Selected quad for the lemma: land_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
land_n	penny_n	seed_n	shilling_n	1,381	5	11.9800	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
B00849	The booke of thrift, containing a perfite order, and right methode to profite lands, and other things belonging to husbandry. ; Newly Englished, and set out by I.B. gentleman of Caen in France.	Henley, Walter de, fl. 1250.; Bellot, Jacques.	1589 (1589)	STC 25007.3; ESTC S124440	21,584	69

of your seede you get nothing except the corne be verie well solde you knowe well that an acre of lād which is sowen with wheat will haue three tillings except those lands the which are sowen euery yéere some more some other lesse Each tilling is woorth sixe pence and the harrowing is worth one penie and it behooueth to sowe vpon euery acre two bushels at the least and these two bushels are at the least woorth at Michaelmasse twelue pence and the wéeding a halfpenie and the cutting downe fiue pence and the carying in haruest one penie and the fodder shall quite the thresshing And the thirde part of the seede ought to yeelde sixe bushels of Wheate And if at Michaelmasse Wheate bee woorth foure shillinges then are sixe bushels woorth three shillinges and your haruest charges doe amount to thrée shillings one penie and halfepenie Chaunge euery yeare the seede at Michaelmasse for the séede which is growen vppon other lande will proue better then the séede which is growen vpon the same land And if you will sée it cause to till two forelandes of one and the same lande and in one day and sowe the one with the féede that you haue bought and the other with the séede which is growen vppon the same land and when you come in haruest time you shall proue that I tell you true Sell not neither stirre not your stubble because that for the lesse you should léese the most When you cause dungue to be kept with good earth cause your dunguehil to be dressed mingled with the dungue and cause euery fortenight to draw out of your shéepecote wherwith to dungue your clayish ground if you haue it or with some good earth drawen out of the ditches and then scatter it vpon and if there remayne any fodder besides the sustainement of your cattell you shall cause it to bee scattered within in the yarde and within the myre and in your shéepecote also cause it to be scattered and in like maner in your modde before the drought of March cause all your dungue to be heaped together which is in the stables in the yarde and without And when you minde to dungue your ground and the same to carie you must haue a man whom you trust well that is faithfull vnto you to follow your cartes the first day and if he séeth that they doe their worke without feyning sée at the iourneyes ende howe much they haue done and let them answere so much euery day except they may shewe some certaine let Your dungue which is mingled with earth you shall put vpon sandie ground if you haue any the cause wherefore I will tell you The Sommer time is hote and the dungue hote and when the third heate is assembled to them by the great heate they doe wither away after midsommer day The barley doth growe in a sandie ground as you may well sée where you goe in many places On the Euening the land which is mingled with dungue causeth the sand to waxe colde and rayseth vp deawe and therefore that your landes that are sowen may bring foorth the more dungue them and till them not too déepe because that the dungue is marred in turning in too déepe How I will tell you what aduantage you shall haue by the strawe which is mingled with the earth If the dungue be but it selfe it may last thrée yeares or there aboutes according as the land is either cold or hote The dungue which is mingled with earth doth last the double but it shall not be so quicke you know well that the marle lasteth more then straw why so Because that the dungue wasteth in turning it déepe into the earth and the marle in turning of it out of the earth And why doeth the dungue mingled with earth last longer then the pure dungue I will tell it to you The dungue and the earth which are tilled together susteyneth the strawe that it wasteth not in the turning in though it should waste naturally Therefore I pray you to cause dungue to be kept according to the abilitie And your dungue which is scattered and somwhat moistned is in season good to be turned for the ground and the dungue shall then take the better together And if you put your dungue vpon fallowes it shall bée all at the stirring turned vnder the ground in sowing time shall come vp againe with the mingled ground and if it be put vpō stirring in sowing time it shal be turned the more vpō the earth and the lesse mingled with the ground and that is not approoued and the nearer the dungue is to the séed it is better at the feast of our Ladie first cause to fatten your dungue according as you haue of shéepe either more or