and_o lease_n often_o profectio_fw-la militaris_fw-la and_o expeditio_fw-la be_v the_o same_o which_o among_o the_o saxon_n be_v call_v here_o fare_n among_o the_o germane_a hereban_n with_o we_o and_o the_o french_a escuage_n at_o least_o that_o which_o be_v certain_a heribannm_fw-la certain_a glos_n verbo_fw-la heribannm_fw-la the_o charter_n of_o bertulph_n king_n of_o the_o mercian_n anno_fw-la 851._o to_o the_o monastery_n of_o crowland_n grant_v all_o those_o abovesaid_a church_n chapel_n be_v land_n tenement_n pasture_n fishing_n manor_n mansion_n milles_n marsh_n free_a and_o discharge_v from_o all_o secular_a service_n and_o earthly_a charge_n etc._n etc._n and_o i_o free_a from_o all_o duty_n of_o the_o king_n and_o of_o every_o other_o lord_n and_o man_n of_o what_o dignity_n excellency_n and_o honour_n soever_o 861._o soever_o council_n 346._o jngulph_n hist_o 861._o king_n athelwulf_n the_o west_n saxon_n and_o monarch_n in_o his_o grant_n of_o the_o ten_o mansion_n and_o of_o the_o ten_o of_o all_o good_n to_o the_o church_n differ_v little_a from_o these_o he_o will_v have_v that_o ten_o part_n to_o be_v free_a as_o the_o several_a copy_n have_v it_o and_o as_o we_o find_v it_o hitherto_o to_o have_v be_v from_o all_o socular_a servitude_n and_o from_o all_o royal_a tribute_n the_o great_a and_o the_o lesser_a or_o from_o the_o tax_n as_o in_o ingulphus_n which_o we_o call_v winterden_v as_o malmesbury_n witerden_n as_o math_n of_o westminster_n witeredden_a who_o agree_v with_o the_o other_o in_o this_o part_n only_o he_o have_v secular_a service_n for_o servitude_n all_o of_o they_o make_v the_o charter_n conclude_v contrary_a to_o the_o charter_n of_o eadbald_n before_o and_o let_v it_o be_v free_a etc._n etc._n to_o serve_v god_n only_o without_o expedition_n repair_n of_o bridge_n and_o castle_n which_o by_o the_o old_a law_n or_o old_a policy_n rather_o of_o the_o english_a saxon_n it_o be_v say_v the_o king_n can_v not_o discharge_v this_o be_v therefore_o call_v the_o write_n of_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n this_o charter_n worthy_a of_o everlasting_a memory_n be_v grant_v in_o a_o general_n council_n at_o winchester_n such_o one_o as_o be_v call_v pan_n anglicum_fw-la where_o be_v present_a three_o king_n athelwulf_n the_o monarch_n the_o west_n saxon_n bear_v the_o mercian_n after_o drive_v out_o by_o the_o dane_n and_o edmund_n the_o eastangle_n the_o martyr_n slay_v by_o those_o dane_n hence_o the_o most_o worthy_a knight_n think_v the_o rectory_n and_o the_o glebe_n to_o have_v have_v their_o beginning_n though_o fair_a addition_n from_o the_o munificence_n of_o pious_a patron_n have_v be_v make_v to_o it_o since_o 352._o since_o council_n 349._o 352._o in_o optona_fw-la grena_fw-la vpton_n green_a as_o ingulphus_n st_n gutlac_n the_o tutelar_a special_a saint_n of_o crowland_n have_v and_o bathe_v wood_n and_o marsh_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n free_a and_o quit_v from_o all_o service_n 909_o service_n hist_o 909_o &_o from_o the_o time_n of_o king_n etheldred_n be_v the_o seat_n of_o our_o abbey_n say_v he_o quit_v and_o discharge_v from_o all_o secular_a service_n and_o our_o abbey_n be_v quit_v and_o free_a from_o all_o secular_a service_n in_o the_o time_n of_o that_o king_n who_o be_v the_o lawful_a successor_n of_o the_o royal_a blood_n of_o the_o english_a and_o father_n of_o the_o most_o pious_a king_n edward_n 40.50_o edward_n p._n 911._o s_o 30_o 40.50_o and_o again_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o marsh_n and_o meadow_n of_o the_o seat_n of_o our_o monastery_n say_v he_o i_o demise_v for_o a_o certain_a yearly_a rent_n and_o other_o service_n to_o be_v do_v 912._o do_v 912._o the_o folcland_n of_o the_o base_a tenure_n among_o the_o saxon_n as_o m._n lombard_n which_o pass_v without_o writing_n be_v that_o which_o now_o we_o call_v copyhold_n at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n exscripta_fw-la lord_n glos_n terra_fw-la exscripta_fw-la who_o condition_n as_o also_o that_o of_o those_o who_o hold_v by_o socage_n be_v far_o more_o servile_a before_o the_o norman_a entrance_n then_o in_o some_o time_n since_o before_o the_o service_n of_o all_o these_o consist_v in_o fcasance_n in_o do_v after_o in_o render_v by_o payment_n etc._n etc._n as_o the_o most_o reverend_a judge_n littleton_n of_o those_o who_o hold_v by_o socage_n afterward_o these_o service_n be_v change_v into_o money_n by_o consent_n of_o the_o tenant_n and_o desire_v of_o the_o lord_n viz._n into_o a_o annual_a rent_n etc._n etc._n yet_o the_o name_n etc._n etc._n remain_v and_o in_o divers_a place_n the_o tenant_n yet_o do_v such_o service_n with_o their_o plough_n to_o their_o lord_n 119._o lord_n l._n 2_o s_o 119._o bracton_n call_v the_o copyholder_n villain_n sockman_n or_o sockman_n of_o base_a tenure_n 8._o tenure_n l._n 2._o c._n 8._o other_o tenant_n in_o villeinage_n servitude_n indeed_o or_o villeinage_n since_o richard_n the_o second_o time_n be_v by_o degree_n rather_o wear_v out_o then_o abolish_v by_o any_o law_n nothing_o now_o be_v leave_v but_o the_o name_n the_o last_o man_n which_o i_o have_v know_v claim_v for_o a_o villain_n be_v crouch_n of_o sommersetshire_n in_o queen_n elizabeth_n time_n 283._o time_n dy._n 266._o 283._o this_o too_o be_v saxon_a english_a and_o precede_v the_o norman_n but_o be_v never_o favour_v by_o the_o law_n 42._o law_n dy._n 267._o lit_fw-fr s_o 193._o forost_n c._n 42._o the_o saxon_a law_n call_v the_o villain_n ðeoƿ_n mon_fw-fr or_o man_n ðeoƿ_n and_o ðeoƿe_n indifferent_o a_o servant_n man_n or_o servant_n not_o that_o freeman_n be_v not_o servant_n too_o as_o since_o they_o be_v both_o which_o be_v visible_a in_o that_o law_n of_o king_n ina_n if_o a_o servant_n man_n work_n on_o sunday_n by_o his_o lord_n command_v be_v he_o free_a and_o the_o lord_n shall_v pay_v thirty_o shilling_n for_o a_o penalty_n if_o he_o work_v without_o his_o lord_n knowledge_n he_o shall_v lose_v his_o hide_n be_v whip_v or_o his_o hide_n gild_v the_o price_n of_o it_o but_o if_o a_o freeman_n work_v that_o day_n without_o his_o lord_n command_v he_o shall_v lose_v his_o freedom_n or_o sixty_o shilling_n 5._o shilling_n ll._n ina_n c._n 3.23.46.73.50_o ll._n aelfr_n c._n 5._o in_o that_o extract_n of_o the_o land_n of_o the_o monastery_n of_o crowland_n take_v out_o of_o the_o doomsday_n book_n by_o ingulphus_n the_o abbot_n we_o find_v in_o langtoft_n s._n guthlac_n bas_fw-fr etc._n etc._n viz._n five_o carve_v eight_o villain_n 81._o villain_n barder_n sup_v 81._o four_o bord._n and_o twenty_o have_v soc_n socham_n habentes_fw-la 5_o carucatas_fw-la it_o shall_v be_v twenty_o socm_n habentes_fw-la 5_o carucatas_fw-la and_o