a Furnace and Forge others a Forge only and others only a Furnace Near Hastings also are two powder-mills where is made as good Gun-powder as any in England And in that end of the County where the Iron-works are namely the East Char-coal is made in great abundance c To go along now with Mr. Camden St. Râ—â—â—-hill North of Chichester which has given the title of Earl to Francis Leigh Lord Dunsmore and after him to Charles Fitz-Roy natural son to K. Charles 2. is a place call'd St. Rook's hill †Aâ—â—â—â— Mâ—◠〈◊〉 MS. and upon it is still to be seen an old camp the diameter whereof is two furlongs and better The form of it is circular from which thus much may be undoubtedly gather'd that it is not Roman but probably Danish Those who have an opportunity of searching into the Records of the place would do well to consider whether the true name of it is not S. Roch's hill for he was patron of the pilgrims and here was formerly a Chapel which might possibly enough be dedicated to him A mile and a half from this place to the west is a Camp call'd Gonshill Gonâ—hâ—â—â— Ibid. which being of a different form must be made by some other people The figure of it is an oblong square which comes nearest to the Roman way of encamping The Bâ—ile Hard by Chichester towards the west ‖ there has been also another large Roman Camp call'd the Brile of an oblong form 4 furlongs and 2 perches in length and 2 furlongs in breadth It lies in a flat low ground with a great rampire and single graff and in such a place as renders it probable enough to have been that of Vespasian's after his landing d Eastward from hence is Arundel â—rundel which our Author observes to be of more fame than real note tho' it is now a market-town and a borough sending 2 Burgesses to Parliament The famous high-way Stanesstreet-causeway which is in some places 10 yards broad but in most 7 comes to this town out of Surrey by Belinghurst It is a yard and a half deep in stones which they discover by cutting passages to let in water and runs in a streight line It is made of flints and pebbles tho' no flints are found within 7 miles of it As the story of Bevis's horse call'd Arundel ought not to be altogether rejected so neither ought our Author's name of the river Arun and derivation of the town from thence be too securely clos'd with For that Bevis was founder of the Castle is a current opinion handed down by tradition and there is a tower in it still known by the name of Bevis's tower which they say was his own apartment Besides 't is natural enough to imagine that the name of a horse might be Arundel from his swiftness since that word in French signifies a Swallow and the present Arms of the town which is corporate by Prescription are a Swallow Now why might not Bevis's Arundel as well have the honour of naming a town wherein his master had a particular interest as Alexander's Bucephalus had of a city But whatever approbation this conjecture may meet with 't is certain that Mr. Camden's fetching it from Arun will not hold For that river is call'd High-stream to distinguish it from the other small rivulets or streams and seems to have bore the same name as to the sense at least all along The Norman English call'd it Hault-rey and answerably the middle-aged Latin writers Alta ripa so Mr. Camden tells us that Rhie in this County is call'd in Latin Ripa and several branches breaking out of the High-stream are at this day call'd Ripes or Rifes There was also an ancient family of Knights owners of much land in these parts even in the bosom of this great river in the parish of Hardham otherwise Feringham call'd from it de Hault Rey and their posterity remains in these parts to this day under the name of D'Awtrey in Latin De alta Ripa But our Author's interpretation Aruntina vallis will not by any means suit either the name of the place or the circumstances of it For tho' it be writ several ways yet no one makes it end in dale nor is a low tract of ground ever express'd by that word in this County as it is in other parts of England but by a Level as Pevensey-Level Lewes-Level Bramber-Level Arundel-Level with many others And the Commissioners of Sewers call the Imposition laid upon Land for repair of publick banks and sluces a Level-tax 〈◊〉 Eâ—rls â—â—iâ—â—ed Thomas Howard being restor'd in blood 1 Jac. 1. and dying An. 1646. was succeeded in his honours by his son Henry who in the life-time of his father was summon'd to Parliament by the titles of Lord Moubray and Maltravers By whose death An. 1652. this title came to Thomas his eldest son restor'd also 13 Car. 2. to the title of Duke of Norfolk which had been forfeited by the Attainder of Thomas the last Duke By which means the title of Duke of Norfolk came to Henry his brother along with the Earldoms of Arundel and Surrey who now among other honours enjoys them e Towards the north-east lies Findon â—â—â—don within a mile of which is an ancient Camp at about 2 miles distance from the sea 'T is call'd Caesar's-hill because the people imagine it was Caesar's Camp and they pretend to shew the place where Caesar's tent was Notwithstanding which the form of it shews that opinion to be an error for being roundish it seems rather to have been a British work f And farther eastward near Lewes Lewes there is another Camp From whence going forwards we meet with Pemsey Pemsey which * Forts and Ports in Kent Mr. Somner disallowing Camden's Lambard's and Selden's conjecture of Newenden thought to be the ancient Anderida where was the band of the Abulae grounding partly upon Gildas's words expressing the situation of these garrisons In littore Oceani ad meridiem on the sea-shore to the south and the design of them to ken and spy out the invading enemy and partly upon the antiquity of the place which Archbishop Usher makes the old Caer Pensavelcoit of the Britains by the coit i.e. wood the former condition of this County being hinted to But tho' he seems most inclin'd to this place yet he is not altogether so positive but either Hastings or even Newenden may lay claim to this piece of Antiquity g Not far from hence is Ashburnham Ashburnham of which place and family John Ashburnham Esquire Grandfather to the present Lord Ashburnham built there a handsome Church with 3 Chancels There is also a noble house of the present Lord Ashburnham's which for stately buildings and convenient garden-room is one of the best in this County North-east from hence lies Breede Breede the Court whereof is a branch of that at Battle and hath the same privilege and process The Lands
k The Notitia adds reliquos officiales comprehending all the Under-Officers c. And I no way doubt but it was in imitation of this method of the Romans that our Ancestors set over this coast a Governour or Portreve commonly call'd Warden of the Cinque-ports Warden of the Cinque-ports because as the Count of the Saxon-shore presided over nine so does he over five ports Kent deliver'd to the Saxons But after the Romans had quitted Britain Vortigern who had the command of the greatest part of it set over Kent a Guorong i.e. a Vice-Roy or Freeman without whose knowledge he frankly bestow'd this Country as Ninnius and Malmesbury have it upon Hengist the Saxon on the account of his daughter Rowenna with whom he was passionately in love a. Thus was the first kingdom of the Saxons settled in Britain in the year of Christ 456. call'd by them CantÆ¿ara-ryc i.e. the kingdom of the Kentish-men which after 320 years upon Baldred the last King 's being conquer'd came under the jurisdiction of the West-Saxons and continu'd so till the Norman Conquest For then if we may believe Thomas Spot the Monk no ancient Writer having any thing of it the Kentish men carrying boughs before them 4 And representing afar off a moving wood surrendred themselves to William the Conquerour at Swanescomb a small village where they tell us that Suene the Dane formerly encamp'd upon condition they might have the Customs of their Country preserv'd entire that especially which they call Gavel-kind Gavel kind b By which 5 By which they are not so bound by Copy hold Customary tenures or Tenant-right as in other parts of England but in a manner every man is a Free-holder and hath some part of his own to live upon all lands of that nature are divided among the males by equal portions or upon defect of issue-male among the females By this they enter upon the estate at 15 years of age and have power to make it over to any one either by gift or sale without consent of the Lord. By the same the sons succeed to this sort of lands tho' their parents be condemn'd for theft c. So that what we find in an ancient Book is very true tho' not elegantly written The County of Kent urges that that County ought of right to be exempt from any such burthen because it affirms that this County was never conquer'd as was the rest of England but surrender'd it self to the Conqueror's power upon Articles of agreement provided that they should enjoy all their liberties and free customs which they then had and us'd from the beginning William the Conqueror afterwards to secure Kent which is look'd upon to be the Key of England set a Constable over Dover-castle and constituted the same in imitation of the ancient Roman custom Governour of 5 ports stiling him Warden of the Cinque-ports Lord Warden of the 5 Ports Those are Hastings Dover Hith Rumney and Sandwich to which Winchelsey and Rie are annext as Principals and some other little towns as members only And because they are oblig'd to serve in the wars by sea they enjoy many and large immunities For instance from payment of Subsidies See in Sussex p. 177. from Wardship of their children as to body