against_o his_o body_n and_o the_o like_a and_o by_o this_o it_o appear_v what_o person_n be_v de_fw-fr jure_fw-la triable_a by_o the_o lord_n in_o parliament_n viz._n their_o peer_n only_o which_o bishop_n be_v not_o judgement_n in_o parliament_n for_o death_n have_v general_o be_v strict_o guide_v per_fw-la legem_fw-la terrae_fw-la i.e._n lex_n parliamenti_fw-la d._n 168._o the_o parliament_n have_v three_o power_n sir_n rob._n atkyns_n argument_n etc._n etc._n 36._o a_o legislative_a in_o respect_n of_o which_o they_o be_v call_v the_o three_o estate_n of_o the_o realm_n a_o judicial_a in_o respect_n of_o this_o it_o be_v call_v magna_fw-la curia_fw-la or_o the_o high_a court_n of_o parliament_n a_o counsel_v power_n hence_o it_o be_v call_v commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la regni_fw-la the_o parliament_n give_v law_n to_o the_o court_n of_o king's-bench_n id._n 49._o and_o to_o all_o other_o court_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v absurd_a and_o preposterous_a that_o it_o shall_v receive_v law_n from_o it_o and_o be_v subject_a to_o it_o the_o great_a be_v not_o judge_v of_o the_o less_o all_o the_o court_n of_o common_a law_n be_v guide_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a law_n id._n 50_o but_o the_o proceed_n of_o parliament_n be_v by_o quite_o another_o rule_n the_o matter_n in_o parliament_n be_v to_o be_v discuss_v and_o determine_v by_o the_o custom_n and_o usage_n of_o parliament_n and_o the_o course_n of_o parliament_n and_o neither_o by_o the_o civil_a nor_o the_o common_a law_n use_v in_o other_o court_n ibid._n the_o judge_n of_o all_o the_o court_n of_o common_a law_n in_o westminster_n be_v but_o assistant_n and_o attendant_n to_o the_o high_a court_n of_o parliament_n and_o shall_v the_o assistant_n judge_v of_o their_o superior_n the_o high_a court_n of_o parliament_n be_v the_o dernier_fw-fr refort_n ibid._n and_o this_o be_v general_o affirm_v and_o hold_v but_o it_o be_v not_o the_o last_o if_o what_o they_o do_v may_v yet_o again_o be_v examine_v and_o control_v because_o the_o high_a court_n of_o parliament_n proceed_v by_o a_o law_n peculiar_a to_o that_o high_a court_n id_fw-la 52._o which_o be_v call_v lex_n consuetudo_fw-la parliamenti_fw-la and_o not_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a law_n and_o consist_v in_o the_o custom_n usage_n and_o course_n of_o parliament_n no_o inferior_a court_n can_v for_o this_o very_a reason_n judge_n or_o determine_v of_o what_o be_v do_v in_o parliament_n or_o by_o the_o parliament_n a_o statute_n arc._n parl._n 85._o or_o act_n of_o parliament_n need_v not_o be_v proclaim_v for_o the_o parliament_n represent_v the_o body_n of_o the_o whole_a realm_n for_o there_o be_v knight_n and_o burgess_n of_o every_o county_n and_o town_n but_o otherwise_o where_o it_o be_v ordain_v by_o the_o act_n that_o it_o shall_v be_v proclaim_v a_o man_n attaint_v of_o felony_n id._n 100_o or_o treason_n shall_v not_o be_v restore_v in_o blood_n without_o parliament_n 28_o ed._n 1._o petyt_n appendix_n to_o miscel_v parliam_fw-la n._n 38._o a_o truce_n be_v conclude_v between_o the_o english_a and_o french_a by_o king_n edward_n ambassador_n who_o therein_o have_v dishonourable_o agree_v to_o include_v the_o scot_n the_o ambassador_n at_o the_o ensue_a parliament_n be_v sharp_o rebuke_v and_o correct_v not_o only_o by_o the_o king_n himself_o the_o prelate_n and_o noble_n but_o by_o the_o commons_o the_o court_n of_o parliament_n be_v the_o sanctuary_n turner_n case_n of_o banker_n 36._o whether_o the_o distress_a subject_n in_o his_o exigence_n flee_v for_o shelter_n and_o refuge_n and_o always_o find_v it_o into_o the_o sacred_a bosom_n of_o parliament_n it_o be_v ibid_fw-la vide_fw-la several_a precedent_n and_o record_n that_o they_o pour_v out_o their_o sigh_n and_o groan_n with_o constant_a success_n and_o when_o in_o case_n of_o high_a nature_n the_o common_a law_n be_v arrest_v and_o stop_v in_o her_o proceed_n parliament_n evermore_o run_v into_o their_o rescue_n and_o in_o dutiful_a way_n discharge_v those_o lock_n and_o bar_n which_o have_v be_v unjust_o fasten_v on_o the_o exchequer_n the_o right_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n stat._n prou._n 25_o ed._n 3._o rast_n stat._n 99_o and_o the_o law_n of_o the_o say_a realm_n be_v such_o that_o upon_o the_o mischief_n and_o damage_n which_o happen_v to_o the_o realm_n the_o king_n ought_v and_o be_v bind_v by_o his_o oath_n of_o the_o accord_n of_o his_o people_n in_o parliament_n thereof_o to_o make_v remedy_n etc._n etc._n to_o conclude_v this_o chapter_n le_fw-fr parliament_n ad_fw-la absolute_a poiar_n en_fw-fr tout_fw-fr case_n come_v a_o fair_a leys_n d'adjuge_a matter_n en_fw-fr ley_n a_o trier_n vie_fw-fr del_fw-it home_n a_o reverse_a error_n en_fw-fr bank_n le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr especialment_n lou_z est_fw-la ascun_fw-la commune_fw-la mischief_n que_fw-fr l'ordinary_a course_n deal_v ley_n n'ad_v ascun_fw-la mean_v a_o remedy_a en_fw-fr tiel_fw-fr case_n ceo_fw-la est_fw-la le_fw-fr proper_a court_n et_fw-la tont_n choses_fw-fr que_fw-fr ils_fw-fr font_n sont_fw-fr come_v judgement_n et_fw-fr si_fw-fr le_fw-fr parliament_n mesme_fw-fr err_v finche_n nomotecnia_n l._n 2._o c._n 1._o f._n 21._o 22._o come_v ill_a poet_n ceo_fw-la ne_fw-la poet_n estre_fw-fr reverse_n en_fw-fr ascun_fw-fr lieu_fw-fr forsque_fw-la en_fw-fr le_fw-fr parliament_n which_o because_o it_o be_v omit_v as_o several_a other_o thing_n be_v in_o the_o book_n translate_v into_o english_a i_o will_v thus_o give_v it_o the_o reader_n that_o do_v not_o understand_v french_a the_o parliament_n have_v absolute_a power_n in_o all_o case_n as_o to_o make_v law_n to_o adjudge_v matter_n in_o law_n to_o try_v man_n upon_o their_o life_n to_o reverse_v error_n in_o the_o king_n bench_n especial_o where_o there_o be_v any_o common_a mischief_n which_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o the_o law_n have_v not_o any_o mean_n to_o remedy_n in_o such_o case_n this_o be_v the_o proper_a court_n 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be_v discover_v and_o degrade_v from_o his_o knighthood_n and_o
