the sea The citty is large rich populous and of great state inhabited by wealthy marchants and industrious tradesmen the chiefe towne of Zealandt and one of the most flourishing Empories of Europe About a Dutch mile from hence vpon the Ocean standeth the strong castle of Rammekens ZVIT-BEVERLANT SItuated betwixt Walcheren and Brabant The onely towne of note is Goes standing on the North side of the Iland Betwixt this and Brabant lyeth a drowned land sometimes part of the Iland NORT-BEVERLANT LYing betwixt Zuyt-beverlant and Schouwen The Iland is little not having any walled towne peopled onely with villages WOLFERSDIICK IT is a little Iland betwixt Nort and Zuyt-Beverlants containing onely two boroughs or villages BE-OESTER-SCHELT LYing betwixt the right chanell of the Scheldt and the Ilands Gaurede and Voorn of Holland It containeth the Ilands of Schouwen Duvelant and Tolen SCHOVWEN SEated towards the north-North-West Hollandt the chiefest of the division containing six Dutch miles in circuit Townes here are Zerick-zee vpon the Ocean Brauwershaven inhabited by Fishermen DVVELANT HAving in compasse about foure Dutch miles and situated neere vnto Schouwen betwixt that Iland and Tholen named thus from the abundance of Pigeons there breeding It hath no towne of note containing only Villages In the yeare 1520 the sea breaking in the whole was overwhelmed with a deluge of waters The breaches since that time haue been made vp and the land recouered TOLEN CAlled thus from a towne of that name It lyeth betwixt Duvelant and the north-North-West point of Brabant against Steenbergen and Bergen op Zoom divided from that continent by a narrow creeke or arme of the sea All these Ilands together containe 8 walled townes and about 100 boroughs or villages The more ancient inhabitants were the Mattiaci of Tacitus HOLLANDT BOunded vpon the South with the Ilands of Zealandt vpon the West and North with the German Ocean vpon the North-East with the Zuyder Zee and West-Freislandt and vpon the East with the Zuyder Zee Vtreicht and Gelderlandt The country is low and fenny the Westerne sea-coasts excepted which like vnto those of Flanders swell with a perpetuall ridge of sandy downes trenched with innumerable dikes water-courses for the dreaning of the marishes and the more easie conveyance of merchandise affording plenty of very excellent pasturages milke butter cheese cattle and horses of extraordinary bignesse but yeelding little fruits corne or other staple commodities No place notwithstanding is for the quantitie more populous more full of rich and well gouerned townes or better stored with all sorts of provision whether for necessitie or ornament conveyed hither by sea from all countries and nations by the industrious inhabitants thereof It is divided into the South and North-Hollandts SOVTH-HOLLANDT COntained betwixt the Ilands of Zealandt and the middle Channell of the Rhijn continued from Vtreicht to Leyden Chiefer townes are Schoonhoven vpon the Leck Dort seated Iland-like amongst waters vpon the Merwe or Nieuwe Maes broke off from the Continent by an invndation hapning in the yeare 1421. The towne is large populous rich and well traded commanding the trafique and navigation of the Maes Waell below whose confluence it standeth Betwixt it and S. Gertrudenberg in Brabant lie for a great space the drowned lands of Herderwert Munsterkirck Dubbelmund and other villages overwhelmed by the forenamed deluge in the yeare 1421 many of whose ruines now appeare vnder water Rotterdam situated nere vnto the Maes vpon the Rotter a dike or channell so called giuing the name herevnto a rich Empory and a noted port the country of the learned Erasmus Betwixt this and Dort at a little towne called Krimpen the Lecke one of the three mainer branches of the Rhijn falleth into the Maes Oudewater vpon the Ysel a dike drawne from the middle channell of the Rhijn Goude vpon the Ysel Delf Graven-Hage a faire and populous open towne seated vnder the downes in the most healthfull and open part of the country the Parliament or chiefe Court of iustice for Hollandt and the ordinary residence of the Delegates or Generall States of the confederate Provinces containing about two thousand houses Leyden Lugdunum Batavorum of Ptolemie now a noted Vniversitie Hither sometimes passed the middle channell of the Rhijn receaued into the Ocean not farre from hence betwixt the townes of Catwijck and Nortwijck since the maine streame being diverted another way by the Leck continued hither by a small current stopped here by the intervening sandy downes and vnder another name of the Vâ—iet turned into the Maes at Sluys a little village against Brill There belongeth to this division the Ilands of Voorn wherein is seated the strong towne of Brill Somersdijck Corendijck Rierschille and Gaurede divided from the maine land by the Maes and continued betwixt this river and the Ilands of Schouwen Duvelant and Tolen of Zealandt NORTH-HOLLANDT COntaining the division lying betwixt the middle channell of the Rhijn and the Zuyder-Zee and West-Freislandt Chiefer townes are Naerden vpon the Zuyder-Zee Haerlem neere vnto the Lake named from hence Haerlem-meer Alcmaer encompassed round with deepe fens and Marishes Amsterdam vpon the Ye a navigable gullet or inlet of the Zuyder-Zee and the dyke or river Amstel parting and giuing the name to the towne The citty is new not much exceeding the date of 400 yeares at this day especially since the warres of the Lowe Countries and the decay of trade in Antwerpe and the townes subject to the Archduchesse growne to that state that for beautie riches and all sorts of bravery magnificence it may contend with the best Citties of Europe and for number and strength of shipping doth farre exceed the most great and flourishing Empories of the world A no small cause hereof besides the opportunitie of the sea and the reasons alleaged hath heen the vnpleasantnes of the neighbouring country wholy possessed with deepe and il-favoured marishes forcing the people hither as to a more commodious dwelling and to the exercise of trade and negotiation and desire of seeing forraine better countries Horn vpon a spacious crooke or bay of the Zuyder Zee Enchuysen at the entrance of the Zuyder Zee thwart of West-Freislandt noted ports Medenblick vpon the Ocean There appertaine to this division the Ilands of Wieringen and Texel situated towards the North betwixt this the Ocean The more ancient inhabitants of South-Hollandt were part of the war-like nation of the Batavi Those of North-Hollandt were part of the Frisij Minores of Ptolemie The whole containeth some 33 walled townes and 400 villages STIFF VTRECHT INclosed vpon the West South and North with Hollandt and confining vpon the East with Gelderlandt Townes here are Cuilenborg vpon the Leck Wijck de Duersteden Batauodurum of Tacitus in his 5 booke the mansion then of the second Roman Legion situated now vpon the middle channell of the Rhijn at what place this diuerteth into the Lecke Amersfort Vtreicht the chiefe towne named thus from the
held with this title vnder the soueraignty and right of the kings of Denmarke The line masculine of the Dukes extinguished it returned againe to the crowne giuen not long after by Queen Margaret vnto Gerard Count of Holstein whose male succession in the yeare 1459 failing in Adolph the last Earle it was lastly incorporated with the kingdome by Christierne the first as it now continueth Chiefer townes are Sleswijck before mentioned a Bishops sea named thus from the river Slea vpon which it is situated Close by standeth the faire Castle of Gottorp the seat of the Dukes of Sleswijck where tol is paid of the many droues of Oxen passing yearely this way out of the Chersonese into Germany From hence in imitation of the Picts wall in England hath beene drawne westward ouer land a long trench or wall called now by the inhabitants Dennewerck raised after Aymonius for the better defence of the Chersonese against the neighbouring Saxons by Godfrey king of the Danes in the raigne of the Emperour Charles the Great Husem vpon the German or westerne Ocean not far froÌ„ the mouth of the riuer Eydore Flensborch a noted empory seated amongst hills vpon a nauigable creeke or inlet of the Sundt Hadersleue a Bishops sea vpon a nauigable inlet of the sea Baltick where with it is round encompassed against the Iland Funen graced with the beautiful castle of Hansburg begun by Iohn duke of Holstein but finished by Frederick the 2 d K. of Denmarcke These lye in Suder-Iutland or the dukedome of Sleswijck Beda seemeth to place here the famous Angli the founders of the moderne English nation during the raigne of the Emperour Valentinian the 3 d departing froÌ„ hence into the Iland of Great Bretaine In Nort-Iutland Kolding vpon a creeke of the sea Balticke Arhusen a Bishops sea and a noted port vpon the Sundt Against this and the great promontory Hellenis lie the Ilands Samsoe Hielm Hilgenes with others belonging to the continent hereof Wiborch within the land a Bishops sea and the chiefe place of iudicature of the Chersonese Alborch vpon the baye Limfort which is a long creeke of the sea Baltick extending through the maine land westwards almost as farre as the German Ocean The part of the Chersonese lying vpon the North of this bay is named by the inhabitants Wendsyssel West hereof the country is called Hanhaeret where is the high rock Skarringklint a noted sea marck The German Ocean coasting Iutland especially the part neighbouring to this rock is full of sholes and quicksands for this cause carefully avoided by marriners sayling towards Norwey and the Ilands of the Sundt Tysted Nicoping Ripen a Bishops sea vpon the German Ocean The length of both the Iutlands with the neighbouring dukedome of Holstein or from the riuer Elb vnto the towne of Schagen the most Northerly point of the Chersonese Cellarius accompteth at 80 German miles the breadth at twenty of the same miles THE ILANDS OF THE SVNDT THese lye in the mouth of the Sundt betwixt Iutlandt and Schonen The more remarqueable and greater Ilands are Funen and Zelandt FVNEN LYing against the townes of Kolding and Hadersleue in Iutland containing 12 Dutch miles in length and 4 in breadth The chiefe towne is Odensee a Bishops sea ZELANDT SEated betwixt Funen and the maine land of Schonen the greatest of the Ilands and the seat of the Prince Chiefer townes here are Rotschilt a Bishops sea The Bishops hereof haue the honour to annoint the kings at the time of their inauguration Helschenor or Elsenor at the entrance of the Sundt The narrow sea betwixt this and Schonen containeth only a Dutch mile in breadth commaunded by two castles lying vpon each side of the straight that of Helsenburg in Schonen and of Cronenburg in Zealandt Here all the ships which in great numbers passe continually towards Swethen Prussen and the east-East-lands stop and pay custome the best part of the princes revenues In the strong and magnificent castle of Cronenburg founded by Fredericke the second the king more commonly resideth Koppen hagen farther downe vpon the Sundt a noted port the chiefe towne of the kingdome where flourisheth an Vniversity of the Danes and Norvegians begun by Eric the ninth but perfected by Christian the first and the succeeding princes endowed with liberall revenues Vpon the East hereof lyeth the Iland Amagger making a safe road for ships which ride at ancher betwixt it and the towne Other Danish Ilands are Alsen against Flensborch and Suder-Iutland vnto the which it appertaineth containing 4 Dutch miles in length and two in breadth Aar having three parishes and seated betwixt Alsen and Zelandt Langeland betwixt Aar and Zelandt in length 7 Dutch miles Falstre in length 8 Dutch miles vpon the South of Zelandt Lawland vpon the West of Falstre from the which it is divided by a narrow creeke of the sea besides almost infinite others whose names wee know not or which are not worth relating These Ilands are togither called by Meâ—a the Hemodes Zealandt he nameth the Iland Codanonia the greatest of the Hemodes HALLANDT LYing in the maine land of Scandia against North-Iutlandt The onely place of note is the strong castle of Warsberg SCHONEN COntaining the part of the same continent against the Iland of Zelandt Places of better note are Helsenburg a towne and castle opposite to Elsenor Lunden an Arch-bishops sea Malmuyen or Ellebogen a noted Empory vpon the Sundt against Koppen-hagen BLEKING PArt of the same continent and having vpon the West Schonen The chiefe place is Vsted THE KINGDOME OF NORWEY BOunded vpon the South with Denmarck vpon the West and North with the Ocean and vpon the East with the kingdome of Swethen from the which it is divided by a perpetuall ridge of asperous and high mountaines The sea here is exceeding deepe and affordeth plenty of good fishing The land is very large and spacious but rockie mountainous and barren full of thicke wild and vast woods cold and ill inhabited It yeeldeth but little corne and in the parts more neere to Lapland and the Pole Articke not any at all in regard of which want the inhabitants eat bread made of Stockfish It chiefly venteth abroad fish furres and skinnes of wild beasts masts raft pitch tarre and the like commodities issuing from wood The people are plaine honest louers of strangers hospitall for their ability haters of pilfering theeuing They are not suffered by the Danes to vse shipping or to export their owne merchandise out of the kingdome which profit these solely engrosse vnto themselues Their religion is the Lutheran or Protestant the same with the Danes belonging in matters Ecclesiasticall vnto the Archbishop of Trundtheim and the Bishops of Bergen Anslo Staffanger and Hammar They were sometimes commanded by Princes of their owne now by the kings of Denmarck diuided into 5 Prefectures or juridicall resorts of Bahuys Aggerhuys Bergerhuys Trundtheim
OF THE STATE OF EVROPE XIIII Bookes CONTAINING THE HISTORIE AND RELATION OF THE MANY PROVINCES HEREOF Continued out of approved Authours BY GABRIEL RICHARDSON BATCHELOVR in Divinitie and FELLOW of BRASEN-NOSE College in Oxford OXFORD Printed for HENRY CRIPPS An. Dom. 1627. TO THE RIGHT REVEREND FATHER IN GOD IOHN Lord Bishop of LINCOLNE one of his Maiesties most Honourable Privie Councell and Visitour of Brasen-Nose Colledge in OXFORD Right Reverend and my Honourable good Lord THE certaine hopes that Bishop Smith our Founder of blessed memory conceaues in his Statutes of all his successours for the protection of his College giues me the meanest of that Societie some heart to present these my first and weake labours to your Honours Patronage But more bold I am vpon your imbred and vnderived pronenesse to the advancement of Scholasticall indeavours whereof both the Vniversities Colleges Schooles Libraries enriched by your magnificent hand are daily and pregnant arguments This enlarging of the bowels of compassion towards learning in these later and straighter times as it is a miracle for the rarenesse so ought we all of vs both to powre out our praiers to God for such ample dispensers of this goodnes to men as also our vtmost labours with all thankfull acknowledgment to preserue their memories And if my selfe shal cast a mite into this treasurie pardon Right Honourable a boldnesse that proceeds out of an amazed esteeme of this your owne and vnimitable quality as from a most humble devotion to your everlasting honour and happinesse Your Lordships most humble devoted GABRIEL RICHARDSON OF THE STATE OF EVROPE THE FIRST BOOKE COntayning a generall survey of EVROPE and of the Iland of Great Britaine with the present bounds situation and quality of England The Inhabitants Their description languages and affaires of religion vnto our times The Bishops and Cleargie The civill gouernment The King His title of Defendour of the Faith The Nobles Gentrie and Commons The great victories and Conquests of the English Their no lesse disgraces and losses abroad by meanes of their quarrells and dissentions The devision of the Kingdome into Shires Tithings and Hundreds The ranke and number of the Shires EVROPE THe vniversall Globe of the Earth our moderne better experienced times haue found distinguished into fiue greater devisions whervnto all the rest belong are parts the New-found Lands of America and Magellanica detected by late discoueries and those of Asia Africa and Europe lying in one Continent and onely known vnto ancient ages Of these the least but most noble part is Europe the seate of Christianity and of the Church of God and the nurse of victorious and famous nations the glorious Conquerours of the World wherein banished from all other countryes mastered by tyrannie basenes ignorance and barbarisme religion civility arts knowledge libertie and valour at this day rest confined the subiect of this discourse The Etymologie hereof is altogether vncertaine The more exact bounds are vpon the North the Frozen Seas of Lapland and Norwey vpon the West the Vergiuian and Atlantique Oceans vpon the South the Straights of Gibraltar and the Sea Mediterranean from Africa and vpon the East from Asia the Archi-pelago the Seas Maggiore and Zabache the riuer Don and a line continued from thence vnto the White Sea or Baye of S. Nicholas It is situated betwixt the 36 and 71 1 2 degrees of Northerne latitude and the 5 and 59 degrees of Longitude accompting from the Meridian by the Azores The longest day at the towne of Gibraltar in Spaine which is the most Southerne point containeth about 14 houres and a quarter At Wardhuis the point most Northerly the greatest continuance of the Sunne aboue the Horizon lasteth 2 whole moneths 22 dayes some 7 houres It containeth the distinct Provinces and names of Spaine France Germanie the Low-Countries Switzerland Denmarke Norwey Sweathland Prussen Leifland Poland Lithuania Podolia part of the Tartars and Russes Hungarie Transsylvania Walachia Moldavia Bulgaria Bosna Servia Rascia Windish-land Italy and Greece seated in the maine land and of Ilands lying in the Ocean beside some lesser those of Island Freisland Great Brittaine Ireland Cadiz Mallorca Menorca Sardinia Corsica Sicilie and Candia with those many of the Archi-pelago devided amongst 9 greater Monarchs the Emperours of the Romans or Germans Russes and Turkes and the Kings of Great Brittaine France Spaine Denmarke Sweathland Poland together with the free Common-wealths and inferiour Princes of the Netherlands Italy the Switzers and Grisons Ptolemie in his 2 Booke sorteth these into the c more Westerne and the more Easterne Provinces whose methode I haue here obserued In the more Westerne devision he comprehendeth the Brittish Ilands Iberia or Spaine Celto-galatia or Gaule Germany Rhaetia Vindelicia Noricum Pannonia Illyris and Dalmatia contayning now the Kingdomes of Great Brittaine and Ireland Spaine France Germany the Switzers Netherland Denmarke Norwey Sweathland Hungary Windischland Krabbaten Bosna Contado di Zara Dalmatia Albania with their Ilands whose descriptions state and sundry fortunes follow in order GREAT BRITAINE THE Country hath beene thus distinguished from Britaine in France in regard of the lesser extension thereof named the Lesser Britaine It is a famous Iland seated in the Ocean to the North-west of the Continent of Europe some 30 Italian miles where the passage is the narrowest from France or the next maine land the Great Iland as Aristides calleth it another world after Solinus the Worke of sporting Nature after Mercator made more gracefully to adorne the Vniverse the glory of Ilands the Queene and mistresse of the seas and the beauty of the West The bounds are vpon the West part of the Westerne Ocean with S. George his Channell from Ireland vpon the North the open and spacious Northerne seas vpon the East the German Ocean from Denmarke Germany and the Netherlands and vpon the South the English Channell from France The figure hereof is Triangular or Three-square whose Basis might be the Sea-coast towards France It lyeth in the Northern halfe-part of the temperate Zone extended from the 16⅚ vnto the 21 degree of Longitude accompted from the first Meridian by the Azores Ilands and from the 50⅙ degree vnto the 60½ of Northerne Latitude or from beyond the 18 Paralel or the beginning of the eight Clime vnto beyond the 27 Paralel or beginning of the 13 Clime The longest day at the Lizard point in Cornwall the most Southerly part contayneth about 16 houres and a quarter At Straithy head in Scotland which is the point lying farthest to the North the same containeth 18 houres and 3 quarters The length of the Iland from South to North after this accompt is some 620 Italian miles The greatest Breadth betwixt East and West according to a right line is about 250 of the same miles Camden reckoneth 320 miles bending with the crookes and turnings of the Sea-coast The whole circumference he accompteth at 1836 miles A Paralel drawne ouer the middle
iurisdiction or their Delegates offices for the most part hereditary to noble families The Country containeth 34 parts or diuisions Merch. Lauden Tweedale Teifidale Liddesdale c. Annandale Niddesdale Galloway Carick Kyle Cuningham Arran Cluidesdale c. Lennox Stirling Fife Strath-ern MeÌ„teith Argile Cantire and Lorne lying vpon the South of the riuer Taye and Braid-albin Loquabria Perth Athol Anguis Mern Marre Buquhan Murray Rosse Sutherland Catnesse and Strath-Navern lying vpon the South of that river the middle of the kingdome MERCH LYing vpon the German Ocean betwixt Northumberland in England and Lauden More noted places are Hume-Castle naming the familie of the Humes Kelso Coldingham Coldana of Beda and not vnprobably Colania of Ptolemy Fast-Castle belonging to the Humes vpon the Promontory S. Ebbes LAVDEN EXtended along the same Ocean betwixt Merch and the Frith of Edenburg fruitfull in corne and inhabited by an industrious and civill people Chiefer townes are Hadington in a plaine vpon a small rivulet named the Tine Below vpon the Ocean and neare vnto the mouth of that river stood sometimes the strong Castle of Dunbar in the yeare 1567 destroyed by the commande of the States iealous of the surprisall thereof by rebells Musselborough vpon the riuer Eske memorable for a great overthrow of the Scots giuen by the English vnder Edward Duke of Somerset protectour of the Realme of England in the minority of king Edward the Sixt. Leith a noted port vpon the Frith of Edenborough Bodotria of Tacitus and Boderia of Ptolemy the seate of warre of the French in the raigne of Queene Mary wife vnto Francis the Dolphin besieged and thrust out by the ioinct armes of Queene Elizabeth of famous memorie and the Scottish nobility Edenburgh the chiefe citty of the kingdome extended betwixt West and East vpon a hil or rising ground of some mile in length some halfe a mile in breadth populous faire and through the neighbourhood of the Frith and Leith rich and well traded defended with wals and a magnificent and strong castle mounted vpon a steepe and precipitious rocke towards the West end of the Towne Some suppose here to haue beene Alata Castra of Ptolemy but erroneously Linlithquo or Lithquo vpon a Lake neere vnto the head of the Frith supposed to be Lindum of Ptolemie a citty of the Damnij of the same Authour TWEEDALE COntinued along the Tweede towards Merch Berwijck commended for sheepe and woolls More chiefe places are Drimlar Castle and Peblis and Selkirck Sherifdomes or Praefectureships for the vally all standing vpon the Tweede TIVIDALE SEated among rocky hills betwixt Tweedale and Northumberland and along the course of the river Teviot Places of more note are Iedburg neere vnto the confluence of the Ied and Teviot and Roxburg a decayed castle at the meetings of the Teviot and Tweede the Sherifdome of the country fatall to the Scots by the vntimely death of king Iames the second slaine in the siege hereof by the English These fowre seeme to containe the Gadeni of Ptolemie ESKE-DALE LIDDES-DALE AND EVSE-DALE NAmed thus from and extended vpon the rivers Eske and the Lidden and Euse by the Eske disburdened in the Solway neere to Caerlile The chiefe place is the Hermitage a strong castle in Liddesdale ANNANDALE COntinued vpon both sides of the riuer Annan falling into the Frith of Solway against Burgh vpon the Sands in Cumberland More noted places are the Castle Maban strongly seated within the Lake Maban and the towne Annand standing vpon the riuer thus named nere vnto the fall therof into the Frith NIDISDALE LYing to the West of Annandale vpon the riuer Nid Nobius of Ptolemy receiued into the Solway below the riuer Annan Places of better note are vpon the Nid Sanghuer Castle wherof are entitl'd the Lords Sanqhuer of the house or name of the Creichtons Morton naming the Earles Morton of the name of Duglas Dunfreis nere to the fall of the riuer a rich well traded Emporie the chiefe towne of these parts At the mouth of the riuer Caerlaverock castle Carbantorigum of Ptolemie the house now of the Lord Maxwels Vpon a lake more remote from the river Glencarne whereof are stiled the Earles of Glencarne of the house of the Cuninghams These from Eskedale seeme more anciently to haue contained the Elgovâ—e or Selgovae of Ptolemy imparting their name to bordering Frith of Solway GALLOWAY RIsing with grassie hils betwixt Nidisdale vpon the East and Carict vpon the North and enclosed vpon the other sides with the Irish Ocean the most Westerne part this way of the kingdome Places of more note are vpon the riuer Dee Dea of Ptolemy Kircoubright a commodious haven and Seneschaussee Wigton a Sherifdome and a commodious Port betwixt the rivers Blaidnoo and Crea Whit-herne Leucopibia of Ptolemy a Bishops sea the seat sometimes of S. Ninian the Apostle of the Northern Picts Beyond lyeth the Mul of Galloway a Promontory and Chersonese ioyned to the continent by a very narrow neck of land the Promontory of the Novantes of Ptolemy the furthest point of Galloway towards the West and Ireland CARICT SEated vpon the Irish Ocean betwixt Galloway and Kile rich in pasturages corne and commodities arising from the sea Places of more note are Bargeny Berigonium of Antoninus and Cassil Castle the seat of the Earles thus named of the house of the Kennedyes KYLE VPon the Irish Ocean or Frith of Dunbriton betwixt Carict and Cuningham populous and well inhabited The chiefe towne is Aire a Sherifdome and a noted port Empory at the fall of the river thus called into the Ocean or Frith of Dunbriton CVNINGHAM VPon the Frith or Irish Ocean betwixt Kyle and Dunbriton More noted places are vpon the Sea-coast Irwin a small Port at the mouth of the Irwin a river parting this Country and Kyle Ardrossan Castle Largis Neerer Dunbriton Eglington Castle naming the Earles of Eglington The parts inclusiuely from Galloway were the Novantes of Ptolemie CLVYDS-DALE LYing vpon both sides of the river Cluyd from the head thereof in Crawford-Moore towards the Frith of Dunbriton 〈…〉 Duglas Castle in Duglas-dale a valley vpon the river Douglas naming the ancient and noble familie of the Duglasses Lanric a Sherifdome at the confluence of the Duglas and Cluyd Hamilton Castle vpon the Cluyd naming the house and Marquesses of Hamilton Bothwell whereof the Earles Bothwell were entitl'd vpon the Cluyd Farther downe vpon the same riuer Glascow an Arch-bishops sea an Vniversity and the chiefe towne Betwixt this and Cuningham lyeth the Barony of Renfrew named thus froÌ„ the towne a Sherifdome hereditary to the Lord Sempils LENNOX LYing vpon the North of the river Cluyd whereby it is divided from the Barony of Renfrew and by the river Kelwin parted from Cluydes-dale or the Sherifdome of Glascow named thus from the riuer Levin Lelanonius of Ptolemy issuing forth of
Ocean hauing vpon the South Lough-Nesse from Buquhan and Loqhuabria and vpon the North Catnesse and Straith-Navern rough mountainous and wooddie to the West in the vallies and towards the East more fruitfull In the midst and towards the Lake Nesse arise the high mountaines of Ardmanoch couered all the yeare long with snow Vpon the North-West is Assinshire indented with sundry creekes of the Westerne Ocean Chiefe places are in Ardmanoch the Castle Louet At the mouth of the Nesse Chanonry the seat of the Bishops of Rosse Cromerty a Sherifdome or place of Iudicature SVDERLAND SEated vpon the German Ocean betwixt Catnesse vpon the North and Rosse vpon the South and having Strath-Navern vpon the West mountainous yeelding tolerable pasturage but little corne The chiefe place is Dun-Robin Castle the seate sometimes of the Earles of Suderland The mountaines afford plenty of fine marble but of no vse in those cold and Northren regions CATNESSE HAving vpon the South Suderland vpon the North and East the Ocean and vpon the West Straith-Navern The inhabitants liue most vpon their profit of cattle and fish got in the Ocean The most noted places are Girnego castle the seat of the Earles and Durnock and Wik the seates of the Bishops of Catnesse More to the North lie the Promontories Berubium and Viruedrum of Ptolemy now Dunsbey or Duncans-bay and Hoia or Vrdshead with Howburne-head in Strath-Naverne the extreame points of the Iland of Great Brittaine towards the Pole Articke and the North. Camden placeth these two last in Strath-Navern Buchanan otherwise in this country STRAITH-NAVERNE NAmed thus from the river Naverne Nabeus of Ptolemy and bounded vpon the South with Rosse vpon the East with Suderland and Catnesse and vpon the West and North with the Ocean cold hilly and lesse fruitfull with Catnes the extreame parts of Great Britaine towards the North. Here lyeth the Promontory named Tarvedrum and Orcas by Ptolemy now Howburne Head LOQHVABRIA COntinued vpon the same Ocean betwixt Rosse vpon the North Logh-Aber vpon the South fruitfull in corne and pasturages and pleasantlie shaded with woods The most noted place is Innerloth vpon the lake Loth. LORNE EXtended a long the same Westerne Ocean betwixt Logh Aber vpon the North by which it is parted from Loqhuabria and Knapdale and Cantire vpon the North fruitful in corne and divided by the great Lake named Leauve by the natiues The chiefe place is Tarbar in Logh Kinkeran a Sherifdome or juridicall resort for this country and the more Southerne part of the Westerne Scottish Ilands BRAID-ALBIN SEated to the East of Lorn amongst rockie and high mountaines parts of the hill Grampius of Tacitus inhabited by the High-land-men or Irish Scots ARGILE LYing to the West of Lennox and the lake Lomond and bounding vpon the South with the Sea or Frith of Dunbriton wild rockie and mountainous with Cantire Braid-Albin and the neighbouring countries of the Highlanders the more ancient and first residence of the Scots desbourding hither from Ireland CANTIRE IT is a narrow Promontory or Chersonese of some 30 miles in length the Promontory of the Epidij of Ptolemie divided frō Argile by Logh Fin a long and spacious arme of the sea of Dunbriton ioyned to Knapdale the Continent by a small necke of land not exceeding a mile in breadth The Mul of Cantire the farthest point of the Chersonesse is distant onely 13 miles from Ireland the next part of Scotland and Great Brittaine to that Iland These last inclusiuely from Menteith were the famous Caledonij of Tacitus parted by Ptolemy into 13 lesser names or diuisions the Epidij Cerones Creones Carnonacae Carini Cornabij Logi Mertae Cantae Texali Vennicontes Vacomagi and Caledonij particularly thus called the onely part of Britaine stopping and giving bounds to the great conquests and victories of the Romans twice invaded by Iulius Agricola in the raigne of Domitian and by the Emperour Severus but without any good effect not without much losse to the Roman side secured by their mountaines lakes marishes and woods The Romane Empire declining they were all called by the names of Picts Afterwards they became divided betwixt the Picts driven vnto the Easterne shore and the Scots a colony as before of the Irish thrusting into the parts towards Ireland and the West the victorious conquerours not long after of the Picts At this day they are distinguished into the Law-land-men or the English and more civil Scots inhabiting the plainer countries along the German Ocean and vpon this side of the two Friths the Highland-men or Irish Scots retaining yet the Irish language and manners and possessing the heights of the hill Grampius Braid-albin Argile and other mountainous regions vpon the Westerne and Irish Seas THE ILANDS OF GREAT BRETAINE THe Ilands belonging to this Continent are all called in Ptolemy by the name of the British Ilands Before the time of Pliny as in his 4 booke and 16 chapter they made with Albion or the Greater Britaine the generall name of the Britaines distinguished from the ancient accounted an other world after Solinus The most famous greatest of these and after England of the Ilands of Europe and the West is Ireland IRELAND THE bounds hereof are vpon the East the Irish Ocean or S. George his Channell from England Scotland vpon the North the Northerne Ocean vpon the West the Westernesea vpon the South the Vergivian It lyeth betwixt about the 51½ and 56⅚ degrees of Northern Latitude or betwixt the 19 or middle Paralel of the 8 Clime where the longest day hath 16 houres and a halfe and the 24 Paralel or end of the 10 clime where the same hath 17 houres and 3 quarters The length of the Iland after this computation is 320 Italian miles or measured English Camden otherwise accounteth the length onely at 300 English The breadth he reckneth at 120 of the same miles The aire is temperate and healthie but moist and raw rather plentifully bringing vp and nourishing then ripening fruits The soile is firtill but better pasturage and for grasse then for fruits and corne through a wet qualitie of the ground or by the sloath of the natiues and for their want of manuring encombred with bogs lakes marishes and with thicke slutchie and vndreaned woods The first inhabitants were the Irish for more ancient we finde not distinguished by Ptolemie into sundry lesser people and names the Rhobognij Darnij Voluntij Vennicnij and Erdini now containing Vlster the Auteri Gangani and Nagnatae inhabiting Connaught the Velibori Vterni Vodiae and Coriondi now Munster and the Menapij Cauci Blanij and Brigantes now Leinster whose citties were Rhigia Rheba Macolicum Dunum Laberus Ivernis c. whose interpretatiōs we let passe as very vncertaine free for a long time and not conquered by forraine power neglected by the Romans and the succeeding Saxons or English engaged in more necessary
