juror_n which_o in_o other_o law_n be_v call_v judge_n de_fw-la facto_fw-la to_o give_v no_o liquet_fw-la that_o be_v to_o give_v no_o verdict_n at_o all_o and_o so_o the_o case_n to_o stand_v abate_v our_o law_n enforce_v they_o to_o a_o direct_a verdict_n general_a or_o special_a and_o whereas_o other_o law_n except_o of_o plurality_n of_o voice_n to_o make_v a_o verdict_n our_o law_n enforce_v they_o all_o to_o agree_v in_o one_o and_o whereas_o other_o law_n leave_v they_o to_o their_o own_o time_n and_o ease_n and_o to_o part_n and_o to_o meet_v again_o our_o law_n duresse_n and_o imprison_v they_o in_o the_o hard_a manner_n without_o light_n or_o comfort_n until_o they_o be_v agree_v in_o consideration_n of_o straightness_n and_o cohersion_n it_o be_v consonant_a that_o the_o law_n do_v require_v in_o all_o matter_n bring_v to_o issue_n that_o there_o be_v full_a proof_n and_o evidence_n and_o therefore_o if_o the_o matter_n in_o itself_o be_v of_o that_o surety_n as_o in_o simple_a contract_n which_o be_v make_v by_o parole_n without_o write_v it_o allow_v wager_n of_o law_n in_o issue_n upon_o the_o mere_a right_n which_o be_v a_o thing_n hardly_o to_o discern_v it_o allow_v wager_n of_o battle_n to_o spare_v juror_n if_o time_n have_v wear_v out_o the_o mark_n and_o badge_n of_o truth_n from_o time_n to_o time_n there_o have_v be_v statute_n of_o limitation_n where_o you_o shall_v find_v this_o mischief_n of_o perjury_n often_o recite_v and_o last_o which_o be_v the_o matter_n in_o hand_n all_o inheritance_n can_v not_o pass_v but_o by_o act_n overt_a and_o notorious_a as_o by_o deed_n livery_n and_o record_n for_o purchaser_n bona_fw-la fide_fw-la it_o may_v appear_v that_o they_o be_v ever_o favour_v in_o our_o law_n as_o first_o by_o the_o great_a favour_n of_o warranty_n which_o be_v ever_o for_o the_o help_n of_o purchaser_n as_o whereby_o the_o law_n in_o 5._o edw._n 3._o time_n the_o disseisor_n can_v not_o enter_v upon_o the_o feoffee_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o warranty_n so_o again_o the_o collateral_a guarantee_n which_o otherwise_o as_o a_o hard_a law_n grow_v in_o doubt_n only_o upon_o favour_n of_o purchaser_n so_o be_v the_o bind_n of_o fine_n at_o the_o common_a law_n the_o invention_n and_o practice_n of_o recovery_n to_o defeat_v the_o statute_n of_o entail_n and_o many_o more_o ground_n and_o learning_n be_v to_o be_v find_v respect_v the_o quiet_a of_o the_o possession_n of_o purchaser_n and_o therefore_o though_o the_o statute_n of_o 1_o richard_n 3._o have_v provide_v for_o the_o purchasor_n in_o some_o sort_n by_o enable_v the_o act_n and_o conveyance_n of_o cesty_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n yet_o nevertheless_o the_o state_n do_v not_o at_o all_o disable_a the_o act_n or_o charge_n of_o the_o feoffee_n and_o so_o as_o walmesly_n justice_n say_v 42._o regine_n they_o play_v at_o double_a hand_n for_o cesty_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n may_v sell_v and_o the_o feoffee_n may_v sell_v which_o be_v a_o very_a great_a uncertainty_n to_o the_o purchasor_n for_o the_o four_o inconvenience_n towards_o those_o that_o come_v in_o by_o law_n conveyance_n in_o use_n be_v like_o privilege_n place_n or_o liberty_n for_o as_o there_o the_o law_n do_v not_o run_v so_o upon_o such_o conveyance_n the_o law_n can_v take_v no_o hold_n but_o they_o be_v exempt_v from_o all_o title_n in_o law_n no_o man_n be_v so_o absolute_a owner_n of_o his_o possession_n but_o that_o the_o wisdom_n of_o the_o law_n do_v reserve_v certain_a title_n unto_o other_o and_o such_o person_n come_v not_o in_o by_o the_o pleasure_n and_o disposition_n of_o the_o party_n but_o by_o the_o justice_n and_o consideration_n of_o law_n and_o therefore_o of_o all_o other_o they_o be_v most_o favour_v and_o also_o they_o be_v principal_o three_o the_o king_n and_o lord_n who_o lose_v the_o benefit_n of_o 1._o attainder_n fine_n for_o alienation_n escheates_n aid_n herreot_n relief_n etc._n etc._n the_o defendant_n in_o praecipe_n either_o real_a or_o personal_a 2._o for_o debt_n and_o damage_n who_o lose_v the_o benefit_n of_o their_o recovery_n and_o execution_n tenant_n in_o dower_n and_o by_o the_o courtesy_n who_o lose_v 3._o their_o estate_n and_o tithe_n first_o for_o the_o king_n no_o law_n do_v endow_v the_o king_n or_o sovereign_a with_o more_o from_o suit_n and_o action_n his_o possession_n from_o interruption_n and_o disturbance_n his_o right_n from_o limitation_n of_o time_n his_o patent_n and_o gift_n from_o all_o deceit_n and_o false_a suggestion_n next_o the_o king_n be_v the_o lord_n who_o duty_n and_o right_n the_o law_n do_v much_o favour_n because_o the_o law_n suppose_v the_o land_n do_v original_o come_v from_o he_o for_o until_o the_o statute_n of_o quia_fw-la emptores_fw-la terrararum_fw-la the_o lord_n be_v not_o force_v to_o distrust_v or_o dismember_v his_o signiory_n or_o service_n so_o until_o 15._o henry_n 7._o the_o law_n be_v take_v that_o the_o lord_n upon_o his_o title_n of_o wardship_n shall_v be_v put_v to_o a_o conizee_n of_o a_o statute_n or_o a_o termor_n so_o again_o we_o see_v that_o the_o statute_n of_o mortmain_n be_v make_v to_o preserve_v the_o lord_n escheat_n and_o ward_n the_o tenant_n in_o dower_n be_v so_o much_o favour_v as_o that_o it_o be_v the_o common_a by_o word_n in_o the_o law_n that_o the_o law_n favour_v three_o thing_n 1._o life_n 2._o liberty_n 3._o dower_n so_o in_o case_n of_o voucher_n the_o feme_fw-fr shall_v not_o be_v delay_v but_o shall_v recover_v against_o the_o heir_n incontinent_a so_o likewise_o of_o tenant_n by_o courtesy_n it_o be_v call_v tenancy_n by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n and_o therefore_o special_o favour_v as_o a_o proper_a conceit_n and_o invention_n of_o our_o law_n so_o as_o again_o the_o law_n do_v favour_v such_o as_o have_v ancient_a right_n and_o therefore_o it_o tell_v we_o it_o be_v common_o say_v that_o a_o right_n can_v die_v and_o that_o ground_n of_o law_n that_o a_o free_a hold_n can_v be_v in_o suspense_n show_v it_o well_o insomuch_o that_o the_o law_n will_v rather_o give_v the_o land_n to_o the_o first_o comer_n which_o we_o call_v a_o occupant_n then_o want_v a_o tenant_n to_o a_o stranger_n action_n and_o again_o the_o other_o ancient_a ground_n of_o law_n of_o remitter_n show_v that_o where_o the_o tenant_n fail_v without_o folly_n in_o the_o defendant_n the_o law_n execute_v the_o ancient_a right_n to_o conclude_v therefore_o this_o point_n when_o this_o practice_n of_o feoffment_n in_o use_n do_v prejudice_n and_o dampnifie_v all_o those_o person_n that_o the_o ancient_a common_a law_n favour_v and_o do_v absolute_o cross_v the_o wisdom_n of_o the_o law_n to_o have_v conveyance_n considerate_a and_o not_o odious_a and_o to_o have_v trial_n thereupon_o clear_a and_o not_o inveigh_v it_o be_v no_o marvel_n that_o the_o statute_n conclude_v that_o their_o subtle_a imagination_n and_o abuse_n tend_v to_o the_o utter_a subversion_n of_o the_o ancient_a common_a law_n of_o this_o realm_n the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o preamble_n give_v a_o touch_n of_o the_o remedy_n which_o the_o statute_n intend_v to_o minister_v consist_v in_o two_o part_n first_o the_o expiration_n of_o feoffment_n 1._o second_o the_o take_v away_o of_o the_o hurt_n damage_n and_o 2._o deceit_n of_o the_o use_n out_o of_o which_o have_v be_v gather_v two_o extremity_n of_o opinion_n the_o first_o opinion_n be_v that_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o statute_n be_v to_o discontinue_v and_o banish_v all_o conveyance_n in_o use_n ground_v themselves_o both_o upon_o the_o word_n that_o the_o statute_n do_v not_o speak_v of_o the_o extinguishment_n or_o extirpation_n of_o the_o use_n viz._n by_o a_o unity_n of_o possession_n but_o of_o a_o extinguishment_n or_o extirpation_n of_o the_o feoffment_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v the_o conveyance_n itself_o second_o out_o of_o the_o word_n abuse_n and_o error_n heretofore_o use_v and_o accustom_v as_o if_o use_n have_v not_o be_v at_o the_o common_a law_n but_o have_v only_o a_o erroneous_a device_n or_o practice_n to_o both_o which_o i_o answer_v to_o the_o former_a that_o the_o extirpation_n which_o the_o statute_n mean_v be_v plain_a to_o be_v of_o the_o feoffee_n estate_n and_o not_o to_o the_o form_n of_o conveyance_n to_o the_o latter_a i_o say_v that_o for_o word_n abuse_n that_o may_v be_v a_o abuse_n of_o the_o law_n which_o be_v not_o against_o law_n as_o the_o take_v long_a lease_n at_o this_o day_n of_o land_n in_o capite_fw-la to_o defraud_v wardship_n be_v a_o abuse_n of_o the_o law_n which_o be_v not_o against_o law_n and_o by_o the_o word_n error_n the_o statute_n mean_v by_o it_o not_o a_o mistake_n of_o the_o law_n but_o wander_v or_o go_v astray_o or_o digress_v from_o the_o ancient_a practice_n of_o the_o law_n unto_o a_o buy_v course_n as_o when_o we_o
