of_o it_o which_o he_o make_v therefore_o i_o just_o challenge_v rend_v for_o it_o the_o like_a case_n be_v for_o money_n the_o borrower_n have_v the_o use_n of_o it_o and_o though_o the_o money_n be_v not_o the_o worse_o for_o use_v yet_o the_o lender_n be_v the_o worse_o by_o miss_v the_o commodity_n which_o the_o other_o make_v of_o it_o and_o the_o borrower_n be_v better_v by_o the_o employment_n of_o it_o also_o it_o be_v object_v pag._n 148._o that_o money_n be_v void_a of_o all_o immediate_a use_n in_o itself_o to_o the_o possessor_n while_o he_o do_v enjoy_v it_o ans._n so_o it_o be_v with_o land_n which_o immediate_o neither_o clothes_n nor_o feed_v any_o man_n but_o by_o the_o mediation_n of_o tillage_n and_o pasturage_n both_o be_v effect_v and_o though_o no_o man_n immediate_o eat_v or_o wear_v money_n yet_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o it_o food_n and_o raiment_n be_v procure_v another_o objection_n be_v that_o money_n the_o more_o it_o do_v increase_v the_o more_o it_o may_v which_o be_v unnatural_a and_o contrary_a to_o other_o increase_n answ._n it_o be_v so_o in_o other_o sort_n of_o increase_n for_o one_o sheep_n bring_v forth_o a_o lamb_n and_o that_o sheep_n and_o lamb_n in_o time_n bring_v forth_o a_o double_a increase_n which_o multiply_v to_o a_o three_o and_o so_o forward_o so_o one_o hundred_o pound_n bring_v forth_o ten_o pound_n and_o both_o together_o in_o time_n increase_v to_o produce_v eleven_o pound_n the_o only_a difference_n be_v that_o money_n be_v more_o durable_a than_o other_o fruitful_a thing_n which_o by_o course_n of_o nature_n be_v more_o perishable_a of_o the_o ungodliness_n of_o usury_n it_o be_v ungodly_a and_o impious_a against_o the_o first_o table_n because_o it_o depend_v not_o upon_o god_n providence_n but_o be_v assure_v by_o â—onds_n against_o the_o act_n of_o god_n ans._n 1._o dr._n fenton_n forget_v that_o he_o say_v usury_n belong_v to_o the_o second_o table_n why_o be_v it_o here_o make_v a_o breach_n of_o the_o first_o second_o the_o usurer_n security_n be_v to_o arm_v himself_o against_o the_o â—â—dinary_a fraud_n negligency_n or_o other_o folly_n of_o the_o borrower_n if_o by_o the_o hand_n of_o god_n a_o extraordinary_a loss_n do_v happen_v by_o the_o like_a mean_n also_o a_o extraordinary_a gain_n may_v be_v raise_v sometime_o both_o which_o belong_v to_o the_o borrower_n except_o the_o mercy_n of_o the_o lender_n to_o who_o he_o be_v to_o trust_v relieve_v he_o and_o sure_o the_o usurer_n have_v great_a cause_n and_o seem_v also_o to_o trust_v god_n more_o than_o any_o other_o man_n and_o be_v least_o arm_a against_o he_o he_o have_v need_n pray_v against_o foul-weather_n tempest_n wind_n and_o wrack_n for_o although_o he_o be_v no_o husbandman_n merchant_n tradesman_n nor_o labourer_n yet_o by_o the_o thrive_n of_o all_o these_o he_o must_v live_v if_o all_o or_o any_o of_o these_o miscarry_v it_o be_v not_o his_o bond_n many_o time_n which_o help_v he_o neither_o against_o the_o hand_n of_o god_n only_o be_v he_o unarm_v but_o against_o the_o fraud_n of_o man_n many_o time_n his_o security_n can_v defend_v he_o how_o many_o have_v be_v defraud_v of_o their_o principal_a debt_n by_o fraudulent_a deed_n of_o gift_n by_o conceal_v of_o good_n and_o divers_a other_o way_n it_o be_v true_a some_o few_o in_o a_o city_n may_v sometime_o attain_v to_o a_o note_a wealth_n by_o usury_n but_o these_o be_v but_o as_o cypher_n in_o comparison_n of_o hundred_o who_o live_v by_o the_o like_a employment_n of_o money_n do_v scarce_o attain_v to_o a_o moderate_a gain_n whereby_o to_o maintain_v themselves_o in_o their_o first_o condition_n and_o many_o timâ—s_v as_o skilful_a usurer_n as_o the_o best_a what_o by_o the_o loss_n sometime_o of_o interest_n sometime_o of_o principal_a and_o other_o while_n of_o both_o and_o many_o time_n by_o the_o lie_v still_o of_o their_o money_n for_o want_n of_o reasonable_a security_n have_v prove_v in_o the_o end_n perfect_a beggar_n by_o this_o trade_n and_o what_o great_a argument_n can_v there_o be_v of_o the_o hazard_n and_o danger_n of_o money_n that_o be_v lend_v than_o the_o common_a opinion_n of_o the_o world_n which_o esteem_v a_o small_a revenue_n in_o land_n of_o fee_n simple_a more_o safe_a and_o certain_a than_o almost_o a_o double_a increase_n in_o money_n with_o perpetual_a hazard_n and_o for_o this_o cause_n land_n be_v dear_a than_o money_n as_o for_o take_v of_o bond_n for_o payment_n it_o be_v no_o more_o injurious_a to_o the_o providence_n of_o god_n than_o to_o have_v a_o bond_n or_o covenant_n of_o a_o tenant_n for_o the_o payment_n of_o his_o