a_o lamb_n and_o that_o sheep_n and_o lamb_n in_o time_n bring_v forth_o a_o double_a increase_n which_o multiply_v to_o a_o three_o and_o so_o forward_o so_o one_o hundred_o pound_n bring_v forth_o ten_o pound_n and_o both_o together_o in_o time_n increase_v to_o produce_v eleven_o pound_n the_o only_a difference_n be_v that_o money_n be_v more_o durable_a than_o other_o fruitful_a thing_n which_o by_o course_n of_o nature_n be_v more_o perishable_a 8._o of_o the_o ungodliness_n of_o usury_n it_o be_v ungodly_a and_o impious_a against_o the_o first_o table_n because_o it_o depend_v not_o upon_o god_n providence_n but_o be_v assure_v by_o bond_n against_o the_o act_n of_o god_n answ_n 1._o dr._n fenton_n forget_v that_o he_o say_v usury_n belong_v to_o the_o second_o table_n why_o be_v it_o here_o make_v a_o breach_n of_o the_o first_o second_o the_o usurer_n security_n be_v to_o arm_v himself_o against_o the_o ordinary_a fraud_n negligence_n or_o other_o folly_n of_o the_o borrower_n if_o by_o the_o hand_n of_o god_n a_o extraordinary_a loss_n do_v happen_v by_o the_o like_a mean_n also_o a_o extraordinary_a gain_n may_v be_v raise_v sometime_o both_o which_o belong_v to_o the_o borrower_n except_o the_o mercy_n of_o the_o lender_n to_o who_o he_o be_v to_o trust_v relieve_v he_o and_o sure_o the_o usurer_n have_v great_a cause_n and_o seem_v also_o to_o trust_n god_n more_o than_o any_o other_o man_n and_o be_v least_o arm_v against_o he_o he_o have_v need_n pray_v against_o foul_a weather_n tempest_n wind_n and_o wrack_n for_o although_o he_o be_v no_o husbandman_n merchant_n trades-man_n no_o labourer_n yet_o by_o the_o thrive_a of_o all_o these_o he_o must_v live_v if_o all_o or_o any_o of_o these_o miscarry_v it_o be_v not_o his_o bond_n many_o time_n which_o help_v he_o neither_o against_o the_o hand_n of_o god_n only_o be_v he_o unarm_v but_o against_o the_o fraud_n of_o man_n many_o time_n his_o security_n can_v defend_v he_o how_o many_o have_v be_v defraud_v of_o their_o principal_a debt_n by_o fraudulent_a deed_n of_o gift_n by_o conceal_v of_o good_n and_o divers_a other_o way_n it_o be_v true_a some_o few_o in_o a_o city_n may_v sometime_o attain_v to_o a_o note_a wealth_n by_o usury_n but_o these_o be_v but_o as_o cypher_n in_o comparison_n of_o hundred_o who_o live_v by_o the_o like_a employment_n of_o money_n do_v scarce_o attain_v to_o a_o moderate_a gain_n whereby_o to_o maintain_v themselves_o in_o their_o first_o condition_n and_o many_o time_n as_o skilful_a usurer_n as_o the_o best_a what_o by_o the_o loss_n sometime_o of_o interest_n sometime_o of_o principal_a and_o other_o while_n of_o both_o and_o many_o time_n by_o the_o lie_v still_o of_o their_o money_n for_o want_v of_o reasonable_a security_n have_v prove_v in_o the_o end_n perfect_a beggar_n by_o this_o trade_n and_o what_o great_a argument_n can_v there_o be_v of_o the_o hazard_n and_o danger_n of_o money_n that_o be_v lend_v than_o the_o common_a opinion_n of_o the_o world_n which_o esteem_v a_o small_a revenue_n in_o land_n of_o fee_n simple_a more_o safe_a and_o certain_a than_o almost_o a_o double_a increase_n in_o money_n with_o perpetual_a hazard_n and_o for_o this_o cause_n land_n be_v dear_a than_o money_n as_o for_o take_v of_o bond_n for_o payment_n it_o be_v no_o more_o injurious_a to_o the_o providence_n of_o god_n than_o to_o have_v a_o bond_n or_o covenant_n of_o a_o tenant_n for_o the_o payment_n of_o his_o rent_n for_o although_o some_o year_n by_o the_o unseasonableness_n of_o the_o year_n or_o by_o some_o other_o act_n of_o god_n the_o land_n yield_v not_o the_o rent_n contract_v for_o yet_o the_o tenant_n be_v absolute_o bind_v to_o pay_v it_o without_o any_o condition_n of_o gain_v so_o much_o by_o the_o land_n and_o the_o reason_n be_v ground_v upon_o great_a equity_n and_o be_v all_o one_o both_o for_o contract_n of_o land_n and_o money_n to_o be_v absolute_a nither_o god_n nor_o nature_n have_v proportion_v the_o valuation_n of_o land_n commodity_n or_o money_n no_o text_n can_v be_v bring_v to_o prove_v a_o acre_n must_v be_v just_o sell_v at_o such_o a_o price_n or_o a_o commodity_n at_o such_o a_o rate_n the_o worth_n of_o thing_n in_o proportion_n one_o to_o another_o be_v a_o humane_a arbitrary_a custom_n ground_v upon_o the_o several_a necessity_n or_o opinion_n of_o each_o particular_a nation_n thus_o the_o common_a estimation_n do_v