lesse for they do in that season cast much fatning Make once in the yeare your prouision draw btwéene Easter and Whitsunday to wit your oxen and kine and other cattel which are not to be kept let them be put to fatten to grasse and you shall gaine and knowe the certaintie that then the woorst is better woorth then the best How I will tell it you If they be cattell for burden they must be kept better then the other and more made of else the other are the more grieued by their default and if you must buie any store buie it betwéene Easter and Whirsuntide for then are cattell leane and good cheape And before your horses be too olde or tyred or leane or of small valour you may sell them away in due season and then may you relieue your selfe with good and young How store should be kept it is good you should know it to make your seruānts wise for when they shal sée that you know it they shall indeuor to be the better The cattell for the plough must haue pasture sufficient to doe their worke and that they be not laboured too much vnder when they shall come to the manger for you should bestowe too much cost to restore them and so your gaines should be diminished put them in no houses in rainie weather for surfetting may come betwixt the haire and the skin which turneth to the great damage of your cattell and if your cattell haue their ordinarie prouender let it be giuē to thē by day light at the sight of the hayward or of the prouost mingle it with a little strawe of wheate or of oates and not of barley straw because barley strawe hath too many beards which will offend the mouthes of the horses And why doe you say so by proofe of the straw I will tell it you because it happeneth often that théeues doe steale their prouender and the horses doe eate strawe better then the prouender and doe fatten and doe become better And let not much fodder be giuen to the oxen at once but litle at once and often and then they eate it well and waste little of it and when there is greater quantitie before them they doe

the issues and put them in the profite of the Lord and let him imploy that that he shall know or be able to prooue And if there be anie thing lost in the yard or without or stollen away the which be it quicke or dead either little or great whereby the Lord may haue any maner of losse eyther by burning or by any other maner the Lorde must charge the pro ust therewith and the prouost must charge those of the yarde which are guiltie thereof And it is to be knowen that all the seruants of the yarde men and women must be attendant on the prouost because that the prouost must answere for all their actions and the prouost ought to bring into the Court those for whom he wil answer for their déedes And the steward must sée that the prouost enter good pledges for all those of the yarde which are placed by the prouost and if the Lord receyue any domages by the prouost and the prouost hath not wherewithall he may restore the domages all them of the town which haue chosen him shall answere the surplussage for him of that that he shall not bee able to pay And if the Lord doth place there a ponder a field-kéeper or a granger or any other what soeuer he be and the Lord doe receiue any damage by the fault of them the which hee shall haue there placed the Lord ought to take his mends of them because hee placed them and not of his prouost It is to be vnderstood that manours that are gouerned by baylies where there is no prouost but the bayly who answereth for the manour that the sayd bayly shall render account as the prouost shall and all the other seruants ought to answere to him for all thinges without any alteration or change of wordes as vnto the prouost And those which doe holde in villenage of any maner ought to choose the prouost such as they will bee answerable for for if the Lord doth receyue any domage by default of the prouost and he hath not wherewithal to satisfie it they shall pay for him the surplussage which he can not pay An answere of the seedes that must be sowen AL the land must be measured each one by it selfe and euery holding of the field named by their names and euery medowe by it selfe and euery pasture euery wood and euery heath turberie moore and marish also by themselues and all by the pearch of sixtéene foote and a halfe because it is easie for one to measure the lande there by the pole of sixtéene foote and a halfe They doe sowe in many places foure acres with one quarter and in many other places it is required to haue one quarter and a halfe to sowe fiue acres of wheate and of rie and of beanes and of peason and two acres with one quarter of barley and of otes But because that some will bee sowen thicker then the other the partie ought to measure in each manor euery acre by the corne and sée howe much a man may sowe of each kind of corne vpon one measure then may you alwayes bee certaine of your sowing And because that a man soweth barley