decemb._n 6._o 1676._o i_o do_v allow_v the_o print_n of_o this_o book_n fra._n north._n advice_n to_o grand_a juror_n in_o case_n of_o blood_n assert_v from_o law_n and_o reason_n that_o at_o the_o king_n suit_n in_o all_o case_n where_o a_o person_n by_o law_n be_v to_o be_v indict_v for_o kill_v of_o another_o person_n that_o the_o indictment_n ought_v to_o be_v draw_v for_o murder_n and_o that_o the_o grand_a jury_n ought_v to_o find_v it_o murder_n where_o their_o evidence_n be_v that_o the_o party_n intend_v to_o be_v indict_v have_v his_o hand_n in_o blood_n and_o do_v kill_v the_o other_o person_n by_o zachary_n babington_n gent._n gen._n ix_o 6._o quicunque_fw-la effuderit_fw-la humanum_fw-la sanguinem_fw-la fundetur_fw-la sanguis_fw-la illius_fw-la ad_fw-la imaginem_fw-la quip_n dei_fw-la creatus_fw-la est_fw-la homo_fw-la num_fw-la xxxv_o 33._o nec_fw-la aliter_fw-la expiari_fw-la potest_fw-la nisi_fw-la per_fw-la ejus_fw-la sanguinem_fw-la qui_fw-la alterius_fw-la sanguinem_fw-la effuderit_fw-la london_n print_v for_o john_n amery_n at_o the_o peacock_n against_o st._n dunstan_n church_n in_o fleetstreet_n 1677._o the_o author_n to_o the_o reader_n he_o that_o read_v the_o ensue_a tract_n will_v soon_o find_v that_o much_o of_o the_o begin_n of_o it_o be_v by_o way_n of_o introduction_n to_o the_o subject-matter_n of_o the_o book_n and_o may_v well_o if_o not_o better_a have_v pass_v under_o the_o title_n of_o a_o preface_n and_o therefore_o may_v have_v excuse_v this_o in_o which_o i_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o show_v the_o ground_n and_o reason_n that_o put_v i_o upon_o this_o argument_n answer_v all_o objection_n that_o may_v he_o make_v against_o the_o author_n for_o be_v a_o sanguinary_a person_n in_o treat_v so_o positive_o upon_o this_o subject_a show_v the_o necessity_n of_o determine_v the_o law_n herein_o in_o point_n of_o practice_n by_o grand_a juror_n in_o case_n of_o blood_n give_v some_o satisfaction_n to_o such_o as_o may_v object_v against_o the_o length_n of_o it_o whereas_o the_o question_n be_v so_o short_a explain_v the_o grand_a juror_n oath_n and_o last_o endeavour_v to_o remove_v all_o difficulty_n make_v by_o they_o upon_o the_o say_a oath_n two_o reason_n principal_o move_v i_o to_o this_o undertake_n the_o one_o be_v the_o great_a contest_v and_o difference_n i_o have_v too_o often_o observe_v between_o the_o judge_n and_o grand_a juror_n about_o find_v of_o bill_n in_o case_n of_o blood_n whereby_o the_o whole_a matter_n of_o fact_n with_o all_o its_o circumstance_n may_v receive_v its_o full_a disquisition_n in_o court_n and_o not_o in_o a_o grand_a jury_n chamber_n the_o grand_a juror_n as_o if_o they_o be_v judge_n both_o of_o the_o law_n and_o the_o fact_n which_o be_v sufficient_o demonstrate_v in_o the_o ensue_a discourse_n they_o be_v of_o neither_o find_v the_o indictment_n sometime_o manslaughter_n when_o they_o shall_v find_v it_o murder_n contrary_a to_o the_o sense_n and_o direction_n of_o the_o learned_a judge_n and_o of_o the_o king_n council_n whereby_o a_o murderer_n many_o time_n escape_n the_o second_o reason_n be_v that_o if_o the_o law_n be_v not_o determine_v in_o this_o point_n betwixt_o the_o judge_n and_o grand_a juror_n the_o consequence_n must_v needs_o be_v that_o grand_a juror_n that_o hear_v but_o one_o side_n will_v in_o the_o end_n take_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n from_o the_o second_o jury_n that_o be_v proper_a judge_n of_o it_o and_o shall_v try_v it_o and_o the_o matter_n of_o law_n from_o the_o learned_a judge_n that_o shall_v give_v the_o judgement_n of_o law_n upon_o it_o and_o this_o be_v so_o plain_o prove_v in_o the_o ensue_a discourse_n and_o have_v be_v so_o often_o in_o practice_n that_o i_o know_v nothing_o can_v be_v say_v against_o it_o peradventure_o some_o may_v say_v sure_o he_o that_o write_v this_o book_n be_v vir_fw-la sanguinis_fw-la that_o desire_v such_o severe_a justice_n against_o every_o man_n that_o kill_v another_o man_n unlawful_o that_o he_o must_v be_v indict_v of_o murder_n certain_o this_o be_v a_o very_a great_a mistake_n which_o a_o considerate_a reader_n or_o one_o that_o delight_v not_o in_o spill_v of_o blood_n can_v be_v guilty_a of_o here_o be_v no_o more_o desire_v or_o intend_v but_o that_o every_o person_n that_o have_v have_v his_o hand_n in_o innocent_a blood_n receive_v a_o full_a and_o a_o legal_a trial_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n and_o the_o liberty_n of_o a_o subject_a to_o be_v try_v at_o the_o king_n suit_n and_o i_o know_v no_o kingdom_n or_o nation_n in_o the_o world_n who_o subject_n have_v a_o fair_a more_o impartial_a and_o indifferent_a trial_n in_o such_o case_n than_o the_o subject_n of_o england_n have_v who_o except_o as_o i_o have_v show_v they_o become_v their_o own_o accuser_n must_v be_v accuse_v by_o a_o grand_a jury_n and_o convict_v or_o acquit_v by_o another_o and_o afterward_o if_o guilty_a receive_v judgement_n from_o a_o 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fellow_n creature_n will_v hardly_o himself_o avoid_v the_o imputation_n of_o a_o sanguinary_a person_n this_o way_n propose_v will_v prevent_v that_o evil_a practice_n too_o much_o use_v of_o labour_v and_o pack_v grand_a juror_n in_o point_n of_o favour_n when_o they_o be_v assure_v before_o that_o all_o accusation_n by_o grand_a juror_n for_o the_o unlawful_a kill_n of_o a_o reasonable_a creature_n must_v be_v murder_n it_o will_v conduce_v very_o much_o to_o the_o dispatch_n of_o the_o business_n in_o court_n and_o be_v a_o great_a ease_n to_o grand_a juror_n that_o now_o spend_v very_o much_o unnecessary_a time_n in_o question_n about_o the_o law_n in_o such_o case_n which_o be_v better_o spend_v in_o examine_v the_o fact_n and_o leave_v the_o matter_n of_o law_n to_o the_o court._n concern_v the_o necessity_n of_o this_o point_n to_o be_v determine_v he_o be_v a_o stranger_n to_o the_o english_a law_n and_o to_o the_o english_a nation_n that_o overlook_v the_o just_a and_o profitable_a consequence_n thereof_o there_o be_v nothing_o in_o this_o ensue_a tract_n assert_v but_o what_o be_v agreeable_a as_o i_o conceive_v to_o the_o statute_n and_o common_a law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n the_o best_a allow_a practice_n and_o the_o opinion_n of_o all_o the_o learned_a judge_n at_o who_o foot_n i_o have_v have_v the_o happiness_n to_o sit_v many_o year_n both_o before_o the_o late_a civil_a war_n and_o since_o the_o happy_a restauration_n of_o our_o most_o gracious_a sovereign_n and_o agreeable_a to_o sound_v reason_n the_o full_a and_o best_a disquisition_n after_o innocent_a blood_n and_o who_o can_v but_o allow_v the_o necessity_n of_o it_o as_o to_o the_o english_a nation_n at_o present_a bellum_fw-la when_o duel_n be_v so_o frequent_a in_o england_n authority_n it_o be_v make_v matter_n of_o triumph_n for_o one_o hector_n as_o they_o call_v he_o to_o kill_v another_o if_o it_o be_v but_o for_o not_o pledge_v a_o health_n or_o something_o that_o look_v like_o a_o affront_n to_o his_o miss_n in_o place_v she_o at_o a_o ball_n corrupt_v in_o a_o playhouse_n the_o tavern_n or_o the_o like_a and_o this_o must_v not_o only_o engage_v the_o two_o differ_a party_n although_o person_n of_o quality_n to_o sacrifice_v their_o own_o life_n victo_fw-la and_o sometime_o two_o second_o or_o more_o person_n of_o as_o equal_a quality_n to_o lose_v their_o life_n in_o the_o conflict_n or_o by_o the_o law_n if_o death_n ensue_v to_o any_o of_o they_o in_o which_o contest_v they_o be_v no_o more_o concern_v than_o to_o second_v their_o friend_n and_o with_o their_o own_o life_n to_o justify_v the_o quarrel_n between_o the_o two_o differ_a party_n as_o if_o both_o of_o they_o have_v a_o good_a cause_n and_o be_v in_o the_o right_n when_o as_o sometime_o the_o occasion_n be_v so_o trivial_a not_o fit_a for_o two_o boy_n to_o dispute_v as_o to_o what_o may_v be_v object_v to_o the_o length_n
which_o will_v be_v against_o the_o law_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o subject_a and_o therefore_o the_o grand_a juror_n have_v the_o great_a reason_n to_o enlarge_v in_o their_o declaration_n or_o accusation_n for_o the_o king_n as_o in_o all_o declaration_n at_o law_n be_v usual_a as_o far_o as_o the_o law_n will_v heighten_v all_o offence_n in_o blood_n 235._o since_o the_o other_o jury_n have_v so_o much_o liberty_n to_o lessen_v the_o damage_n and_o extenuate_v the_o crime_n whatever_o the_o accusation_n be_v now_o upon_o what_o i_o have_v write_v in_o this_o preface_n and_o the_o book_n i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a how_o much_o i_o have_v subject_v myself_o ad_fw-la capio_fw-la lectoris_fw-la to_o the_o various_a censure_n of_o the_o several_a reader_n especial_o such_o as_o use_v to_o serve_v or_o may_v serve_v on_o grand_a jury_n gentleman_n i_o know_v of_o the_o best_a quality_n next_o to_o the_o peer_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o in_o which_o employment_n for_o their_o king_n and_o country_n it_o be_v a_o honour_n to_o serve_v and_o i_o hope_v it_o will_v be_v no_o dishonour_n nor_o indignity_n to_o any_o of_o they_o to_o entertain_v or_o at_o least_o to_o peruse_v this_o advice_n how_o they_o may_v with_o the_o great_a prudence_n and_o fidelity_n pass_v through_o a_o enquiry_n after_o innocent_a bloodshed_n when_o they_o be_v call_v unto_o it_o and_o leave_v nothing_o therein_o of_o this_o cry_v sin_n to_o be_v repent_v of_o that_o it_o be_v not_o full_o inquire_v of_o by_o they_o that_o so_o their_o exact_a care_n and_o justice_n may_v keep_v themselves_o secure_a from_o the_o guilt_n of_o innocent_a blood_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o it_o will_v meet_v with_o some_o reader_n so_o possess_v with_o the_o contrary_a opinion_n by_o a_o erroneous_a practice_n or_o misunderstanding_n of_o the_o law_n and_o of_o the_o grand_a juror_n oath_n that_o so_o soon_o as_o they_o read_v the_o title_n will_v cast_v away_o the_o book_n and_o cry_v a_o paradox_n other_o happy_o more_o unbiased_a in_o their_o opinion_n and_o of_o more_o moderation_n and_o ingenuity_n if_o they_o dislike_v will_v public_o confute_v it_o with_o strong_a argument_n and_o ground_n of_o law_n and_o reason_n and_o better_a experience_n in_o point_n of_o practice_n and_o so_o determine_v the_o point_n and_o in_o that_o i_o shall_v have_v my_o end_n i_o be_o very_o certain_a that_o i_o enter_v not_o upon_o this_o subject_a with_o a_o offensive_a mind_n but_o cum_fw-la moderamine_fw-la inculpatae_fw-la tutelae_fw-la not_o with_o a_o direct_a design_n to_o kill_v any_o but_o rather_o to_o fright_v weaken_v and_o drive_v away_o that_o daemon_n of_o passion_n in_o man_n to_o commit_v murder_n and_o to_o give_v the_o best_a advice_n to_o grand_a juror_n in_o case_n of_o blood_n a_o small_a thing_n oft_o time_n have_v the_o power_n to_o redress_v a_o great_a inconvenience_n yea_o to_o take_v up_o a_o cruel_a feud_n as_o virgil_n say_v of_o that_o of_o bee_n when_o they_o be_v actual_o engage_v in_o battle_n he_o motus_fw-la animorum_fw-la atque_fw-la haec_fw-la certamina_fw-la tanta_fw-la pulveris_fw-la exigui_fw-la jactu_fw-la compressa_fw-la quiescent_n advice_n to_o grand_a juror_n in_o case_n of_o blood_n it_o be_v the_o great_a happiness_n freedom_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o english_a nation_n that_o in_o all_o common_a and_o ordinary_a trial_n of_o offence_n criminal_a and_o capital_a as_o treason_n murder_n felony_n and_o misdemeanour_n each_o freeman_n and_o so_o be_v all_o the_o people_n of_o england_n as_o to_o this_o shall_v receive_v his_o trial_n per_fw-la pares_fw-la by_o his_o equal_n which_o be_v well_o provide_v for_o by_o the_o great_a charter_n of_o the_o liberty_n of_o england_n in_o these_o word_n no_o freeman_n shall_v be_v take_v or_o imprison_v or_o disseise_v of_o his_o freehold_n liberties_n or_o free-custom_n nor_o be_v outlaw_v banish_a or_o in_o any_o manner_n destroy_v etc._n etc._n but_o by_o lawful_a judgement_n of_o his_o peer_n or_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n this_o chapter_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la be_v partly_o repeat_v in_o a_o late_a statute_n 143._o and_o there_o law_n of_o the_o land_n be_v expound_v indictment_n process_n by_o writ_n original_a and_o course_n of_o the_o law_n another_o statute_n recite_v it_o and_o instead_o of_o the_o word_n law_n of_o the_o land_n put_v in_o process_n of_o the_o law_n as_o equivalent_a and_o synonimous_a signify_v the_o same_o thing_n and_o again_o a_o statute_n of_o that_o king_n say_v 18._o no_o man_n shall_v answer_v without_o presentment_n before_o the_o justice_n or_o matter_n of_o record_n or_o by_o due_a process_n and_o writ_n original_a according_a to_o the_o old_a law_n of_o the_o land_n 136._o as_o it_o be_v well_o observe_v by_o the_o lo._n cook_n that_o oracle_n of_o the_o law_n in_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o other_o common_a offence_n and_o nuisance_n the_o king_n can_v in_o a_o ordinary_a way_n put_v any_o man_n to_o answer_v but_o he_o must_v be_v apprise_v by_o indictment_n or_o other_o matter_n of_o record_n for_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n a_o felon_n or_o a_o murderer_n can_v be_v convict_v utlawry_n or_o attaint_v though_o he_o confess_v the_o felony_n or_o murder_n until_o a_o grand_a jury_n have_v present_v the_o offence_n nor_o can_v any_o person_n general_o and_o ordinary_o be_v convict_v or_o attaint_v or_o have_v judgement_n of_o life_n or_o member_n upon_o any_o criminal_a accusation_n but_o there_o must_v be_v two_o jury_n pass_v upon_o he_o at_o least_o 24_o person_n the_o one_o a_o grand_a jury_n ex_fw-la parte_fw-la regis_fw-la to_o present_v the_o offence_n fit_a for_o a_o trial_n the_o other_o a_o petit_fw-fr or_o lesser_a jury_n inter_fw-la regem_fw-la &_o personam_fw-la accusat_fw-la to_o try_v the_o truth_n of_o that_o presentment_n four_o the_o grand_a jury_n come_v from_o all_o part_n of_o the_o county_n ibid._n the_o other_o jury_n of_o the_o very_a neighbourhood_n de_fw-fr vicinetto_fw-it where_o the_o offence_n be_v commit_v for_o vicini_fw-la vicinorum_fw-la facta_fw-la optime_fw-la praesumuntur_fw-la scire_fw-la and_o so_o in_o probability_n of_o law_n be_v presume_v to_o know_v something_o experimental_o beside_o what_o they_o have_v by_o testimony_n both_o of_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o person_n truth_n and_o nature_n of_o the_o offence_n with_o all_o its_o circumstance_n and_o happy_o the_o credit_n of_o the_o accuser_n and_o his_o witness_n it_o be_v not_o sufficient_a that_o they_o dwell_v in_o the_o county_n but_o they_o be_v to_o be_v of_o the_o neighbourhood_n nay_o le_fw-fr plus_fw-fr prochein_n to_o the_o place_n of_o the_o fact_n as_o by_o artic._n super_fw-la cap._n 9_o it_o be_v appoint_v they_o must_v be_v most_o near_o most_o sufficient_a and_o least_o suspicious_a ibid._n the_o first_o be_v call_v a_o grand_a jury_n or_o a_o great_a jury_n either_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o number_n be_v above_o twelve_o the_o general_a certainty_n of_o all_o other_o jury_n and_o may_v be_v as_o many_o as_o the_o court_n please_v but_o usual_o exceed_v not_o 23_o and_o in_o good_a prudence_n when_o there_o be_v much_o or_o weighty_a business_n there_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v a_o lesser_a number_n for_o if_o there_o be_v less_o or_o more_o they_o may_v be_v so_o divide_v that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o verdict_n as_o by_o experience_n have_v be_v observe_v for_o less_o than_o twelve_o agree_v can_v make_v a_o legal_a verdict_n or_o they_o be_v call_v grand_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o quality_n of_o their_o person_n and_o greatness_n of_o their_o estate_n ability_n of_o their_o judgement_n be_v of_o good_a education_n or_o last_o which_o i_o conceive_v the_o best_a reason_n that_o propter_fw-la excellentiam_fw-la they_o be_v style_v jury_n juratores_fw-la pro_fw-la domino_fw-la rege_fw-la pro_fw-la corpore_fw-la com._n juror_n for_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n for_o the_o county_n of_o s._n and_o as_o the_o commons_o in_o parliament_n be_v to_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n they_o have_v a_o unlimited_a power_n to_o present_v all_o offence_n commit_v in_o their_o county_n that_o be_v contra_fw-la pacem_fw-la coronam_fw-la &_o dignitatem_fw-la regis_fw-la against_o the_o peace_n the_o crown_n and_o dignity_n of_o the_o king_n against_o either_o statute_n or_o common_a law_n they_o be_v the_o great_a and_o grand_a spring_n or_o primum_fw-la mobile_a of_o the_o court_n that_o give_v motion_n to_o all_o the_o other_o wheel_n their_o presentment_n be_v the_o key_n that_o either_o open_v or_o shut_v the_o proceed_n of_o the_o court_n in_o every_o offence_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v that_o the_o law_n of_o england_n take_v care_n that_o as_o well_o the_o grand_a jury_n as_o the_o other_o jury_n consist_v of_o person_n that_o be_v probi_fw-la &_o legales_fw-la homines_fw-la good_a and_o lawful_a man_n each_o man_n must_v be_v probus_fw-la quasi_fw-la probatus_fw-la a_o approve_a honest_a man_n well_fw-mi
