himself and Family consisting of Eleven in number to this Island of Tobago and suppose their Passage cost him fifty pound and Manuals with other things requisite and necessary for Planting as also Provision for the first Twelve Months together with the Charge of Houshold-stuffs and all other Necessaries may stand him in forty seven pound ten shillings more suppose also this man takes a Lease of fifty Acres of Land for a Thousand Years at the rate of Twelve pence an Acre annually it amounts but to Two pound Ten shillings a Year except otherwise he purchase the Fee simple of the Proprietors which compleats the Hundred pound This is the first Money laid out nor need he be at any more Charge for in twelve Months time he will have Ground-provision enough and in all probability two Crops of Tobacco The next thing to consider of is the Improvement It s Improvement of the said Land which is as followeth After your arrival in the Island of Tobago the first six Months may be spent to clear fifteen Acres of Land and to put Provisns into the Ground to build Conveniencies to accommodate your self and Family to adapt and fit Ground for planting a Nursery of Cacao-Nuts as also a Bed sowed with Tobacco-seeds and be sure to keep your Nursery clear from Weeds then about a Months time after you have sown your Tobacco-seed provided the Season be good you may then draw your Tobacco-Plants and plant them about some four foot distance one from another regularly and in rows which said Tobacco Tobago produces is nothing inferiour to Spanish Trinidado that lies about seven Leagues distance from the said Island of Tobago who sell their Trinidado-Tobacco at the rate of Two Shillings a Pound which said Tobacco the Spaniards transport from thence to Old Spain and sell it there for considerable advantage Now among your Tobacco-Plants you may plant your Cacao and transplant them when about six Months old into new Ground at ten or twelve foot distance and be sure to keep them clear from Weeds in which latter six Months time you may have on your cleared Ground two Crops of Tobacco Now admitting you make but Eight thousand Weight of Neat Tobacco on the said Ground yet in all probability provided your People be healthy it may double the number to Sixteen thousand But if it do not and put the case your Tobacco sell but for an eighth part of what the Spaniards sell for in Trinidado which is but three Pence per Pound sold here in our Island yet will this Crop yield you One hundred Pound sterling which is your Money gained the very first Year and in six Months time all Charges being born Now suppose at the beginning of the second Year the said sixteen Acres be all cleared and Provision enough put into the Ground sufficient for double your number of hands you may rationally then expect four Crops in twelve Months time when as formerly you made two Crops in the last six Months so that with the Hundred Pounds you gained last Year you may now purchase seven or eight Slaves or Servants which may in all probability treble the first Year But put the case it but only double yet at the worst it may yield you and all Charges born Two hundred Pounds sterling Now we cannot otherwise conclude if things succeed well but the third Year will double the second by improvement as is above expressed and if so your Crop will amount to Four hundred Pounds sterling and the fourth Year double the third by reason of the Cacao that was planted the first Year on the fifteen Acres of Land may produce to the value of Thirty Pounds sterling an Acre besides the encrease of Tobacco and clearing of more ground together with your encrease of Servants ana Slaves and planting of more Cacao-Trees which at least will arise to Eight hundred Pounds sterling the fourth Year the fifth Year in all probability doubles the fourth Year the sixth Year you may very well clear Six thousand Pounds sterling and all Charges born by reason the Cacao planted the first Year is now come to perfection and at its full height of bearing which in this Latitude may yield One hundred Pounds sterling an Acre viz. the first fifteen Acres which were planted the first Year and the second years Plants planted the second Year will yield you Sixty Pounds sterling and the third years Plants as by the same Calculation may yield you Thirty Pounds sterling an Acre So that by purchasing the more Servants and Slaves you may if you please decline so much planting of Tobacco as formerly you did The seventh Year you will have all your Land planted with Cacao and that increasing you need not plant above ten or fiften Acres of Tobacco this Year amongst your Cacao but you may plant Provisions amongst them for support and maintenance of your self and Family So that from that Increase of your seventh Year's Crop you may hope and expect by a modest computation to clear from the said fifty Acres of Land at least Five thousand Pounds sterling a Year And now we come to the Reasons for this great Improvement The Reasons for Improvement You must consider that the Spaniards in Trinidado c. give among themselves One hundred