neither_o more_o or_o less_o land_n money_n or_o any_o sort_n of_o commodity_n in_o england_n than_o there_o be_v before_o immediate_o by_o its_o change_n alter_v not_o at_o all_o the_o value_n of_o money_n in_o reference_n to_o commodity_n because_o the_o measure_n of_o that_o be_v only_o the_o quantity_n and_o vent_n which_o be_v not_o immediate_o change_v by_o the_o change_n of_o interest_n but_o only_o as_o the_o change_n of_o interest_n in_o trade_n conduce_v to_o the_o bring_n in_o or_o carry_v out_o money_n or_o commodity_n and_o so_o in_o time_n vary_v their_o proportion_n here_o in_o england_n from_o what_o it_o be_v before_o which_o be_v not_o in_o this_o place_n to_o be_v consider_v this_o be_v perfect_o the_o value_n of_o money_n in_o respect_n of_o consumable_a commodity_n but_o the_o better_a to_o understand_v it_o in_o its_o full_a latitude_n in_o respect_n both_o of_o consumable_a commodity_n and_o land_n too_o we_o must_v consider_v first_o that_o the_o value_n of_o land_n consist_v in_o this_o that_o by_o its_o constant_a production_n of_o saleable_a commodity_n it_o bring_v in_o a_o certain_a yearly_a income_n second_o the_o value_n of_o commodity_n consist_v in_o this_o that_o as_o portable_a and_o useful_a thing_n they_o by_o their_o exchange_n or_o consumption_n supply_v the_o necessary_n or_o conveniency_n of_o life_n three_o in_o mâ—râ—y_n there_o be_v a_o double_a value_n answer_v to_o both_o of_o these_o first_o as_o it_o be_v capable_a by_o its_o interest_n to_o yield_v we_o such_o a_o yearly_a income_n and_o in_o this_o it_o have_v the_o nature_n of_o land_n the_o income_n of_o one_o be_v call_v renâ—_n of_o the_o other_o use_v only_o with_o this_o difference_n that_o the_o land_n in_o its_o soil_n be_v different_a as_o some_o fertile_a some_o barren_a and_o the_o product_n of_o it_o very_o various_a both_o in_o their_o sort_n and_o value_v too_o according_a as_o their_o quantity_n and_o vent_n vary_v but_o moneyâ—_n constant_o the_o same_o and_o by_o its_o interest_n give_v the_o same_o sort_n of_o product_n through_o the_o whole_a country_n be_v capable_a of_o have_v a_o sixed_a yearly_a rate_n set_v upon_o it_o by_o the_o magistrate_n but_o â—and_n be_v not_o but_o though_o in_o the_o uniformity_n of_o its_o legal_a worth_n 100_o l._n of_o lawful_a money_n be_v all_o through_o england_n equal_a in_o its_o current_a value_n to_o any_o other_o 100_o l._n of_o lawful_a money_n because_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o law_n it_o will_v every_o where_o pass_v for_o as_o much_o ware_n or_o debt_n as_o any_o other_o hundred_o pound_n be_v capable_a to_o have_v its_o yearly_a hire_n value_v better_a than_o land_n yet_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o vary_a need_n and_o necessity_n of_o money_n which_o change_v with_o the_o increase_n or_o decay_v of_o money_n or_o trade_n in_o a_o country_n it_o be_v as_o little_a capable_a to_o have_v its_o yearly_a hire_n fix_v by_o law_n as_o land_n itself_o for_o be_v all_o the_o land_n in_o rumney-marsh_n acre_n for_o acre_n equal_o good_a that_o be_v do_v constant_o produce_v the_o same_o quantity_n of_o equal_o good_a hay_n or_o grass_n one_o as_o another_o the_o rent_n of_o it_o under_o that_o consideration_n of_o every_o acre_n be_v of_o a_o equal_a worth_n will_v be_v capable_a of_o be_v regulate_v by_o law_n and_o one_o may_v as_o well_o enact_v that_o no_o acre_n of_o land_n in_o rumney-marsh_n shall_v be_v let_v for_o above_o 40_o s._n per_fw-la an._n as_o that_o no_o 100_o l._n shall_v be_v let_v for_o above_o 4_o l._n per_fw-la an._n but_o no_o body_n can_v think_v it_o fit_a since_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o equal_a value_n of_o that_o land_n it_o can_v that_o therefore_o the_o rent_n of_o the_o land_n in_o rumney-marsh_n shall_v be_v regulate_v by_o law_n for_o suppose_v all_o the_o land_n in_o rumney-marsh_n or_o in_o england_n be_v all_o of_o so_o equal_a a_o worth_n that_o any_o one_o acre_n compare_v at_o the_o same_o time_n to_o any_o one_o other_o be_v equal_o good_a in_o respect_n of_o its_o product_n yet_o the_o same_o acre_n compare_v with_o itself_o in_o different_a time_n will_v not_o in_o respect_n of_o rent_n be_v of_o equal_a value_n and_o therefore_o it_o will_v have_v be_v a_o unreasonable_a thing_n if_o in_o the_o time_n of_o henryâ—_n â—_z the_o rent_n of_o land_n in_o rumney-marsh_n have_v be_v settle_v by_o a_o law_n according_a to_o the_o judge_v value_n of_o it_o at_o that_o time_n and_o the_o same_o law_n limit_v the_o rent_n perhaps_o to_o 5_o s._n per_fw-la acre_n have_v continue_v still_o the_o absurdity_n and_o impracticableness_n of_o this_o every_o one_o see_v at_o the_o first_o proposal_n and_o ready_o conclude_v within_o himself_o that_o thing_n must_v be_v leave_v to_o find_v their_o own_o priceâ—_n and_o it_o be_v impossible_a in_o this_o their_o constant_a mutability_n for_o human_a foresight_n to_o seâ—_n rule_n and_o bound_n to_o thâ—_n constantly-varying_a proportion_n and_o use_v which_o will_v always_o regulate_v their_o value_n they_o who_o consider_v thing_n beyond_o their_o name_n will_v find_v that_o money_n as_o well_o as_o all_o other_o commodity_n be_v liable_a to_o the_o same_o change_n and_o inequality_n nay_o in_o this_o respect_n of_o the_o variety_n of_o its_o value_n bring_v in_o by_o time_n in_o the_o succession_n of_o affair_n the_o rate_n of_o money_n be_v less_o capable_a of_o be_v regulate_v by_o a_o law_n in_o any_o country_n than_o the_o rent_n of_o land_n because_o of_o the_o quick_a change_n that_o happen_v in_o trade_n this_o too_o must_v be_v add_v that_o money_n may_v be_v bring_v in_o or_o carry_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o land_n can_v and_o so_o that_o be_v true_o worth_a 6_o or_o 8_o per_fw-la cent._n this_o year_n which_o will_v yield_v but_o 4_o the_o last_o 2._o money_n have_v a_o value_n as_o it_o be_v capable_a by_o exchange_n to_o procure_v we_o the_o necessary_n or_o conveniency_n of_o life_n and_o in_o this_o it_o have_v the_o nature_n of_o a_o commodity_n only_o with_o this_o difference_n that_o it_o serve_v we_o common_o by_o its_o exchange_n never_o almost_o by_o its_o consumption_n but_o have_v not_o at_o all_o a_o more_o stand_v settle_a value_n in_o exchange_n with_o any_o other_o thing_n than_o any_o other_o commodity_n have_v but_o a_o more_o know_a one_o and_o better_o fix_v by_o name_n number_n and_o weight_n to_o enable_v we_o to_o reckon_v what_o the_o proportion_n of_o scarcity_n and_o vent_n of_o one_o commodity_n be_v to_o another_o for_o suppose_v as_o before_o that_o half_o a_o ounce_n of_o silver_n will_v last_v year_n exchange_v for_o one_o bushel_n of_o wheat_n or_o for_o 15_o l._n weight_n of_o lead_n if_o this_o year_n wheat_n be_v 10_o time_n scarce_a and_o lead_v in_o the_o same_o quantity_n to_o its_o vent_n as_o it_o be_v be_v it_o not_o evident_a that_o half_a a_o ounce_n of_o silver_n will_v still_o exchange_v for_o 15_o l._n of_o lead_n though_o it_o will_v exchange_v but_o for_o one_o ten_o of_o a_o bushel_n of_o wheat_n and_o he_o that_o have_v use_v of_o lead_n will_v as_o soon_o take_v 15_o l._n weight_n of_o lead_n as_o â—_o ounce_n of_o silver_n for_o one_o ten_o of_o a_o bushel_n of_o wheat_n and_o no_o more_o so_o that_o if_o you_o say_v that_o money_n now_o be_v 9_o 10_o less_o worth_a than_o it_o be_v the_o former_a year_n you_o must_v say_v so_o of_o lead_n too_o and_o all_o other_o thing_n that_o keep_v the_o same_o proportion_n to_o money_n they_o be_v in_o before_o only_o this_o variation_n be_v first_o observe_v in_o money_n because_o it_o be_v the_o measure_n by_o which_o people_n reckon_v for_o call_v that_o half_a ounce_n of_o silver_n half_n a_o crown_n they_o be_v understand_v better_o when_o they_o say_v half_o a_o crown_n or_o two_o shilling_n and_o six_o penny_n will_v now_o but_o 1_o 10_o of_o a_o bushel_n of_o wheat_n but_o do_v not_o say_v that_o 15_o l._n of_o lead_n will_v now_o but_o 1_o 10_o of_o a_o busheâ—_n of_o wheat_n because_o it_o be_v not_o general_o use_v to_o this_o sort_n of_o reckon_a nor_o do_v theâ—_n say_v lead_n be_v less_o worth_a than_o it_o be_v though_o in_o respect_n of_o wheat_n lead_v be_v 〈…〉_z worse_o than_o it_o be_v as_o well_o as_o silver_n only_o by_o the_o tale_n of_o shilling_n we_o be_v better_o enable_v to_o judge_v of_o it_o this_o i_o suppose_v be_v the_o true_a value_n of_o mâ—â—ney_n when_o it_o pass_v from_o one_o to_o another_o in_o buy_v and_o sell_v where_o it_o run_v the_o same_o change_n of_o high_a and_o low_o as_o anâ—_n other_o commodity_n do_v for_o one_o equâ—â—_n quantity_n whereof_o you_o shall_v receive_v more_o or_o less_o of_o another_o commodity_n at_o onâ—_n time_n than_o you_o do_v at_o another_o in_o