a_fw-fr graec._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d &_o qui_fw-la progredi_fw-la possit_fw-la praegredi_fw-la debet_fw-la he_o that_o will_v go_v on_o in_o virtue_n certain_o ought_v principal_o to_o be_v choose_v to_o attend_v the_o court_n of_o justice_n it_o be_v call_v justitia_fw-la quasi_fw-la juris_fw-la statio_fw-la vel_fw-la status_fw-la quod_fw-la per_fw-la justitiam_fw-la jus_o stat_fw-la i._o exercetur_fw-la est_fw-la it_o be_v call_v justice_n because_o it_o be_v the_o standard_n of_o right_n miserable_fw-la servitus_fw-la ubi_fw-la jus_fw-la vagum_fw-la justice_n be_v one_o of_o the_o cardinal_n virtue_n ought_v to_o be_v attend_v by_o none_o but_o the_o virtuoso_fw-la the_o most_o virtuous_a pious_a and_o ingenuous_a person_n probi_fw-la signify_v not_o only_o faithful_a but_o skilful_a none_o can_v be_v presume_v to_o be_v faithful_a in_o keep_v a_o oath_n suspect_v that_o want_v skill_n to_o know_v how_o to_o perform_v his_o duty_n what_o expectation_n can_v there_o be_v 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of_o this_o tract_n i_o have_v only_o this_o to_o say_v that_o it_o be_v no_o more_o than_o i_o have_v accuse_v myself_o for_o and_o do_v endeavour_v to_o have_v abstract_v and_o omit_v much_o of_o it_o but_o when_o i_o begin_v to_o do_v it_o i_o be_v overcome_v by_o these_o consideration_n that_o it_o be_v the_o first_o essay_n of_o this_o kind_n that_o have_v be_v write_v as_o a_o book_n that_o it_o be_v not_o like_a to_o meet_v with_o all_o reader_n of_o like_a capacity_n some_o perhaps_o may_v gather_v much_o out_o of_o a_o little_a whereas_o other_o will_v gather_v but_o a_o little_a out_o of_o much_o and_o the_o whole_a not_o of_o many_o hour_n read_v which_o may_v be_v worse_o spend_v and_o therefore_o be_v willing_a to_o leave_v it_o as_o i_o have_v first_o frame_v it_o although_o i_o expose_v myself_o to_o be_v censure_v for_o it_o and_o because_o grand_a juror_n put_v so_o great_a a_o obligation_n upon_o the_o oath_n they_o take_v as_o grand_a juror_n and_o from_o that_o as_o 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shall_v present_v the_o truth_n the_o whole_a truth_n and_o nothing_o else_o but_o the_o truth_n so_o help_v you_o god_n in_o the_o first_o place_n you_o see_v by_o the_o oath_n they_o be_v swear_v to_o be_v diligent_a in_o their_o inquiry_n not_o to_o be_v slothful_a or_o negligent_a be_v quicken_v by_o their_o oath_n this_o diligence_n be_v to_o be_v exercise_v in_o a_o inquiry_n and_o this_o inquiry_n be_v to_o be_v make_v among_o themselves_o in_o what_o they_o know_v of_o their_o own_o knowledge_n or_o shall_v be_v bring_v unto_o they_o by_o the_o testimony_n of_o other_o as_o to_o the_o matter_n of_o their_o inquiry_n which_o next_o follow_v in_o the_o oath_n and_o from_o which_o they_o frame_v their_o main_a objection_n viz._n all_o such_o thing_n and_o matter_n as_o shall_v be_v give_v they_o in_o charge_n these_o word_n be_v general_a thing_n and_o matter_n and_o certain_o in_o the_o clear_a understanding_n be_v intend_v the_o general_a head_n of_o all_o offence_n by_o they_o 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nature_n of_o the_o case_n the_o court_n and_o the_o king_n council_n have_v frame_v and_o present_v it_o to_o their_o inquiry_n where_o the_o single_a fact_n of_o unlawful_a kill_v another_o etc._n etc._n by_o the_o hand_n of_o such_o a_o one_o be_v prove_v unto_o they_o so_o far_o as_o in_o their_o judgement_n it_o be_v fit_a matter_n of_o accusation_n to_o bring_v the_o whole_a matter_n of_o fact_n and_o all_o that_o may_v depend_v upon_o it_o to_o a_o far_o and_o more_o full_a examination_n as_o be_v more_o full_o manifest_v in_o the_o ensue_a discourse_n for_o shall_v the_o judge_n only_o give_v they_o general_a head_n of_o offence_n in_o charge_n as_o he_o well_o may_v and_o many_o time_n do_v without_o distinguish_v the_o several_a kind_n of_o they_o the_o grand_a juror_n will_v then_o want_v a_o ground_n for_o this_o objection_n beside_o i_o have_v ever_o take_v it_o that_o not_o only_o that_o which_o be_v oral_o deliver_v unto_o they_o by_o the_o judge_n but_o that_o also_o 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up_o a_o accusation_n then_o it_o follow_v in_o the_o oath_n the_o king_n counsel_n their_o fellow_n and_o their_o own_o they_o shall_v keep_v secret_a by_o the_o king_n counsel_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v any_o direction_n the_o judge_n shall_v in_o court_n give_v unto_o they_o in_o any_o matter_n before_o they_o as_o also_o the_o evidence_n of_o witness_n that_o shall_v be_v produce_v to_o they_o on_o the_o king_n behalf_n in_o any_o fact_n for_o no_o other_o witness_n must_v be_v hear_v by_o they_o and_o likewise_o such_o counsellor_n learn_v in_o the_o law_n as_o shall_v manage_v the_o matter_n on_o the_o king_n behalf_n for_o no_o other_o council_n be_v to_o be_v hear_v by_o they_o against_o the_o bill_n none_o of_o this_o must_v be_v reveal_v or_o discover_v by_o the_o grand_a juror_n but_o faithful_o keep_v secret_a according_a to_o their_o oath_n from_o the_o party_n concern_v his_o friend_n and_o all_o other_o except_o the_o court_n demand_v any_o question_n from_o they_o upon_o their_o evidence_n so_o likewise_o must_v they_o keep_v their_o fellow_n juror_n counsel_n and_o their_o own_o that_o be_v they_o be_v not_o to_o discover_v what_o any_o one_o of_o themselves_o have_v together_o counsel_v advise_v or_o debate_v in_o the_o business_n before_o they_o against_o such_o a_o person_n they_o be_v the_o king_n great_a council_n upon_o this_o account_n and_o all_o such_o great_a council_n where_o the_o king_n be_v so_o much_o concern_v take_v a_o oath_n of_o secrecy_n for_o otherwise_o by_o reveal_v such_o counsel_n a_o traitor_n a_o murderer_n and_o the_o great_a felon_n may_v escape_v to_o the_o endanger_n of_o king_n and_o kingdom_n and_o this_o offence_n in_o ancient_a time_n be_v hold_v for_o treason_n or_o felony_n in_o george_n case_n in_o anno_fw-la 27._o ass_n lib._n ass_n
upon_o his_o indictment_n be_v acquit_v but_o the_o lo._n coke_n in_o his_o three_o institutes_n fol._n 107._o say_v certain_z it_o be_v that_o such_o discovery_n be_v accompany_v with_o perjury_n and_o a_o great_a misprision_n to_o be_v punish_v by_o fine_a and_o imprisonment_n and_o it_o be_v well_o provide_v by_o the_o oath_n that_o each_o juror_n be_v swear_v to_o keep_v his_o own_o counsel_n also_o for_o he_o that_o will_v not_o keep_v his_o own_o secret_n will_v hardly_o keep_v another_o so_o much_o for_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o oath_n what_o they_o be_v to_o do_v it_o follow_v in_o the_o oath_n with_o what_o integrity_n they_o ought_v to_o do_v their_o duty_n they_o be_v to_o present_v no_o person_n for_o any_o offence_n through_o any_o malice_n they_o have_v to_o the_o person_n nor_o omit_v any_o mere_o for_o any_o favour_n they_o have_v for_o the_o person_n this_o be_v so_o plain_a it_o need_v nothing_o but_o practice_n these_o two_o seem_v very_o easy_a but_o indeed_o be_v 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grand_a jury_n what_o be_v manslaughter_n per_fw-la infortunium_fw-la and_o it_o can_v never_o be_v adjudge_v by_o the_o judge_n but_o when_o it_o be_v try_v before_o they_o which_o can_v be_v upon_o a_o indictment_n of_o per_fw-la infortunium_fw-la only_o as_o be_v more_o full_o observe_v in_o the_o follow_a discourse_n observe_v likewise_o what_o follow_v in_o that_o statute_n sed_fw-la locum_fw-la habeat_fw-la murdrum_n de_fw-la interfectis_fw-la per_fw-la feloniam_fw-la so_o that_o by_o this_o statute_n all_o felonious_a kill_n be_v murder_n still_o as_o it_o be_v at_o the_o common_a law_n before_o and_o that_o statute_n be_v not_o to_o be_v repeal_v by_o grand_a juror_n and_o as_o there_o must_v not_o be_v in_o the_o grand_a jury_n suppressio_fw-la very_fw-la a_o suppression_n or_o lessen_v of_o the_o truth_n so_o there_o must_v not_o be_v expressio_fw-la falsi_fw-la a_o false_a accusation_n both_o be_v to_o be_v avoid_v and_o therefore_o it_o follow_v in_o the_o oath_n and_o 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by_o the_o last_o word_n of_o the_o oath_n according_a to_o their_o best_a skill_n and_o knowledge_n for_o this_o must_v be_v understand_v skill_n and_o knowledge_n in_o the_o law_n and_o fact_n as_o to_o the_o practice_n and_o nature_n of_o the_o proceed_n of_o the_o law_n in_o such_o case_n for_o it_o be_v rather_o discretio_fw-la legis_fw-la than_o hominis_fw-la and_o thus_o have_v i_o according_a to_o my_o best_a sense_n and_o understanding_n of_o the_o oath_n explain_v it_o and_o answer_v the_o common_a objection_n to_o it_o by_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o there_o be_v nothing_o in_o the_o oath_n that_o any_o way_n oblige_v they_o against_o what_o i_o have_v either_o here_o or_o in_o the_o ensue_a discourse_n advise_v they_o unto_o and_o that_o this_o may_v yet_o be_v more_o evident_a because_o i_o will_v make_v it_o as_o plain_a as_o i_o can_v though_o with_o too_o many_o tautology_n and_o repetition_n i_o shall_v also_o in_o terminis_fw-la set_v down_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o juror_n of_o life_n and_o death_n by_o which_o it_o do_v appear_v that_o they_o only_o stand_v charge_v with_o the_o prisoner_n as_o it_o be_v express_v in_o the_o oath_n and_o the_o grand_a jury_n only_o with_o the_o accusation_n against_o he_o you_o shall_v well_o and_o true_o try_v and_o true_a deliverance_n make_v between_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n and_o the_o prisoner_n at_o the_o bar_n who_o you_o shall_v have_v in_o charge_n and_o a_o true_a verdict_n give_v according_a to_o your_o evidence_n so_o help_v you_o god_n which_o be_v to_o be_v formal_o and_o legal_o draw_v up_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o declaration_n at_o law_n at_o the_o king_n suit_n the_o king_n be_v plaintiff_n and_o the_o prisoner_n defendant_n which_o the_o prisoner_n upon_o his_o arraignment_n either_o confess_v and_o then_o he_o be_v convict_v without_o hear_v of_o any_o evidence_n against_o he_o or_o otherwise_o plead_v not_o guilty_a to_o it_o to_o which_o the_o king_n by_o the_o clerk_n of_o the_o crown_n join_v issue_n by_o cull_v prit_fw-fr viz._n that_o he_o be_v ready_a to_o prove_v he_o guilty_a and_o so_o the_o issue_n be_v thus_o join_v evidence_n for_o the_o king_n be_v give_v against_o he_o upon_o oath_n to_o which_o he_o make_v his_o defence_n in_o person_n or_o by_o 129._o council_n if_o any_o point_n of_o law_n arise_v to_o which_o he_o desire_v council_n and_o the_o court_n approve_v of_o it_o the_o judge_n be_v as_o well_o of_o council_n for_o the_o prisoner_n as_o the_o king_n call_v his_o witness_n if_o he_o have_v any_o who_o speak_v upon_o their_o credit_n and_o not_o upon_o their_o oath_n which_o be_v much_o for_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o prisoner_n the_o law_n presume_v in_o favour_n of_o life_n the_o affirmative_a proof_n to_o be_v so_o clear_a against_o the_o prisoner_n that_o nothing_o in_o the_o 29._o negative_a can_v be_v prove_v upon_o oath_n against_o it_o and_o after_o a_o full_a trial_n of_o what_o can_v be_v say_v and_o prove_v on_o 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kind_n of_o voluntary_a kill_n for_o who_o there_o be_v no_o mercy_n by_o god_n law_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o margin_n of_o the_o great_a bible_n wilful_a murder_n can_v be_v pardon_v without_o god_n high_a displeasure_n nay_o as_o it_o be_v more_o full_o in_o the_o text_n itself_o 13._o thy_o eye_n though_o the_o most_o compassionate_a sense_n shall_v not_o spare_v he_o but_o thou_o whoever_o thou_o be_v shall_v put_v away_o innocent_a blood_n from_o israel_n that_o it_o may_v go_v well_o with_o thou_o now_o the_o put_v away_o of_o innocent_a blood_n be_v by_o revenge_v it_o on_o he_o that_o spill_v it_o as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o 10._o v_o of_o the_o same_o chapter_n that_o innocent_a blood_n be_v not_o shed_v in_o the_o land_n which_o the_o lord_n thy_o god_n give_v thou_o to_o inherit_v and_o so_o blood_n come_v upon_o thou_o that_o be_v that_o the_o blood_n of_o the_o party_n slay_v be_v not_o impute_v to_o thou_o this_o imputation_n of_o blood_n which_o be_v of_o more_o weight_n than_o the_o imputation_n of_o all_o adam_n sin_n because_o the_o command_n be_v more_o immediate_a and_o legible_a to_o we_o it_o concern_v all_o the_o israelite_n in_o general_a but_o more_o especial_o do_v it_o concern_v those_o choose_v by_o law_n to_o make_v inquisition_n after_o it_o innocent_a blood_n unlawful_o and_o wilful_o shed_v as_o principal_o grand_a juror_n be_v for_o who_o sake_n and_o that_o the_o follow_a discourse_n may_v fix_v the_o better_a upon_o their_o judgement_n and_o thereby_o make_v a_o right_a impression_n upon_o their_o conscience_n to_o be_v more_o circumspect_a and_o careful_a in_o their_o presentment_n in_o case_n of_o blood_n i_o have_v premise_v as_o i_o conceive_v what_o be_v the_o will_n and_o law_n of_o god_n as_o he_o himself_o have_v declare_v it_o and_o leave_v it_o upon_o record_n to_o we_o in_o his_o judicial_n to_o his_o people_n israel_n who_o receive_v law_n and_o judgement_n from_o god_n himself_o for_o their_o whole_a model_n and_o system_v of_o political_a government_n agreeable_a to_o which_o i_o may_v add_v the_o mind_n of_o our_o saviour_n christ_n under_o the_o gospel_n who_o be_v the_o best_a interpreter_n of_o the_o law_n in_o bid_v peter_n put_v up_o his_o sword_n 52._o and_o his_o interpretation_n upon_o the_o six_o command_n he_o that_o be_v angry_a with_o his_o brother_n unadvised_o shall_v be_v culpable_a of_o judgement_n ultionis_fw-la i_o shall_v in_o the_o next_o place_n endeavour_n to_o manifest_v how_o parallel_a the_o law_n of_o england_n have_v be_v and_o be_v to_o the_o judicial_a law_n of_o god_n in_o the_o punish_n of_o murder_n and_o shed_v innocent_a blood_n and_o extend_v mercy_n where_o it_o be_v do_v praeter_fw-la intentionem_fw-la unaware_o and_o by_o misfortune_n or_o in_o the_o necessary_a defence_n of_o a_o man_n own_o life_n or_o property_n and_o what_o asylum_n be_v provide_v for_o such_o and_o how_o the_o course_n and_o practice_n of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n ought_v to_o be_v in_o present_v and_o make_v inquisition_n by_o grand_a juror_n after_o the_o same_o not_o to_o look_v so_o far_o back_o to_o find_v what_o the_o law_n be_v in_o case_n of_o felony_n and_o murder_n as_o to_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_n mercia_n heptarchy_n in_o england_n when_o the_o monarchy_n have_v many_o head_n be_v bellua_fw-la multorum_fw-la capitum_fw-la and_o so_o for_o the_o most_o part_n have_v so_o many_o several_a law_n each_o prince_n either_o please_v his_o own_o humour_n or_o adapt_a his_o law_n to_o the_o condition_n and_o quality_n of_o the_o people_n he_o have_v to_o govern_v which_o as_o they_o differ_v in_o their_o quality_n and_o constitution_n as_o much_o as_o the_o several_a wind_n differ_v the_o several_a climate_n from_o whence_o they_o blow_v out_o of_o the_o four_o corner_n of_o the_o world_n from_o whence_o many_o of_o their_o kingdom_n be_v difference_v and_o distinguish_v by_o name_n so_o do_v they_o differ_v in_o the_o nature_n and_o quality_n of_o their_o law_n some_o of_o the_o saxon_a king_n have_v excellent_a law_n as_o ina_n as_o say_v venerable_a bede_n 375._o who_o flourish_v in_o that_o king_n time_n the_o mulct_n or_o breach_n of_o peace_n be_v forty_o shilling_n in_o the_o mercian_n law_n in_o the_o west-saxon_a law_n fifty_o shilling_n the_o punishment_n of_o a_o freeman_n be_v pecuniary_a and_o loss_n of_o liberty_n of_o a_o slave_n by_o whip_v treason_n against_o the_o lord_n be_v capital_a and_o can_v not_o be_v appease_v with_o money_n among_o the_o law_n of_o canutus_n the_o king_n it_o be_v say_v 56._o si_fw-mi quis_fw-la in_o regius_fw-la dimicaret_fw-la capital_a esto_fw-la nisi_fw-la quidem_fw-la rex_fw-la hoc_fw-la illi_fw-la crimen_fw-la condonarit_fw-la if_o any_o shall_v quarrel_v or_o fight_v in_o the_o king_n palace_n it_o be_v capital_a except_o the_o king_n remit_v the_o fault_n they_o be_v unwilling_a to_o put_v any_o man_n to_o death_n because_o of_o lessen_v their_o strength_n be_v so_o much_o divide_v that_o for_o the_o most_o part_n there_o be_v a_o aestimatio_fw-la capitis_fw-la a_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n or_o corporal_a punishment_n set_v upon_o every_o murderer_n and_o felon_n respect_v the_o quality_n of_o the_o person_n kill_v or_o he_o that_o kill_v he_o yet_o among_o they_o there_o be_v strict_a inquiry_n after_o blood_n by_o punish_v the_o offender_n according_a to_o their_o law_n and_o to_o look_v for_o it_o among_o the_o dane_n and_o their_o law_n will_v be_v to_o as_o little_a purpose_n for_o as_o it_o be_v well_o observe_v by_o mr._n lambert_n murdri_fw-la temporibus_fw-la vero_fw-la regum_fw-la danorum_fw-la sepultum_fw-la fuit_fw-la jus_fw-la in_o regno_fw-la leges_fw-la &_o consuetudines_fw-la simul_fw-la sopitae_fw-la temporibus_fw-la eorum_fw-la prava_fw-la voluntas_fw-la vis_fw-la &_o violentia_fw-la magis_fw-la regnabant_fw-la quam_fw-la judicium_fw-la in_o terra_fw-la