law_n it_o put_v in_o precise_o this_o word_n other_o mean_v the_o divide_a use_n and_o not_o the_o commune_a use_n and_o this_o cause_v the_o clause_n of_o joint_a feoffee_n to_o follow_v in_o a_o branch_n by_o itself_o for_o else_o that_o case_n have_v be_v doubtful_a upon_o this_o word_n other_o the_o word_n that_o be_v common_a to_o both_o be_v word_n express_v the_o conveyance_n whereby_o the_o use_n arise_v of_o which_o word_n those_o that_o breed_v any_o question_n be_v agreement_n will_n otherwise_o whereby_o some_o have_v infer_v that_o use_n may_v be_v raise_v by_o agreement_n paroll_fw-la so_o there_o be_v a_o consideration_n of_o money_n or_o other_o matter_n valuable_a for_o it_o be_v express_v in_o the_o word_n before_o bargain_n sale_n and_o contract_n but_o of_o blood_n or_o lin_z the_o error_n of_o which_o collection_n appear_v in_o the_o word_n immediate_o follow_v s._n will_n whereby_o they_o may_v aswell_o include_v that_o a_o man_n seize_v of_o land_n may_v raise_v a_o use_n by_o will_n especial_o to_o any_o of_o his_o son_n or_o kindred_n where_o there_o be_v a_o real_a consideration_n and_o by_o that_o reason_n mean_v betwixt_o this_o statute_n and_o the_o statute_n of_o 32._o of_o will_n land_n be_v deviseable_a especial_o to_o any_o man_n kindred_n which_o be_v clear_o otherwise_o and_o therefore_o those_o word_n be_v put_v in_o nor_o in_o regard_n of_o use_n raise_v by_o those_o convenience_n or_o without_o or_o likewise_o by_o will_n may_v be_v transfer_v and_o there_o be_v a_o person_n seize_v to_o a_o use_n by_o force_n of_o that_o agreement_n or_o will_n s._n to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o assign_v and_o for_o the_o word_n otherwise_o it_o shall_v by_o the_o generality_n of_o the_o word_n include_v a_o disseisin_n to_o a_o use_n but_o the_o whole_a scope_n of_o the_o statute_n cross_v that_o which_o be_v to_o execute_v such_o use_n as_o be_v confidence_n and_o trust_n which_o can_v not_o be_v in_o case_n of_o disseisin_n for_o if_o there_o be_v a_o commandment_n precedent_n than_o the_o land_n be_v vest_v in_o cesty_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n upon_o the_o entry_n and_o if_o the_o disseisin_n be_v of_o the_o disseisor_n own_o head_n then_o no_o trust_n and_o thus_o much_o for_o the_o case_n of_o supposition_n of_o this_o statute_n here_o follow_v the_o ordinance_n and_o purview_n thereupon_o the_o purview_n have_v two_o part_n the_o first_o operatio_fw-la statuti_fw-la the_o effect_n that_o the_o statute_n work_v and_o there_o be_v modus_fw-la operandi_fw-la a_o fiction_n or_o explanation_n how_o the_o statute_n do_v work_v that_o effect_n the_o effect_n be_v that_o cesty_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n shall_v be_v in_o possession_n of_o like_a estate_n as_o he_o have_v in_o the_o use_n the_o fiction_n quomodo_fw-la be_v that_o the_o statute_n will_v have_v the_o possession_n of_o cesty_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n as_o a_o new_a body_n compound_v of_o matter_n and_o form_n and_o that_o the_o feoffee_n shall_v give_v matter_n and_o substance_n and_o the_o use_n shall_v give_v form_n and_o quality_n the_o material_a word_n in_o the_o first_o part_n of_o the_o purview_n be_v four_o the_o first_o word_n be_v remainder_n and_o reverture_n the_o statute_n have_v speak_v before_o of_o use_n in_o fee-simple_n in_o tail_n for_o life_n or_o year_n add_v or_o otherwise_o in_o remainder_n reverture_n whereby_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o first_o word_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o use_n in_o possession_n for_o there_o be_v two_o substantial_a and_o essential_a difference_n of_o estate_n the_o one_o limit_v the_o time_n for_o all_o estate_n be_v but_o time_n of_o their_o continuantes_fw-la the_o former_a make_v little_a difference_n of_o fee-simple_n fee_n tail_n for_o life_n or_o year_n and_o the_o other_o make_v difference_n of_o possession_n as_o remainder_n all_o other_o difference_n of_o estate_n be_v but_o accident_n as_o shall_v be_v say_v hereafter_o these_o two_o the_o statute_n mean_v to_o take_v hold_n of_o and_o at_o the_o word_n remainder_n and_o reverture_n it_o stopp_v it_o add_v not_o word_n right_o title_n or_o possibility_n nor_o it_o have_v not_o general_a word_n or_o otherwise_o it_o be_v most_o plain_a that_o the_o statute_n mean_v to_o execute_v no_o inferior_a use_n to_o remainder_n or_o reverture_n that_o be_v to_o say_v no_o possibility_n or_o contingence_n but_o estate_n only_o such_o as_o the_o feoffee_n may_v have_v execute_v by_o conscience_n make_v note_v also_o the_o very_a letter_n of_o the_o statute_n do_v take_v notice_n of_o a_o difference_n between_o a_o use_n in_o remainder_n and_o a_o use_n in_o reverture_n which_o though_o it_o can_v proper_o because_o it_o do_v not_o depend_v upon_o particular_a estate_n as_o remainder_n do_v neither_o do_v then_o before_o the_o statute_n draw_v any_o tenure_n as_o reversion_n do_v yet_o the_o statute_n intend_v that_o there_o be_v a_o difference_n when_o the_o particular_a use_n and_o the_o use_v limit_v upon_o the_o particular_a use_n be_v both_o new_a use_n in_o which_o case_n it_o be_v a_o use_n in_o remainder_n and_o where_o the_o particular_a use_n be_v a_o new_a use_n and_o the_o remnant_n of_o the_o use_n be_v the_o old_a use_n in_o which_o case_n it_o be_v a_o use_n in_o reverter_n the_o next_o material_a word_n be_v from_o henceforth_o which_o do_v exclude_v all_o conceit_n of_o relation_n that_o cesty_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n shall_v not_o come_v in_o as_o from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o first_o feoffment_n to_o use_v as_o bradnells_n conceit_n be_v in_o 14._o henry_n 8._o that_o be_v the_o feoffee_n have_v grant_v a_o rent_n charge_n and_o cesty_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n have_v make_v a_o feoffment_n in_o fee_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o 1._o richard_n 3._o the_o feoffee_n shall_v have_v hold_v it_o discharge_v because_o the_o act_n of_o cesty_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n shall_v put_v the_o feoffee_n in_fw-la as_o if_o cesty_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n have_v be_v seize_v in_o from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o first_o use_v limit_v and_o therefore_o the_o statute_n do_v take_v away_o all_o such_o ambiguity_n and_o express_v that_o cesty_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n shall_v be_v in_o possession_n from_o henceforth_o that_o be_v from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o parliament_n for_o use_n then_o in_o be_v and_o from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o execution_n for_o use_n limit_v after_o the_o parliament_n the_o three_o material_a word_n be_v lawful_a seisin_n state_n and_o possession_n