allow_v land_n good_n and_o money_n take_v with_o all_o casualty_n hazard_n and_o charge_n to_o be_v worth_a one_o year_n with_o another_o about_o a_o certain_a value_n and_o it_o be_v reasonable_a that_o such_o a_o certain_a value_n shall_v be_v contract_v for_o so_o that_o as_o the_o seller_n or_o letter_n be_v not_o to_o participate_v of_o the_o extraordinary_a gain_n that_o may_v be_v raise_v so_o he_o be_v not_o to_o sustain_v the_o loss_n if_o any_o do_v happen_v 9_o of_o the_o injustice_n of_o usury_n it_o be_v further_a urge_v pag._n 98._o that_o it_o be_v unjust_a because_o it_o take_v hire_v for_o loan_n and_o sell_v charity_n which_o shall_v be_v free_a so_o that_o thing_n be_v not_o lend_v but_o let_v if_o they_o go_v for_o hire_v answ_n 1._o dr._n fenton_n can_v show_v no_o reason_n why_o money_n may_v not_o be_v let_v as_o well_o as_o lend_v as_o well_o as_o a_o house_n or_o a_o horse_n which_o may_v be_v both_o i_o ought_v in_o great_a necessity_n to_o lend_v free_o to_o the_o poor_a yet_o this_o work_n of_o charity_n do_v not_o hinder_v i_o from_o let_v the_o same_o thing_n where_o there_o be_v not_o the_o like_a necessity_n if_o the_o use_n of_o money_n for_o a_o time_n be_v worth_a money_n in_o buy_v and_o sell_v as_o dr._n f._n confess_v pag._n 99_o the_o rule_n may_v better_o hold_v in_o let_v which_o be_v no_o work_n of_o charity_n though_o both_o in_o let_v and_o sell_v charity_n be_v to_o guide_v we_o it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o because_o i_o must_v lend_v a_o shilling_n for_o a_o day_n therefore_o i_o may_v not_o lend_v a_o pound_n for_o a_o year_n beside_o even_o in_o let_v for_o hire_n there_o be_v often_o both_o charity_n and_o friendship_n show_v as_o if_o i_o let_v a_o thing_n for_o half_a the_o value_n the_o use_n of_o it_o be_v worth_a to_o one_o who_o other_o dare_v not_o trust_v with_o their_o good_n if_o some_o thing_n which_o be_v spend_v in_o the_o first_o use_n may_v be_v sell_v for_o increase_v why_o may_v not_o other_o thing_n that_o be_v use_v be_v let_v in_o the_o same_o sort_n since_o let_v be_v but_o a_o temporary_a kind_n of_o sell_v and_o sell_v in_o effect_n a_o perpetual_a kind_n of_o let_v if_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v buy_v this_o day_n for_o ten_o pound_n may_v be_v sell_v to_o morrow_n for_o eleven_o pound_n may_v not_o the_o same_o ten_o pound_n which_o by_o buy_v and_o sell_v may_v increase_v in_o one_o day_n to_o this_o eleven_o pound_n may_v it_o not_o by_o let_v increase_n in_o a_o whole_a year_n to_o as_o much_o nor_o can_v there_o be_v any_o reason_n show_v since_o money_n have_v a_o gainful_a use_n in_o itself_o and_o as_o solomon_n say_v answer_v all_o thing_n why_o i_o may_v not_o as_o well_o let_v a_o hundred_o pound_n in_o money_n as_o a_o hundred_o pound_n worth_a of_o cattle_n house_n or_o land_n which_o i_o buy_v with_o my_o money_n and_o because_o they_o often_o tell_v we_o that_o he_o that_o bear_v the_o hazard_n must_v have_v the_o gain_n i_o must_v ask_v what_o they_o will_v say_v to_o a_o lease_n for_o life_n wherein_o both_o party_n hazard_v yet_o but_o one_o gain_n dr._n andrews_n bishop_n of_o winchester_n have_v a_o argument_n against_o usury_n take_v from_o the_o rule_n of_o our_o saviour_n luke_n 6._o 31._o as_o you_o will_v that_o man_n shall_v do_v to_o you_o do_v you_o also_o to_o they_o likewise_o nemo_n say_v he_o sibi_fw-la vellet_fw-la vsuras_fw-la infligi_fw-la cum_fw-la fratre_fw-la sio_fw-la agate_n igitur_fw-la no_o man_n be_v willing_a to_o have_v usury_n take_v of_o he_o therefore_o he_o must_v not_o take_v himself_o every_o man_n desire_v to_o borrow_v free_o therefore_o he_o must_v lend_v free_o answ_n the_o rule_n of_o our_o saviour_n must_v necessary_o be_v thus_o expound_v whatsoever_o you_o will_v that_o be_v whatsoever_o you_o will_v according_a to_o right_a reason_n or_o common_a justice_n for_o if_o any_o man_n be_v so_o unreasonable_a or_o so_o frantic_a as_o to_o will_v that_o other_o shall_v kill_v he_o yet_o my_o lord_n of_o winchester_n will_v not_o say_v that_o therefore_o that_o man_n may_v kill_v another_o so_o he_o that_o desire_v to_o borrow_v free_o break_v the_o rule_n of_o common_a equity_n and_o rectify_a reason_n by_o covet_v his_o neighbour_n good_n for_o he_o that_o desire_v to_o