exchange_n for_o a_o farmer_n that_o carry_v a_o bushel_n â—_o wheat_n to_o market_n and_o a_o labourer_n thâ—â—_n carry_v half_o a_o crown_n shall_v find_v that_o the_o money_n of_o one_o as_o well_o as_o corn_n of_o the_o other_o shall_v at_o some_o time_n purchase_v he_o more_o or_o less_o leather_n or_o salt_n according_a as_o they_o be_v in_o great_a plenty_n and_o scarcity_n one_o to_o another_o so_o that_o in_o exchange_n of_o coin_a silver_n for_o any_o other_o commodity_n which_o be_v buy_v and_o sell_v the_o same_o measure_n govern_v the_o proportion_n you_o receive_v as_o if_o you_o exchange_v lead_v or_o wheat_n or_o any_o other_o commodity_n which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o their_o quantity_n in_o proportion_n to_o their_o vent_n if_o then_o change_v of_o use_n make_v not_o your_o silver_n more_o in_o spâ—ciâ—_fw-la or_o your_o wheat_n or_o other_o commodity_n less_o it_o will_v not_o have_v any_o influence_n at_o all_o to_o make_v it_o exchange_v for_o less_o of_o wheat_n or_o any_o other_o commodity_n than_o it_o will_v have_v on_o lead_n to_o make_v it_o exchange_v for_o less_o wheat_n or_o any_o other_o commodity_n money_n therefore_o in_o buy_v and_o sell_v being_n perfect_o in_o the_o same_o condition_n with_o other_o commodity_n and_o subject_a to_o all_o the_o same_o law_n of_o value_n let_v we_o next_o see_v how_o it_o come_v to_o be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o land_n by_o yield_v a_o certain_a yearly_a income_n which_o we_o call_v use_v or_o interest_n for_o land_n produce_v natural_o something_a new_a and_o profitable_a and_o of_o value_n to_o mankind_n but_o money_n be_v a_o barren_a thing_n and_o produce_v nothing_o but_o by_o compact_n transfer_v that_o profit_n that_o be_v the_o reward_n of_o one_o man_n labour_n into_o another_o man_n pocket_n that_o which_o occasion_n this_o be_v the_o unequal_a distribution_n of_o money_n which_o inequality_n have_v the_o same_o effect_n too_o upon_o land_n that_o it_o have_v upon_o money_n for_o my_o have_v more_o money_n in_o my_o hand_n than_o i_o can_v or_o be_o dispose_v to_o use_v in_o buy_v and_o sell_v make_v i_o able_a to_o lend_v and_o another_o want_n of_o so_o much_o money_n as_o he_o can_v employ_v in_o trade_n make_v he_o willing_a to_o borrow_v but_o why_o then_o and_o for_o what_o consideration_n do_v he_o pay_v use_v for_o the_o same_o reason_n and_o upon_o as_o good_a consideration_n as_o the_o tenant_n pay_v rend_v for_o your_o land_n for_o as_o the_o unequal_a distribution_n of_o land_n you_o have_v more_o than_o you_o can_v or_o will_v manure_v and_o another_o less_o bring_v you_o a_o tenant_n for_o your_o land_n and_o the_o same_o unequal_a distribution_n of_o money_n i_o have_v more_o than_o i_o can_v or_o will_v employ_v and_o another_o less_o bring_v i_o a_o tenant_n for_o my_o money_n so_o my_o money_n be_v apt_a in_o trade_n by_o the_o industry_n of_o the_o borrower_n to_o produce_v more_o than_o 6_o per_fw-la cent._n to_o the_o borrower_n as_o well_o aâ—_n your_o land_n by_o the_o labour_n of_o the_o tenant_n be_v apt_a to_o produce_v more_o fruit_n than_o his_o rent_n come_v to_o and_o therefore_o deserve_v to_o be_v pay_v for_o as_o well_o as_o land_n by_o a_o yearly_a rent_n for_o though_o the_o usurer_n money_n will_v bring_v in_o no_o yearly_a profit_n if_o he_o do_v not_o lend_v it_o suppose_v he_o employ_v it_o not_o himself_n and_o so_o his_o six_o per_fw-la cent._n may_v seem_v to_o be_v the_o fruit_n of_o another_o man_n labour_n yet_o he_o share_v not_o near_o so_o much_o of_o the_o profit_n of_o another_o man_n labour_n as_o he_o that_o let_v land_n to_o a_o tenant_n for_o without_o the_o tenant_n industry_n suppose_v as_o before_o the_o owner_n will_v not_o manage_v it_o himself_o his_o land_n will_v yield_v he_o little_a or_o no_o profit_n so_o that_o the_o rent_n he_o receive_v be_v a_o great_a portion_n of_o the_o fruit_n of_o his_o tenant_n labour_v than_o the_o use_n be_v at_o 6_o per_fw-mi cent_z for_o general_o he_o that_o borrow_v 1000_o l._n at_o six_o per_fw-la cent._n and_o so_o pay_v 60_o l._n per_fw-la aâ—num_fw-la use_v get_v more_o above_o his_o use_n in_o one_o year_n by_o his_o industry_n than_o he_o that_o rent_n a_o farm_n of_o 60_o l._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la get_v in_o two_o above_o his_o rent_n though_o his_o labour_n be_v hard_a it_o be_v evident_a therefore_o that_o he_o that_o have_v skill_n in_o traffic_n but_o have_v not_o money_n enough_o to_o exercise_v it_o have_v not_o only_a reason_n to_o borrow_v money_n to_o drive_v his_o trade_n and_o get_v a_o livelihood_n but_o as_o much_o reason_n to_o pay_v use_n for_o that_o money_n as_o he_o that_o not_o have_v land_n of_o his_o own_o yet_o have_v skill_n in_o husbandry_n have_v not_o only_a reason_n to_o rend_a land_n but_o to_o pay_v money_n for_o the_o use_v of_o it_o it_o follow_v that_o borrow_v money_n upon_o use_n be_v not_o only_o by_o the_o necessity_n of_o affair_n and_o the_o constitution_n of_o humane_a society_n unavoidable_a to_o some_o man_n but_o that_o also_o to_o receive_v profit_n for_o the_o loan_n of_o money_n be_v as_o equitable_a and_o lawful_a as_o receive_v rend_v for_o land_n and_o more_o tolerable_a to_o the_o borrower_n notwithstanding_o the_o opinion_n of_o some_o over-scrupulous_a men._n this_o be_v so_o one_o will_v expect_v that_o the_o rate_n of_o interest_n shall_v be_v the_o measure_n of_o the_o value_n of_o land_n in_o number_n of_o year_n purchase_v for_o which_o the_o fee_n be_v sell_v for_o 100_o l._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la be_v equal_a to_o 100_o l._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la and_o so_o to_o perpetuity_n and_o 100_o l._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la be_v the_o productâ—_n of_o 1000_o l._n when_o interest_n be_v at_o 10_o per_fw-la cent._n of_o 1250_o l._n when_o interest_n be_v at_o 8_o per_fw-la cent._n of_o 1666_o l._n or_o thereabouts_o when_o interest_n be_v at_o 6_o per_fw-la cent._n of_o 2000_o l._n when_o money_n be_v at_o 5_o per_fw-la cent._n of_o 2500_o l._n when_o money_n be_v at_o 4_o per_fw-la cent._n one_o will_v conclude_v i_o say_v that_o land_n shall_v sell_v in_o proportion_n to_o use_v according_a to_o these_o follow_a rate_n viz._n when_o money_n be_v at_o 10_o per_fw-la cent._n for_o 10_o year_n purchase_n when_o money_n be_v at_o 8_o per_fw-la cent._n for_o 12_o 1_o â—_o year_n purchase_v when_o money_n be_v at_o 6_o per_fw-la cent._n for_o 16_o â—_o â—_o year_n purchase_v when_o money_n be_v at_o 5_o per_fw-la cent._n for_o 20_o year_n purchase_n when_o money_n be_v at_o 4_o