not_o a_o possession_n in_o law_n only_o but_o a_o seisin_n in_o tail_n not_o a_o title_n to_o enter_v into_o the_o land_n but_o a_o actual_a estate_n the_o four_o word_n be_v of_o and_o in_o such_o estate_n as_o they_o have_v in_o the_o use_n that_o be_v to_o say_v little_a estate_n fee-simple_n fee_n tail_n life_n for_o year_n at_o will_n and_o possession_n and_o reversion_n which_o be_v the_o substantial_a difference_n of_o estate_n as_o be_v say_v before_o but_o both_o their_o latter_a clause_n be_v more_o full_o perfect_v and_o expound_v by_o the_o branch_n of_o the_o fiction_n of_o the_o statute_n which_o follow_v this_o branch_n of_o fiction_n have_v three_o material_a word_n or_o clause_n the_o first_o material_a clause_n be_v that_o the_o estate_n right_o title_n and_o possession_n that_o be_v in_o such_o person_n etc._n etc._n shall_v be_v in_o cesty_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n for_o that_o the_o matter_n and_o substance_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o cesty_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n be_v the_o estate_n of_o the_o feoffee_n and_o more_o he_o can_v have_v so_o as_o if_o the_o use_n be_v limit_v to_o cesty_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n and_o his_o heir_n and_o the_o estate_n out_o of_o which_o it_o be_v limit_v be_v but_o a_o estate_n for_o life_n cesty_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n can_v have_v no_o inheritance_n so_o if_o when_o the_o statute_n come_v the_o heir_n of_o the_o feoffee_n have_v not_o enter_v after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o ancestor_n but_o have_v only_o a_o possession_n in_o law_n cesty_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n in_o that_o case_n shall_v not_o bring_v a_o assize_n before_o entry_n because_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o feoffee_n can_v not_o so_o that_o the_o matter_n whereupon_o the_o use_n must_v work_v be_v the_o feoffee_n estate_n but_o note_v here_o whereas_o before_o when_o the_o statute_n speak_v of_o the_o use_n it_o speak_v only_o of_o use_n in_o possession_n remainder_n and_o treverter_n but_o not_o in_o title_n or_o right_n now_o when_o the_o statute_n speak_v what_o shall_v be_v take_v from_o the_o feoffee_n it_o speak_v of_o title_n and_o right_n so_o that_o the_o statute_n take_v more_o from_o the_o feoffee_n than_o it_o execute_v present_o in_o case_n where_o there_o be_v use_n in_o contingence_n which_o be_v but_o title_n the_o second_o word_n be_v clear_o which_o seem_v proper_o and_o direct_o to_o meet_v with_o the_o conceit_n of_o scintilla_fw-la iuris_fw-la as_o
maintain_v though_o i_o limit_v no_o particular_a estate_n at_o all_o yet_o the_o use_n be_v good_a and_o shall_v in_o the_o interim_n return_v to_o the_o feoffor_n contrary_a law_n if_o i_o once_o limit_v the_o whole_a fee-simple_n of_o the_o use_n out_o of_o land_n and_o part_n thereof_o to_o a_o person_n incertain_a it_o shall_v never_o return_v to_o the_o feoffer_n by_o way_n of_o fraction_n of_o the_o use_n but_o look_v how_o it_o shall_v have_v go_v unto_o the_o feoffer_n if_o i_o begin_v with_o a_o contingent_a use_n so_o it_o shall_v go_v to_o the_o remainder_n if_o i_o entail_v a_o contingent_a use_n both_o estate_n be_v alike_o subject_a to_o the_o contingent_a use_n when_o it_o fall_v as_o when_o i_o make_v a_o feoffment_n in_o fee_n to_o the_o use_n of_o my_o wife_n for_o life_n the_o remainder_n to_o my_o first_o beget_v son_n i_o have_v no_o son_n at_o that_o time_n the_o remainder_n to_o my_o brother_n and_o his_o heir_n if_o my_o wife_n die_v before_o i_o have_v any_o son_n the_o use_n shall_v not_o be_v in_o i_o but_o in_o my_o brother_n and_o yet_o if_o i_o marry_v again_o and_o have_v a_o son_n it_o shall_v divest_v from_o my_o brother_n and_o be_v in_o my_o son_n which_o be_v the_o skip_v they_o talk_v so_o much_o of_o so_o if_o i_o limit_v a_o use_n joint_o to_o two_o person_n not_o in_o esse_fw-la and_o the_o one_o come_v to_o be_v in_o esse_fw-la he_o shall_v take_v the_o entire_a use_n and_o yet_o if_o the_o other_o afterward_o come_v in_o esse_fw-la he_o shall_v take_v joint_o with_o the_o former_a as_o if_o i_o make_v a_o feoffment_n to_o the_o use_n of_o my_o wife_n that_o shall_v be_v and_o my_o first_o beget_v son_n for_o their_o life_n and_o i_o marry_v my_o wise_a take_v the_o whole_a use_n and_o if_o i_o afterwards_o have_v a_o son_n he_o take_v joint_o with_o my_o wife_n but_o yet_o where_o word_n of_o obeyance_n work_n to_o a_o estate_n execute_v in_o course_n of_o possession_n it_o shall_v do_v the_o like_a in_o use_n as_o if_o i_o enfeoffee_n a._n to_o the_o use_n of_o b._n for_o life_n the_o remainder_n to_o c._o for_o life_n the_o remainder_n to_o the_o right_a heir_n of_o b._n this_o be_v a_o good_a remainder_n execute_v so_o if_o i_o enfeoffee_n a._n to_o the_o use_n of_o his_o right_a heir_n a._n be_v in_o the_o fee-simple_n not_o by_o the_o statute_n but_o by_o the_o common_a law_n now_o be_v we_o to_o examine_v a_o special_a point_n of_o the_o disability_n of_o person_n as_o to_o take_v by_o the_o statute_n and_o that_o upon_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n where_o divers_a person_n be_v seize_v to_o the_o use_n of_o other_o person_n so_o that_o by_o the_o letter_n of_o the_o statute_n no_o use_n be_v contain_v but_o where_o the_o feoffor_n be_v one_o and_o cesty_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n be_v another_o therefore_o it_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o what_o case_n the_o same_o person_n shall_v be_v both_o seize_v to_o the_o use_n and_o cesty_fw-fr a_o que_fw-fr use_n and_o yet_o in_o by_o the_o statute_n and_o in_o what_o case_n they_o shall_v be_v diverse_a person_n and_o yet_o in_o by_o the_o common_a law_n wherein_o i_o observe_v unto_o you_o three_o thing_n first_o that_o the_o letter_n be_v full_a in_o the_o point_n second_o that_o it_o be_v strong_o urge_v by_o the_o clause_n of_o joint_a estate_n follow_v three_o that_o the_o whole_a scope_n of_o the_o statute_n be_v to_o remit_v the_o common_a law_n and_o never_o to_o intermeddle_v where_o the_o common_a law_n execute_v a_o estate_n therefore_o the_o statute_n ought_v to_o be_v expound_v that_o where_o the_o party_n seize_v to_o the_o use_n and_o the_o cesty_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n be_v one_o person_n he_o never_o take_v by_o the_o statute_n except_o there_o be_v a_o direct_a impossibilty_n or_o impertinency_n for_o the_o use_n to_o take_v effect_n by_o the_o common_a law_n and_o if_o i_o give_v land_n to_o i._n s._n to_o the_o use_n of_o himself_o and_o his_o heir_n and_o if_o i._n d._n pay_v a_o sum_n of_o money_n then_o to_o the_o use_n of_o i._n d._n and_o his_o heir_n i._n s._n be_v in_o of_o a_o estate_n for_o life_n or_o for_o year_n by_o way_n of_o abridgement_n of_o estate_n in_o course_n of_o possession_n and_o i._n d._n in_o of_o the_o fee-simple_n by_o the_o statute_n so_o if_o i_o bargain_n and_o sell_v my_o land_n after_o seven_o year_n the_o inheritance_n of_o the_o use_n only_o pass_v and_o there_o remain_v a_o estate_n for_o year_n by_o a_o kind_n of_o substraction_n of_o the_o inheritance_n or_o occupyer_n of_o my_o estate_n but_o mere_o at_o the_o common_a law_n but_o if_o i_o enfeoffee_n i._n s._n to_o the_o use_n of_o himself_o entail_v and_o then_o to_o the_o use_n of_o i._n d._n in_o fee_n or_o covenant_n to_o stand_v seize_v to_o the_o use_n of_o myself_o in_o tail_n and_o to_o the_o use_n of_o my_o wife_n in_o fee_n in_o both_o these_o case_n the_o estate_n tail_n be_v execute_v by_o this_o statute_n because_o a_o estate_n tail_n can_v be_v reoccupy_v out_o of_o a_o fee-simple_n be_v a_o new_a estate_n and_o not_o like_o a_o particular_a estate_n for_o life_n or_o year_n which_o be_v but_o portion_n of_o the_o absolute_a fee_n and_o therefore_o if_o i_o bargain_n and_o sell_v my_o