Tortosa a Bishops See seated vpon the river Ebro Dertosa of Ptolemy Antoninus Dertossa of Strabo a Roman colonie Taragona vpon the Mediterranean some mile vpon the East of the river Francolino Tarracon of Strabo Ptolemy and Tarraco of Pliny Mela and Solinus a colony of the Romans founded by the two brethren Cn and Publius Scipio during the second Punique warre and afterwards made their chiefe towne and giuing the name vnto the Province Tarraconensis It is now an Archbishops See contayning two miles in compasse and about 700 families or housholds Lerida Ilerda of Strabo Ptolemy Lucan and Antoninus vpon the river Segre a Bishops See and Vniversity Vich a Bishops See Ausa of Ptolemy naming the Authetani of the same Authour and the Ausetani of Pliny Vrgel Erga of Ptolemy seated vnder the Pyrenaean Mountaines Barcelona Barcinon of Ptolemy Barchino of Mela and Barcino of Pliny Antoninus a Roman colonie surnamed Faventia by Pliny situated vpon the sea Mediterranean betwixt the riuers Besons and Lobregat Won from the Moores by Lewes the Godly sonne to the Emperour Charles the great it became the chiefe city of the famous Earledome thus named wherevnto in continuance of time accrewed the whole Catalonia held first vnder the subjection and soveraignty of the Frenchmen afterwards commaunded by free princes and lastly by Raimund the fift marrying vnto Petronilla inheritresse of Aragon vnited with that kingdome It is now a rich noted port a Bishops See and the seate of the Vice-roy and Inquisition for this province the place where ordinarily embarque the Spanish souldiers bound for the Levant Iles and Italy as for the Netherlands by the way hereof and of the Alpes and Germany The towne is large beautified with stately buildings both private and publique the streets faire and open the wals whole and entire with wide deepe ditches The countrey about it is pleasant but not so fruitfull Heere great store of ships are made both for warre burthen Neere herevnto vpon the right shore of the riuer Lobregat ariseth the pleasant mountaine called Mon-serrato stuck full of Anchorets Cels honoured with a much frequented chappell and image of the blessed Virgin whose ravishing description reade in L. Nonius Blanes Blanda of Ptolemy Mela and Blandae of Pliny vpon the Mediterranean at the mouth of the river Tardera Ampurias Emporium of Strabo and Emporiae of Ptolemy Pliny founded by the Massilians and afterwards made a Roman colony seated vpon the Mediterranean The towne is now poore base affording onely a safe harbour roade for ships Girona Girunda of Ptolemy Antoninus a Bishops See situated at the meetings of the litle rivers Ter Onhar The towne is litle but hansomly built and well traded Vpon the same Sea-coast vnder the Pyrenaean mountaines is Rosas Rhoda of Ptolemy and Rhodope of Strabo founded by the Emporitanes or Rhodians now a meane obscure village Further vp lyeth Cabo de Creux Veneris Templum of Ptolemy a promontory of the Mediterranean the furthest point Eastwards of Catalonia The people more aunciently inhabiting Catalonia were the Authetani or Ausetani Indigeti Laeetani Cosetani with part of the Ilercaones and Iaccetani of Ptolemy and other auncient authours THE LAND OF RVSSILLON INcluded betwixt two branches of the Pyrenaean Mountaines beginning at the mountaine Cano and the one extended to Colibre and towards Cabo de Creux the other vnto Salsas having vpon the North the maine ridge of the Mountaines Pyrenaean vpon the West Catalonia vpon the East Languedoc in France and vpon the South the sea Mediterranean from Cabo de Creux vnto the castle of Salsas Places here of note are Colibre Illiberis of Ptolemy commendable onely for its antiquity now an ignoble village affording notwithstanding a safe and commodious harbour for ships Helna a Bishops See vpon the river Techo Salsas Salsulae of Strabo a strong castle frontiring vpon Languedoc France the fortresse bulwarke of Spaine vpon this side The peece after the new best manner of fortification consisteth of many severall wards distinguished a part with wide and deepe ditches having bridges over them and made defensible as together so one against another Perpignian the onely towne here of importance seated in a pleasant plaine vpon the river Thelis a rich and flourishing Emporie and a strong hold against the French to whose injurie in time of warre it is still exposed built in the yeare 1068 by Guinard Earle of Russillon Some halfe a Spanish league from hence where is the Castle of Russillon sometimes stood Ruscino Latinorum of Pliny giving the name to the countrey The Kings of Spaine hold in right of the Crowne of Aragon the Ilands Mallorça Menorça Sardinia and Sicily and in the continent the kingdome of Naples in Italy THE ILANDS OF SPAINE They partly lie within the Straights of Gibraltar in the sea Mediterranean and partly without in the maine Ocean IN THE MEDITERRANEAN THose in the Mediterranean are Mallorça Menorça Formentera and Yvica besides some lesser MALLORCA Lying against the countrey of Valentia and contayning in circuite about 300 miles and in breadth and length which differ not much some 100 miles The inhabitants are reckoned at some 30000 of all sorts The land towards the sea is mountainous within more plaine fruitfull yeelding sufficient store of corne wine oile and fruites Mallorça is the onely towne of note so named from the Iland a litle Vniversity the countrey of Raimundus Lullius MENORCA IT is lesse in quantity then the other from whence it hath had the distinction name It differeth not much from it in quality saving that it is better stored with beeues and cattaile The chiefe towne is Menorça called as is the Iland Mago of Ptolemy Here is likewise Cittadella Iama of the same authour These two Ilands were the famous Baleares Gymnasiae of Strabo the auncients whose inhabitants were renowned for their skill and vse of slings their proper armes trained vp herevnto from their childhood the first inventors of them occasioning the name hereof whereof we find much mention in the warres of the Carthaginians and Romans They obeyed for the most part the same Lords with the Continent Vnder the Moores they became a particular kingdome as they continued for a time vnder the Christians of the house of Aragon They belong now to the Crowne of Aragon YVICA AND FORMENTERA DIvided asunder by a narrow creeke of sea and situated betwixt the Baleares and the Promontory Ferraria of the countrey of Valentia the former contayning one hundred miles in circuite the other about seaventy In Yvica called Ebusus by Ptolemy and Strabo great store of salt is made It yeeldeth no venimous creatures The chiefe Towne is of the same name with the Iland Formentera is named Ophiusa in the same authours from the great number of Serpents and venemous
inhabited by an industrious people the chiefe towne of the country Valenciennes vpon the Scheldt where it beginneth to be nauigable The towne is also large strong and well traded the next vnto Bergen Conde vpon the Scheldt Bauais The auncient inhabitants were part of the Nervij the most valiant people of the Gaules ARTOIS BOunded vpon the East with Cambresy and Flanders Gallicant vpon the South and West with Picardy in France and vpon the North with Flanders Teutonant and the riuer Lys. The aire is temperate and pleasant the soile fruitfull in come especially for wheat the common granarie and storehouse for Mechlin Antwerpe and other parts of Brabant and Flanders Chiefer townes are Bappaulme frontiring vpon France Arras Rigiacum of Ptolemy and Civitas Atrauatum of Antoninus a Bishops sea and the chiefe towne The citty is very strongly fenced with rampires and bulwarks large populous and replenished with industrious inhabitants diuided into two distinct townes seuerally walled the lesser called la Cite subiect to the Bishop beautified amongst other ornaments with a magnificent Cathedrall Church dedicated to the blessed Virgin a library containing many excellent manuscripts and la Ville appertaining to the Prince hauing faire streets and a rich monastery of 20 thousand crownes yearely revenue Bethune Ayre vpon the riuer Lys. Further vp the Lys about two Dutch miles from Ayre sometimes stoode the strong towne of Teroane Tervanna of Ptolemie and civitas Morinûm of Antoninus in the raigne of Henrie the Eight besieged and won by the English afterwards in the warres betwixt the Emperour Charles the Fift and the French againe surprised and destroyed by the Imperialists Hesdin a strong frontire place opposed against the French built by the Imperialists in the raigne of the Emperour Charles the fift S. Omar a faire and populous towne the second of the country situated vpon the Aha some 8. Dutch miles from the Ocean named thus from S. Omar about the yeare 670 Bishop of the Morini and a monastery by him here erected the occasion and beginning of the towne Here some put the hauen named Portus Iccius by Caesar coniectured from the high shores encompassing the towne and some olde fragments of anchers and of ships found vnder the ground the Ocean as it seemeth hauing since withdrawne it selfe further back and the chanell filled vp It containeth 10 walled townes and 754 burroughs or villages The auncient inhabitants were the Atrebates with part of the Morini FLANDERS BOunded vpon the South with Hainault Artois and Picardie extending this way as farre as Calais vpon the East with Hainault Brabant vpō North-West with the German Ocean vpon the North with the seas of Zealandt and the Honte or the left branch of the Scheldt diuiding it from those Ilands It containeth three diuisions or names of Flanders Gallicant Dutch Flanders and Flanders Imperiall FLANDERS GALLICANT Surnamed thus from its Wallon or French language The bounds are vpon the East Hainault and the Scheldt vpon the South Cambresy vpon the West the riuer Lys and Artois and vpon the North Dutch Flanders The soile is very fruifull in corne and pasturages the aire is healthfull temperate and pleasant Chiefer townes are L'isle named thus from its situation seated sometimes Iland-like amongst fens and mariches The citty is populous rich and well traded Douay vpon the riuer Scarpe where is an vniuersity erected by Philip the second king of Spaine a late seminary of English fugitiues Taurnay vpon the Scheldt Baganum of Ptolemy and Ciuitas Turnacensium of Antoninus beseiged and taken in by Henry the eight and the English in their warrs against Lewis the Twelfth French King Orchies The more ancient inhabitants seeme part of the Nervij of Caesar before mentioned DVTCH FLANDERS SIrnamed thus from its Dutch language The bounds are vpon the South the river Lys and Flanders Gallitant the New Fosse and Artois with part of Picardy vpon the North-west the German Ocean vpon the North the sea of Zealandt and vpon the East the Scheldt and Flanders Imperial The country is marishie sandie leane and lesse fruitfull Chiefer townes are first vpon the sea-coast Greveling Duyenkerck famous for pyracies Oostend for a memorable three yeares siege sustained against the Archdukes Albert and Isabella and the whole power of the house of Burgundy and Spaine in the yeares 1602 1603 and 1604. Neuport for the victory of Count Maurice of Nassau and of the English and Netherlands obtained against the same enimie in the yeare 1600. Sluys vpon a spacious creeke or inlet of the Ocean The hauen is the fairest vpon those Flemmish sea-coasts capeable at once of 500 vessels Within the land Brugge seated about 3 Dutch miles from the sea vpon two navigable fosses drawne from the Sluys The citty is rich faire and of great state containing 4 Italian miles an halfe in circuit about the wals and some 60 parishes The inhabitants hereof were the first discouerers of the Açores from hence now otherwise called the Flemmish Ilands Gendt the chiefe citty of the province and the largest through all the Netherlands containing 7 Italian miles about the wals situated at the confluence of the rivers Scheldt and the Lys and the Dikes called the Lieue and the Moere The towne is at this day nothing so wealthy and potent as in times past occasioned through the iniurie of their princes offended with their often rebellions tumults the miseries of the present late warres their want of trade and forraine negotiation shut in debarred by the Hollanders the condeferate states more powerfull at sea a common calamitie at this day of all the Netherlands subject to the Arch-duchesse Yperen a Bishops sea vpon a rivulet thus named FLANDERS IMPERIALL NAmed thus for that it was anciently held vnder the fies and soueraignty of the German Emperours It is the most Easterly part of the country lying on both sides of the Scheldt and confining vpon Brabant Townes here of better note are Hulst the chiefe towne in the land of Waes Axel likewise lying in Tlant van Waes Rupelmonde at the confluence of the Rivers Scheldt and Rupel the country of Gerardus Mercator Dendermonde at the meetings of the Scheldt and the Dender Beyond the Scheldt Aeist vpon the riuer Dender The towne is large and strongly fortified There moreouer belongeth to the continent hereof the Iland of Cadsandt neighbouring to Sluys and called thus from a towne of this name and that of Biervliet named also from a fort thus called and lying in the Dollaert betwixt Sluys and Axel In the whole country are accompted thirtie walled townes and 1154 boroughs and villages so thick thronging together that to the Spaniards at their first comming hither vnder Philip the second they seemed like one continuate citty None of the townes are very ancient Tournay excepted by an industrious inhabitant being all built since the conquest and dominion of the French vnder the
Forresters and Earles hereof the country before their times being nothing else but a perpetuall wast of Forrests and woods The ancient inhabitants were parts of the Morini and Nervij of Caesar. BRABANT BOunded vpon the West with the riuer Scheldt and Flanders Imperiall vpon the South with Haynault and Namur vpon the East with the Bishopprick of Luick and vpon the North with the riuer Mase diuiding it from Hollandt and Gelderlandt It containeth 80 Dutch miles in circuit in length betwixt Gemblours and S. Gertruden-berg 22 and in breadth betwixt Helmont and Bergen op Zoom 20 of the same miles The country is plaine healthie and pleasant The more Southern parts lying beyond the river Demer are extraordinarily fruitfull especially for corne The more Northern part especially Kempen-landt is sandie lesse firtill and worse inhabited Chiefer townes are Nivelle frontiring vpon Hainault Bruxelles pleasantly seated amongst springs and rivulets in a rich and firtill soile the seat of the Prince Loeuen vpon the riuer Dyle of some 4 English miles in compasse containing within the large circumference of the walls vineyards corne-fields and pasture grounds a sweet seiour of the Muses and a noted Vniversitie founded in the yeare 1416 by Iohn the fourth of that name Duke of Brabant Antverpen vpon the right shore of the Scheldt a Bishops sea and of late yeares through the commodity of the riuer and situation the most rich and famous Empory of Christendome resorted vnto by marchants from all parts At this day through the iniurie of the neighbouring confederate states by their strength of shipping stopping the navigation and passage of the Scheldt it hath quite lost the trade and negotiation it had with forraine nations diverted since from hence to Amsterdam and the townes of Hollandt and Zealandt now onely frequented by some few Lawyers and the receiuers of the princes revenue who doe a little support the estate hereof The citadel or castle hereof is accompted amongst the strongest pieces of Europe raised to bridle and keepe in the towne by Fernando Alvares de Toledo Duke of Alva governour of the Low countries for Philip the second king of Spaine These foure townes make vp the particular province called the Marquisate of the sacred Empire named thus from their situation lying in the Marches or farthest bounds this way of the Germane Empire frontiring vpon Flanders belonging ancientlie to the fief of the kings of France Malines vpon the riuer Demer a soveraigne citty and siegneurie with the little country subject vnto it consisting of about 9 boroughes or villages and making one of the 17 provinces of the Low countries Here is held the Parliament or supreame court of iustice for the parts remaining yet subject to the princes of the house of Burgundy and Austria where are heard the appeales of the seuerall provinces Gemblours Tienen vpon the riuer Geete Lier Herentals Grave vpon the Mase the chiefe towne of the Land of Cuyck Shertogen-bosch a Bishops sea a strong towne of warre accompted amongst the 4 principall cities of the province seated vpon a little rivulet called Dise about a Dutch mile from the meeting thereof and the Mase and the confines of Gelderland S. Gertruden-berg vpon the riuer Douge neere vnto the confluence thereof and the Mase Breda a strong towne of warre vpon the river Mercke some 2 Dutch miles from S. Gertruden-berg The towne belongeth to the family of Nassau more lately after a stout resolute and long siege taken in by the Arch-dutchesse Isabella Steenbergen Bergen op Zoom named thus from the river or water wherevpon it standeth neere vnto the Scheldt a strong frontire towne against the Iland of Tolen in Zealandt Vnto this province belongeth the Iland of Willenstat lying betwixt the townes of Steenbergen and Dort in Holland There are contained in the whole country besides Malines 26 walled townes and 700 burroughs or villages The more ancient inhabitants were the Advatici with part of the Tongri These 9 provinces lie in the part belonging sometimes to Gaule Belgique coÌ„taine some two thirds of the whole Low Countries In pleasure health firtilitie of soile they much surpasse those other commanded by the confederate states but in riches populousnes and trade of marchandise are farre exceeded by the other shut vp by them within their ports commaunders of the sea and hindred from their wonted traficke they had with forraine nations They continue yet subject to the house of Burgundy and Spaine their ancient Lords the townes of Axel Teurnheuse Ardenburg and Sluys with the neighbouring forts and Ilands of Cadsandt and Biervliet in Flanders excepted and in Brabant Bergen op Zoom Steenbergen S. Gertrudenberg and Grave with the Iland of Willenstat held now by the garrisons of the vnited provinces The lawes whereby they are governed are the customes and priviledges and those municipall of each province togither with the civill vnited vnder one prince but not into one order and common-wealth attempted long since as hathbin related by Duke Charles sirnamed the Warriour but not hitherto effected Their religion which onely is allowed is the pretended Romish Catholicke Their languages are the French or Wallon spoken in Flanders Gallicant the South part of Brabant Artois Haynault Luxemburg and Namur whose inhabitants are for this cause now commonly called the Wallons and the Dutch spoken in the rest of the country THE FREE CONFEDERATE PROVINCES THey are bounded vpon the South with Flanders and Brabant and the riuers Mase and Scheldt vpon the East with Cleveland and Westphalen vpon the North-East with Oâ—st-Freislandt divided by the Eems and vpon the North-west with the Germane Ocean They comprehend 8 provinces of the 17 containing in quantity about a third part of the whole Netherlandt the Dukedome of Gelders the Earledomes of Zutphen Holland and Zealandt the Lordships of West-Freislandt Groeningen Vtreicht Over-ysel ZEALANDT COnsisting of sundry lesser Ilands and contained betwixt the Scheldt the Mase They haue vpon the South the Honte or left chanell of the Scheldt dividing them from Flanders vpon the East Brabant vpon the West the German Ocean and vpon the North the Ilands of Hollandt The country is low flat and marishie rich in corne and pasturage but in regard of the moist and foggie aire thereof vnhealthfull and much subject to invndations kept in and defended from the sea by bankes It is divided by the Scheldt into the parts named by the Dutch Be-oester-scheldt and Be-wester-scheldt BE-WESTERS CHELDT IT lyeth betwixt the right chanell of the Scheldt and the Honte or Flanders It containeth the Ilands of Walcheren Zuyt-beverlandt Nort-beverlant and Wolfersdijck WALCHEREN LYing towards the south-South-west against Sluys in Flanders the most rich populous and best traded of the Ilands containing about 10 Dutch miles in Compasse Townes here are Vlissingen Armuyde populous and well traded ports vpon the Ocean Vere Middleburg more within the land vpon a navigable arme or creeke of
West-Freislandt The wet and moorish ground about it affordeth rich pasturages but is altogither vnfit for corne Franicker a schoole or petty Vniversity Bolswaerdt OOSTER-GOE COntaining the Sea-coast betwixt Wester-goe and the country of Groningen Townes here are Lieward or Leewarden the court presidial chancerie and chiefe towne of the proper West-Freislant rich faire and strongly fortified Doccum neere vnto Groninger-landt ZEVEN-WOLDEN COntaining the woodland part towards the South-East and Ouer-ysel It hath not any towne of note THE TERRITORY OF GRONINGEN THis is the most Easterne part of West-Freislandt contained betwixt Ooster-goe and the river Eems or Oost-Freislandt Townes here are Dam neere vnto the Eems and Oost-Frislandt Groeningen the chiefe towne giving the name to the province The towne is of great state large rich and strongly fortified There are contained in the whole West-Freislandt 12. walled townes and some 490 Villages The more auncient inhabitants were the Frisij Maiores of Ptolemy Of these 8 provinces South-Holland Vtrecht on the hither side of the Rhijn with Bommeler-Weert Maes-Wael and Betuwe in Gelderlandt appertaine vnto Gaule Belgick North-Hollandt Veluwe of Gelderlandt Zutphen Over-ysel West-Freislandt and Groningerlandt belong vnto Germany the midle chanell of the Rhijn aunciently parting those two mighty prouinces In bignes pleasure and goodnes of soile they are inferiour to those of the Princes but in trade populousnes wealth strength and number of shipping they much surpasse the other In a manner all their townes stand vpon the Ocean vpon great nauigable riuers creeks or inlets of the sea or amongst deepe vnpassable marishes waters wherby through their strength of shipping never being able sully to be besieged and victualls munition and men being hereby easily conueyed vnto them they are become invincible against the most potent enimies not easily to be mastered vnlesse by their disvnion and the dominion of the sea taken from them Their gouerment since that they shoake of the Spanish yoake hath beene vnder the particular states of each prouince a third part of Gelderlandt and Zutphen excepted where stand the townes of Ruremond Guelders Venlo Watchtendonc Strale and Grol remaining yet subiect to the Arch-dutchesse not vnited into any one entire body of common-wealth and but onely for their better defence confederate together in a more strict league whose delegates resident for the most part at the Hage in Hollandt are called the States Generall Their lawes are their severall municipall lawes customes and priuiledges together with the ciuill or Roman law Their religion which onely publikely is allowed is the reformed following or allowing the doctrine of Caluin Their language is the Dutch DENMARCK THE bounds hereof are vpon the South the river Eydore parting it from Holstein the kingdome of the Germans vpon the West the German Ocean vpon the East the Sea Balticke or the Ooster-sche and vpon the North the kingdomes of Norwey and Swethen It lyeth betwixt the 55 45 60 and 59 5 60 degrees of Northerne Latitude The length betwixt North and South is 265 Italian miles the breadth some 200 of the same miles The more ancient inhabitants were the Sigulones Subalingij Cobandi Chali Phundusij Charudes and Cimbri of Ptolemie and Tacitus inhabiting the necke of land named by Ptolemy from that more famous nation the Cimbrian Chersonese now the 2 Iutlandts the Teutoni of Mela inhabiting the Iland Codanonia now Zeland and the Sitones or Sueones of Tacitus for we cannot out of his description certainely distinguish whether inhabiting the parts hereof lying in the Continent of Scandia now Hallandt Schonen and Bleking These ancient names towards the waine of the Roman Empire worne out and extinguished we read in Beda of the Angli and Vitae inhabiting the Cimbrian Chersonese whereof these later possessed the more Northern parts the former after the same author were seated betwixt the Vitae and the Saxons From the Vitae the Cimbrian Chersonese now beareth the name of Iutlandt The name of the Angli is yet preserved here in the Dukedome of Scleswijck in the towne or name of Angelen In the raigne of the Emperour Valentinian the third these two nations remouing with the Saxons into the Iland of Great Brittaine not long after in the raignes of Theodoric French King of Austrasia and of Anastasius Emperour of the East we lastly finde here the Danes more certainely named thus as hath beene related from the bay Codanus whose Ilands and neighbouring Continent they inhabited Iornandes who liued in the raigne of the Emperour Iustinian the first placeth these in the Continent of Scanzia or Scandia Vnder their Prince Godfrey in the raigne of the Emperour Charles the Great we finde them enlarged Southwards vnto the river Eydore dividing from them the Saxons or Dutch as they remaine at this present From this nation the country hath since beene called Denmarck famous a long time for armes and their great and many victories atchieved abroad themselues never conquered by foraine power Lords sometimes of England and Swethen and at this day of the large kingdome of Norwey and of all the navigations and Ilands situated towards the Pole Arcticke and the North. The religion hereof which is publikely allowed is only the Protestant or Confession of Augspurg first converted to Christianity by S. Ansgarius Bishop of Bremen the generall Apostle of these Northerne parts in the raignes of king Eric the second and of Lewis the Godly Emperour of the West and reformed to the Orthodox tenent by the authority of king Fredericke the first The Ecclesiasticall affaires are directed by the Arch-bishop of Lunden and six other Bishops of Rotschilt Odensee Ripen Wiborch Arhusen and Sleswijck The state is monarchicall the eldest sonne most commonly succeeding vnto the father yet where the states doe chalenge a right of chusing None of the nobility exceede the dignitie of Knights conferred by the free grace of the Prince The titles of Dukes Marqueses Earles Vicounts and Barons are not heard of vnlesse amongst the issue royall The kingdome for the better distribution of iustice containeth 184 Prefectures or juridicall resorts which they call Herets It lyeth partly in the continent of Germany and partly in the maine land of Scandia and in the Ilands of the Sundt betwixt these containing fiue more generall parts or names of Iutlandt the Ilands of the Sundt Halland Schonen and Bleking IVTLANDT COntaining the neck of land in the continent of Germany called by Ptolemie the Cimbrian Chersonese It hath vpon the West and North the German Ocean vpon the East the Sundt and vpon the South the riuer Eydore parting it from Holstein and the German Empire It is diuided into the North and the South Iutlands South Iutland hath beene otherwise named the Dukedome of Iutlandt likewise the Dukedome of Sleswijck from the towne of Sleswijck about the yeare 1280 in the person of Waldemar severed from the kingdome by Eric to be
and Wardhuys named thus from such Castles royall wherein their governours reside Townes of better note are Congel a towne of merchandising vpon the Sundt or sea Balticke opposite to Schagen in Denmarcke Anslo Hammar Staffanger Bishops seas Bergen the chiefe towne of the country seated amongst high mountaines at the bottome of a nauigable and deepe arme or creeke of the maine Ocean named Carmesunt a Bishops sea and a noted port much resorted vnto by forrainers bringing in corne meale bread beere wine and Aqua vitae to supply the want that way of the country and transporting from hence fish furres and wood with London Bruges in the Lowe Countries and Novogrod in Russia one of the foure chiefe Staple townes of the Dutch Hanse marchants The inhabitants in regard hereof are a mixed people compounded of the natiues Dutch and other strangers The meaner sort of houses after the rude fashion of the Country are couered with sods or turfes of earth West of the towne standeth Bergenhuys one of the fiue castles royall the seat of the governour of the Province thus named Trundtheim an Archbishops sea beautified with a faire Cathedrall Church dedicated to S. Olave The towne otherwise is meane Ward-huys within the circle Artick in the Iland Ward from whence it hath beene thus called a meane castle with a little towne adjoyning in the summer time for in the winter by reason of the extremity of the cold and the long darknesse and absence of the Sunne it is not well habitable the seat of the governour for these more cold and frozen parts The Pole Articke is here elevated 71½ degrees The longest continuance of the sunne aboue the Horizon lasteth two whole months three weekes one day and some 7 houres the farthest point North-wards of Norwey the continent of Europe THE ILANDS OF NORWEY VNto the Crowne of Norwey belong Islandt Freislandt and Groenlandt Ilands situated in the wide Ocean held now in this right by the kings of Denmarke ISLANDT LYing vnder the Circle Articke and containing 100 German miles in length and about 60 in breadth The country is cold rockie mountainous barren and ill inhabited yeelding not any corne neither trees except the Iuniper In regard hereof the common people eate bread made of stockfish in steed of houses built with timber dwell in cells cauernes digged in the bottomes of their rocks mountaines Through the benefit notwithstanding of the sea and the accesse of strangers they haue brought vnto them corne meale bread wine beare iron tinne mony timber wood and all other commodities which they need whereof the richer sort make vse The sea coasts are better stored with inhabitants through the advantage of their trade with forrainers and of their fishing the chiefe reuenue of the Ilanders The natiue profits the Land affordeth are flesh of beeues and mutton butter skinnes of wild beasts horses haukes a course kinde of cloath they call Watman and brimstone It containeth foure main divisions named from their situations West fiordung Auslending a fiordung Norlending a fiordung and Sundlending a fiordung signifying the Westerne Easterne Northerne and Southerne quarters The only places of note are Halar in the Northerne part of the Iland Schalholt in the Southerne Bishops seas having petty schooles wherein the Latine tongue is taught whereof each containeth 24 schollers maintained by the Bishops Bestede a castle the seat of the gouernour for the king of Denmarck The more eminent mountaines are Hecla feareful with apparitions of dead men nourishing the opinion of Popish Purgatory Helga that of the Crosse Aethna-like flaming with fires Not farre from Hecla brimstone is digged in great abundance sent into forraine parts The inhabitants are originally Norvegians thought first to haue ariued here about the yeare 1000 driuen out of their country by king Harold sirnamed with the faire locks Wee heare not of them notwithstanding vntill the time of Adelbert Bishop of Bremen whom they should send vnto desiring Preachers and Ministers of the Gospell whereby they might be instructed deceasing about the yeare 1070. Their religion is the confession of Augspurg or that of the Danes gouerned by two Bishops of Halar Schalholt before mentioned brought vp in the Vniversitie of Copen-hagen Their language is the Danish or an old corrupt Dutch Most authors place here Thyle of Tacitus and the ancients Ortelius iudgeth this rather to be Norway Others Schetland neere the Orcades It wanteth altogether probabilitie that the Romans by whom sailing about Great Bretaigne that Iland should be first discouered aduanced ever thus farre Northwards FREISLANDT STanding vpon the Southwest of Islandt vnknowne to the ancients and bigger in quantitie then Ireland like Islandt cold barren and without corne and fruits The principall towne is of the same name with the Iland The inhabitants liue most vpon fish got in their sea their chiefe food and truck with forrainers They obey the kings of Denmarck GROENLANDT NAmed thus from the greenenesse thereof affording good pasturage in Summer as are the other two Ilands from their Ice and Frosts It is seated betwixt the 65 and 77 degrees of Northerne Latitude and lieth for the greatest part within the Circle Articke and Frigid Zone large and of great extent much resorted vnto by the English and Dutch nations fishing there for Whales Here is a monastery of Predicant Friers seated in the North-East part of the Iland not farre from a flaming or burning mountaine vpon hot scalding springs whose waters serue the Monastery as a stoue and to boyle the meat of the order The gardens hereof a thing miraculous in such a latitude in regard of this heat qualifying the naturall temper of the ayre flourish all the yeare long with hearbs and sweet smelling flowers The neighbouring Ocean also by meanes hereof never freezeth affording great plenty of fowle and fish for the reliefe of the Monkes and bordering Ilanders Here is likewise Alba situated not farre from the Monastery Other habitations either are not or not hitherto knowne the Iland not being yet fully discouered All places where the marriners touch yeeld Deere white beares plenty of wood cast vpon the shore The kings of Denmarck challenge the right hereof SVVEATHLAND BOunded vpon the South with Denmarcke the sea Balticke and Leifland vpon the West with Norwey vpon the North with Myrmanskoy More or the Frozen sea and vpon the East with the dominions of the Great Duke of Muscovia The country is large extended aboue a thousand miles in length betwixt the Balticke and the Frozen seas full of mountaines and vast woods yet well inhabited and firtill for these Northerne parts Lapland and the regions lying within the Circle Arcticke almost excepted which yeeld no corne or any other fruits as doe all lands else of that miserable and cold Latitude No place affordeth greater plenty of minerals especially of brasse whence infinite store of great ordinance are made It hath many great lakes and rivers but in regard