per_fw-la cent._n for_o 25_o year_n purchase_n but_o experience_n tell_v we_o that_o neither_o in_o queen_n elizabeth_n nor_o king_n james_n the_o first_o reign_v when_o interest_n be_v at_o ten_o per_fw-la cent._n be_v land_n sell_v for_o ten_o or_o when_o it_o be_v at_o eighth_n per_fw-mi cent_z for_o 12_o ½_o year_n purchase_v or_o any_o thing_n near_o the_o low_a rate_n that_o high_o use_v require_v if_o it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o rate_n of_o interest_n govern_v the_o price_n of_o land_n any_o more_o than_o land_n now_o yield_v 25_o year_n purchase_n because_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o moneyed_a man_n will_v now_o let_v their_o money_n upon_o good_a security_n at_o four_o per_fw-la cent._n thus_o we_o see_v in_o fact_n how_o little_a this_o rule_n have_v hold_v at_o home_n and_o he_o that_o will_v look_v into_o holland_n will_v find_v that_o the_o purchase_n of_o land_n be_v not_o raise_v there_o when_o their_o interest_n fall_v this_o be_v certain_a and_o past_a doubt_n that_o the_o legal_a interest_n can_v never_o regulate_v the_o price_n of_o land_n since_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o the_o price_n of_o land_n have_v never_o change_v with_o it_o in_o the_o several_a change_n have_v be_v make_v in_o the_o rate_n of_o interest_n by_o law_n nor_o now_o that_o the_o rate_n of_o interest_n be_v by_o law_n the_o same_o through_o all_o england_n be_v the_o price_n of_o land_n every_o where_o the_o same_o it_o be_v in_o some_o part_n constant_o sell_v for_o 4_o or_o 5_o year_n purchase_v more_o than_o in_o other_o whether_o you_o or_o i_o can_v tell_v the_o reason_n of_o this_o it_o matter_n not_o to_o the_o question_n in_o hand_n but_o it_o be_v real_o so_o this_o be_v plain_a demonstration_n against_o those_o who_o pretend_v to_o advance_v and_o regulate_v the_o price_n of_o land_n by_o a_o law_n concern_v the_o interest_n of_o money_n but_o yet_o i_o will_v give_v you_o some_o of_o my_o guess_n why_o the_o price_n of_o land_n be_v not_o regulate_v as_o at_o first_o sight_n it_o seem_v it_o shall_v be_v by_o the_o interest_n of_o money_n why_o it_o be_v not_o regulate_v by_o the_o legal_a use_n be_v manifest_a because_o the_o rate_n of_o
improvident_a landholder_n will_v not_o fail_v to_o have_v money_n for_o his_o ware_n with_o gain_n whether_o the_o kingdom_n get_v by_o his_o trade_n or_o no_o and_o he_o will_v keep_v his_o money_n rather_o employ_v in_o trade_n which_o bring_v he_o in_o profit_n for_o the_o merchant_n may_v get_v by_o a_o trade_n that_o make_v the_o kingdom_n poor_a than_o lie_v it_o out_o in_o land_n who_o rent_n he_o see_v sink_v and_o foresee_v by_o the_o course_n of_o trade_n be_v likely_a to_o continue_v on_o to_o do_v so_o when_o a_o nation_n be_v run_v to_o decay_n and_o ruin_n the_o merchant_n and_o moneyed_a man_n do_v what_o you_o can_v will_v be_v sure_a to_o starve_v last_o observe_v it_o where_o you_o will_v the_o decay_n that_o come_v upon_o and_o bring_v to_o ruin_n any_o country_n do_v constant_o first_o fall_n upon_o the_o land_n and_o though_o the_o country_n gentleman_n who_o usual_o secure_o rely_v upon_o so_o much_o a_o year_n as_o be_v give_v in_o at_o his_o marriage_n settlement_n and_o think_v his_o land_n a_o unmoveable_a fund_z for_o such_o a_o income_n be_v not_o very_o forward_o to_o think_v so_o yet_o this_o nevertheless_o be_v a_o undoubted_a truth_n that_o he_o be_v more_o concern_v in_o trade_n and_o ouâ—ht_n to_o take_v a_o great_a care_n that_o it_o be_v wâ—ll_n manage_v and_o preserve_v than_o even_o the_o merchant_n himself_o for_o he_o will_v certain_o findâ—_n that_o when_o a_o decay_n of_o trade_n have_v carry_v away_o one_o part_n of_o our_o money_n out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o other_o be_v keep_v in_o the_o merchant_n and_o tradesman_n hand_n that_o no_o law_n he_o can_v make_v nor_o any_o little_a art_n of_o shift_a property_n among_o ourselves_o will_v bring_v it_o back_o to_o he_o again_o but_o his_o rent_n will_v fall_v and_o his_o income_n every_o day_n lessen_v till_o general_a industry_n and_o frugality_n join_v to_o a_o well_o order_v trade_n shall_v restore_v to_o the_o kingdom_n the_o riches_n and_o wealth_n it_o have_v former_o this_o by_o the_o way_n if_o well_o consider_v may_v let_v we_o see_v that_o tax_n however_o contrive_v and_o out_o of_o who_o hand_n soever_o immediate_o take_v do_v in_o a_o country_n where_o their_o great_a fund_z be_v in_o land_n for_o the_o most_o part_n terminate_v upon_o land_n whatsoever_o the_o people_n be_v chief_o maintain_v by_o that_o the_o government_n support_v itself_o on_o nay_o perhaps_o it_o will_v be_v find_v that_o those_o tax_n which_o seem_v least_o to_o affect_v land_n will_v most_o sure_o of_o all_o other_o â—aâ—_n the_o rent_n which_o be_v a_o evil_a the_o hard_a to_o be_v recover_v for_o rent_n once_o fâ—â—len_v be_v not_o easy_o raise_v again_o a_o tax_n lay_v upon_o land_n seem_v hard_a to_o the_o landholder_n because_o it_o be_v so_o much_o money_n go_v visible_o out_o of_o his_o pocket_n and_o 〈…〉_z ease_v to_o himself_o the_o landholder_n iâ—â—â—â—â—ys_v forward_o to_o lay_v it_o upon_o commodity_n but_o 〈…〉_z thorough_o consider_v it_o and_o 〈◊〉_d the_o effect_n he_o will_v find_v he_o buy_v this_o seem_a ease_n at_o a_o very_a dear_a rate_n and_o though_o he_o pay_v not_o this_o tax_n immediate_o out_o of_o his_o own_o purse_n yet_o there_o will_v be_v more_o want_v there_o at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o year_n than_o that_o come_v to_o with_o the_o lessen_v of_o his_o rent_n which_o be_v a_o settle_a and_o last_a evil_n that_o will_v stick_v upon_o he_o beyond_o the_o present_a payment_n to_o make_v this_o clear_a let_v we_o suppose_v in_o the_o present_a state_n of_o affair_n in_o england_n that_o the_o rent_n of_o england_n be_v twelve_o million_o and_o that_o the_o charge_n and_o necessity_n of_o the_o government_n require_v a_o supply_n of_o three_o million_o from_o the_o parliament_n which_o be_v lay_v on_o land_n here_o be_v one_o four_o part_n of_o his_o yearly_a income_n go_v immediate_o out_o of_o the_o landlord_n and_o landholders_n pocket_n this_o be_v a_o burden_n very_o apt_a to_o be_v feel_v he_o ready_o perceive_v what_o go_v thus_o out_o of_o his_o estate_n who_o actual_o pay_v the_o money_n out_o of_o his_o pocket_n or_o find_v it_o deduct_v out_o of_o his_o rent_n at_o quarter-day_n for_o tax_n but_o though_o this_o be_v a_o quarter_n of_o his_o yearly_a income_n and_o out_o of_o a_o estate_n of_o four_o hundred_o pound_n a_o year_n the_o public_a tax_n now_o open_o take_v away_o one_o hundred_o yet_o this_o influence_n not_o at_o all_o the_o yearly_a rent_n of_o the_o land_n which_o the_o rack-rent_a or_o under_o tenant_n pay_v it_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n to_o he_o whether_o he_o pay_v all_o his_o rent_n to_o the_o king_n or_o his_o landlord_n or_o ½_o or_o ¼_n or_o none_o at_o all_o to_o the_o king_n the_o case_n be_v all_o one_o to_o he_o what_o hand_n receive_v his_o rent_n when_o due_a so_o trade_n flourish_v and_o his_o commodity_n go_v off_o well_o he_o will_v be_v able_a to_o pay_v his_o rent_n on_o this_o lessen_v not_o any_o more_o the_o value_n of_o his_o farm_n than_o a_o high_a or_o a_o low_a chief_a rent_n do_v pay_v out_o of_o it_o to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o fee_n and_o the_o tenant_n bargain_n and_o profit_n be_v the_o same_o whether_o the_o land_n be_v charge_v or_o not_o charge_v with_o a_o annuity_n payable_a to_o another_o man._n we_o see_v this_o in_o college_n lease_n where_o though_o the_o college_n tenant_n pay_v for_o it_o to_o the_o college_n some_o year_n