Pounds sterling for a Negro-Slave and yet the said Slave will not stand his Master in one single Penny at the Year's end for his purchase and all the labour and service the Spaniard imploys him in the Year about is only in Cacao and Spanish-Tobacco in this our Latitude Now pray consider that we can have Negro-slaves brought and delivered to us at Fifteen Pounds sterling a head by reason we have an open Trade and the Spaniards allows not of a free Trade Where note the Spaniard pays Six-pence or more for every thing he wants when we have the same for a single Penny That 's one Reason The second Reason is The Spaniard cannot have any Tunnage for Goods from Old Spain to the West-Indies and home again for less than Forty or Fifty Pounds sterling per Tun besides the Duties run very high And we can have Freight for Five or Six Pounds per Tun and no Duties from us to a tree Port. When therefore to consider and compute the Charge on either side we profit by what we transport six to one which makes the Spaniard generally so poor in the Indies and we generally to flourish so much the more The third Reason is That in a Ship of Three hundred Tun the Spaniards have seldom less than two hundred Men belonging to her and the Wages each Man comes to at least Fifty Shilling sterling per Month which in the whole amounts to Five hundred Pounds a Month barely for Wages then you are to consider the Monthly Provisions to accommodate these Men cannot come to less than One hundred and fifty Pounds sterling and Ten Months at Six hundred and fifty Pounds per Month amounts to Six
a sort of Ceder-trees Trees which differ from all other in the World in several respects the Wood whereof is very sweet and well sented The English who settled themselves upon this Isle in the Year 1612 are the only Proprietors Proprietors thereof having now established a powerful Colony there wherein are about five thousand Inhabitants The Island is exceeding strong and defended as it were with a kind of natural Fortification being so fenced about with Rocks that without knowledge of the Passages a Boat of ten Tun cannot be brought into the Haven although by the assistance of a skilful Pilot there is entrance for Ships of the greatest burden And besides the natural strength of those Islands the English have since their settling there added such artificial helps and so strongly fortified the approaches by Block-houses and Forts as renders it impregnable In the Year 1616 which is four Years after the first settling there Captain Tucker is sent over with a new Supply whereupon they applied themselves the more earnestly to the planting of Corn Tobacco and other Commodities so that in about three Years those Isles began to gain so much repute in England that the improving them became a publick business many great Lords and Persons of Quality interesting themselves therein as Adventurers whereupon Captain Buttler was dispatched thither with a new Supply of 500 Men about which time the Isle was divided into Tribes or Counties and the whole reduced to a settled Government both in Church and State after which things succeeded so well that it has been ever since growing to greater perfection A DESCRIPTION OF CAROLINA CAROLINA so called from his late Majesty King Charles the Second of eternal Memory is a new Colony not long since settled by the English in that part of Florida adjoyning to Virginia which makes its Northern bounds in the Latitude of thirty six Degrees Situation and extends its self to the Latitude of 29 Degrees which terminates its extream Southern bounds It is on the East washed with the Atlantick Ocean and is bounced on the West by Mare Pacificum of the South-Sea A New Map of CAROLINA By Robt. Morden This Province of Carolina saith he was in the Year 1663. granted by Letters Patents from his late Majesty in propriety to Edward Earl of Clarendon George Duke of Albemarl William Earl of Craven John Lord Berkley Anthony Lord Ashly since Earl of Shaftsbury Sir George Carteret and Sir John Coleton Knights and Baronets and Sir William Berkley Knight By which Letters Patents the Laws of England are always to be in force in Carolina only the Lords Proprietors have power with the consent of the Inhabitants to make such By-laws as may be thought necessary for the better government of the Province So that no Money can be raised or Law made without the consent of the Inhabitants or their Representatives They are likewise thereby indued with a right to appoint and impower Governours and other Magistrates to grant Liberty of Conscience make Constitutions with many other great Priviledges c. as will sufficiently appear by the Letters Patents And the said Lords Proprietors have there settled a Constitution of Government whereby is granted Liberty of Conscience and wherein all possible care is taken for the equal administration of Justice and for the lasting security of the Inhabitants both in their Bodies and Estates And by their Care and Endeavours and at their very great charge two Colonies are likewise settled in that Province one at Albemarl in the