in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o danish_a king_n right_o be_v bury_v law_n and_o custom_n be_v lay_v asleep_o together_o the_o deprave_a will_n strength_n and_o violence_n do_v reign_v and_o rule_v more_o than_o judgement_n in_o the_o land_n yet_o to_o make_v some_o amends_o we_o have_v it_o by_o good_a tradition_n that_o good_a st._n edward_n the_o confessor_n the_o last_o king_n of_o the_o dane_n that_o be_v king_n of_o england_n yet_o of_o saxon_a blood_n collect_v out_o of_o the_o danish_a saxon_a and_o mercian_n law_n a_o universal_a and_o general_a law_n whence_o our_o common_a law_n be_v think_v to_o have_v have_v its_o original_n which_o may_v be_v true_a of_o the_o write_a law_n hoved._n not_o of_o the_o customary_a and_o unwritten_a law_n these_o be_v certain_o more_o ancient_a some_o say_v that_o edward_n the_o three_o before_o the_o conquest_n 11._o set_v forth_o the_o common_a law_n call_v the_o law_n of_o edward_n to_o this_o day_n which_o st._n edward_n espouse_v as_o his_o act_n and_o fall_v last_o upon_o the_o work_n he_o carry_v the_o name_n one_o say_v king_n canute_n compose_v our_o common_a law_n which_o st._n edward_n the_o confessor_n observe_v this_o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n be_v in_o his_o life_n of_o that_o holiness_n that_o he_o receive_v power_n from_o above_o to_o cure_v many_o disease_n among_o other_o the_o swell_a of_o the_o throat_n call_v by_o we_o the_o king_n evil_n a_o prerogative_n that_o continue_v hereditary_a to_o his_o successor_n king_n of_o england_n to_o this_o day_n the_o powerful_a effect_n whereof_o have_v be_v most_o eminent_o manifest_v by_o the_o touch_n of_o our_o most_o gracious_a king_n that_o now_o be_v since_o his_o happy_a return_n into_o england_n upon_o very_a many_o thousand_o second_o some_o to_o my_o knowledge_n that_o former_o deride_v that_o occult_a personal_a kingly_a virtue_n inherent_a to_o the_o imperial_a sceptre_n of_o england_n be_v of_o st._n thomas_n his_o faith_n that_o will_v not_o believe_v except_o they_o feel_v now_o remain_v full_o satisfy_v of_o the_o truth_n thereof_o from_o their_o own_o experience_n of_o the_o cure_n upon_o themselves_o the_o aforesaid_a st._n edward_n for_o his_o holiness_n charity_n and_o good_a action_n be_v canonize_v for_o a_o saint_n have_v reign_v over_o england_n twenty_o four_o year_n the_o king_n of_o england_n at_o this_o day_n in_o their_o coronation_n oath_n take_v at_o the_o high_a altar_n swear_v especial_o to_o observe_v and_o keep_v the_o law_n of_o this_o st._n edward_n these_o law_n so_o collect_v by_o this_o holy_a king_n edward_n be_v by_o william_n the_o conqueror_n to_o who_o he_o have_v bequeath_v this_o kingdom_n of_o england_n by_o will_n though_o afterward_o he_o be_v force_v to_o get_v it_o by_o the_o sword_n confirm_v in_o these_o word_n 1087._o hoc_fw-la quoque_fw-la praecipio_fw-la ut_fw-la omnes_fw-la habeant_fw-la &_o teneant_fw-la legem_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la in_o omnibus_fw-la rebus_fw-la as_o mr._n lambert_n have_v it_o inter_fw-la leges_fw-la gulielmi_n
record_n in_o chancery_n to_o the_o king_n himself_o in_o case_n of_o blood_n by_o this_o it_o may_v appear_v to_o all_o that_o be_v rational_a and_o unprejudiced_a that_o have_v not_o former_o assert_v the_o contrary_a opinion_n and_o therefore_o like_o the_o opiniator_n of_o this_o age_n will_v for_o no_o other_o reason_n maintain_v it_o that_o grand_a juror_n be_v not_o lest_o so_o free_a herein_o to_o find_v what_o they_o please_v or_o as_o they_o will_v have_v it_o strict_o according_a to_o their_o evidence_n as_o the_o gentleman_n of_o these_o latter_a time_n have_v take_v upon_o they_o to_o do_v and_o even_o to_o stand_v upon_o it_o against_o the_o learned_a judge_n themselves_o and_o their_o direction_n and_o advice_n beside_o how_o great_o do_v they_o injure_v the_o party_n accuse_v for_o if_o he_o be_v guilty_a of_o no_o high_a a_o offence_n than_o manslaughter_n per_fw-la infortunium_fw-la or_o se_fw-la defendendo_fw-la and_o the_o grand_a jury_n will_v not_o find_v it_o murder_n whereby_o he_o may_v put_v himself_o as_o the_o statute_n of_o gloucester_n direct_v de_fw-fr bono_fw-mi &_o malo_fw-la super_fw-la patriam_fw-la he_o can_v never_o by_o a_o pardon_n of_o course_n receive_v a_o total_a and_o final_a discharge_n from_o the_o say_a offence_n for_o if_o he_o shall_v be_v indict_v at_o any_o time_n again_o of_o murder_n for_o the_o death_n of_o that_o party_n as_o he_o may_v be_v at_o any_o time_n after_o during_o his_o life_n notwithstanding_o such_o pardon_n where_o it_o be_v not_o find_v murder_n or_o manslaughter_n at_o the_o first_o he_o can_v make_v no_o plea_n to_o such_o indictment_n in_o discharge_n of_o it_o he_o can_v plead_v auter_n foit_n acquit_v or_o convict_v or_o attaint_v of_o the_o same_o offence_n because_o he_o never_o put_v himself_o de_fw-mi bono_fw-mi &_o malo_fw-la super_fw-la patriam_fw-la upon_o his_o country_n his_o life_n be_v never_o in_o hazard_n for_o it_o whereas_o if_o he_o have_v be_v once_o present_v by_o the_o grand_a jury_n for_o murder_n and_o thereupon_o arraign_v receive_v a_o full_a trial_n and_o according_a to_o the_o statute_n of_o gloucester_n have_v be_v acquit_v of_o the_o murder_n and_o the_o special_a matter_n of_o per_fw-la infortunium_fw-la or_o se_fw-la defendendo_fw-la find_v in_o their_o verdict_n which_o by_o the_o law_n ought_v to_o be_v so_o find_v by_o the_o jury_n of_o life_n and_o death_n under_o their_o hand_n that_o the_o judge_n upon_o hear_v the_o whole_a matter_n may_v be_v satisfy_v it_o be_v find_v according_a to_o evidence_n give_v in_o court_n and_o thereupon_o adjudge_v what_o that_o offence_n be_v in_o law_n if_o in_o this_o case_n the_o party_n that_o have_v receive_v such_o a_o full_a trial_n and_o have_v sue_v out_o a_o certiorari_fw-la out_o of_o chancery_n and_o upon_o the_o return_n of_o that_o have_v have_v the_o special_a matter_n the_o whole_a record_n of_o proceed_n certify_v by_o the_o judge_n before_o who_o the_o record_n remain_v and_o thereupon_o have_v procure_v his_o pardon_n of_o course_n out_o of_o chancery_n such_o person_n can_v never_o be_v call_v in_o question_n again_o for_o the_o same_o offence_n but_o he_o may_v plead_v that_o record_n and_o verdict_n of_o acquittal_n from_o the_o murder_n or_o manslaughter_n notwithstanding_o it_o may_v happen_v to_o be_v prove_v afterward_o either_o murder_n or_o manslaughter_n it_o shall_v discharge_v and_o acquit_v he_o for_o ever_o and_o if_o the_o grand_a jury_n as_o in_o this_o case_n ought_v to_o find_v every_o per_fw-la infortunium_fw-la murder_n notwithstanding_o by_o the_o evidence_n it_o appear_v no_o more_o to_o they_o à _fw-la multo_fw-la fortiori_fw-la they_o ought_v to_o find_v every_o offence_n that_o appear_v to_o they_o upon_o evidence_n to_o be_v but_o manslaughter_n murder_n for_o the_o act._n bill_n of_o indictment_n as_o it_o come_v from_o their_o hand_n be_v but_o the_o king_n declaration_n of_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n to_o which_o the_o prisoner_n may_v plead_v not_o guilty_a and_o join_v issue_n with_o the_o king_n and_o have_v it_o try_v whether_o he_o be_v guilty_a or_o not_o modo_fw-la &_o forma_fw-la as_o it_o be_v lay_v in_o the_o indictment_n or_o may_v confess_v and_o justify_v as_o he_o shall_v find_v cause_n for_o this_o indictment_n or_o presentment_n of_o the_o grand_a jury_n in_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o king_n against_o the_o prisoner_n set_v forth_o a_o act_n do_v vi_n &_o armis_fw-la against_o the_o king_n peace_n his_o crown_n and_o dignity_n all_o which_o be_v violate_v dishonour_a &_o weaken_v in_o the_o loss_n of_o a_o subject_a in_o the_o shed_n of_o innocent_a blood_n by_o which_o his_o land_n be_v defile_v and_o his_o law_n violate_v and_o this_o according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o man_n prima_fw-la fancy_n may_v be_v murder_n and_o therefore_o ought_v as_o well_o as_o all_o declaration_n at_o law_n to_o be_v set_v forth_o in_o the_o full_a circumstance_n of_o aggravation_n a_o fact_n of_o blood_n which_o far_o exceed_v all_o other_o fact_n will_v bear_v especial_o in_o lay_v the_o ground_n work_n and_o foundation_n of_o the_o charge_n because_o it_o can_v heighten_v or_o increase_v but_o may_v lessen_v and_o decrease_v like_o the_o moon_n in_o the_o full_a to_o its_o low_a wane_n even_o to_o nothing_o upon_o a_o full_a examination_n and_o debate_n of_o the_o whole_a matter_n by_o hear_v of_o party_n and_o witness_n on_o both_o side_n and_o receive_v in_o the_o face_n and_o audience_n of_o the_o court_n such_o a_o scrutiny_n and_o narrow_a search_n as_o blood_n require_v into_o all_o circumstance_n and_o aggravation_n of_o the_o offence_n that_o be_v lay_v in_o the_o indictment_n by_o the_o learned_a judge_n who_o be_v of_o counsel_n as_o well_o for_o the_o prisoner_n as_o the_o king_n and_o must_v not_o let_v the_o prisoner_n suffer_v for_o want_v of_o counsel_n in_o law_n that_o a_o grand_a jury_n can_v possible_o do_v they_o hear_v but_o only_a witness_n on_o one_o side_n and_o not_o the_o prisoner_n beside_o their_o want_n of_o judgement_n and_o knowledge_n in_o the_o law_n in_o all_o case_n of_o blood_n whereas_o if_o the_o grand_a jury_n shall_v take_v upon_o they_o which_o they_o ought_v not_o to_o do_v to_o put_v out_o of_o the_o indictment_n and_o declaration_n of_o the_o king_n the_o word_n exit_fw-la malitia_fw-la praecogitata_fw-la the_o only_a word_n that_o make_v it_o murder_n the_o court_n can_v never_o judicial_o examine_v the_o malice_n which_o be_v common_o a_o secret_a latent_fw-la thing_n carry_v on_o with_o a_o great_a privacy_n and_o cunning_a and_o appear_v not_o in_o all_o case_n of_o murder_n express_v and_o no_o evidence_n can_v prove_v further_o to_o a_o grand_a jury_n whereas_o the_o law_n in_o many_o case_n imply_v a_o malice_n to_o make_v it_o murder_v although_o the_o party_n never_o see_v or_o hear_v of_o each_o other_o before_o which_o lie_v not_o in_o proof_n of_o witness_n but_o arise_v as_o a_o point_n of_o law_n upon_o the_o circumstance_n of_o the_o fact_n which_o not_o a_o grand_a jury_n but_o the_o court_n be_v judge_n of_o be_v matter_n of_o law_n which_o judgement_n in_o law_n be_v whole_o frustrate_v and_o take_v from_o the_o court_n when_o the_o grand_a juror_n put_v out_o these_o word_n exit_fw-la malitia_fw-la praecogitata_fw-la which_o only_o make_v it_o murder_n out_o of_o the_o indictment_n and_o by_o such_o favour_n indulgence_n or_o wilfulness_n in_o grand_a juror_n many_o time_n the_o great_a murder_n escape_v by_o a_o per_fw-la infortunium_fw-la se_fw-la defendendo_fw-la or_o at_o least_o by_o a_o manslaughter_n for_o if_o the_o grand_a juror_n shall_v only_o find_v it_o manslaughter_n the_o prisoner_n upon_o his_o arraignment_n present_o if_o he_o can_v but_o read_v get_v any_o one_o to_o help_v he_o or_o corrupt_v the_o ordinary_a no_o great_a difficulty_n to_o do_v confess_v the_o indictment_n and_o prevent_v all_o further_a trial_n upon_o that_o offence_n and_o so_o neither_o the_o judge_n nor_o court_n can_v ever_o come_v to_o understand_v although_o there_o be_v twenty_o witness_n against_o the_o prisoner_n what_o evidence_n the_o grand_a jury_n have_v to_o find_v it_o no_o high_o than_o manslaughter_n nor_o shall_v ever_o come_v judicial_o to_o examine_v the_o nature_n quality_n or_o malice_n if_o any_o be_v circumstance_n and_o truth_n of_o the_o fact_n although_o in_o itself_o the_o foul_a murder_n that_o can_v be_v as_o my_o own_o above_o forty_o year_n experience_n attend_v the_o crown_n court_n in_o one_o circuit_n under_o many_o learned_a judge_n have_v too_o often_o experience_v together_o with_o the_o common_a practice_n of_o labour_v grand_a juror_n to_o such_o a_o presentment_n and_o contrive_v with_o the_o prisoner_n to_o confess_v the_o manslaughter_n lest_o the_o truth_n and_o foulness_n of_o the_o murder_n shall_v too_o clear_o manifest_v itself_o as_o truth_n ever_o will_v upon_o a_o judicial_a faithful_a
by_o indictment_n now_o general_o in_o these_o day_n since_o the_o make_n of_o that_o statute_n all_o proceed_n in_o murder_n and_o felony_n be_v by_o indictment_n at_o the_o king_n suit_n not_o but_o that_o the_o prosecution_n by_o appeal_n be_v still_o in_o force_n and_o the_o party_n have_v his_o election_n which_o way_n he_o will_v proceed_v either_o by_o appeal_n at_o his_o own_o suit_n or_o by_o indictment_n at_o the_o king_n suit_n yea_o even_o after_o the_o trial_n have_v by_o the_o king_n suit_n in_o some_o case_n although_o at_o the_o king_n suit_n they_o have_v be_v acquit_v of_o the_o murder_n but_o that_o the_o abuse_n of_o these_o and_o many_o other_o obsolete_a law_n have_v take_v away_o the_o frequent_a use_n of_o they_o except_o it_o be_v through_o the_o miscarriage_n of_o grand_a juror_n and_o juror_n of_o life_n and_o death_n in_o case_n of_o murder_n the_o one_o in_o not_o full_o present_v the_o murder_n the_o other_o in_o not_o conscientious_o give_v a_o verdict_n according_a to_o their_o evidence_n and_o thereby_o provoke_v the_o party_n who_o relation_n be_v slay_v to_o the_o nice_a and_o chargeable_a remedy_n of_o a_o appeal_n upon_o such_o appeal_v several_a have_v be_v execute_v after_o they_o have_v be_v acquit_v by_o trial_n at_o the_o king_n suit_n upon_o indictment_n one_o woman_n in_o my_o time_n in_o berkshire_n for_o petty_a treason_n for_o kill_v her_o husband_n after_o she_o have_v be_v acquit_v for_o the_o same_o fact_n at_o the_o king_n suit_n by_o indictment_n be_v convict_v upon_o the_o appeal_n and_o burn_v at_o a_o stake_n look_v how_o high_a the_o appellant_n shall_v draw_v his_o appeal_n against_o the_o appellee_n or_o defendant_n as_o if_o for_o murder_n in_o this_o case_n if_o the_o appellant_n shall_v surcease_v to_o prosecute_v such_o appeal_n as_o by_o nonsuit_n release_v retraxit_fw-la the_o woman_n by_o marry_v a_o husband_n pendent_fw-la light_fw-la or_o by_o the_o act_n of_o god_n as_o if_o the_o appellant_n die_v or_o by_o the_o act_n of_o the_o law_n as_o if_o the_o appellant_n take_v the_o privilege_n now_o in_o all_o the_o former_a case_n where_o the_o appeal_n cease_v by_o the_o act_n of_o the_o appellant_n that_o be_v he_o that_o prosecute_v the_o appeal_n after_o declaration_n in_o the_o appeal_n the_o defendant_n shall_v not_o go_v at_o liberty_n but_o shall_v be_v arraign_v upon_o the_o same_o declaration_n at_o the_o king_n suit_n for_o that_o it_o do_v appear_v by_o the_o declaration_n there_o be_v a_o murder_n commit_v and_o the_o year_n day_n and_o place_n when_o and_o where_o the_o same_o be_v commit_v and_o the_o same_o be_v not_o try_v and_o the_o law_n will_v not_o allow_v such_o great_a offence_n whereof_o it_o take_v notice_n to_o be_v conceal_v and_o remain_v unpunished_a neither_o will_v the_o king_n at_o his_o suit_n suffer_v it_o to_o be_v extenuate_v into_o a_o lesser_a degree_n of_o murder_n than_o the_o appellant_n do_v so_o careful_a have_v the_o law_n ever_o be_v in_o punish_v of_o murder_n and_o revenge_v innocent_a blood_n which_o it_o seem_v and_o as_o before_o be_v observe_v whilst_o appeal_n be_v in_o use_n and_o the_o king_n suit_n must_v stay_v until_o the_o year_n and_o day_n be_v pass_v many_o murderer_n escape_v unpunished_a and_o the_o kill_n of_o man_n be_v make_v as_o now_o it_o be_v a_o trick_n of_o youth_n valour_n hector_v and_o jest_n in_o regard_n of_o so_o great_a impunity_n it_o find_v by_o frequent_a pardon_n indulgence_n of_o grand_a juror_n and_o other_o and_o true_o it_o be_v much_o with_o we_o in_o this_o age_n as_o it_o be_v in_o those_o day_n when_o appeal_n be_v in_o use_n and_o have_v the_o pre-eminence_n of_o the_o king_n suit_n never_o more_o kill_v of_o man_n by_o duel_n tavern_n and_o game-house_n quarrel_n and_o yet_o never_o more_o impunity_n to_o such_o mankiller_n such_o valiant_a murderer_n of_o their_o fellow_n christian_n especial_o if_o the_o mankiller_n have_v either_o a_o fame_n for_o honour_n or_o valour_n money_n or_o interest_n of_o friend_n to_o procure_v pity_n or_o pardon_n and_o compassion_n from_o the_o grand_a jury_n to_o find_v it_o manslaughter_n if_o they_o will_v go_v so_o high_a where_o it_o be_v murder_n and_o then_o through_o that_o false_a glass_n to_o represent_v it_o to_o a_o most_o merciful_a king_n and_o thereby_o obtain_v a_o pardon_n for_o the_o whole_a offence_n or_o else_o upon_o his_o arraignment_n shall_v confess_v the_o manslaughter_n and_o procure_v a_o respect_n of_o his_o burn_a in_o the_o hand_n because_o a_o gent-hand_n kill_v the_o man_n and_o afterward_o procure_v a_o pardon_n for_o that_o burn_a in_o the_o hand_n which_o the_o king_n may_v grant_v it_o be_v no_o part_n of_o the_o judgement_n but_o a_o notify_v the_o person_n that_o by_o that_o mark_n he_o may_v be_v know_v again_o once_o to_o have_v have_v his_o clergy_n that_o he_o may_v not_o have_v it_o a_o second_o time_n many_o recent_a and_o fresh_a instance_n in_o particular_a case_n of_o blood_n may_v be_v give_v be_v it_o safe_a or_o seasonable_a to_o make_v reflection_n of_o divers_a murder_n that_o have_v too_o easy_o slip_v through_o the_o hand_n of_o justice_n by_o the_o averseness_n ignorance_n or_o partiality_n of_o grand_a juror_n in_o not_o observe_v