rent_n for_o although_o some_o year_n by_o the_o unseasonablness_n of_o the_o year_n or_o by_o some_o other_o act_n of_o god_n the_o land_n yield_v not_o the_o rent_n contract_v for_o yet_o the_o tenant_n be_v absolute_o bind_v to_o pay_v it_o without_o any_o condition_n of_o gain_v so_o much_o by_o the_o land_n and_o the_o reason_n be_v ground_v upon_o great_a equity_n and_o be_v all_o one_o both_o for_o contract_n of_o land_n and_o money_n to_o be_v absâ—lute_a neither_o god_n nâ—r_n nature_n have_v proportion_v the_o valuation_n of_o land_n commodity_n or_o money_n no_o text_n can_v be_v bring_v to_o prove_v a_o acre_n must_v be_v sell_v at_o such_o a_o price_n or_o a_o commodity_n at_o such_o a_o rate_n the_o worth_n of_o thing_n in_o proportion_n one_o to_o another_o be_v a_o human_a arbitrary_a custom_n ground_v upon_o the_o several_a necessity_n or_o opinion_n of_o each_o particular_a nation_n thus_o the_o common_a estimation_n do_v allow_v land_n good_n and_o money_n take_v with_o all_o casualty_n hazard_n and_o charge_n to_o be_v worth_a one_o year_n with_o another_o about_o a_o certain_a value_n and_o it_o be_v reasonable_a that_o such_o a_o certain_a value_n shall_v be_v contract_v for_o so_o that_o as_o the_o seller_n or_o letter_n be_v not_o to_o participate_v of_o the_o extraordinary_a gain_n that_o may_v be_v raise_v so_o he_o be_v not_o to_o sustain_v the_o loss_n if_o any_o do_v happen_v of_o the_o injustice_n of_o usury_n it_o be_v further_a urge_v pag._n 98._o that_o it_o be_v unjust_a because_o it_o take_v hire_n for_o loan_n and_o sell_v charity_n which_o shall_v be_v free_a so_o that_o thing_n be_v not_o lend_v but_o let_v if_o they_o go_v for_o hire_v ans._n 1._o dr._n fenton_n can_v show_v no_o reason_n why_o money_n may_v not_o be_v let_v as_o well_o as_o lenâ—_n as_o well_o as_o a_o house_n or_o a_o horse_n which_o may_v be_v both_o i_o ought_v in_o great_a necessity_n to_o lend_v free_o to_o the_o poor_a yet_o this_o work_n of_o charity_n do_v not_o hinder_v i_o from_o let_v the_o same_o thing_n where_o there_o be_v not_o the_o like_a necessity_n if_o the_o use_n of_o money_n for_o a_o time_n be_v worth_a money_n in_o buy_v and_o sell_v as_o dr._n â—_z confess_v pag._n 99_o the_o rule_n may_v better_o hold_v in_o let_v which_o be_v no_o work_n of_o charity_n though_o both_o in_o let_v and_o sell_v charity_n be_v to_o guide_v we_o it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o because_o i_o must_v lend_v a_o shilling_n for_o a_o day_n therefore_o i_o may_v not_o lend_v a_o pound_n for_o a_o year_n beside_o even_o in_o let_v for_o hire_n there_o be_v often_o both_o charity_n and_o friendship_n show_v as_o if_o i_o let_v a_o thing_n for_o half_a the_o value_n the_o use_n of_o it_o be_v worth_a to_o one_o who_o other_o dare_v not_o trust_v with_o their_o good_n if_o some_o thing_n which_o be_v spend_v in_o the_o first_o use_n may_v be_v sell_v for_o increase_v why_o may_v not_o other_o thing_n that_o be_v use_v be_v let_v in_o the_o same_o sort_n since_o let_v be_v but_o a_o temporary_a kind_n of_o sell_v and_o sell_v in_o effect_n a_o perpetual_a kind_n of_o let_v if_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v buy_v this_o day_n for_o ten_o pound_n may_v be_v sell_v to_o morrow_n for_o eleven_o pound_n may_v not_o the_o same_o ten_o pound_n which_o by_o buy_v and_o sell_v may_v increase_v in_o one_o day_n to_o thus_o eleven_o pound_n may_v it_o not_o by_o let_v increase_n in_o a_o whole_a year_n to_o as_o much_o nor_o can_v there_o be_v any_o reason_n show_v since_o money_n have_v a_o gainful_a use_n in_o itself_o and_o as_o solomon_n say_v answer_v all_o thing_n why_o i_o may_v not_o as_o well_o let_v a_o hundred_o pound_n in_o money_n as_o a_o hundred-pound_n worth_a of_o cattle_n house_n or_o land_n which_o i_o buy_v with_o my_o money_n and_o because_o they_o often_o tell_v we_o that_o he_o that_o bear_v the_o hazard_n must_v have_v the_o gain_n i_o must_v ask_v what_o they_o will_v say_v to_o a_o lease_n for_o life_n wherein_o both_o party_n hazard_v yet_o but_o one_o gain_n dr._n andrews_n