land_n to_o i._n s._n after_o my_o death_n without_o issue_n it_o do_v not_o leave_v a_o estate_n tail_n in_o i_o nor_o ve_v any_o present_a fee_n in_o the_o bargain_n but_o be_v a_o use_n expectant_a so_o if_o i_o enfeoffee_n i._n s._n to_o the_o use_n of_o i._n d._n for_o life_n and_o then_o to_o the_o use_n of_o himself_o and_o his_o heir_n he_o be_v in_o of_o the_o fee-simple_n mere_o in_o course_n of_o possession_n and_o as_o of_o a_o reversion_n and_o not_o of_o a_o remainder_n contrary_a law_n if_o i_o enfeoffee_n i._n s._n to_o the_o use_n of_o i._n d._n for_o life_n then_o to_o the_o use_n of_o himself_o for_o life_n the_o remainder_n to_o the_o use_n of_o i._n n._n in_o fee_n now_o the_o law_n will_v not_o admit_v fraction_n of_o estate_n but_o i._n s._n be_v in_o with_o the_o â—est_n by_o the_o statute_n so_o if_o i_o enfeoffee_n i_o s_o to_o the_o use_n of_o himself_o and_o a_o stranger_n they_o shall_v be_v both_o in_o by_o the_o statute_n because_o they_o can_v not_o take_v joint_o take_v by_o several_a title_n like_o law_n if_o i_o enfeoffee_n a_o bishop_n and_o his_o heir_n to_o the_o use_n of_o himself_o and_o his_o successor_n he_o be_v in_o by_o the_o statute_n in_o the_o right_a of_o his_o sea_n and_o as_o i_o can_v raise_v a_o present_a use_n to_o one_o out_o of_o his_o own_o seisin_n so_o if_o i_o limit_v a_o contingent_a or_o future_a use_n to_o one_o be_v at_o the_o time_n of_o limitation_n not_o seize_v but_o after_o become_v seize_v at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o execution_n of_o contingent_a use_n there_o be_v the_o same_o reason_n and_o the_o same_o law_n and_o upon_o the_o same_o difference_n which_o i_o have_v put_v before_o as_o if_o i_o covenant_n with_o my_o son_n that_o after_o his_o marriage_n i_o will_v stand_v seize_v of_o land_n to_o the_o use_n of_o himself_o and_o his_o heir_n and_o before_o marriage_n i_o enfeoffee_n he_o to_o the_o use_n of_o himself_o and_o his_o heir_n and_o then_o he_o marry_v he_o be_v in_o by_o the_o common_a law_n and_o not_o by_o the_o statute_n like_o law_n of_o a_o bargain_n and_o sale_n but_o if_o i_o have_v let_v to_o he_o for_o life_n only_o than_o he_o shall_v have_v be_v in_o for_o life_n only_o by_o the_o common_a law_n and_o of_o the_o fee-simple_n by_o statute_n now_o let_v i_o advise_v you_o of_o this_o that_o it_o be_v not_o a_o matter_n of_o subtlety_n or_o conceit_n to_o take_v the_o law_n right_a when_o a_o man_n come_v in_o by_o the_o law_n in_o course_n of_o possession_n and_o where_o he_o come_v in_o by_o the_o statute_n in_o course_n of_o possession_n but_o it_o be_v material_a for_o the_o decide_n of_o many_o cause_n and_o question_n as_o for_o warranty_n action_n condition_n wayner_n suspicion_n and_o divers_a other_o proviso_n for_o example_n a_o man_n farmer_n commit_v waste_n after_o he_o in_o the_o reversion_n covenant_v to_o stand_v seize_v to_o the_o use_n of_o his_o wife_n for_o life_n and_o after_o to_o the_o use_n of_o himself_o and_o his_o heir_n his_o wife_n die_v if_o he_o be_v in_o his_o fee_n untouched_a he_o shall_v punish_v the_o waste_n if_o he_o be_v in_o by_o the_o statute_n he_o shall_v not_o punish_v it_o so_o if_o i_o be_v enfeoff_v with_o warranty_n and_o i_o covenant_n with_o my_o son_n to_o stand_v seize_v to_o the_o use_n of_o myself_o for_o
possession_n and_o not_o of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o use_n because_o a_o use_n be_v no_o right_a nor_o interest_n so_o again_o you_o see_v that_o littleton_n conceit_n that_o a_o use_n shall_v amount_v to_o a_o tenancy_n at_o will_n whereupon_o a_o release_n may_v well_o enure_v because_o of_o pravity_n be_v control_v by_o 4._o et_fw-fr 5._o h._n 7._o and_o diverse_a other_o book_n which_o say_v that_o cesty_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n be_v punishable_a in_o a_o action_n of_o trespass_n towards_o the_o feoffee_n only_o 5._o h._n 5._o seem_v to_o be_v at_o some_o discord_n with_o other_o book_n where_o it_o be_v admit_v for_o law_n that_o if_o there_o be_v cesty_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n of_o a_o advowson_n and_o he_o be_v outlaw_v in_o a_o personal_a action_n the_o king_n shall_v have_v the_o presentment_n which_o case_n master_n evans_n in_o the_o argument_n of_o chudley_n case_n do_v seem_v to_o reconcile_v this_o where_n cesty_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n be_v utlaird_v have_v present_v in_o his_o own_o name_n there_o the_o king_n shall_v remove_v his_o incumbent_n and_o no_o such_o thing_n can_v be_v collect_v upon_o that_o book_n and_o therefore_o i_o conceive_v the_o error_n grow_v upon_o this_o that_o because_o it_o be_v general_o think_v that_o a_o use_n be_v but_o a_o penancy_n of_o profit_n and_o then_o again_o because_o the_o law_n be_v that_o upon_o utlayer_n upon_o personal_a action_n the_o king_n shall_v have_v the_o penancy_n of_o profit_n they_o take_v that_o to_o be_v one_o and_o the_o self_n same_o thing_n which_o cesty_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n have_v and_o which_o the_o king_n be_v entitle_v unto_o which_o be_v not_o so_o for_o the_o king_n have_v remedy_n in_o law_n for_o his_o penancy_n of_o profit_n but_o cesty_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n have_v none_o the_o book_n go_v further_a and_o say_v that_o a_o use_n be_v nothing_o as_o in_o 2._o h._n 7._o dett_n fuit_fw-la port_n and_o count_v sur_fw-mi lea_n for_o year_n rend_v etc._n etc._n the_o defendant_n plead_v in_o bar_n that_o the_o plaintiff_n nihil_fw-la habuit_fw-la tempore_fw-la divisionis_fw-la the_o plaintiff_n make_v a_o special_a replication_n and_o show_v that_o he_o have_v no_o use_n and_o issue_v join_v upon_o that_o wherefore_o it_o appear_v that_o if_o he_o have_v take_v issue_n upon_o the_o defendant_n plea_n it_o shall_v have_v be_v find_v against_o he_o so_o again_o in_o 4._o reginae_fw-la in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o lord_n sand_n the_o truth_n of_o the_o case_n be_v a_o fine_a levy_v by_o cesty_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n before_o the_o statute_n and_o this_o come_n in_o question_n since_o the_o statute_n upon_o a_o averment_n by_o the_o plaintiff_n quod_fw-la partes_fw-la finis_fw-la nihil_fw-la habuerint_fw-la it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o defendant_n may_v show_v the_o special_a matter_n of_o â—_z use_n and_o it_o shall_v be_v no_o departure_n from_o the_o first_o plead_v of_o the_o same_o and_o it_o be_v say_v further_a that_o the_o averment_n give_v in_o 4._o h._n 7._o quod_fw-la partes_fw-la finis_fw-la nihil_fw-la habuerint_fw-la nec_fw-la in_fw-la possessione_fw-la nec_fw-la in_fw-la usu_fw-la go_v out_o upon_o this_o statute_n of_o 27._o hen._n 8._o and_o be_v no_o more_o now_o to_o be_v accept_v but_o yet_o it_o appear_v that_o if_o issue_n have_v be_v take_v upon_o the_o general_a averment_n without_o the_o special_a matter_n show_v it_o shall_v have_v be_v find_v for_o he_o that_o take_v the_o averment_n because_o a_o use_n be_v nothing_o but_o these_o book_n be_v not_o to_o be_v take_v general_o or_o gross_o for_o we_o see_v in_o the_o same_o book_n when_o a_o use_n be_v special_o allege_v the_o law_n take_v knowledge_n of_o it_o but_o the_o sense_n of_o it_o be_v that_o use_n be_v nothing_o for_o which_o remedy_n be_v give_v by_o the_o course_n of_o the_o common_a law_n so_o as_o the_o law_n know_v it_o but_o protect_v it_o not_o and_o therefore_o when_o the_o question_n come_v whether_o it_o have_v any_o being_n in_o nature_n and_o conscience_n the_o law_n accept_v of_o it_o and_o therefore_o littleton_n case_n be_v good_a law_n that_o he_o which_o have_v but_o forty_o shilling_n freehold_n in_o use_n shall_v be_v swear_v in_o a_o inquest_n for_o it_o be_v rule_v secundum_fw-la dominium_fw-la laterale_a and_o not_o secundum_fw-la deminium_fw-la legitimum_fw-la nam_fw-la natura_fw-la dominus_fw-la