lex_fw-la parliamentaria_fw-la or_o a_o treatise_n of_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o parliament_n just_o publish_v parliamentary_a and_o political_a tract_n write_v by_o sir_n robert_n atkins_n knight_n of_o the_o bath_n and_o late_o one_o of_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o court_n of_o common-plea_n contain_v i_o the_o power_n jurisdiction_n and_o privilege_n of_o parliament_n and_o the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o assert_v occasion_v by_o a_o information_n in_o the_o king's-bench_n by_o the_o atorney-general_n against_o the_o speaker_n of_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o ii_o a_o argument_n in_o the_o great_a case_n concern_v election_n of_o member_n to_o parliament_n between_o sir_n samuel_n barnardiston_n plaintiff_n and_o sir_n william_n soame_n sheriff_z of_o suffolk_z defendant_n in_o the_o court_n of_o king's-bench_n in_o a_o action_n upon_o the_o case_n and_o afterward_o by_o error_n sue_v in_o the_o exchequer-chamber_n iii_o a_o enquiry_n into_o the_o power_n 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lord_n mayor_n elect_a of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n at_o the_o time_n of_o his_o be_v swear_v in_o their_o majesty_n court_n of_o exchequer_n lex_fw-la parliamentaria_fw-la or_o a_o treatise_n of_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o parliament_n show_v their_o antiquity_n name_n kind_n and_o quality_n of_o the_o three_o estate_n and_o of_o the_o dignity_n and_o excellency_n of_o parliament_n their_o power_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o election_n of_o member_n of_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o in_o general_a their_o privilege_n qualification_n and_o duty_n of_o the_o elector_n and_o their_o right_n duty_n and_o manner_n of_o election_n of_o the_o return_v to_o parliament_n the_o sheriff_n and_o other_o officer_n duty_n therein_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o election_n of_o the_o speaker_n and_o of_o his_o business_n and_o duty_n of_o the_o manner_n of_o pass_a bill_n and_o the_o order_n to_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o of_o session_n of_o parliament_n as_o also_o of_o 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right_n or_o the_o subversion_n of_o the_o constitution_n brac_n p._n 34_o flet_n p._n 2.17_o vide_fw-la hic_fw-la p._n 89._o be_v the_o sense_n of_o this_o duty_n of_o parliament_n induce_v both_o bracton_n a_o eminent_a judge_n under_o king_n henry_n iii_o and_o fleta_n a_o learned_a lawyer_n in_o king_n edward_n i_n time_n to_o record_v this_o great_a duty_n of_o parliament_n to_o succeed_a age_n and_o from_o this_o very_a motive_n it_o be_v see_v the_o preface_n to_o privilegia_fw-la londini_fw-la p._n 6_o 7._o that_o our_o ancient_a parliament_n be_v so_o cautious_a as_o to_o oblige_v our_o king_n to_o swear_v at_o their_o coronation_n concedere_fw-la justas_fw-la leges_fw-la quas_fw-la vulgus_fw-la elegerit_fw-la that_o they_o will_v grant_v such_o just_a law_n as_o the_o common_a people_n shall_v choose_v see_v this_o oath_n admirable_o well_o explain_v in_o sadler_n right_n of_o the_o kingdom_n page_n 71_o 88_o 91._o etc._n etc._n from_o all_o which_o and_o much_o more_o that_o may_v be_v add_v i_o think_v it_o clear_o appear_v that_o both_o king_n and_o parliament_n lord_n and_o commons_o and_o all_o law_n of_o government_n whatsoever_o be_v in_o their_o first_o intention_n institute_v and_o ordain_v for_o the_o sole_a good_a and_o benefit_n of_o the_o people_n and_o wherever_o all_o or_o any_o of_o they_o be_v pervert_v from_o that_o view_n they_o lose_v the_o nature_n of_o their_o first_o intention_n and_o aught_o to_o receive_v a_o contrary_a denomination_n and_o from_o the_o forego_n particular_n i_o at_o present_a apprehend_v that_o the_o lex_fw-la parliamentaria_fw-la or_o fundamental_a law_n of_o government_n in_o this_o nation_n be_v not_o original_o found_v on_o any_o capitulation_n or_o compact_n between_o the_o king_n and_o the_o people_n as_o be_v usual_o do_v in_o contract_n of_o bargain_n and_o sales_n or_o other_o purchase_n for_o that_o will_v infer_v a_o separate_a interest_n between_o prince_n and_o people_n but_o who_o will_v say_v that_o a_o british_a monarch_n can_v by_o law_n have_v a_o distinct_a interest_n from_o his_o people_n also_o the_o mutual_a obligation_n that_o be_v establish_v between_o the_o prince_n and_o people_n by_o the_o law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n have_v lay_v a_o unsurmountable_a bar_n against_o any_o such_o capitulation_n or_o contract_a project_n for_o by_o the_o original_n and_o inherent_a nature_n of_o our_o government_n there_o be_v such_o amutual_a relation_n and_o political_a connection_n create_v between_o the_o king_n and_o his_o people_n as_o in_o that_o natural_a relation_n and_o connection_n between_o the_o head_n and_o the_o member_n of_o the_o body_n so_o that_o in_o neither_o instance_n can_v the_o head_n say_v to_o the_o member_n i_o have_v no_o need_n of_o you_o etc._n etc._n this_o mutual_a relation_n between_o prince_n and_o people_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v interweave_v in_o the_o fundamental_a be_v and_o impress_v in_o the_o very_a heart_n of_o our_o constitution_n etc._n etc._n the_o publisher_n here_o think_v fit_a to_o declare_v that_o this_o book_n have_v
near_o the_o time_n of_o our_o athelstane_n who_o law_n as_o well_o as_o those_o of_o ina_n etc._n etc._n be_v apparent_o derive_v from_o british_a pattern_n run_v thus_o hoelus_fw-la bone_fw-la rex_fw-la waltiae_fw-la convocavit_fw-la sextos_fw-la viros_fw-la ex_fw-la qualibet_fw-la centuria_fw-la ad_fw-la domum_fw-la albam_fw-la he_o erant_fw-la ex_fw-la sapientissimis_fw-la viris_fw-la regni_fw-la horum_fw-la sextorum_fw-la 4_o erant_fw-la laici_fw-la 2_o scholastici_fw-la advocabantur_fw-la autem_fw-la scholastici_fw-la ne_fw-la laici_fw-la quidquam_fw-la sacris_fw-la scripture_n contrarium_fw-la statuerent_fw-la etc._n etc._n tum_o communi_fw-la consilio_fw-la consensu_fw-la sapientes_fw-la illic_fw-la congregati_fw-la leges_fw-la veteres_fw-la inspexerunt_fw-la quod_fw-la durum_fw-la nimis_fw-la esse_fw-la videbatur_fw-la allevarunt_fw-la quod_fw-la nimis_fw-la leave_n fuit_fw-la aggravarunt_fw-la quasdam_fw-la ex_fw-la eye_n ut_fw-la prius_fw-la erant_fw-la reliquerunt_fw-la alius_fw-la emendarunt_fw-la alius_fw-la penitus_fw-la abrogarunt_fw-la alius_fw-la denique_fw-la de_fw-la novo_fw-la statuerunt_fw-la l._n l._n hoeli_fw-la p._n 5._o 7._o and_o last_o a_o curse_n be_v pronounce_v on_o that_o king_n or_o other_o person_n who_o shall_v attempt_v to_o change_v any_o of_o those_o law_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o a_o general_n and_o full_a council_n or_o parliament_n touch_v the_o saxon_a parliament_n antiq._n of_o parl._n p._n 4._o spelman_n in_o voice_fw-la wapentachia_n we_o may_v observe_v that_o at_o first_o all_o their_o council_n and_o parliamentary_a assembly_n whether_o they_o debate_v of_o peace_n or_o war_n be_v as_o caesar_n and_o tacitus_n observe_v of_o the_o german_n etc._n etc._n sub._n fremitu_fw-la armorum_fw-la their_o averseness_n at_o first_o to_o the_o briton_n and_o their_o custom_n consirm_v they_o in_o this_o practice_n selden_n epinomis_n 5_o 6._o till_o another_o species_n of_o christianity_n different_a from_o that_o of_o the_o briton_n be_v introduce_v among_o they_o when_o they_o soon_o apply_v themselves_o to_o more_o civilise_a assembly_n and_o the_o make_n of_o law_n only_a egbert_n king_n of_o kent_n and_o some_o of_o his_o successor_n be_v too_o much_o influence_v by_o austin_n the_o monk_n and_o other_o of_o his_o order_n give_v the_o clergy_n opportunity_n to_o usurp_v over_o the_o right_n and_o property_n of_o the_o laity_n and_o hence_o all_o the_o law_n of_o ethelbert_n wilkins_n ll._n saxon_n p._n 1._o to_o 14._o hlothair_n eadric_n and_o wihtred_a show_n a_o manifest_a partiality_n to_o churchman_n and_o indeed_o their_o general_a council_n or_o parliament_n seem_v to_o be_v compose_v only_o of_o ecclesiastic_o but_o after_o these_o ina_n the_o west_n saxon_a king_n be_v near_o of_o kin_n to_o cadwallader_n and_o