Selected quad for the lemma: land_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
land_n	penny_n	pound_n	shilling_n	5,001	5	11.2551	5	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A54625	A treatise of taxes and contributions shewing the nature and measures of [brace] crown-lands, assessments, customs, poll-moneys, lotteries, benevolence, penalties, monopolies, offices, tythes, raising of coins, harth-money, excize, &c. : with several intersperst discourses and digressions concerning [brace] warres, the church, universities, rents and purchases, usury and exchange, banks and lombards, registries for conveyances, beggars, ensurance, exportation of money/wool, free-ports, coins, housing, liberty of conscience, &c. : the same being frequently applied to the present state and affairs of Ireland.	Petty, William, Sir, 1623-1687.	1662 (1662)	Wing P1938; ESTC R33399	59,466	94

highway_n build_v bridge_n and_o causeys_n and_o the_o make_n of_o river_n navigable_a in_o england_n will_v make_v english_a horse_n a_o exportable_a commodity_n and_o help_v to_o vend_n the_o commodity_n of_o ireland_n ibid._n the_o cause_n of_o unquiet_a bear_n of_o tax_n viz._n 14_o first_o that_o the_o sovereign_n exact_v too_o much_o 15_o second_o that_o assessment_n be_v unequal_o lay_v ibid._n three_o that_o the_o money_n levy_v be_v vain_o expend_v ibid._n four_o or_o give_v to_o favourite_n ibid._n five_o ignorance_n of_o the_o number_n trade_n and_o wealth_n of_o the_o people_n 16_o sixthly_a obscurity_n about_o the_o right_n of_o impose_v ibid._n seven_o fewness_n of_o people_n ibid._n eight_o scarcity_n of_o money_n and_o confusion_n of_o coin_n 17_o nine_o that_o scarce_o a_o hundred_o part_n of_o the_o riches_n of_o this_o nation_n be_v coin_v bullion_n ibid._n ten_o the_o non-acceptance_n of_o some_o commodity_n in_o specie_fw-la in_o discharge_v of_o tax_n ibid._n the_o consequence_n of_o a_o tax_n too_o heavy_a if_o there_o be_v too_o much_o money_n in_o a_o nation_n which_o may_v be_v or_o be_v there_o be_v too_o little_a and_o that_o either_o in_o a_o state_n well_o or_o ill_o govern_v 17_o 18_o 19_o the_o first_o way_n of_o provide_v for_o the_o public_a charge_n be_v the_o excind_n or_o set_v apart_o of_o a_o proportion_n of_o the_o territory_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o crown-land_n 20_o the_o second_o be_v take_v away_o the_o same_o proportion_n of_o the_o rent_n of_o all_o land_n 21_o the_o nation_n be_v happy_a where_o either_o of_o the_o say_v two_o way_n be_v practise_v ab_fw-la antiquo_fw-la and_o upon_o original_a agreement_n and_o not_o exact_v as_o a_o sudden_a contingent_a surcharge_n upon_o the_o people_n 21_o the_o owner_n of_o settle_a rent_n bear_v the_o burden_n of_o a_o land-tax_n or_o assessment_n other_o probable_o gain_v thereby_o ibid._n a_o land-tax_n upon_o free_a estate_n resolve_v into_o a_o excize_n upon_o consumption_n 22_o assessment_n upon_o house_n more_o uncertain_a than_o that_o of_o land_n house_n being_n of_o a_o double_a nature_n viz._n either_o a_o instrument_n of_o gain_n or_o way_n of_o expense_n ibid._n the_o heavy_a tax_n of_o house_n no_o discouragement_n to_o new_a building_n nor_o be_v the_o discouragement_n of_o new_a building_n any_o mean_n to_o prevent_v the_o populousness_n of_o a_o city_n ibid._n prohibition_n to_o build_v upon_o new_a foundation_n serve_v only_o to_o fix_v the_o ground-plot_n of_o a_o city_n 23_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o city_n of_o london_n remove_v its_o ground-plot_n westward_o ibid._n that_o it_o be_v probable_a the_o king_n of_o england_n palace_n will_v in_o process_n of_o time_n be_v towards_o chelsey_n ibid._n that_o the_o present_a seat_n of_o london_n will_v be_v the_o great_a cohabitation_n of_o people_n ever_o whilst_o this_o island_n be_v inhabit_v 24_o the_o nature_n and_o natural_a measure_n of_o the_o rent_n of_o land_n compute_v in_o commodity_n of_o the_o growth_n of_o the_o say_v land_n ibid._n the_o par_fw-fr between_o food_n or_o other_o proceed_v of_o land_n and_o bullion_n or_o coin_n 25_o the_o par_n between_o gold_n and_o silver_n ibid._n gold_n and_o silver_n be_v not_o natural_a standard_n of_o the_o value_v of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 26_o the_o prime_a denomination_n of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v but_o two_o viz._n land_n and_o labour_n as_o the_o denomination_n of_o money_n in_o england_n be_v pound_n shilling_n penny_n ibid._n of_o the_o par_fw-fr between_o land_n and_o labour_n ibid._n the_o reason_n of_o the_o number_n of_o year_n purchase_v that_o land_n be_v worth_a in_o several_a country_n 27_o why_o land_n in_o ireland_n be_v worth_a few_o year_n purchase_v then_o in_o england_n 27_o 28._o the_o description_n and_o ratio_fw-la formalis_fw-la of_o usury_n 29_o the_o same_o of_o exchange_n ibid._n the_o measure_n of_o both_o 29_o 30_o why_o usury_n have_v be_v limit_v more_o than_o exchange_n 30_o a_o parallel_n between_o the_o change_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o money_n and_o that_o of_o land_n ibid._n how_o to_o compute_v and_o compare_v the_o rent_n of_o land_n in_o order_n to_o a_o just_a land-tax_n or_o assessment_n 31_o the_o intrinsic_a value_n of_o land_n be_v find_v by_o survey_v of_o the_o quantity_n figure_n and_o situation_n ibid._n and_o by_o the_o survey_n of_o the_o quality_n viz._n its_o aptitude_n to_o bear_v first_o precious_a commodity_n second_o the_o best_a of_o the_o kind_n three_o most_o in_o quantity_n ibid._n the_o extrinsic_a or_o accidental_a value_n depend_v upon_o the_o plenty_n of_o money_n luxurious_a or_o frugal_a live_n the_o opinion_n civil_a natural_a and_o religious_a of_o the_o people_n ibid._n it_o be_v necessary_a to_o these_o inquiry_n to_o know_v how_o to_o tell_v the_o gold_n and_o silver_n coin_n of_o this_o present_a age_n and_o compare_v the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o former_a time_n 32_o how_o to_o compare_v not_o only_o the_o money_n of_o this_o present_a age_n with_o that_o of_o the_o former_a but_o the_o entire_a riches_n of_o the_o present_a with_o the_o former_a people_n ibid._n by_o the_o number_n of_o people_n and_o the_o proportion_n of_o money_n among_o they_o the_o accidental_a value_n of_o land_n be_v to_o be_v compute_v 33_o how_o to_o proportion_n the_o rate_n of_o a_o commodity_n in_o one_o place_n unto_o the_o rate_n of_o the_o same_o in_o another_o place_n ibid._n that_o the_o day-wage_n of_o labourer_n and_o several_a other_o of_o the_o most_o vulgar_a tradesman_n ought_v to_o be_v ascertain_v and_o well_o adapt_v to_o the_o change_n of_o time_n ibid._n that_o though_o the_o difficulty_n of_o compute_v the_o contingent_a value_n of_o land_n be_v great_a yet_o there_o be_v great_a reason_n for_o undergo_a it_o 34_o the_o nature_n of_o