but_o argue_v rashness_n peremptory_o to_o determine_v there_o be_v no_o doubt_n of_o it_o thereby_o to_o ensnare_v the_o conscience_n of_o the_o simple_a beside_o the_o doubt_v speak_v of_o by_o the_o apostle_n though_o it_o be_v of_o thing_n indifferent_a yet_o former_o before_o the_o come_n of_o christ_n they_o be_v thing_n necessary_o prescribe_v by_o the_o law_n but_o after_o take_v away_o by_o the_o gospel_n so_o that_o to_o doubt_n of_o they_o be_v consequent_o to_o condemn_v the_o gospel_n and_o deny_v the_o faith_n in_o christ_n but_o the_o doubt_n of_o usury_n be_v no_o establishng_v of_o the_o ceremonial_a law_n or_o overthrow_v of_o our_o belief_n and_o faith_n in_o the_o gospel_n neither_o be_v all_o doubtâ—ing_v mean_v but_o such_o only_a as_o overcome_v faith_n for_o there_o be_v no_o faith_n but_o it_o be_v mingle_v with_o some_o doubt_v last_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a that_o faith_n shall_v be_v always_o ground_v upon_o the_o word_n of_o god_n for_o if_o a_o man_n be_v persuade_v of_o any_o thing_n by_o the_o light_n of_o reason_n or_o by_o sense_n he_o be_v just_o say_v to_o believe_v it_o to_o the_o confirmation_n of_o this_o doctrine_n i_o must_v produce_v some_o place_n of_o judicious_a hooker_n the_o will_n of_o god_n say_v he_o by_o which_o we_o be_v to_o judge_v our_o action_n no_o sound_n divine_a in_o the_o world_n ever_o deny_v to_o be_v in_o part_n make_v manifest_a even_o by_o the_o light_n of_o nature_n and_o not_o by_o scripture_n alone_o pag_n â—7_n and_o he_o add_v in_o another_o place_n that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o certain_a belief_n ground_v upon_o other_o assurance_n than_o scripture_n we_o be_v say_v to_o believe_v whatsoever_o we_o be_v certain_o persuade_v of_o whether_o it_o be_v by_o reason_n or_o sense_n pag_n 60._o and_o in_o a_o three_o he_o give_v this_o reason_n it_o â—s_n not_o require_v nor_o can_v be_v exact_v at_o our_o hand_n that_o we_o shall_v yield_v unto_o any_o thing_n other_o assent_n than_o such_o as_o do_v answer_v the_o evidence_n which_o be_v to_o be_v have_v of_o that_o we_o assent_n unto_o for_o which_o cause_n even_o in_o matter_n divine_a concerning_o some_o thing_n we_o may_v lawful_o doubt_v of_o some_o thing_n we_o may_v very_o well_o retain_v aâ—_z opinion_n that_o they_o be_v probable_a and_o not_o unlikely_a to_o be_v true_a then_o be_v our_o conscience_n best_o resolve_v and_o in_o most_o agreeable_a sort_n unto_o god_n and_o nature_n settle_v when_o they_o be_v so_o far_o persuade_v as_o those_o ground_n of_o persuasion_n which_o be_v to_o be_v have_v will_v bear_v which_o thing_n i_o so_o much_o the_o rather_o set_v down_o for_o that_o i_o see_v how_o a_o number_n of_o soul_n be_v for_o want_v of_o right_a information_n in_o this_o point_n oftentimes_o grievous_o vex_v when_o bare_a and_o unbridlâ—d_a conclusion_n be_v put_v into_o their_o mind_n they_o find_v not_o themselves_o to_o have_v thereof_o any_o great_a certainty_n imagine_v this_o proceed_v only_o from_o lack_n of_o faith_n and_o that_o the_o spirit_n of_o god_n do_v not_o work_v in_o they_o as_o it_o do_v in_o true_a believer_n by_o this_o mean_n their_o heart_n be_v much_o trouble_v they_o fall_v into_o anguish_n and_o perplexity_n whereas_o the_o truth_n be_v that_o how_o bold_a and_o confident_a soever_o we_o may_v be_v in_o word_n when_o it_o come_v to_o the_o point_n of_o trial_n such_o as_o the_o evidence_n be_v which_o the_o truth_n have_v either_o in_o itself_o or_o through_o proof_n such_o be_v the_o heart_n assent_v thereto_o neither_o can_v it_o be_v strong_a be_v ground_v as_o it_o shall_v be_v pag._n 73_o 74._o thus_o far_o mr._n hooker_n therefore_o it_o be_v no_o argument_n to_o conclude_v that_o because_o the_o scripture_n do_v not_o allow_v usury_n therefore_o it_o may_v not_o be_v use_v for_o if_o the_o scripture_n do_v not_o absolute_o condemn_v it_o it_o be_v sufficient_a if_o reason_n or_o sense_n do_v guide_v our_o belief_n for_o the_o practice_n of_o it_o i_o leave_v those_o that_o doubt_v to_o consider_v what_o dr._n fenton_n himself_o say_v within_o a_o few_o line_n in_o the_o same_o page_n pag_n 75._o this_o usury_n which_o we_o have_v in_o hand_n be_v no_o principle_n of_o faith_n no_o mystery_n of_o salvation_n to_o be_v apprehend_v in_o the_o simplicity_n of_o belief_n but_o a_o point_n of_o morality_n belong_v to_o the_o second_o table_n and_o so_o determinable_a by_o the_o rule_n of_o equity_n and_o charity_n it_o be_v object_v pag._n 77_o that_o it_o be_v scandalous_a and_o therefore_o unlawful_a aâ—s_fw-la if_o scandal_n be_v take_v and_o not_o give_v it_o be_v not_o in_o itself_o unlawful_a still_o he_o fly_v from_o the_o question_n of_o the_o unnaturalness_n of_o usury_n a_o four_o reason_n of_o dr._n fenton_n be_v p._n 91._o that_o the_o increase_n of_o money_n be_v unnatural_a therefore_o unlawful_a ans._n this_o be_v no_o argument_n of_o divinity_n from_o scripture_n but_o of_o philosophy_n from_o aristotle_n second_o if_o it_o be_v of_o force_n it_o serve_v only_o against_o usury_n of_o money_n but_o not_o of_o all_o other_o thing_n three_o it_o be_v confess_v that_o money_n