five_o time_n as_o much_o as_o he_o do_v other_o upon_o the_o vary_a rate_n of_o corn_n yet_o the_o under_o tenant_n feel_v not_o this_o alteration_n in_o the_o least_o nor_o find_v a_o reason_n to_o have_v his_o rent_n abate_v because_o a_o great_a part_n of_o it_o be_v divert_v from_o his_o landlord_n all_o this_o be_v but_o change_v the_o hand_n that_o receive_v the_o rent_n without_o any_o influence_n at_o all_o upon_o the_o yearly_a value_n of_o the_o estate_n which_o will_v not_o be_v let_v for_o one_o penny_n more_o or_o less_o to_o the_o renter_n however_o or_o among_o whosoever_o the_o rent_n he_o pay_v be_v divide_v from_o hence_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o tax_n lay_v on_o land_n do_v not_o in_o the_o least_o make_v rent_n fall_v but_o suppose_v to_o shift_v off_o the_o burden_n from_o the_o land_n some_o country_n gentleman_n shall_v think_v fit_a to_o raise_v these_o three_o million_o upon_o commodity_n to_o let_v the_o land_n go_v free_a first_o it_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v that_o since_o the_o public_a want_v require_v three_o million_o for_o that_o we_o suppose_v for_o argument_n sake_n let_v it_o be_v three_o million_o or_o one_o million_o that_o be_v all_o one_o and_o so_o much_o must_v go_v into_o the_o king_n coffer_n or_o else_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o government_n will_v not_o be_v supply_v that_o for_o raise_v these_o three_o million_o on_o commodity_n and_o bring_v so_o much_o into_o the_o exchequer_n there_o must_v go_v a_o great_a deal_n more_o than_o three_o million_o out_o of_o the_o subjects_n pocket_n for_o a_o tax_n of_o that_o nature_n can_v be_v levy_v by_o officer_n to_o watch_v every_o little_a rivulet_n of_o trade_n without_o a_o great_a chaâ—ge_n especial_o at_o first_o trial_n but_o suppose_v no_o more_o charge_n in_o raise_v it_o than_o of_o a_o land_n tax_n and_o that_o there_o be_v only_o â—_o million_o to_o be_v pay_v it_o be_v evident_a that_o to_o do_v this_o out_o of_o commodity_n they_o must_v to_o the_o coâ—â—umer_n bâ—_n raise_v ¼_n in_o their_o price_n so_o that_o every_o tâ—â—â—g_n to_o he_o that_o use_v it_o must_v be_v ¼_n dâ—â—â—er_n â—et_v we_o see_v now_o who_o at_o long_o run_v 〈◊〉_d pay_v this_o ¼_n and_o where_o it_o will_v light_v it_o be_v plain_a the_o merchant_n and_o broker_n neither_o will_v nor_o câ—n_n for_o if_o he_o pay_v 1_o â—_o more_o for_o commodity_n than_o he_o do_v he_o will_v sell_v they_o at_o a_o price_n proportionable_o raise_v the_o poor_a labourer_n and_o handicraftsman_n can_v for_o he_o just_a life_n from_o hand_n to_o mouth_n already_o and_o all_o his_o food_n clothing_n and_o utensil_n cost_v ¼_n more_o than_o they_o do_v before_o either_o his_o wage_n must_v rise_v with_o the_o price_n of_o thing_n to_o make_v he_o live_v or_o else_o not_o be_v able_a to_o maintain_v himself_o and_o family_n by_o his_o labour_n he_o come_v to_o the_o parish_n and_o then_o the_o land_n bear_v the_o burden_n a_o heavy_a way_n if_o the_o labourer_n wage_n be_v raise_v in_o proportion_n to_o the_o increase_v rate_n of_o thing_n the_o farmer_n who_o pay_v ¼_n more_o for_o wage_n as_o well_o as_o all_o other_o thing_n while_o he_o sell_v his_o corn_n and_o wool_n either_o at_o the_o same_o rate_n or_o low_a at_o the_o market_n since_o the_o
quarter_n of_o england_n and_o into_o a_o great_a number_n of_o hand_n according_a to_o the_o exigence_n of_o trade_n if_o money_n be_v to_o be_v hire_v as_o land_n be_v or_o to_o be_v have_v as_o corn_n or_o wool_n from_o the_o owner_n himself_o and_o know_v good_a security_n be_v give_v for_o it_o it_o may_v then_o probable_o be_v have_v at_o the_o market_n which_o be_v the_o true_a rate_v and_o will_v be_v a_o constant_a gauge_v of_o your_o trade_n and_o wealth_n but_o when_o a_o kind_n of_o monopoly_n by_o consent_n have_v put_v this_o general_a commodity_n into_o a_o few_o hand_n it_o may_v need_v regulation_n though_o what_o the_o state_v rate_n of_o interest_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o constant_a change_n of_o affair_n and_o flux_n of_o money_n be_v hard_o to_o determine_v possible_o it_o may_v be_v allow_v as_o a_o reasonable_a proposal_n that_o it_o shall_v be_v within_o such_o bound_n 〈…〉_z quite_o lâ—t_v up_o the_o merchant_n and_o tradesman_n profit_n and_o discourage_v their_o industry_n nor_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n so_o low_a as_o shall_v hinder_v man_n from_o risque_a their_o money_n in_o other_o man_n hand_n and_o so_o rather_o choose_v to_o keep_v it_o out_o of_o trade_n than_o venture_v it_o upon_o so_o small_a profit_n when_o it_o be_v too_o high_a it_o so_o hinder_v the_o merchant_n gain_n that_o he_o will_v not_o borrow_v when_o too_o low_a it_o so_o hinder_v the_o moneyed_a man_n profit_n that_o he_o will_v not_o lend_v and_o both_o these_o way_n it_o be_v a_o hindrance_n to_o trade_n but_o this_o be_v perhaps_o too_o general_a and_o loose_a a_o rule_n let_v i_o add_v that_o if_o one_o will_v consider_v money_n and_o land_n alone_o in_o relation_n one_o to_o another_o perhaps_o it_o be_v now_o at_o six_o per_fw-la cent._n in_o as_o good_a a_o proportion_n as_o be_v possible_a six_o per_fw-la cent._n be_v a_o little_a high_o than_o land_n at_o twenty_o year_n purchase_n which_o be_v the_o rate_v pretty_a near_o that_o land_n have_v general_o carry_v in_o england_n it_o never_o be_v much_o over_o nor_o under_o for_o suppose_v 100_o l._n in_o money_n and_o land_n of_o 5_o l._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la be_v of_o equal_a value_n which_o be_v land_n at_o twenty_o year_n purchase_n it_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o make_v their_o value_n true_o equal_a that_o they_o shall_v produce_v a_o equal_a income_n which_o the_o 100_o l._n at_o 5_o l._n per_fw-la cent._n interest_n be_v not_o likely_a to_o do_v 1._o because_o of_o the_o many_o and_o sometime_o long_a interval_n of_o barrenness_n which_o happen_v to_o money_n more_o than_o land_n money_n at_o use_n when_o return_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o owner_n usual_o lie_v dead_a there_o till_o he_o get_v a_o new_a tenant_n for_o it_o and_o can_v put_v it_o out_o again_o and_o all_o this_o time_n it_o produce_v nothing_o but_o this_o happen_v not_o to_o land_n the_o grow_a product_n whereof_o turn_v to_o account_v to_o the_o owner_n even_o when_o it_o be_v in_o his_o hand_n or_o be_v allow_v for_o by_o the_o tenant_n antecedent_o to_o his_o enter_v upon_o the_o farm_n for_o though_o a_o man_n who_o borrow_v money_n at_o midsummer_n never_o begin_v to_o pay_v his_o interest_n from_o our_o lady-day_n or_o one_o moment_n backward_o yet_o he_o who_o rent_n a_o farm_n at_o midsummer_n may_v have_v as_o much_o reason_n to_o begin_v his_o rent_n from_o our_o lady-day_n as_o if_o he_o have_v then_o enter_v upon_o it_o beside_o the_o dead_a interval_n of_o cease_v profit_n which_o happen_v to_o money_n more_o than_o land_n there_o be_v another_o reason_n why_o the_o profit_n and_o income_n of_o money_n let_v out_o shall_v be_v a_o little_a high_o than_o that_o of_o land_n and_o that_o be_v because_o money_n out_o at_o interestâ—â—â—s_n â—â—â—s_z a_o great_a risque_n than_o land_n do_v the_o â—oâ—â—ower_n may_v break_v and_o run_v away_o with_o the_o money_n and_o then_o not_o only_o the_o 〈◊〉_d due_a but_o all_o the_o future_a profit_n with_o the_o principal_a be_v lose_v forever_o but_o in_o land_n a_o man_n can_v lose_v but_o the_o rent_n due_a for_o which_o usual_o too_o the_o stock_n upon_o the_o land_n be_v sufficient_a security_n and_o if_o a_o tenant_n run_v away_o in_o arrear_n of_o some_o rent_n the_o land_n remain_v that_o can_v be_v carry_v