in_o bston_n etc._n etc._n there_o in_o dominio_fw-la one_o carve_v five_o villain_n two_o bord._n and_o seven_o soem_n with_o two_o carve_v in_o soudnave_n slound_v two_o servant_n six_o villain_n three_o bord._n with_o one_o sochman_n have_v three_o carve_v etc._n etc._n with_o much_o more_o of_o the_o same_o 908._o same_o ingulthus_n savil._n 908._o in_o the_o year_n 1051._o thorold_n of_o buckenbale_n sheriff_n of_o lincolnshire_n likely_a of_o the_o the_o blood_n a_o descendent_a of_o the_o former_a thorold_n who_o have_v land_n in_o buckenhale_n grant_v the_o manor_n of_o spalding_n to_o wulgate_v abbot_n of_o crowland_n in_o these_o word_n i_o have_v give_v etc._n etc._n to_o god_n and_o st._n guthlac_n of_o crowland_n etc._n etc._n all_o my_o manor_n situate_a near_o the_o parochial_a church_n of_o the_o same_o town_n with_o all_o the_o land_n and_o tenement_n rent_n and_o service_n etc._n etc._n which_o i_o have_v in_o the_o same_o manor_n etc._n etc._n with_o all_o the_o appendant_o viz._n colgrin_n my_o reeve_n and_o his_o whole_a scquele_n with_o all_o the_o good_n and_o chattel_n which_o he_o have_v in_o the_o same_o town_n field_n and_o march_n etc._n etc._n also_o harding_n the_o smith_n and_o his_o whole_a sequel_n with_o all_o the_o good_n and_o chattel_n which_o he_o have_v in_o the_o same_o town_n etc._n etc._n also_o leftan_n the_o carpenter_n and_o his_o whole_a sequel_n with_o all_o the_o good_n and_o chattel_n etc._n etc._n also_o ringulph_n the_o primum_fw-la the_o ringulphum_fw-la primum_fw-la first_o and_o his_o whole_a sequel_n with_o the_o good_n and_o chattel_n &c_n &c_n also_o elstan_n the_o fisher_n and_o his_o whole_a sequel_n with_o the_o good_n and_o chattel_n etc._n etc._n also_o gunter_n liniet_fw-la etc._n etc._n outy_a grimkelson_n etc._n etc._n turstan_n dub_v etc._n etc._n algar_n the_o black_a etc._n etc._n edric_n the_o son_n of_o siward_n etc._n etc._n osmund_n the_o miller_n etc._n etc._n besy_n tuke_n etc._n etc._n elmer_n of_o pincebeck_n etc._n etc._n also_o goose_n gamelson_n etc._n etc._n with_o the_o same_o clause_n to_o they_o as_o before_z the_o conclusion_n be_v these_o my_o servant_n seruos_fw-la and_o their_o good_n and_o chattel_n with_o all_o
the_o feudal_a honorary_a ninrge_v ðegne_n king_n thane_n who_o hold_v of_o the_o k._n in_o chief_a that_o his_o land_n only_o be_v honorary_a taineland_n that_o he_o hold_v by_o service_n of_o personal_a attendance_n by_o service_n of_o a_o office_n or_o military_a attendance_n he_o make_v the_o ðeoden_a medmera_n ðegne_n or_o under_o thane_n to_o be_v feudal_n too_o print_n too_o which_o sein_fw-fr council_n sax._n 406._o now_o in_o print_n and_o the_o same_o with_o a_o vavassour_n out_o of_o the_o m_n s._n of_o athelstanes_n law_n sometime_o at_o the_o library_n of_o st._n james_n he_o cite_v si_fw-mi ceorlman_fw-mi prove_v batur_fw-la ut_fw-la habeat_fw-la 5._o hidos_fw-la terrae_fw-la ad_fw-la ut_fw-la waram_fw-la which_o shall_v be_v utfaram_fw-la expeditionem_fw-la regis_fw-la etc._n etc._n that_o be_v say_v he_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n by_o knight_n service_n 624._o service_n tit._n hon._n 2._o edit_n 622_o 624._o in_o doomsday_n do_fw-mi bockingham_n scire_fw-la be_v burchard_n teigue_n 1._o baro_n regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la that_o be_v baron_n of_o king_n edward_n among_o the_o witness_n to_o the_o privilege_n of_o king_n aeiheldred_n grant_v to_o the_o monastery_n of_o christ_n church_n in_o ganterbury_n be_v aethelmere_n the_o king_n discthene_n translate_v dapifer_fw-la leafric_n his_o braegel_n thene_n master_n of_o the_o wardrobe_n siward_z the_o king_n thene_n a_o t_o rae_v of_o his_o council_n 501._o council_n council_n 500_o 501._o which_o certain_o be_v thanes_z or_o baron_n by_o the_o service_n of_o these_o place_n we_o read_v of_o those_o in_o the_o saxon_a cronologie_n who_o serve_v not_o n_o ordinary_a live_v not_o continual_o at_o court_n 543._o court_n v_o sax._n cron._n 534_o 543._o or_o near_o the_o king_n person_n like_o those_o in_o the_o confessor_n chatter_n here_o yet_o be_v call_v the_o king_n thenot_n the_o word_n be_v these_o and_o in_o those_o three_o year_n many_o of_o the_o king_n most_o choice_a thenot_n die_v among_o which_o be_v suithulfe_n bishop_n of_o rochester_n and_o ceolmund_n alderman_n or_o earl_n in_o kent_n and_o beorhtulf_n alderman_n among_o the_o westsaxons_a and_o wulfred_n alderman_n in_o hamptonshire_n and_o ealheard_a bishop_n at_o dorchester_n and_o eadulf_n the_o king_n thane_n among_o the_o south_n saxon_n and_o beornwulf_n the_o gerefe_n in_o winchester_n and_o ecgulf_n the_o king_n master_n of_o the_o horse_n his_o horse_n thene_n and_o many_o other_o of_o the_o most_o noble_a 545._o noble_a cronolog_n sax._n 545._o which_o i_o shall_v make_v yet_o more_o clear_a when_o i_o come_v to_o speak_v of_o hereot_fw-la out_o of_o the_o law_n of_o king_n cnut_n this_o law_n be_v mean_v of_o the_o less_o or_o under_o thane_n if_o any_o thegne_n which_o in_o his_o bockland_n opposite_a to_o so_o cland_n which_o pass_v without_o write_v have_v a_o church_n and_o a_o burial_n place_n &c_n &c_n 2_o &c_n will_v edg._n 2_o to_o make_v it_o more_o full_a as_o before_o be_v say_v that_o the_o policy_n of_o these_o german_a nation_n tend_v much_o to_o war_n the_o very_a ceorlâ—â—_n or_o ploughman_n can_v not_o under_o such_o a_o penalty_n keep_v at_o home_n when_o a_o army_n be_v to_o march_v 52._o march_v lâ—_n ina._n c._n 52._o and_o whosoever_o withdraw_v himself_o from_o the_o march_n forfeit_v all_o he_o have_v 24._o have_v council_n â—_o aeâ—ham_n c._n 24._o if_o the_o king_n be_v in_o the_o expedition_n the_o doomsday_n say_v in_o the_o city_n of_o hereford_n the_o burger_n serve_v with_o his_o horse_n when_o he_o die_v the_o king_n shall_v have_v his_o horse_n and_o arm_n as_o there_o wallingford_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n contain_v 276_o hage_n or_o house_n render_v ten_o pound_n of_o rent_n or_o gable_n and_o who_o remain_v there_o perform_v the_o king_n service_n with_o their_o horse_n or_o by_o water_n we_o find_v in_o the_o saxon_n time_n in_o a_o gift_n of_o land_n reservation_n of_o service_n and_o creation_n of_o tenor_n king_n aelfred_n at_o peace_n with_o guthrun_n the_o dane_n who_o he_o win_v over_o to_o the_o faith_n give_v he_o the_o province_n of_o the_o cast_a angle_n and_o northumberland_n to_o be_v possess_v by_o foedal_n and_o hereditary_a right_n ven_z right_n council_n sax._n 379._o asser_n man_n ven_z john_n pik_a who_o write_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o first_o say_v king_n aelfred_n give_v these_o province_n etc._n etc._n under_o fealty_n of_o the_o king_n that_o he_o