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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A55007	The lives of the popes from the time of our saviour Jesus Christ, to the reign of Sixtus IV / written originally in Latine by Baptista Platina ... and translated into English, and the same history continued from the year 1471 to this present time, wherein the most remarkable passages of Christendom, both in church and state are treated of and described, by Paul Rycaut ...; Vitae pontificum. English	Platina, 1421-1481.; Rycaut, Paul, Sir, 1628-1700.	1685 (1685)	Wing P2403; ESTC R9221	956,457	865

first year of his Reign had been celebrated with the like glory as was the former his beginning would have been too happy and auspitious Therefore that the ensuing year might prove more fortunate he intended to make it his chief employment of the whole Winter to offer his Prayers and supplications to God with fasting Masses and Processions that he would be pleased to favour and assist the Cause and Arms of the Christians against the Enemies of the Cross of Christ But whilst the Pope was meditating of these things and contriving means to prosecute the War with most advantage the Venetians unexpectedly about the beginning of the year 1573. clapt up a Peace with the Turks by the mediation of their Bailo who then with the French Ambassadour at Constantinople had treated the Conditions with good success to which Sultan Selim the more readily inclined for having done right to his honour by the Conquest of Cyprus and by taking several Fortresses in Dalmatia he more easily condescended to terms of Peace without diminution or disparagement as was supposed to the greatness of his Power But both the Pope and the Spaniards were not satisfied with the Venetians for having without their consent and privity and contrary to the Articles of their League made this Peace with the Turk In excuse for which the Venetians dispatched their Ambassadours to the Pope and King of Spain giving them to understand that the extream urgency of their Affairs which by many circumstances were rendered difficult had forced them to an Accommodation with the Turk and in like terms they expressed themselves to Cardinal Buoncompagno the Pope's Nephew whom Gregory had in the year 1574. sent unto Venice to complement Henry King of Poland who by the death of Charles IX was returning by that way into France to take possession of that Kingdom In this manner the Pope being eased of his expensive War against the Turk converted the current of his Treasure to the assistance of Henry III. against his Protestant Subjects in France for supply of which he raised the sum of four hundred thousand Crowns by Impositions which he laid on Cities belonging to the Church and confirmed the Bull given by Pius V. for sale of church-Church-Lands of which there remaining as yet to the value of fifty thousand Crowns of yearly Rent unsold he constituted the Cardinals of Bourbon Guise and Lewis d' E●●e Commissioners for the Sales Nor was this Pope in other matters esteemed less generous and magnificent for to the Duke of Bruswick who came to visit him at Rome he made a Present of seven thousand Crowns and erected many Churches there from the foundation and built Colleges and Churches to the number of twenty seven in divers remote parts of the World for Seminaries and places of Worship and Religion And for the more solemn and ornamental Celebration of the Jubilee in the year 1575. he enlarged the Street leading from the Church of Santa Maria Maggiore to the Lateran for the more commodious passage of Pilgrims and having repaired the Portico or Porch of S. Maries which was become ruinous he caused this Inscription to he engraven over it Gregorius XIII Pont. Max. Eugenii labantem Porticum refecit magnificentius restituit Viam rectam ad Lateranum aperuit Anno Jubilei MD. LXXV In this year arose dangerous Discords and civil Dissentions between the antient and the new Nobility of Genoua to which latter the Commonalty of the City adhered having by them been possessed with an Opinion that the Antient Nobles in favour of whom most of their Laws ran intended to usurp such an Authority over them as should be little different from Slavery this jealousie made so deep an impression in the minds of the people that they betook themselves to Arms and had proceeded to blood and ruin had not a stop been made thereunto by the Wisdom and Oratory of Senarega the Chancellour who being a moderate Person and one of whose prudence and honesty the people had a great Opinion persuaded both Parties to remit their differences to the Pope the Emperor Maximilian and the King of Spain The which being accorded on all hands Senarega was in behalf of the New Nobility dispeeded to the Pope with whom whilst he was stating the case between both Parties Intelligence was brought to Rome that Don John d' Austria was then at Gaeta preparing a very great Fleet against Genoua in expectation and with probable hopes to prevail by the means and advantages of those intestine Discords of the City But the Pope at the request and upon the applications made by Senarega dispatched a Letter to Don John exhorting him to desist from his Design which was so displeasing to him that in case he persisted therein he was resolved to raise all the force of Italy to oppose his