hereof hath after Ptolemy almost that proportion to a Meridian or Greater Circle as hath eleven to twenty It comprehendeth two Kingdomes of England and Scotland of late yeares vnited vnder one Prince of which seuerally with their Ilands ENGLAND The bounds hereof are vpon the South West and East the same with those of great Brittaine vpon the North frō Scotlād the Tweede and Solway Frith with the riuer of Eske running into the Solway It is situated betwixt the 50⅙ and 55 48 60 degrees of Northern Latititude and is subiect to the 8 9 and 10 Climes The longest day in the most Southerly point hereof is 16 houres and a quarter At Berwicke the point most Northerly it contayneth 17 houres and 48 minutes It hath in length after this computation 340 Italian miles The Aire is close thicke moyst and much subiect to winds and stormy weather yet very healthfull sweet and exceedingly temperate not molested with those vehement and piercing colds of Winter or scorching heats of Summer vsuall to regions of the same Clime or of more Northerly Latitudes In regard hereof the people ordinarily here liue very long if not broken with surfeits and bad diets healthie and not much encombred with diseases The Country is plaine for the most part or rising with easie downes seeming plaines a farre of Wales and the English Apennine excepted pleasant and most fruitfull flourishing with a perpetuall greenesse of meadowes corne-fields woods and grassie hills and stored with all varieties both for necessitie and ornament which the colder Clime can bring forth The cloath and wools hereof for quantity and finenesse exceed those of all other parts much desired abroad and cloying forreine markets with an ouer great abundance No Countrey yeeldeth such plenty of beeues sheepe and cattell Corne serueth here for both vses of bread and drinke yet not with that superfluity that much can be spared through the luxurie of the Nation or their neglect of tillage and the iniury of the great ones turning arable to green swarths ouermuch addicted to pasturage and feeding The hilly and more barren parts swell with profitable and rich minerals of silver copper iron sea-coale allom but more especially of tinne and lead The seas swarme with fish but not much regarded by the Natiues through their inexcusable slouth or glutted with their flesh and store of land provision The Inhabitants most commonly are tall and bigge of stature compared with Southerne Nations fayre especially the women commended for their lasting beauties proper well proportioned and surpassing others in a more apt posture and gracefull carriage of their bodies graue witty pleasant well spoken generous bountifull or rather prodigall spending aboue their ranke and meanes lavish and vnconstant in their apparrell and liberall dainty and neate feeders In war they are accompted valiant but not so hardie feirce vndaunted fearelesse of danger not accustomed to fly resolute constant and quickly disciplined No nation hath afforded more braue and expert Sea-men with stout and swiftships failing in all weathers Seas and Oceans The Learned in all ages haue beene much deseruing and no lesse esteemed Beda Alensis Scotus Occam the two Bacons Bradwardine other auncients to omit those of latter times From hence Germany and the Westerne parts were first recouered from ignorance and barbarisme overwhelmed with a deluge of the rude Northerne Natitions From hence more especially France at two severall times by the Brittish Druides vnder the Gaules and by Alcuinus vnder Charles the Great and the French the first publicke reader at Paris the occasion and Authour of that most auncient and flourishing Vniversity At this day in the iudgment of vnpartiall relaters amongst other learning they not so much equall as exceed all others in Poetry Oratory close deepe and substantiall penning and composing of those subiects which they vndertake sermons practique Devinity but whose most best writings being English are not so well knowne abroad The Vulgar languages here spoken are the Welsh and Cornish remanders as are the people of the ancient Brittish and the English originally Dutch brought hither by the Saxons although now much differing frō the present Dutch or German through a long disunion of the 2 nations the mixture hereof with the Norman or French Latine The religion of the Pagan Britons was the same with the auncient Gaules who first planted the Christian it is vncertaine The Magdeburgenses in their 1 Century and 2 booke and Chapter bring in S. Paule heare preaching the Gospel out of the 9 sermon of Theodoret ad Groecos Infideles Surius S. Peter in his 29 of Iune out of Simeon Metaphrastes The second of these their authorities I haue not yet seene The first of them in the place recited relateth no such matter An old manuscript in the Vatican remembred by Baronius maketh otherwise Ioseph of Aramathaea to haue beene the first confirmed by Malmesburiensis in his Antiquities of the monastery of Glastenbury Higher proofes in this wee haue none Of something better authority Nicephorus Callistus Dorotheus and the Menologie of the Greekes mention Simon Zelotes who here should suffer martyrdome the time they set not downe contradicted by the Roman Martyrologie and that of Beda both which affirme that he dyed in Persia. Besids these Dorotheus nameth Aristobulus remembred by S. Paule in the last Chapter of his Epistle to the Romans whom he entitleth Bishop of the Britons Eusebius Socrates and all the more approued Ecclesiasticall writers are wholy silent in this argument In the raigne of the Emperours Antoninus Verus Aurelius Commodus after Beda or more rightly of Commodus vnder king Lucius Eleutherius being then Bishop of Rome the Gospell in Britaine is first publikly receiued continuing from that time in full rest and without molestation vntill the tenth persecution vnder Dioclesian and the holy Martyrdome of S. Alban a Citizen of Verolamium amongst others put to death neare vnto that citty in the place where afterwards was built by great Offa the famous Monastery of S. Alban in time occasioning the towne thus named In what manner this Lucius was King of the Britons Nennius and Beda who first tell the story mention not Baronius in his Annalls seemeth to stand doubtfull betwixt three opinions I either that he commaunded amongst the Britons beyond the Roman pale 2 or that he was some substitute king in the Province vnder the Romans 3 or newly elected by the seditious Roman Britons rebelling then against Commodus The second opinion is the most probable the custome of the Romans being considered hauing aunciently kings for their subjects and that he ruled ouer only a part of the Roman Province That about or before this tyme the Britons had receiued the Christian faith the words of Tertullian liuing in the raigne of Commodus and Severus doe sufficiently witnesse Under the Emperour Constantine the Great borne in this
Metellanus Caratacus Corbredus Dardannus Corbredus the second Luctacus Mogaldus Conarus Ethodius Satrael Donaldus the first Ethodius the second Athirco Nathalocus Findochus Donaldus the second Donaldus the third Crathilinthus Fincormachus Romachus Angusianus Fethelmachus and Eugenius slaine with the whole strength and flowre of the Nation by the joint armes of the Picts and Romans vnder Maximus Lieftenant of the Province for the Emperour Gratian after whom the remainder of the vanquished Scots being banished their Countrey by an edict of the Romans should follow a vacancie or Interregnum of 27 yeares The vntruth and absurditie of this whole narration the consent of auncient and approued Authours doth sufficiently manifest placing here the Novantae Caledonij and other names of the Britons without mentioning the Scots vntill the raigne of the Emperour Honorius Wee adde that the Roman Historians as neither the more auncient Brittish or English relate not any such conquest of the Scots or Northerne part of Britaine vnder Gratian and Maximus of which more great and remarkeable victory they would not doubtlesse haue beene silent if any such had beene Their succession from more certaine and cleare times follow Fergusius named by the Scottish Historians Fergusius the second whom they suppose to be the son of Erthus son to Echadius or Ethodius brother to Eugenius slaine in battaile by Maximus and the Romans in the yeare 404 and raigne of the Emperour Honorius returning from exile and through the aide and confederacy of the Picts and the absence of the Roman Legions drawne out into the Continent against the barbarous Nations by Honorius with the rest of the banished Scots recouering their lost countrey created King in the yeare aforesaid some 27 yeares after the decease of Eugenius The more vnpartiall and judicious make this Prince to be the first king of the Scots of Britaine That the Scots were possessed of a part of Britaine in the raigne of Honorius we haue before proued The manner we leaue vnto the credit of our Scottish Relaters Beda otherwise calleth the King or Captaine of the Scots vnder whom they first inhabited this Iland by the name of Reuda The time he setteth not downe Eugenius eldest son to Fergusius The kingdome of the Scots contained at this time the part of present Scotland extended along the Westerne Ocean from the Frith of Dunbriton Northwards He deceased in the yeare 449 slaine in battaile against Hengist and the Saxons Dongaldus brother to Eugenius Constantinus brother to Dongaldus and Eugenius Congallus son to Dongaldus Goranus brother to Congallus Eugenius the second son to Congallus Congallus the second brother to Eugenius the second Kinnatellus brother to Engenius and Congallus the second Aidanus son to Goranus in the time of S. Columbanus and of Austine the Monke the Apostle of the English He deceased in the yeare 604. Kennethus the first Eugenius the third son to Aidanus Ferchardus the first son to Eugenius the third succeeding in the yeare 622. Donaldus brother to Ferchardus the first Ferchardus the second son to Ferchardus the first Maldvinus son to Donaldus Eugenius the fourth son to Donaldus and brother to Maldvinus Eugenius the fift son to Ferchardus the second Amberkelethus son to Findanus son to Eugenius the fourth Eugenius the sixt brother to Amberkelethus Mordacus son to Amberkelethus Etfinus son to Eugenius the sixt succeeding in the yeare 730. Eugenius the seauenth son to Mordacus Fergusius the second son to Etfinus Solvathius son to Eugenius the seauenth Achaius son to Etfinus he deceased in the yeare 809 Charles the great then commaunding ouer the French Empire Vnder these two Princes after my Authours begun first the auncient league betwixt the French Scottish Nations Congallus the third cosen German to Achaius Dongallus son to Solvathius Alpinus son to Achaius His mother was sister vnto Hungus king of the Picts in whose right the heires of Hungus being deceased he made claime to the Pictish kingdome the occasion of a long and bloody warre betwixt the two nations the issue whereof was the death of Alpinus overcome in battaill and slaine by the Picts and the finall ouerthrow and extirpation of the Picts not long after by king Kenneth and the Scots Scotland at this time contayned onely the Westerne moity of the present extending from Solway Frith Northwards together with the Redshanks or Westerne Ilands hauing the Picts vpon the East vpon the South the Britons of Cumberland and vpon the North and West the Ocean from Ireland Kennethus the second son to Alpinus He vtterly subdued droue out the Picts and enlarged the Scottish Empire ouer the whole North part of the Iland divided from the Britons and English by Solway Frith and the riuer Tweede He deceased in the yeare 854. Donaldus the second brother to Kennethus the second Constantinus the second son to Kennethus the second He was slaine in fight against the Danes in the yeare 874. Ethus brother to Constantine and son to Kenneth Gregorius son to Dongallus Donaldus the third son to Constantine the second Milcolumbus the first son to Donaldus He added to the Scottish dominions the Countryes of Westmoreland and Cumberland part sometimes of Northumberland given vnto him and his Successours by Edmund Monarch of the West Saxons to be held vnder the right and homage of the English Indulfus slaine against the Danes Duffus sonne to Milcolumbus the first Culenus sonne to Indulfus Kennethus the third brother to Duffus By the consent of the states assembled in Parliament he made the kingdome haereditary or to descend vnto the next ofkin to the deceased which vntill that time had vncertainely wandred amonst the princes of the royall blood the vncles most commonly being preferred before the nephewes the elder in yeares before those who were yonger He was slaine by the malice and treason of Fenella a woman in the yeare 994. Constantinus the third son to Culenus chosen king by his faction against the law of Kenneth the third opposed by Milcolumbus son to Kenneth He was slaine in fight by Kenneth base brother to Milcolumbus Grimus son or nephew to King Duffus elected against Milcolumbus and the law of Kenneth overthrown in battaill and slaine by Milcolumbus Milcolumbus the second sonne to Kenneth the third king by right of conquest and the law of Kenneth He confirmed by act of Parliament the Law touching the succession made by his father After this Prince the eldest sons of the Kings or the next of their blood ordinarily succeeded in the Scottish kingdome Hee deceased without male issue slaine by treason Duncanus son to Crinus chiefe Thane of the Westerne Ilands and Beatresse eldest daughter to Milcolumbus the second He was slaine by the treason of Macbethus Macbethus son to the Thane of Anguis and Doaca yonger daughter to King Milcolumbus the second after seventeene yeares tyranny and vsurpation overcome and slaine by Milcolumbus son to Duncanus Milcolumbus the third son to Duncanus succeeding in the yeare 1057. He marryed vnto Margaret
the Great king of the Frenchmen vnder their king Godfrey wee finde them in Aymonius extended Southwards in the Chersonesse as far as the riuer Eydore dividing them from the Saxons beyond the Elb the present bounds now of Denmark from the land of Holstein and the German Empire In the yeare 787 and raigne of Brithric king of the West-Saxons agreeing with the 20 yeare of Charles the Great we first heare of them in England with three ships landing in the south-South-West parts hereof not so much attempting a conquest as making a discouery of the country In the next raigne of Great Egbert they first to any purpose invaded the Iland arriuing at seuerall times in the Iland of Lindisferne in the North in Wales and in the I le of Shepeye in Kent not without much difficulty driuen out by Egbert He deceasing they fell on with greater power and rage in the raignes of his sons Ethelwolf and Athelstan and of the succeeding English Monarches sons to Ethelwolf laying waste and beating downe all before them and subduing the Provinces of the Mercians East-Angles and Northumbrians where the English Governours or Princes being either slaine or beaten out they erected petty tyrannies of their owne Nation omitting no kinde of barbarous cruelty vpon the miserable and distressed inhabitants By the wisdome patience and great valour of learned Alfred this violent torrent is somewhat asswaged and the edge of their fury abated By Edward surnamed the Elder the East-Angles are recovered and vnited againe to the English Empire By Athelstan Northumberland or the rest of England the Danes being either wholy expulsed by him or made subject to his government mixing amongst and ioyning in alliance with the English By Edmund the first and Edred the Danes rebelling in Northumberland are againe vanquished and reduced into the English obedience after whom we heere read no more of them during the more peaceable raignes of Edwy Edgar and Edward surnamed the Martyr and vntil Ethelred the second In the vnfortunate raigne of this Prince they begin afresh their intermitted pyracies war which after the treacherous massacre of the Nation by Etheldred they maintained with a more eager pursuit and bloudie revenge managed in person by Swaine and Canutus their powerfull kings In the yeare 1016 both sides wearied with their continuall fights and mutuall butcheries they come to a composition with the English and the kingdome is divided betwixt the reconciled kings Canutus son to Swaine and Edmund Ironside son to Etheldred The death of the Iron-side hapning in the same yeare put shortly an end to this division and a beginning to the Monarchie of the Danes after whom the English loath as before any more to hazard submitted voluntarily to Canutus and the Danish government The time from the first arrivall of the Danes in the raigne of Brithricus king of the West-Saxons vnto the conquest of England by Canutus was 229 yeares The male issue of Canutus fayling in his son Hardi-canute the English in the person of Edward surnamed the Confessour resume the soveraignty the Danes thrust out The kings of England follow of the Danish descent off-spring Canutus surnamed the Great king of England Denmarke Norweye and Sweden son to Swaine He tooke to wife Emme sister to Richard the third Duke of Normandy widow to king Ethelred mother to Edward the Confessour Peace his kingdome established hee vnburthened the land of the multitudes of his Danish souldiers contented with a large salary at the request of Emme sent back into their Country Hauing governed with much piety iustice moderation for the space of 19 yeares hee deceased in the yeare 1035 buried at Winchester Harold king of England naturall son to Canutus intruding in the absence of his brother Hardi-canute to whom England with Denmarke had beene allotted by the will of Canutus He deceased without issue in the yeare 1040. Hardi-canute king of England son to Canutus Emma He deceased likewise sans issue in the yeare 1042 the last prince of the Danish bloud The house of Canutus being thus extinguished the Crowne of England all Danish forraine bloud by a present Decree of the States excluded returneth againe vpon the English Edward for his Saint-like life surnamed the Coufessour son to Ethelred Emma is sent for out of France where with Richard William Dukes of Normandy he had soiourned during the Danish vsurpation by a generall consent succeedeth in the kingdome to whom besides his nearenesse in regard of his English descent the right of the Danes did seeme in a manner to appertaine being halfe brother to the late deceased king THE KINGDOME OF ENGLAND recovered by the English or VVest-Saxons EDward surnamed the Confessour king of England son to king Ethelred the second Emma Daughter to Richard the second Duke of Normandy succeeding in the yeare 1042 Edward surnamed the out-law eldest son to Edmund Ironside the right heire remaining then in Hungarie passed ouer by the practise of Queene Emma very gracious in the subjects eyes or for that liuing in too forreine remote parts He deceased in the yeare 1066 marryed but hauing neuer vsed the company of his wife reputed in those blind times amongst his many true noble vertues deserving his accompt and name of Saint the last in the line masculine of the house of the West-Saxons Edward deceased Edgar Ethelinge the true heire son to Edward surnamed the out-law neglected as too young a forreiner borne in Hungary Harold son to Goodwin Earle of Kent Duke of the West-Saxons without either choyse or dislike of the irresolute English intrudeth into the Gouernment well approved for his great valour other Princely vertues befitting a king Harold king of England son to Goodwin Duke of the West-Saxons Earle of Kent succeeding in the yeare 1066 opposed by Harold Haardread king of Denmarke challenging the Crowne in the right of his Danish succession and by William surnamed the Bastard Duke of Normandy pretending the donation of Edward the Confessour The Dane vanquished slaine at Stamfordbridge in Yorkeshire with his torne and wearied troupes adventuring shortly after his person and the fortunes of the English against the Norman at the great battaile neare Hasting in Sussex he there most vnfortunately within the first yeare of his raigne lost both his kingdome and life the last English or Saxon king succeeded vnto by William the Conquerour and the Normans whose turne now falleth in the last place THE KINGDOME OF ENGLAND vnder the Normans THe word Normans or Nortmans signified Northerne men with the Dutch of which Nation and language they were The name was common to the Danes Norvegians and Swethlanders or to whatsoeuer German people inhabiting towards the Pole Artique and the North taken vp or giuen vnto them from such their more Northerly situation An ancient Frencb Historian liuing in the raigne of the Emperour Lewis the Godly about which time we finde them
although now remote from the sea by the intervenings of beeche and sands Lime a small village neere vnto Hide Lemannae of Antoninus and the Notitia then a noted sea-port the station of a foot company of the Turnacenses It standeth now within the land Vpon the West hereof is Rumney marsh extended along the Ocean for some 14 miles in length and 7 in breadth low fenny trenched with ditches far rich but very vnhealthfull and ill inhabited The country hath beene gotten from the sea from whose violence it is yet defended by bankes seemeth more aunciently to haue made the noted roade or harbour named Portus Lemannis by Antoninus Rumney a cinque port and the chiefe towne of the Marsh. It is now on all sides enclosed with the land In the Weald or woodlands Newenden vpon the riuer Rother Anderida of the Notitia the station of a foote company of the Abulci tooke and sacked by Ella the first king of the South-Saxons From hence the Wealds of Kent and Sussex are named Andreds-wald Andreds-flege in the more auncient English Historians Below is the I le of Oxney made by the divided streames of the Rother Tenterden Cranbroke townes of cloathing in the same weald Vpon the river Medwey Tunbridge Maidston Vagniacis of Antoninus a populous and large towne Rochester Durobrovis of Antoninus Rotschester Castellum Cantuariorum of Beda a Bishops-sea founded not long after Canterbury in the person of S. Iustus Here the Medwey affordeth a deepe safe roade for the kings Navy Royall Further downe lyeth the I le of Shepey Toliatis of Ptolemy encompassed with the Ocean the divided channels of the Medwey named the East West Swale whose chiefe town is Queen borough defended with a strong castle commaunding the entrance of the river founded and thus named by Edward the third in honour of his Queene Philippa Vpon the East of the Medwey Sittingburne Feversham Lenham Durolevum of Antoninus Neerer London Dartford vpon the river Darent Vpon the Thames Gravesend a noted roade for ships passage to London Greenwich honoured with one of the Kings Royall Houses the happy birth-place of Queene Elizabeth of famous memory The ancient Inhabitants were the Cantij of Ptolemy afterwards the Vitae of Beda by Hengist erected to a kingdome the first Christian of the English converted by S. Austine It containeth 5 Lathes or great divisions S. Austine Sheepway Scray Aileford and Sutton 64 Hundreds and 398 parishes SVSSEX BOunded vpon the South with the English Channell vpon the East and West with Kent and Hantshire and vpon the North with Surrey The more Southerne parts swell with chaulkie downes yet the shore is plaine and open but rockie full of shelues and yeelding few good harbours Those towards the North are ouer-spred with forrests and woods S. Leonards forrest Word Ashdown with others part of Andreads-wald and continuate with those of Kent much diminished of late yeares hy meanes of glasse and iron-workes Chiefer townes are along the Sea-coast Rhie at the mouth of the river Rother an hauen towne of good note and an appendant of the Cinque ports New Winchelsey distinguished thus from the old Vindelis of Antoninus now covered with Ocean vpon a steepe hill over-looking the sea a member of the Cinque ports The hauen is warped vp and the town by that meanes decayed Hasting the first of the Cinque ports Vpon the North hereof standeth Battell occasioned by the Abbey thus named founded by the Conquerour in the place where he subdued Harold and the English The Monastery suppressed the towne remaineth Lewes the best towne of those parts fatall to king Henry the third ouercome here and taken prisoner by his disloyall Barons Brighthelmsted vpon the Ocean Not farre of is Ederington a small village Portus Adurni of the Notitia the station of a foot company of the Exploratores Stening Arundell a faire castle and towne whereof the Earles of Arundell are entitled of the most honourable house and name of the Fitz-Alans now of the Hawards Chichester almost encompassed with the river Lavant the chiefe towne of the country builded by Cissa the second king of the South-Saxons and a Bishops sea brought hither in the raigne of the Conquerour by Bishop Stigand frō Celsey a neighbouring peninsula vpon the South whose towne the more auncient seat of the Bishops is now worne into the sea More Northwards Midherst Petworth The more ancient inhabitants were part of the Regni of Ptolemy afterwards of the South-Saxons It containeth 6 greater divisions which they call Rapes Hasting Pevensey Lewes Bramber Arundell and Chichester 57 Hundreds 18 Market townes and 312 parishes SVTH-REY BOunded vpon the South and East with Sussex and Kent vpon the North with the river of Thames from Middlesex and vpon the West with Barkshire Hantshire The aire is sweet and pleasant the soile fruitfull vpon the skirts in the midst more barren Places of more note are Farneham and Guildford vpon the river Weye Croydon graced with the palace of the Arch-bishops of Canterbury None-such a magnificent and royall palace of the kings Vpon the Thames Otlands at the fall of the riuer Weye Richmond royall houses of the kings Nere Otlands at Coway stakes the Thames is forded thought to be the place where Caesar passed the river against Cassivellan king of the Britons Kingston the chiefe towne Here vsually were crowned the auncient Monarchs of the English Saxons At Woodcote a forrest or wood not farre from hence are seene yet the ruines of some ancient city conjectured to be Naeomagus of Ptolemy and Noviomagus of Antoninus Lambeth the seat or residence of the Arch-bishops of Canterbury quart of London Southwark quart of the same city The auncient inhabitants were part of the Regni of Ptolemy afterwards of the South-Saxons It conteyneth 13 Hundreds 8 Market townes and 140 parishes BARKE-SHIRE BOunded vpon the East with Surreye vpon the North with the river of Thames from Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire vpon the West with Wiltshire and vpon the South with Hantshire The Easterne part is woody and lesse fertile Those towards the South rise with grassie downes apt pasturage for sheepe Vnder the hills more Northwards lyeth the vaile of White-horse a deep and fat soyle yeelding plenty of corne Chiefer places are vpon the Thames Windsore a royall castle and house of the kings with a towne adjoyning the place of creation of the most honourable knights of the Gartar vpon a steep hill enjoying a large and pleasant prospect ouer the riuer and subject country Maidenhead Reading neare vnto the confluence of the Thames and Kennet Wallengford Calleva of Ptolemy and Antoninus the city of the Attrebatij Abingdon In the great and vast forrest of Windsore Okingham Vpon the river of Kennet Hungerford Newbery Close by is Speene now a meane village Spinae of Antoninus Amongst the downes Lamborne In the vale Wantage Faringdon The ancient inhabitants were the Attrebatij of
Ptolemy afterwards part of the West-Saxons It conteineth 20 Hundreds 12 Market townes and 140 parishes HANT-SHIRE BOunded vpon the East with Surrey and Sussex vpon the South with the English Channell vpon the North with Barkeshire and vpon the West with Wiltshire and Dorsetshire The aire is fresh and most healthfull the soile rich in pasturage and corne in the borders shaded with forrests and woods in the middest more champian and open Chiefer townes are Portesmouth a noted roade for ships and a strong towne of warre in Portsey an Iland close by the Continent wherevnto it is joined by a bridge The bay or harbour hereof is named 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by Ptolemy or the Great hauen Southanton Clausentum of Antoninus a well traded port vpon a coing of land betwixt the riuers Test and Alre ouer-looking a faire and spacious bay named by Ptolemy Trisantonis Ostium or the Mouth of the river Anton naming the towne as this doth the country West of the bay and for many miles along the Ocean towards Dorsetshire lyeth New-Forrest wooddy solitary and better stored with deere and wild beast then men made thus with the pulling downe of 36 Churches and townes by king William the Conquerour through his hatred to the English or greater loue to his sports or to giue a more free entrance to his Normans if any insurrection or tumult should happen amongst the discontented natiues fatall to his issue not without just revenge by the violent and vntimely deaths of William Rufus of Henry son to the Curthose his eldest son The sea betwixt this the I le of Wight affordeth a safe roade for ships commaunded by Hurst Calshot castles built to defend this empty shore by king Henry the eight vpon the points of two narrow and long promontories within the Ocean Christs-Church vpon the sea and meetings of the river Stoure Aven Ringwood vpon the Aven Regnum of Antoninus naming the Regni of Ptolemy Higher vpon the Aven and borders of Wiltshire Chardford named thus from Cerdic the first king of the West-Saxons and his great victory obtained there against Natanleod and the Britons Rumsey vpon the river Test. Andover Winchester Venta of Ptolemy Antoninus seated in a pleasant bottome amongst hils a Bishops sea and the chiefe towne the royall seat sometimes of the West-Saxon Monarchs Basingstoke Hard by standeth Basing a magnificent and spacious house the seate of the Marqueses of Winchester Not far off is Silchester the carkafe of a Roman towne named Vindonum by Antoninus The walls remaine yet almost entire and containe some two Italian miles in compasse The more auncient inhabitants were the Belgae of Ptolemy with part of the Regni of the same authour inhabiting the Sea-coast afterwards the West-Saxons Here are accompted 40 Hundreds 18 Market townes and 253 parishes VVILT-SHIRE BOunded on the East with Barkeshire and Hantshire vpon the North with Glocestershire and vpon the West South with Somersetshire Dorsetshire The country is champian open in the middle and towards the South tooke vp with grassie plaines to the North more hilly sprinkled with woods most healthy pleasant stored with all profitable and vsefull varieties Towns of more note are Marleborough Cunetio of Antoninus vpon the Kennet nere vnto the head of the river Ramesbury a meane village vpō the same river nerer Hungerford sometimes a Bishops sea for VViltshire erected by Edward surnamed the Elder Monarch of the English Saxons vnited afterward with Sherborne by Bishop Herman in the raigne of Edward the Confessour lastly remoued to Sarisbury in the time of the Conquerour Crekelade vpon the Thames or Isis. By Breden Forrest Malmesbury a walled towne mounted vpon a hill Castle-like and encompassed with the river Avon Maildulphi urbs of Beda named thus from S. Maidulphus an Irish Scottish Monke and Anchoret Chippen-ham vpon the same riuer Calne memorable for a famous Synode of the English and a disputation held vnder Arch-bishop Dunstan in the raigne of Edward surnamed the Martyr betwixt the Monks and married Priests whose cause in the credit and opinion of the Vulgar fell with the chamber wherein they were assembled and thorough the preservation of Saint Dunstan thought to bee miraculous who onely sate firme and vnhurt the patron and defendour of the Monks Bradford The Devices or Vices In the Plaines Ambresburie vpon the Aven Close by is the monument of Stone-henge set vp after Mat. of Westminster by Aurelius Ambrosius king of the Britons in memorie of the British nobles vnder Vortigerne slaine there by Hengist and the Saxons Sarisburie encompassed with the plaines in a pleasant bottome at the meetings of the rivers Aven and Nadder running thorough and watering the many streets thereof a Bishops See The towne is not auncient begun since the raigne of king Richard the first raysed out of the ashes of old Sarisbury Sorbiodunum of Antoninus the dead ruines of a Roman fort or towne of some halfe a mile in compasse seated a mile of vpon the hils forsaken by the Bishop and inhabitants for want of water and other defects remouing hither Wilton naming the countrie at the meetings of the riuers Willey and Nadder a meane village yet governed by a Maiour graced chiefely with a faire house of the Earles of Penbroke Werminster Verlucio of Antoninus The whole is diuided into 29 Hundreds 19 Market townes and 304 Parishes The auncients inhabitants were part of the Belgae of Ptolemy afterwards of the West-Saxons SOMERSET-SHIRE BOunded vpon the East with Wiltshire and the riuer Avon from Glocestershire vpon the North with the sea of Severne from Wales vpon the West with Devonshire and vpon the South with Dorsetshire The soyle is fat deepe and in some places marishie and subject to invndations to the East vpon the edge of Wiltshire woody overspread with the great forest of Selwood Within arise Mendip hills rich in mines of lead Chiefer townes are Bath Aquae Calidae of Ptolemy and Aquae Solis of Antoninus named thus from the hot medicinable waters thereof a walled towne and the chiefe of the Countrie seated in a bottome vpon the river Avon Amongst the hills environing the towne is Bannesdowne Mons Badonicus of Gildas and the auncient English Historians famous for a great victorie of king Arthur and the Britons obtayned against the Saxons The trenches are yet seene although obscurely where the English lay encamped Wells vnder Mendip hils a Bishops See with Bath Glastenburie amongst rivers and waters in the Iland Avallon or Avallonia of Malmesburiensis occasioned by the great and rich Monasterie thus named the place of buriall of sundrie of the West-Saxon Monarches founded by king Ina in the place where was thought to haue stood the Cell of Ioseph of Arimathea the first supposed Apostle of the Britons Here in the raigne of king Henrie the second was found the graue and inscription of Arthur king of the Britons discovered by