may_v preserve_v that_o by_o hereditary_a right_n which_o he_o have_v invade_v by_o robbery_n malmesbury_n relate_v this_o in_o the_o same_o word_n 4._o word_n de_fw-fr gest_n reg_fw-la l._n 2._o c._n 4._o in_o the_o chronology_n we_o find_v here_o edmund_n the_o king_n waste_v all_o cumberland_n and_o give_v it_o to_o king_n malcolne_n king_n of_o the_o scot_n on_o condition_n that_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n he_o shall_v assist_v he_o in_o his_o war_n ê§_n he_o Æ¿aere_v his_o mid_a Æ¿yrhta_n that_o he_o be_v his_o fellow_n in_o action_n 945._o action_n cronal_a sâ—x_fw-la in_o a_o 945._o of_o the_o first_o of_o which_o harding_n have_v to_o who_o the_o king_n give_v then_o all_o eastenglond_n to_o hold_v of_o he_o the_o lond._n malmesbury_n report_v in_o the_o life_n of_o king_n edgar_n that_o there_o come_v to_o his_o court_n kunadie_n king_n of_o scot_n maleolne_a king_n of_o cumberland_n the_o arch_a pirate_n admiral_n maccuf_n all_o the_o king_n of_o the_o welsh_a dusual_a gifer_v hwal_a hoel_n dha_n jacob_n and_o judethil_n who_o edgar_n bind_v to_o himself_o in_o a_o perpetual_a oath_n hon._n oath_n l._n 2._o 4._o c._n 8._o v._o tit_n hon._n which_o may_v be_v call_v fealty_n where_o the_o same_o harding_n recite_v the_o beneficiary_a client_n or_o prince_n who_o have_v swear_v fealty_n say_v mr._n 280._o mr._n mare_fw-la clau_n 280._o selden_n to_o king_n cnut_n he_o add_v so_o do_v the_o king_n of_o wales_n of_o high_a parage_n and_o all_o the_o north-west_n ocean_n for_o their_o kingdom_n and_o their_o land_n then_o there_o be_v a_o example_n of_o the_o creation_n of_o knight_n service_n here_o before_o the_o norman_n in_o the_o life_n of_o the_o abbot_n of_o st._n alban_n then_o say_v the_o monk_n in_o the_o time_n of_o abbot_n leofstane_n and_o edward_n the_o confessor_n the_o chilterne_a a_o small_a country_n near_o the_o monastery_n be_v full_a of_o wood_n in_o which_o lodge_v divers_a beast_n wolf_n not_o then_o it_o seem_v extinct_a bore_v wild_a bull_n and_o dear_a and_o which_o be_v more_o mischievous_a thief_n out_o law_n banish_a man_n and_o fugitive_n abbot_n leofstane_n to_o the_o profit_n of_o this_o monastery_n grant_v to_o a_o certain_a stout_a knight_n thurnoth_n and_o to_o his_o two_o comerade_n waldef_n and_o thurman_n the_o manner_n of_o flamsted_n on_o condition_n that_o the_o say_a knight_n thurnoth_n with_o his_o comerade_n forenamed_a and_o their_o heir_n shall_v preserve_v the_o west_n part_n abound_v most_o with_o thieu_n as_o well_o from_o noisome_a beast_n as_o thief_n and_o answer_v such_o loss_n as_o by_o their_o neglect_n shall_v happen_v and_o if_o common_a war_n shall_v happen_v with_o all_o their_o diligence_n and_o power_n defend_v the_o church_n of_o st._n alban_n which_o they_o say_v he_o and_o their_o heir_n faithful_o perform_v till_o king_n william_n conquer_v england_n then_o that_o manor_n be_v take_v from_o they_o because_o they_o will_v not_o endure_v the_o norman_a yoke_n but_o a_o certain_a noble_a man_n roger_n of_o thony_n to_o who_o that_o manor_n fall_v stout_o perform_v that_o service_n 46_o service_n vit._n ab._n 46_o in_o doomsday_n be_v say_v that_o the_o church_n of_o holy_a mary_n of_o worcester_n have_v the_o hundred_o call_v oswald_n haw_o in_o which_o lie_n 300_o hide_n of_o which_o the_o bishop_n of_o that_o church_n from_o the_o constitution_n of_o ancient_a time_n have_v redditione_n socharum_n &_o regis_fw-la servitium_fw-la &_o suum_fw-la which_o be_v make_v socage_n rent_n and_o knight_n service_n 3._o rep._n praef._n in_o a_o old_a charter_n of_o the_o age_n of_o doomsday_n book_n be_v these_o word_n to_o edwin_n and_o all_o the_o teigue_n and_o drenge_n and_o to_o all_o the_o man_n of_o st._n cuthbert_n of_o goldinghamshire_n greeting_n the_o same_o as_o sir_n hen._n spelman_n with_o baron_n knight_n and_o freeholder_n in_o domesd_v do_fw-mi cestresc_n of_o this_o manor_n another_o land_n fifteen_o man_n who_o they_o call_v drench_n for_o fifteen_o manor_n hold_v and_o tit_n eod_a in_o villa_n wallingtone_n to_o that_o manor_n belong_v thirty_o four_o drench_n and_o so_o many_o maenor_n they_o have_v it_o be_v clear_a so_o the_o glossary_a that_o these_o drench_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o vassal_n but_o not_o ignoble_a who_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n one_o of_o which_o drench_v he_o conceive_v edwin_n in_o norfolk_n who_o posterity_n be_v after_o call_v shireburn_n to_o have_v be_v who_o prove_v
the_o nature_n and_o disposition_n of_o the_o people_n or_o whether_o they_o will_v breed_v any_o inconvenience_n or_o no_o but_o a_o custom_n never_o bind_v till_o it_o have_v be_v try_v and_o approve_a time_n out_o of_o mind_n during_o which_o no_o inconvenience_n do_v arise_v for_o if_o it_o have_v be_v find_v inconvenient_a it_o have_v be_v use_v no_o long_o but_o have_v be_v interrupt_v and_o so_o have_v lose_v the_o virtue_n of_o a_o law_n this_o be_v declare_v to_o be_v so_o by_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o in_o parliament_n in_o the_o 25_o year_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o which_o i_o shall_v cite_v below_o and_o if_o the_o judgement_n and_o declaration_n of_o parliament_n be_v not_o regard_v i_o know_v not_o what_o can_v give_v satisfaction_n c._n satisfaction_n vid._n 3._o c._n ancient_a liberty_n and_o custom_n which_o have_v be_v usitatae_fw-la &_o approbatae_fw-la use_v and_o approve_v mert._n approve_v c._n 9_o stat._n mert._n make_v the_o common_a law_n the_o statute_n call_v dictum_fw-la de_fw-fr kenelworth_n speak_v thus_o the_o party_n convict_v shall_v have_v judgement_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o land_n 25._o land_n 57_o hen._n 3._o c._n 25._o the_o 27_o of_o king_n edw._n the_o first_o of_o fines_n contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o our_o realm_n of_o ancient_a time_n use_v the_o 34_o of_o the_o same_o king_n confirm_v to_o all_o clerk_n and_o layman_n their_o law_n liberty_n and_o free_a custom_n as_o large_o and_o whole_o as_o they_o have_v use_v to_o have_v the_o same_o at_o any_o time_n when_o they_o have_v they_o best_o 4._o best_o c._n 4._o law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v make_v the_o same_o 3._o same_o 1._o e._n 2.34_o e._n 3._o abjuration_n be_v call_v custom_n of_o the_o realm_n 10._o realm_n 9_o e._n 2._o c._n 10._o the_o 25_o of_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o say_v according_a to_o be_v law_n of_o the_o land_n of_o old_a time_n use_v 2._o use_v c._n 2._o the_o title_n of_o the_o 27_o of_o this_o king_n speak_v in_o maintenance_n of_o the_o law_n and_o usage_n the_o statute_n 36_o of_o the_o same_o king_n law_n custom_n and_o