credit_n as_o the_o say_a word_n be_v common_o use_v among_o tradesman_n and_o otherwise_o ibid._n that_o the_o sovereign_n exact_a knowledge_n of_o the_o subject_n estate_n will_v do_v they_o no_o harm_n ibid._n a_o descriptiou_n of_o the_o duty_n of_o custom_n 35_o a_o conjecture_n that_o custom_n at_o first_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o praemium_fw-la for_o insurance_n against_o pirate_n ibid._n the_o measure_n of_o the_o say_a duty_n upon_o exported_a good_n 36_o the_o inconvenience_n of_o too_o heavy_a custom_n ibid._n what_o commodity_n may_v be_v force_v to_o pay_v custom_n 37_o the_o measure_n of_o custom_n upon_o import_v good_n ibid._n the_o inconvenience_n of_o raise_v money_n by_o the_o way_n of_o custom_n ibid._n a_o proposal_n that_o instead_o of_o tonnage_n and_o poundage_n upon_o ship_v good_n a_o tonnage_n be_v pay_v out_o of_o the_o ship_n freight_v 38_o or_o that_o the_o custom_n be_v take_v as_o a_o insurance_n praemium_fw-la ibid._n of_o prohibit_v commodity_n in_o general_n ibid._n of_o prohibit_v the_o exportation_n of_o money_n and_o bullion_n 39_o the_o say_a prohibition_n of_o money_n serve_v as_o a_o sumptuary_n law_n ibid._n about_o the_o exportation_n of_o wool_n ibid._n the_o lessen_v of_o our_o sheep-trade_n and_o increase_v of_o corn-tillage_n be_v a_o expedient_a in_o this_o case_n for_o many_o reason_n 40_o other_o consideration_n tend_v to_o show_v that_o the_o too_o vehement_a prohibition_n of_o wool_n may_v be_v ineffectual_a or_o to_o do_v more_o harm_n then_o good_a 41_o of_o prohibit_v importation_n ibid._n it_o be_v better_a to_o make_v and_o raise_v commodity_n though_o to_o burn_v they_o than_o not_o to_o make_v they_o or_o let_v the_o maker_n lose_v their_o faculty_n and_o be_v idle_a ibid._n of_o free_a port_n and_o in_o what_o case_n they_o may_v do_v good_a or_o harm_n 42_o of_o poll-money_n and_o the_o sort_n of_o it_o ibid._n the_o fault_n of_o the_o late_a poll-money_n 43_o of_o the_o most_o simple_a poll-money_n where_o all_o pay_n alike_o its_o conveniency_n and_o inconvenience_n ibid._n of_o poll-money_n upon_o title_n office_n and_o faculty_n 44_o harth-money_n be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o simple_a poll-money_n but_o both_o be_v rather_o accumulative_a excize_n 45_o grant_n for_o public_a lottery_n be_v tax_n upon_o the_o people_n ibid._n why_o lottery_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v allow_v but_o by_o good_a authority_n ibid._n raise_v of_o money_n by_o benevolence_n be_v a_o real_a tax_n 46_o three_o case_n where_o the_o way_n of_o a_o benevolence_n may_v be_v make_v good_a ibid_fw-la several_a reason_n against_o it_o 46_o 47_o the_o several_a species_n of_o penalty_n 47_o a_o doubt_n whether_o the_o penalty_n set_v down_o in_o moses_n law_n ought_v to_o be_v inflict_v now_o 47_o the_o proper_a use_n and_o reason_n of_o every_o sort_n of_o penalty_n 48_o perpetual_a imprisonment_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o slow_a death_n 49_o in_o what_o case_n death_n mutilation_n imprisonment_n disgrace_n etc._n etc._n aught_o to_o be_v commute_v for_o pecuniary_a mulct_n

than_o that_o upon_o place_n which_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o world_n do_v not_o unless_o it_o be_v that_o those_o who_o make_v such_o law_n be_v rather_o borrower_n than_o lender_n but_o of_o the_o vanity_n and_o fruitlessness_n of_o make_v civil_a positive_a law_n against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n i_o have_v speak_v elsewhere_o and_o instance_a in_o several_a particular_n 4._o as_o for_o the_o natural_a measure_n of_o exchange_n i_o say_v that_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n the_o great_a exchange_n can_v be_v but_o the_o labour_n of_o carry_v the_o money_n in_o specie_fw-la but_o where_o be_v hazard_n emergent_a use_n for_o money_n more_o in_o one_o place_n then_o another_o etc._n etc._n or_o opinion_n of_o these_o true_a or_o false_a the_o exchange_n will_v be_v govern_v by_o they_o 5._o parallel_v unto_o this_o be_v something_o which_o we_o omit_v concern_v the_o price_n of_o land_n for_o as_o great_a need_n of_o money_n heighten_v exchange_n so_o do_v great_a need_n of_o corn_n raise_v the_o price_n of_o that_o likewise_o and_o consequent_o of_o the_o rent_n of_o the_o land_n that_o bear_v corn_n and_o last_o of_o the_o land_n itself_o as_o for_o example_n if_o the_o corn_n which_o feed_v london_n or_o a_o army_n be_v bring_v forty_o mile_n thither_o than_o the_o corn_n grow_v within_o a_o mile_n of_o london_n or_o the_o quarter_n of_o such_o army_n shall_v have_v add_v unto_o its_o natural_a price_n so_o much_o as_o the_o charge_n of_o bring_v it_o thirty_o nine_o mile_n do_v amount_v unto_o and_o unto_o perishable_a commodity_n as_o fresh_a fish_n fruit_n etc._n etc._n the_o insurance_n upon_o the_o hazard_n of_o corrupt_v etc._n etc._n shall_v be_v add_v also_o and_o final_o unto_o he_o that_o eat_v these_o thing_n there_o suppose_v in_o tavern_n shall_v be_v add_v the_o charge_n of_o all_o the_o circumstancial_a appurtenance_n of_o house-rent_a furniture_n attendance_n and_o the_o cook_n skill_n as_o well_o as_o his_o labour_n to_o accompany_v the_o same_o 6._o hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o land_n intrinsical_o alike_o near_o populous_a place_n such_o as_o where_o the_o perimeter_n of_o the_o area_n that_o feed_v they_o be_v great_a will_v not_o only_o yield_v more_o rend_v for_o these_o reason_n but_o also_o more_o year_n purchase_v then_o in_o remote_a place_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o pleasure_n and_o honour_v extraordinary_a of_o have_v land_n there_o for_o omne_fw-la tulit_fw-la punctum_fw-la qui_fw-la miscuit_fw-la utile_fw-la dulci._n 7._o have_v finish_v our_o digression_n upon_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o rent_n and_o value_v of_o land_n and_o money_n we_o now_o return_v to_o our_o second_o way_n of_o levy_v public_a charge_n which_o be_v the_o take_n of_o a_o proportion_n of_o the_o rent_n common_o call_v assessment_n it_o follow_v next_o to_o speak_v of_o the_o way_n of_o compute_v the_o say_a rent_n otherwise_o then_o according_a to_o the_o bargain_n which_o a_o few_o man_n make_v one_o with_o another_o through_o ignorance_n haste_n false_a suggestion_n or_o else_o in_o their_o passion_n or_o drink_n although_o i_o acknowledge_v that_o the_o medium_n or_o common_a result_n of_o all_o the_o bargain_n make_v within_o three_o year_n or_o other_o such_o cycle_n of_o time_n as_o within_o which_o all_o contingency_n of_o land_n revolve_v may_v be_v very_o sufficient_a to_o this_o purpose_n be_v but_o the_o sum_n synthetical_o compute_v by_o casual_a opinion_n as_o i_o will_v endeavour_v to_o cast_v up_o analytical_o by_o a_o distinct_a particularise_v of_o the_o cause_n 