the songs of the Welsh Bards The countrey on all sides is fenny Marishy distinguished into the names of Gedney Moore Sedege Moore Audre Moore Heth Moore Queenes Moore Brent-Marsh strong fastnesses of king Alfred and his English distressed by the warres of the all conquering Danes Ilchester Iscalis of Ptolemy vpon the riuer Evill Crookehorne vpon the river Parret Bridge-water vpon the Parret The arme of the sea below this the confluence of the Parret with another river from the fens of Glastenbury is named Vzella of Ptolemy Taunton vpon the riuer Tone Vpon the Ocean VVatchet Dunster The whole contayneth 42 Hundreds 33 Market-townes 385 Parishes The auncient inhabitants were part of the Belgae of Plolemy afterwards of the West-Saxons DORSET-SHIRE BOunded vpon the North with Somerset-shire aud VViltshire vpon the East with Hantshire vpon the South with the English Channell and vpon the VVest with Devonshire The soile is fruitefull especially Moreland or the valley of white-hart Townes of better note are Shaftsbury vpon the edge of Wiltshire Vpon the Stour Blandford Winburne Vindogladia of Antoninus Vpon Moreland Shirburne sometimes a Bishops See remoued to Sarisbury in the raigne of the Conquerour Vpon the Frome Dorchester Dunium of Ptolemy and Durnovaria of Antoninus the chiefe towne Along the Sea-coast Poole within a spacious Bay vpon a point of land almost encompassed with the sea Beyond the bay lyeth the I le of Purbecke a Peninsula environed on three sides with the Ocean Weymouth and Melcomb devided with the little riuer of Wey a noted Port. Vpon the South hereof standeth Portland sometimes an Iland now joyned to the Continent defended with a castle founded by king Henry the eight commaunding the entrance of the hauen of Weymouth Burtport Lime It contayneth 34. Hundreds 18 Market-townes and 248 Parishes The auncient Inhabitants were the Durotriges of Ptolemy afterwards part of the West-Saxons DEVON-SHIRE BOunded vpon the East with Dorsetshire and Somersetshire vpon the South and North with the English Channell and the Sea of Severne vpon the VVest with the riuer Tamar from Cornwall The countrey is hilly rich in mines of Tin especially towards Cornwall the West and well stored with convenient Ports and harbours for shipping The soile is leane yet made fruitfull thorough the great industrie of the inhabitants enriched by their intermixing of lime or sands fetched from the sea-caost Townes of more note are Axminster vpon the Ax. Honniton vpon the Otterey Vpon the Ex Tiverton Excester Isca of Ptolemy Isca Dunmoniorū of Antoninus the chief town a bishops See remoued hither from Kirton in the raigne of Edward the Confessour Columbton upon the riuer Columb Vpon the Creedy beyond the Ex Kirton an auncient Bishops See founded by Edward surnamed the Elder remoued afterwards to Excester Totnes vpon the Dert Tavestok vpon the Tavy In Dertmore a mountainous fruitles waste vpon the East hereof plenty of Tin is gotten Here also lately haue Loadstones beene found Vpon the Sea-coast and the English channell Plimmouth a famous Port at the fall meetings of the riuers Plim Tamar The haven is large and deepe affording a safe roade for ships in both rivers defended with the strong Iland of S t Michael other fortifications vpon the land Dertmouth a well frequented Port at the mouth of the riuer Dert Beyond is Torbay a spacious inlet of the sea and a commodious harbour At the mouth of the Ax towards Dorsetshire Seton Moridunum of Antoninus memorable onely for the antiquity Towards the Sea of Severne Bediford vpon the riuer Touridge West hereof lyeth Hertland point Promontorium Herculis of Ptolemy Berstaple vpon the Taw navigable here for great vessels a well traded and rich empory The Shire contayneth 33 Hundreds 37 Market-townes and 394 Parishes The auncient inhabitants were the Danmonii of Ptolemy named otherwise the Cornish after the invasion of the English These being driuen out by great Athelstan confined within the riuer of Tamar the West-Saxons succeed in their voide places CORNWAL BOunded vpon the East with the riuer Tamar from Devonshire and vpon all other sides encompassed with the Ocean The countrey is hilly like vnto Devonshire but more barren enriched chiefely by neuer decaying mines of Tin and with fishings and commodities arising from the sea The valleyes notwithstanding afford plenty of grasse corne fatted with sea-sand and a sea-weede which they call Orewood Amongst the minerals Gold and Silver likewise are found as also Diamonds of a large seize angled and polished by nature but yeelding to the Orientall in colour and hardnes The Inhabitants as of Devonshire are strong and well-limmed tall good wrastlers skilfull mariners and braue warriours both by sea land stout vndaunted resolute thorough a more vegetiue quality of the Westerne winde wherevnto they are exposed or by some hidden nature of the heauens or ground Places of more note are Tamerton Tamara of Ptolemy vpon the right shore of the Tamar named from hence More remote from the riuer Stratton Launston vpon the brow of a hill the chiefe town Saint Germans vpon the riuer Liver a meane village sometimes a Bishops See for the Cornish remoued hither from Bodman Lestuthiel Vzella of Ptolemy vpon the Fawey much decayed of late yeares thorough the choaking of the riuer by sand rubbish falling from the Tin-workes a common daunger of all the navigable streames of the countrey Bodman an auncient Bishops See founded by Edward surnamed the Elder Monarch of the English remoued afterwards to S. Germans during the warres and troubles of the Danes and lastly vnited with Kirton in the raigne of Canutus Tregenie Truro Penrin vpon certaine Creekes of the great Bay of Falmouth S t Buriens Nere herevnto is the Promontory named the Lands-end Bolaeum Antivestaeum of Ptolemy the most Westerne point of the kingdome Vpon the shore a long the South sea East and West Loo at the mouth of the riuer thus called Foy a noted Port at the mouth of the riuer Fawey West hereof amongst others of obscurer sort is Falmouth a deepe and spacious Bay before mentioned Cenionis Ostium of Ptolemy reaching for a great space within the land deviding into sundry Creekes and safe Roades for ships defended at the entrance with two Castles or Forts S t Maudits vpon the East and Pendinas vpon the West built by King Henrie the eight Within the Bay stood the towne Voluba of Ptolemy now either extinct or vnknowne called by some other name Further West is the Lizard point the Promontorie of the Danmonij and Ocrinum of Ptolemy the furthest point of the Iland towards the South Pensans within Mounts-bay named thus from S t Michaels-Mount a strong fort vpon a craggie and high rocke at euery Full-sea environed with waters defending the Rode Vpon the North-sea Padstow neere vnto the mouth of the river Alan It contayneth 9
Knottesford Stockport or Stockfort vpon the Mersee Nantwich vpon the Wever Northwich vpon the same riuer Betwixt these vpon the Croc Middlewich In the three last plenty of Sault is boiled from Sault-springs Chester Deunana of Ptolemy and Deva of Antoninus the Mansion sometimes of the twentith Roman Legion surnamed Victrix a Bishops See and the chiefe towne vpon the riuer Dee Towards the Northwest lyeth Wirall a long Chersonese or Promontorie sandy and lesse fruitefull environed with the Ocean and the wide channels of the Dee and Mersee The auncient inhabitants were the Cornavii of Ptolemy afterwards the Mercian Saxons It contayneth 13 Market towns 7 Hundreds 68 Parishes STAFFORD-SHIRE BOunded vpon the North East with Darbyshire and Warwickshire vpon the South with Worcestershire vpon the West with Cheshire and Shropshire Moreland or the North is leane hilly and mountainous the beginning of the English Apennine Towards the South and in the middle about the Trent the soile is more fertile shaded with woods the chiefe whereof are Canc Neede-wood and well stored with mineralls of Coale Iron fine Alablaster Townes here are vpon the Trent New-castle Stone the place of Martyrdome of Vulfaldus and Rufinus put to death for their Christian profession by their vnnaturall father Wulferus king of the Mercians occasioning the towne Burton Lichfield Liccidfeld of Beda vpon both sides of a lake or meare the head of a small riuer issuing into the Trent a Bishops See the first of the Mercians fixed here by S t Ceadda or Chad in the yeare 669 and raigne of king VVulferus Close by stood Etocetum of Antonmus The carkase or dead ruines hereof are called the Wall a small hamlet vpon the Roman militarie roade Stafford naming the countrey vpon the river Sow Not farre of where is Penkridge a countrie village vpon on the riuer Penck aboue the confluence hereof and the Sow stood Pennocrucium of Antoninus Eccleshall VVolverhamton VVashall Tamworth vpon the riuer Tame in both shires of Staffordshire and VVarwickshire Vtcester vpon the Doue The shire contayneth 13 Market townes 5 Hundreds and 130 Parishes The auncient inhabitants were the Cornavii of Ptolemy afterwards the Angli Mediterranei of Beda part of the Mercian Saxons WARWICKESHIRE BOunded vpon the South with Glocestershire and Oxfordshire vpon the East with Northamptonshire and Leicestershire vpon the North with Staffordshire and vpon the VVest with VVorcestershire It is distinguished into the VVoodland the part vpon the North of the Avon and the Feldon lying vpon the South of the riuer a champiah deepe and fat soile The sheepe of this countrey especially of the Feldon are great devourers eating vp villages frame-houses and consuming or driuing out their inhabitants a common misery of the kingdome Townes in the wood-VVood-land are Sutton-Colfeild neere Staffordshire Bremicham inhabited with Black-smiths forging sundry kinds of iron-vtensils Coleshull Non-Eaton Mancester a smale village vpon the riuer Anker Manduessedum of Antoninus Coventry vpon a small rivulet named Shirburn the chiefe towne and with Lichfield a Bishops See To the south-South-west vpon a lake amongst woods standeth the large faire and strong castle of Kenelworth Henly vpon the Alne Aulcester at the meeting of the riuers Alne and Arrow Vpon the Avon Rugby Warwick naming the country Praesidium of Antoninus and the Notitia the station then of a troupe of Dalmatian horse Stratford vpon the same riuer In the Feldon Southam Kineton Shipston vpon the Stour Here are contayned 15 Market-townes 9 Hundreds and 158 Parishes The auncient inhabitants were the Cornavii of Ptolemy afterwards the Mercian Saxons WORCESTER-SHIRE BOunded vpon the South with Glocestershire vpon the East with Warwickshire vpon the North with Staffordshire and vpon the West with Shropshire and with Malverne hills from Herefordshire The aire is healthfull the soile fruitfull amongst other profits yeelding store of Pirry a raw and windy beverage in the middle and to the North more close and wooddy towards the South and the riuer Avon descending in a fat and open valley Townes here are Kidderminster vpon the Stour VVich vpon the Salwarp enriched with Sault-springs whereof plenty of fine sault is boiled Vpon the right shore of the Severne Beaudley adjoyning to the Forest of Wyre Vpon the left shore and on this side of the riuer Worcester Brannogenium of Ptolemy misplaced by my Authour amongst the Ordovices a Bishops See and the chiefe towne In the vale and vpon the Avon Eveshom The auncient inhabitants were on this side of the Severne the Cornavii of Ptolemy beyond part of the Silures and Ordovices of the same authour afterwards the VViccii of Beda part of the Mercian Saxons It contayneth 10 Market-townes 7 Hundreds and 152 Parishes SHROP-SHIRE DEvided with the Severne and bounded vpon the East with Worcester-shire Staffordshire vpon the North with Cheshire vpon the VVest with Denbighshire and Mongomery-shire in Wales and vpon the South with Hereford-shire The countrey is large pleasant fruitfull and very populous Townes of better note are VVhitechurch Oswestre named thus and occasioned from Oswald the second most Christian king of Northumberland slaine here in a blooddy battaile by Penda king of the Mercians reputed a Saint Martyr by the people of that devouter age honouring the place with their frequent pilgrimages Draiton vpon the Terne Newport Shrewsbury vpon a hil almost encompassed with the Severne a rich empory and the chiefe towne Below Wroxcester a meane village at the meeting of the Severne and the Terne Viroconium of Ptolemy and Vriconium of Antoninus a citie of the Cornavij Over Wreken hill towards New-port Oken-yate aother country village Vxacama of Antoninus Bridgemorfe or Bridgenorth vpon a rocke vnder which runneth the Severne and adioyning to the forrest of Morfe Wenlock Bishops-castle neare vnto the head of the river Clune Ludlow at the confluence of the riuers Temd and Corue the seate of the Councell of the Marches Aboue at the meeting of the Temd and Clune riseth the hill named Caer Caradoc by the Welsh fortified with a wall of stone and for the time defended by Caractacus king of the Britons against P. Ostorius Scapula Lieftenant of the Roman province for the Emperour Claudius mentioned by Tacitus in the 12 booke of his Annals Some reliques of that rude defence are yet appearing The auncient inhabitants were parts of the Cornavij and Orduices of Ptolemy the Ordovices of Tacitus afterwards the Mercian Saxons Heere are contained 14 Market Townes 15 hundreds and 170 parishes HEREFORD-SHIRE BOunded vpon the North with Shropshire vpon the East with Worcestershire and Glocestershire vpon the South with Monmouthshire vpon the West with Brecknockeshire and Radnorshire The aire is pure and healthy the country pleasant watered with sundry sweet fresh rivers the chiefest whereof are the Wye Lug Munow descending from the Welsh Mountaines the soile most fruitfull the people stout free and giuen
Below Binchester a small hamlet Binovium of Ptolemy Antoninus Further dowue Durham vpon a hill or rising ground almost encompassed with the riuer a Bishops see and the cheif towne Gateshead vpon the Tine quart of New-castle Vpon the Ocean Hartle poole a noted emporie and roade for ships It contayneth 6 Market townes 118 parishes The auncient inhabitants were the Brigantes of Tacitus afterwards the Bernicij of Beda part of the Northumbrian Saxons west-more-WEST-MORE-LAND BOunded vpon the East with the Bishoprick of Durham Yorkeshire vpon the South with Lancashire and vpon the West and North with Cumberland The countrey is mountainous seated vpon the height of the English Apennine The more fruitfull parts are those about Kendall or the Southerne encluded betwixt the Lune Winandermeere a deepe spacious lake extended for some 10 miles in length betwixt this countrey Fournesse Fels in Lancashire Places of better and more memorable note are Ambleside vpon Winandermeere the carkase of an auncient Roman towne not vnprobably Amboglanna of the Notitia the station of the first Cohort named Aelia of the Daci Kendall vpon the riuer Can the chiefe towne and a rich populous and well traded empory Kirkby Lons-dale vpon the riuer Lune Burgh vnder Stanemere neere vnto the head of the Eden Verterae of Antoninus and Veterae of the Notitia the station of a foote company named the Directores by my Authour Vpon the river Eden Apelby Aballaba of the Notitia the station of a foote company of Moores Further downe Whellep-castle probably Calatum of Ptolemy and Gallatum of Antoninus Brougham vpon the same riuer Brocavum of Antoninus and Braboniacum of the Notitia Here are contayned 4 Market towns and 26 parishes The inhabitants are part of the Brigantes of Tacitus named afterwards the Cumbri CVMBERLAND BOunded vpon the South with the riuer Dudden from Fournesse Fells in Lancashire vpon the West with the Irish Ocean vpon the North with Solway Frith and the Eske from Galloway and Annandale in Scotland and vpon the East with Northumberland and Westmoreland Copeland or the more Southerne parts swell with thicke asperous rough Mountaines rich in mineralls of Copper Lead from whence likewise much silver is extracted distinguished in their bottomes with sundry faire lakes The part towards the North is plaine or rising with grassie downes amongst other profits affording good pasturage for sheepe Places of more note are in Copeland and vpon the Ocean Ravenglas at the fall of the riuer Eske The sea-coasts hereabout yeeld good pearle Beyond the Promontory S t Bees the solitarie recesse sometimes of S t Bega or S t Bees an Irish Virgin and Anchoret Moresby a country village conjecturally Morbium of the Notitia the station of a troupe of great horse amongst other forts and garrisons many of whose tracts are yet seene defending the shore hereof against the Irish-Scots the vsuall place of their descent and invasions in the raigne of the Emperour Honorius and before their fix'd plantation amongst the Picts or Caledomians beyond the Glota or Frith of Dun briton At the mouth of Solway Bulnesse a small village Blatobulgium of Antoninus the first stage of his British Itineraries Here begun the Picts wall Vallum of Antoninus continued thorough this Country and Northumberland by Carlile Naworth-Castle Haltâ—wesell Hexham and New-castle and ending at Walls-end a village vpon the Tine short of Tinmouth whose tract is euery-where most conspicuous and the wall in some places almost entire strengthned with sundry forts and bulwarkes named now Castle-steeds by the neighbouring inhabitants manned somtimes with Roman garrisons their best defence against the barbarous Caledonians and the more certaine bounder Northwards of the British Province and their Empire first raised of Earth or Turfe by the Emperour Adrian repaired by Severus and lastly more firmely built of stone by the weake distressed Britons a little before their English or Dutch invasion More within the land Burgh vpon the Sands fatall to the English by the vntimely death of the most valiant and victorious Prince king Edward the first Carlile vpon the Eden Lugwallum of Antoninus Lugobalia of Beda a Bishops See and the chiefe towne Beyond the riuer Esk is receiued into the Solway the most knowne limit of the two kingdomes By the natiues otherwise the Sarke a rivulet beyond the Eske is reputed the English border The part of the country betwixt this the Leven a river vpon this side of the Eske is named the Batable ground in the language of the inhabitants as controversed betwixt the two nations of late yeares possessed by the Grahams a numerous and potent family of out-lawes since belonging to the Earles of Cumberland by the gift of King Iames of happy memory Brampton vpon the river Irthing and the Scottish borders Bremetenracum of the Notitia the Station of a troupe of heavy-armed horse Higher vpon the Eden Linstock castle Olenacum of the Notitia the station of a wing of Horse named the first Herculea Warwic not vnprobably Virosidum of the same Authour the station of the sixt Cohort of the Nervians Penreth vpon the same riuer Close by is old Penreth the ruines of some auncient city conjecturally Petrianae of the Notitia the station of a wing of Horse from hence named Petriana by my Authour More Westwards Ierbye Arbeia of the Notitia the Station of a foot company of the Barcarij Tigrienses Cockermouth at the confluence of the riuer Cockar and Derwent Keswick vpon a deep and spacious lake amongst mountaines vnder Skiddaw a biforced hill ouer-topping the rest enriched with Copper and Lead-workes The inhabitants are the Brigantes of Ptolemy and Tacitus after the English invasion named otherwise the Kimbri or Cumbri a generall appellation of the Britons distinguished thus from the Dutch or Saxons of Northumberland to whose Empire they at length became subject In the raigne of king Alkfrid with VVestmoreland and Fournesse in Lancashire parts likewise of the auncient Cumbri rebelling against the English they are made a free estate knowne by the name of the kingdome of Cumberland subdued long after by Edmund Monarch of the English-Saxons and giuen to Malcolâ—e and the Scots recovered by VVilliam the Conquerour and Henry the Second and vnited to the English Crowne Here are numbred 9 market townes and 58 parishes NORTHVMBERLAND BOunded vpon the East with the German Ocean vpon the South with the riuers Tine and Derwent from the Bishoprick of Durham vpon the VVest with Mores from Cumberland and vpon the North with the mountaine Cheviot and the riuer Tweed from Scotland The country is hilly and full of wastes the soile barren in most places commended chiefly for horses plenty of Sea-coale The more fertile parts and better inhabited are the Sea-coasts The people are hardie fierce valiant and excellent riders the gentry gallant the commons poore More remarkable places are vpon the Tine Hexham Axelodunum of the Notitia the Station of the 1
Cohort of Spaniards and Haugustald of Beda a Bishops see vnder the SaxoÌ„s Corebridge Curia of Ptolemy a city of the Otadeni Prudhow castle probably Procolitia of the Notitia the station of the 1 Cohort of the Batavi Newcastle not vnprobably Gabrosentum of the Notitia the station of the 2 Cohort of the Thracians the chiefe towne a rich empory and a noted Port whose best trade is vpon Coale distributed from hence ouer all the Seacoasts of the kingdome and into forreine and remote countreyes seated vpon the Picts wall and the side of a steepe hill vnder which runneth the Tine Walls-end Vindomara of Antoninus and Vindobala of the Notitia the station of the 1 Cohort of the Frixagori Here at the Tine endeth the Picts wall Tinmouth-Castle Tunnocellum of the Notitia the station of the 1 Cohort named Aelia Classica At the Sheales vpon both sides of the Tine betwixt this New-castle plenty of salt is boiled with coale made of Sea-waters Along the Picts wall without the Tine Thirlewall betwixt the South-Tine and the head of the river Irthing Here the Scots Picts are said to haue broke thorough into the Province in the raigne of the Emperour Valentinian the third after the departure of the Roman Legions occasioning the aides and invasion of the Saxons Beyond neere to Caer Vorran a part of the wall standeth almost entire containing 15 foote in height some 9 in breadth Short of Busye-gap Chester on the Wall Magnae of the Notitia the station of the 2 Cohort of the Dalmatians Seauenshale Hunnum of the Notitia the station of a Wing of Horse named Saviniana by my Authour Walwick conjecturally Gallana of Antoninus Beyond the North-Tine crosseth the Wall arising from mountaines in the Scottish borders and naming the large village of Tindale Stilicester not vnprobably Cilurnum of the Notitia the station of the 2 wing of the Asturians Pont-Eland vpon theriver Pont Pons-Aelii of the Notitia the station of the 1 Cohort of the Cornavij Borwick Borcovicus of the Notitia the Station of the 1 Cohort of the Tungri Winchester in the Wall Vindolana of the Notitia the station of the 4 Cohort of the Lergi Bamborrow Castle short of the Holy Iland Bebba of Beda Morpit vpon the Wents-beck Anwick vpon the â—iver Alne Vpon the Tweede and Borders of Scotland Werke-castle Norham Berwick vpon the lest banke mouth of the river a strong towne of warre opposed sometimes against the Scots the farthest boundes of the English Empire Vpon the Till a riuer falling into the Tweed aboue Norham Ford Castle To the West beyond the riuer riseth Floddon hill made famous by the death of Iames the fourth king of Scotland slaine in a memorable battle by Thomas Howard Earle of Surrey generall of the English in the raigne of Henry the Eight The ancient inhabitants were the Otadeni of Ptolemie part of the Meatae of Xiphilinus afterwards the Bernicij of Beda part of the Northumbrian English The Earledome of Northumberland after the expulsion of the Danes extended betwixt the rivers Tweed and Humber containing the whole ancient kingdome of Northumberland In the raigne of king Edgar it was parted into two Earledomes or goverments for such then were the Earledomes the Earledome of Northumberland beyond the riuer Tine and on this side revnited not long after and againe divided in the Earles Morcar and Osulfus about the raigne of the Conquerour The part or Earledome on this side of the Tine taking afterwards the name of Yorkshire from the chiefe citty the Earledome and name of Northumberland was left only to the part beyond the Tine continued here vnto our times the beginning and occasion of the present These six shires seeme more anciently to haue contained the consulary Roman Province named Maxima Caesariensis by Rufus Festus and the Notitia with part of the Province Valentia of Ammianus Marcellinus and the same Authors inhabited by the great and populous nation of the Brigantes of Ptolemie with the Otadeni or Maeatae Vnder the Saxons they comprehended the Deiri of Beda with part of the Bernicij divided asunder with the river Tees or the greatest part of the kingdome of Northumberland They make now the fourth or last division of the kingdome bounded vpon the East and West with the German Irish Ocean vpon the North with the rivers Tweed and Eske or the Sark with Solway Frith from Scotland vpon the South with Humber and the Mersee from the rest of England OF THE STATE OF EVROPE The IIII Booke COntaining the Relation and Description of Scotland and of Ireland with other the Ilands of Great Brittaine SCOTLAND THE bounds hereof are the Ocean vpon the East West and North and vpon the South the Mountaine Cheviot the Frith of Solway and the rivers Eske or Sarke Tweed from England It lyeth betwixt the 55â…“ and 60½ degrees of Northerne Latitude subject to the 11 and 12 with part of the 10 and 13 Climates The longest day at Solway Frith containeth about 17 houres and 15 minutes At Straithy head the most Northerly point it containeth 18 houres and 3 quarters The length after this computation is 310 Italian miles The greatest breadth is accompted at 190 English miles The soile is different the West and North craggy and mountainous the East and South lesse hilly and more fruitfull full of rivers and faire lakes and cut into by sundry long and spacious Creekes of the Ocean plentifull in fish and affording good harbours for shipping The Hills abound with Mineralls sea-coale marble copper Iron and lead with some silver Nothing is wanting for the necessary vse of the inhabitants frugall plaine and temperate in their diet not accoustomed to that luxurie excesse vsuall to more rich and fertill countries The ancient inhabitants were the Britons divided by Ptolemie into many lesser names by Dion and Xiphilinus into two only generall of the Caledonij and Maeatae and lastly called the Picts towards the waine of the Roman Empire from their paintings and for their better distinction from the civill and cloathed Britons distinguished by Amm Marcellinus into the The Lawes whereby the whole is gouerned are the Parliamental Municipal or Common and when these are wanting the Ciuill or Roman yet where conscience and equity doe ouer-rule both besides the Session or Supreame Court residing at Edenburg whereunto appeale may be made from the rest c. here administred in 25 Prefectureshipps or Iuridicall Resorts 1. the Countries or Sheriffdomes of Edenburg Linlithquo Selkirck Roxburgh Peblis Lanark Renfrew Dunfreis Wighton Aire Bute Argile and Tarbar Dunbriton Perth Clackmannan Kinros Fife Kincardin Forfair Aberdone Bamff Elgin Forres Narn Innernesse Cromarty and Orkney and Schetland 2. the Seneschaussees or Stewarties of Mentieth Strath-ern Kircudbricht and Annandale 3. the Bailywicks of Kile Carick and Cunningham 4. and the Constableship of Haddington whose Iudges in both causes Ciuill and Criminall are the Sheriffs Stewards or Bailiffs of each