consider_v as_o it_o be_v a_o metal_n be_v not_o perhaps_o by_o nature_n apt_a to_o generation_n and_o increase_n and_o yet_o even_o that_o may_v be_v doubt_v of_o but_o money_n consider_v as_o it_o be_v money_n which_o be_v not_o nature_n have_v produce_v may_v be_v allow_v a_o artificial_a increase_n or_o gain_v as_o well_o as_o house_n ship_n and_o many_o other_o thing_n not_o natural_a policy_n have_v ordain_v the_o value_n of_o metal_n to_o be_v the_o common_a rule_n and_o measure_n for_o the_o worth_n of_o all_o thing_n vendible_a and_o by_o common_a estimation_n it_o be_v account_v in_o the_o place_n and_o stead_n of_o such_o thing_n so_o that_o in_o opinion_n and_o use_n money_n be_v both_o land_n house_n horse_n corn_n or_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v value_v by_o it_o even_o man_n himself_o who_o in_o worth_n exceed_v all_o other_o creature_n be_v by_o god_n own_o valuation_n prize_v at_o a_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n and_o fifty_o shekel_n of_o silver_n be_v accept_v by_o god_n in_o the_o place_n and_o stead_n of_o a_o man_n who_o by_o vow_n belong_v unto_o he_o leviticus_n 27.3_o it_o be_v then_o so_o apparent_a that_o money_n be_v by_o art_n take_v and_o use_v for_o all_o thing_n valuable_a both_o by_o man_n and_o god_n himself_o who_o have_v his_o peculiar_a coin_n the_o shekel_n of_o the_o sanctuary_n for_o all_o sacred_a use_n exodus_fw-la 30.13_o it_o follow_v in_o all_o reason_n that_o since_o the_o nature_n of_o most_o thing_n that_o be_v value_v and_o sell_v be_v to_o bring_v forth_o a_o increase_n that_o money_n itself_o also_o which_o be_v esteem_v for_o they_o shall_v do_v the_o like_a or_o else_o art_n be_v frustrate_v of_o her_o intention_n who_o find_v out_o the_o use_n of_o money_n only_o for_o the_o ease_n and_o benefit_n of_o trade_n which_o prove_v to_o be_v a_o discommodity_n if_o the_o benefit_n of_o increase_n be_v lose_v by_o the_o conversion_n into_o money_n it_o be_v further_a object_v by_o dr._n fenton_n that_o money_n may_v not_o be_v let_v for_o hire_n as_o a_o horse_n a_o hâ—use_n or_o 〈◊〉_d because_o these_o thing_n be_v the_o wâ—rse_n for_o let_v â—nsw_o what_o think_v hâ—_z may_v aâ—_n man_n take_v hire_v for_o a_o house_n when_o he_o bind_v the_o lessee_n to_o leave_v it_o in_o as_o good_a repair_n as_o he_o find_v it_o many_o time_n a_o horse_n by_o a_o moderate_a journey_n after_o long_a rest_n be_v the_o better_a whether_o may_v the_o letter_n take_v money_n for_o his_o hire_n if_o this_o argument_n be_v sound_a that_o no_o hire_n ought_v to_o be_v take_v but_o where_o the_o thing_n be_v the_o worse_a for_o use_v than_o i_o believe_v all_o the_o rent_n that_o have_v be_v pay_v for_o land_n since_o nâ—â—hâ—_n flood_n have_v be_v unjust_o take_v for_o it_o will_v hardly_o appear_v that_o any_o acre_n of_o land_n be_v worse_a now_o than_o in_o his_o day_n since_o many_o acre_n be_v better_v by_o tillage_n and_o manure_v which_o by_o lie_v waste_n be_v hurt_v and_o house_n also_o decay_v most_o for_o want_n of_o inhabit_v the_o true_a rule_n of_o let_v be_v not_o only_o the_o lender_n loss_n in_o the_o impair_n of_o the_o thing_n lend_v but_o the_o borrower_n gain_v by_o the_o use_n of_o it_o and_o we_o must_v consider_v as_o well_o what_o the_o owner_n be_v the_o worse_o by_o the_o want_n of_o that_o use_n as_o what_o the_o thing_n lend_v be_v impair_v if_o another_o use_v my_o land_n though_o it_o be_v not_o the_o worse_o yet_o he_o be_v the_o better_a by_o have_v the_o crop_n of_o it_o and_o i_o be_o the_o worse_a by_o want_v that_o benefit_n
by_o his_o bargain_n for_o example_n admit_v land_n be_v buy_v and_o sell_v for_o sixteen_o year_n purchase_n and_o let_v the_o inheritance_n of_o the_o land_n be_v make_v away_o for_o so_o little_a a_o sum_n as_o the_o land_n will_v bring_v home_o in_o sixteen_o year_n what_o conscience_n be_v there_o to_o keep_v that_o for_o ever_o which_o in_o so_o short_a a_o time_n pay_v the_o purchaser_n his_o principal_a there_o can_v be_v no_o other_o reason_n yield_v for_o this_o great_a disproportion_n but_o this_o that_o both_o the_o purchaser_n and_o seller_n do_v equal_o value_v the_o use_n of_o the_o money_n and_o do_v make_v the_o bargain_n according_o the_o purchase-money_n consider_v with_o the_o use_n of_o it_o will_v last_v about_o a_o thousand_o year_n in_o pay_v yearly_a so_o much_o as_o the_o rent_n of_o the_o land_n be_v therefore_o the_o purchaser_n expect_v to_o enjoy_v and_o the_o seller_n intend_v to_o part_n with_o the_o land_n for_o ever_o because_o the_o inheritance_n of_o the_o land_n after_o a_o thousand_o year_n be_v