Enterprise the which Menaces having given a stop to the proceedings of Don John several persons were substituted Arbitrators in these differences by the Pope the Emperor and the King of Spain namely Cardinal Morone Castacciaro Borgia and Idiaquez who taking the state of the whole matter into their consideration rectified and reformed many antient Statutes established new in their places and so governed all things with that even hand that an accord was made and concluded in the Month of May 1576. with that satisfaction to both Parties that the Citizens and Inhabitants who had retired from Genoua for fear of the civil Dissensions returned again to enjoy their repose and ease according to their accustomed Liberty Nor was the Pope less concerned for the Peace of Poland where great differences arose amongst the Nobility as hath been accustomary about the election of a King For Henry III. of France having as we have said resigned his Elective Government to take possession of his hereditary Kingdom of France the Election of a new King administred great cause of dispute and argument by reason of the many powerful Princes which stood in competition and were Candidates for the Election as namely the Emperor Maximilian II. and Ernest his Son with his Brother the Arch Duke of Austria Stephen Battori Prince of Transilvania Alphonso II. Duke of Ferrara together with the Great Duke of Moscovy The Contests between these mighty Rivals proceeded to that degree that nothing but force of Arms could determine the Controversie which the Arch-bishop of Gnesne with many other Associates intending to prove forsook the place of Election and with armed Bands declared for Maximilian the Emperor against whom an other party appeared in favour of Anne Daughter of the Royal Family of Jagellona in Poland intending in right of her to confer in Marriage the Crown upon Battori Prince of Transilvania but these dissentions were soon after concluded by the death of Maximilian the Emperor Battori being after his Marriage with Anne by general consent of all the Nobles received and crowned King of Poland and thereupon sent his Ambassadours to Rome to pay his respects and obedience to the

occasions of this King with Money he gave license to sell and alienate so much of the Church Lands in France as might suffice for the carrying on of this War in which Trust of Sales the Cardinals of Lorain and Bourbon being made Commissioners the Lands belonging to the Church which were then sold amounted to the value of one hundred and fifty thousand Crowns of yearly Revenue In the next place it was this Pope Pius V. who out of his great zeal excommunicated Elizabeth Queen of England with all her Subjects of the same profession And in the year 1569. conferred on Cosmo de Medicis Duke of Florence the Title of Great Duke of Tuscany in Gratitude for which the Duke coming to Rome to acknowledg the honour done him was there crowned with a Ducal Crown by the hands of the Pope about the Circle of which this Motto was engraven Pius quintus Pont. Max. ob eximiam Dilectionem ac Catholicae Religionis Zelum praecipuumque Justitiae studium donavit Then to demonstrate his zeal against the Turks the prevailing Enemies over Christianity under the conduct of Solyman the Magnificent who at that time was entered into Hungary with an Army of two hundred thousand fighting Men He instantly desired and exhorted the Christian Princes unto Unity amongst themselves that they might repulse the common Enemy of the Christian Faith and to shew that he would not persuade others to that performance in which he did not readily offer himself to be an Example he freely sent unto the Emperour a Present of ninety thousand Ducats with promise to furnish fifty thousand Crowns more every year so long as the Wars should continue And indeed at that time there needed Counsel and Arms and Money to resist Solyman who had besieged the strong Fortress of Segeth which was then commanded by Count Serini whose Family like that of Hanibal against the Romans had ever sworn enmity and irreconcileable hatred to the Turks It happened that though Solyman died in the Siege against this City yet the assaults and force were continued by Mahomet the Grand Visier who concealed the death of Solyman until he had first advised the news thereof unto his Successour Sultan Selim the Second during which time he plied the Town with such continual storms as reduced the Defendants to the last extremity and to a resolution of selling their Lives at the dearest rate which they accordingly performed by a Sally of five hundred Men in which all of them being slain with their Leader Count Serini the Town was soon after surrendered into the hands of the Turk It was now the year 1570. when Sultan Selim succeeding his Father the Great Solyman and being a Prince as ambitious and as desirous to enlarge his Empire as was his Predecessour resolved upon the Conquest of Cyprus then belonging to the Venetian Dominions But that he might not seem to attempt the Countries of his Neighbour before he had first denounced War he dispatched a Chiaus to Venice demanding the surrender of the Kingdom of Cyprus as a dependance on the City of Constantinople and a Member of the Grecian Empire to which he had gained a Title by the power of his Sword This Message or Summons being delivered in full