8._o 1._o therefore_o i_o propound_v a_o survey_n of_o the_o figure_n quantity_n and_o situation_n of_o all_o the_o land_n both_o according_a to_o the_o civil_a bound_n of_o parish_n farm_n etc._n etc._n and_o the_o natural_a distinction_n thereof_o by_o the_o sea_n rivers_n ridge_n of_o rock_n or_o mountain_n etc._n etc._n 9_o 2._o i_o propound_v that_o the_o quality_n of_o each_o denomination_n be_v describe_v by_o the_o commodity_n it_o have_v usual_o bear_v in_o some_o land_n some_o sort_n of_o timber_n grain_n pulse_n or_o root_n grow_v more_o happy_o then_o in_o other_o also_o by_o the_o increase_n of_o thing_n sow_v or_o plant_v which_o it_o have_v yield_v communibus_fw-la annis_fw-la and_o withal_o the_o comparative_a goodness_n of_o the_o say_a commodity_n not_o unto_o the_o common_a standard_n money_n but_o to_o one_o another_o as_o for_o example_n if_o there_o be_v ten_o acre_n of_o land_n i_o will_v have_v it_o judge_v whether_o they_o be_v better_o for_o hay_n or_o corn_n if_o for_o hay_o whether_o the_o say_v ten_o acre_n will_v bear_v more_o or_o less_o of_o hay_n then_o ten_o other_o acre_n and_o whether_o a_o hundred_o weight_n of_o the_o say_a hay_n will_v feed_v or_o fatten_v more_o or_o less_o than_o the_o same_o weight_n of_o other_o hay_n and_o not_o as_o yet_o compare_v it_o to_o money_n in_o which_o the_o value_n of_o the_o say_a hay_n will_v be_v more_o or_o less_o according_a to_o the_o plenty_n of_o money_n which_o have_v change_v strange_o since_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o west_n indies_n and_o according_a to_o the_o multitude_n of_o people_n live_v near_o this_o land_n together_o with_o the_o luxurious_a or_o frugal_a live_n of_o they_o and_o beside_o all_o according_a to_o the_o civil_a natural_a and_o religious_a opinion_n of_o the_o say_a people_n as_o for_o example_n egg_n in_o the_o forepart_n of_o lent_n because_o their_o goodness_n and_o delicacy_n decay_v before_o lend_v be_v do_v be_v worth_a little_a in_o some_o popish_a country_n nor_o swine_n flesh_n among_o the_o jew_n nor_o hedgehog_n frog_n snail_n mushroom_n etc._n etc._n to_o those_o that_o fear_v to_o eat_v they_o as_o poisonous_a or_o unwholesome_a nor_o curran_n and_o spanish_a wine_n if_o they_o be_v all_o to_o be_v destroy_v as_o the_o great_a thief_n of_o this_o nation_n by_o a_o edict_n of_o the_o state_n 10._o this_o i_o call_v a_o survey_n or_o inquisition_n into_o the_o intrinsic_a value_v of_o land_n that_o of_o extrinsic_a or_o accidental_a follow_v we_o say_v that_o the_o change_n of_o the_o store_n of_o money_n will_v change_v the_o rate_n of_o commodity_n according_a to_o our_o reckon_n in_o name_n and_o word_n pound_n shilling_n and_o penny_n be_v nothing_o else_o as_o for_o example_n if_o a_o man_n can_v bring_v to_o london_n a_o ounce_n of_o silver_n out_o of_o the_o earth_n in_o peru_n in_o the_o same_o time_n that_o he_o can_v produce_v a_o bushel_n of_o corn_n than_o one_o be_v the_o natural_a price_n of_o the_o other_o now_o if_o by_o reason_n of_o new_a and_o more_o easy_a mine_n a_o man_n can_v get_v two_o ounce_n of_o silver_n as_o easy_o as_o former_o he_o do_v one_o than_o corn_n will_v be_v as_o cheap_a at_o ten_o shilling_n the_o bushel_n as_o it_o be_v before_o at_o five_o shilling_n caeteris_fw-la paribus_fw-la 11._o it_o behoove_v we_o therefore_o to_o have_v a_o way_n whereby_o to_o tell_v the_o money_n of_o our_o country_n which_o i_o think_v i_o have_v and_o that_o in_o a_o short_a time_n and_o without_o cost_n and_o which_o be_v more_o without_o look_v into_o particular_a man_n pocket_n of_o which_o hereafter_o now_o if_o we_o know_v what_o gold_n and_o silver_n we_o have_v in_o england_n two_o hundred_o year_n ago_o and_o can_v tell_v it_o again_o now_o and_o though_o we_o also_o know_v the_o difference_n of_o our_o denomination_n then_o when_o thirty_o seven_o shilling_n be_v make_v out_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o silver_n as_o sixty_o two_o be_v now_o also_o that_o of_o the_o alloy_n labour_n in_o coinage_n remedy_n for_o weight_n and_o fineness_n and_o duty_n to_o the_o king_n nay_o if_o we_o also_o know_v the_o labourer_n wage_n then_o and_o now_o yet_o all_o this_o will_v not_o show_v the_o difference_n of_o the_o riches_n of_o our_o nation_n even_o in_o money_n alone_o 12._o wherefore_o we_o must_v add_v to_o the_o premise_n the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o number_n of_o the_o people_n and_o conclude_v that_o if_o all_o the_o money_n in_o the_o nation_n be_v equal_o divide_v among_o all_o the_o people_n both_o then_o and_o now_o that_o that_o time_n wherein_o each_o devisee_fw-mi have_v wherewith_o to_o hire_v most_o labourer_n be_v the_o rich_a so_o that_o we_o want_v the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o people_n and_o bullion_n which_o be_v now_o in_o this_o land_n and_o which_o be_v heretofore_o all_o which_o i_o think_v may_v be_v find_v out_o even_o for_o the_o time_n past_a but_o more_o probable_o for_o the_o time_n present_a and_o to_o come_v 13._o but_o to_o proceed_v suppose_v we_o have_v they_o than_o we_o will_v pitch_v the_o accidental_a value_n upon_o our_o land_n about_o london_n as_o thus_o viz._n we_o will_v first_o at_o hazard_n compute_v the_o material_n for_o food_n and_o cover_n which_o the_o

11._o 7._o obscurity_n and_o doubt_n about_o the_o right_n of_o impose_v have_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o great_a and_o ugly_a reluctancy_n in_o the_o people_n and_o of_o involuntary_a severity_n in_o the_o prince_n a_o eminent_a example_n whereof_o be_v the_o ship-money_n no_o small_a cause_n of_o twenty_o year_n calamity_n to_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n 12._o 8._o fewness_n of_o people_n be_v real_a poverty_n and_o a_o nation_n wherein_o be_v eight_o million_o of_o people_n be_v more_o than_o twice_o as_o rich_a as_o the_o same_o scope_n of_o land_n wherein_o be_v but_o four_o for_o the_o same_o governor_n which_o be_v the_o great_a charge_n may_v serve_v near_o as_o well_o for_o the_o great_a as_o the_o lesser_a number_n 13._o second_o if_o the_o people_n be_v so_o few_o as_o that_o they_o can_v live_v exsponte_fw-la creatis_fw-la or_o with_o little_a labour_n such_o as_o be_v graze_v etc._n etc._n they_o become_v whole_o without_o art_n no_o man_n that_o will_v not_o exercise_v his_o hand_n be_v able_a to_o endure_v the_o torture_n of_o the_o mind_n which_o much_o thoughtfulness_n do_v occasion_n 14._o 9_o scarcity_n of_o money_n be_v another_o cause_n of_o the_o bad_a payment_n of_o tax_n for_o if_o we_o consider_v that_o of_o all_o the_o wealth_n of_o this_o nation_n viz._n land_n house_n ship_n commodity_n furniture_n plate_n and_o money_n that_o scarce_o one_o part_n of_o a_o hundred_o be_v coin_n and_o that_o perhaps_o there_o be_v scarce_o six_o