beginneth the second booke shewing by longitude and by latitude the dystance vnto any Towne or Citie or place vpon the face of the earth keping one poynt or winde ouer the Sea and LANDE although that it be not the very nearest way for the very nearest way ouer the Sea and Land can not be by one poynt of the Compasse except it be vpon the Meridian lyne that is due South or due North from you or being vnder the Equinoctial to be due East or West But if it be in any other place from vnder the Equinoctiall although it be due East or West both the places to be vnder one Paralell yet in the going due East and West is not the nearest way ouer the Sea and Land but the next way ouer the Sea and Lande is by diuers wyndes or poyntes of the compasse and the further frō the Equinoctial to eyther of the two poles the greater chaunging of the poyntes of the compasse For the next way ouer the Sea and the Land vnto any place is to goe by the great circle which is equall vnto the Equinoctiall or the Meridian circle which will not be according vnto any one poynt of the compasse but vnto dyuers as for proofe thereof you shall haue this for an ensample thus that in the latitude of .60 degrees that there were two Townes or places in that paralell the one being opposite or right against the other that is .180 degrees and a degree in that paralel doth containe .30 myles And nowe to goe iust East or West in that paralel to come vnto the place assigned it is .5400 myles as for proofe therof multiply .180 tymes .30 but that is not the next way vnto the place assygned but the next way is to goe by the Merydian lyne that is to say to goe due North vntill you do come ryght vnder the pole and then to goe by that Merydian due South tyll you haue that latitude agayne and then it is but .3600 myles as you may knowe by playne multiplycation as it is from the latitude of .90 degrees vnto the pole to go due North .30 degrees and from the pole Southward agayne other .30 degrees that is in all .60 degrees and then to multyply .60 tymes .60 it sheweth the true dystance which is but .3600 myles And to goe by the paralell lyne that is due East or West then it is .5400 myles that is halfe so much more as by playne proofe you may know But if the two places be both vnderneth one paralel be shorter thē 180. degrees asūder thē it requireth to go by diuers points of the compasse and not by the Meridian according vnto the passing of the great circle which doth conteine in circumference 21600. myles which is the greatest compasse of the earth and not according vnto moe paralels then one which is the Equinoctial nether vnto no one poynt of the compasse for any poynt of the Compasse will bring you vnto the poles of the worlde or verye neare excepte those that be pararel which is East or West as all ryght lynes drawe being extended exceptynge lynes paralell will Crosse the other in the ende so all the poyntes of the Compasse doe winde vntyl they doe come vnto the poles or very neare the poles of the world as they be all Hilicall or Spherall lynes Wherefore there is no one poynt or wynde that can be prescribed to be the next way by that poynt vnto any place assygned but onely the Meridyan lyne or lynes and to goe East and West then to be vnder the Equinoctiall for the nexte way els is by sundry poyntes of the compasse c. Wherefore I omitte to say any more thereof but onely to shew vnto you how for to know the dystance vnto any Towne or place situated vpon the lace of the whole earth by any one assygned poynte of the compasse then for to knowe the true distaunce ouer the Sea and the lande And I doo shewe it thys waye for two causes the first is this for that it is not possible to passe the next way by the meanes of the frozen Zone Wherfore it is supposed that it is not nauigable in those Seas neyther passageable by lande in those Countreys and the seconde cause is this as before is declared in the goyng the next waye it dooth require to goe by sundry poyntes of the compasse which woulde be but a confused matter for the most part of those persons that doo desire to knowe the distaunce vnto any place assigned neyther shall he knowe so readily which way it standeth or beareth from him And furthermore in the knowing the distaunce vnto any place assigned and by what poynt of the compasse it beareth this is to be considered that the Longitude dooth begin at the Meridian of the Cannary Iland and so to follow vnto the Eastwardes and so ending at .360 againe at the Cannary Ilandes as I doo shewe in my booke called the Regiment for the Sea The second Chapter sheweth vnto you howe you may knowe the distaunce vnto any Towne situate vppon the face of the whole earth so that you do◠knowe the true Longitude and the true Latitude of them NOw furthermore if that you doo know the Longitude and the Latitude of any towne or townes situate vppon the earth you may know the distaunce vnto them as before is declared as thus If that the towne be iust East or West from you that is to say that your towne or place is vnder the Paralel that the other towne is that is to say that the Pole artike of that towne or place is so manye degrees aboue the Horizon as your towne is both in degrees and minutes then shall you seeke how many degrees of Longitude the other towne dooth differ frō yours then you shall seeke how many myles that one degree shal answere vnto it in that paralel and then you shall multiplie the one by the other that is to say the degrees by the myles and that summe which commeth of that multiplication shal be the distance betweene the two townes as for ensample thus by the Citie of London Answerpe in Brabant which differeth but .4 minutes in Latitude for at London the Pole is raised .51 degrees .32 minutes and at the Citie of Antwerpe the Pole is raised .51 degrees .28 minutes therefore we be both vnder one paralel Now the Longitude of London is from the Cannarie Ilandes .19 degrees and .54 minutes and Antwerpes Longitude is .26 degrees .36 minutes so that Antwerpe standeth East from London .6 degrees .42 minutes Now must I know how many miles a degree conteineth in that paralel and of that I doo make mention in my booke called The Regiment for the Sea in the .16 Chapter and that I doo finde to be .37 myles to one degree Thē I multiplie .6 times .37 because that it is .6 degrees .37 myles to one degree and of
to the Southward Cobbam Churche South and by East and ⅙ part to the Southwards Ruggon Hill the Mille South ◠¾ to the Westwards Mepham Church South and by West and ½ to the Westwarde Tilberye Bulwark and Grauesend South Southwest and ½ to the Southwardes Northe Fleete Churche Southwest and ¼ to the South Swanskam Churche Southwest and ¾ to the Westwarde Saint Clements church west and by South and ⅛ parte to the West Grayes thurrock West and ⅔ partes to the South Litle Thurock West and ⅖ partes to the Southwarde The Vineyarde Mill West and ⅕ part to the Southwarde And so I make an ende And then I drew lynes from the Center of the Circle to the Circumference to the title of the names of the Townes and so I passed by the right lynes to the furthest partes of the paper fyrst vpon the one Circle then vppon the other tyll that I had drawne so many Lines as that there were Townes in both Circles and there where that the Lynes dyd crosse the one the other I made a marke For there standeth the Towne as by this Ensample it doth appeare The .16 chapter sheweth you how for to make a Trouke or skalle of measure in a mappe or Carde whereby you may know the distance in myles that it is from one towne to an other Now this being done you may know the distance from any one towne to an other For as many townes as you haue obserued and if you lyst you may goe from place to place tyll that you haue obserued and taken all the Townes in a whole region or countrie as thus first measure the distance in myles frō any one towne to another then that distance being knowne make a Tronke or Skall of measure with a pare of compasses according to the distance taken with the compasses betwene those .2 townes in the paper Then that being truly diuided into myles and halfe myles and quarters of myles then you may know the distance from one towne to an other thorowe all a whole region or countrye by the replying it with a payre of compasses as you maye perceaue by the rule or Skall made vppon the other side of the paper and the roundles with the prickes in the middle be myles and the prickes measured betwene them is one quarter of a myle as ensample for the makyng of a Tronke or Skall First I measured the distaunce between Northfleete Church Grauesend Church found the measure vpon the right lyne a myle and halfe a quarter and then I made a Tronke of Skall in the card as thus then I toke a payre of compasses and measured the distance from the crossing of the .2 lynes of the .2 circles of the Tytle of Grauesende and the Tytle of Northefleete and then I finding the measure to be a myle and ⅛ partes of a myle I did rebate the .8 part of a myle and then that which did remayne was iust a myle and then according to that proportion of measure I made a Skall or Tronke of measure on the side of the .2 Circles and deuided it into .4 equall parts and euerie one of these parts to be one quarter of a myle as by the demonstration afore made it doth appeare Now whensoeuer that you do desire for to know the distance from any one towne to an other then take your compasses and open the compasses to the widenesse betwene the .2 townes that the one foote might stande vpon the one Towne and the other vpon the other Then set your compasses to the Skall or Tronke of measure there shall you see the distance of myles open with halfe myles and quarters of myles as for ensample this by certayne places afore named which is Clyffe Church and the vinyarde mylle and the third to be Grauesende And the vinearde mille and Clyffe church the one beareth from the other by a right lyne East west Clyffe Church a quarter and halfe a poynt to the Northe of the East and the vinyard mille a quarter of a poynt to the South of the west and the distance betwene them by a ryght lyne ouer the water and the land .8 myles and ⅖ partes of a myle and Clyffe Churche beares from Grauesende East Northeast and to the North and the distance ouer the water and the lande by a ryght lyne 4. myles and ⅙ part of a myle Then the vinyarde mill bare from Grauesende West and by North and part of a poynt to the