away_o or_o lose_v shall_v a_o man_n purchase_v good_a land_n in_o middlesex_n of_o 5_o l._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la at_o twenty_o year_n purchase_n and_o other_o land_n in_o rumney-marsh_n or_o elsewhere_o of_o the_o same_o yearly_a value_n but_o so_o situate_v that_o it_o be_v in_o danger_n to_o be_v swallow_v of_o the_o sea_n and_o be_v utter_o lose_v it_o will_v not_o be_v unreasonable_a he_o shall_v expect_v to_o have_v it_o under_o twenty_o year_n purchase_n suppose_v 16_o ½_o this_o be_v to_o bring_v it_o to_o just_a the_o case_n of_o land_n at_o twenty_o year_n purchase_n and_o money_n at_o six_o per_fw-la cent._n where_o the_o uncertainty_n of_o secure_v one_o money_n may_v well_o be_v allow_v that_o advantage_n of_o great_a profit_n and_o therefore_o perhaps_o the_o legal_a interest_n now_o in_o england_n at_o six_o per_fw-la cent_z be_v as_o reasonable_a and_o convenient_a a_o rate_n as_o can_v well_o be_v set_v by_o a_o stand_a rule_n especial_o if_o we_o consider_v that_o the_o law_n require_v not_o a_o man_n to_o pay_v six_o per_fw-la cent_z but_o tie_v up_o the_o lender_n from_o take_v more_o so_o that_o if_o ever_o it_o fall_v of_o itself_o the_o moneyed_a man_n be_v sure_a to_o find_v it_o and_o his_o interest_n will_v be_v bring_v down_o to_o it_o high_a interest_n be_v think_v by_o some_o a_o prejudice_n to_o trade_n but_o if_o we_o will_v look_v back_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o england_n never_o thrive_v so_o well_o nor_o be_v there_o ever_o bring_v into_o england_n so_o great_a a_o increase_n of_o wealth_n since_o as_o in_o queen_n elizabeth_n and_o king_n james_n i._o and_o king_n charles_n i._o time_n when_o money_n be_v at_o 10_o and_o 8_o per_fw-la cent._n i_o will_v not_o say_v high_a interest_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o it_o for_o i_o rather_o think_v that_o our_o thrive_a trade_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o high_a interest_n every_o one_o crave_v money_n to_o employ_v in_o a_o profitable_a commerce_n but_o this_o i_o think_v i_o may_v reasonable_o infer_v from_o it_o that_o lower_v of_o interest_n be_v not_o a_o sure_a way_n to_o improve_v either_o our_o trade_n or_o wealth_n to_o this_o i_o hear_v some_o say_v that_o the_o dutch_a skilful_a in_o all_o art_n of_o promote_a trade_n to_o out_o do_v we_o in_o this_o as_o well_o as_o all_o other_o advancement_n of_o it_o have_v observe_v this_o rule_n that_o when_o we_o fall_v interest_n in_o england_n from_o 10_o to_o 8._o they_o present_o sink_v interest_n in_o holland_n to_o 4_o per_fw-la cent._n and_o again_o when_o we_o lower_v it_o to_o 6_o they_o fall_v it_o to_o 3_o per_fw-la cent._n thereby_o to_o keep_v the_o advantage_n which_o the_o lowness_n of_o interest_n give_v to_o trade_n from_o whence_o these_o man_n ready_o conclude_v that_o the_o fall_n of_o interest_n will_v aâ—â—ance_v trade_n in_o england_n to_o which_o i_o answer_v 1._o that_o this_o look_n like_o a_o argument_n rather_o make_v for_o the_o present_a occasion_n to_o mislead_v those_o who_o be_v credulous_a enough_o to_o swallow_v it_o than_o arise_v from_o 〈◊〉_d reason_n and_o matter_n of_o fact_n for_o if_o lower_a interest_n be_v so_o advantageous_a to_o trade_n why_o do_v the_o dutch_a so_o constant_o take_v their_o measure_n only_o by_o we_o and_o not_o as_o well_o by_o some_o other_o of_o their_o neighbour_n with_o who_o they_o have_v as_o great_a or_o great_a commerce_n than_o with_o we_o this_o be_v enough_o at_o first_o sight_n to_o make_v one_o suspect_v this_o to_o be_v dust_n only_o raise_v to_o throw_v in_o people_n eye_n and_o a_o suggestion_n make_v to_o serve_v a_o purpose_n for_o 2._o it_o will_v not_o be_v find_v true_a that_o when_o we_o abate_v interest_n here_o in_o england_n to_o 8._o the_o dutch_a sink_v it_o in_o holland_n to_o 4_o per_fw-la cent._n by_o law_n or_o that_o there_o be_v any_o law_n make_v in_o holland_n to_o limit_v the_o rate_n of_o interest_n to_o 3_o per_fw-la cent._n when_o we_o reduce_v it_o in_o england_n to_o 6._o it_o be_v true_a john_n de_fw-fr witt_n when_o he_o manage_v the_o affair_n of_o holland_n set_v himself_o to_o lessen_v the_o public_a debt_n and_o have_v actual_o pay_v some_o and_o get_v money_n in_o a_o readiness_n to_o pay_v other_o send_v notice_n to_o all_o the_o creditor_n that_o those_o who_o will_v not_o take_v 4_o per_fw-la cent._n shall_v come_v and_o receive_v their_o money_n the_o creditor_n find_v he_o in_o earnest_n and_o know_v not_o how_o
pass_v in_o trade_n be_v true_o one_o consist_v in_o proportion_n you_o alter_v this_o as_o you_o do_v all_o other_o proportion_n whether_o you_o increase_v one_o or_o lessen_v the_o other_o in_o all_o other_o commodity_n the_o owner_n when_o they_o design_v they_o for_o traffic_n endeavour_v as_o much_o as_o they_o can_v to_o have_v they_o vent_v and_o go_v i._n e._n remove_v out_o of_o the_o reach_n of_o commerce_n and_o exchange_n by_o consumption_n exportation_n or_o lay_v up_o which_o vent_n be_v sometime_o slow_a and_o sometime_o quick_a but_o money_n never_o lie_v upon_o people_n hand_n or_o want_v vent_n for_o any_o one_o may_v part_v with_o it_o in_o exchange_n when_o he_o please_v the_o endeavour_n of_o the_o public_a and_o almost_o every_o body_n be_v to_o keep_v it_o from_o vent_v or_o consume_v i._n e._n exportation_n or_o hoard_v up_o which_o be_v its_o proper_a consumption_n the_o vent_n of_o money_n therefore_o be_v always_o sufficient_a or_o more_o than_o enough_o its_o quantity_n alone_o be_v enough_o to_o regulate_v and_o determine_v its_o value_n without_o consider_v any_o proportion_n between_o its_o quantity_n and_o vent_n as_o in_o other_o commodity_n 10._o therefore_o lessen_v of_o use_n not_o bring_v one_o penny_n of_o money_n more_o into_o the_o trade_n or_o exchange_n of_o any_o country_n but_o rather_o draw_v it_o away_o from_o trade_n and_o so_o make_v it_o less_o do_v not_o at_o all_o sink_v its_o value_n and_o make_v it_o buy_v less_o of_o any_o commodity_n but_o rather_o more_o 11._o that_o which_o raise_v the_o natural_a interest_n of_o money_n be_v the_o same_o that_o raise_v the_o rent_n of_o land_n i._n e._n its_o aptness_n to_o bring_v in_o yearly_a to_o he_o that_o manage_n it_o a_o great_a overplus_n of_o income_n above_o his_o rent_n as_o a_o reward_n to_o his_o labour_n that_o which_o cause_v this_o in_o land_n be_v the_o great_a quantity_n of_o its_o product_n in_o proportion_n to_o the_o same_o vent_n of_o that_o particular_a fruit_n or_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o product_n in_o proportion_n to_o a_o great_a vent_n of_o that_o single_a commodity_n but_o that_o which_o cause_v increase_v of_o profit_n to_o the_o borrower_n of_o money_n be_v the_o less_o quantity_n of_o money_n in_o proportion_n to_o trade_n or_o to_o the_o vent_n of_o all_o commodity_n take_v together_o &_o vice_fw-la versa_fw-la 12._o the_o natural_a value_n of_o money_n as_o it_o be_v apt_a to_o yield_v such_o a_o yearly_a income_n by_o interest_n depend_v on_o the_o whole_a quantity_n of_o the_o then_o pass_v money_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o proportion_n to_o the_o whole_a trade_n of_o the_o kingdom_n i._n e._n the_o general_a vent_n of_o all_o the_o commodity_n but_o the_o natural_a value_n of_o money_n in_o exchange_v for_o any_o one_o commodity_n be_v the_o quantity_n of_o the_o trade_n money_n of_o the_o kingdom_n design_v for_o that_o commodity_n in_o proportion_n to_o that_o single_a commodity_n and_o its_o vent_n for_o though_o any_o single_a man_n necessity_n and_o want_n either_o of_o money_n or_o any_o species_n of_o commodity_n be_v know_v may_v make_v he_o pay_v dear_a for_o money_n