est_fw-la quia_fw-la fructum_fw-la ex_fw-la re_fw-la percipit_fw-la and_o some_o doubt_n upon_o subsidy_n and_o tax_n cesty_fw-fr que_fw-la use_n shall_v be_v value_v as_o a_o owner_n so_o likewise_o if_o cesty_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n have_v resolve_v his_o use_n unto_o the_o feoffee_n for_o six_o pound_n or_o contract_v with_o a_o stranger_n for_o the_o like_a some_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o it_o be_v a_o good_a construction_n whereon_o to_o ground_v a_o action_n upon_o the_o case_n for_o money_n for_o release_v of_o a_o suit_n in_o the_o chancery_n be_v a_o good_a quid_fw-la pro_fw-la quo_fw-la therefore_o to_o conclude_v though_o a_o use_n be_v nothing_o in_o law_n to_o yield_v remedy_n by_o course_n of_o law_n yet_o it_o be_v somewhat_o in_o reputation_n of_o law_n and_o conscience_n for_o that_o may_v be_v somewhat_o in_o conscience_n which_o be_v nothing_o in_o law_n like_o as_o that_o may_v be_v something_o in_o law_n which_o be_v nothing_o in_o conscience_n as_o if_o the_o feoffee_n have_v make_v a_o feoffment_n over_o in_o fee_n bona_fw-la fide_fw-la upon_o good_a consideration_n and_o upon_o a_o subpoena_n bring_v against_o they_o he_o plead_v this_o matter_n in_o chancery_n this_o have_v be_v nothing_o in_o conscience_n not_o as_o to_o discharge_v they_o of_o damage_n a_o second_o negative_a fit_n to_o be_v understand_v be_v that_o a_o use_n be_v no_o covin_z nor_o it_o be_v no_o collusion_n as_o the_o word_n be_v now_o use_v for_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o where_o a_o man_n do_v remove_v the_o state_n and_o possession_n of_o land_n or_o good_n out_o of_o himself_o unto_o another_o upon_o trust_n it_o be_v either_o a_o special_a trust_n or_o a_o general_a trust_n the_o special_a trust_n be_v either_o lawful_a or_o unlawful_a the_o special_a trust_n unlawful_a be_v according_a to_o the_o case_n provide_v for_o by_o ancient_a statute_n of_o the_o profit_n as_o where_o it_o be_v to_o defraud_v creditor_n or_o to_o get_v man_n to_o maintain_v suit_n or_o to_o defeat_v the_o tenancy_n to_o the_o precipe_fw-la or_o the_o statute_n of_o mortmain_n or_o the_o lord_n of_o their_o wardship_n or_o the_o like_a and_o those_o be_v term_v fraud_n covin_n or_o collusion_n the_o special_a trust_n lawful_a be_v as_o when_o i_o enfeoffee_n some_o of_o my_o friend_n because_o i_o be_o to_o go_v beyond_o the_o sea_n or_o because_o i_o will_v free_v the_o land_n from_o some_o several_a statute_n or_o bond_n which_o i_o be_o to_o enter_v into_o or_o upon_o intent_n to_o be_v enfeoff_v or_o intent_n to_o vouch_a and_o so_o to_o suffer_v a_o common_a recovery_n or_o upon_o intent_n that_o the_o feoffee_n shall_v enfeoffee_n over_o a_o stranger_n and_o infinite_a the_o like_a intent_n and_o purpose_n which_o fall_v out_o in_o man_n deal_n and_o occasion_n and_o this_o we_o call_v confidence_n and_o the_o book_n do_v call_v they_o intent_n but_o where_o the_o trust_n be_v not_o special_a nor_o transitory_a but_o general_a and_o permanent_a there_o it_o be_v a_o use_n and_o therefore_o these_o three_o be_v to_o be_v distinguish_v and_o not_o confound_v by_o covin_z confidence_n use_n so_o as_o now_o we_o be_v come_v by_o negative_n to_o the_o affirmative_a what_o a_o use_n be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o definition_n in_o plowden_n 352._o de_fw-la lamers_n case_n where_o it_o be_v say_v use_n be_v a_o trust_n repose_v by_o any_o person_n in_o the_o terre-tenant_n that_o he_o may_v suffer_v he_o to_o take_v the_o profit_n and_o he_o that_o will_v perform_v his_o intent_n but_o it_o be_v a_o short_a speech_n to_o say_v that_o usus_fw-la est_fw-la dommium_fw-la fiduciarium_fw-la use_n be_v a_o owner_n life_n in_o trust_n so_o that_o usus_fw-la est_fw-la status_fw-la sive_fw-la possessio_fw-la totius_fw-la differ_v secundum_fw-la rationem_fw-la fori_fw-la quà m_fw-la secundum_fw-la naturam_fw-la rei_fw-la for_o that_o one_o of_o they_o be_v in_o court_n of_o law_n the_o other_o in_o court_n of_o conscience_n and_o for_o a_o trust_n which_o be_v the_o way_n to_o a_o use_n it_o be_v exceed_o well_o define_v by_o a_o civilian_n of_o great_a understanding_n fides_fw-la est_fw-la obligatio_fw-la conscientiae_fw-la unjus_fw-la ad_fw-la intentionem_fw-la alterius_fw-la and_o they_o have_v a_o good_a division_n likewise_o of_o right_n ius_fw-la precarium_fw-la ius_fw-la fiduciarium_fw-la ius_fw-la legitimum_fw-la a_o right_a in_o courtesy_n for_o the_o which_o there_o be_v no_o remedy_n at_o all_o 1._o a_o right_n in_o trust_n for_o which_o there_o be_v a_o remedy_n only_o but_o in_o 2._o
say_v to_o be_v at_o the_o common_a law_n and_o both_o the_o general_a trust_n and_o the_o special_a be_v thing_n not_o prohibit_v by_o the_o law_n though_o they_o be_v not_o remedy_v by_o the_o law_n so_o the_o experience_n and_o practice_n of_o use_n be_v not_o ancient_a and_o my_o reason_n why_o i_o think_v so_o be_v these_o first_o i_o can_v find_v in_o my_o evidence_n before_o king_n r._n 2._o his_o time_n the_o clause_n ad_fw-la opus_fw-la et_fw-la usum_fw-la and_o the_o very_a latin_a phrase_n be_v much_o pure_a as_o you_o may_v see_v by_o bractons_n write_v and_o by_o ancient_a patent_n and_o deed_n and_o chief_o by_o the_o register_n of_o writ_n which_o be_v good_a latin_a wherein_o this_o phrase_n ad_fw-la opus_fw-la et_fw-la usum_fw-la and_o the_o word_n ad_fw-la opus_fw-la be_v a_o barbarous_a phrase_n and_o like_a enough_o to_o be_v in_o the_o pennin_n of_o some_o chaplain_n that_o be_v not_o much_o past_o his_o grammar_n where_o he_o have_v find_v opus_fw-la et_fw-la usus_fw-la couple_v together_o and_o that_o they_o do_v govern_v a_o ablative_a case_n as_o they_o do_v indeed_o since_o this_o statute_n for_o they_o take_v away_o the_o land_n and_o put_v they_o into_o a_o conveyance_n second_o i_o find_v in_o no_o private_a act_n of_o attainder_n in_o the_o clause_n of_o forfeiture_n of_o land_n s_o which_o he_o have_v in_o possession_n or_o in_o use_n until_o ed._n 4._o his_o reign_n three_o i_o find_v the_o word_n use_n in_o no_o statute_n until_o 7._o rich._n 2._o cap._n 11._o of_o proviso_n and_o in_o 15._o ric._n 2._o of_o mortmame_n four_o i_o collect_v out_o of_o cook_n speech_n in_o 8._o edw._n 4._o where_o he_o say_v that_o by_o the_o advice_n of_o all_o the_o judge_n it_o be_v think_v that_o the_o subpoena_n do_v not_o lie_v against_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o feoffee_n which_o be_v in_o by_o law_n but_o cesty_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n be_v drive_v to_o his_o bill_n in_o parliament_n that_o use_v even_o in_o that_o time_n be_v but_o in_o their_o infancy_n for_o no_o doubt_n but_o at_o the_o first_o the_o chancery_n make_v difficulty_n to_o give_v remedy_n at_o all_o but_o to_o leave_v it_o to_o the_o particular_a conscience_n of_o the_o feoffee_n but_o after_o the_o chancery_n grow_v absolute_a as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o 15._o hen._n 6._o that_o complaint_n in_o chancery_n shall_v enter_v into_o bond_n to_o prove_v their_o suggestion_n which_o seem_v that_o the_o chancery_n at_o that_o time_n begin_v to_o embrace_v too_o far_o and_o be_v use_v for_o vexation_n yet_o nevertheless_o it_o make_v scruple_n to_o give_v remedy_n against_o the_o heir_n be_v in_o by_o act_n in_o law_n though_o he_o be_v privy_a so_o that_o it_o can_v be_v that_o use_n have_v be_v of_o any_o great_a continuance_n when_o they_o make_v a_o question_n as_o for_o the_o case_n of_o matrimony_n prelomti_n it_o have_v no_o affinity_n with_o use_n for_o wheresoever_o there_o be_v remedy_n at_o the_o common-law_n by_o action_n it_o can_v be_v intend_v to_o be_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o use_n and_o for_o the_o book_n common_o vouch_v of_o ass._n where_o the_o earl_n call_v the_o possession_n of_o a_o conizee_n upon_o a_o fine_a levy_v by_o consent_n