North and the distance to the mill from Grauesend .4 myle and ¾ partes of a myle as by this ensample it dothe appeare And now you knowing the distance vnto any place assygned you may know the height of any hill or the deepnesse of any valley by the order declared in the Chapter there by the Scall or els by the degrees c. The .17 Chapter sheweth vnto you how you may make a carde or mappe for any countrie placing in it the true Longitude and the true Latitude And also how for to know the true longitude and the true latitude NOw furthermore if that you liste you may make a carde bewtify it at your pleasure make it fairer you may drawe the longitude and the latitude of euery place as thus first you may take the distance of euery Towne and Village and Hill or any other notable marke whatsoeuer it be and then make a marke for the name of such a Towne according to the obseruation that you haue obserued afore bothe the distance and towards what coste of the contrey the Towne doth declyne according to the crossing of the .2 lynes placing in it the principal ryuers or waters and then in the very midle of the mappe or carde make a Meridian lyne to the intēt for to rule al the rest of the work And then in the margent of the card from the South to the North vpon both of the edges of the mappe or card place the latitude of the country that is to say at how many degrees that the pole Artick is lyfted aboue your Horizon as you may know it by your Astrolobe by the altitude of the same vpon the Merydian lyne knowing what declination the Sun hath vpon that day of the moneth that you take the height of the Sunne And then if that the Sunne hath North declination you must substract or pull away the Suns declination with degrees and minutes if South declination you must adde or putte to the Sunnes declination with degrees and minutes and then that which shal remayne shall be the altitude of the Equinoctial Then pull that sūme out of .90 degrees with degrees and minuts the remaynder shal be the height of the North pole Artick aboue the Horizon And furthermore you may know the latitude of any Towne or Countrey by the starres of the South or starres of the North knowing there iust declination from the Equinoctial dooing by them as you doe by
of the Astrolobe to knowe the true wydenesse of any Water or howe farre that anye Shyppe is of from you or to take anye great distaunce by layinge the Astrolobe flatte beefore you with the Skall vpwardes The Eight Chapter sheweth vnto you if that you doe knowe the distaunce then you maye knowe whether it bee higher grounde or lower then the place that you are vpon how much both by the partes of the Skall and by the degrees and also you may know whether that one Ship be hygher then another The ninth Chapter sheweth the makinge of a Crosse-staffe that in some cases is better then the Skall of the Astrolobe or Quadrant The tenth Chapter sheweth how for to vse the crossestaffe for to knowe the length of any wall or the distaunce betweene any 2. markes and also the distance from you vnto any wall or marke The eleuenth Chapter sheweth you how for to take the length of a wall when that you haue not grounde large yenough for your .2 stations or standings The twelfe Chapter sheweth you howe for to know the distaunce vnto any 2. markes or to the 2. endes of any wall by the extracting of the square roote The thirteenth Chapter sheweth howe for to knowe the distaunce vnto any marke with the Crossestaffe without the extracting of the roote and also howe for to take the height of any thing with the Crossestaffe The fourteenth Chapter sheweth vnto you howe that you shall know the distaunce of any shippe from you and you being in another shippe and both the shippes vnder sayle and goyng by the crosse staffe The fifteenth Chapter sheweth vnto you how that you shall make an instrument whereby that you you maye describe a region or countrey whiche you may call a Horizontall and also howe for to take the plat of any ground The sixteenth Chapter sheweth you howe to make a Trounke or Skall of measure in a Mappe or Carde whereby you maye knowe the distaunce in myles that it is from one towne to another The seuenteenth Chapter sheweth vnto you howe you may make a Carde or mappe for any countrey placing in it the true longitude and the true latitude and also howe for to knowe the true longitude and the true latitude The eyghteenth Chapter sheweth vnto you howe you may place all the principall riuers or waters truely in anye Carde or Mappe Finis The Argument of the seconde Booke of the Treasure for Trauailers The second booke of the Treasure for Trauaylers shewing howe by the longitude and latitude of any Cytye Towne or place for to knowe the distance in myles vnto them and also by what poynt or winde of the compasse they be from you And also there is shewed in this booke how dyuers notable Cyties Townes or places doe beare from the Citie of London both in Europe Africa Asia and America with sundry principall Ilands in the sea both by what distance they be in myles from London and what winde or poynt of the compas they are frō Londō also theyr longest day the diuersitie aspect that is to say howe much the Moone shal chaūge rather or later then it doth at the Cytie of London being very necessary for all sortes of traualers eyther by Sea or by Lande Written by william Bourne ¶ To the courteous Reader FRiendely Reader there is conteyned in this seconde Booke how by the longitude and the Latitude to knowe the distance vnto what quarter of the worlde that anye place assigned is from you that is to saye how many miles according vnto our english accoumpt and by what poynt of the Compasse anye Citie or Towne or any other notable Place is from you wheresoeuer you bee vppon the face of the whole Earth And for that the Citie of LONDON is the most notable the famousest place heere in ENGLANDE therfore I haue thought it good to assigne the Citie of London to be the place appoynted how farre sundrye notable Cities and Townes and other places worthy of memorye are from the citie of Londō both their distance in miles vnto what quarter of the world they doe beare from the Citie of London according to their longitude and latirude accordingly as sundrye authors haue set downe their longitude and latitude and also there is contayned in this second Booke the diuersitie aspecte that is to saye how much that the Moone shall change rather or later then it doth at London according vnto the Longitude of the places that are mentioned in this second Booke and also the length of the longest Sommer day at the places named in this secōd Booke according vnto the latitudes of the places sette downe in this seconde Booke And for that there is no person that hath trauailed generally through the face of the whole earth therefore they must needes of force folowe such authours as haue written therof whether they be true or not and therefore you must needs take thē as they be for otherwise I know not how it is possible for to doe it but onely to folowe the best and most Learned authors that haue written in those causes And yet the learned men that haue bene afore time must of force folow those that haue giuen vnto them the notes of the longitude and the Latitudes of any places that they haue not bene at them selues whether they be true or not And there bee a number of persons who if they doe fynde but a small fault in any Booke then by that meanes they will goe about to discredit the whole matter often repeatinge the matter yf they doe fynde any errour in it as who shoulde saye what a cunning man he is although in all the rest of the whole booke hee is not able to say any thing thereunto And it may bee possible that hee may haue no iudgement in the rest of the causes how necessarie so euer the rest of the substance of the matter is Wherefore gentle Readers if you doe finde any fault in this Booke then gently geue me warning thereof and if you doe amende the faultes therin contayned then I shall bee the more beholding vnto you c. For as touching the longitude and the latitude of places men must credit those that haue beene there for the trueth of the matter and yet euery man that hath bene at any place cannot do it for the .100 person that hath trauailed vnto places is not able to take the true latitude but much lesse the longitude of any place And furthermore as touching the true distaunce vnto any place assigned that cannot bee by any one poynt of the Compasse as is declared in this Booke c. And thus gentle Readers I betake you vnto the almightye God for euermore ¶ The second booke of the treasure for Trauaylers The first Chapter of the Second booke shewing you how for to know the distance vnto any Towne vpon the face of the earth and what is to be considered in the doing thereof c. NOwe
that multiplication there commeth .222 Then there is .42 minutes more and that .42 minutes conteineth neare .26 myles so that the whole summe of myles from London to Antwerpe by a right East line ouer the Sea and the land is .248 myles Now furthermore if that towne or place haue that Longitude that your towne hath and hath another Latitude that is to saye that it dooth stande due South or North from you hauing all one Meridian lyne then must you looke howe manye degrees the other towne is Southe or Northe from your towne and then you knowyng that you maye knowe the distaunce to any Towne or place that standeth vnderneath your Meridian allowyng .60 myles for euery degree of Latitude as for ensample thus by the Citie of London and Roane in Normandie which hath in manner all one Longitude as the Citie of London hath .19 degrees .54 minutes of Longitude as afore is declared so hath the Towne of Roane .20 degrees .3 minutes which differeth 6. myles to the Eastwardes of the Meridian of the Citie of London and as it is afore rehearsed that the latitude of London is .51 degrees and .32 minutes the Latitude of Roane is 49. degrees and .10 minutes so that Roane standeth .2 degrees .22 minutes to the Southwardes of the Citie of London And then multiplie .2 tymes .60 which maketh .120 and then there is .22 minutes more then that commeth to .22 myles so that .120 myles and .22 myles maketh in al .142 myles the distance betweene the Citie of London and Roane â—uer the sea land by a ryght lyne betweene them Now furthermore if so be that any towne or countrie hath an other longitude and an other latitude then yours hath then