i_o must_v produce_v some_o place_n of_o judicious_a hooker_n the_o will_n of_o god_n say_v he_o by_o which_o we_o be_v to_o judge_v our_o action_n no_o sound_n divine_a in_o the_o world_n ever_o deny_v to_o be_v in_o part_n make_v manifest_a even_o by_o the_o light_n of_o nature_n and_o not_o by_o scripture_n alone_o pag._n 97._o and_o he_o add_v in_o another_o place_n that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o certain_a belief_n ground_v upon_o other_o assurance_n than_o scripture_n we_o be_v say_v to_o believe_v whatsoever_o we_o be_v certain_o persuade_v of_o whether_o it_o be_v by_o reason_n or_o sense_n pag._n 60._o and_o in_o a_o three_o he_o give_v this_o reason_n it_o be_v not_o require_v nor_o can_v be_v exact_v at_o our_o hand_n that_o we_o shall_v yield_v unto_o any_o thing_n other_o assent_n than_o such_o as_o do_v answer_v the_o evidence_n which_o be_v to_o be_v have_v of_o that_o we_o assent_n unto_o for_o which_o cause_n even_o in_o matter_n divine_a concern_v some_o thing_n we_o may_v lawful_o doubt_v of_o some_o thing_n we_o may_v very_o well_o retain_v a_o opinion_n that_o they_o be_v probable_a and_o not_o unlikely_a to_o be_v true_a then_o be_v our_o conscience_n best_o resolve_v and_o in_o most_o agreeable_a sort_n unto_o god_n and_o nature_n settle_v when_o they_o be_v so_o far_o persuade_v as_o those_o ground_n of_o persuasion_n which_o be_v to_o be_v have_v will_v bear_v which_o thing_n i_o so_o much_o the_o rather_o set_v down_o for_o that_o i_o see_v how_o a_o number_n of_o soul_n be_v for_o want_v of_o right_a information_n in_o this_o point_n oftentimes_o grievous_o vex_v when_o bare_a and_o unbridled_a conclusion_n be_v put_v into_o their_o mind_n they_o find_v not_o themselves_o to_o have_v thereof_o any_o great_a certainty_n imagine_v this_o proceed_v only_o from_o lack_n of_o faith_n and_o that_o the_o spirit_n of_o god_n do_v not_o work_v in_o they_o as_o it_o do_v in_o true_a believer_n by_o this_o mean_v their_o heart_n be_v much_o trouble_v they_o fall_v into_o anguish_n and_o perplexity_n whereas_o the_o truth_n be_v that_o how_o bold_a and_o confident_a soever_o we_o may_v be_v in_o word_n when_o it_o come_v to_o the_o point_n of_o trial_n such_o as_o the_o evidence_n be_v which_o the_o truth_n have_v either_o in_o itself_o or_o through_o proof_n such_o be_v the_o heart_n assent_v thereto_o neither_o can_v it_o be_v strong_a be_v ground_v as_o it_o shall_v be_v page_n 73._o 74._o thus_o far_o mr._n hooker_n therefore_o it_o be_v no_o argument_n to_o conclude_v that_o because_o the_o scripture_n do_v not_o allow_v usury_n therefore_o it_o may_v not_o be_v use_v for_o if_o the_o scripture_n do_v not_o absolute_o condemn_v it_o it_o be_v sufficient_a if_o reason_n or_o sense_n do_v guide_v our_o belief_n for_o the_o practice_n of_o it_o i_o leave_v those_o that_o doubt_v to_o consider_v what_o dr._n fenton_n himself_o say_v within_o a_o few_o line_n in_o the_o same_o page_n p._n 75._o this_o usury_n which_o we_o have_v in_o hand_n be_v no_o principle_n of_o faith_n no_o mystery_n of_o salvation_n to_o be_v apprehend_v in_o the_o simplicity_n of_o belief_n but_o a_o point_n of_o morality_n belong_v to_o the_o second_o table_n and_o so_o determinable_a by_o the_o rule_n of_o equity_n and_o charity_n it_o be_v object_v p._n 77._o that_o it_o be_v scandalous_a and_o therefore_o unlawful_a answ_n if_o scandal_n be_v take_v and_o not_o give_v it_o be_v not_o in_o itself_o unlawful_a still_o he_o fly_v from_o the_o question_n 7._o of_o the_o unnaturalness_n of_o usury_n a_o four_o reason_n of_o dr._n fenton_n be_v p._n 91._o that_o the_o increase_n of_o money_n be_v unnatural_a therefore_o unlawful_a answ_n this_o be_v no_o argument_n of_o divinity_n from_o scripture_n but_o of_o philosophy_n from_o aristotle_n second_o if_o it_o be_v of_o force_n it_o serve_v only_o against_o usury_n of_o money_n but_o not_o of_o all_o other_o thing_n three_o it_o be_v confess_v that_o money_n consider_v as_o it_o be_v a_o metal_n be_v not_o perhaps_o by_o nature_n apt_a to_o generation_n &_o increase_n and_o yet_o even_o that_o may_v be_v doubt_v of_o but_o money_n consider_v as_o it_o be_v money_n which_o be_v not_o nature_n have_v produce_v may_v be_v allow_v a_o artificial_a increase_n or_o gain_v as_o well_o as_o house_n ship_n and_o mamy_n other_o thing_n not_o natural_a policy_n have_v ordain_v the_o value_n of_o metal_n to_o be_v the_o common_a rule_n and_o measure_n for_o the_o worth_n of_o all_o thing_n