of_o british_a as_o well_o as_o saxon_a blood_n seem_v to_o have_v establish_v a_o better_a plan_n of_o government_n and_o to_o have_v found_v his_o parliamentary_a assembly_n on_o a_o british_a pattern_n for_o the_o prolegomenon_n to_o his_o law_n run_v thus_o wilkins_n ll._n saxon_n p._n 14._o selden_n janus_n 93._o ego_fw-la ina_n dei_fw-la gratio_fw-la occiduorum_fw-la saxonum_n rex_fw-la consilio_fw-la doctrina_fw-la suasu_fw-la cenredae_fw-la patris_fw-la mei_fw-la heddae_fw-la episcopi_fw-la mei_fw-la eorkenwoldae_fw-la episcopi_fw-la mei_fw-la et_fw-la cum_fw-la omnibus_fw-la meis_fw-la senatoribus_fw-la senioribus_fw-la sapientibus_fw-la populi_n mei_fw-la etc._n etc._n so_o that_o his_o parliamentary_a assembly_n plain_o appear_v to_o have_v be_v compose_v of_o king_n lord_n and_o commons_o and_o as_o many_o of_o his_o law_n respect_v the_o briton_n as_o well_o as_o the_o saxon_n so_o his_o parliamentary_a assembly_n seem_v to_o consist_v of_o the_o representative_n of_o both_o people_n who_o he_o endeavour_v to_o unite_v in_o one_o body_n as_o for_o the_o law_n of_o king_n alfred_n see_v wilkins_n ibid._n p._n 34._o be_v evident_a from_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o first_o part_n or_o rather_o the_o introduction_n to_o the_o second_o that_o they_o be_v make_v in_o a_o general_n council_n or_o parliamentary_a assembly_n in_o imitation_n of_o the_o briton_n and_o here_o i_o beg_v leave_n to_o produce_v my_o authority_n which_o prove_v that_o this_o king_n as_o well_o as_o ina_n take_v the_o pattern_n of_o his_o law_n and_o government_n from_o the_o briton_n wilkins_n ut_fw-la supra_fw-la induce_v hereto_o as_o be_v probable_a by_o that_o relation_n in_o blood_n he_o bear_v to_o king_n ina_n who_o he_o style_v cognatus_fw-la meus_fw-la see_v the_o note_n on_o ll._n hoeli_fw-la p._n 4._o but_o more_o effectual_o by_o the_o advice_n and_o persuasion_n of_o asser_n menevensis_n who_o write_v his_o life_n be_v one_o of_o his_o chief_a counsellor_n and_o a_o briton_n bear_v the_o author_n of_o the_o life_n of_o king_n alfred_n life_n of_o alfred_n p._n 96._o 97._o 98_o etc._n etc._n say_v that_o he_o compile_v his_o law_n chief_o from_o those_o of_o the_o old_a and_o new_a testament_n and_o after_o those_o add_v several_a matter_n take_v from_o the_o law_n of_o the_o trojan_n greek_n hist_o jornalen_n ad_fw-la a._n d._n 1066._o britain_n &c._n &c._n and_o mention_n be_v make_v in_o the_o note_n thereon_o that_o he_o take_v diverse_a of_o his_o law_n from_o those_o of_o dunwallo_n molmutius_n a_o ancient_a british_n king_n and_o herewith_o ponticus_n virunnius_n agree_v pon._n vir._n l._n 3._o p._n 10._o who_o word_n be_v belinus_n habens_fw-la totius_fw-la britaniae_fw-la dominium_fw-la paternas_fw-la leges_fw-la i._n e._n molmutianas_n confirmavit_fw-la alius_fw-la statuit_fw-la quas_fw-la omnes_fw-la gildas_n historicus_fw-la convertit_fw-la in_o latinum_fw-la ib._n p._n 14._o rex_fw-la vero_fw-la alfredus_fw-la de_fw-fr latino_n in_o anglicum_fw-la sermonem_fw-la transtulit_fw-la see_v hygden_n polychron_n l._n 1._o c._n 50._o and_o afterward_o he_o say_v martia_n etiam_fw-la quae_fw-la fuit_fw-la uxor_fw-la regis_fw-la britonum_fw-la guitellini_n condidit_fw-la leges_fw-la quae_fw-la martiana_n lex_fw-la dicebatur_fw-la quas_fw-la rex_fw-la aluredus_fw-la inter_fw-la cetera_fw-la transtulit_fw-la in_o saxonicam_fw-la linguam_fw-la but_o more_o particular_o mr._n dugdale_n dugdal_n mon._n u._n 1._o p._n 32._o sub_fw-la ann._n s_o 2._o vide_fw-la ib._n p._n 40._o have_v from_o a_o ancient_a mrs._n give_v we_o this_o passage_n viz._n leges_fw-la britonum_fw-la rex_fw-la aluredus_fw-la transtulit_fw-la in_o anglicum_fw-la quae_fw-la tunc_fw-la dicebantur_fw-la leges_fw-la aluredi_fw-la multos_fw-la libros_fw-la transtulit_fw-la eodem_fw-la modo_fw-la iste_fw-la instituit_fw-la hundredos_fw-mi tythingas_fw-la these_o be_v know_v to_o be_v of_o british_a original_a sheringham_n p._n 125._o 126._o etc._n etc._n see_v also_o touch_v this_o matter_n sheringham_n de_fw-fr anglorum_fw-la gentis_fw-la origine_fw-la who_o further_o observe_v that_o many_o word_n introduce_v into_o the_o saxon_a and_o english_a law_n be_v of_o british_a original_a as_o murder_n denizon_n rout_n etc._n etc._n and_o hence_o the_o author_n of_o the_o note_n on_o the_o law_n of_o howel_n dha_n ll._n hoeli_fw-la p._n 4._o have_v just_o remark_v that_o alfred_n learn_v the_o partition_n of_o shire_n hundred_o etc._n etc._n from_o asser_n menevensis_fw-la a_o learned_a briton_n hollinshead_n also_o in_o his_o history_n hollinsh_fw-mi part_n 1._o p._n 15._o or_o chronicle_n speak_v of_o the_o law_n of_o dunwallo_n molmutius_n say_v that_o king_n alfred_n translate_v they_o into_o english_a and_o insert_v they_o in_o his_o body_n of_o law_n and_o mr._n taylor_n in_o his_o treatise_n of_o gavelkind_n hist_o gavelkind_a p._n 52._o 53._o n._n b._n ib._n p._n 49._o say_v that_o both_o ethelfred_n and_o alfred_n translate_v the_o welsh_a law_n and_o express_o affirm_v that_o the_o saxon_n have_v their_o law_n from_o the_o briton_n and_o if_o so_o we_o may_v well_o conclude_v that_o they_o have_v the_o modus_fw-la condendi_fw-la leges_fw-la or_o method_n of_o enact_v law_n in_o a_o parliamentary_a assembly_n from_o they_o also_o but_o a_o question_n have_v arisen_a how_o far_o the_o commons_o be_v a_o constituent_a part_n of_o those_o assembly_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_n magnates_n proceres_fw-la include_v the_o commons_o vide_fw-la post_fw-la 34._o and_o it_o must_v be_v confess_v that_o general_o those_o council_n be_v say_v to_o consist_v of_o the_o king_n and_o his_o bishop_n see_v brady_n of_o burros_fw-la and_o his_o introduction_n and_o the_o wiseman_n or_o magnates_n great_a man_n only_o or_o perchance_o sometime_o with_o the_o word_n seniores_fw-la populi_n add_v as_o in_o ina_n law_n but_o whether_o the_o commons_o be_v present_a either_o in_o person_n or_o by_o representation_n be_v in_o the_o opinion_n of_o some_o inquirer_n very_o doubtful_a now_o lambard_n ll._n sax._n p._n 26._o 27._o in_o order_n to_o clear_v this_o doubt_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o consider_v who_o be_v those_o magnate_v and_o seniores_fw-la or_o sapientiores_fw-la populi_n and_o how_o they_o come_v to_o be_v so_o denominate_v and_o first_o wilkins_n ll._n sax._n p._n 96._o 97._o post_n 35._o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o the_o word_n magnate_v seniores_fw-la do_v intend_v not_o only_o those_o which_o be_v ruler_n or_o governor_n of_o county_n and_o hundred_o either_o civil_a or_o military_a