million_o of_o pound_n now_o in_o england_n that_o be_v but_o twenty_o shilling_n a_o head_n for_o every_o head_n in_o the_o nation_n we_o may_v easy_o judge_v how_o difficult_a it_o be_v for_o man_n of_o competent_a estate_n to_o pay_v a_o sum_n of_o money_n on_o a_o sudden_a which_o if_o they_o can_v compass_v severity_n and_o charge_n ensue_v and_o that_o with_o reason_n though_o unlucky_a enough_o it_o be_v more_o tolerable_a to_o undo_v one_o particular_a member_n then_o to_o endanger_v the_o whole_a notwithstanding_o indeed_o it_o be_v more_o tolerable_a for_o one_o particular_a member_n to_o be_v undo_v with_o the_o whole_a then_o alone_o 15._o 10._o it_o seem_v somewhat_o hard_a that_o all_o tax_n shall_v be_v pay_v in_o money_n that_o be_v when_o the_o king_n have_v occasion_n to_o victual_v his_o ship_n at_o portsmouth_n that_o fat_a ox_n and_o corn_n shall_v not_o be_v receive_v in_o kind_n but_o that_o farmer_n must_v first_o carry_v their_o corn_n perhaps_o ten_o mile_n to_o sell_v and_o turn_v into_o money_n which_o be_v pay_v to_o the_o king_n be_v again_o reconvert_v into_o corn_n fetch_v many_o mile_n further_o 16._o moreover_o the_o farmer_n for_o haste_n be_v force_v to_o under-sell_a his_o corn_n and_o the_o king_n for_o haste_n likewise_o be_v force_v to_o over-buy_a his_o provision_n whereas_o the_o pay_n in_o kind_n pro_fw-la hic_fw-la &_o nunc_fw-la will_v lessen_v a_o considerable_a grievance_n to_o the_o poor_a people_n 17._o the_o next_o consideration_n shall_v be_v of_o the_o consequence_n and_o effect_n of_o too_o great_a a_o tax_n not_o in_o respect_n of_o particular_a man_n of_o which_o we_o have_v speak_v before_o but_o to_o the_o whole_a people_n in_o general_a to_o which_o i_o say_v that_o there_o be_v a_o certain_a measure_n and_o proportion_n of_o money_n requisite_a to_o drive_v the_o trade_n of_o a_o nation_n more_o or_o less_o than_o which_o will_v prejudice_v the_o same_o just_o as_o there_o be_v a_o certain_a proportion_n of_o farthing_n necessary_a in_o a_o small_a retail_n trade_n to_o change_v silver_n money_n and_o to_o even_o such_o reckon_n as_o can_v be_v adjust_v with_o the_o small_a silver_n piece_n for_o money_n make_v of_o gold_n and_o silver_n be_v to_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v to_o the_o matter_n of_o our_o food_n and_o cover_v but_o as_o farthing_n and_o other_o local_a extrinsic_a money_n be_v to_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n species_n 18._o now_o as_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o number_n of_o farthing_n requisite_a in_o commerce_n be_v to_o be_v take_v from_o the_o number_n of_o people_n the_o frequency_n of_o their_o exchange_n as_o also_o and_o principal_o from_o the_o value_n of_o the_o small_a silver_n piece_n of_o money_n so_o in_o like_a manner_n the_o proportion_n of_o money_n requisite_a to_o our_o trade_n be_v to_o be_v likewise_o take_v from_o the_o frequency_n of_o commutation_n and_o from_o the_o bigness_n of_o the_o payment_n that_o be_v by_o law_n or_o custom_n usual_o make_v otherwise_o from_o whence_o it_o follow_v that_o where_o there_o be_v register_n of_o land_n whereby_o the_o just_a value_n of_o each_o man_n interest_n in_o they_o may_v be_v well_o know_v and_o where_o there_o be_v depository_n of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o of_o metal_n cloth_n linen_n leather_n and_o other_o useful_n and_o where_o there_o be_v bank_n of_o money_n also_o there_o less_o money_n be_v necessary_a to_o drive_v the_o trade_n for_o if_o all_o the_o great_a payment_n be_v make_v in_o land_n and_o the_o other_o perhaps_o down_o to_o ten_o pound_n or_o twenty_o pound_n be_v make_v by_o credit_n in_o lombar_n or_o money-bank_n it_o follow_v that_o there_o needs_o only_a money_n to_o pay_v sum_n less_o than_o those_o aforemention_v just_a as_o few_o farthing_n be_v requisite_a for_o change_n where_o there_o be_v plenty_n of_o silver_n two_o pence_n then_o where_o the_o least_o silver_n piece_n be_v six_o penny_n 19_o to_o apply_v all_o this_o i_o say_v that_o if_o there_o be_v too_o much_o money_n in_o a_o nation_n it_o be_v good_a for_o the_o commonalty_n as_o well_o as_o the_o king_n and_o no_o harm_n even_o to_o particular_a man_n if_o the_o king_n have_v in_o his_o coffer_n all_o that_o be_v superflous_a no_o more_o than_o if_o man_n be_v permit_v to_o pay_v their_o tax_n in_o any_o thing_n they_o can_v best_o spare_v 20._o on_o the_o other_o side_n if_o the_o largeness_n of_o a_o public_a exhibition_n shall_v leave_v less_o money_n than_o be_v necessary_a to_o drive_v the_o nation_n trade_n than_o the_o mischief_n thereof_o will_v be_v the_o do_v of_o less_o work_n which_o be_v the_o same_o as_o lessen_v the_o people_n or_o their_o art_n and_o industry_n for_o a_o hundred_o pound_n pass_v a_o hundred_o hand_n for_o wage_n cause_n a_o 10000l_o worth_a of_o commodity_n to_o be_v produce_v which_o hand_n will_v have_v be_v idle_a and_o useless_a have_v there_o not_o be_v this_o continual_a motive_n to_o their_o employment_n 21._o tax_n if_o they_o be_v present_o expend_v upon_o our_o own_o domestic_a commodity_n seem_v to_o i_o to_o do_v little_a harm_n to_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o people_n only_o they_o work_v a_o change_n in_o the_o riches_n and_o fortune_n of_o particular_a man_n and_o particular_o by_o transfer_v the_o same_o from_o the_o land_a and_o lazy_a to_o the_o crafty_a and_o industrious_a as_o for_o example_n if_o a_o gentleman_n have_v let_v his_o land_n to_o farm_n for_o a_o hundred_o pound_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la for_o several_a year_n or_o life_n and_o he_o be_v tax_v twenty_o pound_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la to_o maintain_v a_o navy_n then_o the_o effect_n hereof_o will_v be_v that_o this_o gentleman_fw-mi twenty_o pound_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la will_v be_v distribute_v among_o seaman_n ship-carpenter_n and_o other_o trade_n relate_v to_o naval_a matter_n but_o if_o the_o gentleman_n have_v his_o land_n in_o his_o own_o hand_n then_o be_v tax_v a_o five_o part_n he_o will_v raise_v his_o rent_n near_o the_o same_o proportion_n upon_o his_o under_a tenant_n or_o will_v sell_v his_o cattle_n corn_n and_o wool_n a_o five_o part_n dear_a the_o like_a also_o will_v all_o other_o subdependents_n on_o he_o do_v and_o thereby_o recover_v in_o some_o measure_n what_o he_o pay_v last_o but_o if_o all_o the_o money_n levy_v be_v throw_v into_o the_o sea_n than_o the_o ultimate_a effect_n will_v only_o be_v that_o every_o man_n must_v work_v a_o five_o part_n the_o hard_a or_o retrench_v a_o five_o part_n of_o his_o consumption_n viz._n the_o former_a if_o foreign_a trade_n be_v improveable_a and_o the_o latter_a if_o it_o be_v not_o 22._o this_o i_o conceive_v be_v the_o worst_a of_o tax_n in_o a_o well_o policy_v state_n but_o in_o other_o state_n where_o be_v not_o a_o certain_a prevention_n of_o beggary_n and_o thievery_n that_o be_v a_o sure_a livelihood_n for_o man_n want_v employment_n there_o i_o confess_v a_o excessive_a tax_n cause_v excessive_a and_o insuperable_a want_n even_o of_o natural_a necessity_n and_o that_o on_o a_o sudden_a so_o as_o ignorant_a particular_a person_n can_v find_v out_o what_o way_n to_o subsist_v by_o and_o this_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n must_v cause_v sudden_a effect_n to_o relieve_v itself_o that_o be_v rapine_n fraud_n and_o this_o again_o must_v