not to be su'd in any Courts but within their own town and such of their inhabitants as have the name of Barons at the Coronation of the Kings and Queens of England support the Canopy and for that day have their table spread and furnish'd upon the King 's right hand c. And the Lord Warden himself who is always some one of the Nobility of approv'd loyalty has within his jurisdiction in several cases the authority of 6 A Chancellor and c. Admiral and other privileges But now to the places The Thames chief of all the British rivers runs as I observ'd but now along the north part of this County which leaving Surrey and by a winding course almost retiring into it self c. 7 Doth there admit into his chanel into the first limit of this shire Ravensburne a small water and of short course which riseth in Keston-heath hard under the pitching of an ancient Camp strange for the height as double rampiers and depth as double ditches of all that I have seen doubtless the work of many labouring hands Of what capacity it was I could not discover for that the greatest part thereof is now several and overgrown with a thicket but verily great it was as may be gather'd by that which is apparent We may probably conjecture that it was a Roman Camp but I might seem to rove if I should think it that Camp which Julius Caesar pitch'd when the Britains gave him the last battel with their whole forces and then having bad success retir'd themselves and gave him leave to march to the Thames side And yet certes Keston the name of the place seemeth to retain a parcel of Kaesar's name for so the Britains call'd him and not Caesar as we do As for the other small intrenchment not far off by W. Wickham it was cast in fresh memory when old Sir Christopher Heydon a man then of great command in these parts trained the Country people This water having passed by Bromeley a Mansion-house of the Bishops of Rochester when it hath gathered strength the depth of his ford giveth name to Dâ—râ—ford c. first sees Depford Depfoâ—d a most noted Dock where the Royal Navy is built and when shatter'd repair'd there is also settled a famous Store house and a place or incorporation something like a * Hâ—â—naâ—â—â— College for the use of the navy It was formerly call'd West Greenwich and upon the Conquest of England feâ—l to the share of Gislebert de Mamignot a Norman Maâ—igâ— whose grandchild by the son Walkelin it was that defended Dover-castle against King Stephen and he left behind him one only daughter who upon the death of her brother brought by marriage a large estate call'd the Honour of Mamignot into the family of the Says d From hence the Thames goes to Grenovicum Gâ—â—aâ— commonly Greenwich i.e. the green creak for the creak of a river is call'd in German Wic formerly famous for being a harbour of the Danish fleet and for the cruelty that people exercis'd upon Ealpheg Archbishop of Canterbury whom they put to death by most exquisite torments in the year 1012. Whose death and the cause of it Ditmarus Mersepurgius who liv'd about that time has thus describ'd in the eighth book of his Chronicle By the relation of Sewald I came to know a very tragical and therefore memorable act How a treacherous company of * 〈…〉 Dueâ— Northern men whose Captain Thurkil now is seized upon that excellent Archbishop of Canterbury Ealpheg with others and according to their barbarous treatment fetter'd him put him to endure famine and other unspeakable pains He overpower'd by
ancient Palace The Inhabitants thereabouts think it to be the ruins of a City but others judge it to have been the Camp of either Penda or Oswald o Scarce three miles off stands Whittington Wittingâ—â—n not long since a castle of the Fitz-Warrens who derive their pedigree from 30 Sir Guarin Warren de Metz a Lorainer he took to wife the heiress of William Peverel who is said to have built it and had issue by her Fulk the father of the renown'd 31 Sir Fulk Fitz-Warren Fulk Fitz-Warren The life of 〈◊〉 writâ—en â—n â—â—ench whose strange and various fortune in war was very much admir'd by our Ancestors 32 And had Poems compos'd upon it In Henry the third's reign there was a Commission to Fulk Fitz-Warren to fortifie the castle of Whittington sufficiently as appears by the Close-rolls in the fifth year of that King's reign The Barony of these Fitz-Warrens 〈◊〉 Fitz-â—arren expir'd in a female having in the last age pass'd from the Hancfords to the Bourchiers now Earls of Bath Below this castle Wrenoc the son of Meuric held certain lands by the service of being Latimer between the English and Welsh that is an Interpreter This I have remark'd from an old Inquisition for the better understanding of the word Latimer â—he signifiâ—ation of Latâ—mer which few are acquainted with tho' it is a name very famous in this kingdom Upon the Northern bounds of this Shire first stands Shenton a seat of the Needhams 33 Blackmere an ancient family of the Lords L'estrange a famous family y Of this family was Sir Robert Needham Kt. who had considerable Commands during the war in Ireland under Queen Elizabeth He was afterwards Vice-President of the Council in the Marches of Wales and created by King Charles the first Viscount Kilmorey to him succeeded Thomas his son who built a noble house in this place and is succeeded in his honour by Robert Viscount Kilmorey his son and next White-church â—hite-â—hurch or the white Monastery famous for some monuments of the Talbots but more particularly for that of our English Achilles 34 Sir John John Talbot the first Earl of Shrewsbury of this family whose Epitaph I here insert not that it comes up to the character of such an Hero but only for a Specimen how the stile of every age varies in framing their monumental Inscriptions ORATE PRO ANIMA PRAENOBILIS DOMINI DOMINI IOANNIS TALBOTT QVONDAM COMITIS SALOPIAE DOMINI TALBOTT DOMINI FVRNIVALL DOMINI VERDON DOMINI STRANGE DE BLACK-MERE ET MARESCHALLI FRANCIAE QVI OBIIT IN BELLO APVD BVRDEWS VII IVLII MCCCCLIII That is Pray for the soul of the right honourable Lord Lord John Talbott sometime Earl of Shrewsbury Lord Talbott Lord Furnivall Lord Verdon Lord Strange of Blackmere and Marshal of France who died in battel at Burdews VII of July MCCCCLIII These Talbotts many years ago had the Inheritance of the Barons L'estrange of Blackmere â—â—rons Leâ—â—ange of â—â—ackmere 35 Who were sirnam'd Le Strange commonly and Extranei in Latin Records for that they were strangers brought hither by King Henry the second and in a short time their house was far propagated Those of Blackmere were much enricht by an heir of W. de Albo Monasterio or this Whit-Church and also by one of the heirs of John Lord Giffard of Brimsfield of ancient Nobility in Glocestershire by the only daughter of Walter Lord Clifford who were sometimes call'd Extranei that is Foreigners in right of their wives For they were Lords Marchers in this County and their seat in this neighbourhood call'd Blackmere from a Lake of blackish water is now almost quite ruin'd This family was much ennobled and their estates encreas'd by intermarriage with a daughter and coheir of John Giffard of Brimsfield of an honourable and ancient Family in Glocestershire whose wife Mawd was the only daughter of Walter Clifford the third More 36 Westward to the East lies Ellesmer Ellesmer a small tract of rich and fertile ground which according to the Chester-Chronicle together with the small castle King John settled upon Lewellin Prince of North-Wales when he made up the match between him and 37 Joan his base-daughter his natural daughter Afterwards 38 In the time of King Henry the third it came to the L'estranges or the Extranei but at present it has its Baron 39 Sir Thomas Thomas Egerton who for his singular wisdom and integrity was by Queen Elizabeth made Lord Keeper and afterwards by King James advanc'd to the highest dignity of the Long-robe by being made Lord Chancellour and created Baron of Ellesmer z Before he dy'd he was made Viscount Brackley Baron of Ellesmâ—r Now to say somewhat briefly of the Earls of Shrewsbury Earls of Shrewsbury Roger de Belesm or Montgomery was created by William the Conquerour first Earl of Shrewsbury who also had the greatest share of Lands given him in this kingdom of any of his Souldiers His eldest son Hugh immediately succeeded him but was afterwards slain in Wales leaving no issue behind him Next was Robert another of his sons a man barbarously cruel both towards his own sons and his hostages whose eyes he pull'd out and then gelded with his own hands But at last being attainted of High Treason he was punish'd by King Henry the first with perpetual imprisonment where his sufferings were answerable to the heinousness of his crimes a Malmesb. Hist Novell f. 99. The revenues of the Earldom were transferr'd to Queen Adelizia for her dower Many ages after King Henry the sixth in the twentieth year of his reign conferr'd this honour upon John Lord Talbot who by a natural genius as well as choice of profession seems to have been destin'd for military atchievements And in the 24th year of his reign he encreas'd his honours by adding to his title of Earl of Shrewsbury and Weisford that of Earl of Waterford the Barony of Dongarvan and Lieutenancy of Ireland He was afterwards slain in a battel at Chastillon 40 Upon Dordan near Bourdeaux in Aquitain with his younger son 41 Sir John Talbot John Viscount L'isle after he had scatter'd the Trophies of Victory over the best part of France for four and twenty years together His son John succeeded him whose mother was a daughter and coheir of 42 Sir Thomas Thomas Nevil Lord Furnivall but espousing the interest of the house of Lancaster he lost his life in the battel at Northampton From him 43 By a daughter of the Earl of Ormond descended John the third Earl of Shrewsbury and 44 Sir Gilbert Talbot Captain of Calais Gilbert from whom the Talbots of Grafton are descended 45 This third John had by his wife Katharine daughter to Henry Duke of Buckingham George the fourth Earl who serv'd King Henry the seventh valiantly and constantly at the battel of