vendible_a and_o by_o common_a estimation_n it_o be_v account_v in_o the_o place_n and_o stead_n of_o such_o thing_n so_o that_o in_o opinion_n and_o use_n money_n be_v both_o land_n house_n horse_n corn_n or_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v value_v by_o it_o even_o man_n himself_o who_o in_o worth_n exceed_v all_o other_o creature_n be_v by_o god_n own_o valuation_n prize_v at_o a_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n and_o fifty_o shekel_n of_o silver_n be_v accept_v by_o god_n in_o the_o place_n and_o stead_n of_o a_o man_n who_o by_o vow_n belong_v unto_o he_o levit._fw-la 27_o 3._o it_o be_v then_o so_o apparent_a that_o money_n be_v by_o art_n take_v and_o use_v for_o all_o thing_n valuable_a both_o by_o man_n and_o god_n himself_o who_o have_v his_o peculiar_a coin_n the_o shekel_n of_o the_o sanctuary_n for_o all_o sacred_a use_n exodus_fw-la 30._o 13._o it_o follow_v in_o all_o reason_n that_o since_o the_o nature_n of_o most_o thing_n that_o be_v value_v and_o sell_v be_v to_o bring_v forth_o a_o increase_n that_o money_n itself_o also_o which_o be_v esteem_v for_o they_o shall_v do_v the_o like_a or_o else_o art_n be_v frustrate_v of_o her_o intention_n who_o find_v out_o the_o use_n of_o money_n only_o for_o the_o ease_n and_o benefit_n of_o trade_n which_o prove_v to_o be_v a_o discommodity_n if_o the_o benefit_n of_o inincrease_n be_v lose_v by_o the_o conversion_n into_o money_n it_o be_v further_a object_v by_o dr._n fenton_n that_o money_n may_v not_o be_v let_v for_o hire_n as_o a_o horse_n a_o house_n or_o a_o cow_n because_o these_o thing_n be_v the_o worse_a for_o let_v answ_n what_o think_v he_o may_v a_o man_n take_v hire_v for_o a_o house_n when_o he_o bind_v the_o lessee_n to_o leave_v it_o in_o as_o good_a repair_n as_o he_o find_v it_o many_o time_n a_o horse_n by_o a_o moderate_a journey_n after_o long_a rest_n be_v the_o better_a whether_o may_v the_o letter_n take_v money_n for_o his_o hire_n if_o this_o argument_n be_v sound_a that_o no_o hire_n ought_v to_o be_v take_v but_o where_o the_o thing_n be_v the_o worse_a for_o use_v than_o i_o believe_v all_o the_o rent_n that_o have_v be_v pay_v for_o land_n since_o noah_n flood_n have_v be_v unjust_o take_v for_o it_o will_v hardly_o appear_v that_o any_o acre_n of_o land_n be_v worse_a now_o than_o in_o his_o day_n since_o many_o acre_n be_v better_v by_o tillage_n and_o manure_v which_o by_o lie_a waste_n be_v hurt_v and_o house_n also_o decay_v most_o for_o want_n of_o inhabit_v the_o true_a rule_n of_o let_v be_v not_o only_o the_o lender_n loss_n in_o the_o impair_n of_o the_o thing_n lend_v but_o the_o borrower_n gain_v by_o the_o use_n of_o it_o and_o we_o must_v consider_v as_o well_o what_o the_o owner_n be_v the_o worse_a by_o the_o want_n of_o that_o use_n as_o what_o the_o thing_n lend_v be_v impair_v if_o another_o use_v my_o land_n though_o it_o be_v not_o the_o worse_o yet_o he_o be_v the_o better_a by_o have_v the_o crop_n of_o it_o and_o i_o be_o the_o worse_a by_o want_v that_o benefit_n of_o it_o which_o he_o make_v therefore_o i_o just_o challenge_v rend_v for_o it_o the_o like_a case_n be_v for_o money_n the_o borrower_n have_v the_o use_n of_o it_o and_o though_o the_o money_n be_v not_o the_o worse_a for_o use_v yet_o the_o lender_n be_v the_o worse_a by_o miss_v the_o commodity_n which_o the_o other_o make_v of_o it_o and_o the_o borrower_n be_v better_v by_o the_o employment_n of_o it_o also_o it_o be_v object_v pag._n 148._o that_o money_n be_v void_a of_o all_o immediate_a use_n in_o itself_o to_o the_o possessor_n while_o he_o do_v enjoy_v it_o answ_n so_o it_o be_v with_o land_n which_o immediate_o neither_o clothes_n nor_o feed_v any_o man_n but_o by_o the_o mediation_n of_o tillage_n and_o pasturage_n both_o be_v effect_v and_o though_o no_o man_n immediate_o eat_v or_o wear_v money_n yet_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o it_o food_n and_o raiment_n be_v procure_v another_o objection_n be_v that_o money_n the_o more_o it_o do_v increase_v the_o more_o it_o may_v which_o be_v unnatural_a and_o contrary_a to_o other_o increase_n answ_n it_o be_v so_o in_o other_o sort_n of_o increase_n for_o one_o sheep_n bring_v forth_o