the_o rascality_n or_o in_o process_n of_o time_n return_v to_o waste_v and_o garden_n again_o example_n whereof_o be_v many_o even_o about_o london_n now_o if_o great_a city_n be_v natural_o apt_a to_o remove_v their_o seat_n i_o ask_v which_o way_n i_o say_v in_o the_o case_n of_o london_n it_o must_v be_v westward_o because_o the_o wind_n blow_v near_o ¾_n of_o the_o year_n from_o the_o west_n the_o dwelling_n of_o the_o west_n end_n be_v so_o much_o the_o more_o free_a from_o the_o fume_n steam_n and_o stink_v of_o the_o whole_a easterly_a pyle_n which_o where_o seacole_n be_v burn_v be_v a_o great_a matter_n now_o if_o it_o follow_v from_o hence_o that_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o great_a man_n will_v remove_v westward_o it_o will_v also_o natural_o follow_v that_o the_o dwelling_n of_o other_o who_o depend_v upon_o they_o will_v creep_v after_o they_o this_o we_o see_v in_o london_n where_o the_o nobleman_n ancient_a house_n be_v now_o become_v hall_n for_o company_n or_o turn_v into_o tenement_n and_o all_o the_o palace_n be_v get_v westward_o insomuch_o as_o i_o do_v not_o doubt_v but_o that_o five_o hundred_o year_n hence_o the_o king_n palace_n will_v be_v near_o chelsey_n and_o the_o old_a build_n of_o whitehall_n convert_v to_o use_n more_o answerable_a to_o their_o quality_n for_o to_o build_v a_o new_a royal_a palace_n upon_o the_o same_o ground_n will_v be_v too_o great_a a_o confinement_n in_o respect_n of_o garden_n and_o other_o magnificency_n and_o withal_o a_o disaccommodation_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o work_n but_o it_o rather_o seem_v to_o i_o that_o the_o next_o palace_n will_v be_v build_v from_o the_o whole_a present_a contignation_n of_o house_n at_o such_o a_o distance_n as_o the_o old_a palace_n of_o westminster_n be_v from_o the_o city_n of_o london_n when_o the_o archer_n begin_v to_o bend_v their_o bow_n just_a without_o ludgate_n and_o when_o all_o the_o space_n between_o the_o thames_n fleetstreet_n and_o holborn_n be_v as_o finsbury-field_n be_v now_o 10._o this_o digression_n i_o confess_v to_o be_v both_o impertinent_a to_o the_o business_n of_o tax_n and_o in_o itself_o almost_o needless_a for_o why_o shall_v we_o trouble_v ourselves_o what_o shall_v be_v five_o hundred_o year_n hence_o not_o know_v what_o a_o day_n may_v bring_v forth_o and_o since_o it_o be_v not_o unlikely_a but_o that_o before_o that_o time_n we_o may_v be_v all_o transplant_v from_o hence_o into_o america_n these_o country_n be_v overrun_v with_o turk_n and_o make_v waste_v as_o the_o seat_n of_o the_o famous_a eastern_a empire_n at_o this_o day_n be_v 11._o only_o i_o think_v it_o be_v certain_a that_o while_o ever_o there_o be_v people_n in_o england_n the_o great_a cohabitation_n of_o they_o will_v be_v about_o the_o place_n which_o be_v now_o london_n the_o thames_n be_v the_o most_o commodious_a river_n of_o this_o island_n and_o the_o seat_n of_o london_n the_o most_o commodious_a part_n of_o the_o thames_n so_o much_o do_v the_o mean_n of_o facilitate_v carriage_n greaten_v a_o city_n which_o may_v put_v we_o in_o mind_n of_o employ_v our_o idle_a hand_n about_o mend_v the_o highway_n make_v bridge_n cawseys_n and_o river_n navigable_a which_o consideration_n bring_v i_o back_o round_o into_o my_o way_n of_o tax_n from_o whence_o i_o digress_v 12._o but_o before_o we_o talk_v too_o much_o of_o rent_n we_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o explain_v the_o mysterious_a nature_n of_o they_o with_o reference_n as_o well_o to_o money_n the_o rent_n of_o which_o we_o call_v usury_n as_o to_o that_o of_o land_n and_o house_n aforemention_v 13._o suppose_v a_o man_n can_v with_o his_o own_o hand_n plant_v a_o certain_a scope_n of_o land_n with_o corn_n that_o be_v can_v digg_n or_o plough_v harrow_n weed_n reap_v carry_v home_o thresh_v and_o winnow_v so_o much_o as_o the_o husbandry_n of_o this_o land_n require_v and_o have_v withal_o seed_n wherewith_o to_o sow_v the_o same_o i_o say_v that_o when_o this_o man_n have_v subduct_v his_o seed_n out_o of_o the_o proceed_v of_o his_o harvest_n and_o also_o what_o himself_o have_v both_o eat_v and_o give_v to_o other_o in_o exchange_n for_o clothes_n and_o other_o natural_a necessary_n that_o the_o remainder_n of_o corn_n be_v the_o natural_a and_o true_a rent_n of_o the_o land_n for_o that_o year_n and_o the_o medium_n of_o seven_o year_n or_o rather_o of_o so_o many_o year_n as_o make_v up_o the_o cycle_n within_o which_o dearth_n and_o plenty_n make_v their_o revolution_n do_v give_v the_o ordinary_a rent_n of_o the_o land_n in_o corn._n 14._o but_o a_o further_o though_o collateral_a question_n may_v be_v how_o much_o english_a money_n this_o corn_n or_o rent_n be_v worth_a i_o answer_v so_o much_o as_o the_o money_n which_o another_o single_a man_n can_v save_v within_o the_o same_o time_n over_o and_o above_o his_o expense_n if_o he_o employ_v himself_o whole_o to_o produce_v and_o make_v it_o viz._n let_v another_o man_n go_v travel_n into_o a_o country_n where_o be_v silver_n there_o dig_v it_o refine_v it_o bring_v it_o to_o the_o same_o place_n where_o the_o other_o man_n plant_v his_o corn_n coin_v it_o etc._n etc._n the_o same_o person_n all_o the_o while_n of_o his_o work_n for_o silver_n gather_v also_o food_n for_o his_o necessary_a livelihood_n and_o procure_v himself_o cover_v etc._n etc._n i_o say_v the_o silver_n of_o the_o one_o must_v be_v esteem_v of_o equal_a value_n with_o the_o corn_n of_o the_o other_o the_o one_o be_v perhaps_o twenty_o ounce_n and_o the_o other_o twenty_o bushel_n from_o whence_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o price_n of_o a_o bushel_n of_o this_o corn_n to_o be_v a_o ounce_n of_o silver_n 15._o and_o forasmuch_o as_o possible_o there_o may_v be_v more_o art_n and_o hazzard_n in_o work_v about_o the_o silver_n then_o about_o the_o corn_n yet_o all_o come_v to_o the_o same_o pass_n for_o let_v a_o hundred_o man_n work_v ten_o year_n upon_o corn_n and_o the_o same_o number_n of_o man_n the_o same_o time_n upon_o silver_n i_o say_v that_o the_o neat_a proceed_v of_o the_o silver_n be_v the_o price_n of_o the_o whole_a