person still living had done the same in Oxford for the Northern Languages in general but that a sudden change of Affairs prevented him This place has been lately honour'd by giving the title of Marquess to the Right Honorable William Earl of Bedford now created Duke of Bedford This town has given several great Lawyers to the State as Sir John Glanvill a Judge Serjeant Glanvill his son and Sir John Maynard who was lately one of the Commissioners of the Great Seal of England Two miles from hence is Lamerton Lamerton parish in the Church whereof is an ancient monument of the Tremaines where may be seen the effigies or Nicholas and Andrew Tremaine twins alike in all lineaments suffer'd like pain tho' at a distance desir'd to sleep walk eat and drink together and were slain together at New-haven in France An. 1663. Nearer to the sea is Beare-Ferris Beare-Ferris so nam'd from the family call'd De Ferrariis anciently famous in this County In this parish there were Silver-mines in the reign of K. Hen. 6. which were lately re-enter'd by Sir John Maynard but have since been discontinu'd e From hence the river carries us down to Plimouth Plimouth mention'd by our Author as a town lately risen and a haven well fortify'd We may add that it had anciently but one Church till the 16 of Ch. 1. when a new one was erected and consecrated in the time of Ch. 2. Here is also a Royal Cittadel built by that King consisting of five regular Bastions and 165 guns The guns of the other fortifications added to these make up in all 253. There are two Docks begun in 1691. and finish'd in 1693. As Sir Francis Drake was born here so both he and Mr. Candish began their voyage from this town for discovery of the unknown parts of the world By his contrivance and his own proper chargo there was brought to this town a large stream from a great distance through many windings and turnings which is a great benefit to the Town carrying several Mills and serving for other common uses of the Inhabitants This place has been honour'd since Mr. Camden's time by giving the title of Earl to Charles Fitz-Charles natural son of K. Ch. 2. created July 29. in the 27th of that King f Eastward from hence is Modbery Modbery and of the Fortescues of Wimpston in that Parish was descended Chancellour Fortescue Author of the famous book De Laudibus Legum Angliae Between Modbery and Kings bridge there is a fair bridge over the river Avon about a quarter of a mile long At the mouth of the river stands S. Michael's Rock several acres over in which are to be seen the remains of an old Chappel This ancient Rhyme seems to refer to it Where Avon's waters with the sea are mixt St. Michael firmly on a rock is fixt Kings-bridge Kingsbridge is a pretty market town pleasantly situated and particularly deserves our notice for the benefaction of Mr. Crispin a late citizen of Exeter who founded here a Free-school and endow'd it Near which is Dodbrooke Dodbrooke singular for a custom of paying tithe to the Parson for a certain sort of liquor call'd White-Ale g The river Dert first runneth thro' Dertmore Dertmore a large Forest 20 miles long and 14 broad It was first made a Forest by K. John and had anciently in it many tinn-works It now yields pasture every summer to near 100000 sheep with a proportionable number of other cattle and supplies the North West and South with variety of pleasant rivers h Then to Totnes Totnes which in K. Charles the first 's time gave the title of Earl to George Lord Carew of Clopton son of Dr. George Carew Dean of Windsor Torr bay i Directly East-ward lies Torr-bay memorable for the landing of the Prince of Orange now K. William on the 5th of November An. 1688. Where we must not pass by Mary-Church being the first Church founded in this County according to tradition Near this bay is a remarkable well call'd Lay-well which ebbs and flows several times in an hour and bubbles up sometimes like a boiling pot the water as clear as crystal very cold in summer and never freezing in winter accounted by the neighbours to be medicinal in some fevers Farther up in the country is Moreley Moâ—â—ley remarkable for it's Church built upon this occasion In the time of Edw. 1. Sir Peter Fishacre Knight upon a controversie between him and the Parson of Woodley about tythes kill'd the Parson in a rage and being constrain'd to answer the same at Rome was by the Pope condemn'd to build this Church where he lies bury'd From hence towards Dertmore lies Wythicombe Wythicombe where in the 14 Car. 1. in a violent storm of thunder and lightning a ball of fire came into the Church in divine Service kill'd three persons wounded 62. turn'd the seats upside down c. the damages amounting to above 300 l. A like storm hapn'd at Crews Morthard Crews Morthard in this County An. 1689. which rent the steeple melted the bells lead and glass and nothing escap'd but the Communion Plate k Returning to the shore we meet with Teignmouth Teignmouth which as it formerly suffer'd by the Danes so was it of late burnt by the French l North-east from which is the river Ex upon it stands Tiverton Tiverton where Peter Blundell a Clothier built a free-school and endow'd it with a liberal maintenance for a sâ—hool-master and usher He gave also two fellowships and as many scholarships to Sidney College in Cambridge and one fellowship and two scholarships to Baliol College in Oxford for scholars bred up in this school m Upon the river Creden lies Kirton Kirton now no more famous for the Bishop of Exeter's house than it was in Camden's time for the College of Prebendaries For the house together with the mannour was alienated to the Killigrews so that now there do not remain the least footsteps of the Bishop's having any thing there except the name of a great meadow call'd My Lord's Meadow n The river Ex carries us to Exeter Exeter the Cathedral Church whereof our Author observes to have been enlarg'd by several hands 'T was for a long time no bigger than our Lady's Chappel An. 1112. William Warlewast Bishop of Exon. laid the foundation of the present Quire Two hundred years after Peter Quivell Bishop began the Nave of the present Church to which John Grandison Bishop made an Isle on each side An. 1450. Edmund Lacy Bishop built the Chapter-house and about the same time the Dean and Chapter built the Cloyster So that this Church was about 400 years in building and yet the symmetry of it such as one might easily imagine it the work of a single man The organ of this Church is accounted the largest in England the greatest pipe being 15 inches diameter which is two more than that of
their weapons might be examin'd unexpectedly came a Mandate from the King that the cause should not then be decided lest the King should lose his right In the mean time they compounded the Earl agreeing to surrender up all his right in the castle to the Bishop and his successors for ever upon the receit of 2500 Marks aa â—â—rls of â—lisbury Salisbury had Earls very early whose pedigree I will not only draw faithfully but i They may be carry'd yet higher for Knighton stiles Edric Duke of Mercia Earl of Salisbury higher also out of the history of Lacock â—istory of â—â—cock Walter de Euereux Earl of Rosmar in Normandy had by the munificence of William the Conqueror very large possessions in this shire which he bequeathed to his younger son Edward sirnamed of Salisbury who was born in England leaving his other lands in Normandy with the title of Earl of Rosmar to k The eldest son of this Walter that succeeded him in the Earldom was called Gerold Walter his eldest son whose line not long after failed This Edward of Salisbury was very eminent in the twentieth year of William the Conqueror and is often mention'd in Domesday book but without the title of Earl His son Walter founded a small monastery at Bradenstok and there in his old age after he had got a son call'd Patric who was the first Earl of Salisbury by Sibilla de Cadurcis or Chaworth assum'd the habit of a black Canon This Patric the first Earl was slain by Guy of Lusignian A. D. 1169. in his return from a pilgrimage to S. James of Compostella and was succeeded by his son William who died at Paris in the reign of Richard 1. Ela his only daughter by the favour of the said K. Richard was married to William Longspee so sirnamed from the long sword he usually wore who was a natural son of K. Henry 2. to whom upon this marriage with Ela accrued the title of Earl â—â—â—s of the 〈◊〉 of Saâ— and her Coat of Arms viz. Az. 6 Lioncells Rampant Or. His son was also called William Longspee with whom Henry 3. being offended because being signed with the Cross he went to the Holy War without his leave took from him the title of Earl and castle of Sarum He notwithstanding being resolv'd on his design went into Egypt with S. Lewis King of France â—h Paâ— 973. â—051 and fighting valiantly in the midst of his enemies near Damiata which the Christians had taken died in the bed of honour not long before that holy King was unfortunately made prisoner He had a son call'd also William who did not enjoy the title of Earl and had only one daughter named Margaret â—â—â—g â— p. â—4 who was notwithstanding call'd Countess of Salisbury and married to Henry Lacy Earl of Lincoln by whom she had but one daughter