the said Kings hands by the dissolution of the Priory of Trewardreth in the said Countie of Cornewall And also the Mannors of Breadford Cauerdon Clymesland Pryor Treworgy Stratton Eastway Bowyton Bradrissey Bucklawrue and Bonyaluey which came to the said Kings hands by the surrender and suppression of the Priory of Lanceston All which Mannors so newly granted vnto the said Dutchie were by the said Act of Parliament so annexed thereunto as were the said Castle and honour of VVallingford and the members and parcels of the same before the making of the same Act of Parliament any Act Law vsage or custome to the contrary notwithstanding And thus much concerning the reuenues locall and called in the lawes Heâ—editamenta corporea and of annuall value which were either originally giuen by King Edward the Third and afterward by Patent conferred or by Act of Parliament in liew of other lands granted vnto the said Dutchie which threefold distinction of the said reuenues is here made and induced to this end that it might be obserued that those Castles Lordships Mannors and Lands which were either first giuen vnto the said Dutchie and established by Act of Parliament or lastly giuen by Act of Parliament in liew of other the lands seuered from the said Dutchie might appeare so to be annexed vnto the said Dutchie by the intent and meaning of the said Acts of Parliament and so knit and conioyned thereunto as that they should not be alienated therefrom and are of more validitie in that respect then the reuenues of the second sort which were onely conferred by Letters Patents without helpe of Parliament and therefore not so firmely vnited vnto the said Dutchie as are those two former kindes mentioned Inheritances of casuall value belonging to the said Dutchie were these 1 The Duke hath granted vnto him and his heires inheritable vnto the said Dutchie yeerely to elect choose create and make the Sheriffe of Cornewall in such sort as the King himselfe doth elect the Sheriffes of other Counties 2 The Prises Customes of all Wines brought into these Ports of the said Countie of Cornewall and the profits of the Ports and Hauens there and the Customes of all Wooll Leather and Woollsels shipped to be transported out of the said Dutchie to be collected by Officers appointed by the said Duke wrecke of the Sea and the prerogatiue of all Royall Fishes taken and brought to land within the said Countie the Hundred Courts and Countie Courts and the profits thereof The prises and Customes of Wines of the Port of Sutton which is now called Plymouth and is partly with in the Countie of Deuon Also the said Duke hath free warren in all his said landsgranted Also hee hath the liberty and returning of all Writs and summons directed to the Sheriffe of the said Countie which shall not be returned but by the Officers of the said Duke for the time being Also the goods and chattels of all Felons and Fugitiues being Tenants of the said Dutchie And the benefit of all Fines imposed for any trespasse or crime fynable and all Fynes to be paid for Licences to leuye any Fyne or Concord of record And all Ame cements Issues and Forfeitures and the yeere day and wast streepe and spoile of the lands of such as are Tenants of the said Dutchy vpon murthers or Felons by them committed and whereof they shall be attainted and likewise the Escuage of all Tenants holding by Knights seruice which they are to pay being assessed in Parliament for their faile of seruice absence not being with the King when he should make any Army or voyage Royall against his enemies whereby such escuage doth come due Also there is annexed vnto the said Dutchie the Stannaries and profits of the Coynage of Tynne within the said Counties of Deuon and Cornewall For the better vnderstanding whereof it is to be obserued that in the said Counties being in many parts thereof mountanous full of wast grounds and Moores there is found great quantities of Tynne the purest best and most plentifullest in Europe by reason whereof it hath euer beene accounted one of the Staple Commodities of this Kingdome and of good estimation in forraigne regions These Mynes of Tynne in these West parts of the kingdome were not vnknowne to the Romanes as appeareth by Diodorus Siculus who liued in the time of Augustus the Emperour aboue 1600. yeeres sithence and who thus writeth thereof Britanij qui iuxta Velerium promontorium incolunt mercatorum vsum qui co Stanneri gratia nauigant humaniores reliquis ergahospites habentur Hiexterra Saxosa cuius venas sâ—quuti effodiunt Stannum ignem eductum in quandam Insulam ferunt Britanicum iuxta quam Ictam vocant maris fluxu videntur insulae cum vero refluit exsicato interiecto littore curribus co Stannum deferunt c. Ex hijs Insulis mercatores emptum Stannum in Galliam portant inde diebus fere triginta cum equis ad fontem Eridani fluminis perducunt That Promontorie which he calleth Velerium by the iudgement of all learned in Cosmographie is now called the Lyzard and is scituate in the West part of Cornewall The Island that he calleth Icta is the Wight and that which he saith was an Island and at the Floud and at low water passable from the mayne is a true description of Portland as it is at this day being not farre from the I le of Wight vnto which place out of Cornewall the Tynne was brought to be transported into France from whence it was carried thirty dayes iourney on horsebacke and so ouer the Alpes into Italy euen to the Fountaines of Eredanus as he saith which is the Riuer now called the Po in Piemont and Lumbardy I doe alledge his authority the rather for that he in a manner set out the laborious search for Tynne in those dayes euen as it is vsed by the Spaliard at this day with great industrie and paines Hi ex terra Saxosa venas sequunti effodiunt Stannum c. All the moores and wastes wherein the Tynne is found being of ancient time belonging to the Kings and many of the said moores at this day being parcell of this Dutchie of Cornewall The Kings of this land in former times haue cast their Princely care to establish a good and orderly mannaging of the said Commoditie and haue endowed the Tynners with sundry priuiledges for their good gouernement thereby the more to encourage them in the search of Tyn. And thereupon by ancient Charters the whole Company and body of Tynners in euery of the said Counties of Deuon and Cornewall are cast and diuided in foure seuerall Stanneryes or Iurisdictions In euery of which Stanneries there is a Court to minister iustice in all causes personall arising betweene Tynner and Tynner and betweene Tynner Forraigner and also for and concerning the right and ownership of Tynne Mynes and the disposition thereof except in causes of land life and member
rebellions and disorders the kings of England deuised their Scutagium or Escuage as it is called in the Lawes of England that is to leuy ayd assistance of their tenants in England which held of them Per Seruitium militare to suppresse such disordred Welsh tanquaÌ„ Rebelles and Non hostes as Rebells and not as forraine Enemies And hence it is that King Henry the third vpon those often reuolts of the Welsh indeuored to resume the Territory of Wales as forfeit vnto him selfe and conferred the same vpon Edward the Longshanckes his heire apparant yet neuerthelesse rather in title then in possession or vpon any profit obteyned thereby For the former prince of Wales continued his gouernment notwithstanding this betweene whome and the said Edward warres were continued Whereof when the said Edward complained to King Henry the third his father the said King made this answer as recordeth Matthew Paris a Cosmographer liuing in that time Quid ad me terra tua est ex dono meo Exerevires primitiuas famam excita iuuenilem et de caetero timeant inimici c. But the Charter of this gift is not now readilie to be found among the Records For after this time it appeareth by the Records of the Tower of London that by the mediation of Othâ—bon Deacon Cardinal of S Andrews a peace was concluded between the then Prince of the Welsh blood and the said Henry the 3. which neuerthelesse as it seemeth continued not long for sundry battells were fought betweene the said Edward both before and after he was King of England Lewlyn the last Prince of the Welsh blood and Dauid his brother vntill both the said Prince his said brother were ouercome by the said Edward after he was King of England and who thereby made a finall and full conquest of Wales annexing the same vnto the Crowne of England diuiding some parts thereof into Shires and appointing Lawes for the gouernment of that people Although the Welsh nation doe not willingly acknowledge such conquest but referres it rather to composition The words of the Statute made in Wales at Ruthlan presently vpon the conquest are these Diuina Prouidentia quae in sui dispositione non fallitur inter alia dispensationis munera quibus nos regnum nostrum Angliae decorari dignata est Terram Waliae cum incolis suis prius nobis iure fendali subiectam jam sui gratia in proprietatis nostrae dominium obstaculis quibuscunque