or_o that_o commodity_n yet_o this_o be_v but_o a_o particular_a case_n that_o do_v not_o at_o the_o same_o time_n alter_v this_o constant_a and_o general_a rule_n 13._o that_o suppose_v wheat_n a_o stand_a measure_n that_o be_v that_o there_o be_v constant_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o it_o in_o proportion_n to_o its_o vent_n we_o shall_v find_v money_n to_o run_v the_o same_o variety_n of_o change_n in_o its_o value_n as_o all_o other_o commodity_n do_v now_o that_o wheat_n in_o england_n do_v come_v near_o to_o a_o stand_a measure_n be_v evident_a by_o compare_v wheat_n with_o other_o commodity_n money_n and_o the_o yearly_a income_n of_o land_n in_o hen._n 7._o time_n and_o now_o for_o suppose_v 1_o hen._n 7._o n._n let_v 100_o acre_n of_o land_n to_o a._n for_o 6_o d._n per_fw-la an._n per_fw-la acre_n rack-rentâ—_a and_o to_o b._n another_o 100_o acre_n of_o land_n oâ—_n the_o same_o soil_n and_o yearly_a worth_n with_o the_o former_a for_o a_o bushel_n of_o wheat_n per_fw-la acreâ—_n rack-rent_a a_o bushel_n of_o wheat_n about_o that_o time_n be_v probable_o sell_v for_o about_o 6_o d._n it_o be_v then_o a_o equal_a rent_n if_o therefore_o these_o lease_n be_v for_o year_n yet_o to_o come_v it_o be_v certain_a that_o he_o that_o pay_v 6_o d._n per_fw-la acre_n will_v pay_v now_o 50_o s._n per_fw-la an._n and_o he_o that_o pay_v a_o bushel_n of_o wheat_n per_fw-la acre_n will_v pay_v about_o 25_o l._n per_fw-la an._n which_o will_v be_v neâ—r_n about_o the_o yearly_a value_n of_o the_o landâ—_n be_v it_o to_o be_v let_v now_o the_o reason_n where_o of_o be_v this_o that_o there_o be_v ten_o time_n aâ—_n much_o silver_n now_o in_o the_o world_n the_o discovery_n of_o the_o west-indies_a have_v make_v the_o plenty_n as_o there_o be_v then_o it_o be_v 9_o 1â—_n less_o worth_a now_o than_o it_o be_v at_o that_o time_n that_o be_v it_o will_v exchange_v for_o 9_o 1â—_n less_o of_o any_o commodity_n now_o which_o bear_v the_o same_o proportion_n to_o its_o vent_n as_o it_o do_v 200_o year_n since_o which_o of_o all_o other_o commoditiesâ—_n wheat_n be_v likely_a to_o do_v for_o in_o england_n and_o this_o part_n of_o the_o world_n wheat_n be_v thâ—_n constant_a and_o most_o general_a food_n not_o alter_v with_o the_o fashion_n not_o grow_v by_o chance_n but_o as_o the_o farmer_n sow_n more_o or_o less_o of_o it_o which_o they_o endeavour_v to_o proportion_n as_o near_o as_o can_v be_v guess_v to_o the_o consumption_n abstract_v the_o overplus_a of_o the_o precedent_a year_n in_o their_o provision_n for_o the_o next_o and_o vice_n versâ_fw-la it_o must_v needs_o fall_v out_o that_o it_o keep_v the_o near_a proportion_n to_o its_o consumption_n which_o be_v more_o study_v and_o design_v in_o this_o than_o other_o commodity_n of_o any_o thing_n if_o you_o take_v it_o for_o 7_o or_o 20_o year_n together_o though_o perhaps_o the_o plenty_n or_o scarcity_n of_o one_o year_n cause_v by_o the_o accident_n of_o the_o season_n may_v very_o much_o vary_v it_o from_o the_o immediate_o precedent_n or_o the_o follow_v wheat_n therefore_o in_o this_o part_n of_o the_o world_n and_o that_o grain_n which_o be_v the_o constant_a general_a food_n of_o any_o other_o country_n be_v the_o fit_a measure_n to_o judge_v of_o the_o alter_a value_n of_o thing_n in_o any_o long_a tract_n of_o time_n and_o therefore_o wheat_n here_o rice_n in_o turkey_n etc._n etc._n be_v the_o fit_a thing_n to_o reserve_v a_o rent_n in_o which_o be_v design_v to_o be_v constant_o the_o same_o for_o all_o future_a age_n but_o money_n be_v the_o best_a measure_n of_o the_o alter_a value_n of_o thing_n in_o a_o few_o year_n because_o its_o vent_n be_v the_o same_o and_o its_o quantity_n alter_v slow_o but_o wheat_n or_o any_o other_o grain_n can_v serve_v instead_o of_o mony_n because_o of_o its_o bulkiness_n and_o too_o quick_a change_n of_o its_o quantity_n for_o have_v i_o a_o bond_n to_o pay_v i_o 100_o bushel_n of_o wheat_n next_o year_n it_o may_v be_v ¾_n loss_n or_o gain_n to_o i_o too_o great_a a_o inequality_n and_o uncertainty_n to_o be_v venture_v in_o trade_n beside_o the_o different_a goodness_n of_o several_a parcel_n of_o wheat_n in_o the_o same_o year_n 14._o that_o suppose_v any_o island_n separate_v from_o the_o commerce_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o mankind_n if_o gold_n and_o silver_n or_o whatever_o else_o so_o it_o be_v last_v be_v their_o money_n if_o they_o have_v but_o a_o certain_a quantity_n of_o it_o and_o can_v get_v no_o more_o that_o will_v be_v a_o steady_a stand_a measure_n of_o the_o value_n of_o all_o other_o thing_n 15._o that_o if_o in_o any_o country_n they_o use_v for_o money_n any_o last_a material_a whereof_o there_o be_v not_o any_o more_o to_o be_v get_v and_o so_o can_v be_v increase_v or_o be_v of_o no_o other_o use_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o world_n do_v not_o value_v it_o and_o so_o it_o be_v not_o like_a to_o be_v diminish_v this_o also_o will_v be_v a_o steady_a stand_a measure_n of_o the_o value_n of_o other_o commodity_n 16._o that_o in_o a_o country_n where_o they_o have_v such_o a_o stand_a measure_n any_o quantity_n of_o that_o money_n if_o it_o be_v but_o so_o much_o that_o every_o body_n may_v have_v some_o will_v serve_v to_o drive_v any_o proportion_n of_o trade_n whether_o more_a or_o less_o there_o be_v counter_n enough_o to_o reckon_v by_o and_o the_o value_n of_o the_o pledge_n be_v still_o sufficient_a as_o constant_o increase_n with_o the_o plenty_n of_o the_o commodity_n but_o these_o three_o last_o be_v build_v on_o supposition_n that_o be_v
tax_n lay_v upon_o it_o make_v people_n less_o forward_o to_o buy_v must_v either_o have_v his_o rent_n abate_v or_o else_o break_v and_o run_v away_o in_o his_o landlord_n debt_n and_o so_o the_o yearly_a value_n of_o the_o land_n be_v bring_v down_o and_o who_o then_o pay_v the_o tax_n at_o the_o year_n end_n but_o the_o landlord_n when_o the_o tenant_n not_o able_a to_o raise_v his_o rent_n by_o his_o commodity_n either_o run_v away_o in_o his_o landlord_n debt_n or_o can_v be_v continue_v in_o the_o farm_n without_o abatement_n of_o rent_n for_o when_o the_o yearly_a charge_n in_o his_o farm_n be_v great_a by_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o labourer_n wage_n and_o yet_o his_o product_n sell_v â—eaâ—er_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o tax_n lay_v on_o his_o commodity_n how_o will_v the_o farmer_n be_v able_a to_o make_v up_o his_o rent_n at_o quarter_n day_n for_o this_o may_v be_v worth_a our_o notice_n that_o any_o tax_v lay_v on_o foreign_a commodity_n in_o england_n raise_v its_o price_n and_o make_v the_o importer_n get_v more_o for_o his_o commodity_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a a_o tax_n lay_v on_o your_o native_a product_n and_o home_n make_v commodity_n lessen_v their_o price_n and_o make_v they_o yield_v less_o to_o the_o first_o seller_n the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v plain_a for_o the_o merchant_n import_v no_o commodity_n but_o what_o the_o necessity_n or_o fashionable_a wantonness_n of_o your_o people_n give_v he_o vent_v for_o will_v not_o only_o proportion_v his_o gain_n to_o the_o cost_n and_o risque_n he_o have_v be_v at_o before_o land_v but_o will_v expect_v profit_n of_o his_o money_n pay_v here_o for_o any_o tax_n lay_v on_o it_o and_o take_v advantage_n from_o thence_o to_o raise_v his_o price_n above_o what_o his_o tax_n come_v to_o and_o if_o he_o can_v do_v that_o he_o will_v trade_n no_o more_o in_o that_o commodity_n for_o it_o be_v not_o the_o product_n of_o his_o farm_n he_o be_v not_o tie_v to_o bring_v it_o to_o market_n if_o he_o find_v its_o price_n not_o