viz. Alice the wife of Thomas Earl of Lancaster who being outlawed K. Edw. 2. seized upon the lands which she had made over to her husband some of which viz. Troubridge Winterbourn Ambresbury and other manours King Edw. 3. gave to William de Montacute in as full and ample manner as ever the Predecessors of Margaret Countess of Sarum held them â—ds of Patent And at the same time he made the said William de Montacute Earl of Sarum and by the girding on of a sword the said Earldom was invested in him and his heirs for ever This William was King of the Isle of Man and had two sons William who succeeded his father in his honours and died without issue 22 Having unhappily slain his own Son while he train'd him at tilting and John a Knight who died before his brother leaving by Margaret his wife daughter and heiress of Thomas de Monthermer John Earl of Salisbury * De monte Hermerti who being a time-server and conspiring against King Henry 4. was slain at l It should be Cirencester in Comitar Glocestr Chichester A.D. 1400 and afterwards attainted of High Treason Notwithstanding which his son Thomas was restored to his blood and estate one of the greatest Generals of his age whether we consider his pains in all matters of moment his unwearied constancy in all undertakings and his quickness in putting his designs in execution who whilst he besieged Orleans in France was wounded by a Dart from a * è tormento majori Balist of which he died A. D. 1428. Alice his only daughter was married to Richard Nevil Pat. 20 Hen. 6. 1461. to whom she brought the title of Earl of Sarum who following the York-party was taken Prisoner in a battel at Wakefield and beheaded he was succeeded by Richard his son Earl of Warwick and Salisbury who taking delight in dangers engaged his Country in a fresh Civil War in which he lost his own life Isabella one of his daughters married George Duke of Clarence brother to K. Edw. 4. by whom he had a son call'd Edward 23 Earl of Warwick who was unjustly beheaded in his childhood by K. Henry 7. and his sister Margaret to whom the title of Countess of Salisbury was restor'd 24 By Henry 8. in a full Parliament about the fifth year of his reign suffer'd the same fate at 70 years of age by the command of Henry 8. For it is an usual practice among Princes to put to death or perpetually to imprison their kindred upon slight surmizes which are never wanting that they and their posterity may be the better established in the Throne Ann the other daughter of Richard Nevil Earl of Warwick and Salisbury was wife to Richard 3 25 Duke of Glocester and Brother to K. Edw. 4. to whom after she had born Edward * Whom his Unkle K. Edward in the 17th of his reign created Earl of Salisbury and Richard his father usurping the Kingdom made c. Prince of Wales who dy'd young she her self dy'd not without suspicion of poyson From that time this honorary title ceased until A. D. 1605. the most potent K. James dignify'd therewith Robert Cecil second son to our Nestor Wil. Cecil for his prudence and good service to his King and Country whom as I have said he had before honour'd with the titles of Baron Cecil of Essenden and Viscount Cranburn for his great merits and industry in promoting the good of the Kingdom So much concerning the Earls of Salisbury bb Below this City upon the Avon is seated Duncton Duncton or Donketon which is reported to be a very ancient Corporation Bogo commonly Beavois and famous for the seat of Beavois of Southampton who for his valour much celebrated by the Bards is commonly accounted one of the great Worthies Salisbury is every way encompass'd with the open plains unless it be toward the east Clarendon on which side it hath the neighbourhood of the large Park of Clarendon very commodious for keeping and breeding Deer and once beautified with a royal palace
the Counties of Wilts and Somerset Provinces of the West-Saxon Kingdom u Mr. Camden having left the west-side of this County in a manner untouch'd it will be necessary to give a more particular view thereof The river Teme Teme in Latin Temedus waters the north-west part of this Shire taking its course into the Severn through rich meadows and the soil on both sides produceth excellent Syder and Hops in great abundance On the edge of Shropshire the river gives its name to Temebury a small but well-frequented market-town This town with most of the Lands between Teme and Herefordshire were held by Robert Fitz Richard Lord of Ricards Castle whose son Hugh marrying Eustachia de Say a great heiress the issue of that match took the sirname of Say These Lands by Margery an heir-female came to Robert Mortimer about K. John's time and the issue-male of the family of Mortimers failing the patrimony was divided between two daughters the elder of which being marry'd to Geoffry Cornwall part of it continues in the hands of their posterity but the rest hath often chang'd its Lords About 7 miles below Temebury the river passeth under Woodbery-hill Woodbery-hill remarkable for an old entrenchment on the top vulgarly call'd Owen Glendowr's Camp which notwithstanding is probably of greater antiquity Hence runs a continu'd ridge of hills from Teme almost to Severn and seems to have been the boundary of the Wiccian Province At the foot of Woodbery-hill stands Great-Witley Gâ—eâ—t â—â—â—ley where is a fair new-built house the chief seat of the Foleys who bought it of the Russels to whom it came about King Henry the 7th's time by marriage with one of the coheirs of Cassy who had marry'd the heir-general of the Coke-sayes it s more ancient Lords Under the west-side of Woodbery-hill lies Shelsley Beauchamp and over against it Shelsley Walsh Sheâ—â—ey Waâ—sh where dwelt Sir Richard Walsh the famous Sheriff of this County at the time of the Powder-plot who pursu'd the traytors into Staffordshire and took them there A little lower stood Hammme-castle and now in the place of it a fair seat which the ancient family of the Jeffreys have enjoy'd about 200 years Hence by Martley Teme passeth under Coderidge Coderiâ—â—â— a manour of the Berkleys formerly the Actons and in more ancient times belonging to the Mortimers and Says On the opposite bank stands Leigh Leâ—gh a manour of the Viscount of Hereford whence the river hasting to Powick falls into the Severn Continuation of the EARLS Henry son of Edward succeeding his father was created Marquiss of Worcester by K. Charles 1. which honour was after him enjoy'd by Edward his son and Henry his grandson who being created Duke of Beaufort by King Charles 2. the title of Marquiss of Worcester is now given to Charles Somerset his eldest son a Gentleman of great parts and worth who merits no less a character than that Mr. Camden gives his noble Ancestor with whom he concludes his description of Worcestershire More rare Plants growing wild in Worcestershire Colchicum vulgare seu Anglicum purpureum album Ger. Park Common meadow-Saffron I observed it growing most plentifully in the meadows of this County Cynoglossum folio virenti J. B. Cynoglossum minus folio virente Ger. semper virens C. B. Park The lesser green-leaved Hounds-tongue It hath been observed in some shady lanes near Worcester by Mr. Pitts an Apothecary and Alderman of that City Sorbus pyriformis D. Pitts which I suspect to be no other than the Sorbus sativa C. B. legitima Park That is the true or manured Service or Sorb-tree Found by the said Mr. Pits in a forest of this County Triticum majus glumâ foliaceâ seu Triticum Polonicum D. Bobert An Trit speciosum grano oblongo J. B Polonian Wheat It is found in the fields in this County and as Dr. Plot tells us in Staffordshire also STAFFORDSHIRE THE third part of that Country inhabited by the Cornavii now Staffordshire in Saxon Stafford-scyre the people whereof as living in the heart of England are call'd in Bede Angli Mediterranei Angli Mediterranei bounded on the east by Warwickshire and Derbyshire on the south by the County of Worcester and on the west by Shropshire lies from south to north almost in the form of a Rhombus being broad in the middle but narrow and contracted towards the ends of it The north part is mountainous and less fertile but the middle which is water'd by the Trent is fruitful woody and pleasant by an equal mixture of arable and meadow grounds so is also the south which has much pit-coal and mines of iron Iron but whether more to their loss or advantage the natives themselves are best Judges and so I refer it to them STAFFORD SHIRE by Robt. Morden After this we find memorable in this tract Chellington Chellington a very fine seat and the manour of that ancient and famous family the Giffards The Gâ—ffards given to Peter Giffard in the reign of Hen. 2. by Peter Corbuchin to whom also Richard Strongbow who conquer'd Ireland gave Tachmelin and other lands in that Country Vulfrunes-hampton so call'd from Vulfruna a very pious woman who built a Monastery in the town which before had the name of Hampton and hence for Vulfrunes-hampton it is corruptly call'd Wolverhampton Wâ—lverhampton which is chiefly remarkable for the College there annex'd to the Dean and Prebendaries of Windsor b Theoten-hall 〈…〉 that is to say a house of Pagans now Tetnall where many of the Danes were cut off in the year 911. by Edward the elder c Weadesburg now Weddsborrow Weddsborâ—ow heretofore fortified by Aethelfleda Governess of the Mercians and Walsall none of the meanest market-towns Near this lies the course of the river Tame Tame which rising not far off runs for some miles on the east-side of this County toward the Trent passing at some small distance by Draiton Basset â—â—set the seat of the Bassets who are descended from one Turstin Lord of this place in the reign of Hen. 1. and grown up into a numerous and famous family For this is the stock from which the Bassets of Welleden Wiccomb Sapcott Chedle and others of them are propagated But of these Bassets of Draiton Ralph was the last a very eminent Baron who marry'd the sister of John Montfort Duke of Bretagne and died without issue in the reign of Rich. 2. From hence the Tame passing thro' the bridge at Falkesley over which an ancient Roman-way lay runs by the lower part of Tamworth â—â—mworth in Saxon Tamapeord in Marianus Tamawordina so situated between the borders of the two Shires that the one part of it which formerly belong'd to the Marmions is counted in Warwickshire the other which belong'd to the Hastings is reckon'd in this County It takes its name from the river Tame which runs by it and the Saxon word Weorth which signifies