non obstantibus totaliter et cum integritate conuertit et corona Regni pradicti tanquam partem corporis eiusdem annexit et vniuit This Territory of Wales thus being vnited the said King Edward vsed meanes to obtaine the peoples good will to strengthen that which he had gotten by effusion of blood with the beneuolence of his Subiects of Wales who promised their harty and most humble obedience if it would please the King either to remaine among them him selfe in person or else to appoint vnder him a gouernour ouer them that was of their owne nation cuntrey The King thereupon purposing a pretty policie sendeth for the Queene then being greate with Child to come vnto him into Wales who being deliuered of a sonne in the Castle of Carnaruon in Wales called by reason thereof Edward of Carnarnon the King thereupon sent for all the Barons of Wales tooke their assurance and submission according to their offers formerly made if they should haue a gouernour of their owne nation affirming vnto them that he was then ready to name vnto them a Gouernour borne in their Countrey and who could not speake any word of English whose life and conuersation no man was able to staine and required their promise of obedience whereunto they yeelding the King thereupon named vnto them his said sonne borne at Carnaruon Castle a few dayes before vnto whom the Barons of Wales afterwards made their homage as appeareth Anno 29 E 1. at Chester The said Edward of Carnaruon after the death of his father was King of England by the name of King Edward the second liuing in a turbulent time betweene him and his Barons was afterwards deposed for his ill gouernment and came to a violent death in the Castle of Barkeley and Edward his sonne by the name of King Edward the third reigned in his steade Neuerthelesse this Edward the third being called Edward of Windsor in the life of his father was created Prince of Wales and Duke of Aquitane in a Parliamant holden at Yorke Edward the third in a Parliament holden at Westminster in the fifteenth yeare of his reigne created Edward his eldest sonne surnamed the blacke Prince Prince of Wales being then of tender yeeres and inuested him in the said Principalitie with these ensignes of honour and as in the Charter is conteined Per sertum in capite et annulum in digitâ— aureuÌ„ ac virgam argenteam iuxta moreÌ„ By a Chaplet of Gould made in the manner of a Garland for the word SertuÌ„ importeth by a gould ring set on his finger and by verdge Rod or Scepter of Siluer how be it in the inuesture of the succeeding Princes this Rod or Scepter as appeareth by the Charters of their seuerall creations was changed into a verge of gould The said King for the better maintainance of the said Prince his sonne in honorable support according to such his state and dignity gaue vnto him by his Charter dated the twelfth of May in the seuenth yeere of his reigne of England and in the fourth yeere of his reigne of France and inrolled in the Exchequer in the Terme of S. Hillary in the eighteenth yeere of the said King Edward the third The said Principality and the Mannors Lordships Castles and Lands ensuing to appertaine to the said Principalitie viz. All his Lordships and Lands in Northwales Westwales and Southwales 1 The Lordship Castle towne and County of Carnaruon 2 The Lordship Castle and towne of Conway 3 The Lordship Castle and towne of Crucketh 4 The Lordship Castle and towne of Bewmarish 5 The Lordship Castle and towne of Hardlagh 6 The Lordship Castle and townes and Countys of Anglesey and Merioneth 7 The Lordship Castle towne and County of Caermardin 8 The Lordship Castle and towne of Lampaderuaur 9 The Lordship and Stewardship of Cantermawer 10 The Lordship Castle towne and County of Cardigan 11 The Lordship Castle and Towne of Emelyn 12 The Lordship Castle and Towne of Buelt 13 The Lordship Castle and Towne of Hauerford 14 The Lordship Castle and Towne of Montgomery And all the Lands that were of Rice ap Meridick which came to the hands of King Edward the first together with all the Lordships Cities Castles Borrowes Townes Manours Members Hamlets Lands Tenements Knights fees Voydances of Bishopricks Aduowsons of Churches and of Abbeys Priories and of Hospitals with Customes and Prisages of wines The exercise and execution of
Also there was a Charter of the grant of the lands of the said Principality Earldome of Chester and Flint dated the twenty seuenth of February in the said fift yeere of the said King made vnto the said Prince The said King Henry the seuenth by his Charter bearing date the twentieth day of March in the eight yeere of his reigne did constitute and appoint the said Prince Arthur to bee his Iustice in the County of Salope Hereford Glocester and the Marches of Wales adioyning to the said Shires to enquire of all liberties priuiledges and fraunchises being possessed or claimed or which then after should be possessed or claimed by any person or persons and which were to bee seized into the Kings hands and of all escapes and fellons and those Inquisitions so from time to time to be taken to certifie into the Chancery And by the same Charter gaue him power to substitute and appoint others vnder him for the better execution of the same which after wards by commission was executed accordingly And the said King also by his Charter bearing date the fourteenth of Iune in the eight yeere of his reigne made and constituted the said Arthur Prince of Wales and Gouernor and Warden of the Marches of England towards Scotland and substituted as his Lieutenant and vice-warden vnder him Thomas Earle of Surrey for the due execution thereof Likewise the said King by his letters patents dated the fift day of Nouember in the ninth yeere of his reigne in augmentation of the reuenew of the Prince did grant vnto the said Prince the honor Castle and Lordship of Wigmore and diuers other Castles Mannors and Lands which sometime had beene belonging to the Earledome of March which came to the Crowne by King Edward the fourth who was himselfe Earle of March before he assumed his regall estate To haue and to hold during the pleasure of the King yeelding yeerly the rent of two hundred pounds This Prince was sent into the Marches of Wales for the gouernment of that Country and in the seuenteenth yeere of the reigne of the said King his father had a Councell of very wise and worthy persons assigned vnto him as namely Sir Richard Poole chiefe Chamberlaine of the said Prince Sir Henry Vernon Sir Richard Crofts Sir Dauid Phillips Sir William V dall Sir Thomas Englefield and Sir Peter Newton Knights Iohn Wilson Henry Marian Doctor William Smith President of his Councell and Doctor Charles where not long afterwards the said Prince died in the Castle of Ludlow without issue After the death of the said Prince Arthur King Henry the seuenth by his letters patents dated the eighteenth of February in the 19. yeere of his reigne in Parliament created Henry then his onely soune who after was King Henry the eight and whom before that in the 11 th he had made Lord Lieutenant of Ireland by another Charter of the same yeere Constable of the Castle of Douer to be Prince of Wales and Earle of Chester being then about the age of twelue yeeres to haue and to hold to him and his heires Kings of England for euer being the like limitation of estate and with the like inuesture as in former times had beene accustomed But whether the said King did grant the lands and reuenewes belonging to the said Principality vnto the said Prince Henry or no as hee had done vnto Prince Arthur his brother doth not appeare by any Charter that as yet thereof can be found After the death of King Henry the seuenth the said Prince Henry was King of England by the name of King Henry the eight he had issue a sonne called Henry who dyed very yong hee likewise had issue the Lady Mary afterwards Queene and the Lady Elizabeth our late Soueraigne of most happy memory and lastly Prince Edward the yongest in yeeres who first reigned after the death of his said father by the name of King Edward the sixt But there cannot be found any Charters among the records whereby it may appeare that any of them were created Princes of Wales or whereby any of the reuenewes of the said Principality were giuen or conferred vnto any of them so that it seemeth they were Princes generally by their birth and not Princes of Wales by any creation or investure for in a record of an accompt of the Dutchy of Cornwall in the time of the said Prince Edward he is called by the name of the Prince of England and not by the name of the Prince of Wales And thus much touching the succession or rancks of the Princes of Wales which I haue drawne in an historicall although a plaine and homely manner thereby the better to take away the harshnesse of the particularities of records intermingled therewith which of themselues although they affoord profitable knowledge yet they doe carry with them small delight but also for that the variety of things in those succeeding ages in the sundry occurences and accidents thereof doe yeeld good matter of