answer_v his_o expectation_n there_o but_o turn_v himself_o to_o other_o ware_n which_o he_o find_v your_o market_n take_v off_o better_o a_o merchant_n will_v never_o continue_v to_o trade_n in_o ware_n which_o the_o change_n of_o fashion_n or_o humour_n among_o your_o people_n have_v make_v less_o vendible_a though_o he_o may_v be_v sometime_o catch_v by_o a_o sudden_a alteration_n but_o that_o seldom_o happen_v in_o the_o course_n of_o trade_n so_o as_o to_o influence_n the_o great_a bulk_n of_o it_o for_o thing_n of_o necessity_n must_v still_o be_v have_v and_o thing_n of_o fashion_n will_v be_v have_v as_o long_o as_o man_n have_v money_n or_o credit_n whatever_o rate_v they_o cost_v and_o the_o rather_o because_o they_o be_v dear_a for_o it_o be_v vanity_n not_o use_v that_o make_v the_o expensive_a fashion_n of_o your_o people_n the_o emulation_n be_v who_o shall_v have_v the_o fine_a that_o be_v the_o dear_a thing_n not_o the_o most_o convenient_a or_o useful_a how_o many_o thing_n do_v we_o value_v and_o buy_v because_o they_o come_v at_o dear_a rate_n from_o japan_n and_o china_n which_o if_o they_o be_v our_o own_o manufacture_n or_o product_n to_o be_v have_v common_a and_o for_o a_o little_a money_n will_v be_v contemn_v and_o neglect_v have_v not_o several_a of_o our_o own_o commodity_n offer_v to_o sale_n at_o reasonable_a rate_n be_v despise_v and_o the_o very_a same_o eager_o buy_v and_o brag_v of_o when_o sell_v for_o french_a at_o a_o double_a price_n you_o must_v not_o think_v therefore_o that_o the_o raise_v their_o price_n will_v lessen_v the_o vent_n of_o fashionable_a foreign_a commodity_n among_o you_o as_o long_o as_o man_n have_v any_o way_n to_o purchase_v they_o but_o rather_o increase_v it_o french_a wine_n be_v become_v a_o modish_n drink_v among_o we_o and_o a_o man_n be_v ashamed_a to_o entertain_v his_o friend_n or_o almost_o to_o dine_v himself_o without_o it_o the_o price_n be_v in_o the_o memory_n of_o man_n raise_v from_o 6_o d._n to_o 2_o s._n and_o do_v this_o hinder_v the_o drink_n of_o it_o no_o the_o quite_o contrary_a a_o man_n way_n of_o live_v be_v commend_v because_o he_o will_v give_v any_o rate_n for_o it_o and_o a_o man_n will_v give_v any_o rate_n rather_o than_o pass_v for_o a_o poor_a wretch_n or_o penurious_a curmudgeon_n that_o be_v not_o able_a or_o know_v not_o how_o to_o live_v well_o nor_o use_v his_o friend_n civil_o fashion_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n nothing_o but_o the_o ostentation_n of_o riches_n and_o therefore_o the_o high_a price_n of_o what_o serve_v to_o that_o rather_o increase_v than_o lessen_v its_o vent_n the_o contest_v and_o glory_n be_v in_o the_o expense_n not_o the_o usefulness_n of_o it_o and_o people_n be_v then_o think_v and_o say_v to_o live_v well_o when_o they_o can_v make_v a_o show_n of_o rare_a and_o foreign_a thing_n and_o such_o as_o their_o neighbour_n can_v go_v to_o the_o price_n of_o thus_o we_o see_v how_o foreign_a commodity_n fall_v not_o in_o their_o price_n by_o tax_n lay_v on_o they_o because_o the_o merchant_n be_v not_o necessitate_v to_o bring_v to_o your_o market_n any_o but_o fashionable_a commodity_n and_o those_o go_v off_o the_o better_a for_o their_o high_a rate_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a your_o land_n 〈◊〉_d be_v force_v to_o bring_v his_o commodity_n to_o market_n such_o as_o his_o land_n and_o industry_n afford_v they_o common_a and_o know_v thing_n must_v sell_v they_o there_o at_o such_o price_n as_o he_o can_v get_v this_o the_o buyer_n know_v and_o these_o homebred_a commodity_n be_v seldom_o the_o favourite_n of_o your_o people_n or_o any_o far_a acceptable_a than_o as_o great_a conveniency_n recommend_v they_o to_o the_o vulgar_a or_o downright_a necessity_n to_o all_o as_o soon_o as_o a_o tax_n be_v lay_v on_o they_o every_o one_o make_v as_o spare_v a_o use_n of_o they_o as_o he_o can_v that_o he_o may_v save_v his_o money_n for_o other_o necessary_a or_o creditable_a expense_n whereby_o the_o price_n they_o yield_v the_o first_o seller_n be_v mighty_o abate_v and_o so_o the_o yearly_a value_n of_o the_o land_n which_o produce_v they_o lessen_v too_o if_o therefore_o the_o lay_n of_o tax_n upon_o commodity_n do_v as_o it_o be_v evident_a affect_v the_o land_n that_o be_v out_o at_o rack-rent_a it_o be_v plain_a it_o do_v equal_o affect_v all_o the_o other_o land_n in_o england_n too_o and_o the_o gentâ—_n will_v but_o the_o worst_a way_n increase_v their_o own_o charge_n that_o be_v by_o lessen_v theiâ—_n yearly_o value_v of_o their_o estate_n if_o they_o hope_v to_o ease_v their_o land_n by_o charge_v commodity_n it_o be_v in_o vain_a in_o a_o country_n who_o great_a fund_z be_v landâ—_n to_o hope_v to_o lay_v the_o public_a charge_n of_o the_o government_n on_o any_o thing_n else_o there_o at_o last_o it_o will_v terminate_v the_o merchant_n do_v what_o you_o can_v will_v not_o bear_v it_o the_o labourer_n can_v and_o therefore_o the_o landholder_n must_v and_o whether_o he_o be_v best_o do_v it_o by_o lay_v it_o direct_o where_o it_o will_v at_o last_o settle_v or_o by_o let_v it_o come_v to_o he_o by_o the_o sink_n of_o his_o rent_n which_o when_o they_o be_v once_o fall_v every_o one_o know_v be_v not_o easy_o raise_v again_o let_v he_o consider_v holland_n be_v bring_v as_o a_o instance_n of_o lay_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o public_a upon_o trade_n and_o it_o be_v possible_a except_v some_o few_o small_a free_a town_n the_o only_a place_n in_o the_o world_n that_o can_v be_v bring_v to_o favour_v this_o way_n but_o yet_o when_o examine_v will_v be_v find_v to_o show_v the_o quite_o contrary_a and_o be_v a_o clear_a proof_n that_o lie_v the_o tax_n how_o you_o will_v land_n every_o where_o in_o proportion_n bear_v the_o great_a share_n of_o the_o burden_n the_o public_a charge_n of_o the_o government_n be_v it_o be_v say_v in_o the_o unite_a province_n lay_v on_o trade_n i_o grant_v it_o be_v the_o great_a part_n of_o it_o but_o be_v the_o land_n excuse_v or_o ease_v by_o it_o by_o no_o mean_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a so_o load_v that_o in_o many_o place_n ½_o in_o other_o ¼_n in_o other_o 1_o â—_o of_o the_o yearly_o value_n do_v not_o come_v in_o to_o the_o owner_n pocket_n and_o if_o i_o have_v not_o be_v misinform_v the_o land_n in_o some_o place_n will_v not_o pay_v the_o tax_n so_o that_o we_o may_v say_v that_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o government_n come_v not_o upon_o commodity_n till_o the_o land_n can_v not_o bear_v it_o the_o burden_n unavoidable_o settle_v upon_o the_o land_n first_o and_o when_o it_o have_v press_v it_o so_o that_o it_o can_v yield_v no_o more_o trade_n must_v be_v bring_v