†Vaugh. MS. c The water of Holywell breaks forth with such a rapid stream that some ingenious persons have suspected it to be rather a subterraneous rivulet which the miners might have turn'd to that chanel than a spring it being their common practice when they meet with under-ground Currents in their work to divert them to some Swallow And this suspicion they confirm with an observation that after much rain the water often appears muddy and sometimes of a bluish colour as if it had wash'd some Lead-mine or proceeded from Tobacco-pipe clay adding farther that this seems to have happen'd since the time of Giraldus Cambrensis it being not likely that so noble a fountain would have escaped his observation had it then existed But though we should grant that Giraldus might neglect the taking notice of so extraordinary a Current yet we have good grounds to assent to Dr. Powel's opinion that 't was not frequented by Pilgrims at that time nor at all celebrated for miraculous cures or the memory of St. Beuno and Winifrid who yet liv'd above five hundred years before ‖ D. Poveli Not. ad Giraldi Camb. Itin. Cambriae l. 11. c. 1. For seeing we find that Author throughout the whole course of his Journey was particularly curious and inquisitive about miraculous fountains stones bells chains c. we have no reason to presume had this place been noted at that 〈…〉 for Winifrid's being restor'd to life by St. Bâ—uno and the miraculous origin of the Fountain thereupon or for any soveraign virtue of the water in healing Diseases but he would take care to deliver some account of it to posterity especially considering that he lodg'd one night at Basingwerk within half a mile of this place From hence Dr. Powel very rationally infers that the Monks of Basingwerk who were founded above one hundred years after were for their own private ends the first broachers of these fabulous miracles For says he before the foundation of that Abbey which was in the year 1312. no writer ever made mention of the Romantic origin and miracles of this Fountain But I refer the Reader to his own words more at large in the place above-cited being for my own part of their opinion who think such frivolous Superstitions are too much honour'd when we use arguments to confute them Of this St. Beuno who was founder of the Abbey of Klynog Vawr in Caernarvonshire as also of Ennian who built the Church of Lhan Ennian Vrenin in the same Country I find some account in Mr. Vaughan's Annotations on the History of Wales which tho' not so pertinent to this place I shall add here however as being willing to make use of the least occasion of publishing any Notes of an Author so well acquainted with the Antiquities of his Country St. Beuno to whom the Abbey of Clynog was dedicated Vâ—nghan's MSS. Notes on Dr. Powel's History was the son of Hywgi ap Gwynlliw ap Glywis ap Tegid ap Cadell a Prince or Lord of Glewisig brother's son to St. Cadoc ap Gwynlliw sometime Bishop of Beneventum in Italy he was by the mother's side Cousin German to Laudatus the first Abbot of Enlli in English Bardsey and to Kentigern Bishop of Glasco in Scotland and of Llan Elwy in Wales The said Kentigern's Father was Owen Regent of Scotland and son of Urien King of Cumbria Beuno having rais'd to life as the tradition goes S. Winifrid who was put to death by one C'radoc a Lord in North-Wales because she would not yield to his unchast desires was much respected by King Cadvan who gave him Lands whereon to build a Monastery Cadwallon Cadvan's son bestow'd also other Lands on him call'd Gwareddog where having begun to build a Church a woman came to him with a child in her arms and told him those Lands were the inheritance of that Infant Whereat Beuno being much concern'd gave orders she should follow him to Caer Seiont call'd by the Romans Segontium and now Caernarvon where King Cadwallon resided When he came before the King he told him with a great deal of zeal he had done ill to devote to God's service such Lands as were not his own lawful possessions and demanded he would return a golden Scepter he had given him as a consideration for the said Lands which when the King refused he was excommunicated by him Beuno having pronounced his sentence against him departed but Gwyddaint who was Cousin German to this Prince Cadwellon being inform'd of what had happen'd follow'd after him and overtaking him gave him for the good of his own soul and the King's the Township of Clynnoc vawr which was his undoubted inheritance where Beuno built a Church about the year of our Lord 616. about which time Cadvan died leaving his son Cadwallon to succeed him Some tell us Beuno restor'd St. Winifrid to life in the year 644. but whatever we may think of the miracle that time is not reconcileable to the truth of History Not long before this time Eneon Bhrenin or Anianus Rex Scotorum a Prince in the North of Britain leaving his Royalty came to LlÅ·n in Gwynedd where he built a Church which at this day is call'd from him Llan Eingan Bhrenin where he spent in God's service the remainder of his days King Eneon was the son of Owen Danwyn ap Eneon Yrth ap Cunedha Wledig King of Cambria and a great Prince in the North. He was Cousin German to Maelgwn Gwynedh King of Britain whose father was Caswallon Law-hîr brother to Owen Danwyn The said Mael-gwn died about the year of our Lord 586. Medif daughter to Voylda ap Talw traws of Nan-conwy was Maelgon's Mother c. d Concerning Fynnon leinw or the ebbing and flowing Well mention'd by our Author to be near Kilken a worthy Gentleman I consulted on this occasion informs me that 't is indeed in the Parish of Kilken but nothing near Kilken-Church or the â—iver Alen and that it neither ebbs nor flows at present tho' the general report is that it did so formerly But whereas Dr. Powel whom our Author and others seem to have follow'd supposes this to be the Fountain to which Giraldus Cambrensis ascrib'd that quality he is of another opinion suspecting rather that Giraldus meant Fynnon Assav a noble Spring to which they also attribute the same Phaenomenon * Gâ—â— G. 〈◊〉 br 〈◊〉 c. â— But seeing that Author tho' a learned and very curious person for the time he liv'd is often either erroneous or less accurate in his Physiological Observations it 's but seldom worth our while to dispute his meaning on such occasions e The present name of Mold I suppose to be an abbreviation of the Norman Mont-hault and that no other than a translation of the British name Gwydhgrig which signifies a conspicuous Mount or Barrow for tho' the word Gwydh be not used in that sense at present yet that it was so anciently is manifest from some names of places the highest
elsewhere they held of the King More inward among the mountains of Blackamore Blackamore there is nothing remarkable to be met with besides some rambling brooks and rapid torrents which take up as it were all the vallies hereabouts unless it be Pickering a pretty large town belonging to the Dutchy of Lancaster seated upon a hill and fortified with an old Castle to which many neighbouring villages round about do belong so that the adjacent territory is commonly called Pickering Lith the Liberty of Pickering and the Forest of Pickering Pickering which Hen. 3. gave to Edmund his younger son E. of Lancaster In this upon the Derwent Atton Atton is situated which gives name to the famous family of the Attons Knights descended from the Lords de Vescy whose estate was divided by the daughters between Edward de St. John the Euers and the Coigniers From this Edward de St. John a great part thereof came by a daughter to Henry Bromflet who was summon'd to Parliament in the following manner 27 Hen. 6. Bromflet Lord Vescy no where else to be met with among the Summons to Parliament We will that both you and the heirs males of your body lawfully begotten be Barons of Vescy Afterwards this title went by a daughter to the Cliffords On the other side four miles from Pickering near Dow a very strong current is Kirkby-Morside Kirkby-Moreside none of the most inconsiderable market-towns formerly belonging to the Estotevills and situate near hills from which it takes it's name From these westward stands Rhidale Rhidale a very fine valley pleasant and fruitful adorn'd with 23 Parish-Churches and the river Rhy running through the midst of it A place says Newbrigensis of vast solitude and horror till Walter Espec gave it to the Cluniack Monks and founded a Cloister for them Here Elmesly is seated Elmesley call'd also Hamlak which if I do not mistake Bede calls Ulmetum where Robert sirnamed de Ross built the Castle Fursam near which the river Recall hides it self under ground Lower down upon this river stands Riton the old estate of an ancient family the Percihaies commonly called Percyes From hence the Rhy with the many waters