obseruance and worthy memory representing as it were the English State for the time of more then two hundred yeeres together Now therefore do rest neuerthelesse three things concerning the said Principality to be further considered of First in what manner and order the said Principality and Marches of Wales were gouerned and directed vnder the said Prince Secondly what officers aswell domesticall as others the said Princes had about them and their fees as farre forth as I could come to any certaine knowledge thereof And thirdly an abstract of the reuenewes of the said Principality as they now stand in charge and be esteemed to your Maiesty whereby may bee perceiued what in time past the said reuenewes haue beene and in what case they now stand The manner of the gouernment of the Principality and Marches of Wales THe said Principality being vnder the gouernment of the Princes of the Welsh blood whose ancient patrimony yet remained vntill the Conquest thereof by King Edward the first as before hath beene shewed was guyded gouerned and directed by their owne municipall and homebred Lawes and the Customes of their Country Most of which had their commencement from the Constitutions of one of their ancient Princes called Howell Dah as their Historians haue recorded But being reduced vnder the yoke by the said King Edward he diuided certaine parts of that Territory into Shires as hath beene declared he caused the Welsh Lawes to bee perused some whereof he did allow and approue some others he did abrogate and disanull and in their place appointed new altogether according to the English manner of executing Iustice Hee caused to be deuised ce taine Briefes Writs or formulaeturis and he instituted their manner of Processe pleadings and course of their Iudiciall proceedings All which things doe manisestly appeare by the act of Parliament made at Rithlan in Wales called therefore Statutum Walliae which afore is remembred and when they want a writ of forme
same vpon his Minion Pierce de Gaueston but hee being afterwards attainted of Treason and executed the same Earledome was bestowed vpon Iohn sirnamed of Eltam because hee was borne there yonger brother to King Edward the Third who dying likewise without issue it was lastly erected into a Dutchy as hath beene said and conferred vpon Edward afterward surnamed the black Prince in the eleuenth yeere of the raigne of the said King Edward the third his father Therefore the said King Edward purposing to augment the title of his said sonne did in the Parliament holden in the eleuenth yeere of his reigne create not only the said Edward then before made Earle of Chester to be Duke of Cornwall but also to honor that publique proceeding the more did at the same time create diuers and sundry worthy persons and well deseruing to sundry dignities of nobility as by the records extant thereof doth appeare The manner of the first creation of the Duke of Cornwall was very speciall for the said dignity was conferred vnto the said Edward then Earle of Chester and to the first begotten sonnes and heires apparant of him and his heires Kings of England for euer So that it seemeth that the intention thereof was first that none should bee Dukes of Cornwall but such as were eldest sonnes and heires apparant to the Crowne and that when there was any faile of such person then the said dignity should remaine insuspence vntill such son heire apparant againe were extant Secondly that the said sonne and heire apparant without any further solemnity or creation should presently vpon his birth being then heire apparant to the King or from the time that hee is heire apparant to the Kingdome bee also Duke of Cornwall herein much differing from the order of the Principality of Wales which requireth in euery new succeeding Prince a new creation and inuesture and gift of that Principality as hath formerly appeared The truth of this assertion is made most euident by an act of Parliament in the 33. yeere of the reigne of King Henry the 6. the words whereof are these Moreouer the King considering that his said best beloued first begotten sonne at the time of his birth is Duke of Cornwall and ought of right to haue Liuery of the said Dutchy and of all Honors Lordships Signiories Castles Mannors Lands Tenements Rents Possessions Hereditaments with their appurtenances to the said Dutchy belonging or parcell of the same in any wise by the aduice assent and authority c. deliuereth and doth cause to bee deliuered to the said Prince his first begotten sonne the said Dutchy of Cornwall and all Honors Lordships Signiories Castles Mannors Lands Tenements c. with all other things Possessions and Inheritances Profits and commodities with their appurtenances to the said Dutchy annexed vnited pertaining or belonging or parcell of the same in any wise The same was after many likewise verified by the Charter of King Henry the seuenth being the Charter of Liuety made vnto Prince Arthur his sonne whereof some part followeth in these words Hemicus deigratta Angliae Franciae Rex dominus Hiberniae c. Salutem Sciatis quod nos considerantes quod regnum Angliae cuius regni soliâ—â— dei gratia portimur filij primogeniti in ducatu Cornubiae haereditario in perpetuum dicti regni nostriiure sunt successuri atque ex speciali superinde Actu promulgato primo nativitatis suae die maioris atque perfectae praesumitur aetatis fic quod liberationem dicti ducatus eo tum à nobis petere valeant atque de iure obtinere debeant acsi viginti uninius annorum aetatis plene fuissent volentes etiam uti debemus praecharissimo filio nostro primogenito Arthuro ius reddere in nullo eius iure derogare eundemque ducatum Cornubiae cum omnibus singulis suis membris atque iuribus dicto primogenito nostro sicuti caeterorum Principum temporibns bactenus fieri consuevit liberare ex certa scientia mero motu nostro acâ—de advisamento assensu Consilij nostri dedimus concessimus liberamus damusque per praesentes concedimus liberamus pro nobis haeredibus nostris bac praesenti charta nostra confirmavimus eidem filio nostro sub nomine honore Ducis dictiloci castra manneria terras tenementa alia subscripta ut ipse statum honorem ducis dicti ducatus decentius generis sui nobilitatem valcat continuare onera in hac parte incumbentia facilius supportare c. By which is proued not only that the sonne and heire apparant of the Crowne is Duke of Cornwall from his birth or when he is knowne to be sonne and heire apparant but that the King his father is by law to make vnto him liuery of the said Dutchy Lands and the hereditaments thereunto belonging although though he be within the age of one and twenty yeeres as if he were of full and perfect age But to returne againe vnto King Edward the third and to consider the bestowing of the reuenewes of the said Dutchy and the managing thereof for orders sake I shall therein observe these generall things First what reuenewes were bestowed vpon the said Dutchy Secondly the yeerly value of the same aswell of ancient time as of latter yeers And lastly to set downe the particular officers of the said Dutchy aswell ancient as moderne by all which the present state of the said Dutchy may best appeare As concerning the former namely the reuenewes of the said Dutchy as it is obserued that the same doe consist generally of these two kindes first the lands and hereditaments that are annuall and secondly the reuenewes that are casuall The reuenewes annuall are of three kindes first the lands giuen by the Charter made in the eleuenth yeere of King Edward the third and were sometimes the ancient of the said Dutchy Secondly certaine Knights fees and other hereditaments gâ—uen by other letters patents of the same King Edward the third vnto the said Duke which were vnited and annexed by the said latter letters patents vnto the said Dutchy Thirdly and lastly the lands giuen by act of Parliament vnto the said Dutchy and annexed thereunto in liew of other lands that by act of Parliament were afterwards taken from the same againe at sundry times as hereafter shall appeare for in euery of these there is difference of estate and quality The reuenewes annuall giuen by the Charter made by King Edward the third in the eleuenth yeere of his reigne and established for the Dutchy are situate and doe lye first in the County of Cornwall secondly in the County of Devon thirdly in other Shires dispersed within this Realme And first of all in the County of Cornwall are these following County of Cornwall 1 The Castle Mannor and Parke and Borough of Launceston with his appurtenances 2 The Castle and Mannor of Trematon and the Borough of Saltash and the Parke