statute_n 15._o statute_n c._n 15._o statute_n 42._o according_a to_o the_o old_a law_n 3._o law_n c._n 3._o in_o the_o time_n of_o richard_n the_o second_o law_n and_o usage_n be_v the_o same_o 2._o same_o 1_o r._n 2._o c._n 2._o it_o will_v be_v tedious_a to_o heap_v up_o more_o of_o this_o kind_n i_o will_v only_o add_v the_o declaration_n of_o the_o house_n of_o parliament_n in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o eight_o which_o be_v thus_o their_o word_n be_v direct_v to_o that_o king_n this_o your_o grace_n realm_n etc._n etc._n have_v be_v and_o be_v free_a from_o subjection_n to_o any_o man_n law_n but_o only_o to_o such_o as_o have_v be_v devise_v make_v and_o ordain_v within_o this_o realm_n for_o the_o wealth_n of_o the_o same_o or_o to_o such_o other_o as_o by_o the_o sufferance_n of_o your_o grace_n and_o your_o progenitor_n the_o people_n of_o this_o your_o realm_n have_v take_v at_o their_o free_a liberty_n by_o their_o own_o consent_n to_o be_v use_v among_o they_o and_o have_v bind_v themselves_o by_o long_a use_n to_o the_o observance_n of_o the_o same_o etc._n etc._n as_o to_o the_o custom_a and_o ancient_a law_n of_o this_o realm_n original_o establish_v as_o law_n of_o the_o same_o by_o the_o say_a sufferance_n consent_n and_o custom_n and_o none_o otherwise_o 21._o otherwise_o 25._o hen._n 8._o c._n 21._o now_o if_o what_o the_o people_n of_o england_n have_v take_v up_o out_o of_o long_a use_n custom_n and_o consent_n be_v not_o good_a agreeable_a and_o convenient_a after_o so_o much_o and_o so_o long_a trial_n they_o will_v appear_v the_o most_o foolish_a of_o all_o people_n they_o will_v not_o deserve_v that_o free_a liberty_n which_o themselves_o by_o their_o repraesentor_n tell_v we_o at_o the_o submit_v to_o and_o take_v these_o law_n they_o have_v and_o if_o they_o be_v good_a agreeable_a and_o convenient_a they_o will_v appear_v the_o most_o foolish_a of_o all_o people_n by_o their_o change_n no_o law_n ever_o be_v or_o can_v be_v make_v with_o more_o equity_n than_o these_o to_o which_o beside_o use_n and_o custom_n and_o experience_n free_a liberty_n and_o consent_n of_o those_o who_o be_v to_o observe_v they_o give_v life_n there_o be_v custom_n of_o court_n which_o be_v law_n too_o part_n of_o the_o common_a law_n 320._o law_n plough_v com._n 320._o as_o the_o statute_n of_o kenelworth_n if_o any_o man_n shall_v take_v revenge_n because_o of_o the_o late_a stir_n be_v shall_v be_v punish_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o court_n etc._n etc._n 26._o etc._n c._n 26._o six_o time_n be_v the_o common_a law_n call_v by_o littleton_n common_a right_n it_o be_v sometime_o call_v right_a sometime_o justice_n 29._o justice_n mirc_n c._n 2_o sec._n 16._o fleta_n 6._o c._n 1._o mag._n ch._n c._n 29._o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la call_v it_o justiciam_fw-la vel_fw-la rectum_fw-la justice_n or_o right_n westm_n 1._o common_a right_n and_o the_o king_n will_v these_o be_v the_o word_n that_o the_o peace_n of_o holy_a church_n and_o of_o the_o land_n be_v well_o keep_v in_o all_o point_n and_o that_o common_a right_n be_v do_v to_o all_o as_o well_o to_o poor_a as_o rich_a etc._n etc._n late_a statute_n have_v justice_n and_o right_a 2._o right_a 1._o r._n 2._o c._n 2._o full_a justice_n and_o right_a 4.1_o right_a 2._o h._n 4.1_o good_a justice_n and_o even_o right_a 1._o right_a 7._o h._n 4._o c._n 1._o common_a droiture_fw-fr in_o a_o statute_n 1._o statute_n west_n 1._o c._n 1._o be_v render_v justice_n according_a to_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o england_n 161._o england_n 2_o just_o 161._o call_v common_a right_n as_o the_o lord_n cook_n because_o the_o common_a law_n be_v the_o best_a and_o most_o common_a birthright_n the_o subject_n have_v for_o the_o safeguard_n and_o defence_n not_o only_o of_o good_n land_n and_o revenue_n but_o of_o his_o wife_n and_o child_n body_n life_n and_o fame_n also_o 56._o also_o 1_o just_a 142_o 2_o just_o 56._o that_o which_o be_v call_v common_a right_n in_o the_o second_o of_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o 8._o three_o c._n 8._o in_o the_o first_o of_o that_o king_n 14._o king_n c._n 14._o be_v call_v common_a law_n not_o only_o as_o fortescue_n do_v the_o law_n of_o england_n favour_n liberty_n 42._o liberty_n c._n 42._o but_o they_o be_v notion_v by_o the_o word_n the_o word_n liberty_n in_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la signify_v the_o law_n 1.29_o law_n c._n 1.29_o and_o in_o that_o respect_n be_v the_o great_a charter_n call_v the_o charter_n of_o the_o liberty_n 47_o liberty_n 2_o just_o 47_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la have_v these_o word_n that_o all_o the_o clerk_n and_o layman_n of_o our_o realm_n have_v all_o their_o law_n liberty_n and_o free_a custom_n etc._n etc._n 4._o etc._n c._n 4._o in_o the_o 38_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o the_o law_n be_v call_v franchise_n in_o the_o old_a book_n the_o great_a charter_n the_o fountain_n of_o all_o our_o 81._o our_o just_a 81._o foundamentall_a law_n be_v call_v the_o charter_n of_o franchise_n the_o common_a liberty_n the_o liberty_n of_o england_n 178_o england_n bract._n 291_o 414._o pleta_n l._n 2._o c._n 48_o brit._n 178_o because_o so_o the_o lord_n cook_n they_o make_v frecman_n 1_o frecman_n 1_o jnst_n 1_o the_o custom_n of_o england_n bring_v a_o freedom_n with_o they_o therefore_o in_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la be_v they_o call_v free_a custom_n 29._o custom_n 2_o just_o 47._o mag._n char._n c._n 29._o the_o court_n of_o justice_n be_v also_o call_v liberty_n because_o in_o they_o as_o the_o same_o book_n the_o law_n which_o make_v freeman_n be_v administer_v 4._o administer_v mich._n 17._o epist_n 1._o in_o come_v berot_n 221._o 2._o 2_o jnst_n 4._o the_o law_n than_o be_v liberty_n itself_o liberty_n and_o law_n be_v convertible_a nor_o be_v this_o liberty_n titular_a only_o and_o a_o liberty_n of_o word_n in_o the_o expression_n of_o the_o petition_n of_o right_n out_o of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la cite_v in_o the_o first_o chapter_n and_o out_o of_o the_o 28_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o no_o free_a man_n shall_v be_v take_v imprison_v or_o decease_a &c._n &c._n but_o by_o lawful_a judgement_n or_o by_o law_n of_o the_o land_n and_o no_o man_n of_o what_o estate_n or_o condition_n soever_o shall_v be_v put_v out_o of_o his_o land_n or_o tenement_n nor_o take_v imprison_a nor_o disherited_n nor_o bring_v to_o death_n without_o be_v bring_v to_o answer_v by_o due_a process_n of_o law_n which_o be_v as_o after_o in_o that_o petition_n of_o right_a either_o custom_n of_o england_n or_o act_n of_o parliament_n reg_n parliament_n 3_o car._n reg_n