to knewe the distance betweene theÌ„ you must woorke thus First looke what latitude that your towne hath and then looke the latitude of the other towne that you woulde knowe the distance vnto then that being knowne you must seeke the longitude of the other towne howe muche it doeth differ from yours then looke howe many myles of the latitude wyl answeare to one degree then that number beyng multiplied the number of degrees by the myles and that sheweth howe many myles that it is from the Meridian of your towne to the Meridian of the other towne Then the other towne hath an other latitude then yours hath and if the towne bee to the Northwardes of your towne then the degrees of that paralell shall bee shorter then the degrees of your paralell and if the latitude of the towne bee to the South partes of your towne then shal the degrees of the parallel be longer then the degrees of the parallel of your towne Then in like manner as you haue multiplied the number of myles by the degrees of your towne so in like manner you shall seeke howe many myles wyll annsweare vnto one degree in that parallel Then multiplye the degrees by the myles and it wyll shewe vnto you the distaunce of myles from the other towne too the Meridian of your towne then the distance of the Southermost towne from the Meridian is moe myles then the other towne is Therefore you shal adde or pull both your nuÌ„bers together and then take halfe that for your East and West line then shall you multyply the number of myles in it selfe and keepe it in memorye then you knowing the number of myles of Latitude that the one Towne doth differ from the other then in lyke maner you shall multyply that number in it selfe then the multiplycation of both the numbers you shall adde together then you shall by extraction of Rootes seeke the square Roote â— that being knowne shall be the iust distaunce by that poynte or right Lyne ouer the Sea and the Lande from the one Towne to the other as for ensample thus By the Citie of London and the Citie of Hierusalem nowe being destroyed whiche was somtime the most famous Citie on earth and the Latitude of London as afore is declared beinge 51. degrees 32. minutes and euery degree of our paralell is 37. myles and the Latitude of Hierusalem is 31. degrees and 22. minutes then for euery degree in that paralell shall be 51. myles Then I knowing the Longtitude of the Citie of London for to bee 19. degrees and 54. minutes then I doe seeke the Langtitude of Hierusalem and I finde it for to bee 65. degrees and 45. mynutes Then I doo pull away 19 degrees 54. minutes out of 65. degrees 45. minutes and then remayneth 45. degrees 51. mynutes and so many degrees and minutes is Hierusalem Easte from the Citie of London Then first I doe multiply the miles in a degree of our paralell as this beinge 45. degrees and 37. miles to one degree Therefore I doe multiply the one by the other that is 45. times 37. and of that multiplycation commeth 1665. then 51. minutes more and that commeth neare vnto 32. miles then put 32. vnto 1665. that maketh 1697. and so manye miles it is from the Citie of London vnto the Meridian lyne of Hierusalem And now you must multiplye the number of degrees into myles for the latitude of Hierusalem whiche is 51. myles to one degree in that paralel and the degrees be in number 45. degrees 51. minutes Therfore I doe multyplye 45. by 51. and of that multyplycation there commeth 2295. Then there is 51. minutes more and that commeth neare vnto 44. miles and put 44. vnto 2295. and that maketh 2339. and so manye myles it is betweene Hierusalem and the Meridian lyne of the Citie of London Then this being done I doe adde both the numbers together that is to say the number of miles in the paralel of London betweene both the Meridians the one being .1697 and the other for to be 2339. then addynge both these numbers together maketh 4036. then take halfe that number for your true East and West lyne whiche wyll be 2018. myles then I doe seeke the diuersitie beeweene the 2. paralels as thus The pole artick of London is raysed 51. degrees and 32. mynutes and the pole artick of Hierusalem is raysed 31. degrees and 22. minutes Then I doe substract 31. degrees 22. mynutes out of 51. degrees 32. minutes the remainder is 20. degrees 10. minutes then I doe multiplye the number of degrees by myles 60. miles to one degree because that they bee degrees of Latitude thus .20 times 60. of that multiplication commeth .1200 and then there is 10. mynutes more and those 10. minutes commeth to 10. miles so that the whole summe of myles from the paralel of London to the paralel of Hierusalem is 1210. myles And now for to fynde the true distance ouer the Sea and the land by a poynt or lyne you must doe thus by the exctactions of rootes Fyrst you must multiplye the Longitude and the number of myles in it selfe as it is afore rehearsed the halfe of the miles of the distaunce betweene the 2.
degrees .32 minutes betweene the two paralelles And now to knowe by what poynt of the Compasse doo this Rome is to the East wardes of London .16 degrees .46 mi. for that it is more degrees in longitude Wherfore you most seeke howe many myles that it is first in your paralell and heere at London .37 myles dooth answere vnto one degree therefore multiply .16 times .37 and that commeth vnto .592 and then there is .46 minutes more and that commeth vnto .28 miles and better Then put .28 vnto .592 and that maketh .620 so that you may conclude that it is .620 myles from London vnto the Meridian of Rome in the paralel of London And nowe the latitude of Rome is .42 degrees and then .44 myles maketh a degree in that paralel Wherefore multiply .16 times .44 and that maketh .704 and then there is .46 minutes more and that maketh .33 myles and better Wherefore adde .33 vnto .704 there it will be .737 so that you may conclude that it is from Rome vnto the Meridian of London .737 myles Wherefore adde or put both these two numbers togeâ—her that is to say 620. and .737 and that maketh .1357 And nowe take halfe this number and that will shewe vnto you howe many myles that Rome is to the Eastwardes of London and that is .678 myles and a halfe and nowe there is .9 degrees .32 minutes betweene the two paralelles and 60 myles make a degree Therefore multiply .9 times .60 and that maketh .540 and then take .32 myles more for the .32 minutes .32 â–ª put vnto .540 maketh .572 so that Rome is .572 miles vnto the Southwardes of London and nowe for that Rome is more degrees in longitude then London and fewer degrees in latitude then London therefore then Rome must needes be in the Southeast quarter and to knowe iust by what poynt then looke what both the numbers be as thus Rome is vnto the Eastwards of London 678. myles and ½ and vnto the Southwardes of London .572 myles then vewing the two numbers .572 is more then ¾ of 678. Therefore you may conclude that Rome dooth stande from London Southeast and by East and somewhat declinyng or leaning more vnto the Southwardes and if that the numbers had been equall then it had been due Southeast c. And to knowe howe many myles by that poynt of the Compasse that is shewed in the Chapter goyng before and by this order you shall knâ—w by what poynt of the Compasse that any place dooth beare from you c. ¶ The fourth Chapter sheweth the Longitude and the Latitude and by what poynt of the Compasse that sundrye places within England and Scotland and Ireland and also of certayne Ilandes neere vnto them dooth beare from the Citie of London and what distaunce of miles that they are from London by the poynt of the Compasse ouer the water and ouer the lande And also there is shewed howe muche that the Moone shall chaunge rather or later then it dooth at London and also it dooth shewe the length of the longest Sommers day for as many places as be named NOwe furthermore in so muche as I haue shewed vnto you how by the longitude and by the latitude you maye knowe by what poynt of the Compasse that any place assygned beareth from you and also at anye place assygned for to knowe the distance by that poynt of the compasse that is to say howe many myles that it is from you so in like manner I thinke it good for to shewe the longitude and the latitude of sundry principall places vpon the face of the whole earth according vnto diuers Authours that haue written thereof and also for that the Citie of London is the principall and most famous place here in England I will declare or shew vnto you by what poynt of the Compasse that any of those places doo beare or declyne vnto from the Citie of London and also howe many myles by that poynt ouer the Sea and London by that ryght lyne or poynt of the compasse And also I doo thinke it good for to shewe vnto you the diuersitie aspect of all those places by the Citie of London that is to say howe much that the Moone shall chaunge rather or later then that it shall doo at the Citie of London whereby maye be knowne the time of any Eclipse eyther of the Moone or Sunne and also the aspectes of the Moone with the other planets you knowing at what houre or tyme that it wyll happen or be at London And also I doo thinke it good for to shewe vnto you the length of the longest Sommer day in all those places that shall be named accordyng vnto the longitude and latitude and then the length of the shortest Wynter daye is soone knowne and the daye is ment to bee from the Sunne rysing vnto the Sunne setting For the latitude of places dooth alter the length of the daye and the longitude dooth alter the tymes of the Eclipses eyther of the Sunne or of the Moone wyth all the other aspectes that the Moone hath with the Sunne or any other of the Planets c. And nowe shall followe the longitude and latitude and the other things before rehearsed of certaine places and first for England and Scotlande and Ireland with some Ilandes belonging thereunto And for that London is the assigned place the longitude therof from the Canarie Ilande beyng 19 degrees 54. minutes and the latitude or eleuation of the Pole beyng 51. degrees 32 minutes and first this S. Michaels muount in Cornewall hath longitude .14 degrees .20 minutes and latitude 30. degrees 40. minutes and is West and by South from the Citie of London .210 miles and the Moone shal chaunge rather then at London by .25 minutes and the longest Sommer day is .16 houres .20 minutes long c. Doner in Kent the longitude .21 degrees .15 minutes the Latitude .51 degrees .20 minutes and is East and by South from the Citie of London .49 myles and the Moone shall chaunge later then at London .5 minutes and the longest day in Sommer is .16 houres .25 minutes c. Barwick the Northermost part of England standing vpoÌ„ the edge of Scotland the longitude .20 degrees .24 minutes the latitude .55 degrees .58 minutes and is North and a little declining vnto the Eastwardes .267 miles and the Moone shall chaunge lâ—tâ—r then it doth at London .2 minutes and the longest Sommer day is .17 houres .24 minutes long c. The Citie of Yorke hath longitude .20 degrees and latitude 54. degrees .2 minutes and is in manner due North from the Citie of London .150 myles and the Moone chaungeth later then at London .7 5. part of a minute and the longest Sommer day is neere 17. houres long c. Carlell in Cumberland the longitude .17 degrees .48 minuts the latitude .55 degrees .2 minutes and is Northe Northwest 224. myles from the Citie