received from other currents rolls into the Derwent which washes Malton Malton in this valley a market-town famous for its vent of corn horses fish and Country-utensils There the foundation of an old Castle is visible which formerly as I have heard belonged to the Vesceys Baron Vescey Barons of great note in these parts Their pedigree as appears from the Records of the Tower is from William Tyson who was Lord of Malton and Alnewick in Northumberland and was cut off in the battel of Hastings against the Normans His only daughter was married to Ivo de Vescy a Norman who likewise left one only daughter called Beatrice married to Eustachius the son of John Monoculus who in the reign of K. Stephen founded two Religious houses at Malton and Watton For his second wife daughter to William Constable of Chester was Lady of Watton William the son of Eustachius by his wife Beatrice being ripped out of his mothers womb took the name Vescey and for Arms Arms of the Vâ—scies Matth. Paris MS. A Cross Argent in a field Gules This William by B. daughter to Robert Estotevill of Knaresburgh had two sons Eustach de Vescey who married Margaret daughter to William King of Scotland and 7 Sir Guarin Guarin de Vescey Lord of Knapton Eustach was father to William who had a son John that died without issue and William famous for his exploits in Ireland and who changed the old Arms of the family into a shield Or with a Cross Sable William his lawful son John dying in the wars of Wales gave some of his lands in Ireland to King Edward that his natural son called William de Kildare might inherit his estate Lib. Dunelm and made Anthony Bec Bishop of Durham his Feoffee in trust to the use of his son who hardly acquitted himâ—elf fairly in that part of his charge relating to Alnwick Eltham in Kent and some other estates which he is said to have converted to his own use This natural son aforesaid was slain at Sterling fight in Scotland and the title fell at last to the family of the Attons by Margaret the only daughter of 8 Sir Guarin Guarin Vescy who was married to Gilbert de Atton Vid. pag. praeced But enough of this if not too much and besides we spoke of it before Near this valley stands Newborrow Newborrow to which we owe William of Newborrow an English Historian learned and diligent now it is the Seat of the famous family de Ballasise who are originally from the Bishoprick of Durham and also Belleland commonly call'd Biland Biland two famous Monasteries both fâ—unded and endow'd by Roger Mowbray Family of the Mowbrays The family of these Mowbrays was as considerable as any for power honours and wealth they possessed very great estates with the castles of Slingesby Thresk and others in these parts The rise of this family was in short thus Roger de Mowbray Earl of Northumberland and R. de * In another plâ—ce call'd De Frente Bovis Grandebeofe being for disloyalty depâ—iv'd of their estates King Henry the first gave a great part of them to Nigell de Albenie descended from the same family with the Albenies Earls of Arondell a man of very noble extraction among the Normans He was Bow-bearer to William Rufus and enrich'd to that degree by him The Register of Fountain-Abby that he had in England 140 Knights fees and in Normandy 120. His son Roger was also commanded by him to take the name of Mowbray fâ—om whom the Mowbrays Earls of Nottingham and the Dukes of Norfolk are descended To these Mowbrays also Gilling-castle Gilling-castle a little way from hence did formerly belong but now 't is in the hands of that ancient and famous family which from their fair hair have the name of Fairfax Fairfax for fax Fax in the old Saxon signifies hair or the hairs of the head upon which account they call'd a Comet or Blazing-star a Faxed-star Faxed-star as also the place before spoken of Haly-fax from holy hair Below this to the Southward lyes the Calaterium nemus commonly The Forest of Galtres The Forest of Galtres which in some places is thick and shady in others plain wet and boggy At present it is famous for a yearly Horse-race A Horse-race wherein the prize for the horse that wins is a little golden bell 'T is hardly credible what great resort of people there is to these races from all parts and what great wagers are laid upon the horses In this Forest stands Creac Creac which Egfrid King of Northumberland in the year b It was given in 685. the last of that King's reign as some Latin editions and the
oâ—â—e Barons of Dacre the last whereof some years ago dy'd young and his Uncle Leonard chosing rather to contend with his Prince in War than with his Nieces in Law about the estate seis'd upon the Castle and got together a company of Rebels in opposition to his Prince But the Lord Hunsdon with the garrison of Berwick easily defeated them put a great many to the sword and the rest amongst whom was Leonard himself to flight x 19 But of him more in my Annals Nearer the Wall beyond the river Irthing was lately found this fair votive Altar erected to the Goddess Nymphe of the Brigantes for the health of the Empress Plautilla Wife to M. Aurelius Antoninus Severus and the whole Imperial family by M. Cocceius Nigrinus a Treasurer to the Emperour when Laetus was second time Consul with intricate connexion of letters which I read thus DEAE NYMPHAE BRIGantum QUOD VOVERAT PRO SALUTE PAUTILIAE COnjugis INVICTAE DOMini NOSTRI INVICTI IMP. M. AURELii SEVERI ANTONINI PII. FELicis CAESaris AUGusti TOTIUSQUE DO MUS DIVINAE EJUS M. COCCEIUS NIGRINUS Questor AUGusti Numini DEVOTUS LIBENS SUSCEPTUM Solvit LAETO II. Nearer the Wall stood the Priory of Lanercost founded by R. de Vallibus Lord of Gillesland y and upon the wall is Burd-Oswald Below this where the Picts-Wall pass'd the river Irthing by an arch'd bridge at a place now call'd Willoford was the Station of the †See the Additions to Ambleside in Westmorland If we are to settle the Amboglana here the many rivulets in those parts which carry the name of Glen oâ— Glynn afford us a probable original of the name Cohors prima Aelia Dacorum as appears by the Notitia and several Altars erected by that Cohort and inscrib'd to Jupiter Optimus Maximus Some of them I think proper to give you tho' they 're much defac'd and worn with age Jovi optimo Maximo * I. O. M. COH I. AEL DAC CVI PRAE IG I. O. M. CoH. I. AEL DAC C. P. STATV LoN GINUS TRIB I. O. M. OH I. AEL DA C. C. A. GETA IRELSAVRNES PRO SALVTE D. N MAXiMIANO †Fortissimo Caesari FOR CAE VA OAED L E G. VI. V I C. P. F. F. I. O M. COH I AEL DAC TETRICIANO RO C. P. P. LVTIC V. S. DESIG NATVS TRIB I. O. M. COH I. AEL DAC GORD ANA. C. P EST. I. O. M. H. I. AEL DAC C. PRAEESI FLIUS FA S TRIB PETVO COS. The first Lord of Gillesland that I read of Lords of Gillâ—sâ—â—â— Out oâ—â— old Mâ—â— R. Câ—â— Clarenceux 〈◊〉 him Raâ—â— as also 〈◊〉 MSS. of Fountaâ—â— and Hiâ—â— Abbâ—â— was William Meschines brother of Ralph Lord of Cumberland not that William who was brother of Ranulph Earl of Chester from whom sprang Ranulph de Ruelent but the brother of Ralph but he was not able to get it out of the hands of the Scots for Gill the son of Bueth Å¿ This was but for a short time for the father was banish'd into Scotland in Earl Randolph's time and the son Gillesbueth as he was call'd was slain by Robert de Vallibus at a â—eeting for Arbitration of all differences so that that family seems never to have claim'd after The murther was barbarous and Robert to atone for it built the Abbey of Lanercost and gave to it the Lands that had caus'd the quarrel held the greatest part of it by force of Arms. After his death King Henry the second bestow'd it upon Hubert de Vallibus or Vaulx whose Coat Armour was Chequey Argent and Gules His son Robert founded and endow'd the Priory of Lanercost But the estate within a few years came by marriage to the Moltons and from them by a daughter to Ranulph Lord Dacre whose posterity flourish'd in great honour down to our time z Having thus took a Survey of the Sea-coast and inner parts of Cumberland we must pass to the East of it a lean hungry desolate sort of Country which affords nothing remarkable besides the head of South-Tine in a wet spungy ground and an ancient Roman stone Cawsey * 8 Ulnaâ— above ten yards broad 'T is call'd the Maiden-way Maiden-way leading out of Westmoreland and at the confluence of the little river Alon and the Tine we spoke of on the side of a gentle ascent there are the remains of a large old Town which to the North has been fortify'd with a fourfold Rampire and to the West †Sileâ—â— with one and a half The place is now call'd Whitley-castle and as a testimony of it's Antiquity has this imperfect Inscription ‖ Compâ—â— of a scriâ—â— ratioâ—◠〈◊〉 risimâ—leâ— compendiously written with the Letters link'd one in another from which we learn that the third Cohort of the Nervii built a * Aedemâ— Temple there to Antoninus the Emperour son of Severus IMP. CAES. Lucii Septimi Severi AraBICI ADIABENICI PARTHICI MAX. FIL. DIVI ANTONINI Pii Germanici SARMA NEP. DIVI ANTONINI PII PRON. DIVI HADRIANI ABN DIVI TRAIANI PARTH ET DIVI NERVAE ADNEPOTI M. AVRELIO ANTONINO PIO FEL AVG. GERMANICO PONT MAX. TR. POT X IMP. COS. IIII. P. p. PRO PIETATE AEDE VOTO COMMVNI CURANTE LEGATO AVG. PR COH III. NERVIO RVM G. R. POS. Now seeing the third Cohort of the Nervii was quarter'd in this place seeing also the Notitia sets them at Alione as Antoninus does at Alone and a little river running under it is call'd Alne if I should think this to be the very Alone I could not indeed deliver it for a positive truth because the injuries of time and the violence of wars have long since put these things out of the reach of human knowledge but it would at least seem probable Upon the decay of the Roman power in Britain tho' this Country was cruelly harrass'd by the Scots and Picts yet did it longest keep its original Inhabitants the Britains and fell late under the power of the Saxons But when the Danish wars had well nigh broke the Saxon government it had its petty Kings â—â—gs of â—â—mberâ—â—â—d stil'd Kings of Cumberland to the year of our Lord 946. At which time as Florilegus tells us King Edmund by the assistance of Leolin King of South-Wales spoil'd Cumberland of all its riches and having put out the eyes of the two sons of Dummail King of that County granted that Kingdom to Malcolm King of Scots to hold of him and to protect the North-parts of England both by Sea and Land against the incursions of the Enemy After which the eldest sons of the Kings of Scotland as well under the Saxons as Danes were stil'd â—mbriâ—e 〈◊〉 Governours of Cumberland But when England had yielded to the Normans this County submitted among the rest and fell to the share of Ralph de Meschines whose eldest son Ranulph was Lord of Cumberland and at the same time in right of his mother and by the favour of his Prince Earl