a_o entry_n in_o auterdroit_fw-fr and_o 44._o of_o e._n 3._o where_o there_o be_v mention_n of_o the_o feoffor_n that_o sue_v by_o petition_n to_o the_o king_n they_o be_v but_o implication_n of_o no_o moment_n so_o as_o it_o appear_v the_o first_o practice_n of_o use_n be_v about_o richard_n 2_o his_o time_n and_o the_o great_a multiply_a and_o overspread_v of_o they_o be_v partly_o during_o the_o war_n in_o france_n which_o draw_v most_o of_o the_o nobility_n to_o be_v absent_a from_o their_o possession_n and_o partly_o during_o the_o time_n of_o the_o trouble_n and_o civil_a war_n between_o the_o two_o house_n about_o the_o title_n of_o the_o crown_n now_o to_o conclude_v the_o progression_n of_o use_n in_o course_n 1_o of_o statute_n i_o do_v note_v three_o special_a point_n that_o a_o use_n have_v never_o any_o force_n at_o all_o at_o the_o common-law_n 2_o but_o by_o statute_n law_n that_o there_o be_v never_o any_o statute_n make_v direct_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o cesty_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n as_o that_o the_o descent_n of_o a_o use_n shall_v toll_v a_o entry_n or_o that_o a_o release_n shall_v be_v good_a to_o the_o partner_n of_o the_o profit_n or_o the_o like_a but_o always_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o stranger_n and_o other_o person_n against_o cesty_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n and_o his_o feoffee_n for_o though_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o richard_n 3._o he_o may_v alter_v his_o feoffee_n yet_o that_o be_v not_o the_o scope_n of_o the_o statute_n but_o to_o make_v good_a his_o assurance_n to_o other_o person_n and_o the_o other_o come_v in_o et_fw-la obliquo_fw-la that_o the_o special_a intent_n unlawful_a and_o covinous_a be_v 3_o the_o original_a of_o use_n though_o after_o it_o induce_v to_o the_o lawful_a intent_n general_a and_o special_a for_o 5._o edward_n 3._o be_v the_o first_o statute_n i_o find_v wherein_o mention_n be_v make_v of_o the_o take_n of_o profit_n by_o one_o where_o the_o estate_n in_o law_n be_v another_o for_o as_o to_o the_o opinion_n in_o 27._o henr._n 8._o that_o in_o case_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o marlebridge_n the_o feoffor_n take_v the_o profit_n it_o be_v but_o a_o conceit_n for_o the_o law_n be_v this_o day_n that_o if_o a_o man_n enfeoffee_n his_o elder_a son_n within_o age_n and_o without_o consideration_n although_o the_o profit_n be_v take_v to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o son_n yet_o it_o be_v a_o feoffment_n within_o the_o statute_n of_o religiosis_fw-la and_o as_o for_o 7._o edward_n 1._o which_o prohibit_v general_o that_o religious_a person_n shall_v not_o purchase_v arte_fw-la vel_fw-la ingenio_fw-la yet_o it_o make_v no_o mention_n of_o a_o use_n but_o it_o say_v colore_fw-la donationis_fw-la termini_fw-la vel_fw-la alicusus_fw-la tituli_fw-la recite_v there_o three_o form_n of_o conveyance_n the_o gift_n the_o long_a lease_n and_o feign_a recovery_n which_o gift_n can_v be_v understand_v of_o a_o gift_n to_o a_o stranger_n to_o their_o use_n for_o that_o come_v to_o be_v holpen_v by_o 15_o richard_n 2._o long_a after_o but_o to_o proceed_v in_o 5._o edward_n 3._o a_o statute_n be_v make_v for_o the_o relief_n of_o creditor_n against_o such_o as_o make_v covin_z gift_n of_o their_o land_n and_o good_n and_o convey_v their_o body_n into_o sanctuary_n there_o live_v high_a upon_o other_o good_n and_o therefore_o that_o statute_n make_v their_o land_n liable_a to_o their_o creditor_n execution_n in_o that_o particular_a case_n if_o they_o take_v the_o profit_n in_o 5._o richard_n 2._o a_o statute_n be_v make_v for_o relief_n of_o those_o as_o have_v right_a of_o action_n against_o those_o as_o have_v renounce_v the_o tenancy_n of_o the_o praecipe_n from_o they_o sometime_o by_o infeoff_a great_a person_n for_o maintenance_n and_o sometime_o by_o secret_a feoffment_n to_o other_o whereof_o the_o defendant_n can_v have_v no_o notice_n and_o therefore_o the_o statute_n make_v the_o recovery_n good_a in_o all_o action_n against_o the_o first_o feoffee_n as_o they_o take_v the_o profit_n and_o see_v that_o the_o defendant_n bring_v their_o action_n within_o a_o year_n at_o their_o expulsion_n 2._o richard_n 2._o cap._n 3._o session_n 2._o a_o imperfection_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o 50._o edward_n 3._o be_v holpen_v for_o whereas_o the_o statute_n take_v no_o place_n but_o where_o the_o defendant_n appear_v and_o so_o be_v frustrate_v the_o statute_n give_v upon_o proclamation_n make_v at_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o place_n privilege_v that_o the_o land_n shall_v be_v liable_a without_o appearance_n in_o 7._o r._n 2._o a_o statute_n be_v make_v for_o the_o restraint_n of_o alien_n to_o take_v thy_o benefice_n or_o dignity_n ecclesiastical_a or_o farm_n of_o administration_n to_o they_o without_o the_o king_n special_a licence_n upon_o pain_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o provisor_n which_o be_v remedy_v by_o a_o former_a statute_n where_o the_o alien_n take_v it_o to_o his_o own_o use_n it_o be_v by_o that_o statute_n remedy_v where_o the_o alien_n take_v it_o to_o the_o use_n of_o another_o as_o it_o be_v say_v in_o the_o book_n though_o i_o guess_v that_o if_o the_o record_n be_v search_v it_o shall_v be_v if_o any_o other_o purchase_v to_o the_o use_n of_o a_o alien_n and_o that_o the_o word_n or_o to_o the_o use_n of_o another_o shall_v be_v or_o any_o other_o to_o his_o use_n 15._o rich._n 2._o cap._n 5._o a_o statute_n be_v make_v for_o the_o relief_n of_o lord_n against_o mortmayne_n where_o feoffment_n be_v make_v to_o the_o use_n of_o corporation_n and_o a_o ordinance_n make_v that_o for_o feoffment_n past_a the_o feoffee_n shall_v
the_o precedent_n or_o pattern_n of_o it_o 3._o for_o the_o time_n of_o it_o be_v in_o 27._o henry_n 8._o when_o the_o king_n be_v in_o full_a peace_n and_o a_o wealthy_a and_o flourish_a estate_n in_o which_o nature_n of_o time_n man_n be_v most_o careful_a of_o their_o possession_n aswell_o because_o purchase_n be_v most_o stir_v as_o again_o because_o the_o purchasor_n when_o he_o be_v full_a be_v no_o less_o careful_a of_o his_o assurance_n to_o his_o child_n and_o of_o dispose_v that_o which_o he_o have_v get_v than_o he_o be_v of_o his_o bargain_n for_o the_o compass_v thereof_o about_o that_o time_n the_o realm_n likewise_o begin_v to_o be_v enfranchise_v from_o the_o tribute_n of_o rome_n and_o the_o possession_n that_o have_v be_v in_o mortmayne_n begin_v to_o stir_v abroad_o for_o this_o year_n be_v the_o suppression_n of_o the_o smaâ—ler_a house_n of_o religion_n all_o tend_v to_o plenty_n and_o purchafe_v and_o this_o statute_n come_v in_o consort_n with_o divers_a excellent_a statute_n make_v for_o the_o kingdom_n in_o the_o same_o parliament_n as_o the_o reduction_n of_o wales_n to_o a_o more_o civil_a government_n the_o re-edify_n of_o diverse_a city_n and_o town_n the_o suppress_n of_o depopulation_n and_o enclosure_n for_o the_o title_n it_o have_v one_o title_n in_o the_o role_n and_o another_o in_o course_n of_o plead_v the_o title_n in_o the_o role_n be_v no_o solemn_a title_n but_o a_o act_n title_n 5_o a_o act_n express_v a_o order_n for_o use_n and_o will_n the_o title_n in_o course_n of_o plead_v be_v statutum_fw-la de_fw-la usibus_fw-la in_fw-la possessionem_fw-la transferendis_fw-la wherein_o walmsly_n justice_n note_v well_o 4._o reginae_fw-la that_o if_o a_o man_n look_v to_o the_o work_n of_o the_o statute_n he_o will_v think_v that_o it_o shall_v be_v turn_v the_o other_o way_n de_fw-la possessionibus_fw-la ad_fw-la usus_fw-la transferendis_fw-la for_o that_o be_v the_o course_n of_o the_o statute_n to_o bring_v possession_n to_o the_o use_n but_o the_o title_n be_v frame_v not_o according_a to_o the_o work_n of_o the_o statute_n but_o