Selected quad for the lemma: land_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
land_n	penny_n	pound_n	shilling_n	5,001	5	11.2551	5	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A51598	England's treasure by forraign trade, or, The ballance of our forraign trade is the rule of our treasure written by Thomas Mun ; and now published for the common good by his son John Mun.	Mun, Thomas, 1571-1641.; Mun, John.	1664 (1664)	Wing M3073; ESTC R25740	60,124	235

France Italy and other members of her general trade then will there remain five hundred thousand Ryals of eight cleer gains by the ballance of this trade and this comparison holds between all other Nations both for the manner of getting and the proportion that is yearly gotten But if yet a question should be made whether all Nations get treasure and Spain only lose it I answer no for some Countreys by war or by excess do lose that which they had gotten as well as Spain by war and want of wares doth lose that which was its own CHAP. VII The diversity of gain by Forraign Trade IN the course of forraign trade there are three sorts of gain the first is that of the Commonwealth which may be done when the Merchant who is the principal Agent therein shall lose The second is the gain of the Merchant which he doth sometimes justly and worthily effect although the Common-wealth be a loser The third is the gain of the King whereof he is ever certain even when the Commonwealth and the Merchant shall be both losers Concerning the first of these we have already sufficiently shewed the ways and means whereby a Commonwealth may be enriched in the course of trade whereof it is needless here to make any repetition only I do in this place affirm that such happiness may be in the Commonwealth when the Merchant in his particular shall have no occasion to rejoyce As for example suppose the East-India Company send out one hundred thousand pounds into the East-Indies and receive home for the same the full value of three hundred thousand pounds Hereby it is evident that this part of the Commonwealth is trebled and yet I may boldly say that which I can well prove that the said Company of Merchants shall lose at least fifty thousand pounds by such an adventure if the returns be made in Spice Indico Callicoes Benjamin refined Saltpeter and such other bulkey wares in their several proportions according to their vent and use in these parts of Europe For the fraight of Shipping the ensurance of the adventure the charges of Factors abroad and Officers at home the forbearance of the Stock His Majesties Customs and Imposts with other petty charges incident cannot be less then two hundred and fifty thousand pounds which being added to the principal produceth the said loss And thus we see that not only the Kingdom but also the King by his Customs and Imposts may get notoriously even when the Merchant notwithstanding shall lose grievously which giveth us good occasion here to consider how much more the Realm is enriched by this noble Trade when all things pass so happily that the Merchant is a gainer also with the King and Kingdom In the next place I affirm that a Merchant by his laudable endeavours may both carry out and bring in wares to his advantage by selling them and buying them to good profit which is the end of his labours when nevertheless the Commonwealth shall decline and grow poor by a disorder in the people when through Pride and other Excesses they do consume more forraign wares in value then the wealth of the Kingdom can satisfie and pay by the exportation of our own commodities which is the very quality of an unthrift who spends beyond his means Lastly the King is ever sure to get by trade when both the Commonwealth and Merchant shall lose severally as afore-written or joyntly as it may and doth sometimes happen when at one and the same time our Commodities are over-ballanced by forraign wares consumed and that the Merchants success prove no better than is before declared But here we must not take the Kings gain in this large sense for so we might say that His Majesty should get although half the trade of the Kingdom were lost we will rather suppose that whereas the whole trade of the Realm for Exportations and Importations is now found for to be about the yearly value of four millions and a half of pounds it may be yet increased two hundred thousand pounds per annum more by the importation and consumption of forraign wares By this means we know that the King shall be a gainer near twenty thousand pounds but the Commonwealth shall lose the whole two hundred thousand pounds thus spent in excess And the Merchant may be a loser also when the trade shall in this manner be increased to the profit of the King who notwithstanding shall be sure in the end to have the greatest loss if he prevent not such unthrifty courses as do impoverish his Subjects CHAP. VIII The enhansing or debasing our Moneys cannot enrich the Kingdom with treasure nor hinder the exportation thereof THere are three ways by which the Moneys of a Kingdom are commonly altered The first is when the Coins in their several Denominations are made currant at more or less pounds shillings or pence than formerly The second is when the said Coins are altered in their weight and yet continue currant at the former rates The third is when the Standard is either debased or enriched in the fineness of the Gold and Silver yet the Moneys continue in their former values In all occasions of want or plenty of Money in the Kingdom we do ever find divers men who using their wits for a remedy to supply the first and preserve the last they fall presently upon altering the moneys for say they the raising of the Coins in value will cause it to be brought into the Realm from divers places in hope of the gain and the debasing of the monies in the fineness or weight will keep it here for fear of the loss But these men pleasing themselves with the beginning onely of this weighty business consider not the progress and end thereof whereunto we ought especially to direct our thoughts and endeavoues For we must know that mony is not only the true measure of all our other means in the Kingdom but also of our forraign commerce with strangers which therefore ought to be kept just and constant to avoid those confusions which ever accompany such alterations For first at home if the common measure be changed our Lands Leases wares both forraign and domestique must alter in proportion and although this is not done without much trouble and damage also to some men yet in short time this must necessarily come to pass for that is not the denomination of our pounds shillings and pence which is respected but the intrinsique value of our Coins unto which we have little reason to add any further estimation or worth if it lay in our power to do it for this would be a special service to Spain and an act against our selves to indear the commodity of another Prince Neither can these courses which so much hurt the Subjects any way help the King as some men have imagined for although the debasing or lightning of all our mony should bring a present benefit for once only to the Mint