Francis who dy'd at York 1643. leaving issue one only daughter so that the male line of that most ancient and noble family is now extinct At present his Royal Highness Prince George of Denmark honours this County by having the title of Duke of Cumberland which was enjoy'd before him by Prince Rupert Prince Palatine of the Rhine a person of admirable courage and bravery aa If our Author means by the Praetentura of Agricola any thing of Walls or Rampires we may justly question the truth of it since the learned â— Eâ—l p 3.6 Archbishop Usher has prov'd out of Tacitus that Agricola only garison'd the Frontiers at this place without contriving any other sence 'T is likely that according to the Roman custom he plac'd some of his troops within the limits of the Barbarians Country intra fines Horestorum for these Horesti were not the inhabitants on the river Esk near the borders of England as our Author afterwards in his description of Scotland asserts but those of Angus and Mernes as the Scotch Historians sufficiently evidence particularly the learned Sir George Mackenzie Defence of the Royal Line p. 79. â— in 〈◊〉 Not but Mr. Camden's foundation may for all that stand good and the Horesti be deriv'd from Ar-Esc considering there is a South as well as a North Esk. â—od 〈◊〉 bb Not many years ago there was found on the ruins of the Wall a little below Carlisle a small wing'd image of brass somewhat more than half a foot in length well agreeing with the description which some of the ancients have given us of the god Terminus 'T is now in the possession of the right honourable Sir John Lowther of Lowther Baronet cc Buchanan maintains that Severus's Rampier was at Grimesdike but Fordon and Major as well as Hector Boëtius are of Camden's opinion The Controversie will be best determin'd by considering the length as it is deliver'd by several authors Eutropius sets it at XXXII and if some others have XXXV 't is easie to imagine that a little inadvertency in a Transcriber might change II into V. Thus far the account seems to make for Buchanan that Severus's fortification was really between the two Friths of Edenburrow and Dumbritton And Paulus Orosius who computes its length at CXXXII miles goes so far beyond the extent of that which reach'd from Solway to Tinmouth that thence no true estimate is to be had But 't is most likely that this whole difference is to be stated by Spartianus who rightly asserts that the extent of Hadrian's ditch was LXXX miles Out of this number by the heedless change of L into C the copyers of Orosius made CXXX and by a careless dropping of the same Letter the transcribers of Eutropius turn'd it into XXX * V. Usher Antiquitat p. 316. As to the dispute betwixt the Archbishop and our Author Whether Severus's work was a wall of stone or a rampier of earth we shall only add to the authorities produc'd by Camden that the Royal Paraphrast upon †Eccl. Hist l. 1. c. 5. Bede says it was mid dice and mid eoƿþ-Æ¿ealle and ‖ Lib. 1. c. 12. afterwards speaking of a later fabrick of Stone in the same place he says it was built ðaer Severus se Casere in het dician eopð Æ¿all geÆ¿yrcan The Saxon Chronicle also affirms that it was of turfum And if that expression 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Agathemer who is suppos'd to have liv'd in Severus's time have any relation to this work it very much countenances the opinion of Bede and Mr. Camden Vide Geogr. Agathem edit à Sam. Tennulio Amst 1671. p. 45 74 86. dd That this last Wall was built betwixt Tinmouth and Solway-Frith * Lib. 1. c. 12. Bede seems most peremptorily to assert And yet Archbishop Usher Antiquitat Eccl. p. 317. enclines rather to Buchanan's opinion that it was at Grimesdike and thinks this conjecture supported by Gildas's saying that it was built recto tramite which says he that betwixt Bowness and Tinmouth is not With the Archbishop agrees our very learned Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield then of St. Asaph in his historical account of Church-government c. p. 4. And 't is certain that along Grimesdike there are here and there as the Gordons in Bleau's Atlas have observ'd several ruins of Stone-buildings nor can we doubt but there were Forts of stone erected at due distances along that Rampier But 't is certain that in most places there appear no manner of remains of a stone-building whereas a continu'd stone-wall is easily follow'd from Carlisle to New-castle As for Nennius's story Hist Brit. cap. 19. 't is so full of contradictions that there 's no regarding it and after all the stress that 's laid upon Gildas's expression a man shall hardly travel the length of The Picts-Wall in any great road in England that goes more recto tramite in a streight line than it does ee As to the Medicinal Plants Mr. Nicolson to whom we owe these observations upon the WALL as well as several others throughout the Province of York has made very diligent search but could never meet with any sort of Plants growing along the Wall which is not as plentiful in some other part of the Country An Account of the Division of Cumberland by William the Conquerour amongst his Followers a It is call'd Distributio Cumbriae ad Conquestum Angliae inter Gentes Sir William Dugdale calls it Chronicon Cumbriae and so the Lord Willâ—am Howard has stiled it in one of the MSS. but 't is a mistake for that piece of Antiquity if it be extant was of another nature and writ by one Everardus Abbot of Holme Cultram temp H. 2. It was said to be in the Library of Sir Thomas Gower Baronet but upon search it could not be found taken out of two ancient Latin Manuscripts in the Library of the Dean and Chapter of Carlisle carefully Collated by the Reverend Dr. Hugh Todd KING William sirnam'd the Bastard Duke of Normandy Conqueror of England gave all the Lands of the County of Cumberland to Ranulphus de Meschins and to Galfridus Brother to the said Ranulphus he gave the whole County of Chestre and to William another brother he gave all the Land of Coupland between Duden and Darwent Ranulphus de Meschins infeoffed Hubbertus de b Vaux MS. B. Waux in the Barony of Gillisland and Ranulphus his brother in Sowerby Carlaton and Hubbrightby And Robert the third brother in the Barony of Dalston He infeoffed also Robert Destrivers im the Barony of Burgh and Richerus de Boyvile in the Barony of Levington and Odardus de Logis in the Barony of Stanyton He infeoffed also Waldevus son of Gospatricius Earl of Dunbar in Scotland in all the Barony of Allerdale between Wathenpole and Darwent The aforesaid William de Meschins Lord of Coupland infeoffed Waldevus son of Gospatricius in all the Land that lyes between Cocar
Earl of Strafford Lord Lieutenant of Ireland erected a large and magnificent Pile and designed to make it the seat of his Family principal and head town of this County is Kildar Kildar eminent in the first ages of the Irish Church for Brigid â— Brigid a virgin of great esteem for her devotion and chastity not she who about 240 years since instituted the Order of the Nuns of S. Brigid namely that within one Monastery both Men and Women should live together in their several apartments without seeing one another but one more ancient who lived about a thousand years ago was a disciple of S. Patrick and very famous both in Ireland Scotland and England Her miracles and the fire which never goes out being preserved and cherished in the * Adytis â—â—â—traliâ—â—â— inner sanctuary like that of Vesta by the sacred Virgins and still burns without any addition or increase of ashes are related by some Authors This town has the honour of being a Bishops See formerly stil'd in the Pope's Letters Episcopatus Darensis 14 And after the entrance of the English into Ireland was c. and was first the habitation of Richard Earl of Pembrook afterwards of William Marshall Earl of Pembrook his son in law by whose fourth daughter Sibill it came to William Ferrars Earl of Derby and by a daughter of his by her likewise to William Vescy whose son 15 William Lord Vescy William Vescy Lord Chief Justice of Ireland being out of favour with King Edward the first upon a quarrel between him and John the son of Thomas Fitz-Girald and having lost his only legitimate son gave Kildare and other lands of his in Ireland Aâ—chivâ—â—â—geta to the King upon condition he should infeoff his natural son sirnamed de Kildare with all his other lands in England A little after that the said John son to Thomas Fitz-Girald whose ancestors descended from Girald Windesor Castellan of Pembrook by their