according_a to_o the_o scope_n and_o intention_n of_o the_o statute_n nam_fw-la quod_fw-la primum_fw-la est_fw-la in_fw-la intentione_fw-la ultimum_fw-la est_fw-la in_fw-la operatione_fw-la the_o intention_n of_o the_o statute_n by_o carry_v the_o possession_n to_o the_o use_n be_v to_o turn_v the_o use_n to_o a_o possession_n for_o the_o word_n be_v not_o de_fw-la possessionibus_fw-la ad_fw-la usus_fw-la transferendis_fw-la and_o as_o the_o grammarian_n say_v praepositio_fw-la ad_fw-la denotat_fw-la notam_fw-la actionis_fw-la sed_fw-la prepositio_fw-la in_fw-la cum_fw-la accusativo_fw-la denotat_fw-la notam_fw-la alterationis_fw-la and_o therefore_o kingsmill_n justice_n in_o the_o same_o case_n say_v that_o the_o meaning_n of_o the_o statute_n be_v to_o make_v a_o transubstantiation_n of_o the_o use_n unto_o a_o possession_n but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o title_n of_o act_n of_o parliament_n several_o come_v in_o but_o in_o the_o 5._o henry_n 8._o for_o before_o that_o time_n that_o be_v but_o one_o title_n of_o all_o the_o act_n make_v in_o one_o parliament_n and_o that_o be_v no_o title_n neither_o but_o a_o general_a preface_n of_o the_o good_a intent_n of_o the_o king_n but_o now_o it_o be_v parcel_n of_o the_o record_n for_o the_o precedent_n of_o this_o statute_n upon_o which_o it_o be_v draw_v i_o do_v find_v by_o the_o first_o richard_n 3._o whereupon_o you_o may_v see_v the_o very_a mould_n whereon_o this_o statute_n be_v make_v that_o the_o say_a king_n have_v be_v enfeoff_v before_o he_o usurp_v to_o use_n as_o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o the_o land_n whereof_o he_o be_v joint_o enfeoff_v as_o if_o he_o have_v not_o be_v name_v and_o where_o he_o be_v sole_o inseoff_v it_o shall_v be_v in_o cesty_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n in_o estate_n as_o he_o have_v the_o use_n now_o to_o come_v to_o the_o statute_n itself_o the_o statute_n consist_v as_o other_o law_n do_v upon_o a_o preamble_n the_o body_n of_o the_o law_n and_o certain_a save_n and_o premise_n the_o preamble_n set_v forth_o the_o inconvenience_n the_o body_n of_o the_o law_n give_v the_o remedy_n and_o the_o save_n and_o proviso_n take_v away_o the_o inconvenience_n of_o the_o remedy_n for_o new_a land_n be_v like_o the_o apothecary_n drug_n though_o they_o remedy_v the_o disease_n yet_o they_o trouble_v the_o body_n and_o therefore_o they_o use_v to_o correct_v with_o spice_n so_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a to_o find_v a_o remedy_n for_o any_o mischief_n in_o the_o common_a wealth_n but_o it_o will_v beget_v some_o new_a mischief_n and_o therefore_o they_o spice_n their_o law_n with_o proviso_n to_o correct_v and_o qualify_v they_o the_o preamble_n of_o the_o law_n be_v just_o commend_v by_o popham_n chief_a justice_n in_o 36._o regine_n where_o he_o say_v that_o there_o be_v little_a need_n to_o search_v and_o collect_v out_o of_o case_n before_o the_o statute_n what_o the_o mischief_n be_v which_o the_o scope_n of_o the_o statute_n be_v to_o redress_v because_o there_o be_v a_o short_a way_n offer_v we_o by_o the_o sufficiency_n and_o fullness_n of_o the_o preamble_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v good_a to_o consider_v it_o and_o ponder_v it_o thorough_o the_o preamble_n have_v three_o part_n first_o a_o recital_n of_o the_o principal_a inconvenience_n which_o 1._o be_v the_o root_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n second_o a_o ennumeration_n of_o diverse_a particular_a inconvenience_n 2._o as_o branch_n of_o the_o former_a three_o a_o taste_n or_o brief_a note_n of_o the_o remedy_n that_o the_o 3._o statute_n mean_v to_o apply_v the_o principal_a inconvenience_n which_o be_v radix_fw-la omnium_fw-la malorum_fw-la be_v the_o direct_n from_o the_o ground_n and_o principal_n of_o the_o common_a law_n by_o invent_v a_o mean_a to_o transfer_v land_n and_o inheritance_n without_o any_o solemnity_n or_o act_n notorious_a so_o as_o the_o whole_a statute_n be_v to_o be_v expound_v strong_o towards_o the_o extinguishment_n of_o all_o conveyance_n whereby_o the_o free_a hold_n or_o inheritance_n may_v pass_v without_o any_o new_a confection_n of_o deed_n execution_n of_o estate_n or_o entry_n except_o it_o be_v where_o the_o estate_n be_v of_o privity_n and_o dependence_n one_o towards_o the_o other_o in_o which_o case_n mutatis_fw-la mutandis_fw-la they_o may_v pass_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a law_n the_o particular_a inconvenience_n by_o the_o law_n rehearse_v may_v bereduce_v into_o four_o head_n first_o that_o these_o conveyance_n in_o use_n be_v weak_a 1._o for_o consideration_n second_o that_o they_o be_v obscure_a and_o doubtful_a 2._o for_o trial_n three_o that_o they_o be_v dangerous_a for_o want_v of_o notice_n 3._o and_o publication_n four_o that_o they_o be_v exempt_v from_o all_o such_o title_n 4._o as_o the_o law_n subject_v possession_n unto_o the_o first_o inconvenience_n light_v upon_o heir_n the_o second_o upon_o juror_n and_o witness_n the_o three_o upon_o purchaser_n the_o four_o upon_o such_o as_o come_v in_o by_o gift_n in_o law_n all_o which_o be_v person_n that_o the_o law_n do_v principal_o respect_n and_o favour_n for_o the_o first_o of_o these_o be_v three_o impediment_n to_o the_o judgement_n of_o man_n in_o dispose_v just_o and_o advise_o of_o his_o estate_n 5_o first_o trouble_n of_o mind_n 1._o second_o want_v of_o time_n 2._o three_o of_o wise_a and_o faithful_a counsel_n about_o he_o 3._o and_o all_o theso_fw-la three_o the_o statute_n do_v find_v to_o be_v in_o the_o disposition_n of_o a_o use_n by_o will_n whereof_o follow_v the_o unjust_a disinheresin_fw-la of_o heir_n now_o the_o favour_n of_o law_n unto_o heir_n appear_v in_o many_o part_n of_o the_o law_n as_o the_o law_n of_o descent_n privilege_v the_o possession_n of_o the_o heir_n against_o the_o entry_n of_o he_o that_o have_v right_a by_o the_o law_n no_o man_n shall_v warrant_v against_o his_o heir_n except_o he_o warrant_v against_o himself_o and_o diverse_a other_o case_n too_o long_o to_o stand_v upon_o and_o we_o see_v the_o ancient_a law_n in_o glanvills_n time_n be_v that_o the_o ancestor_n can_v not_o disinherit_v his_o heir_n by_o grant_n or_o other_o act_n execute_v in_o time_n of_o sickness_n neither_o can_v he_o alien_a land_n which_o have_v descend_v unto_o he_o except_o it_o be_v for_o consideration_n of_o money_n or_o service_n but_o not_o to_o advance_v any_o young_a brother_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o heir_n for_o trial_n no_o law_n ever_o take_v a_o straight_a course_n that_o evidence_n shall_v not_o be_v perplex_v nor_o jury_n inveigle_v than_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n as_o on_o the_o other_o side_n never_o law_n take_v a_o more_o precise_a and_o straight_a course_n with_o jury_n that_o they_o shall_v give_v a_o direct_a verdict_n for_o whereas_o in_o manner_n all_o law_n do_v give_v the_o trier_n or_o