most Notherly part and the other at Ashly-River which is in the Latitude of thirty two Degrees and some odd Minutes Albemarl Albemarl which borders upon Virginia only exceeds it in Health Fertility and Mildness of Winter being in the Growths Productions and other things much of the same nature with it and therefore I shall not trouble my self nor the Reader with a particular Description of that part but apply my self principally to discourse of the Colony settled at Ashly-River This Colony was first settled in the Month of April 1670. by the Lords Proprietors who did at their sole charge furnish out three Ships with a considerable number of able Men and eighteen Months Provision together with Cloth Tools Ammunition and whatsoever else was thought necessary for this new Settlement and continued for several years after to supply the place with all things necessary until the Inhabitants were by their own industry able to live of themselves in which condition they have now been for divers years past and are arrived to a very great degree of plenty so that most sorts of Provisions are cheaper there than in any other of the English Colonies Ashly-River Ashly-River about seven Miles from the Sea divides itself into two branches the Southermost still retains the name of Ashly but the North branch is called Cooper-River Upon the Point of Land which divides those two Rivers the Proprietors in the Year 1680. ordered the Port-Town that should serve for them both to be built calling it Charles-Town which is since considerably advanced to the number of near two hundred Houses more being daily raising by persons of all sorts that repair thither from the more Northern English Colonies in the Sugar-Islands besides those that go from England and Ireland many persons who likewise went thither Servants having since their times were out gotten good stocks of Cattel and Servants of their own built themselves Houses and exercise their Trades Many that went thither in that condition being now worth several hundred Pounds living in a very plentiful condition and continually adding to and increasing their Estates so that Land is already become of that value near the Town that it is sold for twenty Shillings per Acre though pillaged of all its valuable Timber and not cleared of the rest And the Land that is cleared and fitted for planting and fenced is let for ten Shillings per Annum the Acre though twenty Miles distance from the Town and six Men will in six Weeks time fell clear fence in and fit it for planting At this Town as soon as its Foundations were well laid there Rode at one time sixteen Sail of Ships some whereof carried above two hundred Tun that came from divers Parts of the King's Dominions to traffick there which great concourse of Shipping will undoubtedly make it a considerable Town of Trade It 's a Country blessed with a temperate and wholsom Air Temperature neither the heat in Summer nor the cold in Winter being the least troublesom or offensive the latter being so exceeding moderate that it doth not so much as check the growth and flourishing of the Trees and Plants which is occasioned either by reason of its having the great Body of the Continent to the Westward of it and by consequence the North-West Wind which always blows contrary to the Sun and is the freezing Wind as the North-East is with us in Europe or else from the
is entertained amongst them that from four Women only all Mankind sprang They divide themselves into the like number of Tribes and have four Burying-places believing it to be a wicked and ominous thing to mingle their Bodies even when dead The Lords Proprietors do immediately grant to all persons that come thither to inhabit the following terms for each Master or Mistress of a Family fifty Acres of Land and for every able Son or Man-servant that they carry or cause to be carried thither fifty Acres more and the like for each Daughter and Woman-Servant that is marriageable and for every Child or Man or Woman-Servant under the Age of Sixteen forty Acres and fifty to each Servant so soon as their Time with their Master is expired which Land is to be enjoyed by them and their heirs for ever upon paying only one penny an Acre as a Quit-Rent to the Lords Proprietors which is not to commence neither till two years after their first taking up their Land And in regard some who have already setled themselves at Carolina and others that intend to go thither are desirous to secure to themselves large convenient Tracts of Land without being compelled to carry over a great number of Servants at one time or being cumbred with the payment of a yearly Rent the Lords Proprietors have been prevailed upon to enter into an agreement to sell Land outright to such who have a mind to buy it at the rate of fifty pounds for a thousand Acres reserving to themselves only a Pepper-corn when demanded The way of a man's taking up Land there Their way of taking up Land due to him either by carrying himself or Servants into the Countrey or by Purchase from the Lords Proprietors is after this manner Having found