the_o direction_n of_o the_o judge_n in_o this_o particular_a of_o find_v bill_n murder_n instead_o of_o manslaughter_n yea_o and_o that_o many_o time_n upon_o direction_n give_v in_o court_n after_o open_a evidence_n which_o open_a evidence_n to_o a_o grand_a jury_n especial_o in_o case_n of_o blood_n ought_v to_o be_v avoid_v as_o much_o as_o may_v be_v in_o regard_n it_o do_v too_o much_o lay_v open_a and_o betray_v the_o king_n evidence_n to_o stander_n by_o it_o may_v be_v friend_n of_o the_o prisoner_n that_o may_v make_v too_o much_o use_v of_o it_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o prisoner_n and_o prejudice_n of_o truth_n beside_o many_o witness_n although_o upon_o their_o oath_n will_v not_o speak_v so_o full_o in_o court_n before_o the_o bill_n find_v and_o happy_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o party_n or_o his_o friend_n as_o in_o a_o grand_a jury_n chamber_n more_o private_a beside_o where_o it_o be_v beforehand_o know_v what_o witness-pinching_a endeavour_n will_v be_v use_v to_o keep_v he_o off_o or_o by_o some_o sinister_a way_n to_o be_v comply_v with_o to_o lessen_v or_o hinder_v his_o testimony_n to_o the_o second_o jury_n if_o there_o be_v occasion_n beside_o the_o king_n evidence_n before_o issue_n join_v betwixt_o the_o king_n and_o the_o prisoner_n be_v always_o to_o be_v secret_a only_o open_a to_o the_o grand_a juror_n who_o be_v always_o style_v juratores_fw-la pro_fw-la domino_fw-la rege_fw-la the_o king_n jury_n and_o be_v swear_v to_o keep_v the_o king_n counsel_n their_o felon_n and_o their_o own_o now_o the_o witness_n for_o the_o king_n be_v say_v to_o be_v of_o the_o king_n council_n which_o will_v abate_v much_o of_o their_o oath_n if_o evidence_n and_o the_o king_n 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facit_fw-la dicendo_fw-la he_o that_o accuse_v or_o appeal_v another_o man_n or_o bring_v his_o crime_n into_o question_n indictatus_fw-la quasi_fw-la indicatus_fw-la one_o that_o have_v his_o cause_n show_v out_o in_o public_a defer_v nomen_fw-la alicujus_fw-la judicare_fw-la to_o indict_v be_v to_o accuse_v or_o impeach_v it_o signify_v in_o our_o common_a law_n as_o much_o as_o accusatio_fw-la in_o the_o civil_a law_n though_o it_o have_v not_o the_o like_a effect_n accusabilis_fw-la i._n e._n accusatione_fw-la aut_fw-la reprehensione_n dignus_fw-la one_o worthy_a of_o reprehension_n a_o indictment_n be_v like_o the_o precious_a stone_n of_o india_n call_v indica_fw-la which_o as_o pliny_n note_v in_o rub_v it_o break_v forth_o into_o a_o purple_a sweat_n so_o do_v a_o indictment_n of_o murder_n which_o though_o it_o seem_v white_a and_o pale_a in_o the_o grand_a juror_n hand_n afterward_o by_o rub_v and_o press_v hard_o in_o court_n break_v out_o into_o a_o purple_a or_o bloody_a 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extenuate_v it_o to_o the_o low_a degree_n and_o mean_v that_o art_n and_o cunning_a which_o in_o these_o case_n of_o blood_n be_v seldom_o want_v can_v bring_v it_o unto_o the_o one_o be_v upon_o a_o accusation_n against_o a_o criminous_a person_n who_o have_v have_v his_o hand_n in_o blood_n and_o be_v certain_o guilty_a in_o truth_n of_o something_o in_o the_o crime_n he_o be_v accuse_v of_o the_o other_o only_o upon_o his_o own_o excuse_n who_o can_v never_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n excuse_v himself_o à _fw-la toto_fw-la from_o the_o whole_a crime_n of_o blood_n if_o they_o be_v satisfy_v that_o it_o be_v a_o offence_n against_o the_o king_n peace_n his_o crown_n and_o dignity_n and_o the_o life_n of_o another_o person_n it_o be_v enough_o for_o they_o to_o present_v the_o whole_a matter_n to_o the_o court_n as_o the_o court_n have_v direct_v and_o advise_v the_o bill_n to_o they_o for_o every_o bill_n of_o indictment_n that_o be_v formal_o and_o legal_o draw_v up_o be_v 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rob_v of_o church_n rob_v of_o person_n in_o their_o house_n or_o upon_o the_o highway_n wilful_a burn_a of_o house_n or_o barn_n with_o corn_n or_o accessary_n before_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v from_o henceforth_o admit_v to_o the_o benefit_n of_o their_o clergy_n but_o suffer_v death_n as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v no_o clerk_n it_o seem_v all_o that_o be_v that_o be_v as_o many_o as_o the_o ordinary_a then_o esteem_v so_o clerk_n although_o they_o be_v guilty_a of_o murder_n petty_a treason_n and_o felony_n suffer_v not_o death_n so_o great_a favour_n and_o immunity_n have_v they_o in_o those_o time_n for_o such_o bloody_a and_o cry_a sin_n so_o prevalent_a be_v the_o clergy_n and_o those_o within_o holy_a order_n in_o those_o day_n that_o this_o very_a act_n of_o parliament_n that_o take_v away_o clergy_n from_o other_o that_o commit_v murder_n burglary_n and_o robbery_n and_o other_o offence_n beforenamed_n except_v all_o within_o holy_a order_n order_n from_o the_o same_o pain_n and_o danger_n other_o person_n must_v suffer_v for_o the_o same_o offence_n which_o freedom_n and_o indulgence_n continue_v to_o they_o in_o holy_a order_n as_o they_o call_v it_o until_o the_o 28_o h._n 8._o c._n 1._o which_o provide_v that_o they_o within_o holy_a order_n as_o to_o such_o and_o other_o offence_n 1187._o shall_v be_v under_o the_o same_o pain_n and_o danger_n that_o other_o be_v now_o this_o statute_n make_v none_o of_o the_o former_a offence_n felony_n or_o murder_n that_o be_v not_o so_o before_o the_o make_n of_o this_o statute_n but_o only_o take_v from_o they_o that_o commit_v any_o of_o these_o offence_n the_o benefit_n of_o their_o clergy_n certain_o there_o want_v not_o those_o that_o commit_v wilful_a murder_n of_o malice_n prepense_a as_o we_o now_o distinguish_v it_o before_o the_o make_n of_o this_o statute_n as_o those_o that_o commit_v sacrilege_n rob_v person_n in_o their_o house_n and_o upon_o the_o highway_n wilful_o fire_v house_n and_o barn_n with_o corn_n and_o be_v abettor_n to_o the_o say_a offence_n so_o it_o be_v very_o plain_a that_o this_o statute_n make_v no_o alteration_n as_o to_o the_o draw_v and_o pen_v of_o indictment_n of_o murder_n sacrilege_n robbery_n burglary_n etc._n etc._n but_o only_o take_v away_o clergy_n from_o every_o person_n who_o after_o the_o make_n of_o that_o statute_n shall_v be_v find_v guilty_a as_o the_o word_n of_o the_o act_n be_v after_o the_o law_n of_o this_o land_n for_o any_o of_o the_o aforesaid_a offence_n so_o that_o according_a as_o the_o indictment_n of_o murder_n be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o this_o land_n before_o the_o make_n of_o this_o act_n so_o must_v it_o be_v after_o the_o make_n of_o this_o act_n wilful_a murder_n in_o the_o statute_n 32_o h._n 8._o c._n 12._o and_o this_o statute_n of_o the_o 23._o of_o the_o same_o king_n comprehend_v as_o well_o that_o which_o we_o call_v manslaughter_n and_o every_o kill_a where_o the_o will_n of_o man_n be_v free_o engage_v as_o 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debate_v the_o matter_n with_o all_o its_o circumstance_n as_o have_v be_v say_v before_o on_o both_o side_n those_o word_n be_v matter_n of_o law_n mix_v with_o matter_n of_o fact_n and_o be_v not_o to_o be_v expunge_v by_o a_o grand_a jury_n because_o they_o can_v afterward_o be_v supply_v nor_o employ_v by_o the_o court_n and_o jury_n of_o life_n and_o death_n after_o the_o arraignment_n of_o the_o prisoner_n shall_v there_o appear_v upon_o trial_n never_o so_o great_a cause_n yet_o felonicè_fw-la and_o some_o other_o word_n though_o material_a may_v be_v supply_v in_o a_o special_a verdict_n if_o upon_o a_o indictment_n of_o murder_n quod_fw-la felonicè_fw-la percussit_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o jury_n find_v percussit_fw-la tantum_fw-la yet_o the_o verdict_n be_v good_a for_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o court_n be_v to_o resolve_v upon_o the_o special_a matter_n whether_o it_o be_v felonicè_fw-la 69._o etc._n etc._n or_o not_o coke_n lib._n 9_o 69._o and_o if_o the_o court_n adjudge_v it_o murder_n than_o the_o juror_n in_o the_o conclusion_n of_o their_o verdict_n find_v he_o guilty_a of_o the_o murder_n contain_v in_o the_o indictment_n and_o to_o show_v the_o power_n of_o a_o jury_n of_o life_n and_o death_n who_o indeed_o shall_v have_v the_o full_a and_o high_a charge_n can_v be_v lay_v against_o the_o prisoner_n for_o the_o offence_n he_o be_v to_o be_v try_v if_o a._n be_v appeal_v or_o indict_v of_o murder_n viz._n that_o he_o of_o malice_n prepense_a kill_v b._n a_o plead_v that_o he_o be_v not_o guilty_a modo_fw-la &_o forma_fw-la yet_o the_o jury_n may_v find_v a_o guilty_a of_o manslaughter_n without_o malice_n prepense_a because_o the_o kill_n of_o a._n be_v the_o matter_n and_o malice_n prepense_a be_v but_o a_o circumstance_n 101_o blow_n com._n 101._o and_o general_o where_o modo_fw-la &_o forma_fw-la be_v not_o of_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o issue_n but_o word_n of_o form_n there_o it_o suffice_v although_o the_o verdict_n do_v not_o find_v the_o precise_a issue_n 22_o h._n 8._o c._n 19_o 19_o the_o first_o statute_n that_o i_o find_v these_o word_n mention_v in_o of_o malice_n prepense_a 14._o be_v the_o 22_o h._n 8._o c._n 14._o where_o it_o be_v say_v if_o any_o person_n for_o any_o petty_a treason_n murder_n or_o felony_n have_v obtain_v the_o king_n pardon_n or_o be_v otherwise_o discharge_v out_o of_o sanctuary_n and_o afterward_o commit_v another_o petty_a treason_n felony_n or_o manslaughter_n by_o chance-medley_o and_o not_o murder_n of_o malice_n prepense_a and_o afterward_o take_v sanctuary_n again_o for_o any_o such_o petty_a treason_n felony_n or_o manslaughter_n by_o chance-medley_o the_o same_o person_n shall_v enjoy_v a_o second_o privilege_n of_o sanctuary_n so_o that_o he_o that_o commit_v murder_n of_o malice_n prepense_a can_v not_o enjoy_v the_o benefit_n of_o sanctuary_n a_o second_o time_n then_o come_v the_o statute_n of_o the_o 25_o h._n 8._o c._n 3._o 3._o and_o remedy_n divers_a defect_n that_o be_v in_o the_o say_a statute_n of_o the_o 23_o h._n 8._o forasmuch_o as_o the_o say_a act_n extend_v only_o to_o such_o person_n as_o be_v find_v guilty_a after_o the_o due_a course_n of_o the_o law_n of_o this_o land_n divers_a and_o great_a robber_n murderer_n burglar_n and_o felon_n do_v commit_v those_o offence_n perceive_v and_o clear_o understand_v by_o the_o word_n of_o the_o say_a statute_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o lose_v the_o benefit_n of_o clergy_n unless_o they_o be_v find_v guilty_a after_o the_o due_a course_n of_o the_o law_n upon_o their_o arraignment_n of_o and_o upon_o the_o say_a murder_n and_o felony_n so_o by_o they_o do_v and_o commit_v by_o reason_n whereof_o divers_a of_o the_o say_a person_n upon_o their_o arraignment_n of_o the_o say_a offence_n and_o felony_n upon_o their_o indictment_n against_o they_o will_v stand_v mute_a and_o sometime_o challenge_v peremptory_o over_o the_o number_n of_o twenty_o or_o else_o will_v not_o answer_v direct_o to_o the_o same_o indictment_n whereupon_o they_o be_v arraign_v according_a to_o law_n it_o be_v therefore_o provide_v by_o this_o statute_n that_o every_o person_n that_o hereafter_o shall_v he_o indict_v of_o petty_a treason_n wilful_a burn_a of_o house_n murder_n robbery_n or_o burglary_n or_o other_o felony_n according_a to_o the_o tenor_n or_o meaning_n of_o the_o say_a statute_n of_o the_o 23_o h._n 8._o and_o thereupon_o arraign_v and_o do_v stand_v mute_a of_o malice_n or_o froward_a mind_n or_o challenge_v peremptory_o above_o the_o number_n of_o twenty_o or_o else_o will_v not_o or_o do_v not_o answer_v direct_o to_o the_o same_o indictment_n and_o felony_n whereupon_o he_o be_v so_o arraign_v shall_v lose_v the_o benefit_n of_o clergy_n in_o like_a manner_n and_o form_n as_o if_o he_o have_v direct_o plead_v to_o the_o same_o petty_a treason_n murder_n robbery_n or_o other_o
abuse_v of_o it_o be_v better_o care_v take_v in_o return_n of_o juror_n 116._o i_o dare_v say_v the_o trial_n by_o twelve_o will_v not_o be_v more_o ancient_a than_o excellent_a the_o excellency_n of_o it_o appear_v in_o the_o long_a constant_a and_o general_a use_n of_o it_o among_o the_o people_n of_o england_n this_o way_n of_o trial_n to_o have_v all_o their_o estate_n injury_n and_o live_v try_v by_o twelve_o man_n and_o those_o neighbour_n of_o our_o own_o degree_n and_o parity_n and_o without_o exception_n upon_o a_o lawful_a challenge_n certain_o nothing_o can_v be_v say_v more_o for_o the_o commendation_n of_o it_o than_o the_o constant_a practice_n and_o unanimous_a approbation_n of_o it_o in_o england_n to_o this_o day_n since_o the_o first_o beginning_n of_o it_o the_o trial_n by_o twelve_o be_v very_o ancient_a though_o mr._n daniel_n and_o polydore_n virgil_n deny_v it_o to_o be_v ancient_a than_o the_o norman_a conquest_n but_o polydore_n as_o say_v the_o excellent_a sr._n h._n savil_n be_v a_o italian_a and_o a_o stranger_n in_o our_o commonwealth_n and_o so_o deceive_v 3._o it_o be_v of_o english_a saxon_a descent_n as_o by_o the_o law_n of_o king_n etheldred_n cap._n 4._o thus_o in_o all_o hundred_o let_v assembly_n be_v and_o twelve_o freeman_n of_o the_o most_o ancient_a together_o shall_v swear_v not_o to_o condemn_v the_o innocent_a nor_o absolve_v the_o guilty_a it_o be_v in_o use_n with_o the_o french_a in_o the_o age_n of_o charlemagne_n they_o that_o will_v see_v more_o of_o this_o let_v they_o read_v that_o learned_a and_o ancient_a book_n write_v by_o judge_n fortescue_n in_o commendation_n of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n i_o shall_v leave_v this_o subject_a have_v brief_o touch_v upon_o the_o happiness_n and_o liberty_n the_o subject_n of_o england_n enjoy_v to_o have_v their_o trial_n for_o their_o estate_n and_o life_n per_fw-la pares_fw-la by_o juries_n of_o twelve_o man_n what_o manner_n of_o person_n grand_a juror_n and_o those_o juror_n ought_v to_o be_v and_o of_o the_o excellency_n and_o antiquity_n of_o such_o trial_n in_o the_o next_o place_n after_o i_o have_v show_v the_o heinousness_n of_o murder_n both_o by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o the_o law_n of_o this_o land_n and_o make_v some_o little_a parallel_n therein_o i_o shall_v brief_o show_v that_o it_o be_v the_o duty_n of_o all_o grand_a juror_n in_o all_o case_n of_o blood_n touch_v the_o death_n of_o any_o reasonable_a creature_n by_o violence_n or_o by_o the_o hand_n or_o act_n of_o any_o other_o reasonable_a creature_n where_o the_o bill_n of_o indictment_n be_v bring_v unto_o they_o for_o murder_n in_o case_n they_o find_v upon_o the_o evidence_n any_o probability_n that_o the_o person_n say_v to_o be_v kill_v in_o the_o indictment_n be_v slay_v by_o the_o person_n charge_v to_o do_v it_o in_o the_o indictment_n to_o put_v billa_z vera_fw-la to_o that_o indictment_n without_o foreclose_v the_o court_n by_o judge_v among_o themselves_o the_o point_n of_o law_n that_o may_v arise_v in_o that_o case_n as_o whether_o it_o be_v murder_n manslaughter_n at_o common_a law_n or_o upon_o the_o statute_n see_v def_n per_fw-la infortunium_fw-la justifiable_a or_o otherwise_o none_o of_o these_o special_a matter_n be_v to_o be_v find_v by_o they_o that_o be_v but_o inquisitor_n and_o accuser_n for_o the_o king_n not_o tryer_n of_o the_o offence_n hear_v but_o witness_n on_o one_o side_n and_o who_o presentment_n or_o verdict_n be_v not_o final_a but_o must_v be_v put_v to_o issue_n betwixt_o the_o king_n and_o the_o party_n to_o be_v try_v by_o another_o jury_n whether_o there_o be_v truth_n in_o it_o or_o no_o whatever_o the_o practice_n of_o grand_a juror_n have_v be_v of_o late_a to_o the_o contrary_a this_o be_v the_o chief_a aim_n and_o design_n of_o this_o tract_n i_o have_v not_o meet_v with_o any_o among_o christian_n and_o i_o believe_v there_o be_v none_o among_o heathen_n or_o rational_a creature_n but_o believe_v whatever_o their_o practice_n be_v to_o the_o contrary_a that_o the_o shed_n of_o innocent_a blood_n be_v a_o great_a offence_n a_o cry_a sin_n to_o take_v away_o the_o life_n of_o a_o plant_n be_v but_o the_o vigour_n in_o the_o juice_n and_o the_o life_n of_o a_o beast_n be_v but_o the_o vigour_n in_o the_o blood_n but_o the_o life_n of_o a_o man_n be_v a_o 4._o spirit_n and_o spiritual_a substance_n the_o breath_n of_o god_n breathe_v into_o he_o and_o not_o to_o be_v extinguish_v unjust_o by_o the_o hand_n of_o man_n certain_o vox_fw-la sanguinis_fw-la est_fw-la vox_fw-la clamantis_fw-la it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o four_o sin_n laborum_fw-la that_o the_o scripture_n call_v clamantia_fw-la peccata_fw-la cry_v sin_n that_o cry_v to_o god_n for_o vengeance_n even_o in_o this_o world_n upon_o the_o manslayer_n immediate_o after_o the_o flood_n god_n command_v that_o blood_n unjust_o shed_v shall_v be_v require_v by_o the_o magistrate_n of_o the_o manquiller_n it_o be_v within_o the_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la of_o god_n himself_o and_o by_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n make_v in_o heaven_n never_o to_o be_v repeal_v it_o be_v enact_v that_o he_o that_o shed_v man_n blood_n by_o man_n shall_v his_o blood_n be_v shed_v