Lough Lomoâ—â— a spacious Lake of whose Ilands strange wonders are spoken spreading here vnder the mountaine Grampius for some 24 miles in length and some 8 in breadth and falling into the Cluyd at Dunbriton More noted places are Kilmoronock vpon the East side of the Lake a faire house of the Earles of Cassel Dunbriton a towne and Castle a Sherifdome and the strongest hold of the kingdome seated in a grassie plaine at the fall of the Levin into the Cluyd vpon two steepe precipitious rockes flancked vpon the West with the two rivers and vpon the East with a myrie flat drowned at every Full-sea THE SHERIFDOME OF STERLING DIvided with mountaines from Lennox and with the river Aven from Lauden having vpon the East the Bodotria or Frith of Edenborough a plentifull and rich soile and much graced with the seates and houses of the Scottish Nobilitie The chiefe towne is Striuelin or Sterlin vpon the Forth defended with a faire and strong castle The more ancient inhabitants hereof and from Cluydesdale seeme to be the Damnij of Ptolemy Through this country passed the trench or wall of Iulius Agricola and Lollius Vrbicus before mentioned continued for about the space of 30 miles for such is only the narrow distance here betwixt the two seas from Abercorne vpon the Frith of Edenburgh vnto Dunbriton or Kirck-patrick the farthest limit Northwards of the Romane Empire with the two Friths the bounder betwixt them and the Picts or Caledonians as afterwards betwixt the Saxons or English and the Picts and Scots The tract hereof in manie places is yet appearing and is called Grahams-dike by the Natiues The part of the Iland betwixt this and the wall of Severus containing the countries of Scotland already described with Northumberland in England was named Valentia in Rufus Festus and the Author of the Notitia being one of the fiue generall Provinces whereinto the Romans divided their British conquests vncertainely held by them vntill the expiration of their Empire inhabited by the Mâ—â—tae of Xiphilinus afterwards by the Bernicij part of the Northumbrian English MENTEITH BOrdering vpon Sterling and Menteith diuided herefrom by the Forth and named thus from the riuer Teith or Taich falling into the Forth The chiefe towne is Dunblan a Bishops sea vpon the Taich STRATH-ERN LYing to the North of Menteith and continued along the course of the riuer Ern arising in the Lake Em vnder Drum-albin part of the hill Grampius and falling into the Taye below S. Iohns-Towne Places of more note are Drumin Tulibardin Duplin castles situate vpon the Erne Towards Fife and the East hereof and Menteith lie the Prefectures or Sherifdomes of Clackmannan and Kinross FIFE COntained betwixt the Frith of Edenborough and the mouth of the Taio plentifull in corne pasturage sea-cole and in commodities and profits arising from the Ocean populous and full of townes along the Sea-coast Places of more note are Aberneth neere Straith-ern and at the fall of the riuer Ern into the Taye the chiefe seat sometimes and residence of the kings of the Picts S. Andrewes vpon the Ocean nere vnto the fall of the Ethan an Vniuersity and an Archbishops sea the Primate of Scotland More within the land Cuper vpon the Eden or Ethan a iuridicall resort the seat of the Sheriff Falkland a pleasant secesse of the Scottish kings retiring thither for the pleasure and commodity of hunting THE SHERIF-DOME OF PERTH COntinued vpon the riuer Taye Townes of better note are Dunkelden a bishops sea Perth or S. Iohns-Towne in the middle of the kingdome a walled Towne faire and peopled with industrious inhabitants both seated vpon the Taye Beyond in Goury a Champion and fruitfull country on the further side of the riuer is Scone sometimes a famous Monastery the place of inauguration of the Scottish kings Arrol further downe vpon the Taye the seate of the Earles of Arrol ATHOL LYing vpon the North of the Taye rough woodie and Mountainous part sometimes of the wood Caledonia of Cacitus with other bordering countries strong fastnesses of the Picts and Northern Britons against the Romans and of later yeares of the Scots in their hard warrs with the English in the raignes of Edward the first and Edward the third ANGVIS EXtended along the German Ocean betwixt the mouth of the Taye and the riuer Eske plentifull in wheate corne and pasturages Places of more note are Forfar neerer Gowry the seat of the Sheriffs Dundee a rich and noted port at the mouth of the Taye Brechin vpon the Eske a Bishops sea Mont-rose at the mouth of the Eske naming the Earles of Mont-rose MERNE COntinued along the same Ocean betwixt Anguis and the river Eske vpon the South and Marre and the Dee vpon the North plaine and abundantly fruitfull The chiefe place is Dunnotyr Castle mounted vpon a steepe and inaccessable rock overlooking the subiect Ocean the seat of the Sherifs MARRE LYing with a narrow point vpon the same Ocean betwixt the falls of the rivers Dee and Done or Merne and Buquhan within the land spreading more wide and extending some 60 miles Westward The Sea-coast and along the riuers are more plaine fruitfull and better inhabited The parts towards the West swell with mountaines and hills branches of the Grampius The chiefe townes are old Aberdon at the mouth of the Dee new Aberdon an Vniversitie and a Bishops sea at the mouth of the Done distant about a mile a sunder Towards the West betwixt this country and Loquabria riseth the high country of Badgenoth containing part of the Grampius BVQVHAN Vpon the same Ocean from Marre and the river Done vpon the South extended towards Murray Northwards well stored with grasse sheep and pasturage Betwixt this and Murray or the riuer Speye lye the small countries and prefectures of Bamff a Sherifdome Boen Ainz Straithbogye or the vally of the river Bogie MVRRAY EXtended vpon the same Ocean froÌ„ the riuer Speye vnto the Lake river of Nesse parting it froÌ„ Rosse Here beginneth the mountaine Grampius of Tacit. continued from hence with a perpetuall ridge of high hills South-West ouer Badgenoth Athol Braid-albin vnto the Lake LomuÌ„d Lennox spreading into other neighbouring Countries Places of more note are Rothes Castle vpon the Spey naming the Earles of Rothes Elgin Forres and Narne Sherifdomes or Prefectureshipss for the division The Lake and river of Nesse freezeth not in the hardest time of winter through a warme qualitie of the water infused from mineralls in the neighbouring mouÌ„tains out of which they issue extended some 24 miles Westwards and with Logh-Loth froÌ„ the which it is diuided by a small neck of Mountaines Logh Aber whereinto this is disburdened falling into the Westerne Ocean parting Rosse Loqhuabria other the more Northerly regions from the rest of the Continent of Scotland ROSSE EXtended betwixt both Seas the German Westerne
Resgate and de la Merced The military orders of the Crosse. The maner of their civill government The King His stile of Catholique His dominions and revenues A short censure of the present Spanish greatnes The parts or countries of Spaine THE bounds hereof are vpon the North-east the Pyrenaean Mountaines deviding it from France and from the rest of the Continent of Europe surrounded vpon the other sides with the deepe and spacious Ocean vpon the North with the sea Cantabrique with the Atlantique vpon the West and vpon the South with the Straights of Gibraltar the sea Mediterranean Mariana accompteth the circumference of the whole to bee 2816 Italian miles measuring along the course of the Pyrenaean Mountaines from Cabo de Creux vpon the Mediterranean vnto the towne of Fuentarabia 320 miles to Cabo Finisterre along the shore of the sea Cantabrique 536 miles from that Promontorie vnto the towne of Gibraltar 895 miles and from thence returning againe to Cabo de Creux bending still with the creekes and windings of the sea 1065 miles The greatest length hereof he reckneth at 800 miles and the breadth at 560 of the same miles It is seated in the Southerne halfe part of the Temperate Zone lying betwxt the. 4. 24 60 and 19½ degrees of Longitude for such are the distances of the Promontories Finisterre and de Creux from the first Meridian drawne by the Azores Ilands whose two Meridians make about a full houres difference of the Suns first rising betwixt about the 36 and 44½ degrees of Northerne latitude or from the 30 minute South of the 11 or middle paralel of the 4 clime vnto about the 30 mi warie and descreet withall not carried with that rash and headlong fury esteemed by others valour ouercomming rather with temporizing deepe reach and policy then by maine force and violence If we would haue him in a word described he almost is whatsoeuer almost is not the Frenchman The Languages spoken hereby are 1. the Castillian or vulgar Spanish common to the whole Nation 2. that of Portugals as are the people mixed of the Castillian and French 3. that of the Catalonians and inhabitants of the kingdome of Valentia which is not much vnlike vnto the French spoken in Languedoc 4. the Basquish proper to the Biscians and people of Guipuscoa a language purely barbarous not refined with the mixture of more elegant tongues and thought to be the auncient Spanish spoken here before the Conquest of the Romans Heere likewise was in vse the auncient Moorish retayned by the Moriscos but of late yeares banished from hence with the people The auncient religion hereof was that common to all the Gentiles worshipping many false and absurd gods The first that preached here the holy Gospell was the Apostle S. Paul according to S. Chrysostome Theodoret sundry other of the auncient fathers That he had an intent to make a journey into Spaine we plainely gather from the the 15 chap. to the Romans That hee went or was hindred in his purpose detayned prisoner at Rome by Nero nothing is certaine After Isidore and the generall voyce of the Spaniards but without more auncient authority S. Iames the son of Zebedee otherwise is said to haue beene the first the supposed founder of Nuestra Senora del Pilar a Church yet extant at Saragoça accompanied with Saint Peter the Apostle of Ebora S. Cecilius of Eliberis S. Euphrasius of Illiturgis S. Secundus of Abula with others whose names I omit for that they agree not about their number Concerning S t Iames the tradition goeth that after his Martyrdome at Hierusalem slaine by Herod his dead body should from thence bee convayed hither to Iria Flavia in Galitia thence to Compostella where it should be enterred but in what place that it was not knowne vntill the yeare 796 when it should be first found out by Theodomyrus bishop of Iria although saith my Authour the reasons are not set downe why a graue then discouered should containe the corps of that blessed Apostle Such notwithstanding was the credulous devotion of those times that presently a Church was erected herevnto by Alfonsus surnamed the Chast then king of Leon famous afterwards through the Christian world for the continuall pilgrimages thither made from all parts and enriched with liberall endowments and priviledges It was some 50 yeares afterwards and since the yeare 846 and their great victorie at Clavigio vnder king Ramir the first obtained against the Moores and as then firmely was beleeued by the visible presence and aide hereof that the Castillians for the Portugalls and Aragonians with the English and Genowayes acknowledge S t George for their Patron haue beene still accustomed in their fights and encounters to call vpon S. Iago as their guardian and protectour their signe word of Battaill To returne to our purpose from these and such like beginnings Christianity here dayly grew and more and more prospered in the first age of the Primitiue Church encreasing through affliction by the holy bloud of slaine Martyrs In the happy raigne of Constantine the Great Gentilisme put downe Religion was first authorized here as in the other Provinces of the Roman Empire by publique commaund a small truce was granted to the Church Heresie Gentilisme and Persecution freshly reviuing againe in the raignes of the next Emperours Constantius and Iulianus These tempestuous times ouerpast by the fauour of God the Sun of the Gospel againe gloriously breaks out in a calme and cleare sky here freely shineth during the raignes of the after succeeding most Christian Catholique Emperours of the West In the raigne of the Emperour Honorius swarme in hither the barbarous Nations by whom Religion suffers a second Eclipse Of these the Alans were Gentiles but whose out-rage lasted not long shortly after their first comming ouer-throwne and rooted out by the Gothes The Vandals also Gentiles at the time of their first entrance by their after commerce and acquaintance with the Gothes vnder their king Gensericus turned Arrian Christians departing not long after into Afrique The Suevians at the first likewise were Gentiles Vnder their third king Receiarius about the yeare 448 they receiued the Christian Catholique faith which shortly after being subdued restored again by the Gothes sweyed with the greatnes of that Nation vnder their king Remismundus they changed for their Arrian heresie In the raigne of Theodomyrus after an apostacy of aboue one hundred yeares they returned againe vnto the Catholique beliefe wherein they continued vntill the extirpation of their kingdome name by the Gothes in Andeca their last king The Gothes were Arrians from their first entrance into the Roman Provinces corrupted by Valens Emperour of the East In continuance of time becomming Lord of the whole Spaine the rest of the barbarous nations the Romans subdued they subiected all this continent vnder that foule heresy Vnder their King Ricaredus about the yeare 588 reiecting the Arrian they
customes and the priviledges of the countrie The lawes all is gouerned by are the municipall or common lawes of each kingdome and when these are wanting the ciuill or Roman law professed and executed by Civillians brought vp in their Vniuersities and following the proceeding and course of the Civill A no small commendation of the Nation hath beene their strict execution hereof which they administer with due severitie and without partialitie a chiefe cause of their generall more prosperous and flourishing estate The King is haereditary and where women for defect of male issue doe succeed Hee is stiled the most Catholique King a title first giuen to Ricaredus the first Orthodoxe King of the Gothes in a Provinciall councell held at Toledo continued afterwards in Alfonsus the first king of Leon for his devout and religious carriages but not becomming haereditary vntill Ferdinand the fift king of Castille Aragon who honoured herewith by Pope Iuly the second for maintayning his quarrell against the excommunicated king of France Lewes the twelfth transmitted the same to succession vnto this day His dominions may not vnfitly be distinguished according to the 4 great devisions of the inhabited world into those of Europe Africke Asia and America In the first besides Spaine and the Ilands therevnto belonging hee holdeth the kingdomes of Naples and Sicily the dukedome of Millaine in Italy and the Iland of Sardinia besides the many Provinces of the Low-countries not yet revolted now in the possession of Isabella aunt to Philip the fourth now raigning after her decease without heires to returne againe vnto the Crowne of Spaine In Africk he maintayned against the Infidells the townes of Oran and Melilla the great haven Muzalquiuer the Penion or rocke of Veliz the townes of Seuta Tangier and Mazagone in the Continent of Barbarie the fortresses of Arguin and S t George de la Mina in Aethiopia beyond the cape of good hope the forts of Sena and Sofala with the Iland Mozambique together with the Azores or Flemmish Ilands those of Madera Cape Verde Saint Thomas and del Principe lying along the West shore hereof on this side of the Promontorie of Buona Esperanza In Asiá he commaundeth in a manner all the Sea-coâ—sts from the Persian gulfe to the famous Promontory aunciently called Aurea Chersonesus where now Malaca staÌ„deth in which space he possesseth the hauens fortresses of Diu Chavl Goa Canora Cochin Damain Bazain Tavaan Colan the haven and castle of Columbo in the Iland of Zeilan and the towne of Malaca in the aforesaid Chersonese the furthest bounds of his East-Indian Empire Concerning America with the Phillippinae and infinite other Ilands thereunto belonging his Catholickenes challengeth the whole giuen vnto him by a Bull of his Countryman Pope Alexander the Sixt. Moreouer the Knights of S. Iohn of Ierusalem doe hold of him the Iland of Malta giuen vnto them after their retreat from Rhodes by the Emperour Charles the fift Hee also layeth claime to the Iland of Corsica possessed by the Genowayes the kingdomes of Tunis and Hierusalem vsurped by the Turkes the Dukedome of Burgundy with-held by the French with the vnited Prouinces of the Netherlands lately withdrawne from his obedience by the confederate states His revenues from hence are great as well in regard of the riches large extent hereof as of the many taxes impositions which especially his Spanish subjects of Castile as well those of the Cleargy as of the Laity are subject vnto which first brought in vpon occasion of the holy warres against the Infidels vpon the like pretence against the Heretiques as they tearme the reformed haue beene hitherto still kept vp maintained The particulars heereof collected by Linschotten out of the Exchequers of his seuerall kingdomes and as they were farmed out in the yeare 1578 before the vnion of Portugal not otherwise to make any certaine estimate hereof which must needes be vncertaine were as follow His demaine in Castile with the Alcavala and Tertiae of that kingdome which Alcavala is the tenth penny of all Lands merchandise goods sold by any Castilian for further then that kingdome it extendeth not the Tertiae being the third part of all spirituall promotions revenues yeeld yearly about the summe of 1274 Quintos The custome of Merchandise passing out of Biscay and Guipuscoa into Castile paying after the rate of one in ten at the Custome-houses of Victoria Horduna and Valmas Ceda amounteth to 70 Quintos The custome for wares passing through the Country of Leon by Sanabria and Villa-Franca one Quinto The same for Merchandise out of Asturia by Oviedo 375000 Maravedies The rent of the Prevosts office of Bilbao 490000 Maravedies The toull of the Inland passages of Valentia Aragonia and Navarre where is payed the tenth penny of all Merchandise brought thither out of Castile 49 Quintos and 35000 Maravedies The like toull of certaine inland ports of Castile frontiring vpon Portugal for wares passing to and fro betwixt those two kingdomes 34 Quintos and 155000 Maravedies The woolls yearely transported out of Spaine into forreine Countryes paying for euery sack weighing aboue ten Aroben two dukats for a subiect 4 for a stranger 53 Quintos and 586000 Maravedies The farme of the Almoxarischap of Sivilla for the tenth penny of the Merchandise of the Dutchmen English and other people of Europe there discharged 154 Quintos and 309000 Maravedies The farme of the Almoxarischap of Sivilla for the Spanish Indies which is for the 20. penny of all Merchandise laden here and bound thither paying an other 20 penny at their arrivall there 67 Quintos The rent of the mint of Spaine euery dukat which is there coyned for any of the Kings subiects paying a ryall of plate 22 Quintos The Salinas or Salt-workes belonging to the Crowne are taxed at 93 Quintos The Farmes of the Master-ships of S. Iames Calatrava and Alcantara besides their pasturages yeeld 98 Quintos The rent of the pasturages of these Masterships 37 Quintos The rent of the Quick-siluer mine at Almaden 73 Quintos The rent of the siluer mine of Guadalcana in Estremadura was wont to be worth 187 Quintos by the yeare but is now much decayed The rent called de la Moneda Forera which is a certaine rent of euery hertsteed each paying yearely 7 Maravedies yeeldeth 6 Quintos and 656000 Maravedies The farme of Cardes euery paire here sold paying vnto the King halfe a ryall of plate 20 Quintos The rashes or cloathes of Florence whereof euery peece payeth 6 dukats 10 Quintos The Popes pardons of which hee maketh good merchandise in America 200 Quintos The first fruits payed by the Cleargy at their first entrances into their benefices for confirmation of their places giuen vnto him towards the maintainance of the warres against Heretiques Infidels 65 Quintos The Excusado a yearely contribution so called because consented vnto by the Letters Patents of his Holines giuen by the Cleargy vpon the same pretext of
Portugall it is emptied into the Westerne Ocean not farre from Baiona Other rivers hauing immediate entercourse with the Ocean are first in Catalonia Lobregat and Francolino in the countrey of Valentia Guadilivar and Xucar in the kingdome of Granado Guadalquivireio and Guadalantin in Andaluzia Guadalethe in Portugal betwixt Guadiana and the Taio Palma betwixt the Taio and Duero Mondego betwixt the Duero and Minio the riuer Limia the famous Lethe of the auncient Poets There are not any riuers of note receiued into the Cātabriā Sea stopped by the intervening of the lōg mountainous ridge before mentioned drawne from Ronceval of the Pyrenes vnto Cabo Finisterre and coasting along that shoare Those which be of short courses and falling from that banke of Mountaines are the riuer Mearo now deviding Galitia and Asturia in Biscaia Ibaisabellum vpon which standeth the rich towne of Bilbao and in Guipuscoa Gurvinea rio the riuer of the port of S t Sebastian Here is also the Vidosa springing out of the Pyrenean Mountaines and at Fuentarabia bounding this kingdome and France The most part of those of the South lying betwixt the Guadiana and Ebro haue the Punique word Guadi prefixed an argument of the long and setled abode of the Moores in those parts None of these riuers are verie deepe and navigable vsually spreading too wide and through the naturall drought of the Country scanted of waters besides vneven and vncertaine Marinaeus Siculus reckneth the whole nūber to be 150 of al sorts DIVERS NAMES OF SPAINE THE more ancient Greeke Authours haue named this Countrey Iberia either from the noted riuer Iberus which is most probable or from the Iberi a people of Asia neighbouring to the Caspian Sea related by Pliny with the Persians sometimes to haue come into those parts By others also wee finde it sometimes called Celtiberia from the more warlike and famous nation of the Celtiberi likewise Hesperia from the Evening starre and its more Westerne situation The latter Greekes and generally all the Latines call it Hispania or Spaine a name which to this day it retaines if we may beleeue Iustin from Hispanus once king hereof not to trouble you with more difficult and further fetcht Etymologies and alike vncertaine ANCIENT BOVNDS THE Bounds hereof haue still beene the same environed vpon three sides with the Ocean and on the part towards the Continent of Europe walled from the Province of Gaule or France with the long ridge of the Pyrenean mountaines extended betwixt the Mediterranean and Cantabrique Seas SPAINE VNDER THE FIRST NATIVES THE first rule and dominion hereof was vnder the natiue Spaniards for we reade not any former name of inhabitants after the manner of all barbarous Nations shared amongst many lesser and obscure Princes Amongst these wee finde mention in Macrobius of one Theron king of the hither Spaine in Herodotus of Arganthonius and in Iustin of Gargoris and Habis kings of Tartessus of Mandonius and Indibilis in Plutarch in the life of the great African of Luceyus Prince of the Celtiberians in the same Authour Concerning other memories hereof in regard of their exceeding antiquity and the rudenes of those first times little is related or whereunto safe credit may bee giuen The first intrusion of forreine Nations OF stranger nations the first intruding here amōgst were the Celtae Tyrians Phocenses Zacynthij Rhodij the occasion of whose descent hither we haue before pointed at The first arriuall of the Tyrians Strabo setteth downe to haue hapned before the age of Homer Mariana I know not from what more ancient authority about the foundation of the City of Carthage brought hither by Sichaeus husband to Queene Dido The comming of the other is more vncertain From the Celtae the warlike Celtiberi Calaeci and Celtici were descended By the Phocenses a colony of the Massillians the city Emporiae and Dianium were founded By the Zacynthij the famous Saguntum By the Rhodians as is thought the city Rhodope By the Tyrians Gades Strabo relateth in his third booke the most part in his time of the townes of Turdetania and of the neighbouring Sea-coasts to haue been colonies of this People The conquest-hereof by the Carthaginians THE first who vpon an ambitious desire of attayning greater dominion and Empire invaded this Province were the Carthaginians Repulsed from Sicily and other Ilands of the Levant about the yeare of Rome 132 and bending their forces towards the West they first tooke in here the Iland of Ebusa belonging to this Continent About the yeare 236 invited by the Tyrians inhabiting Gades to their aid against the neighbouring Spaniards turning their faithlesse armes here against they dispossessed them of that famous city and Iland By their captaines Himilco and Hanno in the yeare 307 by force and subtilty they got seazed of the Ilands of the Baleares Vnder Hamilcar father to the great Hannibal about the yeare of Rome 516 first to any purpose attempting vpon the Continent they conquered Betica together with the Bastetani and Contestani vpon the same shore of the Levant By Hasdrubal succeeding hereunto in the government they enlarged their conquests the city of the Saguntines excepted as farre as the Ebro By Hannibal successour vnto Hasdrubal Saguntum taken and the Carpetani Ilergetes Ausetani and other barbarous people subdued they extended the same vnto the Pyrenaean Mountaines stretching vpon the other side Westwards vnto the straights of Hercules Lusitania and the more Northerne parts excluded remaining yet free and not conquered by forreine power till afterwards By the fortune of the second Punique warre in the 14 yeare thereof they quite abandoned and lost this Province driuen out by the valiant P. Scipio from his greater victories afterwards surnamed the African some 416 yeares after their first taking of Ebusa and about 32 yeares since their invasion and conquest of the Continent by Hamilcar leauing the same and their other hopes herein to the more fortunate and better succeeding Romans By the Romans THE occasion of the first attempts of this Nation hereupon was their like ambition of greater dominion together with their jealousie of the Carthaginian greatnes whose conquests here and dayly encroachings they much feared the joint cause hereof and of the second Punique warre Vnder Cn and Pub Scipio brethren pretending the aide hereof and the revenge of their confederates the Saguntines iniuriously warred vpon and sacked by Hannibal in the yeare of Rome 534 and about the beginning of that warre they first set footing herein after many victories both of them diasterously here slaine by the armes of the Carthaginians and treason of the Celtiberians Vnto these with much better fortune succeeded in the Proconsulship and warre hereof in the yeare of Rome 543 Publius Scipio the African son to the other Pub Scipio before named whose valour or chance it was vtterly to expell here-hence the Carthaginians and to make way for the Romane greatnes
THE SILINGI THese vvere also a Northerne people but of vvhat parts vve find not Not vnprobably they might be the Subalingij a German Nation mentioned by Ptolemy Isidore by vvhom onely amongst auncient Authours vve finde them expressely named maketh them to haue beene a part of the Vandals Mariana putteth them to bee a different people but joyned in the same troupe vvith the other vnder one and the same king passing into Gaule Spaine and seating themselues in that part of Baetica vvhereabout vvas Sivilla The Vandals departing into Afrique they remained behind from vvhose longer continuance for as much as they vvere accounted amongst that nation that part of Baetica became named Vandalia novv corruptly Andaluzia By Rechila the second king of the Suevians they vvere finally subdued and their country vvith the vvhole Baetica added to the dominion of that people after vvhich time vvee heare no more of them THE ALANS THese Ammianus Marcellinus placeth in Scythia inhabiting about the Fen Moeotis neighbouring to the Roxolani Iaziges and other Barbarous nations and extending for a great space of land betvvixt that marish and the rivers Tanais and Ganges and divided into sundry lesser people called all by this generall name Their first mention in histories we finde to haue beene in the raigne of the Emperour Vespasian then vvarring vpon the Parthians vvhereof reade Suetonius in Domitian Their after memory is frequent but confused With the Vandals Suevians before mentioned they first entred Gaule and Spaine The parts vvhich they tooke vp to inhabit in vvere the Provinces of Lustainia and Carthaginensis the Celtiberi and Carpetani excepted which people remained yet vnder the Roman subjection Aspiring to the dominion of the whole Spaine cooping with and overthrowne in a mighty battell by the Gothes they shortly after their first entrance lost here both their kingdome and name their king Atace with great number of them being slaine and the residue who escaped the slaughter flying into Calaecia amongst the Suevians where being confounded with that nation wee heare no further mention of them Their raigne here was but short during one only prince before mentioned Their religion was Gentilisme THE SVEVIANS THey were a Dutch people famous in all auncient Geographers Historians inhabiting the more Easterne moity of Germany beyond the river Elb and devided into sundry potent nations whereof these were a Colony or part For from this great generall name sundry other mighty people states the Lombards English High Dutch or Almans Sweath-landers Danes at this day of great power commaund in Europe were descended In the raigne of the Emperours Arcadius Honorius with the Vandals Alans they first invaded Gaule Spaine The part of Spaine wherein they first inhabited was Calaecia Vnder Rechila their second king subduing the Silingi they added Baetica to their dominions In the raigne of Recciarius their third king they became likewise possessed of Lusitania Puffed vp vvith so great posperity falling out vvith Theodoricus the most povverfull king of the Gothes overcome hereby in a great battell and their king Recciarius slaine they for a time became subject to that nation their kingdome and state being ouerthrowne and shared betwixt the Gothes their confederates the Romans After a short Interregnum by the liberality of this Theodoricus they had againe their kingdome restored but now straightned onely within Calaecia King Remismundus not long after added part of Lusitania where now is Coimbre and Lisbona recovered from the Romans vnto whom after that calamity overthrowe vnder Recciarius that province fell In the year 586 after 174 yeares continuance and in the raigne of the traiterous vsurper Andeca this kingdome and state tooke end overthrowne by Leutigildus king of the Gothes their king being shorne monke and Calaecia made a Province of the Gothish monarchie their name and mention becomming after this extinct and no more heard of in Spaine Their religion at the time of their first comming hither was Gentilisme Vnder their king Recciarius they first embraced the Christian and Catholique faith but which in a free estate they enjoyed not long enthralled to Theodoricus and the Arrian Gothes After that their kingdome was restored by the Gothes swayed with the power greatnes of that nation vnder their king Remismundus they chaunged their Catholique faith for the Arrian heresie wherein for about the space of one hundred yeares they afterwards persisted Vnder their king Theodomyrus by the especiall industry of Martin Abbot of Dumia they reassumed the Catholique religion which they constantly kept vntill their state and kingdome ended Their kings for as many of them as were set down in authours for the greatest part are not remembred were Hermenericus vnder whom they first passed into Gaule Spaine and planted in Calaecia Rechila vnder whom they conquered the Silingi Recciarius their first Christian Catholique king subdued slaine by Theodoricus king of the Gothes Franta Masdras after the restitution of the kingdome by the Gothes chosen by their factions the nation being devided Masdras sole king of the Suevians Franta deceasing Frumarius Remismundus son to Masdras after the decease hereof slaine in the third yeare of his raigne Remismundus sole king of the Suevians Frumarius deceasing Vnder this king the nation first revolted to the Arrian heresie After this prince for the space of one hundred yeares by the negligence of auncient times their kings are not remembred and vntill Theodomyrus Theodomyrus the restorer of the Catholique religion Myro or Ariamyrus son to Theodomyrus Eboricus son to Myro deposed shorne Monke by Andeca Andeca vpon occasion and pretence of whose treason Leutigildus king of the Gothes warring herevpon vtterly subdued the nation the last king of the Suevians after the milder custome of those times towards their vanquished enimies forced to religious orders and shut vp in a monastery by Leutigildus THE GOTHES THese Aelius Spartianus in the life of Antoninus Bassianus Caracalla and Iornandes de Rebus Geticis seeme to confound make one nation with the Getae Iornandes would haue their auncient and first abode to haue beene in Scanzia or Scandia thought then to bee an Iland and by Ptolemy accompted vnto Germany since knowne to joyne with the Firme Land The moderne names of East West Gothia in the kingdome of Swethen the stile of the kings hereof amongst other titles now naming themselues kings of the Gothes yeeld some likelihood of the truth of this assertion No lesse probably they might be the Gothini of Tacitus a people of the Suevians inhabiting in the South-East part of Germany A reason to perswade herevnto might be the neerenes of that nation vnto the Ister or Danubius vpon the bankes of which river we first heare of the name of the Gothes in histories Againe the neighbourhood of the Gothini vnto the Quadi and Sarmatae whom in the raigne of the Emperour Galienus we