neat_fw-mi proceed_v of_o the_o corn_n and_o like_a part_n of_o the_o one_o the_o price_n of_o like_a part_n of_o the_o other_o although_o not_o so_o many_o of_o those_o who_o wrought_v in_o silver_n learn_v the_o art_n of_o refine_n and_o coin_v or_o outlive_v the_o danger_n and_o disease_n of_o work_v in_o the_o mine_n and_o this_o also_o be_v the_o way_n of_o pitch_v the_o true_a proportion_n between_o the_o value_v of_o gold_n and_o silver_n which_o many_o time_n be_v set_v but_o by_o popular_a error_n sometime_o more_o sometime_o less_o diffuse_v in_o the_o world_n which_o error_n by_o the_o way_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o our_o have_v be_v pester_v with_o too_o much_o gold_n heretofore_o and_o want_v it_o now_o 16._o this_o i_o say_v to_o be_v the_o foundation_n of_o equallize_a and_o balance_v of_o value_n yet_o in_o the_o superstructure_n and_o practice_n hereupon_o i_o confess_v there_o be_v much_o variety_n and_o intricacy_n of_o which_o hereafter_o 17._o the_o world_n measure_v thing_n by_o gold_n and_o silver_n but_o principal_o the_o latter_a for_o there_o may_v not_o be_v two_o measure_n and_o consequent_o the_o better_a of_o many_o must_v be_v the_o only_a of_o all_o that_o be_v by_o fine_a silver_n of_o a_o certain_a weight_n but_o now_o if_o it_o be_v hard_a to_o measure_v the_o weight_n and_o fineness_n of_o silver_n as_o by_o the_o different_a report_n of_o the_o able_a saymaster_n i_o have_v know_v it_o to_o be_v and_o if_o silver_n grant_v to_o be_v of_o the_o same_o fineness_n and_o weight_n rise_v and_o fall_v in_o its_o price_n and_o be_v more_o worth_n at_o one_o place_n then_o another_o not_o only_o for_o be_v far_o from_o the_o mine_n but_o for_o other_o accident_n and_o may_v be_v more_o worth_a at_o present_a than_o a_o month_n or_o other_o small_a time_n hence_o and_o if_o it_o differ_v in_o its_o proportion_n unto_o the_o several_a thing_n value_v by_o it_o in_o several_a age_n upon_o the_o increase_n and_o diminution_n thereof_o we_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o examine_v some_o other_o natural_a standard_n and_o measure_n without_o derogate_a from_o the_o excellent_a use_n of_o these_o 18._o our_o silver_n and_o gold_n we_o call_v by_o several_a name_n as_o in_o england_n by_o pound_n shilling_n and_o penny_n all_o which_o may_v be_v call_v and_o understand_v by_o either_o of_o the_o three_o but_o that_o which_o i_o will_v say_v upon_o this_o matter_n be_v that_o all_o thing_n ought_v to_o be_v value_v by_o two_o natural_a denomination_n which_o be_v land_n and_o labour_n that_o be_v we_o ought_v to_o say_v a_o ship_n or_o garment_n be_v worth_a such_o a_o measure_n of_o

land_n with_o such_o another_o measure_n of_o labour_n forasmuch_o as_o both_o ship_n and_o garment_n be_v the_o creature_n of_o land_n and_o man_n labour_n thereupon_o this_o be_v true_a we_o shall_v be_v glad_a to_o find_v out_o a_o natural_a par_fw-fr between_o land_n and_o labour_n so_o as_o we_o may_v express_v the_o value_n by_o either_o of_o they_o alone_o as_o well_o or_o better_a then_o by_o both_o and_o reduce_v one_o into_o the_o other_o as_o easy_o and_o certain_o as_o we_o reduce_v penny_n into_o pound_n wherefore_o we_o will_v be_v glad_a to_o find_v the_o natural_a value_n of_o the_o fee_n simple_a of_o land_n though_o but_o no_o better_a than_o we_o have_v do_v that_o of_o the_o usus_fw-la fructus_fw-la abovemention_v which_o we_o attempt_v as_o follow_v 19_o have_v find_v the_o rent_n or_o value_n of_o the_o usus_fw-la fructus_fw-la per_fw-la annum_fw-la the_o question_n be_v how_o many_o year_n purchase_v as_o we_o usual_o say_v be_v the_o fee_n simple_a natural_o worth_a if_o we_o say_v a_o infinite_a number_n than_o a_o acre_n of_o land_n will_v be_v equal_a in_o value_n to_o a_o thousand_o acre_n of_o the_o same_o land_n which_o be_v absurd_a a_o infinity_n of_o unite_v be_v equal_a to_o a_o infinity_n of_o thousand_o wherefore_o we_o must_v pitch_v upon_o some_o limit_a number_n and_o that_o i_o apprehend_v to_o be_v the_o number_n of_o year_n which_o i_o conceive_v one_o man_n of_o fifty_o year_n old_a another_o of_o twenty_o eight_o and_o another_o of_o seven_o year_n old_a all_o be_v alive_a together_o may_v be_v think_v to_o live_v that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o a_o grandfather_n father_n and_o child_n few_o man_n have_v reason_n to_o take_v care_n of_o more_o remote_a posterity_n for_o if_o a_o man_n be_v a_o great_a grandfather_n he_o himself_o be_v so_o much_o the_o near_o his_o end_n so_o as_o there_o be_v but_o three_o in_o a_o continual_a line_n of_o descent_n usual_o co-existing_a together_o and_o as_o some_o be_v grandfather_n at_o forty_o year_n yet_o as_o many_o be_v not_o till_o above_o sixty_o and_o sic_fw-la de_fw-la caeteris_fw-la 20._o wherefore_o i_o pitch_v the_o number_n of_o year_n purchase_v that_o any_o land_n be_v natural_o worth_a to_o be_v the_o ordinary_a extent_n of_o three_o such_o person_n their_o life_n now_o in_o england_n we_o esteem_v three_o life_n equal_a to_o one_o and_o twenty_o year_n and_o consequent_o the_o value_n of_o land_n to_o be_v about_o the_o same_o number_n of_o year_n purchase_v possible_o if_o they_o think_v themselves_o mistake_v in_o the_o one_o as_o the_o observator_fw-la on_o the_o bill_n of_o mortality_n think_v they_o be_v they_o will_v alter_v in_o the_o other_o unless_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o force_n of_o popular_a error_n and_o dependence_n of_o thing_n already_o concatenate_v do_v hinder_v they_o 21._o this_o i_o esteem_v to_o be_v the_o number_n of_o year_n purchase_v where_o title_n be_v good_a and_o where_o there_o be_v a_o moral_a certainty_n of_o enjoy_v the_o purchase_n but_o in_o other_o country_n land_n be_v worth_a near_o thirty_o year_n purchase_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o better_a title_n more_o people_n and_o perhaps_o true_a opinion_n of_o the_o value_n and_o duration_n of_o three_o life_n 22._o and_o in_o some_o place_n land_n be_v worth_a yet_o more_o year_n purchase_v by_o reason_n of_o some_o special_a honour_n pleasure_n privilege_n or_o jurisdiction_n annex_v unto_o they_o 23._o on_o the_o other_o hand_n land_n be_v worth_a few_o year_n purchase_v as_o in_o ireland_n for_o the_o follow_a reason_n which_o i_o have_v here_o set_v down_o as_o unto_o the_o like_a whereof_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o like_a cheapness_n in_o any_o other_o place_n may_v be_v impute_v first_o in_o ireland_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o frequent_a rebellion_n in_o which_o if_o you_o be_v conquer_v all_o be_v lose_v or_o if_o you_o conquer_v yet_o you_o be_v subject_a to_o swarm_n of_o thief_n and_o robber_n and_o the_o envy_n which_o precedent_a mission_n of_o english_a have_v against_o the_o