and_o interest_n the_o king_n have_v in_o her_o possession_n she_o can_v be_v seize_v to_o a_o use_n a_o corporation_n can_v be_v seize_v to_o a_o use_n because_o their_o capacity_n be_v to_o a_o use_n certain_a again_o because_o they_o can_v execute_v a_o estate_n without_o do_v wrong_n to_o their_o corporation_n or_o founder_n but_o chief_o because_o of_o the_o letter_n of_o this_o statute_n which_o in_o any_o clause_n when_o it_o speak_v of_o the_o feoffee_n rest_v only_o upon_o the_o word_n person_n but_o when_o it_o speak_v of_o cefty_a que_fw-fr use_n it_o add_v person_n or_o body_n politic_a if_o a_o bishop_n bargain_n or_o sell_v land_n whereof_o he_o be_v seize_v in_o the_o right_a of_o his_o sea_n this_o be_v good_a during_o his_o life_n otherwise_o it_o be_v where_o a_o bishop_n be_v enfeoff_v to_o he_o and_o his_o successor_n to_o the_o use_n of_o i._n d._n and_o his_o heir_n that_o be_v not_o good_a no_o not_o for_o the_o bishop_n life_n but_o the_o use_n be_v mere_o void_a contrary_a law_n of_o tenant_n in_o taile_n for_o if_o i_o give_v land_n in_o tail_n by_o deed_n since_o the_o statute_n to_o a._o to_o the_o use_n of_o b._n and_o his_o heir_n b._o have_v a_o fee-simple_n determinable_a upon_o the_o death_n of_o a_o without_o issue_n and_o like_o law_n though_o doubtful_a before_o the_o statute_n be_v for_o the_o chief_a reason_n which_o breed_v the_o doubt_n before_o the_o statute_n be_v because_o tenant_n in_o tail_n can_v not_o execute_v a_o estate_n without_o wrong_n but_o that_o since_o the_o statute_n be_v quite_o take_v away_o because_o the_o statute_n save_v no_o right_a of_o entail_v as_o the_o statute_n of_o 1._o r._n 3._o do_v and_o that_o reason_n likewise_o may_v have_v be_v answer_v before_o the_o statute_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o common_a recovery_n a_o feme_fw-fr covert_fw-fr and_o a_o infant_n though_o under_o year_n of_o discretion_n may_v be_v seize_v to_o a_o use_n for_o aswell_o as_o land_n may_v descend_v unto_o they_o from_o a_o feoffee_n to_o use_v so_o may_v they_o original_o be_v enfeoff_v to_o a_o use_n yet_o if_o it_o be_v before_o the_o statute_n and_o they_o have_v upon_o a_o subpoena_n bring_v execute_v their_o estate_n during_o the_o coverture_n or_o infancy_n they_o may_v have_v defeat_v the_o same_o and_o when_o they_o shall_v have_v be_v seize_v again_o to_o the_o use_n and_o not_o to_o their_o own_o use_n but_o since_o the_o statute_n no_o right_n be_v save_v unto_o they_o if_o a_o feme_fw-fr covert_fw-fr or_o a_o infant_n be_v enfeoff_v to_o a_o use_n precedent_n since_o the_o statute_n the_o infant_n or_o baron_n come_v too_o late_o to_o discharge_v or_o root_v up_o the_o feoffment_n but_o if_o a_o infant_n be_v enfeoff_v to_o the_o use_n of_o himself_o and_o his_o heir_n and_o i._n d._n pay_v such_o a_o sum_n of_o money_n to_o the_o use_n of_o i._n g._n and_o his_o heir_n the_o infant_n may_v disagree_v and_o overthrow_v the_o contingent_a use_n contrary_a law_n if_o a_o infant_n be_v enfeoff_v to_o the_o use_n of_o himself_o for_o life_n the_o remainder_n to_o the_o use_n of_o i._n s._n and_o his_o heir_n he_o may_v disagree_v to_o the_o feoffment_n as_o to_o his_o own_o estate_n but_o not_o to_o divest_v the_o remainder_n but_o it_o shall_v remain_v to_o the_o benefit_n of_o he_o in_o remainder_n and_o yet_o if_o a_o attainded_a person_n be_v enfeoff_v to_o a_o use_n the_o king_n title_n after_o office_n find_v shall_v prevent_v the_o use_n and_o relate_v above_o it_o but_o until_o office_n the_o cesty_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n be_v seize_v of_o the_o land_n like_o law_n of_o a_o alien_n for_o if_o land_n be_v give_v to_o a_o alien_n to_o a_o use_n the_o use_n be_v not_o void_a ab_fw-la initio_fw-la yet_o neither_o alien_n or_o attainded_a person_n can_v maintain_v a_o action_n to_o defend_v the_o land_n the_o king_n villain_fw-fr if_o he_o be_v enfeoff_v to_o a_o use_n the_o king_n title_n shall_v relate_v above_o the_o use_n otherwise_o in_o case_n of_o a_o common_a person_n but_o if_o the_o lord_n be_v enfeoff_v to_o the_o use_n of_o his_o villain_fw-fr the_o use_n neither_o rise_v but_o the_o lord_n be_v in_o by_o the_o common_a law_n and_o not_o by_o the_o statute_n discharge_v of_o the_o use_n but_o if_o the_o husband_n be_v enfeoff_v to_o the_o use_n of_o his_o wife_n for_o year_n if_o he_o die_v the_o wife_n shall_v have_v the_o term_n and_o it_o shall_v not_o enure_v by_o way_n of_o discharge_n although_o the_o husband_n may_v dispose_v of_o the_o wife_n term_n so_o if_o the_o lord_n of_o who_o the_o land_n be_v hold_v be_v enfeoff_v to_o the_o use_n of_o a_o person_n attaind_v the_o lord_n shall_v not_o hold_v by_o way_n of_o discharge_n of_o the_o use_n because_o of_o the_o king_n title_n an._n diem_fw-la et_fw-la vastum_fw-la a_o person_n uncertain_a be_v not_o within_o the_o statute_n nor_o any_o estate_n in_o nutibus_fw-la or_o suspense_n execute_v as_o if_o i_o give_v land_n to_o i._n s._n the_o remainder_n to_o the_o right_a heir_n of_o i._n d._n to_o the_o use_n of_o i._n n._n and_o his_o heir_n i._n n._n be_v not_o seize_v of_o the_o fee-simple_n of_o a_o estate_n per_fw-la vit._n of_o i._n s._n till_o i._n d._n be_v dead_a and_o then_o in_o fee-simple_n like_a law_n if_o before_o the_o statute_n i_o give_v land_n to_o i._n s._n per_fw-la auter_fw-fr vie_fw-fr to_o a_o use_n and_o i._n s._n die_v leave_v cesty_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n whereby_o the_o freehold_n be_v in_o suspense_n the_o statute_n come_v and_o no_o occupant_n enter_v the_o use_n be_v not_o execute_v out_o of_o the_o freehold_n in_o suspense_n for_o the_o occupant_n the_o disseissor_n the_o lord_n by_o escheat_n the_o feoffee_n upon_o consideration_n not_o have_v notice_n and_o all_o other_o person_n which_o shall_v be_v seize_v to_o use_n not_o in_o regard_n of_o their_o person_n but_o of_o their_o title_n i_o refer_v they_o to_o my_o division_n touch_v disturbance_n and_o interruption_n ofuse_v it_o follow_v now_o to_o see_v what_o person_n may_v be_v a_o cesty_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n the_o king_n may_v be_v cesty_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n but_o it_o behoove_v both_o the_o declaration_n of_o the_o use_n and_o the_o conveyance_n itself_o to_o be_v matter_n of_o record_n because_o the_o king_n title_n be_v compound_v of_o both_o i_o say_v not_o appear_v of_o record_n but_o by_o conveyance_n of_o record_n and_o therefore_o if_o i_o covenant_n with_o i._n s._n to_o levy_v a_o fine_a to_o he_o to_o the_o king_n use_n which_o i_o do_v according_o and_o this_o deed_n of_o covenant_n be_v not_o enroll_v and_o the_o deed_n be_v find_v by_o office_n the_o use_n ve_v not_o econverso_fw-la enroll_v if_o i_o covenant_n with_o i._n s._n to_o infeoff_v he_o to_o the_o king_n use_n and_o the_o deed_n be_v enroll_v â—nd_v the_o feoffment_n also_o be_v find_v by_o office_n the_o use_n ve_v but_o if_o i_o levy_v a_o fine_a or_o suffer_v a_o recovery_n to_o the_o king_n use_n and_o declare_v the_o use_n by_o deed_n of_o covenant_n enroll_v though_o the_o king_n be_v not_o party_n yet_o it_o be_v good_a enough_o a_o corporation_n may_v take_v a_o use_n and_o yet_o it_o be_v not_o material_a whether_o the_o feoffment_n or_o the_o declaration_n be_v by_o deed_n but_o i_o may_v enfeoffee_n i._n s._n to_o the_o use_n of_o a_o corporation_n and_o this_o use_n may_v be_v aver_v a_o use_n to_o a_o person_n incertain_a be_v not_o void_a in_o the_o first_o limitation_n but_o execute_v not_o till_o the_o person_n be_v in_o esse_fw-la so_o that_o this_o be_v positive_a than_o a_o use_n shall_v never_o be_v in_o obeyance_n as_o a_o remainder_n may_v be_v but_o ever_o in_o a_o person_n certain_a upon_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n and_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o feeoffee_n shall_v be_v in_o he_o or_o they_o which_o have_v the_o use_n the_o reason_n be_v because_o no_o confidence_n can_v be_v repose_v in_o a_o person_n unknown_a and_o uncertain_a and_o therefore_o if_o i_o make_v a_o feoffment_n to_o the_o use_n of_o i._n s._n for_o life_n and_o then_o to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o right_a heir_n of_o i._n d._n the_o remainder_n be_v not_o in_o obeyance_n but_o the_o reversion_n be_v in_o the_o feoffer_n quousque_fw-la so_o that_o upon_o the_o matter_n all_o person_n uncertain_a in_o use_n be_v like_o condition_n or_o limitation_n precedent_a like_o law_n if_o i_o enfeoffee_n one_o to_o the_o use_n of_o i._n s._n for_o year_n the_o remainder_n to_o the_o right_a herres_n of_o i._n d._n this_o be_v not_o execute_v obeyance_n and_o therefore_o not_o void_a like_o law_n if_o i_o make_v a_o feoffment_n to_o the_o use_n of_o my_o wife_n that_o shall_v be_v or_o to_o such_o person_n as_o i_o shall_v