ll._n canuti_n c._n 13._o 14._o into_o his_o place_n which_o power_n of_o depose_v earl_n and_o other_o officer_n appear_v to_o have_v be_v vest_v in_o their_o folkmotes_n by_o express_a provision_n of_o diverse_a law_n both_o of_o the_o saxon_a and_o danish_a king_n i_o confess_v in_o the_o case_n of_o earl_n tosty_o sax._n chr._n p._n 171._o be_v say_v that_o after_o the_o people_n have_v so_o elect_v morker_n to_o be_v their_o earl_n they_o certify_v their_o election_n to_o the_o king_n and_o entreat_v his_o assent_n thereto_o to_o which_o the_o king_n yield_v and_o on_o the_o vigil_n of_o simon_n and_o judas_n send_v they_o a_o confirmation_n or_o renewal_n of_o the_o law_n of_o king_n canute_n i_o e._n that_o for_o depose_v earl_n etc._n etc._n this_o show_v that_o though_o the_o king_n have_v the_o power_n of_o confirm_v the_o earl_n in_o his_o office_n yet_o he_o can_v not_o of_o himself_o appoint_v any_o earl_n over_o the_o people_n without_o their_o own_o free_a election_n and_o consent_n in_o a_o folkmote_a or_o county_n parliament_n now_o vide_fw-la edu._n cons_n 32._o 35._o as_o all_o title_n and_o dignity_n in_o the_o saxon_a plan_n of_o government_n have_v both_o officium_fw-la and_o benesicium_fw-la annex_v thereto_o so_o there_o be_v diverse_a previous_a qualification_n necessary_a to_o enable_v the_o person_n to_o be_v elect_v to_o such_o dignity_n or_o office_n thus_o in_o order_n to_o be_v a_o great_a thanes-worthy_a qualification_n and_o election_n of_o peer_n etc._n etc._n or_o worthy_a to_o be_v elect_v one_o of_o the_o great_a thanes_z i._n e._n lord_n of_o a_o hundred_o he_o be_v to_o have_v such_o a_o estate_n and_o to_o be_v a_o earl_n or_o alderman's-worthy_a or_o worthy_a to_o be_v elect_v a_o earl_n or_o alderman_n of_o a_o county_n he_o be_v to_o have_v such_o a_o estate_n with_o other_o qualification_n respect_v each_o office_n so_o that_o three_o thing_n at_o least_o aught_o to_o concur_v in_o constitute_v a_o alderman_n or_o earl_n of_o a_o county_n as_o also_o of_o a_o great_a thane_n or_o lord_n of_o a_o hundred_o both_v which_o with_o the_o bishop_n then_o make_v up_o the_o body_n of_o their_o ordinary_a folkmotes_n and_o witenagemote_n viz._n one_a he_o be_v to_o have_v a_o estate_n in_o land_n with_o other_o qualification_n second_o the_o election_n and_o consent_n of_o such_o freeman_n over_o who_o he_o be_v to_o preside_v and_o three_o the_o royal_a assent_n or_o confirmation_n usual_o in_o parliament_n and_o further_o as_o all_o the_o magnates_fw-la regni_fw-la who_o ordinary_o be_v representative_n of_o the_o people_n that_o bishop_n be_v elect_v by_o the_o people_n even_o after_o the_o conquest_n see_v sadler_n rigts_fw-fr of_o the_o kingdom_n p._n 1178._o 133._o 134._o 140._o etc._n etc._n and_o all_o other_o officer_n and_o magistrate_n whether_o civil_a or_o military_a and_o even_o ecclesiastical_a as_o bishop_n etc._n etc._n be_v in_o those_o time_n elect_v to_o their_o respective_a office_n by_o the_o person_n over_o who_o they_o be_v to_o preside_v so_o they_o be_v liable_a for_o misbehaviour_n in_o their_o office_n not_o only_o to_o a_o deprivation_n but_o also_o to_o be_v otherwise_o censure_v and_o punish_v in_o their_o folkmotes_n and_o other_o convention_n and_o consequent_o be_v under_o the_o strict_a guard_n to_o keep_v to_o their_o duty_n and_o perform_v their_o trust_n both_o in_o their_o folkmotes_n or_o county_n parliament_n as_o also_o in_o the_o grand_a witenagemote_a or_o supreme_a parliament_n and_o though_o such_o officer_n preside_v in_o the_o former_a as_o their_o prince_n or_o king_n yet_o in_o the_o latter_a he_o be_v but_o their_o representative_a and_o thus_o the_o magnates_fw-la regni_fw-la nota._n or_o lord_n of_o parliament_n be_v original_o and_o ordinary_o no_o other_o than_o the_o representative_n of_o the_o commons_o or_o freeman_n be_v true_a in_o extraordinary_a case_n spel._n glos_n verbo_fw-la subsidium_fw-la as_o in_o grant_v of_o new_a aid_n or_o tax_n as_o danegelt_n etc._n etc._n the_o commons_o likewise_o attend_v in_o parliament_n either_o in_o person_n or_o by_o their_o deputy_n special_o authorize_v but_o such_o aid_n and_o tax_n be_v then_o very_o rare_a see_v mr._n madox_n hist_n exchequer_n c._n 7._o 8_o 9_o etc._n etc._n the_o crown_n in_o those_o time_n be_v abundant_o supply_v in_o ordinary_a case_n by_o its_o rent_n and_o revenue_n both_o certain_a and_o casual_a as_o fine_n forfeiture_n escheat_n the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o profit_n of_o all_o leet_n hundred_o counties_n and_o other_o court_n aid_n to_o make_v the_o be_v elder_a son_n a_o knight_n vide_fw-la paulus_n manut._n de_fw-fr legihus_fw-la romanis_n to_o marry_v his_o elder_a daughter_n etc._n etc._n all_o which_o i_o take_v to_o be_v of_o a_o british_a or_o roman_a original_a beside_o which_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o vast_a profit_n and_o revenue_n then_o arise_v from_o the_o ancient_a demesne_n and_o other_o crown_n land_n we_o may_v easy_o grant_v that_o the_o king_n have_v rare_o any_o occasion_n for_o extraordinary_a aid_n for_o the_o tenant_n of_o those_o land_n spel._n glos_n verbo_fw-la villenagium_fw-la hold_v the_o same_o in_o villeinage_n and_o they_o themselves_o be_v esteem_v as_o the_o villani_n regis_fw-la the_o king_n can_v not_o only_o tax_v they_o at_o his_o pleasure_n but_o also_o appoint_v they_o what_o officer_n and_o magistrate_n and_o even_o out_o they_o of_o their_o possession_n as_o he_o please_v and_o therefore_o tenant_n in_o ancient_a demesne_n while_o they_o continue_v such_o 〈◊〉_d be_v never_o esteem_v freeman_n they_o never_o serve_v on_o jury_n never_o vote_v for_o member_n of_o parliament_n nor_o ever_o contribute_v to_o their_o expense_n in_o short_a they_o be_v think_v to_o be_v so_o far_o under_o the_o power_n and_o influence_n of_o the_o crown_n as_o not_o to_o be_v in_o any_o wise_a entrust_v with_o the_o people_n liberty_n sir_n h._n spelman_n in_o his_o glossary_n in_o verbo_fw-la subsidium_fw-la p._n 527._o say_v thus_o i_o find_v not_o that_o the_o ancient_a saxon_n king_n have_v any_o subsidy_n etc._n etc._n but_o they_o have_v many_o custom_n whereby_o they_o levy_v money_n of_o the_o people_n or_o personal_a service_n towards_o building_n repair_v of_o city_n castle_n bridges_n military_a expedition_n etc._n etc._n call_v burgbote_n bridgebote_fw-ge herefare_n heregeld_n etc._n etc._n but_o when_o the_o dane_n oppress_v the_o land_n king_n egelrede_n or_o ethelred_n anno_fw-la 1007_o yield_v in_o a_o parliament_n to_o pay_v they_o 10000_o l._n which_o be_v afterward_o increase_v to_o 36000_o l._n then_o to_o 113000_o l._n and_o last_o note_v this_o assessment_n be_v doubtless_o with_o consent_n of_o the_o commons_o q._n if_o churchman_n be_v not_o procuratores_fw-la aut_fw-la participes_fw-la danici_n subsidii_fw-la to_o a_o yearly_a tax_n or_o tribute_n of_o 48000_o l._n this_o be_v call_v danegeld_v and_o for_o raise_v it_o every_o hide_n or_o plough_n of_o land_n be_v cess_v at_o 12_o d._n yearly_a the_o church-land_n except_v which_o therefore_o be_v call_v hydage_n and_o carvage_a which_o name_n afterward_o remain_v upon_o all_o subsidy_n and_o tax_n impose_v upon_o land_n for_o sometime_o it_o be_v impose_v upon_o cattle_n and_o than_o be_v call_v horngle_v but_o though_o the_o saxon_a witenagemote_n be_v so_o ordinary_o hold_v per_fw-la regem_fw-la cum_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la regni_fw-la yet_o it_o be_v very_o evident_a that_o when_o any_o matter_n be_v to_o be_v there_o transact_v which_o in_o general_n concern_v the_o body_n of_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o such_o case_n the_o rule_n be_v quod_fw-la tangit_fw-la omnes_fw-la tractetur_fw-la ab_fw-la omnibus_fw-la and_o nothing_o can_v be_v determine_v in_o