the_o lord_n chancellor_n oath_n be_v thus_o that_o he_o shall_v do_v right_a to_o all_o manner_n of_o people_n poor_a and_o rich_a according_a to_o the_o law_n and_o usage_n of_o the_o realm_n 8._o realm_n 10._o r._n 2._o rot_n parl._n 8._o the_o baron_n of_o the_o exchequer_n swear_v no_o man_n right_a to_o disturb_v let_v or_o respite_n contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n 109._o land_n 4._o jnsti_fw-la 109._o which_o must_v be_v mean_v of_o the_o know_v and_o certain_a law_n of_o the_o land_n call_v in_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la legemterrae_n upon_o which_o all_o commission_n be_v ground_v wherein_o be_v the_o clause_n to_o do_v what_o belong_v to_o justice_n according_a to_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o england_n 51._o england_n 2._o jnsti_fw-la 51._o the_o illustrious_a viscount_n of_o st_n alban_n among_o his_o aphorism_n of_o universal_a justice_n have_v this_o let_v no_o court_n deal_v in_o case_n capital_a our_o law_n say_v civil_a too_o but_o out_o of_o a_o know_a and_o certain_a law_n god_n denounce_v death_n than_o he_o inflict_v it_o nor_o be_v any_o man_n life_n to_o be_v take_v away_o who_o know_v not_o first_o he_o have_v sin_v against_o it_o 402._o it_o augm._n scient_a 402._o by_o this_o law_n of_o the_o land_n although_o there_o be_v not_o nor_o can_v be_v any_o liberty_n which_o shall_v protect_v the_o transgressor_n of_o it_o yet_o have_v all_o offender_n a_o legal_a trial_n nor_o be_v possessor_n of_o the_o worst_a faith_n throw_v out_o without_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o law_n only_o against_o those_o who_o attempt_n to_o subvert_v or_o weaken_v the_o law_n there_o be_v a_o writ_n to_o the_o sheriff_n in_o nature_n of_o a_o commission_n to_o take_v the_o impugner_n and_o to_o bring_v they_o as_o the_o register_n to_o the_o gaol_n of_o newgate_n 53._o newgate_n regist_n 64_o 2._o justi_n 53._o this_o as_o the_o lord_n cook_n be_v lex_fw-la terrae_fw-la the_o law_n of_o england_n to_o take_v a_o man_n without_o answer_n or_o summons_n in_o this_o case_n and_o the_o reason_n give_v be_v he_o that_o will_v subvert_v all_o law_n deserve_v not_o the_o benefit_n of_o any_o among_o the_o article_n exhibit_v to_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o against_o cardinal_n wolsey_n he_o be_v charge_v with_o oppression_n in_o imprison_a sir_n john_n stanley_n and_o force_v he_o to_o release_v a_o farm_n take_v by_o covent_n seal_n of_o the_o abbot_n of_o chester_n etc._n etc._n as_o the_o word_n by_o his_o power_n and_o might_n 38._o might_n artic._n 38._o and_o that_o he_o threaten_v the_o judge_n to_o make_v they_o defer_v judgement_n 39_o judgement_n artic._n 39_o that_o he_o grant_v many_o injunction_n the_o party_n not_o call_v nor_o any_o bill_n put_v in_o by_o which_o diverse_a be_v cast_v out_o of_o their_o possession_n of_o their_o land_n and_o tenement_n 21._o tenement_n artic._n 21._o the_o close_a be_v that_o by_o his_o cruelty_n iniquity_n and_o partiality_n he_o have_v subvert_v the_o due_a course_n and_o order_n of_o the_o law_n his_o indictment_n go_v high_a and_o accuse_v he_o that_o he_o intend_v the_o most_o ancient_a law_n of_o england_n whole_o to_o subvert_v &_o weaken_v and_o this_o whole_a realm_n of_o england_n and_o the_o people_n of_o the_o same_o to_o the_o law_n imperial_a common_o call_v the_o civil_a law_n and_o to_o their_o canon_n for_o ever_o to_o subjugate_v etc._n etc._n rege_fw-la etc._n mich._n 21._o h._n 8._o coram_fw-la rege_fw-la now_o although_o the_o civil_a law_n deserve_v as_o much_o honour_n as_o can_v be_v give_v it_o and_o command_n and_o be_v obey_v much_o abroad_o yet_o this_o law_n of_o the_o land_n hold_v the_o possession_n here_o by_o a_o long_a unquestionable_a prescription_n and_o after_o the_o trial_n of_o many_o age_n get_v the_o affection_n of_o the_o people_n who_o father_n grow_v up_o happy_o under_o it_o which_o be_v not_o easy_o to_o be_v remove_v the_o rather_o because_o seldom_o do_v any_o nation_n willing_o submit_v to_o or_o welcome_v the_o custom_n and_o law_n of_o another_o which_o they_o have_v not_o be_v acquaint_v with_o and_o our_o judge_n who_o will_v not_o in_o our_o book_n part_n with_o one_o of_o its_o maxim_n 210._o maxim_n 2._o jn_v it_o 210._o will_v not_o have_v fall_v down_o before_o the_o shrive_v of_o any_o unknown_a themis_n and_o have_v offer_v up_o the_o whole_a table_n it_o be_v no_o hard_a matter_n to_o heap_v up_o testimony_n 3_o with_fw-mi chap._n 3_o if_o some_o will_v think_v it_o lawful_a to_o trust_v man_n in_o their_o own_o art_n or_o profession_n and_o can_v it_o not_o but_o be_v more_o reasonable_a that_o such_o shall_v be_v hear_v in_o the_o defensive_a then_o that_o those_o who_o profess_v full_a hostility_n bring_v with_o they_o only_o mistake_v of_o their_o own_o prejudice_n shall_v sit_v judge_n of_o the_o trial_n which_o be_v in_o their_o own_o cause_n and_o if_o thus_o far_o the_o reins_n be_v give_v to_o turbulent_a desperate_a spirit_n every_o thing_n how_o sacred_a soever_o may_v be_v arraign_v at_o these_o tribunal_n the_o article_n of_o our_o faith_n will_v quick_o totter_v nor_o will_v any_o principle_n be_v safe_a this_o descent_n will_v be_v fatal_a there_o be_v no_o stay_n in_o the_o precipice_n the_o bottom_n only_o must_v receive_v man_n where_o he_o that_o fall_v be_v crush_v to_o piece_n &_o what_o be_v worse_o those_o unhappy_a one_o who_o follow_v can_v see_v their_o danger_n thus_o we_o have_v see_v what_o the_o common_a law_n the_o liberty_n and_o franchise_n of_o the_o free_a people_n of_o england_n the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n be_v the_o law_n of_o ancient_a time_n 1._o d._n 27._o e._n 1._o of_o old_a time_n use_v â—_o use_v 25._o e._n â—_o the_o old_a law_n 3._o law_n 42._o e._n 3._o for_o age_n according_a to_o the_o judgement_n of_o these_o parliament_n make_v the_o law_n more_o venerable_a it_o be_v a_o addition_n of_o honour_n to_o it_o now_o it_o follow_v in_o order_n to_o speak_v something_o of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o this_o law_n law_n the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o law_n but_o as_o the_o beginning_n of_o thing_n sometime_o be_v rather_o guess_v at_o then_o know_v it_o be_v no_o wonder_n that_o there_o shall_v be_v no_o general_a agreement_n here_o of_o opinion_n some_o will_v make_v the_o law_n a_o colossus_n of_o the_o sun_n knock_v the_o star_n with_o its_o head_n more_o ancient_a than_o the_o dipthera_n or_o evanders_n mother_n other_o a_o late_a small_a spark_n strike_v from_o the_o clash_n of_o the_o norman_a sword_n the_o