beyonde the Equinoctiall 7224. myles from London and the moone chaungeth rather then at London by .5 howres .0 minutes and the longest Summer daye with them is our shortest Winter daye for that the pole Antartick or south pole is aboue the Horizon and is .16 howres .36 minutes c. The great riuer of Plate the longitude 327. degrees the latitude is the South pole 35. degrees and is South Southwest 5685. myles from London and the Moone chaungeth rather then at London by .3 howres 32. minutes and their longest summer day is in our winter is 14. howres .30 mynuts long Cappe Crusos the Eastermost part of all America is coÌ„monly called the cost of Brasell the longitude 345. degrees the latitude 5. degrees of the south pole and is South Southwest 3792 myles froÌ„ London the Moone changeth rather then at LondoÌ„ 2. houres 20. mi. the loÌ„gest day is about .12 houres .30 minuts Cappe de planco the longitude .306 degrees the latitude 5. degrees is southwest and by West 4547. myles from LondoÌ„ and the Moone changeth rather 4. howres .56 minutes and the longest daye is about 12. howres 20. minutes c. Cappe S. Marthae the loÌ„gitude .284 degrees the latitude 12. degrees and is west southwest to the southwards 5103. myles from London and the Moone chaungeth rather by 60. howres 24. minutes and the longest daye is 12 howres 45. minutes Carthagena the longitude .282 degrees the latitude 10. degrees .15 minutes and is West Southwest and to the South 5316. myles from London the moone changeth rather by .6 howres 32. mynutes and the longest day is 12. howres .38 minutes Nomber de Deus the longitude 276. degrees the latitude 7. degrees and is West Southwest 5685. myles from London and the moone chaungeth rather by 6. howres 56. minutes and the longest daye is .12 howres 25. mynutes c. The great famous Citie of Mexico the principallest place in all America the longitude .238 degrees the latitude .21 degrees 30. minutes and is West and by south 6844. myles from London and the moone chaungeth rather then at London by 9. howres 28. minutes and the longest day is 13. howres 20. mynutes The riuer of Palme in Floryda the longitude 260. degrees the latitude 39. degrees .20 minutes and is West and to the Southwardes 5034. miles from London and the moone chaungeth rather then at London by 8. howres .0 minutes and the longest daye is 14. howres 45. minutes The Cape of Cerra Floryda the longitude .272 degrees the latitude 31. degrees and is West and by Southe .4935 myles from London and the moone chaungeth rather by 7. howres .12 minutes the longest daye is .14 howres .6 minutes c. Perru in America the longitude .290 degrees the latitude hath the South pole 5. degrees and is Southwest and by West .5528 myles from London and the moone chaungeth rather then at London 6. howres 0. minutes and their longest daye is but .12 howres .20 mynutes Pannama a Towne or Citie vppon the Sea Coaste of Mare de Sur or South sea the longitude .276 degrees the latitude .20 degrees 40. minutes and is Southwest and by West and to the Westwardes 5794 myles from London and the Moone chaungeth rather by 6. howres 56. minutes and the longest day is 12. howres 15. minutes Tumbes a Port in the Prouince of Peru vpon the cost of the South Sea the longitude 276. degrees the latitud 12. degrees of the Antartick pole and is Southwest and by West 6045. myles from LondoÌ„ and the moone chauÌ„geth rather by 6 howres 56 minutes and the longest day is but .12 howres 15. minutes in our Winter Baculaius is on the Northeast ende of America commonlye called the new founde Lande the longitude of the midle of them is 320. degrees the latitude of the midle thereof is .54 degrees and is West and to the North partes .2200 myles from London the moone chaungeth rather by 3. howres .59 minutes and the longest daye is 16. howres 58. minutes The Lande of Labrador the longitude of the Eastermost Cape is 320 degrees the latitude thereof 63. degrees and the moone chaungeth rather by 3. howres 95. minutes and is West Northwest and to the Northwardes .2768 myles from London and the longest day is 20. howres 0. minutes longe And thus I doe ende the discription of the mayâ—e or firme land of America c. The ninth Chapter sheweth the Longitude and the Latitude and the other thinges before hearsed of certayne of the most principalle Ilands of Europe within the midle earth Sea and also of the moste principalle Ilands of Asia and America ANd now shall folow the longitude and the latitude and the other thinges before rehearsed of Certayne of the most notablest Ilands of all Asia and America and also of Europe and fyrst of certayne of the most principall Ilands in the midle earth Sea And fyrst the Iland of Cicilia being the principallest Iland in all that Seas the midle therof hath longitude 37. degrees the latitude 36. degrees and is Southeast and by South 1178. miles from London and the Moone chaungeth later by 1. howre .8 minutes and their longest daye is 14. howres .30 minutes c. The Ilande of Corsica the myddle thereof hath longitude 31. degrees the latitude 40. degrees is Southeast and by South 829. myles from London and the moone chaungeth later by .44 minuts and their longest day is 14. houres 50. minutes c. The Ilande of Sardinia the myddle hath longitude 31. degrees the latitude 38. degrees and is South Southeast and to the Eastwardes .932 myles from London and the Moone chaungeth later by 44. minutes and their longest day is .14 houres 40. minutes long c. The Ilande of Maiorica the myddle hath longitude .17 degrees the latitude 38. degrees 30. mynutes and is South and a little to the Westwardes .792 myles from London and the Moone chaungeth rather by 12. minutes and the longest day is 14. houres 43. minutes c. The Ilande of Minorica the longitude .20 degrees the latitude 39. degrees and is due South .752 myles from London the Moone chaungeth at that tyme that it dooth at London and the longest daye is .14 houres .45 minutes c. The Ilande of Candie the longitude .55 degrees the latitude 35. degrees .20 minutes and is Southeast and by East and to the Eastwardes 1791. myles from London and the Moone chaungeth later then at London by 2. houres .20 minutes and the longest day is .14 houres .25 minutes c. The Ilands of Nigropant the longitude .54 degrees the latitude 38. degrees and is East South and to the Southwardes 1643. myles from London and the Moone chaungeth later by 2. houres .16 minutes and the longest day is .14 houres .40 minutes c. The Ilandes called Ciclades the myddle of
betweene the two feete of the Compasses and that beyng knowne then multiply the number of degrees by 60. and that shall shewe vnto you the true number of myles betweene any two places assigned and this beyng doone precisely taking the true number of degrees the partes therof you shal not fayle of the truth so that the Longitude and Latitude of the places be truely set vppon the Globe and then 60. myles dooth aunswere vnto one degree both vnder the Equinoctiall and the Meridians And in euery great Circle on the Globe of the Earth whose whole circumference or compasse is 21600. myles so that no two places assigned cannot be further distaunce asunder then 10800. myles and then the one must be opposit or ryght against the other being Antipodes goyng feete vnto the feete of the other and then as before is declared it is neyther East nor West nor no poynt of the Compasse else for which waye soeuer that you doo goe by anye ryght lyne the distaunce is all one but if that any two places bee not directlye Antipodes the one vnto the other then that is nearer one waye then that it is another way and yet it shall not bee by any one poynt of the Compasse but by diuers poyntes of the Compasse as before is rehearsed except that the two places bee both vnder one Meridian or else vnder the Equinoctiall c. ⧠A Table of the Contentes of the chapters of the second part of this Booke called a treasure for Trauailers FIrst to the Reader of thys seconde part The firste Chapter of the seconde parte sheweth you how for to know the distance vnto any towne vpon the face of the earth and what is to be considered in the dooynge therof The Seconde Chapter sheweth vnto you howe you may know the distaunce vnto any Towne situate vpon the face of the whole erth so that you doe know the true longitude and the true latitude of them The Thirde Chapter sheweth howe too knowe vnto what quarter of the worlde that anye place doth stande from you that is to saye by what poynt of the Compasse you knowing the true longitude and the true latitude The Fourth Chapter sheweth the longitude and the latitude and by what poynt of the compasse that sundry places within England and Scotland and Irelande and also of certayne Ilandes neare vnto them doth beare from the Citie of London and what distaunce of myles they are from London by the poynt of the Compasse ouer the water and the land and also there is shewed how much the moone shall chaunge rather or later then it doth at London and also it dooth shewe the length of the longest Summer daye for as manye places as are named The fyfth Chapter sheweth the longitude and the latitude and the other thinges before rehearsed of certayne of the principallest places in Europe as in Spayne and Portugall and Fraunce and Italy and Germany The Sixte Chapter sheweth the longitude and the latitude and the other thinges before rehearsed of certayne of the principallest places in Africa and of certaine Ilands neare