benefit_n himself_o by_o the_o use_n of_o another_o man_n good_n do_v therein_o uncharitable_o desire_v the_o hindrance_n of_o his_o neighbour_n also_o it_o be_v object_v that_o the_o greatness_n of_o gain_n which_o be_v make_v by_o usury_n be_v unlawful_a pag._n 100_o answ_n 1._o this_o be_v no_o proof_n against_o all_o increase_n of_o money_n but_o only_o against_o excessive_a gain_n whereas_o it_o shall_v be_v prove_v that_o usury_n of_o a_o penny_n in_o the_o hundred_o be_v a_o sin_n as_o well_o as_o of_o ten_o pound_n second_o by_o this_o rule_n all_o gain_n of_o merchandize_v be_v condemn_v which_o be_v ordinary_o far_a great_a than_o that_o of_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o three_o the_o greatness_n of_o gain_n by_o lend_v must_v be_v estimate_v by_o the_o common_a opinion_n of_o the_o country_n otherwise_o how_o can_v any_o man_n conscience_n warrant_v he_o to_o purchase_v any_o inheritance_n man_n buy_v land_n to_o they_o and_o to_o their_o heir_n for_o ever_o that_o be_v till_o doomsday_n which_o when_o it_o will_v come_v no_o man_n know_v and_o yet_o as_o if_o every_o purchaser_n know_v the_o hour_n he_o bargain_v for_o land_n at_o fifteen_o or_o sixteen_o year_n purchase_n but_o the_o last_o day_n may_v come_v within_o a_o year_n or_o within_o fifteen_o or_o perhaps_o not_o within_o fifteen_o hundred_o year_n howsoever_o it_o be_v uncertain_a yet_o the_o public_a valuation_n do_v esteem_v it_o certain_a and_o no_o man_n buy_v land_n at_o fifteen_o year_n purchase_n upon_o condition_n that_o doomsday_n come_v not_o before_o because_o perhaps_o then_o he_o may_v have_v a_o dear_a pennyworth_n nor_o upon_o condition_n that_o if_o the_o world_n last_v long_o than_o fifteen_o year_n that_o thenceforward_o the_o purchaser_n shall_v pay_v a_o further_a sum_n no_o but_o custom_n think_v fit_a to_o make_v a_o absolute_a bargain_n though_o by_o the_o mere_a act_n of_o god_n it_o may_v be_v make_v a_o dear_a purchase_n as_o the_o argument_n of_o the_o greatness_n of_o gain_n in_o usury_n make_v against_o trade_v or_o merchandize_v so_o thereby_o also_o bargain_v for_o lease_n for_o term_n of_o year_n will_v be_v make_v unjust_a and_o this_o may_v the_o better_o appear_v if_o we_o examine_v one_o of_o dr._n fenton_n be_v example_n of_o usury_n in_o this_o kind_n if_o say_v he_o pag._n 21._o purposely_o to_o avoid_v the_o statute_n i_o will_v purchase_v a_o annuity_n of_o twenty_o pound_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la with_o a_o hundred_o pound_n for_o ten_o year_n this_o be_v bargain_n and_o sale_n yet_o the_o very_a same_o with_o usury_n differ_v only_o in_o parchment_n and_o manner_n of_o covenant_v subject_a to_o the_o same_o iniquity_n and_o inequality_n poison_v with_o purpose_n of_o avoid_v the_o statute_n and_o penalty_n of_o usury_n ans_fw-fr 1._o if_o only_o the_o purpose_n to_o avoid_v the_o statute_n make_v his_o case_n to_o be_v usury_n then_o before_o the_o statute_n it_o be_v no_o usury_n for_o there_o can_v be_v no_o purpose_n to_o avoid_v a_o penalty_n that_o be_v not_o and_o this_o be_v to_o make_v usury_n a_o breach_n only_o of_o man_n law_n and_o not_o of_o god_n let_v we_o ask_v dr._n fenton_n whether_o a_o lease_n for_o year_n and_o annuity_n buy_v with_o money_n be_v usury_n simple_o in_o itself_o he_o dare_v not_o say_v it_o his_o answer_n be_v pag._n 129._o we_o can_v condemn_v it_o for_o usury_n and_o yet_o he_o see_v most_o apparent_o it_o be_v of_o the_o very_a selfsame_a nature_n with_o lend_v upon_o bond_n and_o differ_v only_o in_o the_o security_n upon_o bond_n a_o man_n tie_v himself_o upon_o a_o lease_n a_o man_n tie_v his_o land_n in_o both_o these_o there_o be_v the_o like_a increase_n by_o money_n and_o both_o pay_v alike_o at_o the_o end_n second_o this_o case_n i_o find_v put_v of_o a_o lease_n that_o bring_v in_o above_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o thereby_o to_o make_v it_o more_o odious_a but_o give_v we_o leave_v to_o put_v it_o in_o other_o term_n and_o then_o ask_v his_o opinion_n if_o with_o a_o hundred_o pound_n i_o purchase_v a_o annuity_n of_o ten_o pound_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la and_o twenty_o shilling_n over_o yearly_a for_o ten_o year_n be_v this_o usury_n because_o it_o be_v a_o increase_n above_o the_o principal_a it_o be_v the_o very_a selfsame_a bargain_n in_o nature_n with_o he_o it_o differ_v only_o in_o the_o quantity_n of_o increase_n now_o both_o by_o his_o definition_n and_o argument_n as_o well_o the_o increase_n of_o a_o penny_n be_v