at_o the_o hand_n of_o every_o man_n brother_n will_v i_o require_v the_o life_n of_o man_n say_v god_n himself_o villain_n god_n many_o time_n allow_v of_o restitution_n and_o other_o satisfaction_n in_o other_o felony_n but_o never_o in_o case_n of_o blood_n for_o who_o can_v make_v satisfaction_n for_o the_o life_n of_o a_o man_n the_o first_o murderer_n that_o we_o read_v of_o be_v the_o devil_n who_o the_o scripture_n say_v be_v a_o murderer_n from_o the_o beginning_n in_o quantum_fw-la traxit_fw-la in_o peccatum_fw-la in_o draw_v our_o first_o parent_n into_o sin_n and_o so_o to_o death_n the_o next_o that_o we_o read_v of_o for_o the_o devil_n will_v not_o be_v long_o before_o he_o have_v tempt_v more_o to_o his_o own_o sin_n be_v cain_n that_o kill_v his_o brother_n abel_n and_o it_o seem_v very_o desperate_o shed_v much_o of_o his_o blood_n in_o many_o part_n of_o his_o body_n for_o the_o word_n be_v in_o the_o plural_a number_n vox_fw-la sanguinum_fw-la the_o voice_n of_o his_o blood_n or_o because_o the_o blood_n of_o the_o future_a posterity_n of_o abel_n that_o he_o may_v have_v have_v be_v shed_v in_o he_o by_o the_o murder_n of_o cain_n it_o be_v true_a that_o cain_n blood_n be_v not_o shed_v by_o that_o law_n although_o he_o kill_v his_o brother_n the_o world_n be_v not_o then_o people_v nor_o that_o law_n then_o so_o positive_o give_v by_o god_n and_o the_o example_n and_o terror_n to_o other_o can_v not_o then_o be_v so_o great_a which_o be_v oft_o the_o great_a end_n of_o punishment_n ut_fw-la poena_fw-la ad_fw-la paucos_fw-la metus_fw-la ad_fw-la omnes_fw-la perveniat_fw-la and_o therefore_o cain_n be_v to_o survive_v by_o god_n special_a appointment_n not_o by_o any_o favour_n of_o god_n towards_o he_o but_o that_o he_o may_v have_v god_n mark_n as_o a_o murderer_n upon_o he_o to_o the_o terror_n of_o all_o other_o that_o shall_v see_v he_o what_o visible_a mark_n and_o distinction_n this_o be_v be_v but_o conjecture_v at_o some_o think_v it_o be_v a_o horrible_a shake_n over_o his_o whole_a body_n as_o the_o septuagint_n translate_v who_o for_o thou_o shall_v be_v a_o vagabond_n and_o runagate_n read_v he_o shall_v conscience_n sigh_v and_o tremble_v or_o a_o exceed_a shame_n and_o confusion_n in_o that_o he_o run_v from_o place_n to_o place_n to_o hide_v himself_o or_o some_o visible_a mark_n in_o his_o face_n as_o lyranus_fw-la think_v some_o hebrew_n think_v it_o be_v a_o horn_n in_o his_o forehead_n some_o a_o letter_n some_o that_o a_o dog_n lead_v he_o the_o scripture_n be_v plain_a that_o for_o this_o murder_n he_o be_v to_o be_v a_o fugitive_n and_o a_o vagabond_n upon_o the_o face_n of_o the_o earth_n one_o as_o the_o text_n say_v that_o go_v from_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o lord_n to_o who_o the_o earth_n be_v accurse_v and_o certain_o the_o guilt_n and_o shame_n he_o carry_v about_o he_o like_o the_o bloody_a jew_n that_o murder_a christ_n and_o be_v to_o this_o day_n vagabond_n over_o the_o earth_n or_o those_o bloody_a survive_a regicide_n that_o murder_v the_o best_a of_o king_n first_o yet_o live_v with_o that_o black_a mark_n of_o king-killing_a upon_o they_o be_v and_o be_v a_o judgement_n great_a than_o death_n itself_o as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o psalm_n 11._o slay_v they_o not_o lest_o my_o people_n forget_v it_o but_o scatter_v they_o abroad_o among_o the_o people_n and_o put_v they_o down_o o_o lord_n our_o defence_n and_o that_o be_v the_o judgement_n of_o cain_n who_o before_o his_o natural_a death_n some_o say_v be_v kill_v by_o lamech_v who_o shoot_v in_o a_o bush_n at_o
notwithstanding_o he_o inform_v we_o that_o this_o king_n william_n post_fw-la acquisitionem_fw-la angliae_fw-la after_o he_o have_v obtain_v and_o settle_v the_o kingdom_n in_o peace_n in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n concilio_n nobilium_fw-la baronum_fw-la suorum_fw-la by_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o nobility_n he_o cause_v to_o be_v summon_v throughout_o england_n the_o noble_n wiseman_n and_o such_o as_o be_v skilful_a in_o the_o law_n right_n and_o custom_n of_o england_n and_o elect_v twelve_o knight_n out_o of_o every_o county_n who_o be_v swear_v before_o the_o king_n to_o make_v a_o true_a collection_n of_o the_o say_a law_n and_o custom_n nihil_fw-la praetermittentes_fw-la nil_fw-la addentes_fw-la nil_fw-la praevaricando_fw-la mutantes_fw-la among_o these_o law_n we_o do_v not_o find_v murder_n punish_v with_o death_n it_o be_v so_o near_o the_o time_n of_o the_o dane_n and_o saxon_n it_o seem_v he_o make_v no_o violent_a alteration_n of_o their_o law_n but_o keep_v their_o custom_n of_o aestimatio_fw-la capitis_fw-la or_o corporal_a punishment_n we_o find_v among_o his_o law_n these_o word_n 126._o interdico_fw-la etiam_fw-la ne_fw-la quis_fw-la occidatur_fw-la vel_fw-la suspendatur_fw-la pro_fw-la aliqua_fw-la culpa_fw-la sed_fw-la eruantur_fw-la oculi_fw-la &_o abscindantur_fw-la testiculi_fw-la vel_fw-la pedes_fw-la vel_fw-la manus_fw-la itaquod_fw-la truncus_fw-la vivus_fw-la remaneat_fw-la in_o signum_fw-la proditionis_fw-la &_o nequitiae_fw-la suae_fw-la 5._o i_o command_v that_o none_o be_v kill_v or_o hang_v for_o any_o offence_n but_o that_o his_o eye_n be_v put_v out_o and_o his_o testicle_n or_o foot_n or_o hand_n be_v cut_v off_o so_o that_o the_o trunk_n of_o his_o body_n may_v remain_v alive_a in_o token_n of_o his_o treason_n and_o wickedness_n any_o punishment_n then_o but_o loss_n of_o life_n and_o banishment_n for_o it_o be_v say_v among_o his_o law_n prohibeo_fw-la ut_fw-la nullus_fw-la vendat_fw-la hominem_fw-la extra_fw-la patriam_fw-la i_o forbid_v that_o any_o person_n be_v sell_v out_o of_o his_o country_n now_o although_o that_o these_o kind_n of_o punishment_n be_v not_o commensurate_a to_o the_o offence_n or_o to_o the_o law_n of_o god_n or_o to_o the_o law_n of_o england_n in_o case_n of_o murder_n there_o be_v not_o life_n for_o life_n yet_o who_o be_v there_o almost_o among_o the_o son_n of_o man_n that_o will_v not_o rather_o choose_v to_o be_v hang_v than_o to_o have_v his_o eye_n put_v out_o his_o testicle_n foot_n and_o hand_n cut_v off_o and_o to_o survive_v with_o such_o a_o brand_n of_o ignominy_n 17._o among_o the_o law_n of_o the_o conqueror_n in_o the_o title_n lex_fw-la murdrorum_fw-la it_o be_v there_o find_v if_o any_o be_v find_v murder_v the_o village_n in_o who_o he_o be_v so_o find_v be_v within_o eight_o day_n to_o deliver_v the_o murderer_n justiciae_fw-la regis_fw-la if_o he_o be_v not_o find_v within_o one_o month_n and_o a_o day_n the_o village_n be_v to_o pay_v forty_o mark_n if_o the_o village_n be_v not_o able_a than_o the_o hundred_o be_v to_o pay_v it_o and_o this_o money_n be_v to_o be_v seal_v up_o under_o the_o seal_n of_o a_o nobleman_n of_o the_o county_n and_o send_v into_o the_o exchequer_n there_o to_o remain_v a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n to_o the_o end_n that_o if_o the_o hundred_o or_o village_n can_v within_o a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n bring_v the_o body_n of_o the_o murderer_n to_o justice_n they_o shall_v have_v their_o money_n again_o if_o they_o can_v not_o within_o that_o time_n take_v he_o the_o parent_n of_o he_o that_o be_v murder_v shall_v have_v six_o mark_n and_o the_o king_n the_o rest_n if_o he_o have_v no_o parent_n than_o his_o lord_n or_o master_n shall_v have_v it_o if_o no_o lord_n or_o master_n than_o surety_n selagus_n ejus_fw-la i._n e._n fide_fw-la cum_fw-la eo_fw-la ligatus_fw-la that_o be_v his_o pledge_n or_o surety_n if_o he_o have_v none_o of_o these_o than_o the_o king_n shall_v have_v all_o the_o forty_o 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be_v of_o another_o judgement_n that_o it_o be_v capital_a if_o the_o king_n please_v whatever_o the_o punishment_n be_v you_o shall_v not_o read_v of_o any_o insurrection_n or_o rebellion_n before_o the_o conquest_n when_o the_o view_n of_o frankpledge_a and_o other_o ancient_a law_n of_o this_o realm_n be_v in_o their_o right_a use_n there_o be_v many_o that_o be_v full_a of_o sr._n moor_n be_v kindness_n and_o think_v it_o too_o much_o that_o a_o man_n shall_v lose_v his_o life_n for_o crime_n under_o murder_n as_o for_o theft_n etc._n etc._n but_o none_o so_o kind_a to_o a_o murderer_n for_o which_o ancient_o a_o loss_n of_o a_o hand_n eye_n leg_n or_o other_o member_n be_v in_o use_n yet_o the_o party_n take_v in_o the_o manner_n hand_n habend_n have_v the_o steal_a thing_n in_o his_o hand_n in_o his_o possession_n may_v be_v kill_v among_o the_o saxon_n he_o can_v not_o buy_v his_o crime_n out_o and_o the_o spanish_a condemn_v to_o the_o galley_n be_v think_v by_o some_o the_o 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may_v be_v extend_v to_o other_o as_o dangerous_o mischievous_a it_o be_v a_o hard_a dispute_n whether_o there_o be_v more_o mercy_n in_o death_n or_o put_v out_o of_o eye_n cut_v off_o leg_n arm_n etc._n etc._n or_o in_o the_o galley_n it_o be_v believe_v that_o the_o boldness_n and_o number_n of_o malefactor_n beget_v the_o law_n of_o death_n and_o those_o who_o death_n with_o so_o much_o infamy_n so_o often_o reiterated_a before_o their_o eye_n can_v fright_v will_v never_o think_v any_o torment_n whatsoever_o where_o life_n be_v leave_v they_o though_o with_o more_o misery_n than_o can_v be_v speak_v terrible_a it_o be_v well_o observe_v by_o the_o lo._n coke_n epilog_n that_o videbis_fw-la ea_fw-la saepe_fw-la committi_fw-la quae_fw-la saepe_fw-la vindicantur_fw-la those_o offence_n be_v often_o commit_v that_o be_v often_o punish_v and_o he_o give_v his_o reason_n for_o it_o that_o the_o frequency_n of_o the_o punishment_n make_v it_o so_o familiar_a as_o it_o be_v not_o fear_v for_o example_n
upon_o the_o country_n de_fw-fr bono_fw-mi &_o malo_fw-la the_o very_a word_n of_o the_o act_n and_o that_o be_v upon_o a_o jury_n of_o life_n and_o death_n and_o this_o he_o can_v do_v except_o the_o grand_a jury_n find_v the_o bill_n of_o indictment_n murder_n or_o manslaughter_n let_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n be_v what_o it_o will_v for_o if_o the_o grand_a jury_n shall_v but_o find_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o fact_n as_o it_o appear_v in_o evidence_n to_o they_o or_o from_o their_o own_o knowledge_n which_o be_v that_o which_o they_o now_o so_o much_o stand_v upon_o that_o be_v the_o very_a special_a matter_n that_o make_v it_o manslaughter_n by_o misfortune_n or_o se_fw-la defendendo_fw-la the_o party_n can_v never_o come_v to_o be_v arraign_v upon_o such_o a_o indictment_n for_o that_o be_v not_o felony_n and_o if_o he_o shall_v be_v charge_v with_o it_o the_o grand_a jury_n have_v only_o find_v the_o special_a matter_n in_o the_o indictment_n or_o inquisition_n the_o party_n must_v either_o plead_v guilty_a or_o not_o guilty_a either_o confess_v and_o justify_v the_o fact_n or_o deny_v it_o if_o he_o confess_v he_o can_v justify_v it_o for_o man_n life_n be_v so_o precious_a in_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o law_n that_o the_o death_n of_o a_o man_n can_v be_v justify_v except_o in_o course_n of_o justice_n in_o a_o lawful_a war_n or_o in_o a_o just_a defence_n of_o a_o man_n life_n and_o property_n against_o such_o as_o will_v rob_v or_o design_o murder_v he_o the_o defendant_n in_o appeal_n can_v justify_v the_o death_n of_o a_o man_n at_o his_o own_o suit_n 122._o se_fw-la defendendo_fw-la but_o must_v plead_v not_o guilty_a nay_o a_o verdict_n of_o the_o jury_n of_o life_n and_o death_n 302._o that_o a_o kill_v b_o se_fw-fr defendendo_fw-la or_o per_fw-la infortunium_fw-la 31._o be_v no_o good_a verdict_n the_o special_a matter_n must_v be_v set_v down_o in_o write_v by_o they_o that_o the_o court_n may_v judge_v the_o kill_v to_o be_v upon_o inevitable_a necessity_n neither_o grand_a jury_n that_o hear_v but_o one_o side_n nor_o jury_n of_o life_n and_o death_n that_o hear_v both_o side_n be_v judge_n in_o this_o case_n 165._o for_o upon_o the_o special_a matter_n find_v by_o the_o jury_n of_o life_n and_o death_n if_o the_o court_n shall_v not_o adjudge_v that_o special_a matter_n good_a in_o law_n to_o acquit_v he_o of_o murder_n or_o manslaughter_n it_o may_v be_v either_o murder_n or_o manslaughter_n in_o he_o and_o the_o party_n may_v be_v hang_v notwithstanding_o such_o verdict_n of_o the_o jury_n of_o life_n and_o death_n how_o can_v the_o court_n be_v judge_n of_o the_o matter_n in_o law_n when_o they_o hear_v not_o the_o matter_n in_o fact_n from_o the_o witness_n on_o both_o side_n and_o the_o party_n defence_n for_o himself_o which_o they_o can_v never_o do_v if_o the_o grand_a jury_n shall_v take_v upon_o they_o as_o they_o presume_v they_o may_v to_o find_v the_o special_a matter_n themselves_o whereby_o the_o party_n can_v be_v arraign_v that_o so_o he_o may_v put_v himself_o de_fw-mi bono_fw-mi &_o malo_fw-la super_fw-la patriam_fw-la as_o the_o statute_n of_o gloucester_n beforementioned_a especial_o require_v if_o the_o party_n charge_v with_o such_o a_o indictment_n from_o the_o grand_a jury_n where_o they_o will_v find_v only_o the_o special_a matter_n shall_v confess_v it_o when_o he_o be_v charge_v with_o it_o as_o sure_o he_o may_v than_o the_o evidence_n can_v never_o be_v hear_v in_o court_n whereby_o the_o judge_n may_v determine_v the_o point_n in_o law_n whether_o the_o offence_n upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n be_v murder_n or_o manslaughter_n or_o as_o they_o find_v it_o and_o that_o be_v mere_a matter_n of_o law_n whether_o super_fw-la totam_fw-la materiam_fw-la of_o the_o evidence_n and_o that_o must_v be_v evidence_n on_o both_o side_n it_o be_v murder_n manslaughter_n in_o general_n manslaughter_n upon_o the_o statute_n per_fw-la infortunium_fw-la se_fw-la defendendo_fw-la justifiable_a as_o against_o a_o thief_n or_o in_o loco_fw-la &_o tempore_fw-la belli_fw-la and_o how_o exceed_o dangerous_a and_o inconvenient_a be_v it_o for_o grand_a juror_n so_o far_o to_o anticipate_v the_o judgement_n of_o the_o court_n and_o to_o take_v upon_o themselves_o upon_o the_o hear_n only_o of_o witness_n on_o one_o side_n and_o perhaps_o not_o all_o of_o they_o neither_o the_o sole_a judgement_n of_o law_n in_o all_o these_o case_n by_o not_o find_v the_o indictment_n which_o be_v but_o the_o king_n declaration_n for_o the_o loss_n of_o his_o subject_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o it_o be_v advise_v by_o the_o king_n council_n ingross_v swear_v in_o court_n and_o deliver_v to_o they_o especial_o for_o that_o be_v always_o intend_v where_o they_o have_v probable_a evidence_n for_o they_o need_v no_o more_o to_o prove_v such_o a_o person_n kill_v by_o the_o hand_n of_o such_o a_o person_n such_o a_o day_n year_n and_o place_n nay_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o gloucester_n they_o must_v either_o find_v the_o indictment_n in_o such_o a_o case_n murder_n for_o all_o indictment_n about_o the_o kill_n of_o a_o man_n be_v so_o before_o that_o statute_n and_o no_o law_n since_o to_o alter_v it_o or_o the_o party_n can_v never_o have_v a_o certiorari_fw-la out_o of_o chancery_n for_o his_o pardon_n of_o course_n whereby_o he_o may_v be_v discharge_v out_o of_o prison_n for_o by_o the_o strictness_n of_o law_n he_o ought_v to_o remain_v in_o prison_n without_o bail_n until_o his_o pardon_n be_v procure_v which_o pardon_n save_v not_o his_o good_n or_o personal_a estate_n but_o only_o pardon_v his_o offence_n his_o violation_n of_o the_o king_n peace_n which_o be_v violate_v in_o the_o loss_n of_o a_o subject_a according_a to_o the_o statute_n of_o gloucester_n and_o procure_v his_o liberty_n and_o discharge_v out_o of_o prison_n the_o word_n contain_v in_o the_o writ_n of_o certiorari_fw-la out_o of_o chancery_n in_o order_n to_o the_o obtain_n of_o a_o pardon_n of_o grace_n and_o remove_v the_o record_n into_o chancery_n that_o there_o the_o king_n may_v see_v by_o the_o record_n the_o truth_n and_o nature_n of_o the_o offence_n according_a to_o the_o statute_n of_o gloucester_n be_v well_o observe_v make_v it_o very_o plain_a that_o the_o special_a matter_n of_o fact_n must_v be_v find_v by_o the_o second_o jury_n the_o jury_n of_o life_n and_o death_n and_o which_o be_v so_o suggest_v in_o chancery_n before_o the_o issue_v forth_o of_o such_o writ_n as_o by_o the_o writ_n more_o full_o appear_v chancery_n viz._n quia_fw-la ut_fw-la accepimus_fw-la quòd_fw-la a._n b._n indictatus_fw-la &_o per_fw-la inquisitionem_fw-la patriae_fw-la compert_v extitisset_fw-la quod_fw-la idem_fw-la a_fw-la interfecit_fw-la predict_v c._n see_v def_n &_o non_fw-la per_fw-la feloniam_fw-la aut_fw-la malitiam_fw-la praecogitat_fw-la unde_fw-la dictus_fw-la a._n gaol_n nostr_n predict_v remiss_a est_fw-la ad_fw-la gratiam_fw-la nostram_fw-la jude_v expectand_v nos_fw-la ea_fw-la de_fw-la causa_fw-la super_fw-la tenor_n record_n &_o process_n inquisitionis_fw-la praed_fw-we certiorari_fw-la volentes_fw-la vobis_fw-la mandamus_fw-la quod_fw-la si_fw-la ita_fw-la est_fw-la tunc_fw-la tenor_n record_n pro_fw-la process_n predict_v cum_fw-la omnibus_fw-la ea_fw-la tangent_fw-la in_o cancel_v nostram_fw-la sub_fw-la sigillis_fw-la vestris_fw-la distincte_n &_o aperte_fw-la mittatis_fw-la observe_v how_o this_o ancient_a writ_n comply_v with_o and_o explain_v the_o statute_n of_o glouc._n in_o this_o case_n here_o be_v in_o it_o indictatus_fw-la that_o be_v by_o the_o grand_a jury_n and_o per_fw-la inquisitionem_fw-la patriae_fw-la compert_v exâ—itisset_fw-la that_o be_v the_o jury_n of_o life_n and_o death_n for_o that_o be_v the_o only_a trial_n in_o our_o law_n by_o the_o country_n per_fw-la patriam_fw-la and_o whoever_o be_v try_v by_o that_o jury_n posuit_fw-la se_fw-la de_fw-fr bono_fw-mi &_o malo_fw-la super_fw-la patriam_fw-la which_o must_v be_v for_o felony_n and_o murder_n the_o very_a word_n of_o the_o statute_n for_o this_o jury_n be_v to_o find_v in_o their_o writ_n that_o it_o be_v se_fw-la defendendo_fw-la &_o non_fw-la per_fw-la fellow_n aut_fw-la malitiam_fw-la praecogitat_fw-la as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o verdict_n and_o observe_v by_o the_o writ_n he_o be_v not_o to_o be_v discharge_v out_o of_o gaol_n before_o his_o pardon_n of_o course_n procure_v for_o it_o be_v in_o the_o writ_n gaol_n nostrae_fw-la praed_fw-we remiss_a est_fw-la it_o seem_v he_o be_v there_o before_o ad_fw-la gratiam_fw-la nostr_n inde_fw-la expectand_v etc._n etc._n and_o further_o observe_v the_o mandamus_fw-la in_o this_o writ_n si_fw-la ita_fw-la est_fw-la if_o it_o be_v so_o that_o the_o offence_n have_v receive_v such_o a_o trial_n by_o two_o jury_n then_o certify_v the_o record_n otherwise_o not_o and_o what_o judge_n that_o do_v not_o true_o understand_v this_o si_fw-la ita_fw-la est_fw-la which_o he_o can_v never_o true_o do_v from_o a_o grand_a jury_n will_v certify_v such_o a_o