therunto The Seuenthe Chapter sheweth the longitude and the latitude and the other things before rehersed of certayne of the principallest places of Asia and in the East India The Eight Chapter sheweth the longitude and the latitude and the other thinges before specifyed of certayne of the princpallest places of America or the West Indies that hath bene founde within these hundred yeares and not knowne vnto the olde Writers The ninth Chapter sheweth the longitude and the latitude and the other thinges be fore rehearsed of certayne of of the moste principall Ilandes of Europe within the midle earth Sea and also the most principall Ilandes of Asia and America The tenthe Chapter is as touching certaine thinges in the knowyng of the distaunce vnto any place assigned by longitude and by latitude Finis The Argument of the thyrde Booke of the treasure for Trauailers ¶ The thirde Booke of the Treasure for Trauailers conteyning some matters for the measuring of superfycialles as Lande Borde Pauement or Glasse and also some matters as touching Solled bodyes as Tymber Stone or such otherlyke and also howe to alter the Tonnage burthen or bygnesse of shippes and to keepe that moulde and proportion with other necessary thinges belonging thereunto c. Being very necessary for all sortes of people that trauaile eyther by Sea or Land written by William Bourne To the Reader of this third Booke GEntle Reader although Maister Leonard Dygges in hys Booke called Tictonicon and also Maister Thomas Dygges his Sonne in another Booke called Pantometry hath shewed how for to measure al Superfycialles as Land Borde Glasse Pauement or any such other lyke also how to measure al maner of Solled bodies as Timber Stone such other lyke yet notwithstandyng I haue written in this third Booke a lyttle briefe note as touching those causes and also how to buylde shippes for to make them of what tonnage or burthen that you lyst and to keepe any forme in the mould or proportion that you lyste whereby that any Mechanicall workemen by following the order in the Booke prescribed may make any shippe the one lyke the other and to make them of what bygnesse or smalnesse he lyst and to keepe that forme and fashion in an poyntes both in the moulde that is vnder the water and also in the fashion aloft aboue the water And also there is conteyned in this third part howe for to know the bygnesse of Ropes whether that it be as byg agayne or three tymes so bygge more or lesse at your discretion which in my opinion is very necessary to be knowne both vnto Naupegers or shippe Carpenters and also vnto all sortes of Sea men and also there is other necessarie matters conteyned in this third Booke ¶ The thyrde Booke of the treasure for Trauaylers The first Chapter of the thyrde Booke sheweth you howe for to caste the contentes of lande by Arithmeticke and also by the husbands rule which is by the account of money c. NOwe begynneth the thirde Booke for that it is necessarye for to knowe how to measure all manner of plat formes and bodyes both their superficiall contentes and also there masey contentes Therefore as briefly as I may I wyll shewe vnto you yet there hath famous and wyse men written thereof in our Englishe tongue as M. Leonard Dygges and M. Thomas Dygges his sonne other notable men seene in the Mathematicall Sciences Therefore I doo intend to treate the lesse thereof and especially of those thinges that those haue written of I wyll not meddle withall at this tyme for that they haue sufficiently declared it as this for to know the contentes of Lande to be measured in Triangles beyng sure for to make a square angle and so forth as M. Dygges dooth declare in hys Tictonicon and for to cast the contentes therof you shall doo this When you haue
the first booke ¶ The fyrst booke of the treasure for trauellers contayning the particuler conclusion of the Scall for to know the hieght of any Tower Steeple or Hill or Walle and the dystance vnto them and the particuler conclusions of the Crosse staffe and to know the thinges before rehersed after the playnest order of teachyng also there is the conclusion of the horizontal or flat Sphere how to take the plat of any countrey after the playnest order with such other lyke very necessary for all sortes of trauelers eyther by sea or by Land written by Willyam Bourne To the Reader of the first parte GEntle Reader there is conteyned in this first booke the particular conclusions of the Skal as touching the knowing oâ— heigthes bothe by right shadowe and contrary shadowe and also howe to knowe any distance by the Skalle And although that M. Thomas Dygges hath set out a booke called Pantometria whiche is extant in print as touching the conclusions of the Skall whiche is very learnedly done Yet notwithstanding I doo not thinke it hurtful to shewe it particularly and plainely whereby they may doo it in most causes without Arithmetike For the Skall being put but into .12 partes it may be counted by the head without Arithmetike but if the Skal be put into many partes then it must of force require the ayde of Arithmetike And also there is the particular conclusions of the Crosse staffe as to take the widenesse betweene any two markes and the length of any wall and the distance vnto any place with other necessarye matters to be donne with the playne Crosse staffe c. And also there is the Conclusion of the horizontal or flat Sphere howe to take the plat of any Countrey after the playnest order of teaching that is to saye by the poynt and partes of poyntes of the Compasse For it is al one matter whether that the Instrument be diuided into degrees or partes of poyntes and that same may be done by playne lynes of opposition without any InstrumeÌ„t or circle which I doo omyt at this tyme to speake of And although gentle readers that it seemeth not vnto you to be learned like done yet notwithstanding it is possible that there is some thing that is not common in those books that are extant that maye doo you pleasure For the learned sortes of bookes it may be are not most necessary to be common and yet it woulde doo well that the common sorte of people shoulde haue some instructions FOr that it is sufficiently declared in diuers bookes nowe extant in our Englishe tongue wherefore I doo thinke it superfluous for to shewe what a Pricke is or what a lyne is or what a Plat or Superficial is or what Angles be and what a sholded bodie is as it is sufficiently declared in all these bookes as in Euclides Elementes and in M. Thomas Dygges booke called Pantometay and also in M. Leonarde Dygges booke called Tectonicon c. A Circle is that whiche is drawen rounde with a payre of Compasses a Centre is the myddle pricke Circumference is the compasse Diameter is the breadth of a Circle c. And furthermore for that in this first part there is the conclusions of the Scall and the Crosse staffe shewyng by them howe for to knowe the distance vnto any place assigned Therefore it is very necessarie for to knowe the partes of measure as it is not vnknowen vnto all men what a foote is and that .12 ynches maketh a foote so .3 foote is a yarde and .5 foote is a pase Geometricall but some persons haue been of that opinion that .3 foote is a pase which is a yarde but it is but a simple steppe and fewe men are able to endure to pase a yarde any long tyme togeather but any person may endure to steppe two foote and a halfe all a day long togeather Therefore a pase Geometrical is two reasonable steppes and that is fiue foote and so any man may endure all a day together and twelue pases maketh a score and that is twentye yardes and that maketh .60 foote and a myle conteyneth .1000 Geometrical pases and that is .5000 foote and that maketh 1666. yardes â…” and that is .2 foote and that conteyneth 83. score â…“ and that is .20 foote c. and a Rod is .16 foote and a halfe of lande measure and .18 foote is a Rod of woode measure according to our Englishe account and .303 Rodde and .1 33. that is halfe a foote is a myle of lande measure and .277 Rodde and .7 9. that is .14 foote of woode measure is a myle and a fadome is .6 foote and that is .2 yardes and .10 fadome is a score and a myle conteyneth .833 fadome and â…“ part that is 2. foote c. And thus muche haue I saide as touching our Englishe account as concernyng the measuryng of the length or the distances vnto any place assigned c. ¶ The first Chapter of the first booke conteynyng the making of the Quadrant with the Skall whereby you may knowe the height or lowenesse of any thynge c. NOwe begynneth the first part of this booke called A Treasure for Trauaylers shewing the conclusions of the Skall whereby you may knowe the height of any Tower Steeple or Wall or the height of a Hyll and the distances vnto any marke assigned by the Conclusions of the Skall And also in this first part there is the Conclusions of the Crosse staffe shewyng howe to knowe the length of the Corten of a wall and the distance thereof or any Towne more playner then is shewed in M. Leonarde Dygges booke called Tectonicon And also there is the making and the vse of an Instrument that may be called an Horizontal Sphere to drawe the plat of any Countrey set out vpon the face of the whole earth and howe to knowe howe to place the longitude and the latitude of any Towne with other necessarie thinges c. very necessarie and profitable for al trauailers and seruitâ—urs either by sea or by lande as Gonners and Captaines and leaders of men And nowe shall followe the making of a Quadrant with the Skal diuided but into xii-partes although some wyl haue it diuided into .60 partes and some into 48. partes and some into moe partes and some into lesse partes according vnto the fantasie of sundry Authours But I doo thinke it bâ—â—â— to be diuided into .12 partes for that diuers people are desirous to knowe the vse of the Skall that are not seene in Arithmetike and yet the vse of the Skal is very necessary and profitable for them to knowe and the Skal diuided but into .12 partes any reasonable man may haue the vse thereof But if it be diuided into .48 or .60 partes then it dooth require Arithmetike which is not in many persons Wherfore I doo thinke the Skall that is diuided into .12 partes to be most necessary and