usury_n as_o of_o ten_o pound_n in_o the_o hundred_o so_o then_o by_o his_o doctrine_n a_o man_n may_v not_o buy_v a_o lease_n worth_a one_o penny_n more_o than_o his_o principal_n if_o it_o be_v pretend_v that_o bargain_n and_o sale_n of_o lease_n be_v lawful_a if_o it_o be_v reasonable_a otherwise_o not_o then_o if_o the_o unreasonableness_n only_o of_o the_o bargain_n make_v it_o a_o sin_n of_o usury_n than_o the_o former_a doctrine_n which_o say_v all_o increase_n be_v usury_n be_v thereby_o deny_v and_o i_o confess_v that_o a_o unreasonable_a bargain_n be_v a_o sin_n but_o of_o theft_n in_o general_n not_o of_o usury_n three_o the_o principal_a purpose_n in_o buy_v a_o annuity_n or_o lease_n for_o year_n be_v to_o gain_v by_o a_o hundred_o pound_n which_o since_o it_o can_v not_o safe_o be_v do_v by_o bond_n therefore_o by_o a_o second_o intention_n man_n labour_v to_o avoid_v the_o statute_n so_o that_o to_o gain_v and_o in_o gain_v to_o avoid_v the_o statute_n be_v the_o purpose_n of_o such_o contract_n and_o not_o chief_o to_o avoid_v the_o statute_n which_o may_v best_o be_v avoid_v by_o not_o purchase_v at_o all_o four_o it_o be_v no_o sin_n to_o avoid_v a_o statute_n by_o lawful_a mean_n if_o the_o contract_n of_o bargain_n and_o sale_n be_v in_o itself_o lawful_a why_o shall_v it_o be_v a_o vice_n and_o not_o a_o virtue_n thereby_o to_o avoid_v the_o penalty_n of_o the_o law_n since_o law_n be_v purposely_o make_v to_o force_v man_n to_o avoid_v they_o by_o lawful_a mean_n five_o whereas_o dr._n fenton_n pag._n 129._o conclude_v that_o if_o simple_o without_o any_o pretence_n such_o annuity_n of_o rent_n be_v buy_v or_o sell_v we_o can_v condemn_v it_o for_o usury_n it_o follow_v that_o the_o pretence_n or_o intention_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o not_o the_o contract_n make_v it_o usury_n and_o that_o as_o he_o himself_o confess_v pag._n 128._o if_o the_o intention_n be_v right_a that_o which_o formal_o be_v usurious_a upon_o the_o matter_n may_v in_o justice_n be_v equivalent_a to_o a_o lawful_a contract_n if_o formal_a usury_n may_v be_v no_o usury_n we_o must_v look_v for_o a_o new_a definition_n of_o usury_n in_o the_o conscience_n of_o man_n and_o not_o in_o dr._n fenton_n treatise_n and_o if_o usury_n be_v commit_v in_o buy_v and_o sell_v what_o contract_n will_v be_v find_v in_o the_o world_n without_o usury_n to_o instance_n in_o some_o other_o contract_n let_v we_o consider_v of_o the_o absolute_a buy_n and_o sell_v of_o land_n or_o of_o purchase_v a_o annuity_n for_o life_n because_o these_o two_o contract_n be_v esteem_v by_o most_o man_n to_o be_v the_o lawfull_a of_o all_o other_o yet_o in_o both_o these_o the_o just_a and_o ordinary_a valuation_n both_o of_o fee_n simple_a land_n and_o of_o lease_n for_o life_n be_v ground_v and_o guide_v by_o usury_n only_o and_o as_o the_o use_n of_o money_n go_v high_a or_o low_o so_o the_o price_n of_o these_o rise_n and_o fall_v so_o that_o in_o very_a truth_n he_o that_o purchase_v land_n be_v the_o great_a usurer_n in_o the_o world_n because_o he_o make_v the_o great_a and_o certain_a gain_n by_o his_o bargain_n for_o example_n admit_v land_n be_v buy_v and_o sell_v for_o sixteen_o year_n purchase_n and_o let_v the_o inheritance_n of_o the_o land_n be_v make_v away_o for_o so_o little_a a_o sum_n as_o the_o land_n will_v bring_v home_o in_o sixteen_o year_n what_o conscience_n be_v there_o to_o keep_v that_o for_o ever_o which_o in_o so_o short_a a_o time_n pay_v the_o purchaser_n his_o principal_n there_o can_v be_v no_o other_o reason_n yield_v for_o this_o great_a disproportion_n but_o this_o that_o both_o the_o purchaser_n and_o seller_n do_v equal_o value_v the_o use_n of_o the_o money_n and_o do_v make_v the_o bargain_n according_o the_o purchase-mony_n consider_v with_o the_o use_n of_o it_o will_v last_v about_o a_o 1000_o year_n in_o pay_v yearly_a so_o much_o as_o the_o rent_n of_o the_o land_n be_v therefore_o the_o purchaser_n expect_v to_o enjoy_v and_o the_o seller_n intend_v to_o part_v with_o the_o land_n for_o ever_o because_o the_o inheritance_n of_o the_o land_n after_o a_o thousand_o year_n be_v not_o valuable_a for_o that_o ordinary_o within_o four_o or_o five_o hundred_o year_n the_o possession_n of_o the_o ancient_a