child_n rather_o of_o bellona_n then_o jove_n terrible_a in_o the_o cradle_n the_o truth_n be_v mistake_v by_o both_o to_o rely_v upon_o the_o authority_n of_o a_o chancellor_n or_o rather_o chief_a justice_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o six_o upon_o which_o the_o epist_n the_o r._n 2._o epi._n r._n 6._o epist_n antiquity_n shall_v be_v raise_v be_v less_o than_o that_o of_o aventine_n who_o profess_v history_n where_o after_o a_o prodigious_a link_n of_o german_a king_n before_o the_o arcadian_a moon_n he_o will_v needs_o bring_v his_o dutch_a to_o the_o war_n of_o troy_n which_o he_o prove_v out_o of_o the_o law_n of_o charles_n the_o 4._o who_o live_v less_o than_o two_o hundred_o year_n before_o aventine_n and_o some_o three_o hundred_o year_n before_o we_o from_o which_o he_o be_v peremptory_a there_o must_v be_v no_o appeal_n 49._o appeal_n boicar_n hist_o 49._o for_o a_o great_a lawyer_n continual_o employ_v in_o the_o public_a affair_n or_o in_o his_o study_n where_o his_o many_o volume_n upon_o the_o law_n show_v the_o whole_a man_n may_v well_o be_v take_v up_o to_o fail_v in_o a_o piece_n of_o history_n if_o he_o may_v just_o be_v say_v to_o fail_v this_o way_n who_o only_o trust_v another_o who_o be_v careless_a it_o be_v no_o blemish_n such_o as_o can_v deserve_v the_o censorian_a rod_n of_o our_o critic_n beside_o all_o man_n love_v to_o consecrate_v their_o original_n this_o be_v allow_v to_o antiquity_n say_v livy_n mix_v thing_n humane_a with_o divine_a to_o make_v the_o beginning_n of_o city_n more_o majestic_a and_o we_o may_v say_v as_o he_o do_v of_o his_o rome_n of_o our_o law_n if_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o canonize_v any_o to_o carry_v they_o up_o to_o heaven_n or_o fetch_v they_o down_o from_o thence_o that_o glory_n alone_o be_v due_a though_o it_o need_v not_o to_o the_o most_o sacred_a law_n of_o the_o land_n sir_n john_n fortescue_n his_o word_n be_v to_o this_o effect_n that_o if_o the_o law_n of_o england_n have_v not_o be_v most_o excellent_a the_o roman_n who_o cry_v up_o their_o civil_a law_n saxon_n dane_n or_o norman_n have_v alter_v they_o 17._o they_o de_fw-fr lg_n angelo_fw-mi l._n c._n 17._o by_o which_o our_o law_n must_v be_v british_a at_o least_o and_o our_o
before_o william_n the_o first_o that_o he_o side_v not_o against_o he_o and_o that_o be_v find_v true_a he_o and_o all_o those_o in_o his_o condition_n cotten_n condition_n weentun_n monum_fw-la hiâ—_n example_n â—n_n câ—â—ington_n of_o sir_n rob._n cotten_n like_a to_o lose_v all_o be_v confirm_v in_o their_o land_n and_o lordship_n to_o have_v and_o hold_v those_o be_v the_o word_n of_o the_o confirmation_n as_o whole_o and_o peaceable_o as_o ever_o they_o do_v before_o the_o conquest_n by_o the_o record_n of_o term._n trin._n 21_o e._n 3._o comit._n ebor_n &_o com._n northumb_n rot._n 191._o this_o drench_n be_v describe_v thus_o that_o the_o foresay_a vghtred_a hold_v the_o say_v land_n viz._n in_o northumberland_n of_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n and_o of_o his_o progenitor_n king_n of_o england_n by_o the_o service_n of_o a_o drench_n which_o service_n in_o the_o part_n aforesaid_a be_v such_o that_o of_o whosoever_o he_o hold_v any_o thing_n there_o by_o such_o service_n it_o be_v hold_v and_o if_o the_o tenant_n die_v his_o heir_n be_v within_o age_n the_o wardship_n of_o the_o heir_n and_o land_n belong_v to_o the_o lord_n of_o which_o &c_n &c_n dronche_n &c_n d._n spelm._n gloss_n verbâ—_n dronche_n with_o the_o marriage_n whether_o wardship_n and_o marriage_n as_o the_o lord_n cook_n 193._o cook_n 4._o inst_z 193._o no_o badge_n of_o servitude_n be_v of_o the_o same_o antiquity_n with_o king_n aelfred_n i_o will_v not_o take_v upon_o i_o to_o determine_v the_o lord_n cook_n as_o also_o the_o mirror_n in_o the_o place_n cite_v by_o he_o be_v for_o the_o affirmative_a etc._n affirmative_a inst_z 1._o p._n 76.4_o inst_z 292._o mire_n sect_n 3._o graft_n 911._o etc._n etc._n by_o a_o law_n if_o any_o man_n die_v intestate_a the_o lord_n be_v to_o have_v nothing_o but_o what_o be_v due_a by_o the_o name_n of_o hereoâ—_n 68_o hereoâ—_n ll._n cnuâ—â—_n c._n 68_o by_o mr._n lambard_n this_o be_v acknowledge_v engish-saxon_a and_o think_v to_o be_v the_o same_o with_o relief_n one_o place_n say_v relief_n or_o rather_o herent_fw-la 152_o herent_fw-la not._n in_o radwes_n 152_o and_o hereot_fw-la or_o relief_n id_fw-la relief_n 154._o 161_o id_fw-la &_o compare_v the_o hereota_n to_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d hereor_fw-la be_v a_o service_n and_o acknowledgement_n of_o the_o seignory_n of_o another_o a_o tribute_n so_o dr._n cowel_n give_v to_o the_o lord_n among_o the_o saxon_n for_o his_o better_a preparation_n towards_o the_o war_n in_o the_o monastical_a institution_n of_o king_n edgar_n hereot_fw-la be_v call_v geÆ¿unlic_a gae&ul_a gae&ul_a gae&ul_a a_o customary_a cens_fw-la or_o duty_n say_v to_o be_v give_v to_o the_o king_n by_o the_o great_a man_n of_o this_o country_n after_o geþtenege_v their_o death_n it_o be_v forbid_v by_o this_o king_n to_o be_v give_v for_o all_o abbot_n and_o abbess_n eadm_n abbess_n in_o not_z ad_fw-la eadm_n before_o as_o it_o seem_v not_o so_o free_a as_o here_o the_o word_n by_o the_o great_a man_n after_o their_o death_n make_v it_o quite_o another_o thing_n though_o it_o be_v call_v so_o from_o relief_n which_o be_v for_o the_o heir_n and_o never_o pay_v but_o where_o there_o be_v one_o hereot_fw-la one_o gloss_n verbo_fw-la hereot_fw-la the_o hereot_fw-la be_v to_o be_v reasonable_a and_o here_o again_o we_o shall_v see_v the_o rank_n of_o the_o saxon_a noblesse_n the_o earl_n eight_o horse_n four_o saddle_v four_z not_o four_o helmet_n four_o coat_n of_o mail_n and_o eight_o spear_n as_o many_o shield_n four_o sword_n and_o two_o hundred_o â—_o hundred_o saxon_a â—_o mark_n of_o gold_n the_o great_a thanes_z the_o kings_z thanes_z four_o horse_n two_o saddle_v then_o not_o two_o swords_z four_o spear_n as_o many_o shield_n a_o helmet_n a_o coat_n of_o mail_n and_o fifty_o mark_n of_o gold_n the_o medmere_n or_o under_o thane_n one_o horse_n ready_a his_o weapon_n or_o as_o among_o the_o west_n saxon_n his_o neck_n ransom_n among_o the_o mercian_n two_o pound_n among_o the_o easâ—-angels_n two_o pound_n the_o king_n thanes_z hereot_fw-la among_o the_o dane_n who_o have_v free_a jurisdiction_n ðe_v his_o socne_a haebâ—e_n four_o pound_n and_o if_o he_o be_v further_o know_v to_o the_o king_n two_o horse_n one_o saddle_v the_o other_o not_o one_o sword_n two_o spear_n two_o shield_n and_o fifty_o mark_n of_o gold_n the_o conclusion_n have_v not_o infimae_fw-la conditionis_fw-la thani_fw-la as_o the_o latin_a be_v