their_o parliament_n relate_v to_o peace_n or_o war_n new_a aid_n tax_n or_o other_o public_a charge_n on_o the_o people_n without_o their_o common_a assent_n either_o in_o person_n or_o by_o special_a representative_n be_v true_a see_v madox_n ut_fw-la ante_fw-la the_o saxon_a king_n have_v very_o rare_o any_o such_o aid_n tax_n or_o subsidy_n as_o be_v grant_v to_o our_o king_n at_o this_o day_n the_o vast_a profit_n arise_v to_o the_o crown_n in_o those_o day_n consist_v in_o the_o rent_n and_o produce_v of_o their_o ancient_a demeasn_a land_n the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o profit_n of_o all_o the_o county_n and_o other_o court_n in_o the_o kingdom_n beside_o the_o many_o other_o income_n on_o fine_n forfeiture_n and_o other_o penalty_n and_o other_o revenue_n certain_a and_o casual_a make_v it_o seldom_o necessary_a to_o tax_n the_o people_n by_o a_o parliament_n they_o have_v also_o say_v spelman_n many_o custom_n in_o verbo_fw-la subsidium_fw-la whereby_o they_o levy_v money_n of_o the_o people_n or_o exact_v their_o personal_a service_n towards_o the_o building_n and_o repair_v of_o city_n castle_n and_o bridge_n for_o military_a expedition_n etc._n etc._n which_o they_o call_v burgbote_n
less_o than_o the_o unite_a consent_n of_o all_o and_o every_o person_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o under_o this_o notion_n its_o power_n be_v unlimited_a and_o universal_a its_o authority_n be_v the_o most_o unerring_a and_o firm_a support_n of_o monarchy_n and_o government_n and_o have_v be_v ever_o use_v as_o the_o only_a expedient_a to_o accommodate_v the_o difference_n of_o pretender_n and_o competitor_n to_o arbitrate_v and_o decree_v not_o only_o the_o right_n and_o possession_n but_o even_o the_o inheritance_n and_o reversion_n of_o the_o regal_a power_n to_o succour_v and_o defend_v the_o king_n and_o kingdom_n against_o all_o possibility_n of_o injury_n or_o encroachment_n that_o may_v be_v intend_v against_o or_o usurp_v upon_o it_o or_o its_o authority_n to_o decree_v the_o nation_n liberty_n ascertain_v property_n and_o to_o establish_v a_o unquestionable_a peace_n and_o security_n to_o all_o the_o people_n both_o from_o the_o danger_n of_o grievance_n at_o home_n or_o the_o assault_v of_o foreign_a power_n in_o this_o capacity_n it_o have_v power_n above_o the_o law_n itself_o hollinshead_n c._n 1._o vol._n 1._o p._n 173._o have_v power_n to_o alter_v the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n to_o declare_v the_o meaning_n of_o any_o doubtful_a law_n to_o repeal_v old_a patent_n grant_n or_o charter_n and_o judgement_n whatsoever_o of_o the_o king_n or_o any_o other_o court_n of_o justice_n if_o erroneous_a or_o illegal_a and_o extend_v so_o far_o as_o final_o to_o oblige_v both_o king_n and_o people_n to_o punish_v offender_n of_o all_o sort_n to_o examine_v into_o the_o corruption_n of_o religion_n and_o either_o to_o disannul_v or_o reform_v it_o anno_fw-la 1626._o 2._o rushw_o coll._n vol._n 1._o p._n 245._o car._n the_o commons_o in_o their_o remonstrance_n declare_v that_o it_o have_v be_v the_o ancient_a constant_a and_o undoubted_a right_n and_o usage_n of_o parliament_n to_o question_v and_o complain_v of_o all_o person_n of_o what_o degree_n soever_o find_v grievous_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n in_o abuse_v the_o power_n and_o trust_v commit_v to_o they_o by_o the_o sovereign_n a_o course_n approve_v of_o by_o frequent_a precedent_n in_o the_o best_a and_o most_o glorious_a reign_n appear_v both_o in_o record_n and_o history_n etc._n etc._n in_o 30._o e._n 3._o 7._o h._n 4._o rot._n parl._n n_o o_fw-fr 31_o 32._o the_o parliament_n accuse_v john_n de_fw-fr gaunt_n the_o king_n son_n and_o lord_n latimer_n and_o lord_n nevil_n for_o misadvise_v the_o king_n and_o they_o go_v to_o the_o tower_n for_o it_o in_o 11._o rushw_o ib._n p._n 627._o h._n 4._o n_o o_fw-mi 13._o the_o council_n be_v complain_v of_o and_o be_v remove_v from_o the_o king_n for_o that_o they_o mewed-up_a the_o king_n and_o disuade_v he_o from_o the_o common_a good_n in_o 4._o h._n 3._o 27._o e._n 3._o 13._o r._n 2._o the_o parliament_n moderate_v the_o king_n prerogative_n and_o nothing_o grow_v to_o a_o abuse_n say_v sir_n edward_n coke_n but_o the_o parliament_n have_v power_n to_o treat_v of_o and_o correct_v it_o and_o king_n james_n the_o one_a idem_fw-la p._n 62â—_n put_v the_o commons_o assemble_v in_o parliament_n in_o mind_n that_o it_o will_v be_v the_o great_a unsaithfulness_n and_o breach_n of_o duty_n to_o his_o majesty_n and_o of_o the_o trust_v commit_v to_o they_o by_o the_o country_n that_o can_v be_v if_o in_o set_v forth_o the_o grievance_n of_o the_o people_n and_o the_o condition_n of_o all_o the_o petition_n of_o this_o kingdom_n from_o whence_o they_o come_v they_o do_v not_o deal_v clear_o with_o he_o without_o spare_v any_o person_n how_o near_o and_o dear_a soever_o they_o be_v unto_o he_o if_o they_o be_v hurtful_a or_o dangerous_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n the_o most_o high_a and_o absolute_a power_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n sir_n tho._n smith_n commonwealth_n l._n 2._o c._n 2._o p._n 72._o arcana_fw-la parl._n 1_n consist_v in_o the_o parliament_n for_o as_o in_o war_n where_o the_o king_n himself_o in_o person_n the_o nobility_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o gentility_n and_o the_o yeomanry_n be_v be_v the_o force_n and_o power_n of_o england_n so_o in_o peace_n and_o consultation_n where_o the_o prince_n be_v to_o give_v life_n and_o the_o last_o and_o high_a commandment_n the_o barony_n or_o nobility_n for_o the_o high_a the_o knight_n esquire_n gentleman_n and_o commons_o for_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n the_o bishop_n for_o the_o clergy_n be_v present_a to_o advertise_v consult_v and_o show_v what_o be_v good_a and_o necessary_a for_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o to_o consult_v together_o and_o upon_o mature_a deliberation_n every_o bill_n or_o law_n be_v thrice_o read_v and_o dispute_v in_o either_o house_n the_o other_o two_o part_n first_o each_o a_o part_n ibid_fw-la p._n 73._o and_o after_o the_o prince_n himself_o in_o presence_n of_o both_o the_o party_n do_v consent_n unto_o and_o allow_v that_o it_o be_v the_o prince_n and_o whole_a realm_n deed_n whereupon_o just_o no_o man_n can_v complain_v but_o must_v accommodate_v himself_o to_o find_v it_o good_a and_o obey_v it_o thus_o the_o concurrent_a consent_n of_o these_o three_o estate_n when_o reduce_v to_o writing_n inst_z leg._n p._n 34._o and_o pass_v in_o parliament_n be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o tripartite_a indenture_n between_o king_n lord_n and_o commons_o and_o that_o which_o be_v so_o do_v by_o this_o consent_n be_v call_v firm_a stable_a and_o sanctum_fw-la and_o be_v take_v for_o law_n as_o to_o the_o power_n of_o parliament_n sir_n tho._n smith_n ibid._n arc._n parl._n 2._o vide_fw-la crompt_v jur._n 3_n 1._o it_o abrogate_v old_a law_n 2._o make_v new_a law_n 3._o give_v order_n for_o thing_n past_a 4._o direct_v thing_n hereafter_o to_o be_v follow_v 5._o change_v right_a and_o possession_n of_o