there with the appurtenances 3 The Castle Borough and Mannor of Tyntagell if histories doe not fable this is supposed to bee the place of birth and Seat of King Arthur 4 The Castle and Mannor of Restormell with the parke there 5 The Mannor of Clymesland and Parke of Kerrybollock 6 The Mannor of Tibesta with the Bayliwick of Powdershire 7 The Mannor of Tewynton with the appurtenances 8 The Mannor and Borough of Helston in Kerier with the appurtenances 9 The Mannor of Moresk with the appurtenances 10 The Mannor of Trewervaile also Tywervaile with the appurtenances 11 The Mannor of Penkneth with the appurtenances 12 The Mannor of Peulyn with the Parke there 13 The Mannor of Relaton also Rillaton with the Beadlery of Eastwyveâ—shire 14 The Mannor of Helston in Trigshire with the appurtenances and the Parke of Hellesbury 15 The Mannor and Borough of Leskeret also Liskerd and the Parke there 16 The Mannor of Kallestock with the fishing there and other his appurtenances 17 The Mannor of Talskydo with the appurtenances in the said County of Cornwall 18 The Borough or Towne of Lostwythiell together with the Milles. Devonshire 19 The fee farme of the City of Exeter 20. l. per annum 20 The Mannor of Lydford with the appurtenances together with the Chace of Dartmore 21 The Mannor and Borough of Braduish 22 The water and Riuer of Dartmouth In diuers other Shires dispersedly 23 The Castle of Wallingford with the Hamlets and members thereof and the yeerely farme of the Towne of Wallingford with the honors of Wallingford and Saint Valeries in the County of Oxford and in all other Counties wheresoeuer the said honours doe lie 24 The Castle Mannor and Towne of Barkhampsted with the Parke there and together with the honour of Barkhampsted in the Counties of Hertford Buckingham and Northampton 25 The Mannor of Byflet with the appurtetenances in the County of Surry 26 The Castle and Mannor of Meere in the County of Wiltshire 27 The Castle and Mannor of Knaresborugh with his Hamlets and members together with the honour of Knaresbury and York and elsewheresoeuer the said honors doe lie 28 The Mannor of Isleworth in the County of Middlesex 29 The Mannors of Kenmigton and Franckshall together with a meadow in Lambeth and Newton in the County of Surry 30 The Mannor of Rising with the appurtenances in the County of Norfolk and the fourth part of the Talbot of Linne with the appurtenances in the said County 31 The Mannor of Chisiemore and fourescore and eighteene pounds six shillings and eight pence rent with the appurtenances in the City of Coventry which were then in lease to the Queenes mother for her life And thus much concerning the reuenew locall and annuall of this Dutchy of the first kinde according to the former proposed diuision being the first inheritance giuen thereunto and which is so annexed to this Dutchy by the words of the said Charter as that by the intent thereof it should in no case be aliened therefrom As concerning the reuenew locall and annuall of this Dutchy of the second kinde the said King Edward the third for further increase of the said Dutchy by his Charter bearing date the said 11 th yeere of his reigne did giue vnto the said Duke in such manner as is aforesaid All his Knights fees which hee then had in the said County of Cornwall with all wards Escheates forfeitures profits and commodities whatsoeuer thereunto belonging which fees hee also annexed vnto the said Dukedome by the words of the said letters patents as that the same should in no wise by the intention of that patent be seuered from the same Howbeit some difference may bee conceiued in Law as touching the value of such annexation made by letters patents only and the former annexation by letters patents which were confirmed or strengthned by act of Parliament concerning the power and ability of aliening and disannexing the same from the Dutchy The last branch of the reuenewes locall and annuall belonging to this Dutchy are such Mannors Lands and Hereditaments as haue beene giuen by act of Parliament and annexed vnto the said Dutchy in liew of other lands that by act of Parliament were formerly taken from the same And therefore whereas by the former letters patents hath appeared the Mannors of Isleworth in the County of Middlesex was giuen and annexed by King Edward the third vnto the said Dutchy King Henry the fift hauing afterwards founded the Monastery which hee called Syon neere adioyning to the said Mannor did by an act of Parliament in the ninth yeere of his reigne seuer the said Mannor of Isleworth from the said Dutchy and conferred the same vnto the said Monastery and in liew thereof by the same act of Parliament gaue and annexed to the said Dutchy the Mannor of Curry Mallet Stoke Vnder Hamden Milton Fawconberge Stratton vpon Fosse Inglesoome Norton with Welweyton Widcome Farrent Lauerton and the moyty of the Mannor of westharptrâ—e and Sheptonmallet with their appurtenances in the County of Somerset the Mannor of Ryme with his appurtenances in the County of Dorset and also the moyty of the Mannors of Maydencot in the County of Barkshire and of Magor in the Marches of Wales and the fourth part of the Mannor of Sellings in the County of Kent All which premisses did exceed the value of the Mannor of Isleworth yeerly two hundred pounds which doth appeare aswell by the said act of Parliament made in the ninth yeere of King Henry the fifth as also by one other act of Parliament made in the three and thirtieth yeere of King Henry the fixt wherein the said former act of Parliament is mentioned Likewise King Henry the eight at his Parliament holden at VVestminster the one and thirtieth yeere of his reigne and proroged vpon diuers prorogations vntill the foure and twentieth day of Iuly in the two and thirtieth yeere of his reigne did seuer the honor and Castle of Walling ford and all Lordships Mannors Lands Tenements and other hereditaments thereto belonging from the Dutchy of Cornwall being moued thereunto for that the said Castle and honor is neere adioyning vnto the Mannor of Newelme which was by the said Act of Parliament made an honour and therefore for the commodious scituation and vicinitie thereof the said King did seuer the same from the said Dutchie and made it parcell of the said honour of Newelme whereof hee was then seised in the right of his Crowne and in liew thereof there were giuen and annexed vnto the said Dukedome the Mannors of VVestanton Portlow North-hill Portpighan Laudren Triloweia Treganoe Trelagan Crosthole Treuitherne Courtney Landulph Leighdurant and Tinton in the Countie of Cornewall and all other his Lands in the said places which came to the said King by the attainder of Treason of Henry Courtney Marquesse of Exceter Also the Mannors of Anstell Fentregan Tremeynalls Tremageuon Fowey Credyowe and Portheaprior in the said Countie of Cornewall which came to
Tynners in that County amounted vnto the summe of 14. l. 2. s. 8. d. Forraine Counties The issues and profits of the forraine Minnors which doe lie out of the said Counties of Deuon and Cornwall in other the Counties of England 958. l. So that the whole reuenew of the said Dutchy of Cornwall without reprizes amounted vnto 10095. l. 11. s. 9. d. q. But to the intent it may appeare what are the Castles Mannors Lands Tenements and Hereditaments now or lately belonging vnto the said Dutchy and how the present reuenewes thereof do rise I will here enter into the particularity thereof as they were accompted for to Queene Elizabeth in the fourth and fortieth yeere of her reigne which is the last accompt extant Cornwall Mannors in the County of Cornwall 1 The Mannor of Rylaton of the yeerly rent of 7. l. 12. s. 4. d. 2 The Mannor of Clymesland of the yeerly rent of 60. l. 7. s. 2. d. 3 The Mannor of Helston of the yeerly rent of 67. l. 3. s. 10. d. 4 The Mannor of Liskerd of the yeerly rent of 64. l. 6. s. 10. d. 5 The Mannor of Tybefta of the yeerly rent of 33. l. 2. s. 4. d. q. 6 The Mannor of Tywaruaile of the yeerly rent of 22. l. 2. s. 7 The Mannor of Tallyskydy of the yeerly rent of 5. l. 12. s. 8. d. 8 The Mannor of Penninayne of the yeerly rent of 7. l. 14. s. 7. d. 9 The Mannor of Calestock of the yeerly rent of 60. l. 4. s. 6. d. q. 10 The Mannor of Trematon of the yeerly rent of 52. l. 9. s. 5. d. ob 11 The fee of Trematon of the yeerly rent of 2. l. 5. s. 12 The Mannor of Refflormell of the yeerly rent of 33. l. 15 s. 1. d. ob 13 The Mannor of Penkneth of the yeerly value of 4. l. 18. s. 6. d. ob 14 The Mannor of Peulyn of the rent of 6. l. 18. s. 6. d. ob 15 The Mannor of Tewynton of the rent of 38. l. 12. s. 7. d. ob q. 16 The Mannor of Helston in Kerier of the rent of 56. l. 5. s. 6. d. ob q. 17 The Mannor of Tyntagell of the rent of 36. l. 6. s. 6. d. 18. The Mannor of Moresk of the rent of 32. l. 9. s. 9. d. The Mannors in the County of Cornwall newly annexed by King Henry the eight vnto the said Dutchy in liew of the honor of Wallingford and were in times past parcell of the possessions of the Priory of Trewardreth in the County of Cornwall 19 The Mannor of Anstell of the yeerly rent of 5. l. 3. s. 6. d. 20 The Mannor of Fentrigan of the rent of 3. l. 13. s. 4. d. 21 The Mannor of Trewenuen of the rent of 9. l. 11. s. 7. d. 22 The Mannor of Crediock of the rent of 10. l. 19. s. 6. d. ob 23 The yeerly farme of the Mannor of Fowye 39. s. 2. d. 24 The Mannor of Porthea Prior of the rent of 7. l. 10. s. 10. d. The summe totall of these annexed Mannors belonging sometimes to the Priory of Trewardreth 38. l. 