subsequent_a perpetuity_n itself_o be_v but_o forty_o year_n long_o as_o within_o which_o time_n some_o ugly_a disturbance_n have_v hitherto_o happen_v almost_o ever_o since_o the_o first_o come_v of_o the_o english_a thither_o 24._o 2._o the_o claim_n upon_o claim_n which_o each_o have_v to_o the_o other_o estate_n and_o the_o facility_n of_o make_v good_a any_o pretence_n whatsoever_o by_o the_o favour_n of_o some_o one_o or_o other_o of_o the_o many_o governor_n and_o minister_n which_o within_o forty_o year_n shall_v be_v in_o power_n there_o as_o also_o by_o the_o frequency_n of_o false_a testimony_n and_o abuse_v of_o solemn_a oath_n 25._o 3._o the_o paucity_n of_o inhabitant_n there_o be_v not_o above_o the_o â…•_n the_o part_v so_o many_o as_o the_o territory_n will_v maintain_v and_o of_o those_o but_o a_o small_a part_n do_v work_n at_o all_o and_o yet_o a_o small_a work_n so_o much_o as_o in_o other_o country_n 26._o 4._o that_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o estate_n both_o real_a and_o personal_a in_o ireland_n be_v own_v by_o absentees_n and_o such_o as_o draw_v over_o the_o profit_v raise_v out_o of_o ireland_n refund_v nothing_o so_o as_o ireland_n export_v more_o than_o it_o import_v do_v yet_o grow_v poor_a to_o a_o paradox_n 27._o 5._o the_o difficulty_n of_o execute_v justice_n so_o many_o of_o those_o in_o power_n be_v themselves_o protect_v by_o office_n and_o protect_a other_o moreover_o the_o number_n of_o criminous_a and_o indebt_v person_n be_v great_a they_o favour_v their_o like_a in_o juries_n office_n and_o wheresoever_o they_o can_v beside_o the_o country_n be_v seldom_o enough_o to_o give_v due_a encouragement_n to_o profound_a judge_n and_o lawyer_n which_o make_v judgement_n very_o casual_a ignorant_a man_n be_v more_o apt_a to_o be_v bold_a and_o arbitrary_a than_o such_o as_o understand_v the_o danger_n of_o it_o but_o all_o this_o with_o a_o little_a care_n in_o due_a season_n may_v remedy_v so_o as_o to_o bring_v ireland_n in_o a_o few_o year_n to_o the_o same_o level_n of_o value_n with_o other_o place_n but_o of_o this_o also_o elsewhere_o more_o at_o large_a for_o in_o the_o next_o place_n we_o shall_v come_v to_o usury_n chap._n v._o of_o usury_n what_o reason_n there_o be_v for_o take_v or_o give_v interest_n or_o usury_n for_o any_o thing_n which_o we_o may_v certain_o have_v again_o whensoever_o we_o call_v for_o it_o i_o see_v not_o nor_o why_o usury_n shall_v be_v scruple_v where_o money_n or_o other_o necessary_n value_v by_o it_o be_v lend_v to_o be_v pay_v at_o such_o a_o time_n and_o place_n as_o the_o borrower_n choose_v so_o as_o the_o lender_n can_v have_v his_o money_n pay_v he_o back_o where_o and_o when_o himself_o please_v i_o also_o see_v not_o wherefore_o when_o a_o man_n give_v out_o his_o money_n upon_o condition_n that_o he_o may_v not_o demand_v it_o back_o until_o a_o certain_a time_n to_o come_v whatsoever_o his_o own_o necessity_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n he_o certain_o may_v take_v a_o compensation_n for_o this_o inconvenience_n which_o he_o admit_v against_o himself_o and_o this_o allowance_n be_v that_o we_o common_o call_v usury_n 2._o and_o when_o one_o man_n furnish_v another_o with_o money_n at_o some_o distant_a place_n and_o engage_v under_o great_a penalty_n to_o pay_v he_o there_o and_o at_o a_o certain_a day_n beside_o the_o consideration_n for_o this_o be_v that_o we_o call_v exchange_n or_o local_a usury_n as_o for_o example_n if_o a_o man_n want_v money_n at_o carlisle_n in_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o late_a civil_a war_n when_o the_o way_n be_v full_a of_o soldier_n and_o robber_n and_o the_o passage_n by_o sea_n very_o long_o troublesome_a and_o dangerous_a and_o seldom_o pass_v why_o may_v not_o another_o take_v much_o more_o than_o a_o 100l_n at_o london_n for_o warrant_v the_o like_a sum_n to_o be_v pay_v at_o carlisle_n on_o a_o certain_a day_n 3._o now_o the_o question_n arise_v hence_o be_v what_o be_v the_o natural_a standard_n of_o usury_n and_o exchange_n as_o for_o usury_n the_o least_o that_o can_v be_v be_v the_o rent_n of_o so_o much_o land_n as_o the_o money_n lend_v will_v buy_v where_o the_o security_n be_v undoubted_a but_o where_o the_o security_n be_v casual_a than_o a_o kind_n of_o insurance_n must_v be_v enterwoven_v with_o the_o simple_a natural_a interest_n which_o may_v advance_v the_o usury_n very_o conscionable_o unto_o any_o height_n below_o the_o principal_n itself_o now_o if_o thing_n be_v so_o in_o england_n that_o real_o there_o be_v no_o such_o security_n as_o abovemention_v but_o that_o all_o be_v more_o or_o less_o hazardous_a troublesome_a or_o chargeable_a to_o make_v i_o see_v no_o reason_n for_o endeavour_v to_o limit_v usury_n upon_o time_n any_o more_o

in_o effect_n but_o at_o half_a the_o usual_a rate_n which_o unto_o they_o that_o want_v such_o commodity_n will_v as_o well_o yield_v the_o full_a so_o that_o abate_v our_o price_n will_v as_o well_o allure_v stranger_n to_o buy_v extraordinary_a proportion_n of_o our_o commodity_n as_o raise_v their_o money_n will_v do_v but_o neither_o that_o nor_o abate_v the_o price_n will_v make_v stranger_n use_v more_o of_o our_o commodity_n then_o they_o want_v for_o although_o the_o first_o year_n they_o shall_v carry_v away_o a_o unuseful_a and_o superfluous_a proportion_n yet_o afterward_o they_o will_v take_v so_o much_o the_o less_o 14._o if_o this_o be_v true_a as_o in_o substance_n it_o be_v why_o then_o have_v so_o many_o wise_a state_n in_o several_a ancient_n as_o well_o as_o modern_a time_n frequent_o practise_v this_o artifice_n as_o a_o mean_n to_o draw_v in_o money_n into_o their_o respective_a dominion_n i_o answer_v that_o something_o be_v to_o be_v attribute_v to_o the_o stupidity_n and_o ignorance_n of_o the_o people_n who_o can_v of_o a_o sudden_a understand_v this_o matter_n for_o i_o find_v many_o man_n wise_a enough_o who_o though_o they_o be_v well_o inform_v that_o raise_n of_o money_n signify_v little_a yet_o can_v sudden_o digest_v it_o as_o for_o example_n a_o unengage_v person_n who_o have_v money_n in_o his_o purse_n in_o england_n and_o shall_v hear_v that_o a_o shilling_n be_v make_v fourteen_o penny_n in_o ireland_n will_v more_o ready_o run_v thither_o to_o buy_v land_n then_o before_o not_o sudden_o apprehend_v that_o for_o the_o same_o land_n which_o he_o may_v have_v buy_v before_o for_o six_o year_n purchase_n he_o shall_v now_o pay_v seven_o nor_o will_v seller_n in_o ireland_n of_o a_o sudden_a apprehend_v cause_n to_o raise_v their_o land_n proportional_o but_o will_v at_o least_o be_v content_v to_o compound_v the_o business_n viz._n to_o sell_v at_o six_o and_o a_o half_a and_o if_o the_o difference_n be_v a_o more_o ragged_a fraction_n man_n under_o a_o long_a time_n will_v