dystance that is .24 foote whether that it be any marke vpon a Hyll or valley or the height of any Towre or Steeple c. Yf that it be .2 degrees higher or lower then the marke shall be higher or lower then the grounde that you doo stand vpon by the .30 part of the distaunce and the distaunce being .28 score the Marke shall bee higher or lower by .48 foote And Furthermore if that the marke bee higher or lower by 3. degrees then the thynge shall be higher or lower then the grounde that you doe stande vpon by the .20 part of the distance that is .72 foote And Furthermore if that the marke be higher or lower by .4 degrees then the thing shall be higher or lower by the .5 part of the dystance that is .96 foote And further more if the thinge be higher or lower by .5 degrees then the thing so taken shall bee higher or lower then the grounde that you stande vpon by the .12 part of the distance that is .120 foote c. And furthermore by this meanes or order you may knowe the distance vnto any shyppe vpon the sea or Ryding in any Hauen or Harborowe you knowing the hight of any Towre or Clyffe or any Hyll vpon the sea Coste howe many foote that is higher then the water and you may knowe it eyther by the partes of the Skall or els by the degrees as for an ensample the Towre or Hil or Clyffe to be .60 foote higher then the superficiall of the water and the .60 foote is one score And if you do se the shipe at one degree lower then the horizon then it shall be .60 score vnto the ship and if at .2 degrees then it shall be .30 score vnto the ship if at .3 degrees then it shal be .20 score vnto the ship if at .4 degrees then it shall be .15 score vnto the ship if .5 degrees then it shal be .12 score vnto the shippe if .6 degrees then it shall be .10 score vnto the shyppe but if the shyppe be nearer the degrees wyll serue no turne but wyll be erronious Wherefore you must vse the partes of the Scall as .5 degrees and the part one is all of lyke dystance for the hyght of the Towre Clyffe or hyll beeing .60 foote in hyght aboue the shippe that is iust one score at .5 degrees the dystance vnto the shyppe is .12 score And also at the parte one the distance is .12 score in lyke maner c. and at the parte .2 the dystance vnto the shyppe is .6 score and at the part .3 the dystance vnto the shyppe shal be .4 score and at the part .6 but .2 score and at the part .12 the dystance from the foote of the Clyffe or Towre vnto the shyppe shal be but one score that is iust the heyght of the Towre or Clyffe c. Furthermore you may knowe if that you be on the sea whither that one shyppe be hygher or lower of borde then the other shyppe and howe much and also whither the one shyppe dooeth ouertoppe the other shyppe you may knowe howe much so that shee bee not aboue a myle from you as thys by the lyne of the horizon lacke what place so euer that you doo see iust with the horizon is equall in height with your eye neyther higher nor lower whither that you bee one the Sea or vpon the lande and then you being in a shippe on the Sea and you do desier for too knowe whither that the other shyppe be higher or lower of borde then that shippe that you are in then looke Vppon the other shpppe at what place that the horizon quoteth and if you doo see the horizon ouer the other shyppe then your shippe is higher of borde then the other ship and if that you woulde knowe howe muche then goe too a lower place in your owne shyppe vntill suche time that you doo see the Horizon iust with that part that you doo desire to knowe the heigth of and then standing styl looke what part of your owne ship that the Horizon quoateth that part of the ship is iust equal with the other shyp neither higher nor lower then to knowe whether that the other shippes top of her Mast be higher or lower then your ships then goe vp or sende one to the top and if that the other ships top be higher then the Horizon then the other ships top is higher by so muche as you doo see aboue the Horizon but if that you doo see the Horizon ouer the top of the other ship then your ship is the higher and then to knowe howe much come downe lower vntyll you doo bring the other ships top vnto the Horizon then at the iust heigth of your eye is the true heigth of the other ships top neither higher nor lower and then looke howe much it is higher then your eye vnto the top so much your top is higher then the other ships top c. And also you being on the lande you may knowe whether one ship be higher of boorde then the other and also whether the one ship dooth ouertop the other ship as this by the quoting of the Horizon vpon both the ships as this If you be either in a Towre or any high house neare the sea coast or els at the foote of any hyl eyther Then if that you desyre for to know which of the shyppes be the higher of boord or els the hygher topped then ascende or descend vntil that you doo see the horizon iust with the hygher part of the ship and then looke vpon the other shippe and then if that the other ship be hygher then the Horizon then that ship is so much hygher of borde from the quotyng of the Horizon vpwards and then if that you would know how many foote then ascend vpwards vntil that you doo see the vpper part of the ship iuste with the horizon then looke how many foote and ynches that you were hygher then you were before and so many foote the Ship is higher then the other ship iust And by this order you maye knowe howe muche one ship is higher topped then the other And by thys order you maye knowe whether one Towre is higher then another or one house higher then an other And also whether that one hyl be higher then another c. And furthermore by this meanes you doo knowe whether that one shyp dooth ouertop the other then you may knowe how many foote it is from the top of any ship vnto the water by the heigth of your owne shippes top and the heigth being knowen then you may knowe the distance vnto any ship sailing on the sea so that shee be not too farre of by the partes of the Skal and also by the degrees as before is rehearsed going so lowe as you can in your owne ship and then to consider howe muche that you are aboue the water c. And thus I doo ende the conclusion
Meridians of both the Latitudes added together that is to saye as afore is rehearsed .2018 times 2018. and of that there commeth 4072324. Then multiplye the distaunce betweene the 2. paralels in it selfe that is to saye 1210. times 1210. of that multyplycation there commeth .1264100 Then I must adde or put both these nuÌ„bers together and these 2. numbers being both together are 5536424. This beinge done you must extract the square roote of this number and the square roote of 5536424. maketh 2352. And 4520 4704. parte and that doeth contayne in myles from Hierusalem to London by a right lyne ouer the Sea and the Land 2352 miles and neare 25 26. partes of a myle the iust distaunce betweene Hierusalem and the Citie of London So that the longitudes and the latituds be true Yet furthermore for your better Ensample by the Citie of Venice as the longitude of London is 19. degrees and 54. minutes the longitude of Venice is 35. degrees 30. minutes Therefore substract or draw 19 degrees 54. minutes out of 35. degrees .30 minutes the residue shal be 15. degrees 36. minutes Then Venice is 15. degrees .36 minutes to the Eastwarde of London then the latitude of London being 51. degrees and 32. minutes the latitude of Venice is 44. degrees and 45. minutes Then take 44. degrees 45. minutes out of 51. degrees 32. minutes the remnaunt shall be 6. degrees 47. minutes So that Venice is 6. degrees 47. minutes to the South part of London Then you shall multiply the number of degrees of longitude into miles and fyrst for the paralell of London as afore is declared .37 myles to one degree and the degrees of longitude being .15 degrees .36 mynutes you shall multiplye 15. times 37. and that commeth to 555. Then there is 36. minutes more and that commeth to 22. miles more Then put .22 vnto .555 and that maketh .577 myles the distaunce betweene London and the Meridian of Venice Then you must seeke how many miles wyll answer to one degree in the paralel of Venice that commeth to 43. miles to a degree Then multiply the degres of longitude by the number of miles in that paralel that is 15. times 43. and that commeth to 645 then the 36 minutes more commeth vnto neare 26. miles Then put .26 vnto .645 and that maketh .671 so that it is .671 miles from Venice vnto the Meridian of London Then put both these numbers together that is to say the distaunce betweene the Meridian of London and the Meridian of Venice in the paralell of London and the paralell of Venice the one beinge 577. myles and the other 671. miles and those 2. numbers being both together maketh 1246. Then take halfe that number for your East and West line that commeth vnto 623. And now I doe conclude that Venice is East from London 623. miles Then you must multiplye the degrees of latitude into miles 60. myles to one degree and the Latitude of Venice being 6. degrees to the South parte of London therfore I multiply .6 times .60 and that commeth vnto .360 then there is 47. minutes more and that maketh .47 miles then put 47. vnto 360. then it wyll be 407. This being done multiplye the myles of longitude in it selfe as 623. times 623. and that commeth vnto 388129. Then multyplye the latitude in it selfe that is to say 407. times 407. and that commeth vnto 165649. then adde or put both these numbers together that is to saye 388129. and 165649. and that maketh 553778. And now you must seeke the square roote of both these nuÌ„bers added together by extracting of rootes that wil be 744 â—2 744. part and that it is neare â…™ part of a myle So I doe conclude that the distaunce from Venice to London by a right lyne ouer the Sea and Lande is 744. myles and â…™ part of a myle so that the longitude and the latitude be truly taken And thus may you doe by all other Townes and places situate vpon the face of the whole earth whether that the distaunce bee much or litle so that you may knowe the true longitude and the true latitude and so resort to the true length of the Paralel as afore is declared The thirde Chapter sheweth how for to knowe vnto what quarter of the World any place doth stande from you that is to saye by what poynte of the Compasse you knowinge the true Longitude and the true Latitude c. ANd furthermore you knowinge the true longitude and the true latitude of any Towne vpon the face of the whole earth then you may know vnto what quarter of the worlde it doth beare or stand from you that is to say by what poynt of the Compasse as this If a-that