17. s. 11. d. ob The Mannors in the County of Cornwall annexed vnto the said Dutchy in liew of the honor of Wallingford which were sometimes parcell of the Priory of Launceston 25 The farme of the Mannor of Carvidon Prior of the yeerly rent of 19. l. 15. s. 9. d. 26 The Mannor of Clymesland Prior of the yeerly rent of 7. l. 15. s. 10. d. 27 The Mannor of Treworgy of the yeerly rent of 8. l. 19. s. 7. d. 28 The farme of the Mannor of Stratton of the yeerly rent of 7. l. 5. s. 8. d. 29 The farme of the Mannor of Bucklawren of the yeerly rent of 21. l. 14. s. 8. d. 30 The farme of the Mannor of Eastway of the yeerly rent of 7. l. 5. s. 8. d. 31 The farme of the Mannor of Bonialvay of the yeerly rent of 7. l. 15. s. 32 The farme of the Mannor of Boyton of the yeerly rent of 4. l. 17. s. 2. d. The summe totall of these Mannors which were sometimes parcell of the Priory of Trewardreth 85. l. 7. s. 10. d. ob q. The Mannors of the County of Cornwall which lately were the Lands of the Marquesse of Exceter and annexed vnto the Dutchy of Cornwall in liew of the honor of Wallingford and S. Valeries 33 The Mannor of Crosthole of the rent of 28. s. 7. d. 34 The Mannor of Port Pighan of the rent of 55. s. ob q. 35 The fee farme of the Mannor of Portlow of the yeerly rent of 15. l. 16. s. 10. d. ob 36 The fee farme of the Mannor of Northill 26. s. 3. d. 37 The fee farme of the Mannor of Laudreyn 49. s. 10. d. 38 The Mannor of Tregameere of the rent 4. l. 17. d. 39 The Mannor of Trelugan of the rent of 6. l. 17. s. 9. d. 40 The Mannor of Trevarven Courtney 19. l. 15. s. 3. d. 41 The Mannor of Leighdurrant of the rent of 22. l. 9. s. 7. d. Now aliened away from the said c. 42 The fee farme of the Mannor of Tinton 63. l. 6. s. 7. d. The Receiuer accompted for 13. l. 6. s. 8. d. Summa totalis 130. l. 2. s. 5. d. q. The Boroughs in Cornwall 1 The Borough of Liskerd of the rent of 18. l. 2 The Borough of Grampound 12. l. 11. s. 4. d. 3 The Borough of Helston in Kerier 6. l. 13. s. 4. d. 4 The Borough of Bossymy 11. l. 16. s. 9. d. q. 5 The Borough of Lostwythiell of the rent 11. l. 19. s. 10. d. ob 6 The Borough of Camelford of the rent 4. l. 5. s. 4. d. q. 7 The Borough of Saltash of the rent 18. d. 8 The Borough of Launceston of the rent 10. l. 8. s. 8. d. 9 The Borough of Eastlow of the yeerly value of 20. s. The summe totall of the rent of the Boroughs in Cornwall 93. l. 15. s. 4. d. ob The Hundreds in the County of Cornwall and the profits thereof belonging to the said Dutchy 1 The Hundred of Kerier the issues were 8. l. 5. s. 2 The Hundred of Pewith the issues 3. l. 19. s. 6. d. 3 The Hundred of Powder the issues 10. l. 4. s. 5. d. 4 The Hundred of Pyder the isues are 9. l. 8. s. ob 5 The Hundred of East the issues whereof 4. l. 3. s. 4. d. 6 The Hundred of West the issues were 8. l. 5. s. 4. d. 7 The Hundred of Stratton the issues 58. s. 8. d. ob 8 The Hundred of Trigshire the issues 5. l. 1. s. 4. d. 9 The Hundred of Lesâ—ewith the issues 58. s. Summa totalis of the Hundreds amounteth 55. l. 3. s. 8. d. The Profits of the office of the Sheriffe which are casuall and vncertaine and not accompted for vpon the last Receiuers accompt The profits of the Hauenor the profits of whose office were this last yeere 38. l. 5.
l. 13. s. 4. d. The fee of the Steward and keeper of the Courts of the Mannors in the County of Cornewall which sometimes were the Marquesse of Exceter and now parcell of the lands annexed vnto the said Dutchy 46. s. 8. d. The fee of the Bailiffe Itinerant of the said Dutchie of Cornewall 3. l. 10. d. The fee of the Woodward of the said Dutchie of Cornewall yeerely 5. l. The summe totall of the fees of the Officers of the said Dutchie of Cornewall 138. l. 3. s. 4. d. Money paid vnto the Captaine of the Castle of Saint Mawes 118. l. 12. s. 6. d. Money paid to the Captaine of the Castle of Pendynas both which Castles are for the defence of the Hauen of Falmouth 118. l. 12. s. 6. d. Summe totall 237. l. 5. s. Paid yeerely to the Bishop of Exceter for the tenth of the coynage of Tynne in Deuon and Cornewall 16. l. 13. s. 4. d. Paid yeerely vnto the Barons of the Exchequer forth examination of the accounts belonging to the said Dutchie 5. l. The summe totall of all the charges and reprizes taken out thereof amounted vnto 615. l. 9. s. 6. d. Which being deducted out of the generall summe of the reuenues of the said Dutchie being by estimation 4569. l. 12. s. 2. d. q. there may remaine of cleere reuenue the summe of 3954. l. 2s 8 d. q. which cannot be cast into a certaine yeerely value by reason of the casuall profits and casuall expences which may happen yeerely And thus much of the Dutchie of Cornewall THE EARLEDOME OF CHESTER The third reuenue is the Earledome of Chester whereunto is annexed the Countie of Flint belonging to the Prince as Earle of Chester THe Earledome of Chester is the third reuenue before spoken of this Earledome bordering vpon North-Wales for the better defence of that Country and that the Inhabitants should not be thence withdrawne in sutes of law was made Palatyne and conferred by the Conquerour vpon his kinsman Hugh sirnamed Loupe or Lupus sonne to the Earle of Awrenches in Normandy to whom hee gaue this Earledome To haue and to hold to him and his heires as the words of the first donation import It a libere adgladium sicut ipse Rex tenebat Angliam Coronam This Earledome for the more honour thereof and for the better accomplishment of the Palatyne iurisdiction therin hath certaine substitute Baronyes vnder it who doe acknowledge the Earle Palatyne to be their superiour Lord as 1 The Baron of Halton 2 The Baron of Mountalt 3 The Baron of Maâ—banâ—k 4 The Baron of Shibrooke 5 The Baron of Malpas 6 The Baron of Mascey 7 The Baron of Kinderton 8 The Baron of Stockport This Earledome from the said Hugh Lupus discended in his bloud and kâ—ndred by sundry descents vnto Iohn sirnamed Scot Earle of Chester Anguise Galway and Huntingdon who in the time of King Henry the Third dying without issue the said King Henry the Third seized the same into his hands giuing the Aunts and next coheires of the said Iohn other Lands by exchange which thing the said King was induced to doe as the Record saith netanta haereditas inter colos diduceretur not willing that so great a patrimony should beâ— parted amongst disttaffs Afterward King Edward the first was by his father the said King Henry the third created Earle of Chester But the same Earldome being afterwards conferred vpon Simon de Monford by his attainder it came the Crowne After that Edward the third in the life-time of his father and before he tooke vpon him the Kingdome had the said Earledome but afterwards hee being King gaue the same to his eldest sonne Edward surnamed the Black Prince by his Charter bearing date at Pomfret the eighteenth day of March in the seuenth yeere of his reigne and inrolled of record in the Exchequer anno 33. of the same King By which Charter the said King did grant vnto the said Earle of Chester the Castles of Chester Beston Rothlan and Flint and all his lands there And also the cantred and lands of Englefield together with the Knights fees aduousons liberties franchises forrests chaces parks woods warrens and other the appurtenances thereunto belonging to haue and to hold to him and to his heires Kings of England And the same King by another Charter bearing date the ninteenth of March in the seuenth yeere of his reigne granted vnto the said Earle of Chester all his goods chattels stock of cattell then being in or vpon the said lands of the said Earldome formerly granted Moreouer all the Kings of England succeeding when they created their sonnes and heires apparant Princes of Wales did also create them Earles of Chester to haue and to hold the same vnto him so created and his heires Kings of England in such manner as the Principality of Wales was giuen vnto him And did by their seuerall Charters giue vnto the said Earle the said Earledome and lands as namely the said Castles of Chester Beston Rothlan and Flint and the Castle also of Hope and the Mannors of Hope and Hopedall and of Foreshaâ— and the said Cantred and lands of Englefield and other their lands in the said Counties of Chester Flint and elsewhere belonging vnto the said Earledome And the Aduouson of the Cathedrall Church of Saint Asaph in Wales and the auoydance issues and profits of the temporalities of the Bishopricks of Chester and Saint Asaph aforesaid together with all aduousons pentions portions corrodies offices prizes customes liberties franchises lordships comots hundreds escheats forfeitures and hereditaments vnto the said Earldome belonging And to the intent that it may the better appeare both what the ancient reuenewes were of the said Earledome and also what it is at this present I shall according to the order before pursued set downe the ancient reuenew thereof as it was in the latter time of King Edward the third and also how it now standeth in charge to your Maiestie The ancient reuenews of the Earldome of Chester as it was taken vpon the suruey thereof made in the fiftieth of Edward the third The County of Chester The fee farme of the City of Chester 100. l. For other profits out of the said Citie 4 l The farme of the towne of Medwick 64. l The Farme of the Milles vpon the Riuer of Dee 240 l The Manner of Dracklow in yeerly rent 49. l. 22. d. The farme of the Mannor of Dummarsh 15. l The Forrest of Mara the issues and profits thereof 51. l. 7. s. The rents and profits of Norwich are 66 l The Mannor of Shotwick the rents are 30. l. 14. s. 1. d. The Mannor of Eordsham in yeerly rent 56. l. 13. s. 4. d. The profits of the office of the Sheriffe of the said County 124. l. 7. s. 4. d. The perquisits of Courts holden by the Iustice of Chester 180. l. The profits of the office of the Escheator 100 l The summe totall of the reuenew of the said Earldome