king Ferdinand the fift Estella Pampelona Pompelon of Ptolemy Strabo Antoninus named thus and first founded by Pompey the great immediately after the warres ended with Sertorius a Bishops See and the residence of the Vice-royes situated in a plaine vpon the river Arga. Suprarbe amongst the Pyrenaean mountaines Here begun first the kingdome of Navarra before the plaine countrey subdued named hereof The auncient inhabitants of Navarra were part of the Vascones of Ptolemy Strabo and Pliny after the Westerne Roman Empire subdued in the raigne of Dagobert King of the French desbourding beyond the Pyrenaean Mountaines into the province of Aquitania in Gaule as probably about the same time here amongst the Cantabri occasioning the names of Biscaia and Guipuscoa in Spaine and of Gascoigne in France CASTILLIA LA VEIA THis country including Leon whose distinct limits we find not comprehendeth all that large tract of land extending from Biscaia and Asturia lying vpon the North thereof vnto the mountaines of Segovia Avila vpon the South dividing it from Castillia la Nueva having otherwise vpon the East Navarra with the kingdome of Aragon and vpon the West the kingdome of Portugal according to the lines and bounds before set downe It is more plaine fruitfull and better inhabited then are the neighbouring countries bordering vpon the Cantabrian Sea serving notwithstanding better for pasturage then for corne wine oyle fruites It is refreshed with many faire rivers amongst the which is the Duero the receptacle of the rest Townes of better note are Astorga Asturica Augusta of Ptolemy Asturica of Antoninus and Pliny surnaming the Astures Augustani then the chiefe of that division now a Bishops See frontiring vpon Galitia Leon at the foote of the Asturian mountaines built out of the ruines of Sublancia lying sometimes amongst the neighbouring hils where now is Sublanco in regard of the strong situation thereof destroyed by the commaund of the Emperour Nerva fearing a commotion of those mountainers Ptolemy who liued about that time named it Legio Germanica Septima Antoninus with some difference Legio Septima Gemina either because that it was first founded by that Legion or because that it was their fix'd residence and station Won from the Moores by Pelagius the first King of the Asturians it became afterwards the royall seate of those princes entitl'd from hence Kings of Leon vntill the vnion hereof with Castille It is now a Bishops See exempt from all superiour jurisdiction in matters Ecclesiasticall saving of the Popes The towne otherwise is meane and ill inhabited beautified chiefely with a faire Cathedrall Church where the auncient Kings of Leon lie enterred The auncient inhabitants of this part were the Astures Augustani of Pliny Salamança Salmantica of Ptolemy Antoninus a Bishops See and a flourishing Vniversity chiefely for the civill lawes seated vpon the river Tormes The auncient inhabitants of the country hereabouts were the Vettones of Strabo Ptolemy Coria Carium of Ptolemy a Bishops See Cuidad Rodrigo Rusticana of Ptolemy a Bishops See vpoÌ„ the riuer Gada The auncient inhabitants were part of the Lusitani of Ptolemy Zamora Sentica of Ptolemy Sentice of Antoninus a Bishops See seated vpon the right shore of the Duero The towne is strong and fairely built Tordesillas Segisama of Polybius in Strabo Segisama Iulia of Ptolemy Segisamon of Antoninus Palentia Palantia of Ptolemy and Antoninus Pallantia of Strabo Mela the name not much changed seated vpon the riuer Carrion aunciently an Vniversity removed thence to Salamança by king Ferdinand the third Vallidolid Pintia of Ptolemy situated vpon the riuer Pisuerga a late Vniversity founded by Philip the second and the chiefe of the three Cancellariaes of Castille Leon whither the greatest part of that kingdome resort for matters of justice By meanes hereof and of the Kings Court residing for the most here and at Madrid the towne is become very populous faire large and of great state nothing yeelding to the best cities in Spaine Lisbona and Sevilla excepted The auncient inhabitants of this part of Castille were the Vaccaei of Ptolemy but extended much further Strabo reckoneth Pallantia amongst the Arevacae but erroneously Burgos amongst shady mountaines neere to Monte D'oca and the head of the riuer Relanzon founded by Nunnius Belchis a Dutchman sonne in law to Iames Porcellus one of the first Earles of Castille out of certaine lesser townes and villages lying hereabouts amongst the which as is supposed was Braum of Ptolemy It continued after this for a long time the royall seate of the kings of Castille It is now an Archbishops See retayning the chiefe place amongst the cityes of the kingdome of Castille and Leon in the Parliaments or generall assemblies of the states The rest which haue voyces in the diets hereof are Toledo Leon Granado Sivilla Cordova Murcia Soria Avila Segovia Vallidolid Salamança Zamora Taurus Cuença Guadalaiara Madrid and Iaen all the other townes excluded Without Burgos flourisheth the rich Nunnery de las Huelgas a monasterie of especiall revenue whereinto none can be admitted but such as are noblely descended In the mountaines some 20 miles herefrom where is the Chappell called Nuestra Senora d'oca sometimes stood the town Auca giuing the name of Saltus Aucensis to the part of Idubeda now called Monte D'oca Avila a Bishops See vnder the hils named from hence the Mountaines of Avila Segovia Segovia of Pliny Antoninus Segubia of Ptolemy a Bishops See and a rich towne of cloathing lying vnder the same mountainous ridge Here yet standeth almost whole an ancient Aquaeduct of the Romans the most entire and fairest monument in Spaine Cronna del Conde Clunia of Ptolemy Pliny Antoninus one of the 7 resorts of the province Tarraconensis Vxama Vxama of Pliny Antoninus a Bishops See Soria neere vnto the head of the Duero At Garay a village towne neere herevnto stood sometimes that famous Numantia renowned for a 14 yeares warres against the Romans subdued by Scipio African the younger The auncient inhabitants of the countrey from Segovia were the Arevacae of Ptolemy the Arrebaci of Pliny the Arevaci of Strabo part of the Celtiberi Beyond Monte D'oca Naiara Logronnio vpon the Ebro Iuliobriga of Ptolemy and Iuliobrica of Pliny a city of the Cantabri Calaâ—ora vpon the same river a Bishops See Calagorina of Ptok my Calaguris of Strabo Calagurris of Antoninus a town of the Vascones and the countrey of the Oratour-Quintilian CASTILLIA LA NVEVA BOunded vpon the North with the Mountaines of Segovia Avila dividing it from Castillia la Veia environed on the other sides with Extremadura Andaluzia Granado part of the kingdome of Aragon The countrey is Champian plaine for the most part yeelding sufficient plenty of corne fruites and other necessary provision Chiefer townes are Talavera seated vpon the Taio and belonging to the Arch-bishop of Toledo
other plants and fruite trees Onely water here is scant the common want of Spaine The aire likewise in regard of the more Southerne situation thereof is very immoderate and scorching in Summer notwithstanding refreshed in the night with constant coole gales of winde breathing from the neighbouring Ocean Chiefer townes are Sevilla Hispalis of Strabo Ptolemy Pliny then a flourishing colony of the Romans and one of their foure juridicall resorts for Baetica seated vpon the great riuer Guadalquivir Vnder the Moores it was made the first seate of their Spanish Empire by Alahor lieftenant for the Miramamoline Zuleiman removed to Cordova The dominion of the Spanish Moores afterwards divided it became the head of a petty kingdome of that nation contayning the greatest part of this Province with Algarve in Portugal recouered from the Infidels by Ferdinand the third king of Castille Leon. It is now an Arch-bishops See and the only staple for the commodityes of the West Indyes belonging to the Crowne of Castille rich populous beautified with faire stately buildings both publique and priuate great accompted the second city of Spaine the next vnto Lisbona contayning about 6 miles in compasse and after Botero his accompt some-80000 inhabitants The river vnto it is deepe navigable The country about it is plaine pleasant most fruitfull About a league vpon the East hereof is Sevilla la Veia Italica of Strabo Ptolemy Antoninus and Ilipa surnamed Italica of Pliny the countrey of the mighty Emperours Trajan Adrian now a base obscure village Along the course of the Guadalquivir Palacios Cabeças Le-brixa Nebrissa of Strabo Ptolemy and Nebrissa surnamed Venerea of Pliny S. Lucar de Barrameda Luciferi Farum of Ptolemy a noted port in the way to Sivilla lying at the mouth of the riuer Guadalquivir Puerto de S. Maria Mnesthei portus of Ptolemy a commodious haven towne at the mouth of the river Guadalete Xeres de la Frontera in the maine land Asta of Ptolemy Antoninus and Asta Regia of Strabo Pliny In the fruitfull country hereof grow the plentifull Xeres sacke named thus from the towne It breedeth likewise the most fierce and swift gennets Nere herevnto vpon the river Guadalete was fought that fatall battaile betwixt the Moores and Roderigo the last King of the Gothes Medina Sidonia Asindum of Ptolemy and Asido Caesariana of Pliny Hereof the Dukes of Medina Sidonia are entitl'd Conil a sea-coast towne beyond the Iland of Cadiz belonging to the Dukes of Medina Sidonia Tarif vpon the same sea-coast so named from Tarif generall of the Moores in their first Spanish invasion by whom it was founded Heere Lodovicus Nonius conjectureth sometimes to haue stood the famous Tartessus of Herodotus Strabo and other auncient authours rich in gold and silver and visited by continuall fleetes of the Tyrian Merchants as by the Phocenses in the raigne of Arganthonius a little before their expugnation by Cyrus the same doubtlesse with that Tharsis mentioned in the Scriptures from whence Salamon did fetch part of his gold for the adorning of his new-built temple at Hierusalem Some in Strabo place this where then was Carteia whose position now is alike vncertaine Others in the same authour betwixt the two channels or branches of the river Baetis called then as was the towne Tartessus and as was the neighbouring countrey from hence Tartessis The mention hereof is famous but the towne through age ruinated or the name thereof quite changed in the time of Strabo and other auncient Geographers Algeriza vpon the same sea-coast Cibraltar a strong towne of warre at the entrance of the Straights lying vnder the mountaine named Calpe by Strabo after Pliny one of the pillars of Hercules and the bounds of his labours the furthest point of Spaine Europe towards the South The narrow channell of the Sea betwixt this and Afrique was called by the auncients Fretum Herculeum Gaditanum Tartessiacum from the famous pillars Iland and city before mentioned now from hence Estrecho de Gibraltar They are in length 15 miles and in breadth where they are the straitest about 7 miles Cordova further vp within the land at the foote of Sierra Morena and vpon the right shore of the river Guadalquivir Corduba of Strabo Ptolemy Mela a famous colony of the Romans the first they planted in this province surnamed Patritia by Pliny a juridicall resort and the chiefe city of Baetica reckoned by Ausonius amongst the 4 chiefest of Spaine the countrey of Lucan of the two Senecaes Vnder the Moores it remayned for a long time the chiefe seate of their Spanish dominions after Alahor the residence of the Leiftenants of the Miramamolines as afterwards of their Kings The Empire hereof being divided it was made the head of a particular kingdome named from hence contayning then part of Andaluzia with the country of Granado taken from the Infidels by Ferdinand the third King of Castille It is now a Bishops See and one of the two seates of the Inquisition for this province The towne is large spacious beautified with a magnificent Castle standing at the West end thereof the pallace sometimes of the Moorish Kings The buildings otherwise for the most part are meane The situation is very pleasant happy over-looking towards the South a fruitfull and even plaine towards the North overtopped with the steepe and hollow mountaines of Sierra Morena reaching almost to the subvrbs greened over with oliues vines other plants Iaen a Bishops See At Anduxar a village distant some halfe a Spanish league from hence stood sometimes the towne Illurgis of Ptolemy and Illiturgis of Antoninus and Illiturgi surnamed Forum Iulium of Pliny Ecceia vpon the riuer Chenil Astygis of Ptolemy Astygi of Mela Antoninus and Astygi surnamed Augusta Firma of Pliny a Roman colony and one of the foure juridicall resorts of Baetica Ossuna Vrso of Strabo Pliny whereof the dukes of Ossuna are thus entitl'd a late Vniversity founded in the yeare 1549 by Iohn Telter de Girona Earle of Vrenna The fruitfull pleasant countrey hereabouts aboundeth in oliue trees Marchena vpon a hill overlooking a champian most fruitfull countrey especially for oliues the ordinary residence of the Dukes of Arcos The auncient inhabitants of Andaluzia were the Turditani of Ptolemy and the Turditani and Turduli of Strabo devided by the riuer Baetis and lying vpon the sea-coast on this side of the river Anas at that time the most ciuill and learned people of all the Spaniards vsing Grammar and having their written monuments of antiquity poems and lawes in verse for the space after their accompt of six thousand yeares the Elysian fields of Homer the extraordinary riches pleasure and fertility of the countrey occasioning the fiction Heere also dwelt part of the Turduli of Ptolemy and Bastuli of Strabo Ptolemy GRANADO HAving vpon the West the river Guadalantin the bounds thereof and Andaluzia vpon the North
Castillia la Nueva vpon the East Murcia and vpon the South the Mediterranean Sea reaching from the river Guadalantin vnto the towne of Vera. It contayneth in length accompting from Ronda to Huescar 200 miles and in breadth from Cabili vnto Almugnecar vpon the Mediterranean 100 miles The circuite of the whole after Marinaeus Siculus is 700 miles The North part is plaine the South ouer-spread with the steepe and inaccessible mountaines of the Alpuxarras and other names of the Orospeda swelling along the sea-coasts hereof The soile is generally very fat aswell the hils as the plaine countrey yeelding plenty of corne wine and other sorts of delicate fruites Granado is the chiefe city seated in the heart of the countrey vpon two greater hils besides others which are lesser betwixt which runneth the litle riuer Darrien arising out of the mountaines 17 miles vpon the East hereof devided into foure parts or quarters Al-hambre El-Alvesin El-Granado Antiquerula the two former being situated vpon the hils the other two in the valley below contayning together at the time that the towne was won by King Ferdinand the fift some 200000 inhabitants now not so many In El-Granado is the Cathedrall Church of a round figure having sometimes been a Mahumetane temple where in a sumptuous Chappell built since by the Christians Ferdinand the fift and Isabella Kings of Spaine lie enterred In Al-hambre stand two magnificent palaces the one more lately erected by the Christian princes the other the seate of the auncient Kings of the Moores severally encompassed with a wall and enjoying a most pleasant prospect towards the West and South ouer-looking a flourishing greene plaine garnished with meadowes corne fields vineyards and woods of oliues and to the South the cloudy tops of Sierra Nevada distant some 9 miles from thence being part of Orospeda The private buildings are for the most part of bricke after the custome of the Moores rather many then costly the streetes then standing thicke and close together now many houses being pulled downe and partly for want of inhabitants made more wide and enjoying a more free aire Heere by meanes of the plenty of Mulbery trees great store of silke is made wouen Vpon the hill Elvire neere herevnto stood sometimes the towne Illiberis of Ptolemy Other townes of better note are Loxa vpon the river Darrien enjoying a most fruitfull and pleasant situation Guadix a Bishops See Alhama Artigis of Ptolemy Artigi surnamed Iulienses of Pliny and Artigi of Antoninus seated in a fruitfull soile amongst steepe and picked rocks wherewith it is environed a towne now much frequented by the Spanish nobility by meanes of the hot medicinable bathes thereof Antiquera Singilia of Pliny Ronda The neighbouring part of the mountaine Orospeda is now called from hence Sierra de Ronda Neerer vnto the sea Mediterranean Munda Munda of Strabo Pliny Here the great battaill was fought betwixt Iulius Caesar Cn and Sextus Pompeij the sons of Pompey the great Cartima Malaga Malaca of Strabo Ptolemy Mela Antoninus seated vpon the Mediterranean at the mouth of the river Guadalquivireio a Bishops See a strong towne of warre and a noted port well knowen vnto the English and Dutch Merchants trading there for sacks rasins almonds and the like fruites Velez Malaga Sex of Ptolemy Sexitanum of Antoninus and Sexi-Firmum surnamed Iulium of Pliny From the huge neighbouring tops of the Aspuxarras the farre remote shores of Afrique with the Straights of Gibraltar and townes of Seuta and Tangier may plainely be discerned covered vntill of late yeares with an incredible multitude of villages of the Moriscos banished into Afrique by the edict of king Philip the third with the rest of that of-sprâ—ng Almeria vpon the Mediterranean Abdara of Ptolemy and Abdera of Mela after Strabo founded by the Tyrians or after Pliny by the Carthaginians It is now a Bishops See Muxacra vpon the same shore of the Mediterranean beyond Cabo de Gatas thought to bee Murgis of Ptolemy Pliny and Antoninus the furthest towne of Baetica Vera vpon the same sea-coast the furthest town towards France and the East of the countrey of Granado thought to be Virgao of Pliny naming the neighbouring bay or crooke of the Mediterranean Sinum Virgitanum in Mela. Porcunna within the land Obulcum of Ptolemy and Obulco of Strabo Pliny The auncient inhabitants hereof were parts of the Bastuli Turduli of Strabo and Ptolemie MVRCIA BOunded vpon the West with the kingdome of Granado vpon the North with Castillia la Nueva vpon the East with Valentia and vpon the South with the Mediterranean intercepted betwixt the towne of Vera and the river Segura The countrey is for the greatest part dry barren and ill inhabited Townes of better note are Murcia the chiefe towne naming the countrey Menralia of Ptolemy seated in a fresh and pleasant plaine planted with pomegranates and other excellent fruite trees a Bishops See and seate of the Inquisition Carthagena Carthago of Ptolemy and Pliny founded by Hasdrubal Carthaginian Successour in the government of Spaine vnto Hamilcar father of the great Hannibal taken during the second Punique warre by Publius Scipio the African and afterwards made a Roman Colony and one of the 7 iuridicall resorts of Tarraconensis and by the Emperour Constantine the great the principall city of the Province named from hence in Rufus Festus Carthaginesis Twice sacked and rased to the ground by the barbarous Vandals Gothes in a long time lay buryed in its ruines reedified and strongly fortified of late yeares by King Philip the second fearing a surprisall thereof by the Turkish Pyrats invited by the opportunity of the faire and spacious hauen thereof The towne is yet but meane contayning 600 housholds or families The auncient inhabitants hereof were part of the Contestani of Ptolemy The forreine Conquests which the Kings of Spaine enjoy now in right of the Crowne of Castille are the townes of Oran and Melilla with the hauen Musalquivir and rocke of Velez in the Continent of Barbary the Canary Ilands and the New-found-world of America Brasil excepted ARAGON BOunded vpon the South with the Sea Mediterranean extended from the mouth of the riuer Segura vnto the castle of Salsas and frontire of Languedoc vpon the East with the Pyrenaean mountaines from the sea Mediterranean vntill towards the head of the riuer Agra or Aragon from France vpon the North with that riuer from Navarra then with a winding line continued from the Ebro by the townes of Taradona Hariza Daroca Xativa and Orihuela vnto the Mediterranean and mouth of the riuer Segura dividing it from the rest of the kingdome of Castille It containeth the three Provinces of Valentia Aragonia and Catalonia with the Land of Russillon VALENTIA HAving the Sea Mediterranean vpon the East intercepted betwixt the riuers Segura and Cinia the Segura and Country of Murcia vpon the South Catalonia and the riuer Cinia vpon the North and vpon the West
Caesar part of the Edui Bourbon-Lancy vpon the top of an high mountaine defended with a strong castle At the foot of the hill lyeth the lesser towne of S. Ligier affording medicinable Bathes both of hot and cold waters preferred by king Henry the Third before all others of the kingdome La Bourgongne with Lionnois anciently were the Hedui of Caesar Strabo and Mela the Aedui of Ptolemie and the Edui of Antoninus honoured by the Romans with the title of their Allies and Confederates the chiefe people of the nation of the Celtae contending for a long time with the Arverni and Sequani for the principalitie of the Gaules whose quarrells occasioned afterwards the conquest of Gaule Comata or of the further Gaule lying North of the Mountaines Cemmeni by Caesar the Romans Auxerre Antissiodorum of Antoninus in his Itinerary then the Mansion of the 22 Legion of the Romans and civitas Antisiodorum in his Catalogue of the citties of Gaule now a Bishops sea and Bailliage naming Le Pais Auxerrois Nevers Noviodunum of Caesar and Nivernium of Antoninus in his Itinerary and the way betwixt Augustodunum and Paris a strong towne vpon the Loire neere vnto the confluence thereof and of the river Allier the seat of the Dukes of Nevers and naming the particular country now called Nivernois These two townes are accounted in La Bourgongne but belong vnto the Resort of the Parliament of Paris Auxerre is numbred otherwise by Andre du Chesne amongst the townes of Champaigne CHARROLOIS THe country is little named thus from the towne of Charroles It is situated betwixt the rivers of the Loire and the Soasne having vpon the North the Dukedome of Burgundy vpon the West Bourbonois and Forest vpon the South Beau-jolois and Lionnois and vpon the East La Bresse It belonged anciently to the Dukes of Burgundie whose eldest sons were still named Earles of Charrolois With La Bourgongne surprised and detained by Lewis the Eleuenth and the succeeding French kings it was for a long time controversed betwixt them and the kings of Spaine heires of the house of Burgundy after long warres by king Henry the second following the agreement of the League of Cambraye restored to Philip the second king of Spaine It is now held by the house of Burgundy and Austria but vnder the fief of the French kings subiect in matters of iudicature to the Parliament of Dole in the County of Burgundy whither the inhabitants make their appeale BEARN LYing at the foot of the Pyrenaean Mountaines betwixt these and the countries of Begorre and Baionne named thus from the towne Benearnum of Antoninus now Orthes The soile is fat and rich as well amongst the mountaines as in the plaine country affording good pasturages and plenty of cattaile corne flaxe hempe butter cheese and in some parts perfect wines not yeelding to the best in France Here are likewise sundry springs of hot medicinable waters Chiefer townes are Pau the Parliament or supreame Court of iudicature of the country and the seate of the Princes before their vnion with France beautified with a stately Palace built by Henery d' Albret K. of Nauarre Lord of Bearn Lescar a Bishops sea the more auncient seat of the Princes remoued afterwards to Pau. Oleron â—uro of Antoninus in his Itinerary and way betwixt Caesar-Augusta and Benearnum now a Bishops sea mounted on the toppe of an high hill in the more high and mountainous part of Bearn Orthes after Ios. Scaliger Benearnnm of Antoninus in his Itinerary and the way before mentioned and Ciuitas Beranensium and Benainas in his Catalogue of the citties and Provinces of Gaule and Benarnum of Gregory of Tours in his 9 booke giuing the name to the country Navarrins at the foot of the Pyrenaean Mountaines a well fortified towne The country of Bearn was part of the Province Nouem-populonia of Ant. Novempopulana of Rufus Festus and Novem-populi of Ammianus Marcellinus The Princes hereof are absolute Lords not subiect to the checke fief of others with the right of Nauarre not long since by Henry the fourth vnited in the house and succession of the French kings THE ILANDS OF FRANCE THe Ilands belonging to this continent and subiect to the Crowne of France are neither many or of any great note or worth In the sea Mediterranean lye the Iles d' Ere 's the Staechades of Ptolemy against Provenâ—ce betwixt Friuls and Toulon Les Pomegues against Marseilles L' Anguillade against the mouth of the riuer Rhosne probably Blascon of Ptolemy Maguelone against the province of Languedoc Without the Straights in the Westerne Ocean the Ilands d' Oleron and de Re against Xaintogne and Rochelle Belle-Isle against Bretaigne and the towne of Vannes Here are likewise the Ilands of Iersay Garnsay and Alderney lying against Le Pais Constantin in Normandy appertaining to this account but subiect to the kings of Great Bretaigne being part of their ancient and hereditary Dutchy of Normandy and incorporated now with the Crowne of of England belonging to the relation and description of that kingdome OF THE STATE OF EVROPE The XI Booke COntaining the present bounds situation and qualitie of Germany The inhabitants Their Character or description languages religion Bishops and Cleargie The sacrilegious vsurpation and iniuries done to the Church by the Lay Princes The manner of the civill goverment The Prince His authority titles and maner of succession The King of the Romans The generall Diets and States of the Empire Their authority and power The Imperiall Courts and Circles A short survey of the imperfections and disorders of the vast vnweildie and ill-vnited body of the German Empire The parts or provinces subiect or more properly belonging to the Empire GERMANIE THE name of the Germans to omit other more vnlikely Etymologies Strabo deriveth from the Latin word Germani which signifieth brethren or men of the same kindred or of a like nature and disposition first giuen vnto them by the Romans in regard of their similitude with the neighbouring Gaules as in colour and shape of body so in maners and custome of living For the name otherwise in the time of Tacitus was but new and lately invented being anciently called only by the appellations of the many nations inhabiting the countrey The Land is bounded vpon the West with Switzerlandt France the Lowe Countries and with the part of the German Ocean intercepted betwixt the falls of the rivers Eems and Eydore vpon the North with Denmarke and the Sea Baltique vpon the East with Poland Prussen and Hungarie and vpon the South with the Alpes and Italie Chappuys accompteth the length hereof to bee 840. Italian miles measuring onely betwixt the Rhijn and the Wixel and the breadth from the towne of Brixen in Tirol vnto the Ocean at 745 of the same miles It lieth betwixt the 22 and 45 degrees of Longitude accompting from the Meridian by the Açores and the 45 20 60 and 54 48 60 degrees
wasted consumed replenished now with sundry cities and townes are at this day Schwartzwald in 〈◊〉 in the Dukedome of Wirtenberg before mentioned Otten-wald in the Palatinate betwixt the riuers Neccar the Maine Wester-wald nere vnto the Rhijn and the towne of Cobolentz betweene Franken-landt and Hessen Speysshartz further vp in Francken-landt betwixt Wâ—rtzburg and Bamberg Steyger-wald in Duringen Duringen-waldt vpon the mountaines of Bohemia towards the vpper Palatinate Behaimerwaldt vpon the same hills towards the towne of Passaw the Danow Passawer-waldt vpon the same mountaines towards Marrheren Der Scheid in Lusatz Spondawer-heid Rattenawer-heid Galber-heyd and Pomerisch-heid in Oostenreich Freistetterwaldt and Koningwiser-waldt in Bavaria Heinerdoch Grien-waldt and Zeller waldt in the country of Brunswijck Hartzwaldt Solinger-waldt with others wherewith this rough country is yet wel stored replenished MARTIANA These were the woods couering the hills Abnobi from their darke shadines called now Schwartz-wald or the Black wood BACENIS This was the same with the wood Semana of Ptolemie Pirckheâ—â—erus interpreteth it to be Duringer-waldt GABRETA This now after Montanus is Behaimer-waldt or rather more generally all the woods of the Mountaines Sudetae towards the West and North. LVNA This is Passawer-waldt after the same authour or the woods of the Sudetae towards Passaw and the South The RIVERS Out of those Forests and Mountaines issue the Rivers The chiefest hereof and whereinto the most part of the rest are disburdened are the Rhijn the Danow Eems Weser Elve Oder and the Wixel The RHIIN This ariseth out of the Alpes in two small rivulets or torrents whose heads are distant about a daies iourney a sunder whereof the neerer called by the Dutch the Vorder Rhijn sourceth out of the hills of the Lepontij and the Mountaine Luckmanier the further named the Hinder Rhijn out of the Alpes of the Rhaeti and the Mountaine Der Vogel These two meeting together about a Dutch mile from Chur of the Grisons are afterwards continued in one chanell towards the North by the famous citties of Constance Basil Spire Worms Mentz and Colen encreasing still by the way with the additions of sundry other great rivers vnto the sort of Schenken-schans in the land of Cleue and confines of Gelderlandt where againe divided then encompassing Holland Vtreicht and Gelderland vnder other namâ—s it is emptied into the river Maes and the Zuider Zee The maine Chanells of the Rhijn by which this great river was disburdened into the Ocean were in the time of Iulius Caesar the Wael and the Rhijn whereof this latter passing then by Lugdunum Batavorum now Leyden fell into the Ocean at the place where now is Catwijck in Holland with the other branch making the Iland of the Batavians of Tacitus In the next raigne of the Emperour Augustus Drâ—sâ—â— Germanicus father to the Imperour Claudius then Lieutenant of the warres of Germany to emptie keepe in the fuller chanell of the Rhijn or of the more Northerne branch threatning an invndation of the subject Moorish countries drewe from it the dreane called afterwards from hence Fossae Drusinae now the Ysel Not long after in the raigne of the Emperour Vespasian Civilis the Batavian rebelling against the Romans more strongly to entrench and fortifie himselfe against that potent enimie levelling the banks made by Drusus to keepe in the better the fuller water of the Rhijn or Middle branch let the same loose towards the Wael and the coast of Gaule whether for the lower situation of that part of the countrie it then naturally inclined leauing after this for its greater part its ancient current and wearing the chanell since called the Leck Since this time as at this day the Rhijn hath beene conveyed into the Ocean by foure branches or chanells of the Wael before named from the first division hereof at Schnken-schans continued through Gelderlandt by Nimmengen Tiel and Bommel vntill at the Castle of Lovestain it looseth its name in the Maes of the Rhijn from the same division at Schenken-schans extended likewise through Gelderlandt by Huessen Arnhem and Wageningen vnto Duerstede where the maine river being diverted by the Lecke with a small current it is continued by Vtreicht and through Holland vnto Leyden where leauing this name and stopped by the intervening sandie downes betwixt this the sea vnder another name of the Vliet it is turned towards the South at Sluys a little village against Brill falling into the Maes of the Lecke into the which the Rhijn diverteth at Duerstede by the townes of Culenborch Vianen and Schoonhoven in the Provinces of Vtreicht and Holland carried into the Maes at a little towne called Crimpten betwixt Dort and Rotterdam and of the Ysel drawne from the Rhijn neere Arnhem in Gelders and by the townes of Zutphen and Deventer betwixt Gelderlandt and Over-Ysel receaued into the Zâ—â— der Zee or the sea of Amsterdam at Campen Chiefer rivers receaued hereinto are from the coast of Germany the Neccar arising in 〈◊〉 wald neere Rotweil and through the countries of Wirtenberg and of the Lower Palatinate tooke in at Manheim below Heidelberg the Maine out of the Mountaine Fichtelberg through Franckenlandt and by the townes of Bamberg and Wurtzburg receaued in belowe Francfurt the Ruer arising in Westphalen and flowing hereinto at Duisburg in Cleueland the Lippe arising not far from Paderborn in Westphalen by the Castle of Lippe and other obscurer places emptied herein at the towne of Wesel from the side of France or Gaule the Aar issuing out of the Alpes of the Lepontij neere vnto the hill of S. Gothard and through Switzerlandt and the Lakes Brientzer and Thuner Seâ—s and by the townes of Bern and Solothurn discharged herein to nere Waldshut the Russ out of the Mountaine S. Gothard through Switzerlandt and the Lakes Waldstet and Lucerner-sees carried into the Aar at the towne of Bruck the Limat out of the Alpes of the Grisons through Switzerlandt and the Lakes Walen and Zurich Sees receaued into the Aar nere vnto the confluence thereof and of this river the Ill out of Sungow neere vnto the towne of Altkirch by the townes of Mulhausen Einsheim and Schlestat in Sungow and Elsatz after the receipt of almost infinite lesser rivulets descending from the mountainous ridge of the Vauge falling hereinto a little below Strasburg and the Moselle arising out of the Mountaine Vauge at the confines of Lorraine and of the Free country of Burgundie and through Lorraine and the countrie of Triers by the citties Toul Metz and Treves disburdened hereinto at Cobolentz The DANOW This river springeth in Schwartzwald at a little towne belonging to the Earles of Furstenberg called Don-Eschingen in a plainer situation the hill vnder which it riseth being the Church-yard of the Village not exceeding 16 cubits