free_a lend_n be_v not_o judicial_a but_o moral_a for_o the_o same_o law_n which_o command_v the_o affirmative_a forbid_v the_o negative_a answ_n 1._o dr._n downam_n mistake_v in_o think_v free_a lend_v and_o lend_v for_o gain_v to_o be_v term_n of_o affirmation_n and_o negation_n lend_v and_o not_o lend_v which_o be_v contradictory_o oppose_v be_v only_o affirmative_a and_o negative_a term_n lend_v free_o or_o for_o gain_n be_v only_o several_a sort_n of_o lend_v and_o differ_v in_o quality_n and_o though_o their_o quality_n differ_v yet_o they_o be_v both_o positive_a and_o affirmative_a for_o it_o be_v a_o axiom_n contrariorum_fw-la utrumque_fw-la membrum_fw-la est_fw-la positivum_fw-la in_o contradiction_n and_o privation_n one_o term_n be_v always_o negative_a but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o in_o contrary_n second_o let_v i_o retort_v dr._n downams_n argument_n in_o a_o strong_a case_n the_o law_n which_o command_v rest_v on_o the_o sabbath_n be_v not_o judicial_a but_o moral_a therefore_o the_o law_n which_o forbid_v kindle_v a_o fire_n on_o the_o sabbath_n day_n be_v moral_a for_o the_o law_n which_o command_v the_o affirmative_a forbid_v the_o negative_a what_o will_v dr._n downam_n answer_v to_o this_o his_o own_o argument_n here_o be_v affirmation_n and_o negation_n rest_a and_o not_o rest_a in_o the_o kindle_v of_o a_o fire_n not_o contrary_n only_o but_o contradictory_n yet_o i_o presume_v dr._n downam_n will_v not_o conclude_v that_o kindle_v a_o fire_n on_o the_o sabbath_n day_n be_v a_o breach_n of_o the_o moral_a law_n dr._n fenton_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o if_o god_n do_v forbid_v bite_v and_o oppress_a usury_n only_o by_o his_o law_n that_o then_o the_o law_n must_v needs_o be_v moral_a and_o not_o judicial_a except_o we_o will_v give_v liberty_n to_o christian_n to_o oppress_v and_o bite_v their_o brethren_n pag._n 44._o the_o answer_n be_v the_o equity_n of_o the_o law_n be_v still_o in_o force_n the_o rigour_n of_o it_o be_v abrogate_a or_o thus_o that_o the_o poor_a shall_v not_o be_v oppress_v be_v moral_a that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v oppress_v by_o usury_n be_v judicial_a to_o make_v the_o meaning_n of_o this_o distinction_n clear_a we_o must_v know_v that_o all_o judicial_a law_n be_v make_v for_o that_o hedge_n in_o or_o enclose_v of_o the_o moral_a law_n and_o whereas_o the_o moral_a law_n be_v deliver_v either_o in_o general_n affirmative_a commandment_n or_o negative_a prohibition_n the_o judicial_a come_v after_o and_o give_v some_o particular_a politic_a direction_n in_o the_o observation_n of_o they_o for_o example_n the_o moral_a law_n say_v in_o general_n thou_o shall_v sanctify_v the_o sabbath_n then_o come_v the_o judicial_a and_o say_v you_o shall_v kindle_v no_o fire_n throughout_o your_o habitation_n upon_o the_o sabbath_n day_n exod._n 35._o 3._o so_o the_o moral_a law_n tell_v we_o thou_o shall_v not_o steal_v the_o judicial_a add_v if_o a_o man_n steal_v a_o ox_n or_o a_o sheep_n he_o shall_v pay_v five_o or_o four_o fold_n for_o it_o and_o in_o most_o case_n but_o double_a exod_a 22._o 1._o 4._o so_o then_o there_o be_v a_o general_a equity_n in_o all_o judicial_n which_o be_v moral_a and_o eternal_a there_o be_v a_o law_n levit._fw-la 25._o 23._o the_o land_n shall_v not_o be_v sell_v for_o ever_o whereby_o sell_v of_o inheritance_n be_v forbid_v and_o this_o law_n do_v bind_v naboth_n 1_o king_n 21._o 3._o that_o he_o will_v not_o sell_v his_o inheritance_n to_o king_n ahab_n the_o equity_n of_o this_o law_n which_o bind_v all_o man_n even_o infidel_n to_o preserve_v or_o procure_v a_o inheritance_n or_o estate_n for_o their_o posterity_n remain_v still_o in_o force_n yet_o absolute_o not_o to_o sell_v any_o land_n be_v esteem_v no_o otherwise_o than_o a_o judicial_a law_n fit_v for_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o the_o jew_n so_o the_o perpetual_a equity_n of_o sanctify_v the_o sabbath_n and_o of_o not_o steal_v abide_v although_o the_o kindle_v of_o a_o fire_n on_o that_o day_n be_v now_o arbitrary_a and_o the_o compensation_n of_o steal_v be_v leave_v to_o the_o positive_a law_n of_o each_o nation_n the_o same_o law_n that_o forbid_v we_o to_o steal_v bid_v we_o to_o relieve_v the_o poor_a and_o so_o do_v the_o equity_n of_o the_o law_n of_o usury_n it_o be_v sufficient_a that_o the_o general_a equity_n of_o this_o law_n be_v observe_v and_o the_o poor_a relieve_v but_o that_o in_o particular_a they_o must_v be_v