to serue the present case then vse they the writ of Quod ei deforciat which supplieth that defect And although the Principality of Wales as hath appeared by some of the records aboue mentioned were diuided into three Prouinces Northwales Southwales and Westwales for so in some of the former patents they are mentioned yet for the Iurisdiction thereof it was diuided into two parts Northwales and Southwales for a great part of Westwales was comprehended within the Shire of Pembrooke which is a very ancient Shire of Wales and the Territory thereof conquered by the English in the time of William Rufus Long time before the generall conquest of Wales by Richard Strangbow being English and the Earle thereof and called also by some Earle of Strigulia or Chepstow was the first that attempted the conquest of Ireland in the dayes of Henry the second which was aboue an hundred yeeres before the conquest of Wales by King Edward the first This Earledome of Pembrooke had in ancient time palatine Iurisdiction and therefore in some records is called regalis comitatus Pembrochiae The Prouinces of Northwales and Southwales were gouerned for Law in this manner The Prince had and vsed to hold a Chancery and a Court of Exchequer in the Castle of Carnarvon for Northwales and had a Iudge or Iustice which ministred Iustice there to all the Inhabitants of Northwales and therefore was called the Iustice of Northwales The like Courts of Chancery and Exchequer he held in the Castle of Carmarthen for Southwales where he had a Iustice also called the Iustice of Southwales and the Courts of their Iustices or Iudges so held within their seuerall Prouinces were called the great Sessions of those Prouinces and sometimes these Iustices were itinerant and sate in euery of the seuerall Counties of his Prouince in these great Sessions the causes of greatest moment reall personall and mixt and pleas of the Crowne concerning life and members were heard and determined In these great Courts also vpon creation of euery new Prince there were granted by the people of that Prouince vnto the Prince nomine recognitionis ad primum adventum principis certaine summes of money as it were in acknowledgement or reliefe of the new Prince which summes of money are called by them Mises These Mises or summes of money were granted by the people vnto the Prince for his allowance of their Lawes and ancient Customes and a generall pardon of their offences fineable or punishable by the Prince and that summe of these Mises for the Shire of Carmerthen only amounted vnto eight hundred markes and for the Shire of Cardigan the totall summe of these Mises amounted vnto sixe hundred markes as by sundry records doth appeare these summes of mony were paid at certaine daies by seuerall portions such as were appointed and in the said Sessions agreed vpon Also in â—uâ—ry Shire of euâ—ry of the said Prouinces there were holden certaine inferior Courts called therefore County Courts and Shire Courts and Tournes after the manner of England and which by some were also the petty Sessions And there were also Courts inferior in sundry Counties for ending of causes of lesse moment and importance and if any wrong iudgement were giuen in any of these Courts inferior the same was redressed by a writ of false iudgement in the Court superior And if any â—rronious iudgement were giuen in the great Sessions which was the supreme Court of Iustice that error was either redressed by the iudgement of penall Iustices itinerant or else in the Parliament and not otherwise in any the Courts of Iustice now at Westminster As touching the gouernment of the Marches of Wales it appeareth by diuers ancient monuments that the Conqueror after hee had conquered the English placed diuers of his Norman Nobility vpon the confines and borders towards Wales and erected the Earldome of Chester being vpon the borders of Northwales to Palatine and gaue power vnto the said persons thus placed vpon those borders to make such conquests vpon the Welsh as they by their strength could accomplish holding it a very good policy thereby not only to encourage them to be more willing to serue him but also to prouide for them at other mens costs And hereupon further ordained that the lands so conquered should be holden of the Crowne of England in capite and vpon this and such like occasions dâ—uers of the Nobility of England hauing lands vpon the said borders of Wales made roades and incursions vpon the Welsh whereby diuers parts of that Country neere or towards the said borders were wonne by the sword from the Welshmen and were planted partly with â—nglish Collonies and and the said lands so conquered were holden per Baronia and were called therefore Baronyes Marchers In such manner did Robert Fitzhamoâ— acquire vnto himselfe and such others as assisted him the whole Lordship of Glamorgan vsâ—â—g in some resemblance the Roman policy to enlarge Territories by stepping in betweene two competitors and by helping the one hee subdued the other and after â—urning his â—word against him whom he assisted and making this the pretence of his quarrel alleadge that he whom he had assisted had denied to make vnto him sufficient recompence for his susteined trauils and so made himselâ—e abso'ute owner of all likewise Barnard Newmarch conquâ—â—ed the Lordship of Brecknock containing three Cantreds and established his conquest by a mariage in the Welsh blood Hâ—gh Lacy conquered the lands of Ewyas called after his name Ewyas Lacy and others did the like in other places of the borders all which were Baronies Marchers and were holden by such the Conquerors thereof in capite of the Crowne of England and because they and their posterity might the better keepe the said Lands so acquired and that they might not bee withdrawne by suits of Law from the defence of that which they had thus subdued The said Lordships and Lands so conquered were ordained Baronies Marchers and â—ad a kinde of Palatine â—urisdiction erected in â—uâ—ry of them and power to administer Iustice vnto their Tenants in euery of their Territories hauing therein Courts with diuers priuiledges franchises and immunities so that the Writs of ordinary Iustice out of the Kings Courts were for the most part not currant amongst them Neuerthelesse if the whole Barony had come in question or that the strife had beene two Barons Marchers touching their Territories or confines thereof for want of a Superiour they had recourse vnto the King their supreame Lord and in these and such like cases where their owne Iurisdiction failed Iustice was vnministred vnto them in the Superiour Courts of this Realme And this was the state of the gouernement of the Marches of Wales both before and after the generall Conquest of Wales made by king Edward the First as hath beene declared vntill the seauen and twentieth yeere of King Henry the Eight And as touching the first
any greater number In euery of the said Shires where the said Commission of the Peace is established There is also a Clarke of the Peace for the entring and ingrossing of all proceedings before the said Iustices and this Officer is appointed by the Custos Rotulorum Euery of the said Shires hath his Sheriffe which word being of the Saxon English is as much to say as a Sbire Reeue or minister or Bayliffe of the Countie his Function or Office is two fold Ministeriall or Iudiciall As touching his Ministeriall office he is the Minister and executioner of all the proces and precepts of the Courts of Law and thereof ought to make return or certificate And as touching his Iudiciall office he hath authority to hold two seuerall Courts of distinct natures the one called the Tourne because he keepeth a Tourne or Circuit about his shire holding the same in seuerall places wherein he doth inquire of all offences perpetrated against the Common Law and not forbidden by any Statute or Act of Parliament And the Iurisdiction of this Court is deriued from Iustice distributiue and is for criminall offences The other is called the County Court where he doth determine all petty and small causes Ciuill vnder the value of forty shillings arising within the said County and thereof it is called the Countie Court And the iutisdiction of this Court is drawne from Iustice Commutatiue and is held euery