private_a men._n 6._o legitimate_v bastard_n 7._o establish_v form_n of_o religion_n 8._o alter_v weight_n and_o measure_n 9_o give_v form_n of_o succession_n to_o the_o crown_n 10._o define_v of_o doubtful_a right_n whereof_o be_v no_o law_n already_o make_v 11._o appoint_v subsidy_n tally_n tax_n and_o imposition_n 12._o give_v most_o free_a pardon_n and_o absolution_n 13._o restore_v in_o blood_n and_o name_n 14._o and_o as_o the_o high_a court_n condemn_v or_o absolve_v they_o who_o be_v put_v upon_o their_o trial._n in_o short_a ibid._n all_o that_o ever_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n may_v do_v either_o centuriatis_fw-la comitiis_fw-la or_o tributis_fw-la the_o same_o may_v be_v do_v by_o the_o parliament_n of_o england_n which_o represent_v and_o have_v the_o power_n of_o the_o whole_a realm_n both_o the_o head_n and_o body_n for_o every_o englishman_n be_v intend_v to_o be_v there_o present_a either_o in_o person_n or_o by_o procuration_n and_o attorney_n of_o what_o pre-eminence_n state_n dignity_n or_o quality_n soever_o he_o be_v from_o the_o prince_n be_v he_o king_n or_o queen_n to_o the_o low_a person_n of_o england_n and_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o parliament_n be_v take_v to_o be_v every_o man_n consent_n as_o to_o its_o power_n over_o both_o the_o statute_n and_o common_a law_n of_o this_o realm_n rastal_n statute_n folio_n 546._o 25_o h._n 8._o c._n 21._o you_o will_v be_v best_a inform_v of_o it_o from_o the_o memorable_a word_n of_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n itself_o viz._n whereas_o this_o realm_n recognise_v no_o superior_a under_o god_n but_o only_o the_o king_n have_v be_v and_o be_v free_a from_o subjection_n to_o any_o man_n law_n but_o to_o such_o as_o have_v be_v devise_v make_v and_o ordain_v within_o this_o realm_n for_o the_o wealth_n of_o the_o same_o or_o to_o such_o other_o as_o by_o sufferance_n of_o the_o king_n and_o his_o progenitor_n the_o people_n of_o this_o realm_n have_v take_v at_o their_o free_a liberty_n by_o their_o own_o consent_n to_o be_v use_v among_o they_o and_o have_v bind_v themselves_o by_o long_a use_n and_o custom_n to_o the_o observance_n of_o the_o same_o not_o as_o to_o the_o observance_n of_o the_o law_n of_o any_o foreign_a prince_n potentate_n or_o prelate_n but_o as_o to_o the_o custom_n and_o ancient_a law_n of_o this_o realm_n original_o establish_v as_o law_n of_o the_o same_o by_o the_o say_a sufferance_n consent_n and_o custom_n and_o none_o otherwise_o it_o stand_v therefore_o with_o natural_a equity_n and_o good_a reason_n that_o all_o and_o every_o such_o law_n humane_a make_v within_o this_o realm_n by_o the_o say_a sufferance_n consent_n and_o custom_n that_o the_o king_n and_o the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a and_o the_o commons_o represent_v the_o whole_a state_n of_o this_o realm_n in_o the_o most_o high_a court_n of_o parliament_n have_v full_a power_n and_o authority_n not_o only_o to_o dispense_v but_o also_o to_o authorise_v some_o elect_a person_n or_o person_n to_o dispense_v with_o those_o and_o all_o other_o human_a law_n of_o
custom_n of_o parliament_n and_o therefore_o void_a the_o authority_n of_o the_o high_a court_n of_o parliament_n to_o be_v commit_v to_o a_o few_o as_o in_o 21_o rich._n 2._o c._n 16._o ibid._n be_v hold_v to_o be_v against_o the_o dignity_n of_o a_o parliament_n and_o that_o no_o such_o commission_n ought_v to_o be_v grant_v though_o it_o be_v apparent_a what_o transcendent_a power_n and_o authority_n the_o parliament_n have_v id._n 43_o and_o though_o diverse_a parliament_n have_v attempt_v to_o bar_v restrain_v suspend_v qualify_v or_o make_v void_a the_o power_n of_o subsequent_a parliament_n yet_o can_v they_o never_o effect_v it_o for_o the_o latter_a parliament_n have_v ever_o power_n to_o abrogate_v suspend_v qualify_v explain_v or_o make_v void_a the_o former_a in_o the_o whole_a or_o in_o any_o part_n thereof_o notwithstanding_o any_o word_n of_o restraint_n prohibition_n or_o penalty_n in_o the_o former_a for_o it_o be_v a_o maxim_n in_o the_o law_n of_o parliament_n quod_fw-la leges_fw-la posteriores_fw-la priores_fw-la contrarias_fw-la abrogant_fw-la a_o act_n of_o parliament_n do_v include_v every_o man_n consent_n hobart_n 256._o as_o well_o to_o come_v and_o unborn_a person_n as_o those_o present_a the_o sovereign_a power_n of_o this_o high_a court_n of_o parliament_n be_v such_o hakewel_n 86._o that_o although_o the_o king_n majesty_n have_v many_o great_a privilege_n and_o prerogative_n yet_o many_o thing_n be_v not_o effectual_a in_o law_n to_o pass_v under_o the_o great_a seal_n by_o the_o king_n charter_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o parliament_n as_o be_v resolve_v by_o all_o the_o judge_n in_o the_o prince_n case_n the_o king_n by_o his_o letter_n patent_n may_v make_v a_o denizen_n id._n 87._o bro._n denizen_n n_o o_fw-mi 9_o 36._o h._n 8._o but_o can_v naturalize_v he_o to_o all_o purpose_n as_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n may_v do_v if_o a_o man_n be_v attaint_v of_o felony_n hakewel_n 89._o or_o treason_n by_o verdict_n outlawry_n confession_n etc._n etc._n his_o blood_n be_v corrupt_v which_o be_v a_o perpetual_a and_o absolute_a disability_n for_o he_o or_o his_o posterity_n to_o claim_v any_o hereditament_n in_o fee-simple_n either_o as_o heir_n to_o he_o or_o any_o ancestor_n paramount_n he_o and_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v restore_v to_o his_o blood_n without_o parliament_n and_o yet_o the_o king_n may_v give_v to_o any_o attaint_v person_n his_o life_n by_o this_o charter_n of_o parliament_n the_o king_n can_v alter_v the_o common_a law_n id._n 90._o or_o the_o general_a custom_n of_o the_o realm_n as_o gavelkind_a borough-english_a or_o the_o like_a without_o consent_n of_o parliament_n although_o a_o king_n have_v a_o kingdom_n by_o descent_n ibid._n yet_o see_v by_o the_o law_n of_o that_o kingdom_n he_o do_v inherit_v that_o kingdom_n he_o can_v change_v those_o law_n of_o himself_o without_o consent_n of_o parliament_n by_o the_o law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n ibid._n the_o king_n can_v by_o his_o proclamation_n alter_v the_o law_n but_o the_o king_n may_v make_v proclamtion_n that_o he_o shall_v incur_v the_o indignation_n of_o his_o majesty_n that_o withstand_v it_o but_o the_o penalty_n of_o not_o obey_v his_o proclamation_n may_v not_o be_v upon_o forfeiture_n of_o his_o good_n his_o land_n or_o his_o life_n without_o parliament_n le_fw-fr parliament_n d'engleterre_fw-fr ne_fw-fr lia_fw-it ireland_n quoad_fw-la terras_fw-la svas_fw-la brook_z 123._o 91._o vide_fw-la 20_o h._n 6.9_o crompton_n 22._o b._n quar_fw-la ils_fw-fr ont_fw-fr parliament_n la_fw-fr mes_fw-fr il_fw-fr poient_fw-fr eux_fw-fr liar_n quant_fw-fr all_o choose_v transitory_a come_v eskipper_n de_fw-fr lane_n ou_fw-fr merchandise_n all_o intent_n de_fw-fr ceo_fw-la carrier_n all_o auter_n lieu_fw-fr ultra_fw-la mare_fw-la the_o parliament_n of_o england_n can_v bind_v ireland_n quere_z infra_fw-la as_o to_o their_o land_n for_o they_o have_v a_o parliament_n there_o but_o they_o may_v bind_v they_o as_o to_z thing_n