any two places haue both one longitude that is to say one Meridyan line hath an other latitude that is to say that the North pole is raised more degrees then yours is then it is North from you if fewe degrees then that beareth South from you And also if that it hath your longitude and haue the South pole aboue the Horizon then in lyke manner the place is due South from you c. And furthermore if any two places haue all one latitude and hath another longitude being both in one paralel and if that it haue more degrees in longitude then your towne hath then that Citie towne or place is vnto the Eastwardes of you If fewer degrees in longitude then your Towne hath then it is West from your Citie Towne or place as in the Chapter going before is declared If that it be more degrees in longitude then your Citie Towne or place hath by .180 degrees then that place is West from you although both the places haue one latitude that is to say in one paralell And then to knowe how many myles you must first note the degrees of longitude that it hath from the Meridian of the Canary Ilande and then rebate that out of .360 and then adde or put vnto that number of the longitude of your owne place and so multiply the number of myles in that paralel that shall shew vnto you the nuÌ„ber of myles that the Citie Towne or place is vnto the Westwarde of your place and the reason thereof is this for that the circumference of the earth is to goe from the East vnto the West is .360 degrees and halfe that number is .180 degrees And then if that it be more degrees then it is Westwardes from you and if that it be but iuste 180. degrees then it is opposyte or ryght against your place that is neither East nor West nor no poynt of the compasse els if that both the places were vnder the Equinoctiall or els if that the one haue the North pole and the other haue the South pole both of one altitude or heyght aboue the Horizon For then the one should be Antipodies the one vnto the other that is to say the
Amerrica or Bay of Mexico and so reuerseth backe agayne and so thorowe the Cannel or Chanell of Bayhaina between the Cappe of Terra Florriday the great Ilande of Coba goyng from the West into the East which is the cause that those that doo go into the West Indies doo fyrst goe to the Cannaries and so to the Westwardes to the intent to haue the currant to the Westwardes into the Bay of Mexico and then when they doo returne home then they doo go by the North part of the Bay of Mexico through the chanel of Baphamea for that the currant dooth reuerse backe from the West into the East so that they haue the currant or streame to help them backe home agayne c. And theÌ„ in lyke maner partlye the currant that commeth about Cape bone sperance being beaten by the mayne lande of America as is sayde before part runneth or goeth thorowe the strayght of Magalenus and partly thorowe the great Golfe or Bay of Mexico as before is rehearsed and part dooth reuerse or goe backe alongest the coast of the South land that lyeth on the South side of the straightes of Magalenus where the South pole or pole Anterticke is raysed more theÌ„ .50 degrees and so goeth backe from the West into the East alongest the South Coast vntyl it dooth come into the East Occian sea agayne c. And this is the principallest currant as those that doo occupie those partes by sea doo knowe and these currantes are wel knowen to runne continually alwayes one way c. The seconde sort of currantes or streames is this as it is seene in dyuers places that they shall haue a currant or streame where it dooth not ebbe flow that alwayes doth goe vnto the windewards But that neuer happeneth but in the tyme of great wind and the cause thereof is this that the sea beyng wrought or troubled with great stormes of wynd dooth rayse great bellowes or waues or great knottes in the sea and that runneth rollyng with the wynde and dooth cause the water too bee vnleuell or vneuen as it is the nature of water to seeke to the lower partes tyll that it doth come vnto his leuel so by that meanes as the wind beareth the water in the sea with great waues or bellowes so the currant in the water dooth goe agaynst the wynd to come vnto his leuel againe as the experience thereof is seene in dyuers places where it dooth not ebbe and flowe as in the myddle earth sea or leuant seas and within the SouÌ„d that is to say within Elson Nore that hath narrowe enterances and yet is great seas within which dooth take away the effect of ebbing and flowing for that the straight is not sufficient to let in water yeâ—â—ugh for to cause it too ebbe and flowe And this effecte in lyke manner is many tymes seene sometyme on the coast of Barbary and in such other lyke places where it dooth not ebbe and flowe c. The thirde sort of currants or streames that runneth in the Sea where it dooth not ebbe and flowe as by experience is seene in diuers places is caused by the sailyng into the Sea of some great and myghty Ryuer that the lande water commyng forceably downe the Ryuer and so emptyeth or runneth into the Sea dooth cause a currant to goe in the sea agaynst the mouth of the Ryuer as it is seene in the middle earth Sea agaynst the mouth of Nilus and also it is many tymes seene in the North partes at the spryng of the yeare when the Snowe and the Ise is melted or consumed into water And then agaynst the mouthes of such Ryuers as doo emptye them into those seas dooth cause a great currant to runne a great distance from the lande in such places as this effect happeneth in those seas c. The eyght Chapter sheweth the cause that the waters of the Sea are salt c. AND furthermore as touchyng the naturall cause that the water of the Sea is salt whereas the opinion of some Authors is as Aristotle other that it is made salte by the powers of the Sunne by the drawing of the fyne substance of the water vp into the ayre the Sea is made salt by that meanes Then if that were the whole cause theÌ„ the water of the Sea shoulde be most saltest vnder or neare the Equinoctiall For that the Sunne hath a greater force by the meanes of the direction of the shadow of the Sunne whereby the Sunne shoulde drawe or distil it more faster then it dooth in any of the other Clymates Yet notwithstandyng it is seene by experience that the water of the Sea is as salte in the Latitude of .60 degrees in the Occian Sea as it is vnder the Equinoctiall And as some haue sayde it is as salte in Iselande and at the North Cappe which is within the Polle or Cyrcle neare fyue degrees And there the Sunne cannot haue any great power for that the Sunne hath but a very glaunsyng shadowe in Iune And in the Wynter part of the yeare the Sunne wyll not appeare or ryse vnto them in the space of tenne Weekes And furthermore if the water of the sea were made salte onely by the powers of the Sunne then those seas must needes become freshe by another great cause and that is this For in the Spring of the yeare in the meltyng of the Snowe and the Ise there falleth such abundance of freshe water that it would make it freshe and yet the water is verye salt insomuch that in dyuers places in the North parte they doo make salt of the sea water although that it is not made by the heate or powers of the Sunne as it is made in Spayne and in Fraunce for that they doo make it in Scotlande with the heate of the fyre so as some haue sayde it is made in Rosey not farre from Sainct Nicolas And furthermore as it may be prooued the water is not made salt by the power of the Sunne for that the heade of the great Ryuer Nylus that commeth from the Mountaynes of the Moone hath Latitude beyond the Equinoctial twelue degrees And so in sundry places standeth in sundry great pooles not farre from the Equinoctial and so passeth from vnder the Equinoctiall vnto the Northwards and dooth empty it selfe in the middle earth sea and yet that water is fresh and not salt So that it is manifest that the powers of the Sun are not altogether the cause that the water of the sea is salt Wherfore in mine opinion the water of the sea is become salt by the Minerals or substance of the nature of the ground which is salt properly of it self and so mollified or soked that it turneth vnto water hauing anye moysture or lyquor to come vnto it As for an ensample that in sundrie places it is knowen that there is Salt found and dygged out of the ground and is perfect Salt and
occupied or furnished with some of the elementall substances so that rather then any hollow or concaue place in the earth shall bee vacant ayre wyll seeke thither if it were in the very Center of the earth For as is sayde before if water bee able to seeke passage through the vaines in the earth then much rather the ayre shall doo it for that it is much thinner subtiller then water although that ayre wyll geue place vnto water by his ponderousnes or waight c. The tenth Chapter sheweth the reason howe America and all the Ilandes and newe found Countries and Lands became peopled and of what posteritie they be come of c. AND furthermore as touchinge the vaine argumentes and opinions of some people as touching the discouering of a number of Landes and Ilandes that haue not beene founde nor knowne but within litle more then .100 yeares as all America and a number of Countries and great and small Ilandes more none of them of any quantitie or bignesse for that they are peopled and for that they are peopled I haue harde some vayne and foolish arguments therof why there shoulde be people there for that these Countries or places were neuer knowen before except there were any more Adams then one or any more â—oyes theÌ„ one So we may see by experience how apt a nuÌ„ber of people are to fal into errours vsyng most vayne and contentious argumentes in those matters that are past their capacitie whiche is a great offence before God and also to the euiâ—l Ensample vnto the world vnto such as doo heare of the same For it is no smal errour for vs to fal into for to think that there was anâ—more Adams in the world then one for that it is vtterly against all the Canonycall Scriptures and also it is as great an errour to say that there were saued any more people after the deluge or flood more then Nâ—y and his famyly that was in the Arke with him as it is manyfestly declared in Genesis c. Wherefore I thinke it not hurtfull to shewe my opinion as concerning how all America became peopled with all the other new founde landes and Ilandes lying in