Senate was seconded by many Incursions made into Dalmatia and Sclavonia and great preparations for transporting Soldiers into Cyprus The Venetians being thus assaulted by the potent Enemy of Christendom applyed themselves to the Pope desiring him that he would be pleased out of his paternal commiseration to the Christian Cause to administer some effectual help from his own hand and exhort all other Christian Princes to enter into a League and unite their Forces against the common Enemy of the Christian Faith In compliance with this Request the Pope prevailed with the King of Spain to furnish the Venetians with fifty Sail of Galleys under the Command of John Andrew d' Oria a valiant and experienced General requiring him to obey Mark Anthony Colonna Commander in Chief of the Pope's Gallies and accordingly in the Month of August 1570. a very considerable Force met at the Rendezvouz in Candia consisting of one hundred and eighty Gallies eleven Galeasses and six Ships of War But the Turks being more forward in this Expedition had a Month before that time landed a formidable Army in the Island of Cyprus where after having taken the Cities of Nicosia and Famagosta with great effusion of blood they made themselves Masters of the whole Island whilest in the mean time the two great Commanders Colonna and D' Oria being at variance for D' Oria refused to yield to Colonna the design was frustrated and the Fleets returned home without any Action considerable in that Voyage which verified the truth of that saying of Livy Quam plurium imperium bello inutile However ●his ill success did not discourage these Allies from making farther trial of their fortune for being all concerned to resist the Turk they renewed their League again for the succeeding year which was An. 1571. And that they might prevent the misunderstandings which the year before had happened between the two Generals it was agreed that Don John d' Austria who was natural Brother to the King of Spain should be Commander or Generalissimo of the whole Navy that Mark Anthony Colonna General of the Pope's Gallies should be his Lieutenant and accordingly preparations being made Messina in the Island of Sicily was appointed for the place of Rendezvouz where about the Month of August the whole Fleet joined together consisting of one hundred Venetian light Gallies 6 Galleasses two Ships besides Brigantines Felucas and other smaller Vessels under Dominico a Nobleman of Venice The Pope's Gallies were twelve commanded by Mark Anthony Colonna and the Fleet or Spain commanded by Don John d' Austria consisted of eighty one Gallies amongst which the three Gallies of Malta were comprehended and twenty two Sail of Ships With this Force this mighty Fleet departed from Messina on the 16th of September 1571. and sailed to Corfu a safe Port belonging to the Venetians in the Adriatick Sea where having advice that the Turks Armata was in the Gulf of Lepanto they weighed Anchor and stood directly for that place where on the 3d of October they joined Battel with the Turks and gave them that memorable overthrow which hath ever since disabled them from forming any considerable Force at Sea against the Christians for in that fight the which continued not above five hours the most formidable Fleet that was ever equipped or set out from Constantinople was destroyed for they lost one hundred and seventeen Gallies eighty Brigantines or smaller Vessels which were sunk or burn'd or put ashoar forty Sail of Gallies or thereabouts were taken in the pursuit Of the Turks were killed thirty two thousand Men amongst which were many Bashaws and Beglerbeges and three thousand five hundred Captives were taken and fifteen thousand poor Christians were released who had been chained to

Bread unless supplied from Sicily or other parts The Barberins did now believe that this Pope being sensible of the many Obligations he had to their Uncle Vrban VIII whose Creature he had been and to themselves for his advancement to the Papal Dignity would have protected and defended the greatness and Riches they had gained during the long Pontificate of Vrban but his respects to them being changed with his condition made it soon appear that Services to Princes are acceptable when they can be requited but when the Obligations grow immense and the Debt too great the sense of inability to make due returns changes kindness into hatred Beneficia eousque lae● dum videntur exsolvi posse ubi multum ante venêre pro gratiâ odium redditur Tacitus lib. For so it fared with the Barberins For whilest matters were preparing for Coronation of the Pope the Ambassadours from Christian Kings demanded the place of precedency at that Ceremony before Taddeo Barberini Prefect of Rome for though in the time of Vrban that place was granted to him in quality of a Prince for the relation he had to the Pope his Uncle which now expiring the sole Office of Prefect could not entitle him to a precedency before Ambassadours The Marquis of St. Chamont Ambassadour of France appeared most vigorously against the Prefect and was seconded by the Emperour 's and the King of Spains Ambassadours who by several memorials given to the Pope did protest that they would be present at the Solemnity of the Coronation and possess their due rank and place which belonged to them and if his Holiness should think