barbarous nations the seat of Attilas and the Huns then of the Ostrogothes afterwards of the Longobards and lastly of the Avares The Avares being subdued by the Emperour Charles the Great it was added to the Province of the Bavarians peopled with Colonies of that nation In the raigne of the Emperour Lewis the third it was conquered by the Hungarians part whereof which is the Lower Pannonie they haue held vnto this day enthralled now for the greatest part vnto the Turkes The rest containing now Stiermarck and the Dukedome of Austria is partly yet retained by the Bavarians recovered by the Princes of Austria by that meanes still remaining Dutch GAVLE This country we haue before bounded and described Besides France it comprehended the parts of Moderne Germanie situated betwixt the Alpes and the river Soâ—sne Meuse and the Rhijn containing now the Dukedomes of Lorraine Gulicke Sweybruck and Savoy the Free Countie of Burgundie Elsats the districts and Bishoppricks of Mentz Colen Trier and Luick part of the land of Cleue and of the Lower Palatinate What haue beene the sundry fortunes successions and affaires hereof and how these parts became Dutch or Germanie see France GERMANIE Ptolemie nameth this the Great Germany for a distinction from the two lesser called the First and the Second Germanies and lying vpon the other side of the Rhijn in Gaule The bounds hereof are not alike set down by all Strabo and Mela extend them Southwards as farre as the Alpes including Rhaetia and Noricum Orosius East-wards vnto the Euxine sea comprehending the Sarmatae and Daci More rightly Tacitus Ptolemie and Solinus confine it within the Danow and the Wixel or the borders of Sarmatiâ— The more exact limits hereof as they are set downe by Ptolemie were vpon the South the river Danow from its first spring vnto the citty Diogenea dividing it from the Rhoeti Norici and the Pannones vpon the West the Rhijn vnto the Ocean vpon the North the Ocean and vpon the East first the river Wixel during its whole course then a line from the head of the Wixel continued ouer the Mountaines of the Sarmatae vnto the towne Diâ—genâ—â— vpon the Danow Tacitus addeth to this account whatsoeuer lay North of this Continent vnto the Frozensea named by Ptolemie with some mistake the Ilands Scandiae for thus the greater Scandia now Norwey and Swethen not then fully discouered was esteemed The whole containeth now the parts of Schwaben and Bavaria lying within the Danow part of the Lower Palatinate the Lower Austria the Vpper Palatinate Bohemia Moravia Silesia Lusatia Franconia Hessâ—n Duringen Westphalen the East and West Freislandts Over-ysel North-Hollandt part of Cleuelandt the Marquisate of Brandenburg Pomeren the Higher and the Lower Saxonies Holsten the kingdomes of Denmarck Norwey Swethen with the part of the kingdome of Poland lying on this side of the side of the Wixel The ancient inhabitants hereof as they are more fully set downe by Tacitus Procurator sometimes of the neighbouring Gaule Belgicke vnder the Emperour Vespasian with reference to Strabo Mela Pliny and Ptolemie with their many different interpretations follow The Mattiaci after Birtius the part now of Hessen about the towne of Martpurg and the river Lon. The Catti the Chatti of Strabo Ptolemie and Plinie after Willichius the Marquisate of Baden Heilprun Heildelberg with other neighbouring parts to Otten-wald after Althamorus Lusatz or Duringen after Ph. M. Catzenelbogen and part of Franconia and Duringen after Montanus Hessen and Duringen more rightly after Pirckhermerus the land of Hessen in which country some few lettâ—rs only changed the name yet seemeth to be preserved The Vsipij Vispi of Ptolemie after Willichius now the countrey about Francfurt vpon the Meine Luick after Althamerus Luick or Cleueland after Glareanus the Marquisate of Baden with Brisgow after Pirckhermerus the country of Wirtenberg after Montanus more probably after Birtius the country of Zutphen The Tencteri the Tingri of Ptolemie now according to Willichius the country about the rivers Lon Lippe and the Rhijn with part of Franconia vpon the shore of Rhijn opposite to Colen after Althamerus Glareanus The Bructeri Bucteri of Strabo and Busacteri of Ptolemy now after Willithius the country about the Lippe Munster and Osnâ—burg in Westâ—halia after Ph. M. part of Saxony about Hildesheim Brunswiâ—ck after Althamerus inhabiting betwixt the river Ems and the Lippe after Pirckhermerus Over-ysel where lie the townes of Deventer and Swol Westphaliâ— after Montanus In the time of my author these were wholy extinguished slaine and chased out by the Chamavi and Angrivarij and through a ioint conspiracie and agreement of the neighbouring nations The Chamavi and Angrivarij the Camavi and Angrivarij of Ptolemy succeeding in the left roomes of the Bructeri The Dulgibâ—ni the Dulgumnij of Ptolemy now after Willichius the countries of Brunswijck Halberstatt Hildesheim with the Casuarij DuringeÌ„ after Glareanus about Gottingen in Westâ—halia after Althamerus with the Lacobardi the Diocese of Meydburg and the old Marches of Brandenburg after Pirckhermerus The Chasuari Casuari of Ptolemie Chattuarij of Strabo now part of the land of Hessen where standeth the towne of Cassel after Willichius part of Duringen after Glareanus Dâ—â—ingen after Althamerus and Montanus The Frisij Maiores the Frisii Maiores of Strabo now VVest Freislandt Over-ysel and Veluwe in Gelderlandt The Frisii Minores the Frisii Minores of Strabo now North-Hollandt with the part of the country of Vtreicht lying betwixt the middle branch of the Rhiin or the chanel by Vtreicht and the Zuyder Zee The Chauci the Chauci of Ptolemie and Pliny and the Cauci of Strabo extended betwixt the rivers of Eems and the Elb and comprehending now Oost-Freislandt and the Bishoprick of Bremen The Cherusci the Cherusci of Strabo Ptolemie and Plinie now the country of Anhalt after Willichius and Althamerus after Glareanus part of Saxony and of the old Marches of Brandenburg after Ph. M. part of Duringen with the Chamavi the countries of Mansfeldt or Lunenburg after Montanus more probably after Pirckheâ—â—erus Duringen with part of Saxoniâ— By this people in the raigne of the Emperour Caesar Augustus Quintilius Varus was slaine with all the Roman Legions attending him the vndoubted deliverers of the Germans from the yoake and bondage of the Romanes not long before in the same raigne of Augustus having maâ—â—ered and subdued this nation by Drusus and by meanes of this overthrow withdrawing into the parts without the Rhijn the after perpetuall boundeâ— of their Empire The Cimbri the Cimbri of Strabo Ptolemie Plinie and Mela now the Dukedome of Holstein and Iutlandt after Willichius more certainely Iutlandt in Denmarke named from hence by Ptolemie the Cimbrian Chersonese Of these people were sometimes a colonie those Cimbri with the Teutones and Tigurini with great furie and violence descending sometimes into the Romane Provinces of the West after the defeate of 〈◊〉 Consularie armies vnder their generals Carbo Cassius Scaurus
French THE LAND OF GVLICK THe bounds hereof are vpon the West Luick and Gelderlandt vpon the South the Land of Colen vpon the East Colen and the Earledome of Murs and vpon the North Clevelandt The aire here is healthy and pleasant and the soile fruitfull rich in come and pasturages yet rough and wooddy in some places endented with the branches of the forest Ardenne Chiefer townes are Dueren vpon the Roer Gulick Iuliacum of Antoninus seated vpon the same river the chiefe of the country Ercklens Dalem Berchen vpon the river Erp. The ancient inhabitants hereof were the Menapij of Ptolemy Plinie and Strabo with part of the Eburones CLEVELAND IT hath vpon the South Gulick Murs Colen and Bergen vpon the West Gelderlandt vpon the North the Earledome of Zutphen and vpon the East Westphalen The soile is like vnto Gulick-land plaine healthie pleasant and fruitfull in corne and pasturages Chiefer townes are Aâ—gerot Duisburg Emmerick Orsoy Burick Wesel Santen Castra Vetera of Tacitus and Vetera civitas of Ptolemie Reess Griet Embrick and Griethusen all situated vpon the Rhijn Nere herevnto and the frontires of Gelderlandt the river of the Rhijn entring vpon lower grounds and to bigge for one chanell divideth it selfe into two branches the Rhijn and the Wael Within the land Cleve the chiefe towne of the country Calcar Goch vpon the river Niers Gennep The right of the country with the Land of Gulick Bergen and Marck belongeth now to the Princes of Brandenburg and Nuburg the heires generall of the house of Cleve possessed by meanes of their quarels for the greatest part by the armes of the confederate states and of the princes of Burgundy Lords of the Low countries pretending the defence and aide of their sides the Arch-dukes pretending for Nuburg and the states for Brandenburg THE DIOCESE OF COLEN THis lieth along the left shore of the Rhijn extended from the country of Trier vpon the South thereof vnto the Earledome of Murs and Clevelandt vpon the North confining on the other sides with Gulick-landt vpon the West and with the Dukedome of Bergen vpon the East divided herefrom by the Rhijn Townes here of chiefer note are Nuys Novesium of Tacitus and Antoninus and Nivesia of Ammianus Marcellinus situated vpon the river Erp neere vnto the confluence thereof and the Rhijn Colen vpon the left shore of the Rhijn Colonia Agrippinensis of Plinie Agrippinensis of Ptolemie Colonia Agrippinensis and Oppidum Vbiorum of Tacitus Colonia Agrippina and Agrippinensis of Antoninus the Metropolis then of the Province of Germania Secunda and a famous Colony of the Romanes brought hither in the raigne of the Emperour Tiberius by Agrippina daughter to Caesar Germanicus and wife to the Emperour Claudius occasioning the surname It is now an Archbishops sea and a towne Imperiall rich large populous and every way magnificent containing some fiue mile in circuit The Cathedrall Church of S. Peter is of a vast and stupendious greatnes but rude and vnperfect Besides this the city containeth dedicated to religious vses some 9 parish Churches 10 Collegiate 30 Chappels of our Lady 37 Monasteries of both sexes and 19 Hospitals Bon vpon the same shore of the Rhijn Bonna of Ptolemie and Castra Bonnensia and Bonna of Tacitus then the wintring campe of the first Romane Legion It is now the ordinary seat of the Electour and Arch-Bishop of Colen situated in a very fruitfull and pleasant part of the country Zulp Tolbiacum of Tacitus and Antoninus memorable for the great victorie of the Frenchmen obtained against the Almans vnder Clovys their fift king and the death of Ermenfridus the last king of the Thuringians treacherously here slaine by Theodoric king of Austrasia It is now a meane village The more ancient inhabitants of the country were the Vbij of Caesar Strabo and Tacitus a more peaceable German nation in the time of Caesar confederate with the Romanes afterwardes being vexed with the warres and injuries of the Suevians for their more quiet dwelling drawne vnto the hither side of the Rhijn and placed here by Agrippa sonne in law to the Emperour Augustus honoured with the birth of Agrippina wife to the Emperour Claudius and mother vnto Nero. THE LOWER PALATINATE IT is extended on both sides of the river of the Rhijn bounding vpon the North with the river Meine and Franconia vpon the East with Franconia and the Dukedome of Wirtenberg vpon the South with Elsatz and the Marquisate of Baden and vpon the West with the Dukedome of Zweibruck The country before those late vnhappy warres betwixt the Emperour Ferdinand the second and Frederick the fift Count Palatine of the Rhijn whereby it hath beene much ruinated was accounted the most fruitfuil and pleasant through the whole Germany commended for its plenty of excellent Rhenish wines Cheifer townes are Mentz Mocontiacum of Ptolemie Mogontiacum of Tacitus Mogontiacus and Mogontiacum of Ammianus Marcellinus and Civitas Maguntiacensis of Antoninus the Metropolis then of the Province Germania Prima now an Archbishops sea situated vpon the left shore of the Rhijn against the confluence thereof and the Meine The towne is large stretched in a great length along the Rhijn thicke and faire built but further off from the riuer not so well inhabited It is subject to the Archbishops Here was first invented the noble art of printing by Iohn Gutenberg knight in the yeare 1440 and raigne of the Emperour Albert the second Bracharac vpon the same shore of the Rhijn Ingelheim vpon the same shore Oppenheim Ruffiniana of Ptolemie vpon the same shore Worms Borbetomagus of Ptolemie and Bormitomagus civitas Vangionensis and Wormensis of Antoninus now a Bishops sea towne Imperiall seated vpon the same shore of Rhijn The country hereof were the Vangiones of Plinie and Ptolemie Spire vpon the same side of the Rhijn Naeomagus of Ptolemie Noviomagus Civitas Nemetum and Spira of Antoninus a towne Imperiall and a Bishops sea Here now is held the Imperiall Court more anciently still following the Emperours in the raigne of the Emperour Maximilian the first fixed at Francfurt afterwards at Worms and now lastly in the yeare 1530 and raigne of the Emperour Charles the fift translated hither The more ancient inhabitants of the country hereof were the Nemeti of Ptolemie the Nemetes of Plinie and Antoninus Alzaei Neustat Prefectureships Franckendal Keisers-luter Vpon the further side of the Rhijn Manheim a towne and strong fort at the confluence of the riuers Neccar the Rhijn Ladeburg vpon the Neccar subject to the Bishops of Spire Heidelberg seated in a bottome amongst hills vpon the right shore of the riuer Neccar the chiefe towne of the country subiect to the Paltzgraues before those late troubles renowned with a famous Vniversitie founded in the yeare 1336 by Rupert Count Palatine of the Rhijn In the Castle hereof situated vpon the side of an hill without the towne the Paltzgraues ordinarily
soile fat and plentifull of all things necessary It is divided into the Higher Lausnitz which is the part confining vpon Bohemia and the Lower Lausnitz neighbouring to Brandenburg Chiefer townes in the Higher Lausnitz are Gorlitz a faire and well built towne vpon the riuer Neisse Bautzen the seat of the gouernour of the country for the Emperour and king of Bohemia vpon the Spree Zittaw bordering vpon Bohemia Lauben Lubben Gamitz These together by the inhabitants are named the Six townes confederate amongst themselues in a strict league In the Lower Lausnitz Spremberg vpon the Spree Cottbuss vpon the Spree Cottbuss and part of the Lower Lausnitz belong to the Marqueses of Brandenburg the rest to the kings of Bohemia The ancient inhabitants after Glareanus were the Semnones of Tacitus afterwards part of the Sorabi of the Sclaves Winithi FRANCONIA BOunded vpon the West with the riuer Rhijn vpon the South with the Lower Palatinate and Schwaben vpon the East with the Vpper Palatinate and Voitlandt and vpon the North with Hessen and Duringen It is hedged in on all sides with rough forrests and mountaines parts of the Old Hercynian the most noted whereof are towards Heidelberg and the Lower Palatinate Otten-waldt towards the Vpper Palatinate Steigerwaldt and the woods of Nurnberg and in Duringen and towards Hessen Duringer-waldt and Speysshartz Within it is plaine healthie and pleasant sandie in many places yet every where tolerably fruitfull well stored with corne and perfect wines It affordeth also plenty of Rapes Onions Liquorice Chiefer townes are Bomberg vpon the riuer Regnitz neere vnto the meeting thereof and the Mein a Bishops sea The country hereof yeeldeth great abundance of Liquorice Schweinfurt a towne Imperiall vpon the Mein seated in a most fruitfull soile Kitzing vpon the Mein subject to the house of Brandenburg Wurtzburg a Bishops sea vpon the Mein in a pleasant plain environed with medowes gardens and vinie downes The citty belongeth to the Bishops of Wurtzburg titularie Dukes of Franconia residing in a strong Castle situated without the towne Gemund at the meeting of the rivers Mein and the Sal. It belongeth also to the Bishops of Wurtzburg Francfurt a citty Imperiall vpon the Mein divided into two townes of Francfurt which is the greater part vpon the left shore of the river and of Saxen-hausen standing vpon the right shore both commanded by one magistrate The towne is large rich and populous famous for two great Marts the first held about Mid-lent the later towards the midst of September resorted vnto from all parts Here still the Roman Emperours are chosen Rottenburg a towne Imperiall vpon the riuer Tauber Winsheim a towne Imperiall Coburg appertaining to the Dukes of Saxonie Franconia is diuided amongst sundry Free states the townes of Franckfurt Schweinfurt Rottenburg and Winsheim the Bishops of Wurtzburg and Bamberg the Dukes of Saxonie the Marqueses of Brandenburg and the Earles of Henneberg Werthaim Hohenloe Erpach and Schwartzenburg with others HESSEN BOunded vpon the South with Franconia vpon the West with the Rhijn and part of Westphalen vpon the North with the Dukedome of Brunswijck and vpon the East with Saxony and Duringen The aire here is healthy and the soile fruitfull in corne and pasturages hilly and in many places shaded with thicke woods replenished with Deere and sundry sorts of wilde beasts The sheepe hereof yeeld a fine staple for these forraine parts The hilly parts of Catzen-Elbogen amongst other minerals afford plenty of brasse and lead Chiefer townes are Treefurt Eschewege both situated vpon the Weirra or Weser Allendorf vpon the Weser enriched with Salt-springs Fuld vpon the riuer Fuld occasioned by the great Monastery thus named founded by S. Boniface an Englishman the Apostle of the Dutch nation whose Abbot is prince of the Empire and Chauncelour of the Empresse The Abby-Church of S. Sauiour hath a well furnished library consisting all of Manuscripts The Woodland country hereof is called from hence Stift Fuld and Buchen from the â—enty of Beeches it yeeldeth belonging to the Abbots Melsingen vpon the Fuld Cassel vpon the Fuld the chiefe seat of the Lantgraues Frankenburg vpon the riuer Eder Waldeck a free County vpon the Eder Frislar vpon the Eder The towne belongeth to the Bishops of Mentz Hanaw a free County vpon the riuer Bintz Martpurg the chiefe towne belonging to the Lantgraues seated amongst viny downes and wooddy mountaines vpon the riuer Lon where flourisheth a Vniuersity fonnded in the yeare 1426 by Lewis Bishop of Munster Here the Lantgraues haue a stately and magnificent castle mounted vpon a high hill without the towne enioying a pleasant prospect one of their chiefe places of residence Giessen Dietz vpon the Lon. Nassaw a free County of the Empire vpon the Lon. From the Earles hereof the family of Nassaw in the Low Countries are descended Cub vpon the right shore of the Rhijn a towne belonging to the Paltz-graues The greatest part of the Land of Hessen belongeth to the house of the Lantgraues The rest is subiect to the Abbot of Fuld the Earles of Solms Wiltgestein Nassaw Waldeck Hanaw and Isenbruck The ancient inhabitants were the Catti of Tacitus DVRINGEN BOunded vpon the West with the Land of Hessen and the riuer Weirra vpon the South with Franconia being diuided therefrom by the great forest Duringer-waldt vpon the North with the Higher Saxony and the wood Hartz and vpon the East with the riuer Saltza and Meisseu The country is on euery side environed with mountainous and wooddy forests Within it is plaine and extraordinarily populous and fruitfull for corne Here also groweth woad in very great abundance Chiefer townes are Gota vpon the riuer Lin. Here sometimes stood the strong castle of Grimmenstein in the raigne of the Emperour Maximilian the second the nest and receptacle of certaine seditious persons proscribed by the Emperour besieged and taken in by Augustus Electour of Saxony and in the yeare 1567 raised and pulled downe by the commaunde of the Estates of the Empire assembled in a Diet at Regenspurg Erdfurt vpon the diuided streames of the riuer Gers watring and running through the many streets thereof The cittie is large rich populous and euery way great accompted amongst the chiefest in Germany belonging sometimes to the Bishops of Mentz now gouerned in manner of a free state Here flourisheth an Vniuersity founded in the yeare 1392 and raigne of the Emperour Wenceslaus The rich country hereof yeeldeth great plenty of woad Weimar enioying a fruitfull and pleasant situation vpon the riuer Ilm the chiefe seate of the Dukes of Saxony descended from Iohn-Fredericke deposed from the Electourship by the Emperour Charles the Fift residing here in a stately and magnificent castle Iene in a deepe vally vpon the riuer Saltza and the borders of Meissen a noted Vniuersity founded in the yeare 1555 by Iohn-Fredericke and Iohn-William sonnes to the Electour
Iohn-Fredericke taken prisoner by the Emperour Charles the Fift The country for the most part is subiect to the Dukes of Saxony The first and more ancient inhabitants according to Montanus were the Chasuari of Tacitus afterwardes the Thuringians MEISSEN BOunded vpon the West with the riuer Saltza and Duringen vpon the South with Voytlandt Bohemia vpon the East with Lausnitz vpon the North with the Dukedome of Saxony the Marquisate of BraÌ„denburg The land is hilly full of woods remainders of the old Hercynian wherewith sometimes in a manner the country hath beene wholy ouerspred In regard hereof and of continuall vapours ascending from such wet vndreyned grounds the ayre here in times past hath beene very close and illfavoured darkned for a great part of the yeare with continuall fogges and mists especially in Ioachims-tal and the more mountainous part neighbouring to Bohemia Through long civilitie and better plantation the woods in part cut downe and the bogs let out the ayre since is become more cleere and the country more rich and healthie yeelding plenty of corne and of all manner of fruits Amongst other mettals it affordeth very much siluer in the Mines of Ioachims-tal Freiberg Anneberg Schneberg and other parts of the hills Sudetae Chiefer townes are Mersburg Naumburg Bishops seas both seated vpon the riuer Saltza Hal vpon the riuer Saltza Here great store of salt is made from the salt-springs the occasion of the towne and of that great warre betwixt the Hermunduri and the Catti wherevnto they both then bordered mentioned with some mistake by Tacitus Leipzig at the confluence of the riuers Pleiss Pard and Elster the Parliament and chiefe towne of the country The towne is not very large but wealthie and populous and beautified with faire buildings made all of stone and standing in an equall heigth and iust order a rich Emporie and a noted Vniversitie founded in the yeare 1409. Meissen a Bishops sea the most ancient and first seat of the Marqueses of Meissen occasioning the name of the country and built by the Emperour Henry the first to affront the Sclaues situated vpon the West and left shore of the Elb in a hilly vneuen ground beautified chiefly with three eminent and faire castles or palaces of the Bishops the Burgraues and of the Dukes of Saxonie the Lords of the towne mounted close together vpon a high hill with a faire prospect overlooking the citty Torgaw vpon the Elb. Dresen situated in a fruitfull and pleasant part of the country divided by the riuer Elb into the old and the new townes whereof the old lieth in Lausnitz and ioyned with a faire bridge of 800 paces in length the seat of the Duke Electours of Saxonie residing here in a strong and magnificent castle Here the Dukes haue a rich armory stored with all sorts of munition and warlike provision sufficient to furnish a great army Friberg vnder the Bohemian mountaines rich in siluer mines The country is subject to the Dukes of Saxonie The ancient inhabitants were the Hermunduri of Tacitus afterwards the Sorabi part of the Sclaves Winithi OBER SACHSEN THis only now retaineth the name of Saxonie It is extended along the Elb betwixt Meissen and the Diocese of Meydburg hauing on the other sides the Earledome of Mansfeild the Marquisate of Brandenburg The aire is sharp but healthfull the soile fruitfull The chiefe towne is Wittenberg standing in an open plaine vpon the Elb and strongly fenced with bulwarks rampires walls and wide and deepe ditches the seat sometimes of the Electours of Saxony now a noted Vniversitie chiefly for Lutheran Divines founded in the yeare 1052 by Fredericke the third Duke Electour The country is subject to the Dukes of Saxonie THE EARLEDOME OF MANSFELDT LYing betwixt the rivers Saltza and Wieper and bounded in with the Higher Saxonie Meissen Hessen Duringen and Brunswijck The country is hilly and vneuen especially towards the South-West or towards Duringen and Hessen where riseth the woody forrest of Hartz The soile is chiefly rich in mineralls in the mountainous parts before mentioned Chiefer townes are Mansfeldt vpon the riuer Wieper naming the country Eisleben the country of Luther Querâ—furt Rotenburg Alstad It belongeth to the Earles of Mansfeldt THE COVNTRIE OF BRANDENBVRG BOunded vpon the West with the Dukedomes of Mecklenburg and Lunenburg vpon the South with Meissen Lausnitz and Schlesi vpon the East with the kingdome of Poland and vpon the North with Pomeren The country is large containing in length from East to West 60 Dutch or 240 Italian miles It affordeth plenty of corne as doe generally all those more Northerne parts but otherwise is vast and ill inhabited It is diuided into Altemarck or the Old Marches lying betwixt the riuer Elb and Lunenburg Mittel-marck and Vber-marck betwixt the Elb and the Odera and Neu-marck contained betwixt the Odera and Poland Chiefer towns in Altemarck are Bueck vpon the Elb. Tangermondt at the confluence of the riuers Elb and Anger Steindal Osterburg Sehausen vpon the riuer Veht Bismarck Gardeleben Kalb Soltwedel Betwixt the Odera and the Elb Havelburg a Bishops sea vpon the riuer Havel Ratenaw vpon the same riuer Brandenburg vpon the same riuer a Bishops sea and the first seat of the Marqueses naming the country Spandaw Berlin vpon the river Spree the chiefe seat of the present Marqueses of Brandenburg Francfurt enioying a pleasant situation amongst vinie downes vpon the left shore of the Odera Here flourisheth a noted Vniversitie founded in the yeare 1506 by Ioachim the first Electour and Albert his brother Marqueses of Brandenburg In the new Marches Kustrin vpon the riuers Warte Odera Sunnerbergh vpon the Warte Landsperg vpon the Warte Berwald Konigsbergk Berlinichen Bernstein Arnswald The Lords hereof are the Electours and Marqueses of the house of Brandenburg wherevnto besides this country and other straggling possessions appertaine the Dukedome of Crossen in Schlesi the Dukedome of Prussen with the towne of Cottbuss and part of Lausnitz and with the Dukes of Nuburg the right of the Earledome of Marck Bergen Cleve and Gulick Princes of very ample and large possessions The more ancient inhabitants were the Varini and Nuithones of Tacitus parts of the Suevi as afterwards the Helveldi Leubuzi Wilini Stoderani and Brizani parts of the Sclaves Winithi POMEREN EXtended for the space of 200 English miles along the coast of the sea Balticke lying vpon the North thereof from the riuer Bartze and the Dukedome of Mecklenburg vpon the West vnto the riuer Weissel and the Land of Prussen vpon the East confining vpon the South with the Marquisate of Brandenburg It is divided into the Vpper Pomeren bordering vpon Mecklenburg and contained betwixt the Bartze and the Odera and the Lower Pomeren lying betwixt the Odera and the Weissel and adioining vpon Prussen The aire is sharpe and piercing the country plaine populous and abundantly fruitfull
of was S. Willehade an Englishman the Apostle of those more Northerne parts of Saxonie The country is subiect to the Lay Bishops or Administratours of Bremen The more ancient inhabitants were the Chauci Maiores of Ptolemie afterwards part of the Saxons Ostphalians THE COVNTRY OF LVNENBVRG LYing betwixt the riuers Elb and Alre and bounded vpon the West with the Diocese of Bremen vpon the North with the Elb and the Dukedome of Lawenburg vpon the East with the Olde Marches of Brandenbrg and vpon the South with the Dukedome of Brunswijck The country is plaine the aire sharpe and healthfull and the soile fruitfull the part adjoyning to the Old Marches of Brandenburg excepted The chiefe towne is Lunenburg standing in a square forme vpon the riuer Elmenow one of the six prime Hanse-townes large populous and adorned with faire buildings containing six Parishes a mile and a halfe in length and about a mile in breadth whose chiefest truck and commoditie is falt made here in great abundance from the Salt-springs bought vp by the Hamburgers and Lubecers and from thence transported abroad The country belongeth to the Dukes of Lunenburg being of the same house with Brunswijck desended from Henry surnamed the Lion and the more ancient Dukes of Saxonie The more ancient inhabitants were parts of the Cherusci and Chauci of Tacitus THE COVNTRY OF BRVNSWIICK COntained betwixt the riuers Alre and the Weser It hath the Dukedome of Lunenburg vpon the North vpon the East the Diocese of Meydburg and the Earledome of Mansfeldt vpon the South Duringen and Hessen and vpon the West and Weser and Westphalen The South and East parts towards Hessen Duringen and Mansfeldt swell with woodie Mountaines and hills parts of the ancient Hercynian called now Hundsrucke Hartzwald Hainsette and by other names The Northern and more proper Brunswijck is more plaine exceedingly fruitfull for corne and all other commodities which the colder clime is well capable of Chiefer townes are Grubenhagen From hence the Dukes of Brunswijck of Grubenhagen were stiled Goslar a towne Imperiall vpon the riuer Gose. Halberstat Hildesheim Bishops seas Quedelburg occasioned by the rich Nunnery thus called whose Abbatesse was sometimes Princesse of the Empire The towne now is subiect to the house of Saxonie Brunswijck vpon the river Onacter the chiefe of the country and one of the six chiefe Hanse-townes The towne is large containing about seauen miles in compasse faire populous and strongly fortified encompassed with a double wall peopled with industrious and stout inhabitants iealous of their liberty and gouerned in manner of a free estate held vnder the right of the Princes The greatest part of the country is subiect to the Dukes of Brunswijck The more ancient inhabitants were the Dulgibini of Tacitus with part of the Chauci Maiores of Ptolemie afterwards part of the Saxons Ostphalians THE DIOCESE OF MEYDENBVRG EXtended vpon both sides of the riuer Elb betwixt the Marquisate of Brādenburg and the proper Saxonie The chiefe towne is Meydenburg an Archbishops sea and naming the country seated vpon the left shore of the Elb built or rather reedified by Edith wife vnto the Emperour Henry the first and daughter to Edmund King of England and named thus in honour of her sexe The Towne is of great State large faire and strongly fortified famous in the Protestants warres for a whole yeares siege which it sustained against the Emperour Charles the Fift amongst the Protestant states remaining onely vnconquerable the rest being subdued to the will of that mighty Prince The country is subject to the Lay Bishops or Administratours of Meydenburg of the house now of Brandenburg The more ancient inhabitants were the Lacobardi of Tacitus part afterwards of the Saxons Ostphalians The countries hitherto from Mecklenburg are accompted the parts of the Lower Saxony and containe the ninth circle of the Empire FREISLANDT THe name is at this day enlarged along the shore of the Germane Ocean from the Zuyder Zee parting the same from Hollandt vnto the riuer Weser It containeth the West and the East-Freislandts OOST-FREISLANDT COntinued betwixt the riuer Eems and the Weser and bounded vpon the other sides with the Ocean and the land of West-phalen The country is plaine and exceedingly populous the soile fat rich in corne and pasturages Chiefer townes are Aurich a rich and pleasant inland towne much frequented by the Frison nobility in regard of the commodity of hunting in the adioyning woods and forrests Embden vpon the Dollaert or the mouth of the Eems a noted port and Empory the chiefe towne and the seat of the prince residing here in a magnificent and strong castle seated at the entrance of the hauen environed with sea-waters Here not long since was the staple for Germany of the English Merchant-adventurers removed since to Stadt and Hamburg The country belongeth to the Earles of Oost-Freistandt The ancient inhabitants were the Chauci Minores of Ptolemy of later times through the neighbourhood of that nation lying vpon the farther side of the Eems falsely named Frisons WEST-FREISLANDT THis belongeth to the description of the Netherlandts accompted now amongst the 17 provinces thereof WESTPHALEN COntaining the parts of the ancient Saxony which were included betwixt the riuers Weser and Rhijn the two Freislandts Over-ysel and the parts hereof in Hollandt and Gelderlandt excepted It is bounded vpon the North with Oost-Freislandt and the Diocese of Bremen vpon the East with the Weser and the Dukedome of Brunswijck vpon the South with the Land of Hessen and vpon the West with the Rhijn from the Diocese of Colen and with Clevelandt Over-ysel and West-Freislandt The aire is sharpe and colde The soile generally is fruitfull rather in pasturages and in commodities seruing for the fatting of beasts then for the nourishment of man apples nuts akomes and sundry sorts of wilde fruits wherewith amongst other kindes infinite heards of Swine are fed whose bacon is much commended and desired in forraine parts The most firtill parts for corne are about the Lippe Paderborn and Soest The most desert and barren those adioining to the Weser Surlandt and the Dukedome of Bergen are hilly and full of woods The Diocese of Munster yeeldeth the best pasturages Chiefer townes are Duseldorp vpon the right shore of the Rhijn in the Dukedome of Bergen In the country of Marck Vnna Dortmund and Soest Paderborn a Bishops sea Munster a Bishops sea seated in a plaine vpon the riuer Eems The towne hath beene made very strong since the surprisall thereof by the Anabaptists It belongeth to the Bishops thus stiled Mynden a Bishops sea vpon the Weser Osenburg a Bishops sea Of these the Dukedome of Bergen and the Earledome of Marck appertaine to the Marques of Brandenburg and the Duke of Nuburg the heires generall of the house of Cleue Engern and Surland belong vnto the Bishops of Colen who are titulary Dukes of Westphalen The rest is divided amongst