not_o apprehend_v it_o nor_o ever_o be_v able_a exact_o to_o govern_v their_o practice_n according_a to_o it_o 15._o second_o although_o i_o apprehend_v little_a real_a difference_n between_o raise_v foreign_a money_n to_o double_a and_o abase_v half_a in_o the_o price_n of_o our_o own_o commodity_n yet_o to_o sell_v they_o on_o on_o a_o tacit_a condition_n to_o be_v pay_v in_o foreign_a present_a money_n shall_v increase_v our_o money_n forasmuch_o as_o between_o raise_v the_o money_n and_o abase_v the_o price_n be_v the_o same_o difference_n as_o between_o sell_v for_o money_n and_o in_o barter_n which_o latter_a be_v the_o dear_a or_o between_o sell_v for_o present_a money_n and_o for_o time_n barter_v resolve_v into_o the_o nature_n of_o uncertain_a time_n 16._o i_o say_v suppose_v english_a cloth_n be_v sell_v at_o six_o shilling_n a_o yard_n and_o french_a canvas_n at_o eighteen_o penny_n the_o ell_n the_o question_n be_v whether_o it_o be_v all_o one_o in_o order_n to_o increase_v money_n in_o england_n to_o raise_v the_o french_a money_n double_a or_o to_o abate_v half_a of_o the_o price_n of_o our_o cloth_n i_o think_v the_o former_a because_o that_o former_a way_n or_o proposition_n carry_v with_o it_o a_o condition_n of_o have_v foreign_a money_n in_o specie_fw-la and_o not_o canvas_n in_o barter_n between_o which_o two_o way_n the_o world_n general_o agree_v there_o be_v a_o difference_n wherefore_o if_o we_o can_v afford_v to_o abate_v half_a our_o price_n but_o will_v not_o do_v it_o but_o for_o our_o neighbour_n money_n than_o we_o gain_v so_o much_o as_o the_o say_a difference_n between_o money_n and_o barter_n amount_v unto_o by_o such_o raise_n of_o our_o neighbour_n money_n 17._o but_o the_o fundamental_a solution_n of_o this_o question_n depend_v upon_o a_o real_a and_o not_o a_o imaginary_a way_n of_o compute_v the_o price_n of_o commodity_n in_o order_n to_o which_o real_a way_n i_o premise_v these_o supposition_n first_o then_o suppose_v there_o be_v in_o a_o territory_n a_o thousand_o people_n let_v these_o people_n be_v suppose_v sufficient_a to_o till_o this_o whole_a territory_n as_o to_o the_o husbandry_n of_o corn_n which_o we_o will_v suppose_v to_o contain_v all_o necessary_n for_o life_n as_o in_o the_o lord_n prayer_n we_o suppose_v the_o word_n bread_n do_v and_o let_v the_o production_n of_o a_o bushel_n of_o this_o corn_n be_v suppose_v of_o equal_a labour_n to_o that_o of_o produce_v a_o ounce_n of_o silver_n suppose_v again_o that_o a_o ten_o part_n of_o this_o land_n and_o ten_o of_o the_o people_n viz._n a_o hundred_o of_o they_o can_v produce_v corn_n enough_o for_o the_o whole_a suppose_v that_o the_o rent_n of_o land_n find_v out_o as_o abovementioned_a be_v a_o four_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a product_n about_o which_o proportion_n it_o real_o be_v as_o we_o may_v perceive_v by_o pay_v a_o four_o sheaf_n instead_o of_o rent_n in_o some_o place_n suppose_v also_o that_o whereas_o but_o a_o hundred_o be_v necessary_a for_o this_o husbandry_n yet_o that_o two_o hundred_o have_v take_v up_o the_o trade_n and_o suppose_v that_o where_o a_o bushel_n of_o corn_n will_v suffice_v yet_o man_n out_o of_o delicacy_n will_v use_v two_o make_v use_n of_o the_o flower_n only_o of_o both_o now_o the_o inference_n from_o hence_o be_v first_o that_o the_o goodness_n or_o badness_n or_o the_o value_n of_o land_n depend_v upon_o the_o great_a or_o lesser_a share_n of_o the_o product_v give_v for_o it_o in_o proportion_n to_o the_o simple_a labour_n bestow_v to_o raise_v the_o say_a product_n second_o that_o the_o proportion_n between_o corn_n and_o silver_n signific_a only_o a_o artificial_a value_n not_o a_o natural_a because_o the_o comparison_n be_v between_o a_o thing_n natural_o useful_a and_o a_o thing_n in_o itself_o unnecessary_a which_o by_o the_o way_n be_v part_n of_o the_o reason_n why_o there_o be_v not_o so_o great_a change_n and_o leap_v in_o the_o pro●●ed_n of_o silver_n as_o of_o other_o commodity_n three_o that_o natural_a dearness_n and_o cheapness_n depend_v upon_o the_o few_o or_o more_o hand_n requisite_a to_o necessary_n of_o nature_n as_o corn_n be_v cheap_a where_o one_o man_n produce_v corn_n for_o ten_o then_o where_o he_o can_v do_v the_o like_o but_o for_o six_o and_o withal_o according_a as_o the_o climate_n dispose_v man_n to_o a_o necessity_n of_o spend_v more_o or_o less_o but_o political_a cheapness_n depend_v upon_o the_o paucity_n of_o supernumerary_a interloper_n into_o any_o trade_n over_o and_o above_o all_o that_o be_v necessary_a viz._n corn_n will_v be_v twice_o as_o dear_o where_o be_v two_o hundred_o husbandman_n to_o do_v the_o same_o work_n which_o a_o hundred_o can_v perform_v the_o proportion_n thereof_o be_v compound_v with_o the_o proportion_n of_o superfluous_a expense_n viz._n if_o to_o the_o cause_n of_o dearness_n abovementioned_a be_v add_v to_o the_o double_a expense_n to_o what_o be_v necessary_a then_o the_o natural_a price_n will_v appear_v quadruple_v and_o this_o quadruple_a price_n be_v the_o true_a political_a price_n compute_v upon_o natural_a ground_n and_o this_o again_o proportion_v to_o the_o common_a artificial_a standard_n silver_n give_v what_o be_v seek_v that_o be_v the_o true_a price_n currant_n 18._o but_o forasmuch_o as_o almost_o all_o commodity_n have_v their_o substitute_n or_o succedanea_n and_o that_o almost_o all_o use_n may_v be_v answer_v several_a way_n and_o for_o that_o novelty_n surprise_n example_n of_o superior_n and_o opinion_n of_o unexaminable_a effect_n do_v add_v or_o take_v away_o from_o the_o price_n of_o thing_n we_o must_v add_v these_o contingent_a cause_n to_o the_o permanent_a cause_n abovemention_v in_o the_o judicious_a foresight_n and_o computation_n whereof_o lie_v the_o excellency_n of_o a_o merchant_n now_o to_o apply_v this_o digression_n i_o say_v that_o to_o increase_v money_n it_o be_v as_o well_o necessary_a to_o know_v how_o to_o abate_v the_o raise_v the_o price_n of_o commodity_n and_o that_o of_o money_n which_o be_v the_o scope_n of_o the_o say_a digression_n 19_o to_o conclude_v this_o whole_a chapter_n we_o say_v that_o raise_v or_o embase_v of_o money_n be_v a_o very_a pitiful_a and_o unequal_a way_n of_o tax_v the_o people_n and_o it_o be_v a_o sign_n that_o the_o state_n sink_v which_o catch_v hold_v on_o such_o weed_n as_o be_v accompany_v with_o the_o dishonour_n of_o impress_v a_o prince_n effigy_n to_o justify_v adulterate_a commodity_n and_o the_o breach_n of_o public_a faith_n such_o as_o be_v the_o call_v a_o thing_n what_o it_o real_o be_v not_o chap._n xv._n of_o excize_n it_o be_v general_o allow_v by_o all_o that_o man_n shall_v contribute_v to_o the_o public_a charge_n but_o according_a to_o the_o share_n and_o interest_n they_o have_v in_o the_o public_a peace_n that_o