not_o valuable_a for_o that_o ordinary_o within_o four_o or_o five_o hundred_o year_n the_o possession_n of_o the_o ancient_a family_n come_v to_o a_o period_n or_o decay_v in_o like_a manner_n a_o annuity_n for_o life_n be_v buy_v for_o nine_o year_n purchase_n not_o because_o a_o man_n life_n be_v ordinary_o take_v to_o last_v but_o nine_o year_n but_o because_o the_o money_n with_o the_o use_n will_v last_v almost_o twice_o nine_o year_n in_o pay_v the_o annuity_n so_o that_o if_o the_o purchaser_n of_o the_o annuity_n die_v within_o eighteen_o year_n the_o grantor_n may_v be_v a_o gainer_n or_o at_o the_o least_o a_o saver_n by_o the_o bargain_n but_o if_o he_o live_v above_o eighteen_o year_n the_o grantor_n must_v be_v at_o loss_n this_o casuality_n of_o a_o lease_n for_o life_n wherein_o the_o buyer_n hope_v by_o his_o own_o life_n to_o be_v a_o gainer_n and_o the_o seller_n hope_v by_o the_o death_n of_o the_o buyer_n to_o be_v a_o gainer_n have_v make_v some_o man_n if_o we_o will_v believe_v thomas_n aquinas_n to_o think_v that_o a_o lease_n for_o life_n be_v the_o worst_a kind_n or_o double_a usury_n because_o there_o be_v a_o usurious_a intention_n on_o both_o side_n as_o well_o in_o the_o grantor_n as_o in_o the_o grantee_n to_o gain_v if_o many_o man_n who_o be_v fit_a for_o calling_n live_v idle_o on_o usury_n they_o sin_n but_o no_o otherwise_o than_o those_o that_o let_v their_o land_n they_o may_v and_o aught_o to_o serve_v god_n and_o their_o country_n in_o some_o call_v if_o they_o do_v not_o it_o be_v no_o fault_n of_o usury_n but_o a_o abuse_n of_o it_o neither_o let_v any_o man_n fear_v that_o usury_n will_v bring_v idleness_n in_o the_o world_n for_o if_o all_o man_n be_v idle_a there_o can_v be_v no_o usury_n it_o be_v the_o usury-employment_n of_o man_n by_o their_o trade_n that_o make_v the_o use_n of_o money_n to_o be_v at_o so_o high_a a_o value_n and_o many_o must_v be_v idle_a if_o they_o borrow_v not_o a_o stock_n to_o set_v they_o on_o work_n of_o the_o vncharitableness_n of_o usury_n in_o the_o last_o chapter_n of_o dr._n fenton_n his_o second_o book_n i_o do_v expect_v some_o extraordinary_a argument_n against_o usury_n because_o it_o treat_v of_o the_o breach_n of_o charity_n by_o usury_n and_o the_o opposition_n between_o they_o i_o do_v long_o to_o see_v it_o prove_v but_o now_o i_o be_o come_v to_o it_o i_o find_v it_o the_o short_a chapter_n in_o his_o book_n both_o in_o quantity_n and_o proof_n the_o little_a that_o he_o say_v be_v in_o effect_n that_o usurer_n be_v common_o uncharitable_a pag._n 106._o answ._n i_o do_v expect_v to_o have_v iâ—_z prove_v that_o all_o usury_n be_v in_o it_o selâ—_z uncharitable_a and_o he_o tell_v uâ—_z that_o all_o usurer_n be_v so_o it_o be_v the_o fault_n of_o the_o man_n and_o not_o of_o the_o thing_n thrift_n which_o of_o itself_o be_v a_o virtue_n be_v abuse_v be_v the_o hindrance_n of_o charity_n and_o yet_o thrift_n be_v no_o breach_n of_o charity_n a_o thrifty_a man_n and_o a_o usurer_n may_v be_v merciful_a to_o the_o poor_a because_o they_o be_v many_o time_n better_o able_a than_o other_o if_o usury_n of_o itself_o be_v a_o breach_n of_o charity_n than_o not_o to_o lend_v to_o usury_n be_v a_o act_n of_o charity_n which_o be_v but_o a_o mere_a privation_n and_o no_o act_n at_o all_o the_o reason_n why_o usurer_n be_v common_o find_v merciless_a be_v for_o that_o in_o many_o man_n covetousness_n make_v they_o usurer_n and_o not_o usury_n bring_v they_o to_o be_v covetous_a many_o usurer_n be_v find_v well-disposed_a to_o charity_n and_o give_v twice_o as_o much_o to_o charitable_a use_n as_o those_o that_o have_v twice_o their_o estate_n in_o land_n and_o be_v no_o usurer_n since_o then_o all_o usurer_n be_v not_o uncharitable_a and_o those_o that_o be_v be_v find_v and_o not_o make_v such_o by_o usury_n it_o be_v but_o small_a charity_n to_o say_v that_o usury_n of_o itself_o be_v the_o breach_n of_o charity_n finis_fw-la a_o rom._n 1.32_o b_o levit._n 25._o â—_z c_o numb._n 35.11_o deut._n 19.3_o d_o deut._n 15.1_o 2._o e_o â—xâ—d_fw-mi 22.21.23.9_o f_o de_fw-la usuris_fw-la leg._n 1._o cod._n theod._n l._n 2._o g_o 〈◊〉_d ad_fw-la noâ—el_n 2._o c._n 4._o â—d_fw-mi verbum_fw-la centesima_fw-la h_o gloss._n in_o cod._n de_fw-fr usuris_fw-la leg._n 26._o ad_fw-la verb_n tertiam_fw-la pattem_v and_o ad_fw-la leg._n 28_o in_fw-la principio_fw-la i_o dist._n 47._o c._n 2._o verb_n centesima_fw-la k_o epist._n 2._o in_o fine_a l_o satyr_n 3._o lib._n 3._o m_o budaeus_fw-la de_fw-la ass_n l._n 1._o n_o de_fw-la usuris_fw-la câ—d_fw-mi theo._n l._n leg._n 2._o o_o cyprian_n de_fw-fr lapsis_fw-la