auncient passage here over the middle chanell of the Rhijn wherevpon it was situated It was sometimes the royall seat of Radbod king of the Frisons afterwards made a Bishops sea begun first by S. Willibrord an Englishman the Apostle of the Frisons in the regencie of Pepin the Fat Maiour of the Palace in France The Bishops hereof vntill of late yeares were Lords both spirituall and temporall of this Country and Over-ysel The ancient inhabitants were parts of the Batavi and Frisij Minores lying in both Provinces of Gaule and Germany divided asunder by the middle Chanell of the Rhijn GELDERLANDT BOunded vpon the West with Hollandt and the district of Vtreicht vpon the South with the Maes Brabant and the Land of Gulick vpon the East with Clevelandt and the Earledome of Zutphen and vpon the North with the Zuyder Zee and Over-ysel The parts betwixt the Middle Chanell of the Rhijn and the Maes especially Betuwe included betwixt the middle Rhijn and the Wael are extraordinarily fruitfull yeelding plentie of corne and pasturage Veluwe or the part contained within the Rhijn the Ysel and the Zuyder-Zee is more leane sandie and worse inhabited yet affording a more pure aire and much more pleasant dwelling full of downes woods forrests replenished with game Chiefer townes here are Bommel a strong frontire place vpon the left shore of the Wael Not farre from hence the Wael and Maes come so neere together that communicating their waters they almost ioyne streames Afterwards againe dividing they meet not vntill the Castle of Lovestain neere Worcum where the Wael looseth its name in the Maes The flat country extended betwixt these two meetings is named from hence Bommeler-Weert or the Iland of Bommel Betwixt the Wael and the Maes where the riuers first meet standeth the strong fort of S. Andrew raised by the Arch-duke Albert to command the navigations of the Maes and Wael in the yeare 1600 tooke in by Maurice Count of Nassau held now by the garrisons of the vnited Provinces Tiel further vp the Wael Nimminghen mounted vpon a steepe hill vpon the left shore of the Wael the chiefe towne of the parts on this side the Rhijn In Betuwe opposite herevnto vpon the further shore of the Wael is the strong fort of Knodsenburg Venlo vpon the Maes Ruremonde at the meetings of the Maes and the Roer Gelre giving the name to the Province Arnheim Arenacum of Tacitus the wint'ring campe of the 10 Roman Legion It is now the chiefe towne of Gelderland situated vpon the right shore of the Rhijn About a mile further vp the river the Ysel divideth it selfe from this greater streame called by Tacitus Fossa Drusiana by Suetonius Fossae Drusinae and by Ptolemie the third branch of the Rhijn drawne forth to empty the fuller chanell hereof by Drusus Germanicus Leiftenant here for the Emperour Augustus and through the maine land of Germany continued vnto the bay or creeke of the Ocean named Flevus by Plinie now the Zuyder Zee Wageningen vpon the Rhijn Vada of Tacitus Harderwijck vpon the Zuyder Zee The ancient inhabitants were parts of the Batavi whereof the part called Betuwe retaineth yet the name and of the Menapij Beyond the middle branch of the Rhijn where is Amheim and Veluwe inhabited the Sicambri part afterwards of the victorious Frenchmen THE EARLEDOME OF ZVTPHEN THis is accompted part of Gelderlandt hauing continued for a long time vnder the same Princes It lyeth beyond the Ysel hauing vpon the West Veluwe and bounded vpon the other sides with the land of Cleue Westphalen and Overysel Townes here are Zutphen the chiefe towne seated vpon the right shore of the Ysel named thus from its low and moorish situation Dotechem vpon the Ysel which is a riuer arising in Westphalen and at Doesborch received into the Fosse of Drusus or the more Easterne branch of the Rhijn imparting its name of Ysel thereunto Isaacius Pontanus would haue this to haue beene the riuer Sala of Strabo in his 7. booke occasioning afterwards the name of the Salij of Ammianus Marcellinus part of the Frenchmen Doesborch at the confluence of the Old Ysel and the New Lochem Grol There are contained here and in Gelderlandt 22 walled townes and about 300 villages OVER-YSEL NAmed thus from its situation beyond the riuer Ysel It is bounded vpon the South with the river Ysel and Gelderlandt vpon the East with Westphalen vpon the West with the Zuyder Zee and vpon the North with West-Freislandt distinguished into three parts or divisions Iselant or Zallandt lying next to the Ysel Drent beyond the river Vecht and Twent confining vpon Westphalen The country is plaine flat and moorish the soile is fruitfull in corne and pasturage Townes here of better note are Deventer a Hanse towne and the chiefe hereof situated vpon the right shore of the Ysel Campen amongst inaccessible marishes vpon the left shore and fall of the Ysel into the Zuyder Zee Swol Steenwijck vpon the river Blockzyel neere vnto the Zuyder Zee at the passage or entrance into West-Freisland Coeverden In the whole are accompted 11 walled townes and 101 villages The ancient inhabitants seeme to haue been part of the Bructeri of Tacitus Pontanus placeth here the Salij of Ammianus Marcellinus part of the Franci of the same authour conjectured from the name here of Zallandt WEST-FREISLANDT COntinued along the Germane Ocean betwixt the Zuyder Zee and the riuer of Eems It hath vpon the South Over-ysel and the Zuyder Zee vpon the North-west the Germane Ocean vpon the East Westphalen and vpon the North-East the Eems and Oost-Freislandt The aire like vnto Hollandt is moist and foggy the land low flat fennie and moorish abounding in grasse and pasturage milke butter cheese kine and horses of large stature but vnapt for corne brought hither for the most part by sea from Dantzijck and the Easterne countries It generally wanteth wood as in like manner doth Hollandt vnlesse in the part called Seven-wolden in regard whereof they vse turfe and in some places the dryed dung of beasts It containeth two distinct provinces Ommelanden or the territorie of Groningen and West-Freislandt more properly thus named THE PROPER WEST-FREISLANDT LYing betwixt the Zuyder-Zee and Groninger-landt and divided into the parts of Ooster-goe Wester-goe and Zeven-wolden called thus from their qualitie or situation WESTER-GOE COntaining the sea-coast towardes the West and Hollandt Chiefer townes are Harlingen a populous and well traded port vpon the Ocean defended with a strong Castle Vpon the same sea-coast Hindeloppen Staveren a Hanse towne thwart of Enchusen The towne is old and decayed commended onely for a strong castle commaunding the haven begunne in the yeare 1522 by George Schenck gouernour of West-Freislandt Within the land Sloten Ylst. Sneck in a low and watrish situation The towne for largenesse neatenesse of building and for streight and well contrived streets chalengeth the next place to Leewarden amongst the townes of
Scardonici Ardium of Strabo dividing Dalmatia in the midst along the Sea coast or length hereof now the hilly or mountainous tracts of Dalmatia and Albania Of Ilands belonging vnto and thwarting Liburnia he nameth Absorus Absirtium of Plinie now Osseros whose townes were Absorus and Crepsa now Cherso Curicta Curictae of Plinie now Vegia or Viglio whose citties were Pfulfinium and Curicum These Dominicus Niger putteth to be the Absyrtides of Strabo and Plinie named thus from Absyrtus brother to Medaea slaine here by his sister pursuing her in her voyage towards Greece accompanying Iason Strabo notwithstanding seemeth to extend further the accompt of these Ilands Scardona Arba of Plinie now Arba whose citties were Collentum and Arba yet retaining the appellation and naming the Iland Along the coast of Dalmatia Issa a towne and Iland Issa of Strabo and Issa of Plinie inhabited by Roman cittizens now Pago Tragurium a towne and Iland Tragurium founded by the Issenses after Strabo Tragurium of Plinie and Tagurium of Mela now Trau Pharia a towne and Iland Pharus or Parus a colonie of the Parij and the country of Demetrius Pharius after Strabo Pharos Paros Pharia of Pliny now Lexina Corcuria or Melana Melaena or Corcyra with a city founded by the Cnidians after Strabo Corcyra surnamed Melaena with a towne of the Gnidians after Plinie now Curzola Meligina Plinie addeth to those of Ptolemie the forts or townes of Turiona now Tnina at the mouth of the river Variecha Mandretium Mandretium of Strabo Tribulium Ratanaeum The riuer Pausinus The promontories of Diomedes or Hyllis now Cabo di Cista And Nymphaum The Ilands Crexa Gissa Portunata Cissa Pullariae Elephates Lissa thwart of Iader Cretaeae Celadussae Brattia now Braza Melita breeding excellent doggs now Meleda The people Lacinienses Stulpini Burnistae Albonenses Alutae Flanates naming the bay Flanaticus now the Gulfe of Cornero Lopsi Varubarini Assetiates Fulsinates Decuni Issaei Colentini Separi Epetini Daorizi Desitiates Deretini Deremistae Glinditiones Clintidiones of Appian Melcomani Oenei Partheni Partheni of Mela and Appian Hemasini Arthitae Armistae Labeatae Enderudini Sassaei Grabaei Traulantij Taulantij of Appian Strabo addeth the citty Liburna Appian Promona Terponium now Terpono and Metulium The whole length of Illyricum betwixt the rivers Arsia and Drinius Plinie accompteth at 800 Italian miles The greatest breadth at 325 of the same miles Along this coast he reckneth aboue a thousand Ilands The sea Adriaticke named thus after Plinie from Atria a citty in Italy of this name Strabo and Plinie call otherwise Mare Superum or the Higher sea in regard of the higher situation thereof and remotenesse from the maine Ocean Strabo continueth this name from Histria vnto the mountaines Ceraunij in Macedonie Dominicus Niger in his sixt Commentary reckneth the length hereof at 600 Italian miles the greatest breadth at 200 miles where it is more narrow at 150 miles at the beginning or mouth hereof betwixt the mountaines Ceraunij and Italie where it is the straightest at 60 of the same miles Parts hereof were the bayes Trigestinus Flanaticus and Rhizoniscus of Ptolemie named thus from the people Flanates and the townes Trigeste in Histria and Rhizana or Rhizinium now Gulfo di Trieste di Cornero and di Catharo The Romanes were the first knowne forrainers who invaded and subdued this country In the yeare of Rome 524 hapned their first warre with Queene Teuta occasioned through her pride and cruelty killing one of their Embassadours sent vnto her and a pretence of the pyracies of the nation and of their iniuries done vnto the neighbouring Graecians managed by the Consuls Cn Fulvius Flaccus Centimalus and A. Postumius the successe whereof was the ouerthrow subjection of the Queene amercyed with a yearely tribute and the losse of the greatest part of her kingdome and the setting vp of Demetrius Pharius their confederate in the warre At this time we finde the name and kingdome of the Illyricans to haue extended Southwards towards Greece vnto the towne of Lissus vpon the sea Adriaticke agreeing with the description of Ptolemie before related In the yeare 534 immediately before the second Carthaginian warre fell out their next warre with Demetrius Pharius whom not long before they had made king rebelling against and wasting and invading the parts hereof subject vnto them since the first warre thinking himselfe secure in regard of their new broyles and troubles from Hannibal and the Carthaginians the cities Damalus and Pharus taken driuen out by the Consul L. Paulus Aemilius into Macedony and the whole nation againe subdued Some 52 yeares afterwards and yeare of Rome 586 chanced their third warre against king Gentius confederate with and aiding Perseus king of the Macedonians overcome and taken prisoner by the Praetor Lucius Anicius After this the authority and name of kings being abrogated the nation was immediatlie made subject to the Romane Empire rebelling notwithstanding sundrie times afterwardes and not fully brought vnder subjection vntill the raigne of Caesar Augustus By this prince and by his captaines Asinius Pollio and Tiberius Nero with others they were at length finally conquered and first reduced into the order of a province gouerned by Roman Magistrates lawes Greece and the more Easterne provinces of Europe taking afterwards the common name of Illyricum these contained the Province or part hereof named Dalmatia in the Authour of the Notitia part of West Illyricum and of the Westerne Empire commaunded by a President vnder the Praetorio-praefectus of Italie The Westerne Empire torne in pieces by the Barbarous nations in the raigne of Zenon Emperour of the East they fell to the share of Odoacer and the Heruli Lords of Italie together with Sicily and Rhaetia part of their Italian conquests These subdued by Theodoricus and the Ostrogothes in the same raigne they became subject vnto that prince and people The Gothes being conquered by the Emperour Iustinian the first they were againe vnited to the Romane Empire accompted amongst the Easterne or Greekish provinces Not long after this revnion in the raignes of Iustinian the first and Mauritius brake in hither the Sclaves by whom the country was againe torne off from the Greekish Empire with Histria part of Italie and Savia part of Pannonia peopled with their barbarous colonies and language and since knowne from hence by the generall name of Sclavonia commaunded for a long time after by kings of this nation free from forraine commaund The precise time when these first setled here their abode ancient authours doe not determine Blondus conjectureth this to haue hapned in the raigne of the Emperour Phocas Their first Christian king was Sueropilus about the time of the Emp. Charles the Bald. The widow of Zelomirus the last king of the Illyrican Sclaves or of Croatia and Dalmatia for thus then the princes were stiled vnto whom her deceased husband having no heires had bequeathed the kingdome deceasing also without issue gaue
riuer Bosna after others from the Bessi a people of the Lower Maesia explused thence by the Bulgarians and flitting hither The most part place this in the Higher Maesia By Ptolemy in his before mentioned description it is plainely excluded thence lying in Illyricum since contained within his line drawne from the borders of Macedony vnto the meetings of the rivers Saw and Danow It was anciently a part of Croatia erected afterwards but when wee finde not into a petty kingdome held by the princes thereof vnder the cheifage and tribute of the kings of Hungary It hath now vpon the West Croatia vpon the North the Saw with the part of the Lower Hungary contained betwixt that river and the Dra vpon the East Servia and vpon the South Dalmatia Chiefer townes are Iaitza seated vpon a high hill encompassed at the bottome with two rivers Schwonica Warbosaine The country seemeth to containe the more inland parts of Dalmatia of Plinie and Ptolemie The last Christian prince hereof was Stephen in the yeare 1464 his kingdome taken in and subdued surprised and afterwards inhumanely murthered by Mahomet the second the first Emperour of the Turkes by whom the country was made a Turkish province commanded ever since by a Bassa CONTADO DI ZARA THus named from Zara the chiefe towne This otherwise after Dominicus Niger retaineth yet the proper name of Sclavonia It containeth the part of Liburnia of Ptolemie and Plinie extended along the sea coast The bounds hereof are the mountaine Ardium of Strabo from Krabbaten the river Arsa from Histria the sea Adriaticke and the riuer Titius now Variecha from the more proper Dalmatia The townes of chiefer note are along the Sea coast Albona Alvona of Ptolemie and Plinie next to Histria and the riuer Arsa. Fianona Flavona of Ptolemy and Pliny against the Gulfe Phlanaticus now Quernero Zegna Senia of Ptolemie Plinie and Antoninus seated in a plaine Nona Aenona of Ptolemie and Plinie encompassed with the sea Zara Iadera of Mela Iader of Ptolemie Plinie and Antoninus a Romane colonie now an Archbishops sea and the chiefe towne belonging to the Venetians enioying a large and safe port and seated in a low Chersonese or necke of land vpon the Adriaticke strongly fenced against hostile iniuries Beyond this towne the riuer Titius now Variecha falleth into the Adriaticke issuing out of wooddy mountaines vpon the North hereof DALMATIA REtaining yet the ancient name and continued South-east along the same shore of the sea Adriaticke from the riuer Variecha or Titius by the which it is diuided from Contado di Zara vnto the riuer Rhata beyond the Gulfe of Catharo parting it from Albania bounded otherwise towards the North with the country of Bosna The chiefe townes along the sea-coast are Sibenico Sicum of Plinie and Ptolemie vpon the riuer Variecha Trahu or Trau Tragurium of Strabo Ptolemie and Plinie and Tagurium of Mela founded by the inhabitants of Issa seated in a small Iland close by the continent Spalato an Archbishops sea Nere herevnto betwixt this and Trahu where now is the fort or castle named Clissa vpon the riuer Solinschiza stood sometimes the citty Salona of Strabo Pliny and Mela and Salonae of Ptolemy and Antoninus a famous colonie and juridicall resort of the Romanes Some old fragments hereof yet appeare vpon the Westerne banke of the riuer called still by the name of Salona Almissa Piguntium of Ptolemy and Piguntiae of Plinie vpon the riuer Zetino defended with a strong castle mounted vpon a rocke Stagno vpon the necke of a spacious and long Chersonese or promontory ioyned here vnto the continent with a narrow strait of land Against this the riuer Narenta Naron of Strabo and Narson of Ptolemy is disburdened into the Adriaticke Ragusi founded out of the ruines of the famous citty Epidaurus of Ptolemy and Epidaurum of Plinie a Romane colonie destroyed by the Gothes now a free Common-wealth and a rich and a flourishing Emporie strong in shipping and with wals and a well fortified castle tributarie to the Turkes Castel-novo within the gulfe of Catharo a strong towne now held by the Turkes Catharo naming the gulfe of Catharo seated on the farther side of the bay towards Scutari Ascruvium of Ptolemie Ascrivium of Plinie inhabited by Romane Citizens now a strong towne of warre opposed against and environed with the Turkes held by the Venetians Rhizine at the bottome of the Bay the towne of the Rhizaei of Strabo Rhizana of Ptolemy and Rhizinium of Plinie naming the Bay Rhizoniscus of Ptolemy now Golfo di Catharo ALBANIA NAmed thus from the Epirots or Albanesies neighbouring and intruding herevpon The name extendeth much farther within the continent of Greece My purpose is to describe onely the part lying within the bounds of the ancient Dalmatia or Illyricum This reacheth along the sea-coast from the riuer Rhata diuiding it from the proper Dalmatia vnto Alesio Places here of better note are vpon the sea-coast Budoa Bulua of Ptolemie and Butua of Plinie Antivari Dolcigno Vlcinium of Ptolemie and Olchinium and Colchinium of Plinie founded by the Colchans Alesio Lissus of Strabo and Ptolemy and Lissum of Plinie the farthest place of the ancient Dalmatia towards Greece memorable for the death and graue of Scanderbeg the victorious king of the Epirots Within the land Scutari Scodra of Ptolemy and Antoninus and Scordra of Plinie strongly seated vpon a steepe rocke at what place the riuer Boliana issueth forth of the lake named from hence the Lake of Scutari the chiefe towne of the country famous for a braue and resolute siege maintained against Mahomet the second Emperour of the Turkes The Lake Scutari is named Labeates by Strabo It containeth 130 miles in compasse surrounded on all sides with mountaines saving towards the North and distant 18 miles from the sea The rockie and mountainous region betwixt it and the Adriaticke Dom Niger nameth Criana or Craina Drivesto Enderum of Ptolemy Medon Nere herevnto vpon the river now called Moraza falling into the Lake of Scutari stood sometimes the citty Doclea of Ptolemy and Dioclea of Sextus Aurelius Victor the country of the mighty Emperour Dioclesian This part of Albania not long since obeyed the Venetians It is now subject to the Turkish Empire The whole extent or length of the generall accompt or name of Dalmatia from Histria and the riuer Arsa vnto Alesio in Albania along the course of the Adriaticke Matalius accompteth at 480 Italian miles the breadth from the Adriaticke vnto the mountaines of Croatia at 120 of the same miles THE ILANDS OF DALMATIA CLose along the shoare hereof lie a great multitude of Ilands Plinie hyperbolically encreaseth their number to a thousand whereof many notwithstanding for their smalnesse may rather be accompted rockes then Ilands The rest for the greatest part are asperous stony barren bad husbanded and ill inhabited They
containe togither after Matalius some 40000 inhabitants Their chiefest and best knowne are Cherso Ossero Vegia Arbe Pago Lezina Curzola Lagusta and Melida CHERSO AND OSSERO STanding in the Gulfe or Bay Carnero called thus from their townes Cherso and Ossero They were sometimes both one Iland named Absorus by Ptolemy and Absirtium by Plinie cut through and divided into two by their Lords the Venetians and ioyned since by a bridge Both of them containe togither about 140 Italian miles in compasse and not aboue 5000 inhabitants VEGIA NAmed Caricta by Ptolemie and Carictae by Plinie It lyeth betwixt the Iland Cherso and the towne of Zegna in the firme land containing some 80 or after others 100 miles in circuit and 10000 inhabitants much more populous then the former It hath a towne of the same name with a convenient harbour ARBE NAmed Scardona by Ptolemy by Plinie Arba from a towne thus called yet retaining the name The land is pleasant but without harbour having 30 miles in compasse and some 3000 inhabitants PAGO LYing against Nona in the continent and name Issa by Strabo Ptolemy and Pliny It hath a towne of this name and containeth 100 miles in compasse The Salt-workes here yeeld great profit to the inhabitants and the common-wealth of Venice LEZINA NAmed Parus and Pharus by Strabo by Ptolemie Pharia by Plinie Pharia Paros and Pharos It is biggest of the Ilands hauing a towne of the same name with a good and spacious harbour CVRZOLA CAlled thus from the towne of this name Strabo nameth this Iland Corcyra or Melaena Ptolemy Corcura or Melana more rightly Pliny Corcyra surnamed Melaena or the Black It containeth 90 miles in circuit distant about a mile from the Continent MELIDA LYing betwixt the towne of Raguzi and Curzola and named Melita by Pliny With the Ilands Lagusta and Dandrem it is subiect to the Common-wealth of Raguzi FINIS a Europa autem neque an fit mari circumflua neque vnde hoc nomen acceperit neque quis nominis author ab aliquo mortalium coÌ„pertum est nisi dicat aliquis ab Europa Tyria nomen accepisse regioneÌ„ neque ante à sicut caeteras nomen habuisse Tamen illam ex Asia fuisse constat neque in hanc comme asse terram quae à Graecis vocatur Europa sed è Phoenice tantum in Cretam è Creta in Africam Heâ—odoti Melpomene b Ideo quae in Europâ sunt prius Collocavimus eamque nos à Libya Herculeo devisimus freto ab Asia verò pelago interjacenti ac palude Moeoti flumineque Tanai ac eo Meridiano qui ad terram pretonditur incognitam C. Ptolemei Geog. lib. 2. c. 1. vid. etiam Srab Georg. lib. 2. C. Ptolem. Geog. l. 2. c. 1. a Aristides b Solini Polyhist c. 25. c Gerard Mercat in Britannia Ptol. Geog. lib. 8. c. 3. a Poet. Germ. Citat á Camdeno de Anglo Saxonibus v. etiam Comment loachimi Vadiani in Pompon Melae lib. 3. de Hispan Septent Iâ—â—sulis b v. Caesaris Com. Bell. Gal. lib. 6. c v. Trithemium de Ecclesiasticis Scriptoribus Annal. Gallicos c. d v. Caes. Com. Bell. Gall. lib. 6. Taciti Iulij Agricolae vitaÌ„ e v. Annal. Eccl. Baronij Anno Christi 35. f Malmesbur de antiq Glaftoniae g Nicephori Callisti Eccles. Histor. lib. 2 c. 4. h Dorothei Synops de vità morte prophetarum i Menologium Graecorum 10 die Maij. k Martyrologium Romanum 28 Octob. l Martyrologium Bedae S. Calend Novemb. m Dorothei Synopsis de vita morte prophetarum n Bedae Eccles. Histor. Anglorum lib. 1. c. 4. o ib. lib. 1 c. 6. 7. p v. Geldae Epistolam de excidio conquestu Brittanniae m v. Annales Eccl. Coes. Baronij Anno Christi 183. n quaedam civitates Cogiduno regi donatae vetere iam pridem recepta populi Romani consuetudine vt haberet instrumenta servitutis reges Corn. Tacit vita Iulij Agricolae o Britanorum inaccessa Romanis loca Christo sunt subdita Tertullian adversus Iudaeos cap. 7. vide etiam Theodoret ad Graecos Infideles Serm. 9 Nicephori Callisti Histor. Eccl. lib. 3. c. 1. p Bedae Ec. His Anglorum lib. 1. c. 8. q ibidem r ibidem lib. 1. c. 10. 17. 21. s v. Balaei Cent. 1. nu 55 c. Bedae eccl Histor. Anglorum lib. 2. 2. v. infrà t v. Corn. Tacitum de moâ—ibus Germâ—â—orum v Malmesbur de Gestis Anglorum lib. 1. c. 1. c. a Sicut è â—ntrá Britones qui nolebant Anâ—lis eam quam habebant fidei Christianae notitiam pandere c. Bedae Eccl. Histor. lib. 5. c. 23. v. etiam eâ—usdem Ec. Hist. lib 2. c. 2. 20. et lib. 5. cap 24. b Ibidem lib. â— c. â—3 c. et lib. 2. c. 1. 5. et 6. c Fâ—or Histor. per Matth â—um Westmon d Bedae Eccl. Histor. Anglorum l. 2. c. 3. et 5. et l. 3. c. 22. e Ibidem l. 2. c. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. et 14. c. v. etiam Eiusdem l. 3. c. 1 et 3. f Ibidem lib. 2 c. 15. et l. 3. c. 18. g Ibidem lib. 3. c. 7. h Ibidem lib. 3 c. 21. 23. et 24. et lib. 4. c. 3. i Cedda Adda Beâ—ti et Diuma permittente Rege Penda Bedae Eccles. Histor. Aug. l. 3. c. 21. et Cellach Trumhere â—aromano et Ceadda sub Pâ—ada et Wulfhere ib. l. 3. c. 24. k Habuit autem Ceadda sedem Episcopalem in loco qui vocatur Liccid feld in quo et defunctus est et sepultus vbi vsque hodiè se quentium quoque provinciae illius Episcaporâ— sedes est ib. l. 4. c. 3. l Ib l. 4 â— 13. m Ib. l. 4 c. 16. n Ib. l. 3. c. 26. v etiam Eiusdem l. 3. c. 5 et 28. o Bedae Eccl. Histor. Anglorum l. 5. c. â—1 etâ—2 Alberti Krantzij Metrop l. 1. c. 6. 7. et 8 Magdeburg Cent. 8. c 2 Baron Annal. Eccles. Anno Christi 697. et 710. q Pectheimus Bedae Ec. Hist. lib. 5. c. 24. r quod vt facilius maiore authoritate perficeret Naitanus rex Pictorum quaesivit auxilia de gente Anglorum quos iamdudum ad exempium sanctae Romanae Apostolicae Ecclesiae suam religionem instituisse cognovit Bedae Eccles. Histor. Angloâ—um l. 5. c. 22. s Flores Hist. per Mat. West Monaster An. 727. 794. t vid. infra v v. Bedae Eccl. Hist. l. 2. c. 2. x Ibid. l. 2. c. 2. l. 5. c. 24. y Ibid. l. 3. c. 29. a Concili Râ— Palestin Pontic Gallâ—â— Osroen et Ephesin habit circa An D 198 Victore Pontifice Rom. Severo Imperat. et Concil Nicen â— sub Imperat. Constantino magno v. Binij Concil Tom 1 et Eusebij Ec Histor l 5 c 22 b v Hoveden Partem priorom in
seated vpon the river Martha remarkable for the fate and disaster of Charles surnamed the Fighter the last Duke of Burgundie of the house or name of Valois ouerthrowne and slaine here in a memorable battaile by the ioinct armes of Reâ—ner Duke of Lorraine and of the Switzers S. Nicolas vpon the same riuer founded and occasioned through the superstitious worship of some pretended reliques of S. Nicolas sometimes bishop of Mira in Lycia in the lesser Asia preserued here and thronged vnto from all parts with great deuotion Toal Tullum of Ptolomie and Ciuitas Leucorum and Tullo of Antoninus a Bishops sea and a towne imperiall seated vpon the riuer Moselle The country lying about this towne and Nancy were the Leuci of Strabo Ptolomie and Antoninus the Leuci Liberi of Pliny Metz Diuodurum of Ptolomie and Tacitus and Diuodurum Metis and Ciuitas Mediomatricum of Antoninus the royall seate sometimes of the French kings of Austrasia now a citty Imperiall a Bishops sea rising in a spacious and pleasant plaine at the confluence of the riuers Mosselle and Sora. The auncient inhabitants of the neighbouring country were the Mediomatrices of Strabo and Ptolemie the Mediomatrici of Plinie and Tacitus Verdun Civitas Veredonensium of Antoninus a towne Imperiall and a Bishops sea seated vpon the river Meuse These three last townes haue of late yeares beene surprised by Henry the second and the Frenchmen detained now by this meanes and lopped off from the Dutch Empire and held vnder the French subjection The rest of the country is in a maner wholy subject to the Dukes of Lorraine The language of the inhabitants is the French These three countries although held of the Empire yet at this day come not to the Diets neither obey the Edicts and authority hereof governed by their priâ—ces in nature of soveraigne and absolute states and in regard of their language by the most accompted French THE DIOCESE OF TRIER EXtended along the course of the Moselle from the confines of Lorraine vnto the great river of the Rhijn bounded vpon the other sides with Lutzenburg and Westreich The country is rather pleasant then fruitfull hilly and full of woods rich chiefly in minerals especially of Iron and lead The more fruitfull parts are about the towne of Trier and neere vnto the Rhijn The more wilde and barren lie towardes Lorraine and Lutzenburg The aire for those transmarine parts is very close and rainie moistned by continuall fogs and vapours ascending from the shady wet and vndreyned woodlands and hils hereof Chiefer townes here are Sarbrucken Pons Sarvix of Antoninus a towne Imperiall seated vpon the river Sar neere vnto the meetings thereof with the Moselle and the border of Lorraine Trier Colonia Treuerorum of Tacitus Augusta of Mela Augusta Treuerorum of Ptolemie Augusta Libera of Pliny Treueris of Saluianus Ciuitas Treuerorum of Antoninus the Metropolis then of the first Belgica and residence of the Vicar Generall of Gaule seated vpon the Moselle It is now an Archbishops sea and the chiefe towne of the country subiect to the Bishops Veldentz Trâ—rbach Ceel Beilstein all standing vpon the same river of Moselle Cobolentz Legio Prima Traiana of Ptolemie Confluentes of Antoninus seated at the meeting of the river Rhijn and the Moselle The towne is populous and fairely built belonging to the Electours of Triers The country about it is very pleasant and fertill Vpon the other side of the Rhijn standeth mounted vpon the top of an high hill the strong Castle of Ernbretstein subject to the Bishops and commanding the towne and riuer Boppart Baudobrica of Antoninus and Bodobrica of the Notitia after Birâ—ius one of the 50 Castles erected by Drusus vpon the Rhijn occasioning the towne situated vpon the Rhijn Meien Arburg in the particular country of Eysell The ancient inhabitants hereof were the famous Treveri of Caesar Tacitus Ptolemie and others The country is subject to the Archbishops and Electours of Trier THE BISHOPPRICK OF LVICK BOunded vpon the East with the countries of Gulick and Limburg vpon the South with Lutzenburg and Namur and vpon the West and North with Brabant The country is very healthy and pleasant called by a common proverb the Paradise of Priests for such are the Lordes thereof and in regard of the great number there of Monasteries and religious persons no small part of the inhabitants The more champian and fruitfull parts are those towards the North and Brabant stored with corne and all other necessary provision wines excepted which here grow but in few places The Southerne lying towards France and Lutzenburg are more barren swelling with hills and shady Forrests the remainders of the great Ardenne abounding chiefly with Mineralls especially of Marble of sundrie sorts Sea-coale and Iron of exceeding hardnesse Here are reckned 25 walled townes and 1700 Villages hauing Churches Places of chiefer note are Dinant vpon the Meuse and borders of Hainault Huy vpon the same river towards Namur Luick pleasantly seated amongst sundry streames and rivulets parts of the Meuse wat'ring the many streets hereof the seat and residence of the Bishops and the chiefe towne of the country The citty is faire open and large containing foure Italian miles in compasse and some 32 parishes The Churches here for their number riches and beauty excell all others in both kingdomes of France Germany the Cathedrall whereof is dedicated to S. Lambert the patron of the citty whose Canons are the Bishops Counsellours all nobly descended Doctors or Licentiats Ecclesiasticall partly Secular whereof these later may marry Here are besides 8 Collegiate Churches endowed with great reuenues besides almost infinite Religious houses and Monasteries wherewith the towne seemeth in a manner almost wholy to be peopled Here also yet flourisheth an ancient Vniversity wherein nine sons of Kings 24 of Dukes and 29 of Earles are reported at one time to haue beene students Mastreich vpon the Meuse Of this towne only the one halfe lieth in Luick the rest in Brabant Peer Bissen Hasselt vpon the river Demer Horck S. Truden Borckloe Tongeren civitas Tungrorum of Ptolemie Here flourished in the time of the Romanes an ancient Bishops sea after the invasion and spoile of Attilas and the Huns by whom the towne was sacked and destroied in the yeare 498 by S. Servatius removed vnto Mastreich afterwards in the yeare 713 by S. Hubert vnto Luick where now it resteth Borckworm Francimont Buillon an ancient castle mounted vpon the top of an high hill whereof sometimes was named that famous Godfrey of Buillon Duke of Lorraine and the first of the Latines king of Hierusalem The ancient inhabitants were the Eburones of Caesar and Strabo whose name yet seemeth to be preserved in a little village called Ebure distant about a Dutch mile from Luick The country is wholy subject in matters both temporall and ecclesiasticall to the Bishops of Luick The language hereof is the Wallon a corrupt kinde of