but_o he_o that_o have_v less_o and_o less_o may_v be_v he_o two_o pound_n 69._o pound_n will_v conti._n c_o 69._o other_o lord_n have_v their_o hereot_fw-la too_o the_o law_n of_o king_n william_n which_o as_o the_o title_n be_v the_o same_o which_o king_n edward_n observe_v call_v this_o which_o in_o these_o law_n be_v hereot_fw-la relief_n and_o the_o earl_n king_n thegne_n and_o underthane_v who_o be_v here_o charge_v as_o be_v say_v there_o be_v call_v and_o name_v cnute_n barun_n and_o vavasour_n and_o charge_v much_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n 20._o manner_n â—_o 22_o 23_o 24_o v._n c._n 20._o with_o little_a difference_n king_n edward_n latin_a law_n where_o any_o man_n fall_v in_o war_n before_o his_o lord_n by_o land_n or_o else_o where_o forgive_v his_o relief_n 3â—_n relief_n c._n 3â—_n and_o give_v his_o heir_n his_o land_n and_o money_n without_o diminution_n ibid._n diminution_n ibid._n i_o will_v observe_v a_o little_a out_o of_o those_o old_a grant_n and_o charter_n which_o precede_v the_o norman_n by_o which_o the_o religious_a heretofore_o make_v their_o title_n only_o careful_a to_o get_v and_o to_o be_v free_a where_o we_o shall_v find_v other_o man_n be_v not_o so_o the_o confirmation_n of_o pope_n agatho_n of_o the_o new_a raise_v monastery_n of_o medeshamstede_n after_o peterborough_n before_o the_o age_n of_o charter_n 164._o charter_n an._n 680._o council_n sax._n 164._o recite_v the_o immunity_n it_o be_v to_o be_v in_o no_o ðeudom_n in_o no_o kind_n of_o servitude_n neither_o to_o king_n bishop_n nor_o earl_n no_o man_n be_v to_o have_v any_o rent_n or_o tribute_n there_o in_o the_o council_n of_o becanceld_a king_n wither_a free_v the_o church_n from_o all_o difficulty_n of_o saecular_a servitude_n from_o feed_v the_o king_n prince_n aldermen_z earl_n from_o all_o work_n the_o great_a and_o lesser_a grievance_n etc._n etc._n 190._o etc._n council_n becanceld_a au._n 694._o council_n sax._n 190._o witlafe_a king_n of_o the_o mercian_n in_o the_o year_n 833._o confirm_v to_o the_o monastery_n of_o crowland_n their_o land_n and_o tenement_n thus_o i_o grant_v deliver_v and_o confirm_v those_o land_n and_o tenement_n etc._n etc._n for_o a_o peaceable_a and_o perpetual_a possession_n to_o have_v from_o i_o and_o my_o heir_n whosoever_o king_n of_o the_o mercian_n after_o i_o to_o succeed_v in_o puram_fw-la eleemosynam_fw-la in_o perpetual_a and_o pure_a frankalmoigne_n libere_fw-la quiet_a et_fw-fr solute_a or_o as_o we_o now_o use_v it_o quit_v and_o discharge_v from_o all_o saecular_a charge_n exaction_n and_o tribute_n whatsoever_o by_o what_o name_n soever_o 328._o soever_o ingulp_n hist_o council_n sax._n 328._o as_o another_o place_n among_o many_o thing_n do_v &_o say_v ceolnoth_n the_o archbishop_n before_o the_o whole_a council_n of_o kingston_n show_v that_o the_o aforesaid_a king_n egbert_n and_o aethelwulfe_n his_o son_n give_v to_o christ-church_n at_o canterbury_n the_o manor_n call_v malling_n in_o south-saxon_a free_a from_o all_o secular_a service_n and_o tribute_n royal_a except_o these_o three_o expedition_n military_a fird_n or_o firdfare_n upon_o the_o herebanne_n the_o proclamation_n or_o edict_n military_a and_o to_o repair_v bridge_n &_o castle_n brugbote_n and_o burgbote_n 340._o burgbote_n council_n 340._o by_o some_o not_o to_o be_v release_v 228._o release_v charta_fw-la eâ—dbaldi_n mâ—lmsb_n de_fw-fr gest_n reg_fw-la l._n 1._o iâ—ae_fw-la reg_fw-la glelienb_n conceit_fw-la 228._o which_o be_v not_o true_a the_o most_o learned_a mr._n selden_n say_v in_o england_n before_o the_o norman_n be_v military_a fiefe_n the_o earl_n and_o thanes_z be_v bind_v to_o a_o kind_n of_o knight_n service_n all_o the_o land_n of_o the_o kingdom_n except_o some_o privilege_a etc._n etc._n hold_v of_o the_o crown_n mediate_o or_o immediate_o but_o say_v he_o the_o expedition_n mulitary_a etc._n etc._n those_o three_o be_v not_o so_o much_o by_o reason_n of_o tenure_n as_o general_a subjection_n to_o occasion_n of_o the_o state_n 321._o state_n tit._n hon._n 1_o edit_n 321._o likely_a so_o yet_o to_o recite_v the_o opinion_n of_o other_o there_o be_v that_o think_v this_o firdfare_n to_o be_v the_o same_o with_o our_o escuage_n the_o charter_n of_o kenulph_n 821._o an._n 821._o the_o mercian_n king_n to_o abingdon_n discharge_v all_o service_n but_o the_o expedition_n of_o twelve_o man_n with_o their_o shield_n cum_fw-la scutis_fw-la burgbote_n etc._n etc._n as_o the_o most_o know_a knight_n in_o the_o ancient_a charter_n
who_o death_n with_o so_o much_o infamy_n so_o often_o real_o before_o their_o eye_n can_v fright_v will_v never_o think_v any_o torment_n whatsoever_o where_o life_n be_v leave_v they_o though_o with_o more_o misery_n than_o can_v be_v speak_v terrible_a but_o it_o be_v think_v horrible_a and_o grievous_a that_o a_o man_n life_n which_o be_v invaluable_a in_o the_o law_n shall_v be_v take_v away_o for_o a_o thing_n of_o nothing_o for_o 12_o penny_n which_o say_v the_o most_o learned_a knight_n be_v the_o ancient_a law_n of_o the_o english_a nay_o for_o less_o by_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o the_o english_a i_o may_v say_v so_o king_n aethelstanes_n law_n begin_v with_o thief_n and_o speak_v thus_o first_o that_o man_n spare_v no_o thief_n so_o i_o render_v it_o according_a to_o the_o word_n who_o in_o the_o manner_n have_v in_o his_o hand_n take_v be_v above_o twelve_o year_n old_a &c_n &c_n above_o eight_o ponce_n c.r._n ponce_n c.r._n either_o eight_o penny_n or_o twelve_o penny_n the_o law_n be_v full_a of_o equity_n this_o king_n give_v a_o ram_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o preface_n as_o the_o saxon_a worth_a four_o penny_n that_o which_o as_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n sell_v heretofore_o for_o twelve_o penny_n will_v now_o be_v worth_a 20_o or_o 40_o s._n in_o the_o assize_n of_o bread_n long_o after_o the_o saxon_n in_o the_o 51_o of_o hen._n 3._o eight_o bushel_n of_o wheat_n be_v value_v but_o at_o twelve_o penny_n and_o although_o now_o the_o 12_o keep_v not_o the_o old_a rate_n but_o the_o modern_a yet_o thing_n be_v prize_v in_o trial_n of_o life_n far_o below_o their_o worth_n and_o no_o man_n lose_v his_o life_n but_o where_o the_o thing_n steal_v in_o estimate_n rise_v to_o more_o than_o many_o twelve_o pence_n that_o title_n of_o cosros_n among_o his_o other_o a_o king_n who_o hate_v war_n may_v just_o be_v give_v to_o our_o law_n peace_n the_o great_a blessing_n of_o this_o life_n and_o without_o which_o nothing_o else_o can_v be_v a_o blessing_n be_v everywhere_o provide_v for_o everywhere_o charge_v and_o command_v peace_n be_v command_v to_o be_v keep_v in_o the_o palace_n or_o hall_n