a_o more_o diligent_a inquiry_n after_o such_o distinction_n and_o direction_n from_o the_o judge_n be_v much_o more_o proper_a for_o a_o jury_n of_o life_n and_o death_n when_o any_o question_n of_o blood_n come_v before_o they_o to_o be_v consider_v of_o and_o to_o be_v try_v and_o determine_v who_o have_v the_o only_a mean_n to_o do_v it_o by_o hear_v all_o party_n all_o evidence_n on_o both_o side_n as_o also_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o court_n as_o to_o the_o quality_n and_o nature_n of_o the_o offence_n to_o give_v they_o a_o true_a light_n to_o make_v a_o right_a distinction_n therein_o it_o be_v well_o say_v by_o a_o learned_a writer_n of_o the_o law_n indictment_n a_o indictment_n be_v a_o inquiry_n find_v some_o offence_n against_o the_o king_n it_o be_v the_o king_n action_n whereupon_o the_o party_n shall_v be_v arraign_v or_o put_v to_o answer_n by_o the_o king_n and_o try_v by_o another_o jury_n every_o strong_a suspicion_n of_o such_o a_o offence_n though_o it_o be_v in_o case_n of_o felony_n appear_v of_o record_n have_v the_o force_n of_o a_o indictment_n as_o in_o a_o action_n of_o trespass_n for_o good_n carry_v away_o if_o the_o defendant_n plead_v not_o guilty_a and_o be_v find_v guilty_a he_o be_v a_o felon_n etc._n etc._n indictment_n so_o in_o a_o appeal_n of_o murder_n if_o the_o plaintiff_n after_o declaration_n be_v nonsuit_n the_o king_n shall_v proceed_v upon_o that_o appeal_n as_o upon_o a_o indictment_n find_v so_o he._n and_o as_o it_o be_v in_o abridgement_n doctor_n and_o student_n the_o grand_a jury_n be_v only_o charge_v with_o the_o effect_n of_o the_o bill_n viz._n whether_o he_o be_v guilty_a of_o the_o felony_n or_o murder_n in_o the_o indictment_n within_o the_o shire_n and_o not_o whether_o he_o be_v guilty_a modo_fw-la &_o forma_fw-la as_o in_o the_o bill_n be_v specify_v and_o so_o when_o they_o say_v billa_z vera_fw-la they_o say_v true_o as_o they_o take_v the_o effect_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o be_v so_o it_o be_v 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the_o pen_n of_o that_o statute_n be_v there_o nothing_o else_o to_o be_v say_v in_o this_o argument_n how_o necessary_a it_o be_v that_o all_o indictment_n be_v make_v murder_n that_o be_v bring_v at_o the_o king_n suit_n within_o the_o year_n and_o day_n as_o the_o king_n by_o this_o statute_n be_v enable_v to_o do_v 1._o the_o word_n whereof_o be_v as_o follow_v and_o if_o it_o happen_v that_o any_o person_n name_v as_o principal_n or_o accessary_a be_v acquit_v of_o any_o such_o murder_n at_o the_o king_n suit_n within_o the_o year_n and_o the_o day_n that_o then_o the_o say_a justice_n shall_v not_o suffer_v he_o to_o go_v at_o large_a but_o either_o remit_v to_o gaol_n or_o bail_v he_o at_o discretion_n until_o the_o year_n and_o day_n be_v past_a and_o further_o in_o the_o say_a statute_n it_o be_v say_v if_o the_o murderer_n escape_v the_o town_n shall_v be_v amerce_v as_o also_o that_o the_o coroner_n shall_v return_v their_o inquisition_n before_o the_o justice_n of_o gaol-delivery_n and_o they_o shall_v proceed_v against_o such_o murderer_n and_o as_o it_o be_v before_o in_o the_o say_a statute_n the_o king_n shall_v not_o stay_v until_o the_o year_n and_o day_n be_v pass_v but_o proceed_v at_o any_o time_n after_o the_o murder_n commit_v so_o that_o prima_fw-la fancy_n the_o statute_n look_v upon_o all_o manslayer_n unlawful_o to_o be_v guilty_a of_o murder_n and_o so_o the_o indictment_n ought_v to_o be_v draw_v or_o they_o can_v be_v continue_v in_o gaol_n nor_o bail_v by_o this_o statute_n until_o the_o year_n and_o day_n be_v out_o nor_o the_o town_n amerce_v for_o such_o escape_n nor_o the_o offender_n proceed_v against_o by_o the_o king_n within_o the_o year_n and_o day_n
murder_n for_o the_o word_n conceal_v in_o the_o statute_n relate_v not_o to_o the_o body_n of_o the_o infant_n but_o the_o death_n of_o it_o the_o word_n be_v these_o shall_v so_o conceal_v the_o death_n thereof_o that_o it_o may_v not_o come_v to_o light_v that_o be_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o one_o witness_v at_o least_o whether_o it_o be_v bear_v alive_a or_o not_o but_o be_v conceal_v she_o shall_v suffer_v death_n as_o in_o case_n of_o murder_n if_o she_o can_v prove_v by_o one_o witness_v it_o be_v bear_v dead_a than_o her_o hide_v or_o bury_v it_o afterward_o will_v not_o be_v evidence_n against_o she_o to_o take_v away_o her_o life_n upon_o that_o statute_n these_o two_o statute_n create_v no_o new_a offence_n that_o be_v not_o felony_n and_o murder_n before_o 27._o but_o only_o take_v away_o clergy_n in_o those_o two_o case_n the_o one_o of_o sudden_a and_o desperate_a stab_a then_o frequent_o in_o use_n the_o other_o of_o lewd_a whore_n who_o have_v commit_v one_o sin_n to_o avoid_v their_o shame_n and_o the_o charge_n of_o a_o bastard_n will_v commit_v a_o great_a by_o trust_v to_o their_o own_o strength_n in_o their_o delivery_n that_o they_o may_v more_o private_o destroy_v the_o infant_n and_o yet_o avoid_v the_o danger_n of_o the_o law_n because_o in_o that_o case_n none_o for_o the_o king_n can_v prove_v the_o child_n bear_v alive_a and_o therefore_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o indict_v and_o convict_v she_o at_o the_o common_a law_n for_o murder_n although_o real_o and_o in_o truth_n it_o be_v so_o this_o statute_n make_v the_o supposition_n good_a for_o the_o king_n to_o the_o grand_a jury_n and_o jury_n of_o life_n and_o death_n and_o to_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o judge_n in_o point_n of_o law_n that_o the_o child_n suppose_v to_o be_v murder_v be_v bear_v forswear_v alive_a and_o by_o she_o murder_v in_o regard_n she_o be_v a_o lewd_a woman_n and_o contrary_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o honest_a and_o innocent_a woman_n who_o always_o desire_v help_n in_o their_o labour_n choose_v to_o be_v deliver_v alone_o this_o statute_n put_v the_o proof_n upon_o she_o if_o she_o will_v avoid_v so_o strong_a a_o presumption_n of_o murder_n to_o be_v sure_a to_o have_v one_o witness_v to_o prove_v the_o child_n be_v bear_v dead_a it_o be_v likewise_o strong_o presume_v that_o a_o woman_n without_o help_n of_o some_o other_o can_v be_v deliver_v of_o a_o child_n at_o full_a growth_n dead_a in_o the_o womb._n two_o remarkable_a case_n i_o have_v know_v in_o my_o time_n upon_o the_o say_a statute_n of_o 1_o jac._n in_o oxfordshire_n circuit_n the_o one_o in_o mr._n justice_n jones_n his_o time_n a_o learned_a judge_n that_o go_v sixteen_o year_n together_o that_o circuit_n where_o the_o case_n be_v a_o cunning_a desperate_a fellow_n have_v a_o intention_n to_o stab_v another_o person_n and_o yet_o to_o avoid_v come_v within_o the_o danger_n of_o that_o statute_n have_v to_o that_o purpose_n provide_v himself_o of_o a_o dagger_n naked_a in_o his_o pocket_n he_o be_v never_o know_v to_o wear_v any_o before_o come_v into_o a_o alehouse_n where_o the_o party_n be_v he_o intend_v to_o stab_v and_o at_o first_o come_v use_v very_o friendly_a language_n unto_o he_o but_o afterward_o all_o the_o provoke_a language_n he_o can_v to_o make_v the_o other_o strike_v he_o which_o the_o other_o no_o soon_o hold_v up_o his_o stick_n to_o have_v do_v but_o he_o stab_v he_o into_o the_o body_n with_o his_o dagger_n whereof_o he_o die_v no_o malice_n can_v be_v prove_v yet_o so_o much_o of_o his_o intention_n by_o his_o preparation_n and_o circumstance_n appear_v to_o design_n the_o stab_a of_o the_o other_o that_o it_o be_v adjudge_v to_o be_v within_o the_o meaning_n though_o not_o within_o the_o letter_n of_o the_o statute_n the_o lord_n chief_a baron_n davenport_n be_v the_o other_o judge_n of_o that_o circuit_n and_o he_o be_v deny_v his_o clergy_n and_o after_o judgement_n be_v execute_v it_o be_v then_o observe_v by_o the_o judge_n that_o immediate_o after_o the_o make_n of_o that_o statute_n many_o desperate_a fellow_n that_o can_v read_v as_o clark_n to_o those_o they_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o quarrel_v withal_o will_v use_v all_o mean_n to_o make_v they_o strike_v first_o and_o then_o sudden_o stab_v they_o and_o by_o this_o way_n avoid_v the_o say_a statute_n and_o become_v guilty_a only_o of_o a_o manslaughter_n at_o common_a law_n and_o so_o receive_v the_o benefit_n of_o clergy_n which_o the_o statute_n take_v away_o the_o other_o case_n be_v in_o the_o same_o circuit_n very_o late_o before_o mr._n justice_n pleas._n windham_n at_o the_o assize_n at_o worcester_n a_o little_a before_o his_o death_n where_o a_o father_n correct_v his_o son_n for_o some_o undutifulness_n he_o conceive_v in_o he_o have_v a_o knife_n in_o his_o hand_n be_v eat_v his_o dinner_n strike_v his_o son_n over_o the_o back_n with_o his_o knife_n and_o give_v he_o a_o stab_n whereof_o he_o die_v the_o judge_n apprehend_v this_o offence_n to_o be_v within_o the_o statute_n notwithstanding_o that_o exception_n in_o the_o statute_n of_o a_o father_n correct_v or_o chastise_v his_o child_n or_o servant_n in_o regard_n it_o be_v a_o unreasonable_a way_n and_o mean_n of_o correction_n whereupon_o he_o reprieve_v the_o father_n for_o some_o short_a time_n and_o advise_v with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o judge_n at_o sergeant_n inn_n and_o after_o he_o have_v their_o opinion_n that_o it_o be_v within_o the_o statute_n he_o forthwith_o send_v down_o a_o warrant_n to_o the_o sheriff_n to_o do_v execution_n have_v receive_v judgement_n of_o death_n at_o the_o assize_n and_o yet_o the_o word_n of_o the_o say_a act_n of_o parliament_n be_v although_o his_o son_n or_o servant_n die_v of_o such_o correction_n he_o shall_v not_o be_v within_o the_o say_a act_n observe_v here_o how_o necessary_a it_o be_v that_o all_o the_o circumstance_n that_o can_v be_v in_o a_o offence_n of_o blood_n be_v put_v into_o a_o indictment_n and_o be_v so_o find_v by_o the_o grand_a jury_n as_o it_o be_v advise_v by_o the_o king_n counsel_n where_o there_o be_v innocent_a blood_n shed_v by_o the_o party_n indict_v that_o every_o part_n and_o circumstance_n of_o the_o fact_n with_o all_o its_o aggravation_n may_v come_v to_o be_v consider_v and_o weigh_v by_o the_o court_n which_o otherwise_o can_v be_v as_o in_o this_o case_n of_o the_o father_n kill_v his_o son_n if_o the_o indictment_n have_v not_o be_v draw_v upon_o the_o statute_n but_o at_o common_a law_n in_o regard_n of_o that_o exception_n in_o the_o statute_n as_o the_o grand_a jury_n than_o will_v have_v have_v it_o the_o party_n have_v be_v capable_a of_o clergy_n and_o so_o may_v have_v escape_v that_o judgement_n of_o death_n if_o such_o difficulty_n appear_v to_o the_o learned_a judge_n upon_o due_a consideration_n of_o the_o law_n and_o of_o all_o circumstance_n in_o case_n of_o blood_n how_o much_o more_o will_v it_o prove_v difficult_a to_o grand_a juror_n and_o how_o little_a reason_n have_v they_o to_o expunge_v alter_v and_o obliterate_v circumstance_n of_o aggravation_n in_o such_o a_o indictment_n upon_o hear_v only_o of_o one_o side_n as_o they_o please_v and_o so_o prevent_v the_o judgement_n of_o the_o court_n therein_o take_v from_o they_o the_o power_n even_o to_o examine_v such_o a_o circumstance_n as_o may_v if_o true_o state_v and_o examine_v rule_v the_o whole_a case_n as_o before_o be_v observe_v in_o all_o the_o offence_n former_o mention_v where_o clergy_n be_v take_v away_o by_o those_o statute_n there_o be_v no_o new_a offence_n of_o felony_n or_o murder_n make_v that_o be_v not_o so_o before_o the_o make_n of_o those_o law_n as_o may_v be_v instance_a in_o murder_n robbery_n burglary_n sacrilege_n cut_v of_o purse_n steal_v of_o horse_n rape_n and_o the_o like_a but_o only_a clergy_n take_v away_o from_o the_o offender_n which_o be_v no_o more_o but_o the_o abusive_a bloody_a liberty_n of_o clerk_n in_o those_o time_n restrain_v as_o wilful_a murder_n where_o malice_n appear_v and_o other_o mix_v and_o simple_a felony_n which_o be_v then_o most_o rage_a and_o reign_v offence_n in_o the_o kingdom_n and_o cry_v out_o for_o a_o great_a remedy_n a_o strict_a law_n to_o be_v make_v against_o they_o as_o appear_v by_o the_o preamble_n of_o those_o statute_n that_o take_v away_o clergy_n in_o those_o special_a case_n that_o be_v murder_n and_o felony_n at_o the_o common_a law_n before_o from_o whence_o i_o conclude_v that_o the_o form_n of_o indictment_n of_o felony_n or_o so_o murder_n be_v no_o way_n direct_v to_o be_v alter_v by_o those_o statute_n that_o take_v away_o clergy_n but_o be_v to_o continue_v in_o the_o same_o form_n as_o they_o do_v before_o at_o the_o common_a law_n and_o i_o
be_o not_o of_o their_o opinion_n that_o the_o word_n ex_fw-la malitia_fw-la praecogitata_fw-la come_v into_o indictment_n immediate_o after_o the_o aforesaid_a statute_n of_o 23_o h._n 8._o 8._o certain_o there_o be_v murder_n commit_v and_o that_o frequent_o of_o malice_n forethought_a before_o the_o make_n of_o that_o statute_n and_o those_o murderer_n have_v their_o clergy_n also_o otherwise_o that_o statute_n have_v never_o be_v make_v to_o take_v it_o away_o if_o the_o grand_a juror_n shall_v say_v they_o will_v not_o find_v those_o word_n exit_fw-la malitia_fw-la praecogitata_fw-la put_v into_o the_o indictment_n except_o the_o malice_n be_v plain_o prove_v to_o they_o then_o farewell_n that_o distinction_n and_o inference_n of_o imply_v malice_n which_o the_o law_n make_v in_o many_o case_n and_o which_o otherwise_o can_v be_v make_v they_o may_v as_o well_o say_v that_o they_o will_v not_o find_v such_o word_n treason_n that_o be_v treasonable_a because_o no_o act_n of_o 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it_o after_o it_o be_v do_v yet_o if_o the_o will_n in_o any_o part_n of_o the_o act_n be_v criminous_a it_o make_v the_o offender_n in_o our_o law_n in_o case_n of_o blood_n guilty_a of_o the_o whole_a fact_n with_o all_o the_o obliquity_n and_o evil_n in_o it_o as_o if_o a_o man_n intend_v only_o to_o beat_v another_o 350._o to_o strike_v he_o but_o not_o to_o kill_v he_o and_o the_o party_n die_v of_o the_o stroke_n it_o may_v be_v murder_n in_o he_o that_o give_v the_o stroke_n a._n so_o if_o three_o man_n come_v to_o make_v a_o disseisin_n and_o one_o of_o the_o three_o kill_v a_o man_n the_o other_o two_o person_n be_v guilty_a as_o principal_n in_o the_o murder_n although_o they_o neither_o consent_n to_o it_o will_v it_o or_o strike_v the_o party_n nor_o come_v with_o that_o intent_n but_o only_o be_v in_o company_n to_o have_v do_v another_o act._n so_o if_o one_o 474._o to_o kill_v his_o wife_n give_v she_o lie_v sick_a poison_n in_o a_o roast_a apple_n and_o she_o eat_v a_o little_a of_o it_o give_v the_o rest_n to_o a_o little_a child_n of_o they_o which_o the_o husband_n lest_o he_o shall_v be_v suspect_v suffer_v the_o child_n to_o eat_v who_o die_v of_o the_o same_o poison_n this_o be_v murder_n though_o the_o wife_n recover_v for_o the_o poison_n minister_v upon_o malice_n prepense_a to_o one_o which_o by_o a_o contingency_n procure_v the_o death_n of_o another_o who_o he_o mean_v not_o to_o kill_v nor_o bear_v any_o malice_n to_o shall_v be_v as_o great_a a_o offence_n as_o if_o it_o have_v take_v the_o effect_n which_o he_o mean_v proceed_v from_o a_o naughty_a and_o malicious_a intent_n so_o where_o two_o man_n combat_v together_o upon_o the_o evil_a and_o provoke_a word_n of_o a_o woman_n and_o the_o one_o kill_v the_o other_o the_o woman_n in_o this_o case_n be_v arraign_v of_o the_o death_n of_o he_o that_o be_v kill_v and_o in_o this_o case_n the_o grand_a juror_n find_v it_o murder_n so_o if_o a_o ignorant_a person_n take_v upon_o he_o to_o give_v physic_n to_o one_o that_o be_v not_o well_o and_o through_o his_o ignorance_n administer_v that_o unto_o he_o that_o apparent_o kill_v he_o this_o be_v murder_n and_o so_o it_o may_v be_v instance_a in_o many_o similar_v case_n which_o be_v not_o to_o be_v dispute_v by_o grand_a juror_n but_o present_v by_o they_o in_o re_fw-mi forma_fw-la as_o the_o indictment_n be_v advise_v by_o the_o king_n council_n and_o come_v to_o their_o hand_n where_o they_o find_v as_o before_o be_v say_v a_o criminous_a party_n in_o the_o indictment_n and_o a_o body_n find_v of_o a_o reasonable_a creature_n certain_o or_o probable_o kill_v by_o he_o although_o the_o evidence_n be_v not_o express_v to_o every_o circumstance_n of_o aggravation_n as_o it_o be_v lay_v down_o in_o