annâ—tat_fw-la pamel_n 23._o cap._n 4._o p_o conc._n general_n edit._n rome_n 1608._o p._n 23_o q_o neque_fw-la in_fw-la ulla_fw-la lege_fw-la praeteritum_fw-la tempus_fw-la reprehenditur_fw-la nisi_fw-la ejus_fw-la rei_fw-la quae_fw-la sua_fw-la sponte_fw-la scelerata_fw-la ac_fw-la neâ—aria_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la etiam_fw-la si_fw-la lex_fw-la non_fw-la esset_fw-la magnopere_fw-la vitanda_fw-la foret_fw-la cicero_n lib._n 3._o in_fw-la verrem_fw-la n._n 76._o p._n 75._o edit._n rob._n stephani_n 1339._o r_o conâ—_z carthag_fw-mi 1._o cap._n 13._o arelaten_n 1_o c._n 12._o arel_n 11._o c._n 14._o s_o de_fw-la uâ—urâ—s_fw-la leg._n 26._o 〈◊〉_d just_a t_o ibid._n leg._n 28._o u_o de_fw-la vita_fw-la constantini_n l._n 1._o c._n 26._o x_o de_fw-la exactionibus_fw-la leg._n 3._o lib._n 11._o cod._n theod._n y_o concil._n general_a p._n 45._o b._n tom_n 3._o edit._n rom._n 1612_o act._n 4._o sext._n synod_n z_o ibid._n p._n 58._o eprope_fw-la finem_fw-la actionis_fw-la 4_o a_o magn._n and_o ludâ—vic_n pij_fw-la capit_fw-la lib._n 5._o cap._n 36._o lib._n 1._o c._n 5.38.130_o etc._n etc._n b_o can._n apost._n cap._n 44._o at_o post_n gratian_n cap._n 43._o c_o leo_n epist._n â—_z cap._n 3._o p._n 5._o d_o hist._n bologn_n da_fw-mi ghirardacci_fw-la lib._n 3._o e_o burch_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 129._o ivo_n par_fw-fr 6._o cap._n 196._o and_o par_fw-la 13._o in_fw-la principio_fw-la gratian_n diâ—t_fw-la 47._o caus._n 14._o q._n 2._o f_o decretal_a lib._n 5._o tit._n 19_o in_fw-la sexto_fw-la lib._n 5._o tit._n 5._o clement_n lib._n 5._o tit._n 5._o etc._n etc._n g_o hieron_n de_fw-fr ceval_n de_fw-fr cognition_fw-la per_fw-la viam_fw-la violentiae_fw-la par_fw-la 2._o q._n 96._o *_o a_o mountain_n of_o piety_n be_v a_o stock_n of_o money_n raiâ—ed_v by_o the_o charity_n of_o good_a people_n who_o observe_v the_o poor_a ruin_v by_o the_o usury_n of_o jew_n do_v voluntary_o contribute_v good_a store_n of_o treasure_n to_o be_v preserve_v and_o lend_v unto_o they_o whereby_o they_o upon_o security_n may_v have_v money_n at_o a_o low_a rate_n to_o relieve_v their_o want_n which_o because_o the_o mass_n be_v great_a and_o the_o thing_n pious_a and_o charitable_a in_o itself_o be_v call_v a_o mountain_n of_o piety_n but_o in_o respect_n the_o officer_n and_o other_o charge_n incident_a unto_o it_o can_v be_v have_v without_o some_o emolument_n therefore_o the_o borrower_n pay_v somewhat_o by_o the_o month_n for_o the_o lone_a of_o that_o he_o receive_v cajet._n opusc._n de_fw-fr monte_fw-la pietat_fw-la cap._n 1._o there_o be_v another_o sort_n which_o be_v when_o a_o prince_n or_o state_n have_v need_n of_o a_o good_a quantity_n of_o money_n and_o do_v for_o his_o supply_n either_o impose_v a_o lone_a upon_o particular_a man_n or_o voluntary_o receive_v a_o good_a sum_n from_o they_o and_o for_o their_o security_n assign_v of_o his_o revenue_n 5.6.7_o or_o 8._o per_fw-la cent_n this_o disser_n from_o use-money_n with_o we_o in_o that_o the_o lender_n can_v at_o his_o will_n call_v it_o in_o or_o make_v use_n of_o the_o money_n itself_o otherwise_o than_o by_o transfer_v his_o right_a in_o the_o bank_n to_o another_o only_o the_o prince_n at_o his_o pleasure_n may_v by_o pay_v all_o in_o dissolve_v the_o bank_n antonin_n par_fw-fr 2._o tit._n 1._o cap._n 11._o in_fw-la principio_fw-la and_o there_o want_v not_o learned_a man_n which_o hold_v both_o these_o way_n of_o receve_v increase_n to_o be_v usurious_a and_o likewise_o that_o defend_v the_o contrary_a that_o neither_o of_o they_o be_v see_v matheo_n villani_n lib._n 3._o cap._n 106._o h_o in_fw-la sexto_fw-la de_fw-la vâ—uris_fw-la c._n 8._o â—_z de_fw-fr quaestioniâ—us_fw-la i_o in_o clement_n de_fw-fr usuris_fw-la cap._n unico_fw-la and_o giovan._n villani_n lib._n 12._o c._n 57_o k_o giovan._n villani_n ib._n l_o ludovi_n a_o paramo_n de_fw-fr origine_fw-la inquisit_a lib._n 2._o c._n n._n 36._o m_o tattato_fw-it dâ—_z inquisitione_fw-la c._n 23.30_o 31._o n_o epist._n constant._n apud_fw-la socr._n lib._n 1._o c._n 6_o and_o apud_fw-la theâ—d_fw-mi lib._n 1._o hist._n cap._n 10._o o_o beda_n l._n lib._n 4._o c._n 17._o p_o c._n 17._o p._n 299._o concil._n speâ—â—n_n q_o cap._n 37._o leg._n ed._n p._n 151._o r_o cook_n instit._n 3._o c._n 74._o p._n 163._o s_o sim._n dunelm_n an._n 1126._o col._n 254_o 19_o at_o contuat_fw-la florent_fw-la wigorn_n ano_fw-la 1125._o p._n 501._o t_o apud_fw-la richard_n hagulstad_fw-es p._n 327.66_o u_o de_fw-la pig_n noribus_fw-la c_n unico_fw-la verbo_fw-la usuâ—a_n fol._n 81._o a._n x_o 2_o tim._n 2.4_o y_o 1_o tim._n 3.8_o z_o cas._n conscien_fw-fr c._n 20._o n._n 29._o p._n 418._o a_o epist._n 383._o b_o enchirid_n c._n 69._o to_o 3._o c_o cham._n de_fw-fr caâ—â—ne_n to_o 1._o lib._n 12._o c._n 1._o n._n 3â—_z p._n 424._o d_o f_o 〈…〉_z citatur_fw-la aâ—ud_a antâ—â—â—n_n par_fw-fr 2._o 〈◊〉_d sect._n 〈◊〉_d g_o s._n aug._n retract_v 2_o cap._n 13._o