vpon a wheate field and beanes and peason and lentiles amōngst the otes the partie ought to name each land which is sowen in barley amongst the wheate and each land of other corne which is sowen amongst the otes And there where the fieldes are diuided in two the winterage or wintercorne and the tramis otherwayes common barley are sowen in one and the same field Therefore he must answere that of each land what land is sowen of one kinde of corne and which of another And if there be any inclosure he must sée what land he taketh in the inclosure and with what corne hee soweth each land and the same séede hee must score by it selfe out of the other graine How a man ought to alow or hire the haruest men in haruest time and in time of making of hay YOu may well haue your lands wéeded for a penie an acre and the acre of medow mowed for foure pence and the acre of lande in the valley for thrée pence halfepenie and take vppe and stubbe the acre for thrée halfpence and to take vp and stubbe the acre of medow in the valley for one penie farthing and you ought well to knowe that fiue men may well reape and tie two acres by the day of each kinde of corne some more some lesse And where euery one taketh two pence by the day yet you ought to giue fiue pence for euery acre and vnto many more And when the foure do take thrée halfpence a péece by day and the fift because he is a tier two pence a day you ought then to giue for each acre foure pence And because that in many countreys they cannot reape by the acre yet may a man know by the reapers and by the dayes that which they doe so that you kéepe the reapers by the lands to wit fiue men or women the which you please fiue men doe make one land and fiue twentie men do make fiue lands and fiue and twentie men may reape and tie ten acres by the day in seasonable weather and in ten dayes an hundred acres and in twentie dayes two hundred acres by fiue score to the hundred Then you shall sée how many acres hee hath to reape in all and you shall sée whether they agrée with the dayes and then shall you allow them And if they doe recken more dayes then it behoueth according vnto the order you ought not to allowe it them for it is their fault that haue not followed them and caused them to worke so well as they should Howe landes ought to be measured ANd because the acres are not all alike for in some countreys they doe measure by the pole of eightéene foote and in some countreyes by the pole of twentie foote and in some countreys by the pole of foure and twentie foote and you must knowe that the acre that is measured by the pole of eightéene foote maketh an acre and a roode and the sixtenth part of a roode of the pole of sixtéene foote and foure acres make fiue acres and the fourth part of a roode and eight acres do make twelue acres and a halfe roode and sixtéene acres make twentie acres and one roode And the acre which is measured by the pole of twentie foote maketh an acre and a halfe and the fourth part of a roode of the pole of sixtéene foote and foure acres doe make sixe acres and one roode and eight acres make twelue acres and a halfe and sixtéene acres both make fiue and twentie acres and the acre which is measured by the pole of two twentie foote maketh an acre and a half and a roode and a halfe and the sixtenth part of a roode of the pole of sixtéene foote and the foure acres doe make seuen acres and a halfe and the fourth part of a roode

issues as well of the crops as of the dairie to wit of the sowes and of their pigges of the peacocks and of their chickens of the géese and of their goslings of the capons and of the cocks of the hennes and of their chickens and of their egges and she must be answerable of the halfe of the selling of them as well as of the dayrie Answere of the white meate of kine EAch cow ought to answere from Michaelmasse day till the first Kalends May by eight and twentie wéekes the one and the older the account of ten pence throughout all that time the one more and the other lesse And it behooueth to vnderstande that euerie cowe doth answere by equalitie for the one giueth sooner milke then the other and the one is sooner drie then the other neither doe the Heyforts answere so much milke at their first bearing as they doe at the other bearings after but of those of eight yeare olde they ought to answere so much and the next day after the first Kalends of May till S. Michaels day by foure and twentie wéekes the one day so much as the other and they doe make right skore and eight dayes and the profite of the milke of euery Cowe must be woorth during that time thrée shillings and sixe pence all the other season the issue of the cow commeth to ten pence by this account euery cow ought to answer iiij shillings .iiij. pence of the profite of the milke and it is to be vnderstood that euery cow must answer betwene the kalends of May and Michaelmasse six stones of chéese and alwaies of six