of_o the_o king_n the_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o breach_n be_v the_o loss_n of_o all_o the_o offendor_n have_v and_o his_o life_n at_o discretion_n in_o the_o church_n the_o house_n field_n and_o town_n the_o mulct_n of_o wrangle_v be_v make_v 30.8_o 6_o 30.8_o ll._n ina._n c._n 6._o ll._n alfr._n c._n 7._o will_v edu._n then_z c._n 4._o ll._n etheldr_n c._n 6_o every_o man_n be_v to_o give_v pledge_n heretofore_o of_o his_o good_a behaviour_n the_o violation_n of_o faith_n so_o give_v be_v punish_v and_o be_v call_v breach_n of_o the_o peace_n every_o breach_n of_o the_o peace_n be_v such_o violation_n everyman_n house_n as_o the_o law_n since_o express_v it_o be_v to_o be_v his_o castle_n he_o who_o infringe_v the_o freedom_n or_o liberty_n of_o the_o house_n call_v râ—m_v soon_o by_o house_n break_v forfeit_v all_o he_o have_v and_o his_o life_n be_v to_o be_v at_o the_o king_n will_v 6._o will_v ll._n edm._n c._n 6._o grith_n or_o frithbrice_o be_v the_o term_n for_o breach_n of_o the_o peace_n king_n cnut_n in_o his_o law_n first_o will_n that_o god_n peace_n and_o the_o peace_n of_o the_o church_n be_v keep_v than_o his_o own_o 12.14_o own_o ll._n cnuti_n c._n 12.14_o and_o again_o we_o must_v provide_v for_o peace_n or_o the_o amendment_n of_o it_o most_o desire_a by_o dweller_n and_o most_o odious_a to_o thief_n 8._o thief_n c._n 8._o among_o the_o prerogative_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_a king_n be_v these_o breach_n of_o peace_n &_o house_n freedom_n 12.14_o freedom_n c._n 12.14_o the_o statute_n call_v westm_n the_o first_o speak_v let_v the_o peace_n of_o the_o land_n be_v maintain_v in_o all_o point_n the_o first_o of_o r._n 2._o let_v the_o peace_n be_v well_o and_o sure_o keep_v etc._n etc._n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n in_o the_o title_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 50_o of_o ed._n 3._o be_v these_o word_n to_o the_o honour_n of_o god_n and_o of_o holy_a church_n and_o quietness_n of_o the_o people_n which_o use_v to_o be_v the_o title_n of_o parliament_n 9_o parliament_n â—_o inst_z 9_o the_o statute_n of_o hen._n the_o 7._o concern_v justice_n of_o peace_n have_v that_o the_o subjecti_fw-la may_v live_v in_o surety_n uner_n his_o peace_n in_o their_o body_n and_o good_n inprimis_fw-la interest_n reipub_fw-la ut_fw-la pax_fw-la observetaer_fw-mi be_v a_o mixime_n of_o the_o common_a law_n affirm_v by_o parliament_n 158._o parliament_n 2._o inst_z 158._o in_o all_o action_n for_o any_o thing_n do_v against_o a_o statute_n law_n where_o the_o word_n vi_fw-mi &_o armis_fw-la be_v leave_v out_o yet_o the_o writ_n have_v contra_fw-la pacem_fw-la against_o the_o peace_n 9.50_o peace_n r._n 9.50_o every_o affray_v as_o mr._n lambard_n or_o put_v in_o fear_n be_v breach_n of_o the_o peace_n the_o law_n do_v not_o only_o make_v order_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o peace_n but_o as_o to_o the_o execution_n of_o the_o charge_n have_v appoint_v general_a and_o particular_a officer_n and_o minister_n to_o manage_v this_o part_n and_o to_o undergo_v this_o care_n the_o lord_n chancellor_n lord_n high_a steward_n of_o england_n lord_z marshal_z etc._n etc._n justice_n of_o the_o king_n bench_n say_v mr._n lambard_n have_v authority_n enclose_v in_o their_o office_n for_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o peace_n all_o england_n over_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o common_a plea_n be_v say_v to_o be_v conservator_n only_o in_o special_a place_n the_o master_n of_o the_o roll_n be_v a_o general_a conservator_n by_o prescription_n coroner_n and_o sheriff_n be_v to_o be_v conservator_n within_o their_o county_n justice_n of_o the_o peace_n instead_o of_o the_o ancient_a conservator_n antiquate_v be_v especial_o warder_n of_o the_o peace_n so_o be_v tithing_n man_n boroughead_n constable_n and_o petty_a constable_n in_o their_o limit_n as_o the_o first_o of_o ed._n 3._o 2._o 3._o 1._o e._n 3._o c._n 15.4_o e._n 3._o c._n 2._o in_o every_o county_n good_a man_n and_o lawful_a that_o be_v no_o maintainer_n of_o evil_a nor_o barretour_n in_o the_o country_n shall_v be_v assign_v to_o be_v justice_n of_o the_o peace_n as_o the_o 18_o of_o that_o king_n two_o or_o three_o of_o the_o most_o substantial_a man_n with_o other_o learned_a in_o the_o law_n as_o the_o 34._o a_o lord_n with_o three_o or_o feur_n of_o the_o most_o substantial_a etc._n etc._n by_o a_o statute_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o 6._o the_o justice_n must_v have_v land_n and_o tenement_n to_o the_o value_n of_o xx_o l._n by_o the_o year_n he_o be_v to_o be_v swear_v due_o and_o without_o favour_n to_o keep_v 7_o 13._o r._n 2._o c._n 7_o and_o put_v in_o execution_n all_o the_o statute_n and_o ordinance_n touch_v his_o office_n as_o by_o the_o jaw_n of_o all_o nation_n civil_a religion_n and_o the_o priesthood_n have_v their_o privilege_n and_o honour_n so_o no_o law_n ever_o favour_v piety_n and_o the_o church_n more_o than_o these_o and_o this_o full_o and_o so_o often_o that_o if_o it_o be_v make_v by_o any_o a_o objection_n of_o prejudice_n it_o can_v be_v deny_v it_o must_v be_v confess_v by_o all_o hand_n those_o of_o the_o roman_a new_a creed_n have_v in_o every_o age_n very_o clamorous_o and_o furious_o slander_v our_o law_n not_o only_o as_o short_a and_o imperfect_a but_o as_o unjust_a to_o be_v detest_v by_o all_o the_o faithful_a 101._o faithful_a becket_n in_o ma._n par._n 101._o such_o as_o without_o a_o save_a the_o honour_n of_o god_n and_o of_o holy_a church_n 492._o church_n hoved._n savil._n 492._o be_v not_o to_o be_v swear_v to_o against_o the_o faith_n as_o the_o bishop_n of_o rochester_n may_v be_v think_v to_o mean_v 1187._o mean_v graft_n 1187._o the_o exemption_n of_o the_o clergy_n take_v away_o by_o the_o law_n of_o clarendon_n where_o yet_o only_o the_o old_a law_n be_v restore_v be_v think_v as_o legal_a a_o impiety_n as_o heinous_a as_o can_v be_v yet_o bellarmine_n though_o a_o man_n more_o nimble_a than_o ten_o thousand_o becket_n dare_v not_o make_v it_o of_o divine_a right_n jure_fw-la divine_a valde_fw-la conform_v be_v as_o much_o as_o he_o think_v it_o be_v not_o of_o divine_a right_n that_o be_v too_o high_a not_o of_o humane_a that_o be_v as_o much_o too_o low_a but_o very_o conformable_a to_o divine_a right_n which_o be_v a_o ridiculous_a conforformity_n and_o make_v it_o neither_o the_o one_o nor_o the_o other_o within_o five_o year_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o 2._o there_o be_v above_o one_o hundred_o murder_n commit_v in_o england_n by_o priest_n and_o man_n within_o order_n so_o that_o it_o be_v time_n to_o take_v heed_n of_o these_o