it_o to_o the_o value_n of_o 20._o for_o if_o 19_o ounce_n of_o silver_n can_v be_v worth_a 20_o ounce_n of_o silver_n or_o pay_v for_o as_o much_o of_o any_o other_o commodity_n than_o 18_o 1â—_n or_o â—_o ounce_n may_v do_v the_o same_o for_o if_o the_o abate_v 1_o 20_o of_o the_o quantity_n of_o silver_n of_o any_o coin_n do_v not_o lessen_v its_o value_n the_o abate_v 1â—_n 20_o of_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o silver_n of_o any_o coin_n will_v not_o abate_v its_o value_n and_o so_o a_o single_a threepence_n or_o a_o single_a penny_n be_v call_v a_o crown_n will_v buy_v as_o much_o spice_n or_o silk_n or_o any_o other_o commodity_n as_o a_o crown-piece_n which_o contain_v 20_o or_o 60_o time_n as_o much_o silver_n which_o be_v a_o absurdity_n so_o great_a that_o i_o think_v no_o body_n will_v want_v eye_n to_o see_v and_o sense_n to_o disow_v now_o this_o raise_v your_o money_n or_o give_v a_o less_o quantity_n of_o silver_n the_o stamp_n and_o denomination_n of_o a_o great_a may_v be_v do_v two_o way_n 1._o by_o raise_v one_o species_n of_o your_o money_n 2._o by_o raise_v all_o your_o silver_n coin_n at_o once_o proportionable_o which_o be_v the_o thing_n i_o suppose_v now_o propose_v 1._o the_o raise_n of_o one_o species_n of_o your_o coin_n beyond_o its_o intrinsic_a value_n be_v do_v by_o coin_v any_o one_o species_n which_o in_o account_n bear_v such_o a_o proportion_n to_o the_o other_o species_n of_o your_o coin_n with_o less_o silver_n in_o it_o than_o be_v require_v by_o that_o value_n it_o bear_v in_o your_o money_n for_o example_n a_o crown_n with_o we_o go_v for_o 60_o penny_n a_o shilling_n for_o 12_o penny_n a_o tâ—ster_n for_o 6_o penny_n and_o a_o groat_n for_o 4_o penny_n and_o according_o the_o proportion_n of_o silver_n in_o each_o of_o they_o aught_o to_o be_v as_o 60._o 12._o 6._o and_o 4._o now_o if_o in_o the_o mint_n there_o shall_v be_v coin_v groat_n or_o tester_n that_o be_v of_o the_o same_o alloy_n with_o our_o other_o money_n have_v but_o 2_o â—_o of_o the_o weight_n that_o those_o species_n be_v coin_v at_o now_o or_o else_o be_v of_o the_o same_o weight_n be_v alloy_v with_o â…“_n of_o copper_n 〈…〉_z 〈…〉_z and_o shall_v thus_o by_o law_n be_v make_v current_n the_o rest_n of_o your_o silver_n money_n be_v keep_v to_o the_o present_a standard_n in_o weight_n and_o fineness_n it_o be_v plain_a those_o species_n will_v be_v raise_v â…“_n part_n that_o pass_v for_o 6_o d_o which_o have_v but_o the_o silver_n of_o 4_o d_o in_o it_o and_o will_v be_v all_o one_o as_o if_o a_o groat_n shall_v by_o law_n be_v make_v current_n for_o 6_o d_o and_o every_o 6_o d_o in_o payment_n pass_v for_o 9_o d._n this_o be_v true_o raise_v the_o species_n but_o be_v no_o more_o in_o effect_n than_o if_o the_o mine_n shall_v coin_v clip_v money_n and_o have_v beside_o the_o cheat_n that_o be_v put_v by_o such_o base_a or_o light_a money_n on_o every_o particular_a man_n that_o receive_v it_o that_o he_o want_v â…“_n of_o that_o real_a value_n which_o the_o public_a aught_o to_o secure_v he_o in_o the_o money_n it_o oblige_v he_o to_o receive_v as_o lawful_a and_o current_a it_o hasâ—_n i_o say_v this_o great_a and_o unavoidable_a inconvenience_n to_o the_o public_a that_o beside_o the_o opportunity_n it_o give_v to_o domestic_a coinâ—â—â—_n to_o cheat_v you_o with_o lawful_a money_n it_o pâ—â—â—_n it_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o foreigner_n to_o 〈◊〉_d away_o your_o money_n without_o any_o commodity_n for_o itâ—_n for_o if_o they_o find_v that_o twopenny_n weight_n of_o silver_n mark_v with_o a_o certain_a impression_n shall_v â—â—re_v in_o eâ—gland_n be_v equivalent_a to_o 3_o d_o weight_n mark_v with_o another_o impression_n they_o will_v not_o fail_v to_o 〈◊〉_d piece_n of_o that_o fashion_n and_o so_o import_v that_o base_a and_o low_a coin_n will_n here_o in_o england_n receive_v 3_o d_o for_o 2_o d_o and_o quick_o carry_v away_o your_o silver_n in_o exchange_n for_o copper_n or_o bare_o the_o charge_n of_o coinage_n this_o be_v unavoidable_a in_o all_o country_n where_o any_o one_o species_n of_o their_o money_n be_v disproportionate_a in_o its_o intrinsic_a value_n i._n e._n in_o its_o due_a proportion_n of_o silver_n to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o money_n of_o that_o country_n which_o the_o king_n of_o france_n can_v not_o avoid_v with_o all_o his_o watchfulness_n for_o though_o by_o edict_n he_o make_v his_o 4_o sâ—ls_n piece_n whereof_o 15_o be_v to_o pass_v for_o â—_o french_a crown_n though_o 20_o of_o they_o have_v not_o so_o much_o silver_n in_o they_o as_o be_v in_o a_o french_a crown_n piece_n pass_v in_o the_o inland_a part_n of_o his_o kingdom_n 15_o for_o a_o crown_n in_o all_o payment_n yet_o he_o dare_v not_o make_v they_o current_n in_o his_o seaport_n town_n for_o fear_v that_o shall_v give_v a_o opportunity_n to_o their_o importation_n but_o yet_o this_o caution_n serve_v not_o the_o turn_n they_o be_v still_o import_v and_o by_o this_o mean_n a_o great_a loss_n and_o damage_n bring_v upon_o his_o country_n so_o that_o he_o be_v force_v to_o cry_v they_o down_o and_o sink_v they_o to_o near_a their_o intrinsic_a value_n whereby_o a_o great_a many_o particular_a man_n who_o have_v quantity_n of_o that_o species_n in_o their_o hand_n lose_v a_o great_a part_n of_o their_o estate_n and_o every_o one_o that_o have_v any_o lose_v proportionable_o by_o it_o if_o we_o have_v groat_n or_o six-pence_n current_a by_o law_n among_o we_o that_o want_v â…“_n of_o the_o silver_n they_o now_o have_v by_o the_o standard_n to_o make_v they_o of_o equal_a value_n to_o our_o other_o species_n of_o money_n who_o can_v imagine_v that_o our_o neighbour_n will_v not_o present_o pour_v in_o quantity_n of_o such_o money_n upon_o we_o to_o the_o great_a loss_n and_o prejudice_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o quantity_n of_o silver_n that_o be_v in_o each_o piece_n or_o species_n of_o coin_n be_v that_o which_o make_v its_o real_a and_o intrinsic_a value_n the_o due_a proportion_n of_o silver_n ought_v to_o be_v keep_v in_o each_o species_n according_a to_o the_o respective_a rate_n set_v on_o each_o of_o they_o by_o law_n and_o when_o this_o be_v ever_o vary_v from_o it_o be_v but_o a_o trick_n to_o serve_v some_o present_a occasion_n but_o be_v always_o with_o loss_n to_o the_o country_n where_o the_o trick_n be_v play_v 2._o the_o other_o way_n of_o raise_v mâ—ny_n be_v by_o raise_v all_o your_o silver_n coin_n at_o once_o the_o proportion_n of_o a_o crown_n a_o shilling_n and_o a_o penny_n in_o reference_n to_o one_o another_o be_v still_o keep_v viz._n that_o a_o shilling_n shall_v weigh_v 1_o â—_o of_o a_o crown_n piece_n and_o a_o penny_n weigh_v 1_o 12_o of_o a_o shilling_n in_o standard_n silver_n but_o out_o of_o every_o one_o of_o these_o you_o abate_v 1_o 20_o of_o the_o silver_n they_o be_v wont_a to_o have_v in_o they_o if_o all_o the_o species_n of_o money_n be_v as_o it_o be_v call_v raise_v by_o make_v each_o of_o they_o to_o have_v 1_o 2d_o less_o of_o silver_n in_o they_o than_o former_o and_o so_o your_o whole_a money_n be_v light_a than_o it_o be_v these_o follow_v will_v be_v some_o of_o the_o consequence_n of_o it_o 1._o it_o will_v rob_v all_o creditor_n and_o landlord_n of_o 1_o 20_o or_o 5_o per_fw-mi cent_z of_o their_o debt_n in_o their_o 〈◊〉_d rent_n for_o ever_o and_o all_o other_o rent_n as_o far_o as_o their_o former_a contract_n reach_v of_o 5_o per_fw-mi cent_z of_o their_o yearly_a income_n and_o this_o without_o any_o advantage_n to_o the_o debtor_n or_o farmer_n for_o he_o receive_v no_o more_o pound_n sterling_a for_o his_o land_n or_o commodity_n in_o this_o new_o light_a coin_n than_o he_o shall_v have_v do_v of_o your_o old_a and_o weighty_a money_n get_v nothing_o by_o it_o if_o you_o say_v yes_o he_o will_v receive_v more_o crown_n half-crown_n and_o shilling_n piece_n for_o what_o he_o now_o sell_v for_o new_a money_n than_o he_o shall_v have_v do_v if_o the_o money_n of_o the_o old_a standard_n have_v continue_v you_o confess_v your_o money_n be_v not_o raise_v in_o value_n but_o in_o denomination_n since_o what_o your_o new_a piece_n want_v in_o weight_n must_v now_o be_v make_v up_o in_o their_o number_n but_o which_o way_n ever_o this_o fall_n it_o be_v certain_a the_o public_a which_o most_o man_n think_v aught_o to_o be_v the_o only_a reason_n of_o change_v a_o settle_a law_n and_o disturb_v the_o common_a current_a course_n of_o thing_n receive_v not_o the_o least_o profit_n by_o it_o nay_o as_o we_o shall_v see_v by_o and_o by_o it_o will_v be_v a_o great_a charge_n and_o loss_n to_o the_o kingdom_n but_o this_o at_o first_o