moneth The office of the Sheriffe is Annuall and by the Statute of 34. h. 8. it is ordained that the Lord President Councell and Iustices of Wales or three of them at the least where of the President to be one shall yeerely nominate three fit persons for that office of whom the Kings Maiestie may elect and chose one who thereupon shall haue his Patent and be Sheriffe of the said shire Euery of the said Shires hath an Officer called an Escheator which is an officer to attend the Kings reuenue and to seaze into his Maiesties hands all lands either escheated goods or lands for seited and therefore he is called Escheator and he is to enquire by good enquest of the death of the Kings Tenants and to whom their lands are descended and to seaze their bodies and lands for ward if they be within age and is accountable for the same And this Officer in Wales is named by the Lord Treasurer of England by the aduice of the Lord President Councell and Iustices or three of them at the least whereof the Lord President to be one There are also in euery of the said shires two Officers called Coroners they are to enquire by inquest in what manner and by whom euery person dying of a violent death came to his death and to enter the same of Record which is matter criminall and a plea of the Crowne and thereof they are called Coroners or Crowners as one hath written because their enquiries ought to be publique in corona populi These Officers are chosen by the Free-holders of the Shire by vertue of a Writ out of the Chauncery de Coronatore eligendo and of them I need not to speake more because these Officers are elsewhere Forasmuch as euery shire is diuided into hundreds there are also by the said Statute of 34. h. 8. cap. 26. ordained that two sufficient Gentlemen or Yeomen shall be appointed Constables of euery hundred Also there is in euery Shire one Goale or Prison appointed for the restraint of liberty of such persons as for their offences are therunto committed vntill they shall be deliuered by course of law Finally in euery hundred of euery of the said shires the Sheriffes thereof shall nominate sufficient persons to be Bayliffes of that hundred and Vnderministers of the Sheriffe and they are to attend vpon the Iustices in euery of their Courts and Sessions The Gouernment of the Marches of VVales after the Statutes of an 27. 34. H. 8. BY the said Statute of 34. H. 8. ca. 26. it is further ordayned that the President and Councell in the said Dominion and Principality of Wales and the Marches of the same with all Officers Clarks and incidents thereunto should continue and remaine in manner and forme as was then formerly vsed and accustomed And therefore the said Rowland Lee spoken of before being Lord President of the Councell of the Marches of Wales at the time of the making of the said Statute so continued after the making thereof vntill his death being in the foure and thirtieth yeere of the said King Henry the eight After whom succeeded in the office of the said President Richard Samson Bishop first of Chester and after remoued to Couentry and Litchfield who continued Lord President vntill the second yeere of King Edward the sixt at what time Iohn Dâ—dley then Earle of Warwick and after Duke of Northumberland was President of the said Councell who so continued vntill the fourth yeere of the said King And after him succeeded Sir William Herbert Knight of the noble Order of the Garter and after Earle of Pembrooke who continued President vntill the first yeere of Queene Mary Next succeeded Nicholas Heath then Bishop of Worcester and after Archbishop of Yorke and Lord Chancellor of England And vpon the remouing of the said Archbishop the said Sir William Herbert againe succeded as President of the said Councell vntill the sixt yeere of the said Queene Mary at what time followed him Gilbert Browne Bishop of Bath and VVels who so continued vntill the death of the same Queene In the beginning of the reigne of the late Queene Elizabeth Sir Iohn VVilliams Lord VVilliams of Tame of whom the Lord Norris is descended was appointed President of the said Councell and died the same yeere And after him succeeded Sir Henry Sidney Knight of the noble Order of the Garter whose loue to learning fauour to learned men need not here to be spoken he continued Lord President of Wales about foure and twenty yeeres and six moneths he serued in Ireland eight yeeres and six months being there three seuerall times Lord Deputy generall in that Country During some part of the time of the aboade in Ireland of the said Sir Henry Sidney there serued in Ireland as President or Vice-President Iohn Bishop of VVorcester and now Lord Archbishop of Canterbury After this succeeded Henry Earle of Pembrooke sonne in law to the said Sir Henry Sidney and father to the right honorable the Earle of Pembrooke that now is And after him Edward Lord Zouch now present Lord President of that Councell The President and Councell of the Marches of Wales haue power and authority to heare and determine by their wisdomes and discretions such causes and matters as bee or shall bee assigned to them by the Kings Maiesty and in such manner as shall be so prescribed vnto them by instruction signed with his hand The Councell assisting the Lord Prince consisteth of these the chiefe Iustice of Chester together
Parchment Inke and other necessaries spent in the Exquerer at Carnaruon and for bags to put money in 1. l. 10. s. For expence of Bayliffes Itinerant bringing the Writs for collecting of the money by the Receiuers 1â— s. Summa totalis of Carnaruon is 303. l 19. d The Constable of the Castle of Bewmarris and Captaine of the Towne whose yeerely fee was 26. l. 13. s. 4. d. The Steward of Mâ—ney whose fee was yeerely 5. l. The Steward of Rossaire whose fee was yeerely 20. s. Summa totalis Anglesey 32. l. 13. s. 4. d The Constable of the Castle of Hardleigh whose fee is yeerely 50. l. The Auditors whose yeerely fees are 61. l. 18. s. 4. d. And for their charges they are allowed 90. l. The Receiuer whose yeerely fee and allowance for portage of money 30. l. 1â— s. 6. d. The Surueyoâ— whose-yeerely fee is 20. l. The Woodward whose yeerely fee is 10. l. Summa totalis for Merioneth 262. l. 16. â— 10. d. The totall summe for North-Wales 599. l. 8. â— 5. South-Wales The Protonotary and Clarke of the Crowne in the Counties of Cardigan Carmarden Pembrooke and the Towne of Hauerford-west whose fee is 40. s. The 〈…〉 in the Counties of 〈…〉 Cardigan Pembrooke Brecknock and Radnor whose yeerely â—eeis â— l. 13. s. 4. d. The Stewards of the Welsh Courts whose yeerely fee is 6. l. The Sheriffe of Cardigan whose fee is 5. l. Summa totalis of Cardigan 21. l. 13. s. 4d The Chamberlaine and Chancellor of Carmarden whose yeerely fee is 35. l. 11. s. 8. d. The Cryer of the great Sessions holden in the Counties of Carmarden Cardigan and Pembrooke whose fee is 6. s. 8. d. The Constable of the Castle of Carmarden whose yeerely fee is 20. l. The Steward of the Welsh Courts of the Countie of Carmarden whose fee is 10. l. The Iustices of the Counties of Carmarden and Cardigan their yeerely fee is to each of them 50. l. and they are allowed for their dyet in the times of their great Sessions 40. l. There is paid yeerely to the Protonotary and Clarkes of the Crowne for their trauell in making and ingrossing the estreats of the great Sessions 5. l. Summa total is Carmarden 215. l. 19. s. 8. d. The present reuenue of the Principality of Wales as the same was in charge before the Auditors this last yeere past viz. 44 Elizabeth The Farme and yeerely rents certaine of the Mannors Lands and Tenements in the Countie of Carnaruon amounteth vnto 423. l. 3. s. 4. d. ob q. The casuall profits thereof 76. l. 19. s. 9. d. ob Summa totalis is 500. l. 3. s. q. The Farme and yeerely rents certaine of the Mannors Lands and Tenements in the County of Anglesey 398. l. 19. s. 11. d. q. The casuall profits thereof 26. l. 10. s. 10. d. Summa totalis is 425. l. 10. s. 9. d. q. The Farme and yeerely rent certaine of the Manners Lands and Tenements in the Countie of Merioneth 202. l. 9. s. ob q. The casuall profits 60. l. 16. s. 10. d. Summa totalis is 263. l. 5. s. 10. d. ob q Summa totalis of North-Wales yeerely amounteth vnto 1138. l. 19. s. 8. d. q. South-VVales The Farme and rents certaine of the County of Cardigan amounted to 213. l. 2. s. 2. d. The casuall profits thereof 86. l 9. s. 2. d. Summa totalis is 299. l. 11. s. 4. d. The Farme and rents certaine of the County of Carmarden amounted to 185. l. 6. s. 3. d. ob The casuall profits 180. l 11. s. 7. d. Summa totalis is 376. l. 17. s. 10. d. ob The summe totall of South-Wales 676. l. 9. s. 2. d. ob The yeerely summe totall being cast vp together amounteth vnto 1865. l. 8. s. 10 d. ob q The charges aboue specified and other issuing all manner of waies out of the same reuenues amount to 530. l. 6. s. 7. d. Which being deducted out of the former totall summe of 1865. l. 8. s. 10 d. ob q. there doth rest cleere the yeerely summe of 1335. l. 2. s. 3. d. ob q. Whereby may be obserued that the reuenue of