the_o indictment_n whereby_o to_o bring_v the_o party_n and_o his_o offence_n of_o blood_n to_o a_o full_a trial_n by_o a_o second_o jury_n which_o otherwise_o can_v never_o be_v do_v neither_o the_o law_n therein_o know_v from_o the_o court_n in_o such_o a_o case_n beside_o many_o other_o inconvenience_n and_o doubt_n may_v arise_v where_o the_o grand_a jury_n find_v the_o bill_n of_o indictment_n only_a manslaughter_n which_o by_o find_v of_o it_o murder_n will_v be_v prevent_v as_o in_o challenge_v upon_o his_o trial_n above_o the_o number_n of_o twenty_o juror_n the_o statute_n of_o the_o 22_o h._n 217._o 8._o c._n 14._o reduce_v peremptory_a challenge_n upon_o a_o indictment_n or_o appeal_n which_o at_o the_o common_a law_n be_v allow_v to_o the_o prisoner_n to_o challenge_v thirty_o five_o juror_n which_o be_v under_o the_o number_n of_o three_o juror_n this_o statute_n so_o provide_v that_o a_o prisoner_n shall_v not_o now_o in_o petit_fw-fr treason_n murder_n and_o felony_n challenge_v above_o twenty_o juror_n without_o show_v cause_n and_o in_o case_n of_o treason_n and_o misprision_n of_o high_a treason_n it_o be_v take_v away_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o 33_o h._n mar._n 8._o but_o now_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o 1_o &_o 2_o phil._n &_o mar._n the_o common_a law_n be_v revive_v for_o any_o treason_n the_o prisoner_n shall_v have_v his_o challenge_n to_o the_o number_n of_o 35_o and_o so_o it_o be_v resolve_v by_o all_o the_o justice_n upon_o conference_n between_o they_o in_o the_o case_n of_o sir_n walter_n raleigh_n and_o geo._n r._n brooks_n by_o this_o statute_n it_o be_v plain_a that_o if_o one_o be_v indict_v or_o appeal_v for_o murder_n and_o challenge_v above_o the_o number_n of_o twenty_o juror_n peremptory_o without_o show_v cause_n it_o shall_v be_v a_o conviction_n of_o the_o offence_n and_o capital_a but_o it_o be_v a_o great_a quaere_fw-la whether_o he_o that_o be_v indict_v or_o appeal_v only_o for_o manslaughter_n which_o be_v not_o 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have_v have_v their_o clergy_n as_o the_o act_n seem_v to_o imply_v otherwise_o it_o have_v not_o take_v clergy_n away_o in_o those_o case_n the_o judgement_n of_o pain_n for_o it_o &_o dure_v that_o be_v pain_v grievous_a and_o durable_a be_v not_o at_o the_o common_a law_n but_o ordain_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o west_n 1._o make_v anno_fw-la 3_o ed._n 1._o whereby_o it_o be_v enact_v that_o notorious_a felon_n open_o know_v of_o evil_a name_n who_o will_v not_o put_v themselves_o upon_o inquest_n of_o felony_n which_o man_n do_v prosecute_v at_o the_o king_n suit_n shall_v be_v put_v in_o hard_a and_o strong_a prison_n as_o they_o which_o refuse_v to_o be_v try_v by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n but_o this_o be_v not_o to_o be_v intend_v of_o prisoner_n which_o be_v take_v of_o light_a suspicion_n by_o which_o statute_n it_o do_v appear_v that_o none_o shall_v be_v judge_v to_o this_o pain_n if_o there_o be_v not_o evident_a or_o probable_a matter_n to_o convince_v he_o of_o the_o offence_n whereof_o he_o be_v arraign_v or_o otherwise_o 211._o that_o he_o be_v a_o notable_a thief_n or_o open_o know_v to_o be_v of_o evil_a name_n which_o the_o judge_n ought_v strict_o to_o examine_v before_o he_o proceed_v to_o this_o judgement_n against_o he_o it_o will_v be_v very_o hard_o which_o the_o law_n be_v never_o in_o favorem_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la to_o extend_v this_o statute_n to_o manslaughter_n which_o may_v be_v sudden_o commit_v by_o one_o of_o good_a name_n and_o fame_n and_o not_o a_o notorious_a thief_n as_o this_o act_n mention_n and_o yet_o may_v have_v a_o obstinate_a humour_n to_o refuse_v trial_n challenge_v peremptory_o and_o make_v indirect_a pleas._n it_o be_v the_o severe_a judgement_n that_o i_o know_v the_o law_n pass_v upon_o any_o offender_n and_o therefore_o not_o to_o be_v extend_v further_a than_o the_o plain_a understanding_n of_o the_o word_n of_o the_o act_n a_o sentence_n so_o severe_a that_o i_o think_v never_o english_a man_n as_o yet_o though_o many_o have_v be_v press_v to_o death_n have_v the_o heart_n to_o execute_v it_o according_a to_o the_o letter_n which_o sentence_n be_v as_o follow_v that_o the_o prisoner_n shall_v be_v send_v to_o the_o prison_n from_o whence_o he_o come_v 2._o and_o put_v into_o a_o mean_a house_n stop_v from_o light_n and_o there_o shall_v be_v lay_v upon_o the_o bare_a ground_n without_o any_o litter_n straw_n or_o other_o cover_n and_o without_o any_o garment_n about_o he_o save_v something_o to_o cover_v his_o privy_a member_n and_o that_o he_o shall_v lie_v upon_o his_o back_n and_o his_o head_n shall_v be_v cover_v and_o his_o foot_n bare_a and_o that_o one_o of_o his_o arm_n shall_v be_v draw_v with_o a_o cord_n to_o one_o side_n of_o the_o house_n and_o the_o other_o arm_n to_o the_o other_o side_n and_o that_o his_o leg_n shall_v be_v use_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o that_o upon_o his_o body_n shall_v be_v lay_v so_o much_o iron_n and_o stone_n as_o he_o can_v bear_v and_o more_o and_o that_o the_o first_o day_n after_o he_o shall_v have_v three_o morsel_n of_o barley-bread_n 19_o without_o any_o drink_n and_o the_o second_o day_n he_o shall_v drink_v so_o much_o as_o he_o can_v three_o time_n of_o the_o water_n which_o be_v next_o the_o prison-door_n save_v running-water_n without_o any_o bread_n and_o this_o shall_v be_v his_o diet_n until_o he_o die_v another_o inconvenience_n may_v arise_v where_o the_o party_n indict_v and_o arraign_v only_o of_o manslaughter_n shall_v plead_v a_o foreign_a plea_n of_o something_o do_v in_o another_o county_n to_o the_o delay_n of_o justice_n the_o statute_n of_o the_o 22_o h._n 8._o c._n 14._o only_a provide_v in_o case_n of_o petit_n treason_n murder_n or_o felony_n that_o foreign_a plea_n in_o those_o case_n shall_v be_v try_v before_o the_o same_o justice_n before_o who_o such_o person_n shall_v be_v arraign_v and_o by_o the_o same_o juror_n of_o the_o same_o county_n that_o shall_v try_v the_o petit_fw-fr treason_n murder_n or_o felony_n 27._o if_o a_o man_n be_v indict_v of_o treason_n he_o may_v plead_v a_o foreign_a plea_n which_o shall_v be_v try_v in_o another_o county_n otherwise_o in_o case_n of_o murder_n petit_fw-fr treason_n and_o felony_n another_o inconvenience_n may_v be_v upon_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 6_o h._n 6._o 8._o c._n 6._o by_o that_o statute_n the_o justice_n of_o the_o king_n bench_n be_v impower_v to_o remit_v the_o body_n of_o felon_n and_o murderer_n remove_v thither_o to_o be_v try_v in_o the_o county_n and_o their_o indictment_n remove_v into_o that_o court_n which_o before_o they_o can_v not_o do_v by_o the_o common_a law_n because_o a_o record_n that_o be_v once_o bring_v into_o the_o high_a court_n can_v not_o be_v remand_v to_o a_o inferior_a 157._o stamf._n fol._n 157._o this_o statute_n only_o provide_v in_o case_n of_o felony_n and_o murder_n not_o manslaughter_n the_o last_o inconvenience_n i_o shall_v mention_v though_o i_o can_v many_o more_o by_o reason_n of_o indictment_n of_o manslaughter_n will_v be_v in_o city_n and_o burrough_n and_o corporation_n that_o have_v power_n to_o try_v murder_n and_o felony_n the_o statute_n of_o the_o 23_o h._n 13._o 8._o c._n 13._o provide_v that_o in_o trial_n of_o murder_n and_o felony_n their_o proceed_n shall_v not_o stay_v as_o former_o or_o be_v delay_v by_o reason_n of_o challenge_n of_o such_o offender_n for_o lack_v of_o sufficiency_n of_o freehold_n to_o the_o great_a hindrance_n of_o justice_n but_o that_o if_o the_o juror_n be_v worth_a in_o monies_n and_o personal_a estate_n forty_o pound_n they_o shall_v not_o be_v challenge_v but_o admit_v it_o will_v be_v a_o very_a extort_a construction_n that_o upon_o this_o statute_n and_o the_o other_o before_o shall_v bring_v in_o manslaughter_n under_o the_o word_n felony_n conuerso_fw-la whatever_o
and_o unjust_o take_v away_o the_o life_n of_o another_o person_n to_o leave_v it_o as_o a_o entire_a fact_n of_o murder_n to_o the_o trial_n and_o verdict_n of_o the_o second_o jury_n to_o find_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o fact_n upon_o hear_v of_o both_o side_n and_o receive_v the_o judgement_n of_o the_o court_n in_o what_o species_n or_o degree_n of_o murder_n it_o be_v which_o likewise_o if_o any_o doubt_n or_o point_n of_o law_n arise_v in_o the_o case_n as_o many_o time_n it_o do_v they_o may_v find_v it_o special_o which_o a_o grand_a jury_n can_v and_o thereupon_o receive_v the_o opinion_n of_o all_o the_o judge_n of_o england_n murder_n be_v the_o genus_fw-la of_o the_o several_a species_n and_o in_o common_a acceptation_n he_o be_v account_v a_o murderer_n that_o kill_v any_o man_n or_o reasonable_a creature_n unlawful_o and_o the_o commandment_n be_v thou_o shall_v do_v no_o murder_n which_o certain_o comprehend_v all_o unlawful_a kill_n otherwise_o that_o command_n be_v not_o well_o translate_v from_o the_o text_n non_fw-la occides_fw-la thou_o shall_v not_o kill_v and_o in_o my_o own_o experience_n for_o above_o forty_o and_o five_o year_n in_o one_o circuit_n i_o have_v very_o often_o know_v many_o learned_a judge_n such_o as_o mr._n justice_n doderidge_n the_o lord_n chief_a baron_n davenport_n mr._n justice_n jones_n mr._n justice_n whitlock_n and_o many_o other_o often_o rebuke_v and_o reject_v the_o presentment_n of_o grand_a juror_n in_o case_n of_o blood_n and_o other_o felony_n where_o they_o have_v either_o vary_v from_o their_o evidence_n or_o from_o the_o law_n the_o judge_n before_o hand_n have_v receive_v some_o light_n of_o the_o nature_n and_o testimony_n of_o the_o fact_n from_o the_o information_n and_o examination_n therein_o deliver_v into_o the_o court_n by_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o coroner_n a_o very_a good_a rule_n for_o judge_n to_o observe_v and_o often_o either_o put_v it_o upon_o a_o open_a evidence_n in_o court_n which_o be_v very_o inconvenient_a or_o discharge_v they_o of_o such_o a_o bill_n and_o bind_v the_o witness_n over_o to_o the_o next_o assize_n which_o be_v also_o very_o inconvenient_a in_o regard_n witness_n may_v die_v or_o the_o prisoner_n may_v die_v and_o so_o the_o forfeiture_n be_v lose_v and_o the_o offence_n unpunished_a and_o in_o case_n of_o blood_n there_o will_v be_v too_o much_o opportunity_n give_v for_o compound_v and_o make_v a_o interest_n with_o the_o prosecutor_n and_o witness_n and_o in_o these_o modern_a time_n since_o the_o happy_a return_n of_o our_o most_o gracious_a sovereign_n king_n charles_n the_o second_o i_o have_v know_v several_a learned_a and_o pious_a judge_n some_o since_o dead_a other_o yet_o live_v and_o eminent_a upon_o the_o bench_n in_o oxfordshire_n circuit_n fine_a and_o imprison_v several_a grand_a juror_n for_o their_o miscarriage_n and_o misdemeanour_n in_o deliver_v in_o bill_n of_o manslaughter_n instead_o of_o bill_n of_o murder_n against_o the_o clear_a and_o positive_a direction_n of_o the_o court._n and_o this_o may_v serve_v for_o answer_v to_o the_o first_o objection_n from_o the_o liberty_n and_o affect_a practice_n of_o grand_a juror_n in_o find_v of_o bill_n in_o case_n of_o blood_n according_a to_o their_o own_o humour_n and_o apprehension_n to_o introduce_v a_o law_n that_o therefore_o they_o may_v find_v they_o as_o they_o please_v notwithstanding_o that_o the_o court_n advise_v and_o direct_v the_o draw_v of_o they_o murder_n to_o the_o second_o objection_n of_o mr._n justice_n stamford_n in_o the_o place_n before_o cite_v where_o he_o say_v that_o whereas_o the_o statute_n of_o glouc._n c._n 9_o say_v that_o he_o ought_v to_o put_v himself_o in_o a_o inquest_n de_fw-fr bono_fw-mi &_o malo_fw-la this_o be_v only_o intend_v say_v he_o when_o he_o be_v indict_v of_o murder_n or_o manslaughter_n and_o not_o where_o in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o indictment_n the_o special_a matter_n be_v find_v as_o if_o the_o grand_a jury_n may_v find_v especial_a verdict_n of_o per_fw-la infortunium_fw-la or_o se_fw-la defendendo_fw-la etc._n etc._n i_o answer_v to_o this_o objection_n certain_o mr._n justice_n stamford_n though_o a_o very_a learned_a man_n do_v well_o consider_v this_o matter_n and_o his_o opinion_n therein_o when_o he_o set_v it_o down_o for_o he_o inform_v you_o not_o what_o shall_v become_v of_o such_o a_o indictment_n where_o only_o the_o special_a matter_n be_v find_v by_o the_o grand_a jury_n whether_o the_o party_n may_v traverse_v it_o for_o it_o be_v but_o a_o trespass_n or_o confess_v it_o and_o so_o have_v his_o pardon_n of_o course_n upon_o such_o confession_n and_o then_o the_o judge_n that_o be_v to_o make_v the_o report_n or_o certificate_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o fact_n to_o the_o king_n in_o chancery_n must_v certify_v like_o blind_a and_o deaf_a man_n that_o never_o see_v or_o hear_v any_o thing_n of_o the_o merit_n of_o the_o cause_n nor_o understand_v any_o thing_n by_o evidence_n of_o the_o nature_n and_o circumstance_n of_o the_o fact_n like_o the_o lay-zealot_n must_v believe_v as_o the_o priest_n believe_v prefer_v obedience_n before_o truth_n but_o sure_o no_o prudent_a and_o pious_a judge_n will_v make_v such_o a_o blind_a certificate_n in_o case_n of_o blood_n beside_o whoever_o shall_v judicious_o and_o impartial_o compare_v and_o weigh_v the_o statute_n of_o marlebridge_n and_o the_o statute_n of_o gloucester_n together_o and_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o gloucester_n what_o mischief_n it_o be_v make_v to_o prevent_v and_o consider_v but_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n will_v never_o be_v of_o his_o opinion_n in_o this_o particular_a there_o be_v so_o little_a of_o reason_n or_o true_a meaning_n of_o either_o of_o those_o statute_n in_o it_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o marlebr_n be_v these_o murder_n from_o henceforth_o shall_v not_o be_v judge_v before_o our_o justice_n where_o it_o be_v find_v misfortune_n in_o the_o time_n of_o this_o statute_n it_o seem_v there_o be_v two_o jury_n the_o grand_a jury_n and_o the_o jury_n of_o life_n and_o death_n to_o present_v and_o try_v the_o offence_n of_o murder_n otherwise_o the_o justice_n can_v not_o judge_v of_o it_o they_o never_o pass_v judgement_n upon_o a_o grand_a jury_n presentment_n which_o by_o the_o way_n show_n that_o it_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o judge_n not_o the_o grand_a jury_n upon_o the_o examination_n of_o the_o cause_n in_o trial_n by_o the_o jury_n of_o life_n and_o death_n to_o judge_v of_o the_o nature_n and_o circumstance_n of_o murder_n and_o of_o what_o species_n or_o degree_n it_o be_v this_o statute_n of_o marlebridge_n do_v only_o declare_v a_o new_a law_n that_o where_o it_o be_v find_v per_fw-la infortunium_fw-la or_o se_fw-la defendendo_fw-la it_o shall_v not_o be_v felony_n and_o murder_n as_o it_o be_v before_o that_o statute_n but_o that_o the_o party_n in_o such_o case_n shall_v have_v upon_o certificate_n of_o the_o justice_n before_o who_o he_o be_v try_v his_o pardon_n of_o course_n happy_o then_o upon_o the_o presentment_n of_o the_o grand_a jury_n which_o may_v be_v the_o occasion_n of_o this_o erroneous_a opinion_n of_o this_o learned_a judge_n then_o come_v the_o statute_n of_o gloucester_n as_o if_o the_o other_o have_v not_o be_v true_o understand_v or_o at_o least_o have_v not_o sufficient_o provide_v for_o offence_n of_o blood_n and_o in_o plain_a word_n as_o before_o be_v mention_v command_v that_o he_o that_o kill_v a_o man_n by_o misfortune_n or_o in_o his_o own_o defence_n or_o in_o any_o other_o manner_n without_o felony_n shall_v be_v put_v in_o prison_n until_o the_o come_n of_o the_o justice_n in_o eyre_n or_o justice_n of_o goal-delivery_n and_o shall_v put_v himself_o upon_o the_o country_n for_o good_a and_o evil_n that_o be_v for_o life_n and_o death_n which_o can_v possible_o be_v understand_v where_o the_o grand_a jury_n find_v it_o but_o per_fw-la infortunium_fw-la or_o se_fw-la defendendo_fw-la etc._n etc._n for_o that_o be_v not_o felony_n and_o so_o can_v be_v arraign_v thereupon_o whereby_o to_o put_v himself_o the_o bono_fw-mi &_o malo_fw-la so_o as_o to_o bring_v the_o matter_n to_o issue_n between_o he_o and_o the_o king_n nor_o can_v the_o judge_n in_o that_o case_n as_o be_v say_v before_o make_v a_o true_a and_o right_a certificate_n of_o the_o offence_n and_o matter_n of_o fact_n which_o must_v be_v special_o and_o true_o certify_v according_a to_o law_n whereby_o to_o procure_v a_o pardon_n as_o that_o statute_n express_o require_v and_o if_o the_o party_n shall_v plead_v not_o guilty_a to_o that_o special_a matter_n find_v by_o the_o grand_a jury_n what_o can_v that_o signify_v as_o before_o have_v be_v show_v for_o the_o jury_n that_o be_v charge_v with_o such_o indictment_n must_v either_o find_v the_o party_n guilty_a in_o special_a manner_n as_o it_o