transitory_a as_o the_o ship_n of_o wool_n or_o merchandise_n to_o the_o intent_n to_o carry_v it_o to_o another_o place_n beyond_o the_o sea_n 4_o inst_z 350._o sometime_o the_o king_n of_o england_n call_v his_o noble_n of_o ireland_n to_o come_v to_o his_o parliament_n of_o england_n etc._n etc._n and_o by_o special_a word_n the_o parliament_n of_o england_n may_v bind_v the_o subject_n of_o ireland_n the_o lord_n in_o their_o house_n have_v power_n of_o judicature_n id._n 23._o and_o the_o commons_o in_o their_o house_n have_v power_n of_o judicature_n and_o both_o house_n together_o have_v power_n of_o judicature_n this_o power_n be_v best_a understand_v by_o read_v the_o judgement_n and_o record_n of_o parliament_n at_o large_a ibid._n and_o the_o journal_o of_o the_o house_n of_o lord_n and_o 6_o h._n 8._o c._n 16._o rast_n 429_o 430._o vaughan_n 285._o the_o book_n of_o the_o clerk_n of_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o which_o be_v sometime_o also_o style_v a_o record_n if_o inconvenience_n necessary_o follow_v out_o of_o the_o law_n only_o the_o parliament_n can_v cure_v they_o if_o a_o marriage_n be_v declare_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n to_o be_v against_o god_n law_n id._n 327._o we_o must_v admit_v it_o to_o be_v so_o for_o by_o a_o law_n that_o be_v by_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n it_o be_v so_o declare_v in_o many_o case_n multitude_n be_v bind_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n id._n 14._o which_o be_v not_o party_n to_o the_o election_n of_o knight_n citizens_z and_o burgess_n as_o all_o they_o that_o have_v no_o freehold_a or_o have_v freehold_a in_o ancient_a demesne_n and_o all_o woman_n have_v freehold_a or_o no_o freehold_a and_o man_n within_o the_o age_n of_o one_o and_o twenty_o year_n hob._n 256._o etc._n etc._n and_o we_o may_v add_v person_n unborn_a it_o be_v declare_v by_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o in_o full_a parliament_n upon_o demand_v make_v of_o they_o on_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o king_n that_o they_o can_v not_o assent_v to_o any_o thing_n in_o parliament_n that_o tend_v to_o the_o disherison_n of_o the_o king_n and_o his_o crown_n whereunto_o they_o be_v swear_v the_o expound_v of_o the_o law_n do_v ordinary_o belong_v to_o the_o reverend_a judge_n hakewel_n 94._o and_o in_o case_n of_o great_a difficulty_n or_o importence_n to_o the_o high_a court_n of_o parliament_n error_n by_o the_o law_n in_o the_o common-plea_n be_v to_o be_v correct_v in_o the_o king's-bench_n 4_o inst_z 22._o vid._n stat._n 1_o jac._n 1_o c._n 1._o and_o of_o the_o king's-bench_n in_o the_o parliament_n and_o not_o otherwise_o i._n e._n where_o the_o proceed_n be_v by_o original_n write_v instit_fw-la leg._n 171.172_o for_o if_o they_o be_v by_o bill_n they_o may_v be_v correct_v in_o the_o exchequer_n chamber_n by_o st._n 27_o eliz._n c._n 8._o from_o whence_o a_o writ_n of_o error_n lie_v to_o the_o parliament_n action_n at_o common_a law_n be_v not_o determine_v in_o this_o high_a court_n of_o parliament_n selden_n judicature_n 2._o yet_o complaint_n have_v ever_o be_v receive_v in_o parliament_n as_o well_o of_o private_a wrong_n as_o public_a offence_n and_o according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o person_n and_o nature_n of_o the_o offence_n they_o have_v be_v retain_v or_o refer_v to_o the_o common_a law_n there_o be_v diverse_a precedent_n of_o the_o trial_n of_o bishop_n by_o their_o peer_n in_o parliament_n id._n 4.5_o as_o well_o for_o capital_a offence_n as_o misdemeanour_n whereof_o they_o have_v be_v accuse_v in_o parliament_n and_o so_o there_o have_v be_v of_o commoner_n as_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n 15_o ed._n 3._o n._n 6_o 7_o 8._o ibid._n postea_fw-la 44._o 39_o ibid._n 17_o e._n 3.22_o and_o the_o bishop_n of_o norwich_n 7_o ric._n 2._o for_o misdemeanour_n so_o be_v the_o bishop_n of_o york_n and_o chichester_n try_v for_o treason_n by_o their_o peer_n in_o parliament_n upon_o the_o appeal_n of_o the_o lord_n appellant_n 11_o r._n 2._o and_o anno_fw-la 21_o r._n 2._o the_o commons_o accuse_v the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n of_o treason_n by_o their_o peer_n in_o parliament_n upon_o the_o appeal_n of_o the_o lord_n appellant_n 11_o r._n 2._o and_o anno_fw-la 21_o r._n 2._o the_o commons_o accuse_v the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n of_o treason_n and_o the_o temporal_a lord_n judge_v he_o a_o traitor_n and_o banish_v he_o but_o if_o a_o bishop_n be_v accuse_v out_o of_o parliament_n he_o be_v to_o be_v try_v by_o a_o ordinary_a jury_n of_o freeholders_n for_o his_o honour_n be_v not_o inheritable_a as_o be_v the_o temporal_a peer_n out_o of_o parliament_n yet_o in_o all_o other_o matter_n save_o that_o only_a of_o their_o trial_n they_o have_v privilege_n as_o no_o day_n of_o grace_n to_o be_v grant_v against_o they_o in_o any_o suit_n a_o knight_n to_o be_v return_v upon_o the_o panel_n where_o a_o bishop_n be_v party_n and_o no_o process_n in_o a_o civil_a action_n to_o be_v award_v
as_o be_v the_o alderman_n of_o county_n which_o we_o call_v earl_n and_o the_o heretoge_n of_o county_n usual_o render_v deuce_n ibid._n 204._o 205._o because_o they_o head_v the_o people_n in_o war_n and_o be_v then_o as_o our_o lord_n lieutenant_n but_o of_o far_o great_a authority_n but_o that_o they_o also_o comprehend_v other_o temporal_a magistrate_n as_o also_o the_o bishop_n and_o ruler_n of_o the_o church_n for_o that_o it_o appear_v those_o word_n magnate_n seniores_fw-la or_o senatores_fw-la include_v the_o chief_a ruler_n magistrate_n and_o officer_n of_o the_o people_n in_o all_o affair_n civil_a military_a and_o ecclesiastic_a and_o it_o appear_v that_o these_o general_o constitute_v the_o wittenagemote_a or_o saxon_a parliament_n indeed_o on_o extraordinary_a occasion_n see_v saxon_n chron._n an._n 1055._o and_o the_o beadmanealre_a witenagemote_a i._n e._n et_fw-la indictus_fw-la fuit_fw-la omnium_fw-la procerum_fw-la conventus_fw-la before_o mid-lent_n this_o include_v the_o commons_o and_o be_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o extraordinary_a business_n then_o there_o transact_v the_o commons_o i._n e._n their_o lesser_a thanes_z or_o lord_n of_o manor_n as_o also_o the_o representative_n of_o city_n or_o burros_fw-la do_v in_o person_n appear_v there_o likewise_o but_o if_o we_o right_o consider_v the_o model_n of_o the_o saxon_a government_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o except_o in_o such_o extraordinary_a case_n it_o will_v be_v a_o vain_a and_o fruitless_a thing_n for_o the_o commons_o to_o appear_v in_o person_n at_o all_o their_o assembly_n of_o the_o magnates_fw-la regni_fw-la see_v those_o magnate_v be_v in_o truth_n the_o people_n ordinary_a representative_n be_v elect_v and_o full_o instruct_v by_o the_o commons_o about_o such_o affair_n as_o relate_v to_o they_o for_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o saxon_a government_n be_v such_o as_o make_v all_o the_o lesser_a assembly_n of_o the_o people_n for_o the_o election_n of_o magistrate_n and_o distribution_n of_o justice_n to_o have_v