relieve_v by_o the_o not_o take_v usury_n of_o they_o be_v not_o necessary_a it_o be_v a_o sin_n in_o any_o jew_n to_o take_v usury_n of_o his_o poor_a although_o he_o do_v relieve_v he_o otherways_o because_o god_n do_v restrain_v he_o to_o that_o particular_a manner_n of_o relieve_v the_o poor_a but_o with_o we_o it_o be_v otherwise_o if_o by_o any_o other_o mean_v we_o do_v sufficient_o relieve_v the_o poor_a then_o even_o the_o take_n of_o usury_n of_o they_o be_v no_o sin_n nor_o oppression_n concern_v the_o judicial_n of_o moses_n we_o must_v also_o observe_v that_o they_o be_v not_o so_o particular_a but_o that_o many_o thing_n be_v leave_v to_o the_o ordinance_n of_o the_o magistrate_n or_o high_a priest_n and_o humane_a ordinance_n as_o mr._n hooker_n do_v observe_v be_v many_o time_n presuppose_v as_o ground_n in_o the_o statute_n of_o god_n deut._n 24._o 10_o there_o be_v a_o judicial_a law_n which_o order_v only_o the_o manner_n how_o a_o pledge_n must_v be_v take_v this_o necessary_o do_v presuppose_v some_o former_a humane_a law_n that_o do_v order_v that_o pledge_n may_v be_v take_v even_o that_o ill_a law_n or_o custom_n of_o divorce_n deut._n 24._o 1._o be_v regulate_v by_o a_o judicial_a law_n that_o it_o may_v thereby_o be_v make_v less_o hurtful_a the_o reason_n why_o i_o note_v these_o thing_n be_v because_o the_o law_n of_o god_n concern_v usury_n do_v presuppose_v and_o be_v ground_v on_o a_o former_a law_n or_o custom_n of_o the_o jew_n which_o be_v then_o in_o use_n and_o practice_n and_o the_o special_a caution_n for_o the_o poor_a may_v leave_v the_o rich_a to_o the_o custom_n and_o law_n of_o the_o magistrate_n which_o do_v always_o regulate_v all_o sort_n of_o contract_n and_o whereas_o the_o law_n of_o moses_n do_v allow_v usury_n only_o to_o stranger_n it_o do_v not_o follow_v but_o that_o other_o that_o be_v neither_o poor_a nor_o stranger_n be_v leave_v to_o the_o ordinary_a law_n of_o the_o country_n no_o magistrate_n can_v give_v a_o dispensation_n for_o usury_n towards_o the_o poor_a nor_o a_o prohibition_n for_o it_o towards_o stranger_n so_o much_o as_o god_n order_v no_o humane_a law_n may_v alter_v as_o for_o other_o case_n not_o specify_v they_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o ordinary_a policy_n of_o the_o state_n for_o we_o must_v not_o think_v that_o god_n provide_v all_o the_o civil_a law_n of_o israel_n his_o especial_a care_n be_v to_o ordain_v law_n for_o the_o reformation_n of_o such_o sin_n as_o have_v be_v learn_v by_o his_o people_n of_o the_o egyptian_n or_o for_o the_o prevention_n of_o such_o as_o may_v be_v teach_v they_o by_o the_o canaanite_n i_o know_v that_o dr._n fenton_n do_v infer_v that_o the_o law_n which_o prohibit_v usury_n be_v moral_a pag._n 45._o because_o the_o allowance_n of_o it_o to_o stranger_n be_v only_o a_o judicial_a for_o unless_o it_o have_v be_v a_o sin_n what_o need_v a_o toleration_n since_o lawful_a thing_n have_v no_o need_n of_o a_o permission_n answ_n 1._o if_o the_o allow_v of_o usury_n to_o stranger_n be_v no_o law_n at_o all_o but_o only_o a_o exception_n or_o proviso_n annex_v to_o a_o former_a law_n than_o it_o can_v be_v no_o judicial_a all_o law_n do_v command_n or_o forbid_v something_o but_o this_o if_o it_o be_v a_o exception_n do_v neither_o because_o it_o leave_v the_o thing_n indifferent_a as_o it_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o all_o such_o proviso_n in_o statute_n but_o if_o they_o will_v have_v it_o to_o be_v a_o law_n than_o it_o must_v bind_v affirmative_o and_o not_o only_o that_o one_o may_v but_o that_o one_o must_v take_v usury_n of_o a_o stranger_n for_o in_o the_o original_a it_o be_v thou_o shall_v lend_v upon_o usury_n or_o shall_v cause_v to_o bite_v and_o the_o hebrew_n understand_v this_o to_o be_v a_o commandment_n and_o not_o a_o permission_n only_o second_o whereas_o they_o compare_v the_o allowance_n of_o usury_n to_o the_o permission_n of_o divorce_n they_o err_v notorious_o for_o the_o difference_n between_o allow_v and_o permit_v be_v most_o manifest_a as_o dr._n downam_n confess_v pag._n 298._o we_o allow_v those_o thing_n only_o which_o we_o suppose_v to_o be_v good_a or_o at_o least_o indifferent_a but_o we_o permit_v only_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v esteem_v evil_a god_n have_v say_v by_o moses_n thou_o may_v or_o thou_o shall_v take_v usury_n of_o