be_v find_v before_o by_o the_o grand_a jury_n and_o that_o make_v too_o special_o verdict_n or_o else_o general_o not_o guilty_a if_o they_o find_v he_o guilty_a of_o the_o special_a matter_n as_o the_o grand_a jury_n find_v before_o they_o and_o the_o judge_n and_o court_n shall_v afterward_o adjudge_v as_o they_o may_v have_v hear_v the_o evidence_n that_o super_fw-la totam_fw-la materiam_fw-la it_o be_v either_o murder_n or_o manslaughter_n then_o no_o judgement_n of_o death_n or_o clergy_n can_v be_v give_v upon_o that_o indictment_n or_o verdict_n but_o all_o must_v be_v try_v over_o again_o and_o a_o new_a circuit_n of_o business_n upon_o a_o second_o indictment_n of_o murder_n or_o manslaughter_n and_o how_o dilatory_a and_o idle_a will_v this_o be_v at_o a_o assize_n in_o course_n of_o justice_n and_o in_o case_n of_o blood_n if_o judge_n stamford_n be_v alive_a again_o although_o a_o person_n of_o great_a learning_n and_o judgement_n he_o will_v sure_o with_o some_o other_o error_n in_o that_o book_n recant_v this_o neither_o be_v it_o of_o any_o advantage_n to_o the_o prisoner_n to_o have_v it_o find_v special_o by_o the_o grand_a jury_n for_o he_o can_v never_o plead_v either_o such_o a_o acquittal_n or_o conviction_n in_o bar_n to_o a_o indictment_n of_o murder_n or_o manslaughter_n in_o the_o same_o case_n as_o before_o be_v show_v and_o whoever_o shall_v read_v and_o well_o consider_v this_o seven_o chapter_n write_v by_o judge_n stamford_n in_o the_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n wherein_o this_o opinion_n be_v especial_o towards_o the_o end_n of_o it_o when_o he_o come_v to_o observe_v the_o letter_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o gloucester_n and_o how_o the_o certificate_n of_o such_o a_o pardon_n of_o course_n shall_v be_v obtain_v must_v of_o necessity_n hold_v his_o first_o opinion_n in_o that_o chapter_n for_o the_o special_a matter_n to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o indictment_n to_o be_v very_o inconsiderate_o express_v for_o the_o reason_n aforesaid_a and_o why_o may_v not_o this_o learned_a judge_n for_o humanum_fw-la est_fw-la errare_fw-la mistake_v in_o this_o as_o in_o some_o other_o opinion_n in_o that_o book_n of_o his_o style_v the_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n for_o which_o he_o be_v detect_v by_o the_o lo._n coke_n and_o other_o that_o follow_v he_o who_o stand_v upon_o his_o shoulder_n must_v needs_o see_v far_o than_o he_o do_v or_o can_v as_o to_o instance_n in_o some_o few_o as_o first_o 6._o that_o respite_n of_o execution_n where_o a_o woman_n be_v priviment_n enfent_n where_o a_o woman_n after_o judgement_n plead_v her_o belly_n shall_v be_v grant_v only_o say_v he_o in_o felony_n whereas_o it_o be_v grantable_a both_o in_o high_a treason_n and_o petit_fw-la treason_n 18._o a_o second_o be_v 52._o that_o the_o year_n and_o the_o day_n after_o the_o murder_n and_o homicide_n commit_v shall_v be_v account_v after_o the_o blow_n give_v or_o poison_v administer_v whereas_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v account_v after_o the_o death_n 53._o for_o then_o the_o party_n be_v murder_v and_o not_o after_o the_o stroke_n or_o poison_v give_v coke_n lib._n 4._o fol._n 41_o 42._o in_o heydon_n case_n a_o three_o observe_v by_o the_o lord_n coke_n write_v upon_o the_o statute_n 8_o h._n 6._o c._n 12._o which_o make_v it_o felony_n to_o steal_v away_o record_n upon_o these_o word_n in_o the_o say_a statute_n their_o procurer_n counsellor_n and_o abettor_n say_v this_o act_n express_o extend_v to_o accessary_n before_o and_o leave_v accessary_n after_o to_o the_o construction_n of_o law_n rep._n yet_o there_o may_v be_v accessary_n after_o the_o fact_n for_o whensoever_o a_o offence_n be_v make_v a_o felony_n by_o act_n of_o parliament_n there_o shall_v be_v accessary_n to_o it_o both_o before_o and_o after_o as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v a_o felony_n by_o the_o common_a law_n and_o therefore_o though_o this_o act_n express_v only_a accessary_n before_o yet_o it_o take_v not_o away_o accessary_n after_o but_o leave_v they_o to_o the_o law_n contrary_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o mr._n 160._o justice_n stamford_n and_o again_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 8_o h._n 29._o 6._o c._n 29._o insufficiency_n or_o want_n of_o freehold_n be_v no_o cause_n of_o challenge_n to_o alien_n who_o be_v impanel_v with_o alien_n notwithstanding_o mr._n 160._o justice_n stamford_n opinion_n pl._n coron_n 160._o for_o this_o statute_n say_v that_o the_o statute_n 2_o h._n 3._o 5._o c._n 3._o shall_v extend_v only_o to_o inquest_n betwixt_o denizen_n and_o denizen_n but_o enough_o and_o perhaps_o too_o much_o have_v be_v say_v in_o mention_v the_o mistake_n of_o that_o reverend_n and_o learned_a judge_n sr._n pleas._n william_n stamford_n in_o that_o book_n of_o his_o term_a placita_fw-la coronae_fw-la plea_n of_o the_o crown_n which_o it_o seem_v by_o the_o title_n of_o it_o have_v be_v correct_v amend_v and_o enlarge_v since_o the_o first_o impression_n of_o it_o which_o i_o have_v not_o urge_v in_o the_o least_o to_o detract_v from_o the_o learning_n and_o honour_n of_o that_o great_a and_o learned_a judge_n or_o from_o the_o value_n of_o that_o book_n which_o notwithstanding_o there_o may_v be_v a_o few_o mistake_v find_v in_o it_o yet_o be_v of_o as_o high_a esteem_n as_o any_o book_n of_o the_o law_n extant_a upon_o that_o subject_a but_o principal_o to_o show_v that_o he_o may_v as_o well_o err_v in_o his_o opinion_n concern_v grand_a juror_n find_v the_o special_a matter_n as_o in_o those_o mention_v and_o that_o no_o human_a author_n in_o the_o law_n or_o any_o other_o science_n be_v infallible_a and_o that_o we_o must_v be_v very_o careful_a how_o we_o ground_n any_o law_n upon_o the_o bare_a opinion_n of_o any_o one_o or_o two_o person_n though_o of_o never_o so_o great_a part_n or_o esteem_n whereby_o to_o justify_v or_o maintain_v a_o great_a inconvenience_n in_o practice_n especial_o in_o case_n of_o blood_n as_o before_o have_v be_v show_v finis_fw-la duellum_fw-la quasi_fw-la duorum_fw-la bellum_fw-la do_v without_o authority_n be_v a_o war_n against_o authority_n that_o which_o the_o victor_n think_v to_o be_v his_o honour_n prove_v his_o dishonour_n his_o life_n his_o land_n and_o good_n be_v by_o law_n forfeit_v and_o his_o blood_n corrupt_v infoelix_fw-la pugna_fw-la ubi_fw-la majus_fw-la periculum_fw-la incumbit_fw-la victori_fw-la quam_fw-la victo_fw-la victo_fw-la the_o oath_n of_o a_o grand_a juror_n stamf._n fol._n 36._o 27._o lib._n ass_n murdrum_n de_fw-fr caetero_fw-la non_fw-la adjudicetur_fw-la coram_fw-la justiciar_fw-la ubi_fw-la infortunium_fw-la tantummodo_fw-la adjudicatum_fw-la est_fw-la sed_fw-la locum_fw-la habeat_fw-la murdrum_n de_fw-la interfectis_fw-la per_fw-la feloniam_fw-la tantum_fw-la &_o non_fw-la aliter_fw-la statut._n de_fw-fr marlebridge_n 52_o h._n 3._o c._n 26._o 26._o utramque_fw-la partem_fw-la ni_fw-fr audias_fw-la ne_fw-la judices_fw-la qui_fw-la judicat_fw-la aliquid_fw-la parte_fw-la inaudita_fw-la altera_fw-la licet_fw-la aequum_fw-la judicaret_fw-la haud_fw-la aequus_fw-la est_fw-la yet_o grand_a juror_n take_v themselves_o to_o be_v judge_n of_o the_o fact_n fact_n if_o he_o have_v council_n he_o must_v pray_v it_o before_o he_o plead_v not_o guilty_a he_o can_v after_o 3._o inst_n fol._n 129._o 129._o and_o that_o be_v one_o reason_n why_o regular_o he_o can_v have_v council_n the_o second_o reason_n be_v the_o court_n ought_v to_o see_v the_o indictment_n trial_n and_o other_o proceed_n good_a in_o law_n lest_o by_o a_o erroneous_a judgement_n they_o attaint_v the_o prisoner_n 3._o inst._n 137._o fol._n 29._o secta_fw-la pacis_fw-la be_v by_o indictment_n which_o be_v the_o king_n suit_n and_o as_o it_o be_v his_o declaration_n the_o king_n former_o do_v not_o pardon_v homicidium_fw-la but_o sectam_fw-la pacis_fw-la nostrae_fw-la quae_fw-la ad_fw-la nos_fw-la pertinet_fw-la de_fw-la homicidiis_fw-la 3._o inst_n fol._n 235._o 235._o 25_o e._n 3._o 4._o 5_o e._n 3._o 9_o 42_o e._n 3._o 3_o vit._n abbot_n st._n alban_n 143._o 143._o 37_o e._n 3._o 18._o 18._o cook_n 3._o inst_n tit._n indict_v 136._o 136._o except_o by_o utlawry_n utlawry_n no_o peer_n or_o subject_a can_v be_v convict_v by_o verdict_n but_o the_o offence_n must_v be_v find_v by_o twenty_o four_o four_o it_o be_v not_o sufficient_a that_o they_o dwell_v in_o the_o county_n but_o they_o be_v to_o be_v of_o the_o neighbourhood_n nay_o le_fw-fr plus_fw-fr procheines_fw-fr to_o the_o place_n of_o the_o fact_n as_o by_o artic._n super_fw-la cap._n 9_o it_o be_v appoint_v they_o must_v he_o most_o near_o most_o sufficient_a and_o least_o suspicious_a ibid._n ibid._n the_o king_n jury_n jury_n jus_fw-la à _fw-la jovis_n nomine_fw-la jus_fw-la qu._n jovis_n os_fw-la omne_fw-la enim_fw-la jus_fw-la &_o justitia_fw-la à _fw-la deo_fw-la est_fw-la est_fw-la v_o statut._n 3_o ed._n 1._o c._n 11._o forasmuch_o as_o many_o be_v indict_v of_o murder_n and_o culpable_a of_o the_o same_o by_o favourable_a inquest_n take_v by_o the_o sheriff_n and_o by_o the_o king_n
dier_n 59_o 59_o jurato_fw-la creditur_fw-la in_o judicio_fw-la and_o to_o say_v the_o truth_n say_v the_o lord_n coke_n we_o never_o read_v in_o any_o act_n of_o parliament_n ancient_a author_n book-case_n or_o record_n that_o in_o criminal_a case_n the_o party_n accuse_v shall_v not_o have_v witness_n swear_v for_o he_o and_o therefore_o there_o be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o scintilla_fw-la juris_fw-la against_o it_o cok._n 3_o inst_n fol._n 79._o finch_n 25._o case_n of_o presentment_n and_o indictment_n indictment_n in_o ancient_a time_n it_o be_v usual_a to_o arraign_v one_o take_v in_o the_o manner_n without_o any_o appeal_n or_o indictment_n indictment_n doctor_n &_o student_n lib._n 2._o cap._n abridgement_n 6_o e._n 1._o 9_o 3_o h._n 7._o c._n 1._o murder_n 3_o h._n 7._o c._n 1._o 3_o h._n 8._o 3_o h._n 7._o 11_o h._n 7._o c._n 3._o 3._o coke_n 3_o inst_n fol._n 26._o 1._o inst_n sect._n 194._o fortescue_n c._n 26._o 72._o stamford_n l._n 2._o fol._n 90._o 90._o the_o judge_n do_v advise_v in_o draw_v the_o indictment_n against_o leak_n 4_o jac._n coke_n 3_o inst_n tit._n treason_n fol._n 16._o 16._o bracton_n be_v order_n in_o le_fw-fr suspicion_n ou_fw-fr endictment_n del_o felon_n lib._n 3._o cap._n 22._o paragr_n 1._o fol._n 143._o stamf._n fol._n 97._o v_o mackally_n case_n li._n 9_o foe_n 67._o 67._o murder_n be_v a_o wilful_a kill_n of_o a_o man_n upon_o malice_n forethink_v but_o this_o must_v either_o be_v express_v in_o proof_n or_o imply_v by_o law_n it_o seem_v to_o come_v of_o the_o saxon_a word_n mordren_n which_o so_o signify_v and_o mordridus_n be_v the_o murderer_n even_o to_o this_o day_n among_o they_o in_o saxony_n from_o whence_o we_o have_v most_o of_o our_o word_n or_o it_o may_v be_v derive_v of_o mort_fw-fr est_fw-fr dire_fw-fr as_o mors_fw-la dira_fw-la term_n of_o the_o law_n title_n murder_n fol._n 207._o 207._o si_fw-mi sit_fw-la aliquis_fw-la qui_fw-la mulitrem_fw-la pregnantem_fw-la percusserit_fw-la si_fw-la puerperium_fw-la non_fw-la formatum_fw-la vil_fw-mi animatum_fw-la fuerit_fw-la &_o maximè_fw-la si_fw-la animatum_fw-la fecit_fw-la homicide_n stamf._n fol._n 12._o in_o this_o fol._n you_o shall_v find_v justice_n stamford_n use_v the_o word_n homicide_n &_o murdrum_n as_o signify_v the_o same_o v_o stamf._n fol._n 21._o c._n 13._o coke_n li._n 9_o foe_n 67._o 6._o in_o mackally_n case_n 3._o inst_n fol._n 57_o 3_o inst_n fol._n 56._o 22_o ed._n 3._o coron_n 263._o 263._o murder_n be_v interpretative_a in_o the_o law_n and_o not_o to_o be_v leave_v to_o grand_a juror_n opinion_n opinion_n aliquando_fw-la vero_fw-la clanculum_fw-la &_o nemine_fw-la vidente_fw-la ita_fw-la ut_fw-la sciri_fw-la non_fw-la possit_fw-la quid_fw-la sit_fw-la actum_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la homicidium_fw-la dici_fw-la poterit_fw-la murdrum_n stamf._n 6._o 1._o fol._n 12._o hales_n &_o petty_a case_n in_o his_o comment_n term_n of_o the_o law_n felony_n 160._o fol._n 4_o ed._n 1._o 2_o ed._n 6._o c._n 24._o 4_o h._n 7._o c._n 13._o 13._o when_o clergy_n begin_v appear_v not_o by_o any_o common_a law_n book_n it_o take_v its_o root_n from_o a_o constitution_n of_o the_o pope_n that_o the_o priest_n shall_v not_o be_v accuse_v before_o a_o secular_a judge_n co._n magna_fw-la charta_fw-la 636._o it_o have_v be_v confirm_v by_o divers_a parliament_n and_o so_o favourable_o use_v by_o the_o temporal_a judge_n that_o it_o have_v be_v allow_v to_o all_o layman_n that_o can_v read_v which_o be_v more_o than_o the_o common_a law_n require_v stamford_n fol._n 123._o the_o first_o that_o mention_n this_o privilege_n at_o common_a law_n be_v bracton_n that_o write_v in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o three_o bracton_n lib._n 3._o fol._n 123._o the_o next_o be_v the_o statute_n of_o westm_n 3_o ed._n 1._o c._n 2._o by_o the_o pope_n constitution_n the_o privilege_n of_o clergy_n extend_v to_o all_o offence_n whatsoever_o and_o the_o prelate_n of_o england_n by_o colour_n thereof_o do_v claim_v the_o same_o as_o general_o vide_fw-la 9_o ed._n 2._o articuli_fw-la cleri_fw-la yet_o within_o this_o kingdom_n clergy_n be_v allow_v only_o in_o case_n of_o murder_n petty_a treason_n and_o felony_n not_o in_o treason_n against_o the_o king_n himself_o 23_o h._n 8._o c._n 1._o 1._o that_o be_v voluntary_a and_o of_o set_a purpose_n though_o it_o be_v do_v upon_o a_o sudden_a occasion_n for_o if_o it_o be_v voluntary_a the_o law_n imply_v malice_n coke_n 3_o inst_n fol._n 62._o 62._o within_o five_o year_n of_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o second_o there_o be_v above_o a_o 100_o murder_n by_o priest_n and_o man_n within_o holy_a order_n order_n the_o exemption_n of_o the_o clergy_n take_v away_o by_o the_o law_n of_o clarendon_n graft_n 1187._o cok._n lib._n 9_o 69._o blow_n com._n 101_o 22_o h._n 8._o c._n 19_o 22_o h._n 8._o c._n 14._o 25_o h._n 8._o c._n 3._o 28_o h._n 8._o c._n 1._o 32_o h._n 8._o c._n 3._o 1_o ed._n 6._o c._n 12._o poison_v murder_n although_o no_o malice_n be_v prove_v 2_o ed._n 6._o c._n 24._o cok._n l._n 9_o f._n 117._o 5_o ed._n 6._o c._n 9_o this_o be_v not_o much_o pertinent_a to_o this_o purpose_n but_o that_o it_o take_v away_o clergy_n and_o relate_v to_o several_a statute_n before_o mention_v concern_v murder_n 5_o ed._n 6._o 25_o h._n 8._o c._n 3._o 1_o ed._n 6._o c._n 12._o cok._n l._n 11._o f._n 31._o stat._n 2_o &_o 3_o p._n &_o m._n c._n 17._o stat._n 4_o &_o 5_o p._n &_o m._n c._n 4._o dier_n f._n 183_o 186._o cok._n i._n 11._o f._n 35._o 1_o jac._n c._n 8._o 21_o jac._n c._n 27._o 1_o jac._n c._n 8._o 21_o jac._n c._n 27._o 27._o note_v this_o here_o the_o grand_a jury_n find_v as_o it_o be_v lay_v in_o the_o indictment_n by_o the_o king_n counsel_n that_o the_o child_n be_v bear_v alive_a although_o they_o have_v not_o the_o least_o evidence_n for_o it_o and_o yet_o i_o trust_v they_o be_v not_o forswear_v forswear_v sir_n wadham_n windham_n kt._n one_o of_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o common_a pleas._n pleas._n the_o name_n of_o murder_n be_v not_o change_v but_o the_o law_n retain_v it_o continual_o for_o the_o heinousness_n of_o the_o crime_n stamford_n fol._n 19_o if_o not_o the_o name_n than_o not_o the_o word_n that_o make_v it_o so_o 23_o h._n 8._o stamf._n fol._n 17._o pl._n coron_n tit._n coron_n fitz._n v._o 15_o ed._n 2._o p._n 383._o vid._n tit._n memorat_fw-la p._n 331_o 350._o hales_n &_o petit_n case_n le_fw-fr com._n 261._o a._n 18_o el._n pl._n 474._o 22_o h._n 8._o c._n 14._o make_v perpetual_a by_o 32_o h._n 8._o 3._o brook_z challenge_v 217._o 33_o h._n 8._o 1_o 2_o ph._n &_o mar._n hil._n ja._n r._n stamford_n lib._n 2._o fol._n 149._o poulton_n de_fw-fr pace_n fol._n 211._o 4_o ed._n 4._o 11._o 14_o ed._n 4._o 7._o 6_o h._n 4._o 2._o no_o forfeiture_n but_o of_o good_n fit_n esch_n 19_o coke_n 3_o inst_n fol._n 27._o 6_o h._n 8._o c._n 6._o stamf._n fol._n 157._o 23_o h._n 8._o c._n 13._o every_o manslaughter_n be_v felony_n but_o not_o e_fw-la conuerso_fw-la 27_o h._n 8._o c._n 25._o 1_o 2_o ph._n &_o mar._n c._n 13._o 23_o h._n 8._o c._n 12._o kel_n fol._n 98._o 23_o h._n 8._o c._n 1._o stamf._n fol._n ult_n 6._o coke_n 3_o inst_n fol._n 18._o stamf._n pl._n cor._n 63._o 26_o ass_n p._n 52._o coke_n 3_o inst_n fol._n 53._o v_o 3_o &_o 4_o ph._n &_o mar._n justice_n dalison_n be_v rep._n stamf._n pl._n cor._n 160._o 8_o h._n 6._o c._n 29._o stamf._n pl._n cor._n 160._o 2_o h._n 5._o c._n 3._o sr._n w._n stamford_n kt._n one_o of_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o common_a pleas._n