a_o connection_n with_o and_o dependence_n on_o some_o high_a and_o more_o honourable_a convention_n wilkins_n ut_fw-la supra_fw-la lambard_n ut_fw-la supra_fw-la to_o who_o there_o lie_v a_o representation_n and_o appeal_n from_o the_o inferior_a convention_n in_o such_o a_o manner_n as_o that_o every_o inferior_a legal_a convention_n be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o lesser_a parliament_n which_o have_v some_o other_o superior_a parliament_n to_o appeal_v to_o so_o the_o high_a assembly_n have_v the_o inspection_n and_o control_v of_o what_o be_v transact_v in_o the_o next_o subordinate_a convention_n and_o hence_o it_o appear_v spelman_n 540._o that_o the_o saxon_a county-court_n the_o hundred-court_n or_o wapentake_v and_o even_o the_o court-baron_n or_o manor-court_n be_v as_o much_o parliamentary_a assembly_n within_o their_o respective_a precinct_n and_o jurisdiction_n as_o the_o wittenagemote_a or_o assembly_n of_o great_a man_n be_v for_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n thus_o in_o ordinary_a case_n there_o be_v no_o occasion_n to_o apply_v to_o the_o superior_a parliament_n see_v mirror_n cap._n 5._o sect_n 1._o parliamt_n to_o be_v hold_v at_o london_n twice_o yearly_o etc._n etc._n i._n e._n whether_o the_o king_n summon_v they_o or_o not_o and_z as_o saddler_n p._n 50._o licet_fw-la rex_fw-la sit_fw-la absens_fw-la etc._n etc._n note_v the_o inferior_a court_n be_v hold_v 12_o time_n yearly_a on_o 〈◊〉_d day_n notice_n but_o not_o the_o superior_a wilkins_n sax_n ll._n 205_o c_o 2_o when_o the_o inserior_fw-la parliament_n can_v and_o usual_o do_v provide_v a_o remedy_n but_o there_o be_v two_o thing_n especial_o remarkable_a in_o the_o oeconomy_n or_o connection_n of_o the_o saxon_a plan_n of_o government_n which_o will_v give_v we_o great_a light_n into_o the_o nature_n of_o their_o folkmotes_n and_o wittenagemote_n or_o parliament_n viz._n one_a that_o all_o their_o folkmotes_n or_o county_n assembly_n be_v general_o hold_v twice_o yearly_a at_o certain_a particular_a place_n and_o on_o certain_a state_v day_n or_o time_n in_o the_o year_n there_o be_v no_o occasion_n for_o any_o special_a notice_n to_o be_v give_v of_o or_o any_o summons_n to_o those_o assembly_n no_o more_o than_o for_o the_o term_n at_o this_o day_n every_o freeman_n who_o duty_n it_o be_v attend_v there_o in_o person_n or_o by_o representation_n and_o that_o under_o a_o mulct_n or_o penalty_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o the_o saxon_a law_n relate_v to_o this_o matter_n thus_o the_o free-tenant_n of_o manor_n spel._n glos_n in_o verbis_fw-la manor_n turnus_n comitatus_fw-la etc._n etc._n by_o their_o lord_n or_o steward_n the_o burroholder_n by_o the_o head-burros_a and_o the_o freeman_n in_o each_o tything_n by_o their_o tienmantale_n or_o representative_a attend_v at_o the_o hundred_o court_n and_o those_o of_o the_o hundred_o attend_v at_o the_o county_n court_v by_o their_o hundreder_n etc._n etc._n and_o those_o of_o the_o county_n as_o earl_n and_o bishop_n of_o the_o respective_a county_n attend_v the_o witenagemote_a in_o this_o manner_n viz._n the_o court_n of_o manor_n and_o tything_n always_o end_v before_o the_o wapentack_n or_o hundred_o court_n begin_v and_o these_o end_v just_a before_o the_o folkmotes_n or_o county_n court_n begin_v and_o these_o last_o just_a before_o the_o ordinary_a witenagemote_a or_o grand_a parliamentary_a assembly_n begin_v by_o this_o method_n see_v 32d_o law_n ed._n conf._n a_o certain_a connection_n and_o dependence_n of_o all_o inserior_fw-la court_n on_o the_o next_o superior_n be_v establish_v so_o that_o there_o lie_v a_o easy_a transition_n by_o appeal_n from_o the_o inferior_a to_o the_o next_o superior_a court_n and_o last_o to_o the_o conventio_fw-la magnatum_fw-la or_o supreme_a assembly_n 2_o another_o observable_a be_v that_o all_o these_o court_n be_v so_o hold_v twice_o yearly_o for_o the_o free_a election_n of_o magistrate_n and_o the_o free_a distribution_n of_o justice_n within_o their_o respective_a precinct_n to_o which_o end_n all_o the_o inferior_a court_n be_v hold_v about_o the_o end_n of_o september_n for_o elect_v their_o magistrate_n and_o officer_n as_o they_o still_o be_v in_o london_n and_o some_o other_o city_n and_o the_o other_o half_a yearly_a assembly_n for_o distribution_n of_o justice_n be_v usual_o about_o the_o end_n of_o march_n yet_o so_o that_o all_o be_v over_o before_o the_o wittenagemote_a see_v wilkins_n ll._n saxon._n p._n c._n 1._o purif_n 〈◊〉_d m._n uno_fw-la 〈◊〉_d eodem_fw-la die_fw-la per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la or_o grand_a assembly_n be_v hold_v which_o by_o a_o express_a law_n be_v always_o to_o commence_v the_o first_o on_o the_o calends_o of_o october_n for_o confirm_v or_o constitute_v all_o the_o alderman_n or_o earl_n or_o hetetoges_n or_o lord_n lieutenant_n of_o the_o several_a county_n as_o also_o of_o all_o the_o other_o great_a officer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o other_o about_o the_o calends_o of_o may_n for_o distribute_v of_o justice_n etc._n etc._n n._n b._n for_o by_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o saxon_a government_n no_o officer_n either_o civil_a or_o military_a or_o even_o ecclesiastical_a can_v be_v invest_v in_o his_o office_n or_o exercise_v any_o jurisdiction_n or_o authority_n over_o freemen_n without_o the_o free_a election_n and_o consent_n of_o those_o freeman_n over_o who_o he_o be_v to_o exercise_v such_o authority_n and_o be_v for_o this_o reason_n more_o especial_o that_o the_o people_n of_o england_n be_v denominate_v free_a for_o that_o by_o the_o ancient_a law_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n they_o have_v this_o just_a and_o natural_a right_n viz._n the_o free_a election_n of_o their_o magistrate_n and_o governor_n without_o which_o our_o ancestor_n think_v all_o other_o liberty_n be_v but_o a_o species_n of_o bondage_n for_o of_o what_o use_n can_v liberty_n be_v to_o he_o who_o person_n or_o estate_n be_v subject_a to_o officer_n etc._n etc._n set_v over_o he_o without_o his_o own_o consent_n this_o freedom_n of_o election_n of_o magistrate_n etc._n etc._n civil_a and_o military_a under_o the_o saxon_a government_n full_o appear_v thro-out_a the_o whole_a body_n of_o their_o law_n especial_o in_o the_o 35th_o law_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n which_o provide_v see_v spel._n gloss_n in_o verbo_fw-la vicecom_v p._n 555._o that_o all_o sheriff_n or_o earl_n and_o all_o heretokes_n or_o lord_n lieutenant_n of_o county_n shall_v be_v elect_v in_o pleno_fw-la folkmote_a i._n e._n by_o the_o freeholder_n in_o a_o general_a county_n assembly_n or_o parliament_n and_o that_o their_o practice_n be_v therein_o pursuant_n to_o the_o law_n sax._n chr._n sub_fw-la anno_fw-la 1064._o appear_v from_o the_o case_n of_o tosty_o earl_n of_o northumberland_n for_o say_v the_o saxon_a chronicle_n that_o earl_n misbehave_v himself_o in_o his_o office_n the_o people_n of_o that_o county_n depose_v he_o from_o be_v their_o earl_n and_o proceed_v to_o elect_v morkar_n the_o son_n of_o elfgar_n ll._n inae_fw-la c._n 8._o 36._o ll._n edgari_n c._n 3