the sea wheresoeuer they be c. Fyrste thus my opinyon is that America is parte of the great Ilande called Atlantida as it is further declared in the eight Chapter goyng before that the Kinges of the Ilande dyd gouerne a great part of Europe and Africa and accordyng vnto some Authors that the Kings of that Ilande were the sonnes of Neptunus then that dooth sygnifye that there was a trade or occupying of Shipping betweene these knowne partes and that great Ilande and then when that great Ilande dyd synke as before is declared the Sea Atlanticus was so full of mudde that it coulde not bee sayled in longe time afterwardes And by the Ensample of America that all the Ilande dyd not synke but the Westermost parte dyd remayne still Although this happened long beefore the commyng of Christ and as before is declared the great store of mud and fylth that dyd remayne in the Sea was the onely cause that dyd let the Trafficke and passage betweene vs in these knowne partes and them that were vnknowne vnto vs in all this long time of this mud remayning in the Sea so long time that those men that were the Sea men in those dayes were of long time dead before the Sea was cleare of the mudde And also those sea men as it is to be gathered that were in the Ilande dyd perishe by the meanes of the sinking of the East syde of that great Ilande Wherfore it is to be gathered that those that were in these partes dyd neuer attempt to seeke any Lande that wayes to the Westwardes neither those that were remayning vpon that part of the Ilande that dyd not synke dyd neuer attempt to seeke any Lande vnto the Eastwardes And in lyke manner they could not so conueniently doo it for that they had no Shipping to goe vnto the Sea but small Boats called Cannouses which be occupyed to no other purpose or vse but onely to goe on fyshing or els to transport themselues from Ilande vnto Ilande neare vnto the mayne c. And yet it is possible that some people might passe out of these partes by shipping although they neuer made any returne agayne but might tarry there and inhabite in those parts And now insomuch that it is knowen that they had boates and dyd transport them selues from place vnto place and from Iland vnto Iland before the fynding of the mayne land of America So it is not to be meruayled at why al the Ilands in the sea that are of any quantitie haue people in them considering that they had in al those partes the vse of Boates from the beginning after Noy or what time we had Boates. c. And nowe furthermore as touching the great fyrme land that lyeth to the Southeâ—wards beyond the Equinoctiall about .50 degrees is extended vnto the South partes no man in these partes dooth knowe and it is peopled too and the people thereof may come out of America for there is nothing to let them but a narrowe â—â—a called the straight of Magalenus and they hauing the vse of Boates howe easily is it to be passed So that there can be no Iâ—and lying in the sea neare vnto America that is of any bygnesse but that it is peopled whether it be to the Eastwardes towards vs or to the West partes in the South Sea or the East Ocean Sea c. And furthermore as it dooth appeare in the Scriptures that Noy had three sonnes that is to say Sem Ham and Iaphet and that Sem the eldest sonne of Noye dyd inhabite the partes of Africa and Cham or Ham the seconde sonne of Noy dyd inhabite the partes of Asia and Iaphet the youngest sonne of Noy dyd inhabite Europe and the Ilandes in the sea as the great Ilande Atlantida nowe called America and that the Kinges of that greate Ilande were the sonnes of Neptunus and the people the posteritie of Iaphet the youngest sonne of Noy c. FINIS ⧠A Table of the Contentes of the Chapters of the fyfth and last booke called a Treasure for Trauaylers To the reader of the fifth and last booke The first Chapter of the fifth booke sheweth the natural causes how sandes bankes bee ingendred or made hoth in the seâ— and riuers c. The second Chapter sheweth the naturall causes of Marish ground and other plaine meddows or ground by the sydes of ryuers c. The third Chapter sheweth the natural cause of the high cliffes by the sea coasts c. The fourth Chapter sheweth the natural cause why the Beach the great bolder stones on the sea coasts is become rouÌ„d smooth without any edges or corners c. The fyfth chapter sheweth the naturall causes of the rockes in the sea c. The sixth Chapter
sheweth the natural cause of the ebbing and flowing of the sea and the ebbyng and flowing of hauens and riuers c. The seuenth chapter sheweth the cause of currantes and streames that runne in the sea in such places where it dooth not ebbe and flowe of currantes or streames in the sea there are three seueral sortes in the chapter it doth appeare c. The eight chapter sheweth the natural cause that the water in the Sea is salt c. The ninth chapter is as touching the cause of earthquakes The tenth chapter sheweth the reason howe America and all the Ilandes and newe founde landes and countries became peopled and of what posteriritie that they be come of c. FINIS Faultes escaped in printing The fyrst Booke fol. pa lyâ—e faultes Correction 3 1 20 set the situate 3 2 8 marking making 3 2 24 make marke 4 1 9 of that or that are 5 1 11 for lyne for the line 5 1 12 other side â—thelida 5 1 13 ridge ring 5 1 last the heigth 0 5 1 last measure of the that measure 7 1 12 and the and at the 8 2 13 standinges places 9 1 20 as is 10 2 8 lye by 12 1 11 there then 12 1 20 the line should the line y e shoulde 13 1 1 there though 14 2 3 thence there 14 2 23 12 into 12. 15 2 12 28 24 15 2 19 5 15 16 1 23 lacke looke 17 1 1 doo mays 17 2 4 staffe transuastorie 18 2 many transytorie transuastorie 18 2 many ringes wynges 19 1 many transytorie transuastorie 20 1 32 that their 22 2 16 part put 27 2 22 by too 28 1 7 52 32 29 2 10 and halfe of 29 2 22 the chapter the .8 Chapter The second Booke fo pa. line faultes Correction 1 1 22 vnto and vnto 3 1 8 90 60 7 1 13 Southwest South Southwest 9 1 10 32. put put 10 1 11 30. degr 49. 50. degrees .12 9 2 20 â—ondon land 11 1 2 54 16 12 1 13 36 360 13 1 30 Eison More â—â—on Nore 15 1 7 Cappe hyll Ape hyll 15 1 13 18 25 15 1 15 London London .10 mi. 15 1  the longest day the day .14 hours .35 mi.   15  15 1  minuts southeast minuts â—nd is Southeast   24 vnder the tropick of Cancer 16 1 25 0 19 1 11 East and South East by south 19 1 30 7 98 19 2 30 Maria in Aria 21 2 11 25 52 22 1 33 20 4 22 2 2 12 4 The thirde Booke fo pa line faultes Correction 3 1 28.29 that that that 3 2 12 of a boord of boord 5 1 2 be corner be from corner 5 1 3 22 32 7 1 4 leuel beuel 7 1 11 leuel beuel 14 2 9 with the within the 15 1 12 30 3. quarters 15 1 19 racking raking 15 1 32 whole holde 16 2 15 would haue haue 19 1 22 13. ynches 10. ynches The fourth Booke fol. pa. lin faultes Correction 3  24 as is 4 1 last targed karged 5 1 27 maâ— may 7 1 30 with which 7 1 53 multiply by multiply that by 8 2 23 in the mould of mettall in the mould of wood  2 31 8 2 5 led raysed or highed 11 1 1 neare as needes 12 2 18 30. 36. 12 2 32 waight the waight that the 12 1 23 one kind of one kynde 14 2 6 by the proportioÌ„ oâ— the by proportioÌ„ the 17 1 19 hang chaunge 18 1 22 hâ—eâ— heeâ—d 18 1 3 to hold to heeld 19 1 18 collect calke 19 1 â— in yenough 19 1 24 carying carenyng 19 2 30 cartienes Capâ—tynes The fyfth Booke fol. pa. lin faultes Correction 5 2 6 mould mouth 6 1 2 so assynges suffâ—ngâ—s 8 1 8 suites sortes 8 2 5 suâ—fâ—â—nges suffâ—nges 8 2 22 sea it sea as it 9 1 3 Ireland England 9 2 4 souâ—â—inges suffinges 9 2 19 rounded couered 11 1 15 in at 13 1 6 beaten leâ—ten 15 1 12 wast West 6 2 3 meayne mayne 11 1 30 traâ—t attract 11  26 hygher hygh or ¶ Imprinted at London for Thomas Woodcocke dwelling in Paules Churchyarde at the sygne of the blacke Beare 1578. The fyrst booke The seconde booke The thirde booke The fourth booke The fyfth booke Geometric perspectiue Cosmographia Geometric general Staticke Naturall Philosophie Discouragement Bookes are written to the intent to teach the vnlearned No person is to be disliked that doth his good wyll to doe good Persons that are to be dislyked Abuses of Englande Magical Inchauntment is a great dishonoring of God What maner of christian is he that desyreth to be familiar with the diuell The vertuousnesse of the Queenes maiestie is our preseruation The abuses of al degrees Couetousnes is called good husbandrie Pride is clenlinesse swearing lustinesse drunkennesse good fellowshyppe Whoredome friendship 〈◊〉 a tricke of youth The first cause that man is borne for is to serue God The seconde cause that man is borne is to serue his countrey Thirdly man is borne to labour to lyue The causes of al degrees The fyrst cause The second cause Good members in a coÌ„mon weale What maner of persons are the meetest to be Trauailers What a Trauailer should consider of What persons are of valure in the common weale A Circle A Centre A Circumference A Diametre A Foote A Yarde A pase Geometrical A simple stop of yarde A rase is two steppâ—s 12. pases is a score that is 20. yardes A myle is a 1000. pases that is .5000 foote or 1666. yardes and 3. A Rod is .16 foote .2 of land measure and 18. foote is a Rod of woode measure .6 foote is a fadome and .833 fadome is a myle The maâ—â—ng of the Quadrant with the Skal The vse of the degrees What to obserue in taking of height with the Skall Vpright shadow at on station Ensample Ensamples of two fashions or standinges Ensample oâ— contrary shadow Ensâ—mple in the taking of the poynt of a height How to know distance by the shadowe An ensample To know how much the one Towre is higher or lower than another Ensamples To know how much any Tower is lower then that you be on Ensamplâ— â–ª To knowe the height of a hill To know the length of the Hipothenusall Lyne by the extracting of the roote To knowe the widenesse of waters An ensample To knowe the length of the slope lyne by the extract of the Roote To know howe much any place is higher or lower then the placeth it you are on whether that it be on Towre Steeple â—l Clyffe of valley c. An ensample To know howe much any place is hygher or lower by degrees An ensample of shyps on the water An ensample An ensample of shyps on the water To know whether my shyp be higher or lower of boord then another and whether the one dooth ouertop the other and howe To know howe much one house ship towre or hyl is higher then the other The