and_o contract_n which_o be_v ground_v only_o upon_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o nationâ—_n and_o many_o case_n there_o be_v which_o be_v confess_v by_o all_o to_o be_v no_o apparent_a breach_n of_o charity_n nor_o any_o injustice_n find_v in_o they_o insomuch_o that_o dr._n downam_n be_v bring_v thereby_o to_o such_o a_o straight_o as_o he_o be_v force_v to_o maintain_v that_o there_o be_v other_o respect_n which_o make_v usury_n unlawful_a beside_o the_o hurt_v of_o our_o neighbour_n p._n 44._o and_o 125._o but_o if_o charity_n be_v the_o fulfil_n of_o the_o whole_a law_n i_o will_v give_v they_o leave_v to_o talk_v their_o fill_n yet_o i_o can_v believe_v how_o usury_n can_v be_v a_o sin_n if_o it_o hurt_v not_o my_o neighbour_n their_o pretence_n of_o the_o oppression_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n by_o take_v usury_n of_o the_o rich_a be_v but_o a_o mere_a sanctuary_n of_o ignorance_n and_o a_o fiction_n which_o can_v never_o be_v prove_v since_o it_o be_v practise_v in_o the_o rich_a commonwealth_n whether_o the_o law_n of_o usury_n be_v judicial_a to_o prove_v the_o law_n against_o usury_n to_o be_v moral_a and_o not_o judicial_a dr._n downam_n produce_v a_o main_a argument_n which_o be_v not_o in_o dr._n f._n his_o word_n be_v the_o law_n which_o command_v free_a lend_n be_v not_o judicial_a but_o moral_a for_o the_o same_o law_n which_o command_v the_o affirmative_a forbid_v the_o negative_a ans._n 1._o dr._n downam_n mistake_v in_o think_v free_a lend_v and_o lend_v for_o gain_v to_o be_v term_n of_o affirmation_n and_o negation_n lend_v and_o not_o lend_v which_o be_v contradictory_o oppose_v be_v only_o affirmative_a and_o negative_a term_n lend_v free_o or_o for_o gain_n be_v only_o several_a sort_n of_o lend_v and_o differ_v in_o quality_n and_o though_o their_o quality_n differ_v yet_o they_o be_v both_o positive_a and_o affirmative_a for_o it_o be_v a_o axiom_n câ—ntrarioâ—um_fw-la utrumque_fw-la membrum_fw-la 〈…〉_z vuâ—_n in_o contradiction_n and_o privation_n one_o term_n be_v always_o negative_a but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o in_o contrary_n second_o let_v i_o retort_v dr._n dâ—wnams_n argument_n in_o a_o strong_a case_n the_o law_n which_o 〈◊〉_d rest_v on_o the_o sabbath_n be_v not_o judicial_a but_o moral_a therefore_o the_o law_n which_o forbid_v kindle_v a_o fire_n on_o the_o sabbath_n day_n be_v moral_a for_o the_o law_n which_o command_v the_o affirmative_a forbid_v the_o negative_a what_o will_v dr._n dâ—w_o answer_v to_o this_o his_o own_o argument_n here_o be_v affirmation_n and_o negation_n rest_a and_o not_o rest_a in_o the_o kindle_n of_o a_o fire_n not_o contrary_n only_o but_o contradictory_n yet_o i_o presume_v dr._n downam_n will_v not_o conclude_v that_o kindle_v a_o fire_n on_o the_o sabbath_n day_n be_v a_o breach_n of_o the_o moral_a law_n dr._n fenton_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o if_o god_n do_v forbid_v bite_v and_o opprâ—ssing_v usury_n only_o by_o his_o law_n that_o thâ—n_n the_o law_n must_v needs_o be_v moral_a and_o not_o judicial_a except_o we_o will_v give_v liberty_n to_o christian_n to_o oppress_v and_o bite_v their_o brethren_n pag._n 44._o the_o answer_n be_v the_o equity_n of_o the_o law_n be_v still_o in_o force_n the_o rigour_n of_o it_o be_v abrogate_a or_o thus_o the_o poor_a shall_v not_o be_v oppress_v be_v moral_a that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v oppress_v by_o usury_n be_v judicial_a to_o make_v the_o meaning_n of_o this_o distinction_n clear_a we_o must_v know_v that_o all_o judicial_a law_n be_v make_v for_o the_o hedge_n in_o or_o enclose_v of_o the_o moral_a law_n and_o whereas_o the_o moral_a law_n be_v deliver_v either_o in_o general_n affirmative_a commandment_n or_o negative_a prohibition_n the_o judicial_a come_v after_o and_o give_v some_o particular_a politic_a direction_n in_o the_o observation_n of_o they_o for_o example_n the_o moral_a law_n say_v in_o general_a â—hou_fw-mi shall_v sanctify_v the_o sabbath_n than_o come_v the_o judicial_a and_o say_v you_o shall_v kindle_v no_o fire_n throughâ—ut_o your_o habitation_n upon_o the_o sabbath_n day_n exod_n 35.3_o so_o the_o moral_a law_n tell_v we_o thou_o shall_v not_o steal_v the_o judicial_a add_v