fit to restrain them by force from giving their attendance there they would counsel their Masters to recal them and never send others to perform the Embassies of Obedience For answer hereunto the Pope made no great matter of hesitation or doubt but immediately determined in favour of the Ambassadours Though this indifference and coldness of the Pope to the Barberins was a great mortification to them yet they were more sensibly touched so soon as Cardinal Antonio was informed by the French Ambassadour how ill his matter was satisfied with the late actions of his Family in resentment of which he had Orders to require from him the Commission which constituted him Protectour of the French Nation and consequently to take down the Arms of France from the Portal of his Gate declaring that his unfaithfulness to his Majesty was the cause of his displeasure for that in the late Conclave he had been an active Instrument in the promotion of Pamfilio to the Papal Dignity whom he knew to be an Enemy to him and entirely dedicated to the interest of Spain The two Cardinals Barberins finding themselves thus abandoned by France made their supplications to the Ambassadours of Spain for protection but here also they found their way obstructed by the Cardinal de Medicis who gave the Cardinal Albornos and the Spanish Ambassadour to understand that both he and his Nephew the Grand Duke should be forced to abandon the Interest and Service of Spain in case they should think fit to espouse the quarrel of the Barberins and receive them into the protection of the Catholick King And thus being forsaken by these two powerful Crowns they were desirous to cast themselves into the Arms of the Pope as their last refuge and Sanctuary to gain which they proposed a Marriage between the Daughter of the Prefect and Don Camillo the Son of Donna Olympia offering to give her in Dowry all the Lands of Montelibreto which they had purchased from the Vrsini for a million of Livers together with a Revenue of thirty thousand Crowns of yearly Pension to be raised out of the Benefices which they held from the Church besides such a sum of ready Money as his Holiness should reasonably require And though Donna Olympia was well enough pleased with these Propositions yet the Project was crossed by the French Ambassadour who having represented unto the Pope the ill satisfaction his Master would receive from this Alliance quite broke off the Match the Pope declaring that he had too much consideration for his Majesty to be overborn by any Interest which might be displeasing or inconsistent with that of France and farther to take of all suspition and jealousies of this Match and to put it almost into a state of impossibility he created Don Camillo Cardinal to the great trouble and disappointment of the Barberins who being now without Friends or protection remained exposed to the scorn and injury of the People and to the covetous desires of the Pope who now casting off all considerations to the Family of the Barberins in despight of the Obligations he had to them sought for a pretence or colour to seize th●●r Estates and enrich his own Family The Barberins esteeming their condition desperate unless they could regain the Protection and favour of France adventured to try their antient Friend Cardinal Mazarine to whom they dispatched a Courier Express with a Letter representing their case to the Court of France The Cardinal who was a dexterous Minister and soon hit that point of Interest which concerned his Master did with a most quick and piercing judgment consider that the Court of Rome was then for the most part composed of a Faction entirely devoted to the House of Austria and the Grand Duke and of which the Pope himself was Chief and that to counterpoise so prevailing a Party it might be adviseable to support and make use of the Barberins who having still some Confidents and Adherenrs of their own might be able upon the credit of France to keep the Cardinal Pamfilio formerly Don Camillo the Spaniards and Florentines within some tolerable terms of modesty and moderation This Proposal being debated in the Council of France was judged reasonable and agreed that the Barberins should be received into Protection and favour provided that as pledges of their future Fidelity they should oblige themselves to purchase Lands and Demesnes within the Dominions of France The unexpected news of the restoration of the Barberins to the favour of the French King was strangely surprizing at Rome and much changed the Scene of Affairs for the Commonalty converting their hatred into compassion did much lament the persecutions which the Barberins undeservedly sustained but the Pope and his Party being highly incensed against Cardinal Mazarine by whose sole contrivance a Pardon was granted to the Barberins laboured underhand with the Duke of Orleans against him moving him by a thousand ill suggestions to destroy the Cardinal and for his encouragement and reward promised to advance his Confident the Abbat de la Riviere to the degree of Cardinal but all these Artifices produced little effect for Cardinal Antonio without taking leave of the Pope secretly departing from Rome arrived at Paris where casting himself at the feet of the King was upon his submission received to Pardon and favour And now the restoration of the Barberins