stones of chéese one stone of butter and you ought alwaies from the next day after Michaelmasse till Saint Martins day at the least and in the other season after Christmasse till Sommer time it profiteth more to the Lord to sel the milke then to sell chéese for it is more profite then to sell a gallon of milke then to sel thrée gallons in Sommer or at any other season and if you doe make chéese then a gallon of milke will be no more worth then it is worth at any other season The answere of the whitmeate of sheepe EAch milked shéepe ought to answere profit of her milke all the Sommer long so long as shee giues milke sixe pence for the shéepe that giues milke giues no milke after August and no man doth kéepe them for to giue milke after August because that they are lesse woorth and are the more perillous to passe the Winter and if they be sicke or féeble their profite is the lesse And the dairie wife ought to answer so much profite of a gallon of shéepes milke in chéese and butter as of a gallon and a halfe of cowes milke and a gallon doth weigh seuen pounds and two gallons do weigh fouretéene pounds and foure-pounds makes the stone And it is to be knowen that the Mare goeth fortie nine wéekes after shee hath bene couered before she bring forth any colt And the Cowe from the time that she hath beene couered goeth fortie wéekes before shee bring foorth any calfe And the shéepe goeth xxj wéekes from the time she hath béene couered before she bring a lambe And the sowe goeth xv wéekes from the time that she hath bin couered before she farow any pigs And the sowe farroweth her pigges fiue times in two yeares and no more And the goose bréedeth one time by the yere And the hen hatcheth if she be well kept and be good two times in a yeare but that happeneth not euery yeare neither can euery one of them giue profite but onely according as they shall be well kept answere they profite either more or lesse This husbandrie made a Knight sir Walter of Henley who after rendered himself into the order of the Friers-preachers did reach vnto the people how they ought to liue wisely and hohestly of their goods and not to waste too much before hand lest they should want after THe father sate in his olde age and sayde to his sonne Faire sonne liue wisely according to God and after the world Towards God thinke often of the passion and of the death that Iesus Christ suffered for vs and loue him aboue all things and feare him kéepe his commandements As touching the world thinke yee on the whéele of fortune how men haue no riches and whē they are on the top of the whéele howe by mischance they doe fall into pouertie and more into afflictions therefore I pray you to order your life according as your lands are worth and do extend by the yeare and no higher If you can improue your lands to gaines either by storing or by other purueyance more then the ordinarie reuenue kéepe the ouerplus in store for if corne faile store dyeth or burning happeneth to come or any other mischance then the same that you haue in store will be profitable to you If you do spend by the yeare the worth of your lands any losse in the yeare or mischance happen to come you haue no recourse to your store and let the storer make no waste nor destroy his goods as some men do as those marchāts which do by for twentie shillings and do sell for ten that man is neither called nor approoued wise that can deliuer himselfe out of losse and dooth it not You may sée some men which haue landes and reuenues and can not tell howe to liue wherefore I will tell it you because they liue without order or any forecast or prouision afore hande and they spend wast more then their lands are worth by the yeare and when they haue wasted their goods then haue nothing but sorrow in their mouthes doe liue in anguish neither can they make any shift for their profit Such a man may one reproue in English thus Whoso striketh further then his whittle wil last in the stroke his foot he must stretch Faire sonne be you wise in your déed and against this world which is so mischieuous and ticklish that you may want nothing that you néed not to depend vpon any man for your reliefe If there be any men carting in your yards let thē be aduised by their elders if in your iudgement you think that they be too high minded be you aduised here to measure the same so that you may not be reprehended thereby neither here nor before God Be you acquainted with honest persons wise you shal haue the loue of your neighbors for it is said in Frēch whosoeuer hath a good neighbor the same hath a good morning Vse your tongue wisely that you be not iustly reprehended you shall discretly spend those goods which God hath lent you You ought to know foure things in layings out and in expenses the first is What yee must giue how to whom and how much you must giue for the first that you must giue before néed requires it for two shillings giuen then are better