a place to his Liking which is not already possessed by another he applies himself to the Governor and the Proprietors Deputies to shew what Right he hath to it by Purchase or otherwise who thereupon immediately issue out their Warrant to the General Surveyor to measure them out a Plantation containing such a number of Acres as he hath proved to be his Right which being presently done the Surveyor makes a Certificate that he hath measured out the Land and determined the Bounds of it Whereupon a Deed is prepared and signed by the Governour and the Deputies which being sealed with the Proprietor's Seal and registred is there accounted a good Conveyance in Law the Estate being thereby assured and confirmed to him and his Heirs for ever For the improving whereof he ought to carry with him from England as many Axes Bills broad Hoes and grubbing-Hoes as he designs to have men in his Plantation together with a Saw or two a Set of Wedges Frames and Beetle-rings some reaping-hooks Scythes Hooks Hinges Bolts Locks and Nails of all sorts and if his Stock will reach it such Commodities as are the best Merchandize and will yield him ready Money there which are Linnen and Woollen Cloth and all other Stuffs to make Cloaths with together with Thred Silk Buttons Ribonds Hats Stockings Shoes and the like which go off there at very good rates and for which a man may purchase whatsoever Provision he hath need of Ships are generally going thither at all times of the Year and the Passage of a Man or Woman is generally five pounds The Commodities Commodities which this Countrey produceth for the Profit as well as the subsistence of the Inhabitants are several sorts of Wines five several sorts of Grapes growing naturally there and there is care taken to plant the Rhenish Canary Claret Muscat Madera and Spanish Grapes of all which are already Vineyards compleated and Wine made which proves very good both in colour and taste the Countrey having gentle rising Hills of a fertil sandy Earth proper for the production of Vines and further from the Sea several Gravel-Rocks whereon they naturally grow being indifferent large and luscious in taste so that several French Protestants that inhabit there doubt not but in a little time to produce great quantities of good Wine Oyl Olive which being carried thither from Portugal and Bermudas flourish and increase exceedingly and will in all probability produce as large quantities of Oyl that it will very much conduce to the enriching of the Inhabitants Cotton Indigo Silk Ginger Tobacco Flax Hemp Pitch Tar Jallop Sassaparilla Turmerick Sassafras Snake-root and the like There are in this Countrey several sorts of strange and monstrous Creatures Creatures for an English Gentleman travelling with some Indians they met with a Rattle-Snake two yards and a half long and as big as a mans Arm which by the greatness of its Belly they imagined to be big with young but having killed and opened her they found there only a small Squirrel which she had swallowed whole the Indians affirming that those Serpents use to lie under Trees upon which they see any Squirrels and fixing their Eyes stedfastly upon them the little Creature is so frighted thereby that he falls down and tumbles into the Jaws of his Enemy Travelling through a Wood a Deer seized by a wild Cat crossed their way almost spent with the Burden and Cruelty of his Rider who having fastned upon his Shoulder continued sucking his Blood till the poor Beast fell down under her which one of the Indians perceiving shot an Arrow at the wild Cat which wounding her under the Belly made her leave her Prey which was already slain and run towards them with a fierce and dreadful Look but her wound being mortal her strength and spirits failed before she reached them whereby they escaped her revenge which peradventure otherwise some of them might have felt This Creature is somewhat larger than a Fox of a kind of a reddish gray Colour and in figure every way like an ordinary Cat but exceeding fierce ravenous and so cunning that knowing the Deer upon which they chiefly prey to be two swift for them they lurk upon Branches of Trees and as the Deer walk and feed under them suddenly jump down upon their backs Their Fur is greatly esteemed and their Flesh though as rank as that of a Dog is eaten by the Indians They saw daily great Herds of Red and Fallow Deer Bears Leopards and Wolves but no Lions The Wolves were to exceeding ravenons that they were in great fear lest their Horses should have been devoured for in the night-time they got together in clusters and howled so near them that it was impossible to have saved them had not the Fires which they kept continually burning in the night-time terrified them and frighted them away The Woods were likewise full of Bears Otters and gray Foxes And arriving at length to the Appalatean Mountains which were so high and steep that they were a whole day before they could gain the Top from whence the next Morning they had a beautiful prospect of the Atlantick Ocean which washes the Virginian Shores but to the North and