the Principalitie of Wales in the time of Prince Edward called the blacke Prince almost three hund'ed yeeres agoe without deductions amounted to 4681. l. 12. s. 5. d. q. is now worne and wasted to the summe of 1865. l. 8. s. 10 d. ob q. and with the ordinary deductions and Reprizes taken out of it at this present in charges fees to officers and other reprizers is brought to the summe of 1335 l. 2. s. 3. d. ob q. Which smal sum also as the reuenue was to Queen Elizabeth was much lessened for that a greater summe in the whole amounting yeerely to 1789. l. 3. s. 2. d. which did partly arise by reason of the allowance of the dyet of the Councell of the Marches being yeerely 1106. l. 13. s. 4. d. The fees of the Barons of the Exchequer in Wales being officers of the Principalitie of Wales the Auditors fees Woodwards fees Receiuers fees Surueyors fees and for the portage of money was charged as well vpon this reuenue of the Prince as vpon other lands and reuenues belonging to the Crowne within the seuerall Counties of Wales And so much of the Principality of Wales THE SECOND PART CONTAINETH THE DVTCHY OF CORNEWALL The second part of this reuenue appertaining to the Prince is that which ariseth vnto him out of the Dutchie of Cornewall and belongeth vnto him as Duke of Cornewall THe vttermost part of this Island towards the West stretching it selfe by a long extent into the Ocean is called the County of Cornewall lying ouer against the Dutchie of Britaine in France The people inhabiting the same are called Cornishmen and are also reputed a remnant of the Britaines the ancient Inhabitants of this land they haue a particular language called Cornish although now much worne out of vse differing but little from the Welsh and the language of the Britaine 's in France which argueth their originall to haue beene out of one Nation This Territorie was anciently reputed a Dukedome but a little before and also after the Norman Conquest it was an Earledome and so continued vntill the eleuenth yeere of King Edward the Third at which time it was of new constituted a Dutchie and the first Dutchie that was erected in England after the said conquest Such as were Earles thereof in ancient time before the erection of the said Dutchie were for the most part of the bloud Royall amongst whom many being memorable there was as most ancient Richard Earle of Cornewall the elect Emperour or King of the Romanes brother to King Henry the Third but his posterity dying without issue it came againe to the Crowne in the daies of King Edward the First who conferred the said Earledome vpon Edward the Prince his sonne sirnamed of Carnaruon who being King conferred the
s. 8. d. The office of the Feodary the profits whereof were this last yeere 36. l. 7. s. 5. d. ob The summe totall whereof amounted vnto 74. l. 13. s. 1. d. ob The profits of the Stanneries in Cornwall The issues of the foure Stannerie Courts in the said County of Cornwall viz. Of Tywarvaile 4. s. 9. d. Of Blackmore 4. l. 15. s. 9. d. Of Fowymore 8. s. Of Pewith in Kerier 10. l. 9. s. 4. d. Summa totalis 15. l. 17. s. 10. d. The farme of the toll of Tynne in the Lordships of Helston in Kerier Tywarvaile and Tewyngton 20. l. 6. s. 8. d. The fines for license giuen to the Tiâ—ners for the coynage of their Tynne after the coynages appointed namely for such Tynne as then was not ready to be coyned at the set time of the coynage that is of euery hundred weight of Tynne so coyned besides the ancient duty for the coynage which amounteth in the whole to the summe of 84. l. 15. s. 5. d. There are also fines imposed for the making and casting vp of Tynne deceiptfully if any such be found and there are also forfeitures of Tynne being sold before the coynage thereof wherewith the receiuer is charged and doth answer vpon his accompt when any such profit doth arise The coynage of Tynne in the County of Cornwall at the foure Mart Townes viz. Truro Liskerd Lostwithiell and Helstow with the profits thereof did this last yeere amount vnto 2502. l. 10. s. 9. d. Summa totalis for the profit of the Tynne in Cornwall the last yeere 2623. l. 9. s. 8. d. There was also paid by the Patentees of the preemption 2000. l. the last yeere which is not now expressed because the Patent thereof is repealed and giuen vp The Fee-farme of the Islands of Sylley lying in the Sea by west the lands end in Cornewall is yeerely 20. l. The whole reuenue of the Duke of Cornewall was this last yeere 3713. l. 18. s. Deuon The Fee-farme of the Citie of Exceter and of the Castle there yeerely 22. l. 15 s. The Mannor of Lydford of the yeerely rent of Assise 9. l. 7. s. 1. d. For the Maior of Lydford for the issues of his office yeerely 1. l. 13. s. 10. d. Of the Mannor of the Borough of South Teyng yeerely 10. l. 19. s. 7. d. ob q. The Mannor Borough and other profits in Breadinch this last yeere amounted to 70. l. 9. d. The issues of the Forrest of Dartmore 46. l. 19. s. 10. d. ob The issues of the Stannery in the County of Deuon as followeth The issues of the foure Stannery Courts viz. Plympton Tâ—â—â—stocke Aisberton and Chagford amounted this last yeere vnto 35. s. 2. d. The White rent which is a rent yeerely paid by the Tynners of Deuon viz. 8. d. for euery Tynner they being fourescore and seauenteene in number amounteth vnto 44. s. 8. d. For the Coynage of Deuon in the seuerall townes of coynage there viz. Chagford Aisberton Plympton and Tauestock 98. l. 17. s. 11. d. ob q. Summe totall for coynage of Tynne in the Countie of Deuon 102. l. 17. s. ob q. For the issues of the Riuer of Dartmouth receiued of the Maior of Dartmouth by way of farme yeerely 14. l. 14. s. 4. d. The reuenue of the Dutchie of Cornwall in forraigne shires as followeth The Mannor of Meere in the Countie of Wilts the yeerely rent is 89. l. 15. s. 10. d. ob The Mannor of Fordington in the County of Dorâ—â—t yeerely 74. l. 4. s. 1. d. ob The Mannor of Currymallet in the County of Sommerset yeerely 15. l. 11. s. 6. d. ob The Fee-farme of the Citie of Couentry yeerely 50. l. The Mannor of Shipton in the County of Berke yeerely 29. l. 11. s. 11. d. The Mannor of old Shorne in the Countie of Sussex yeerely 7. l. 5. s. 10. d. The Mannor of Kensington in the Countie of Surrey yeerely 27. l. The Mannor of Framsdon and Pethont in the Countie of Suffolke 26. s. 8. d. The issues of the honour of Parkehamsted amounteth yeerely to 59. l. 11. s. 10. d. ob The Farme of Wood in the Mannor of Berkhamsted called Berkhamsted frith 28. l. Of the issues of the Lordship of Kirton in the Countie of Lincolne with the Soke there yeerely 188. l. 8. s. ob q. The summe totall of the issues and profits of the Dutchie of Cornewall in forraigne shires 570. l. 8. s. 6. d. ob q. The Farme of the Woods of diuers Mannors parcels of the said Dutchie the last yeere was 6. l. 17. s. 4. d. The Woodward is to account yeerely for wood sales with the said Dutchie which is a casuall profit and as the same falleth out vpon wood sales made The summe totall of the reuenues of the said Dutchie of Cornewall in the whole yeerely was 4569. l. 12. s. 2. d. q. So that it appeareth by the foresaid accounts and Records that the said Dutchie of Cornewall now or lately did consist of tenne seuerall Castles which in ancient time both for building were very stately and for scituation very strong but now they are all either vtterly ruinated or declining to decay and ruine Of Parkes parcell of the said Dutchie there were in ancient time about the number of nine and one Chase or Forrest all being of large extent and replenished with Deere but now they are almost all disparked and the Deere spoiled and destroyed The said Dutchie hath or lately had therein about fifty three Mannors many of which are of great yeerely rent of assize and of antient Boroughs and Townes there are within the said Dutchie to the number of thirteene of speciall name and regard There belong to the said Dutchie as parcell thereof nine seuerall Hundreds of which premisses the said Dutchie doth consist To make an estimate of the yeerely value of the said Dutchie concerning all the reuenue thereof as by the said accounts and records appeareth may amount to aboue the summe of 4387. l. 3. s. 7. d. ob but the certaine yeerely value by reason it consisteth of great casuall profits cannot well bee drawne to a consideration annuall The charges and reprizes which were paid out of the reuenues of the said Dutchie and wherewith the same this last yeere was charged are these which follow The Receiuer whose yeerely fee is 41. l. The Constable of the Castle of Lanceston 13. l. 6. s. 8. d. The Fee of the Feodary and Escheator 9. l. 2. s. 6. d. The fee of the Controller of the coynage in the said Counties of Deuon and Cornewall with the charges of the Goale of Lostwithiell is yeerely â—â— â— The fee of the Steward of the said Dutchie in the Countie of Cornewall 26. l 13. s. 4. d. The Steward of the Borough of Breadinch in the Countie of Deuon and of all the Mannors of the said Countie of Deuon belonging to the said Dutchie 20. l. The fee of the Forrest of Dartmore is yeerely 6.