if_o a_o man_n steal_v a_o ox_n or_o a_o sheep_n he_o shall_v pay_v five_o or_o four_o sell_v for_o it_o and_o in_o most_o case_n but_o double_a exod_n 22.1.4_o so_o then_o there_o be_v a_o general_a equity_n in_o all_o judicial_n which_o be_v moral_a and_o eternal_a there_o be_v a_o law_n levit._n 25.23_o the_o land_n shall_v not_o be_v sell_v for_o ever_o whereby_o sell_v of_o inheritance_n be_v forbid_v and_o this_o law_n do_v bind_v 〈◊〉_d 1_o king_n 21.3_o that_o he_o will_v not_o â—ell_v his_o inheritance_n to_o king_n ahab_n the_o equity_n of_o this_o law_n which_o bind_v all_o man_n even_a infidel_n to_o preserve_v or_o procure_v a_o inheritance_n or_o estate_n for_o their_o posterity_n remain_v still_o in_o force_n yet_o absolute_o not_o to_o sell_v any_o land_n be_v esteem_v no_o otherwise_o than_o a_o judicial_a law_n fit_v for_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o the_o jew_n so_o the_o perpetual_a equity_n of_o sanctify_v the_o sabbath_n and_o of_o not_o steal_v abide_v although_o the_o kindle_n of_o a_o fire_n on_o that_o day_n be_v now_o arbitrary_a and_o the_o compensation_n of_o steal_v be_v leave_v to_o the_o positive_a law_n of_o each_o nation_n the_o same_o law_n that_o forbid_v we_o to_o steal_v bid_v we_o to_o relieve_v the_o poor_a and_o so_o do_v the_o equity_n of_o the_o law_n of_o usury_n it_o be_v sufficient_a that_o the_o general_a equity_n of_o this_o law_n be_v observe_v and_o the_o poor_a relieve_v but_o that_o in_o particular_a they_o must_v be_v relieve_v by_o the_o not_o take_v usury_n of_o they_o be_v not_o necessary_a it_o be_v a_o sin_n in_o any_o jew_n to_o take_v usury_n of_o his_o poor_a although_o he_o do_v relieve_v he_o otherways_o because_o god_n do_v restrain_v he_o to_o that_o particular_a manner_n of_o relieve_v the_o poor_a but_o with_o we_o it_o be_v otherwise_o if_o by_o any_o other_o mean_n we_o do_v sufficient_o relieve_v the_o poor_a then_o even_o the_o take_n of_o vâ—ury_n of_o they_o be_v no_o sin_n nor_o oppression_n concerning_o the_o judicial_n of_o moses_n we_o must_v also_o observe_v that_o they_o be_v not_o so_o particular_a but_o that_o many_o thing_n be_v lest_o to_o the_o ordinance_n of_o the_o magistrate_n or_o high_a priest_n and_o human_a ordinance_n as_o mr._n hooker_n do_v observe_v be_v many_o time_n presuppâ—sed_v as_o ground_n in_o the_o statute_n of_o god_n deut._n 24.10_o there_o be_v a_o judicial_a law_n which_o order_v only_o the_o manner_n how_o a_o pledge_n must_v be_v take_v this_o necessary_o do_v presuppose_v some_o former_a human_a law_n that_o do_v order_v that_o pledge_n may_v be_v take_v even_o that_o ill_a law_n or_o custom_n of_o divorce_n deut._n 24.1_o be_v regulate_v by_o a_o judicial_a law_n that_o it_o may_v thereby_o be_v make_v less_o hurtful_a the_o reason_n why_o i_o note_v these_o thing_n be_v because_o the_o law_n of_o god_n concerning_o usury_n do_v presuppose_v and_o be_v ground_v on_o a_o former_a law_n or_o custom_n of_o the_o jew_n which_o be_v then_o iâ—â—ase_a and_o practice_n and_o the_o specialâ—_z caution_n for_o the_o poor_a may_v leave_v the_o rich_a to_o the_o custom_n and_o law_n of_o the_o magistrate_n which_o do_v always_o regulate_v all_o sort_n of_o contract_n and_o whereas_o the_o law_n of_o moses_n do_v allow_v usury_n only_o to_o stranger_n it_o do_v not_o follow_v but_o that_o other_o that_o be_v neither_o poor_a nor_o stranger_n be_v leave_v to_o the_o ordinary_a law_n of_o the_o country_n no_o magistrate_n can_v give_v a_o dispensation_n for_o usury_n towards_o the_o poor_a nor_o a_o prohibition_n for_o it_o towards_o stranger_n so_o much_o as_o god_n order_v no_o human_a law_n may_v alter_v as_o for_o other_o case_n not_o specify_v they_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o ordinary_a policy_n of_o the_o state_n for_o we_o must_v not_o think_v that_o god_n provide_v all_o the_o civil_a law_n of_o israel_n his_o especial_a care_n be_v to_o ordain_v law_n for_o the_o reformation_n of_o such_o sin_n as_o have_v be_v learn_v by_o his_o people_n of_o the_o egyptian_n or_o for_o the_o prevention_n of_o such_o as_o may_v be_v teach_v they_o by_o the_o canaanite_n i_o know_v that_o dr._n fenton_n do_v infer_v that_o the_o law_n which_o prohibit_v usury_n be_v moralâ—_z pag._n 45._o because_o the_o allowance_n of_o it_o to_o stranger_n be_v only_o a_o judicial_a for_o unless_o it_o have_v be_v a_o sin_n what_o need_v a_o toleration_n since_o lawful_a thing_n have_v no_o need_n of_o a_o permission_n ans._n 1._o if_o the_o allow_n of_o usury_n to_o stranger_n be_v no_o law_n at_o all_o but_o only_o a_o exception_n or_o proviso_n