great valour did much service in the conquest of Ireland had the castle and town of Kildare together with the title and name of Earl of Kildare Earls of Kildar bestow'd upon him by King Edward the second These Fitz-Giralds or Geraldins as they now call them were very great men and particularly eminent for their brave actions who of themselves as one says preserved the sea-coasts of Wales and conquered Ireland And this family of Kildare flourished with their honour and reputation unsullied for a long time having never any hand in rebellions till Thomas Fitz-Girald son of Girald-Fitz-Girald Earl of Kildare and Lord Lieutenant of Ireland in Henry the eighth's time upon the news that his father who was sent for into England and charg'd with male-administration was executed was so far transported by the heat of youth upon this false rumour that he rashly took up arms against his King and Country invited Charles the 5th to take possession of Ireland wasted the Country with fire and sword besieged Dublin and put the Archbishop thereof to death for which outrage he was soon after hang'd with five of his uncles his father being dead before of grief and trouble at these proceedings However this family was restored by Queen Mary to its ancient grandeur who promoted Girald brother of the said Thomas to the Earldom of Kildare and the Barony of Offaly 16 He ended this life about the year 1558. His eldest Son Girald died before his father leaving only one daughter married to Sir Robert Digby Henry his second son succeeded who when he had by his wife Lady Frances daughter to Charles Earl of Nottingham only two daughters William the third son succeeded to the Earldom who was drowned in passing into Ireland in the year 1599 having no issue And then the title of Earl of Kildare came to Girald Fiâ—z Girald son to Edward their uncle who wan restored to his blood in lineage to make title by descent lineal or collateral from his father and brother and all his ancestors any attainder or corruption of blood to the contrary notwithstanding his two sons Henry and William having both succeeded him without issue male the title of Earl fell to Girald Fitz-Girald their Cousin-german 17 With a fair patrimony seduced by the Religious pretext into Rebellion Other eminent towns in this county are Naas a market town Athie situate upon the river Barrow Mainoth a castle of the Earls of Kildare and endowed with the priviledge of a market and a fair by King Edw. the first in favour of Girald Fitz-Moris Castle-Martin the chief seat of the family of the Fitz-Eustaces descended from the Poers in the County of Waterford of whom Rowland Fitz-Eustace Barons Fitz Eustace for his great worth was made a Baron of Parliament by Edward the fourth and had the manour of Portlester bestow'd upon him as also the title of Vicount Baltinglas by Henry the eighth Pat. 2. Ed. 4. Viscounts Baltinglas all which dignities Rowland Fitz-Eustace lost 7 being banish'd in Q. Elizabeth's time for his treachery The more considerable families here besides the Fitz-Giralds are all likewise English the Ougans De-la-Hides Ailmers Walshes Boisels Whites Suttons c. As for the Gyant 's dance which Merlin by art magick transferred as they say out of this territory to Salisbury-plain as also the bloody battle to be fought hereafter between the English and the Irish at Molleaghmast I leave them for the credulous and such as doat upon the fabulous part of antiquity and vainly admire prophesies For it is not answerable to my design to dilate upon stories of this nature These are the midland Counties of Leinster now for those upon the sea coast The County of WEISFORD BElow that mouth from which the three sister-rivers the Barrow the Neore and the Swire empty themselves into the sea upon a Promontory eastward where the shore is rounding lies the County of Weisford or Wexford in Irish County a Which signifies Coarse or rough Reogh where the Menapii Menapii are placed by Ptolemy That these Menapii were the off-spring of the Menapii that peopled the sea-coast in the Lower Germany the name it self seems to intimate But whether that Carausius Carausius who put up for Emperor and held Britain against Dioclesian were of this or that nation Published by Sâ—hottus I leave to the discovery of others For * Aurelius Victor calls him a citizen of Menapia and the city Menapia is in Ireland and not in the Low-Countreys of Germany according to Geographers Upon the river Barrow in this County formerly flourished Ross a large b Now a burrough city of good trade and well inhabited fortified with a wall of great compass by Isabel the daughter of Earl Richard Strongbow which is the only remains of it at this day For the dissention between the citizens and the religious here has long since ruined the town and reduced it to little or nothing More eastward Duncanon Duncanon
57 And this Rory his succâ—ssor practising new treason against King James his advancer upon the terrour of a guilty conscience fled the Realm in the year 1607 and died at Rome The Scots The antient inhabitants of this Ulster as likewise of all other parts of the Kingdom went formerly by the name of Scots and from hence they brought that name into the Northern part of Britain For as Giraldus says the six sons of Mured King of Ulster possest themselves of the North of Britain about 400 years after Christ from which time it has been called by the name of Scotia Yet the Annals of that Kingdom shew us that it has had this name much earlier And moreover Fergus the second who re-established the Kingdom of the Scots in Britain came from hence Patrick â—xâ—ife of â— Patrick having foretold That though he seemed mean and contemptible to his brethren at that time it would shortly came to pass thas he should be Prince and Lord over them all To make this the more probable the same writer adds farther That not long after Fergus according to the prediction of this holy man obtained the soveraignty in these parts and that his posterity continued in the throne for many generations From him was descended the most valiant King Edan son of Gabrain who conquer'd Scotland called Albania where his offspring reign to this day 58 Sir John John Curcy in the reign of Henry the second was the first Englishman that attempted the conquest of this County who having taken Down and Armagh made himself master of the whole Province either by force or surrender and was the first that had the title of Earl of Ulster â—'s of â—â—er At last his success and fortune made him so envied that for his own worth and the unworthiness of others he was banish'd and by King John's appointment succeeded by Hugh de Lacy second son of Hugh Lacy Lord of Meth who was made Earl of Ulster by a sword with orders to carry on a war against him Yet he was deprived of this honour by the same King 〈◊〉 â—o upon his insolence and popular practices but received again into favour In confirmation of this I will here give you word for word what I find in the Records of Ireland Hugh de Lacy formerly Earl of Ulster held all Ulster exempt and separate from any other County whatsoever in capite of the Kings of England by the service of three Knights when ever the Royal service was ordered by proclamation And he migâ—â— try in his own Court all pleas whatsoever belonging to the Sheriff and the Chief Justice and held a Court of Chancery c. After this all Ulster was forfeited to our Lord King John from the said Hugh who had it afterwards granted him for term of life by King Henry the third After Hugh's decease Walter de Burgo did these services to our Lord Edward King Henry's son Lord of Ireland before he was King This same Lord Edward infeoff'd the aforesaid Walter with the lands of Ulster to have and to hold to him and his heirs by the service aforesaid as well and freely as the said Hugh de Lacy did excepting the advowsons of the Cathedral Churches and the demesns of the same as also the Pleas of the Crown Rapes Forstalls Arsonyes and Treasure-trouves which our soveraign Lord King Edward retaineth to himself and his heirs This Walter de Burgo who was Lord of Conaught and Earl of Ulster had by the only daughter of Hugh de Lacy Richard Earl of Ulster who put an end to an uneasie life in the year 1326. This Richard had a son John de Burgo who died in his life time after he had had a son William by his wife Elizabeth the sister and co-heir of Gilbert Clare Earl of Gloucester who succeeded his Grandfather William was murder'd by his own men in his youth leaving a little daughter Elizabeth See Raâ—norshire and Yorkshire north-riding afterwards married to Leonel Duke of Clarence by whom she had likewise an only daughter married to Edmund Mortimer Earl of March and by her the Earldom of Ulster and Seigniory of Conaught came to the Mortimers from whom together with the Kingdom of England it fell to the house of York and then by King Edward the fourth was annexed to the Crown or the King 's demesn lands as they express it A civil war breaking out at that time and the Nation falling into faction and parties so that these English then in Ulster were induced to return into England to support their several sides and parties these Countreys were seiz'd upon by O-Neal and others of the Irish so that the Province grew as wild and barbarous as could be and whereas it formerly yielded a considerable revenue to the Earl in money it has hardly since that time paid any to the Kings of England And if I may be allowed to make remarks of this nature the piety and wisdom of the Kings of England has been more defective in no one thing than in the due administration of this Province and all Ireland either in respect of propagating Religion modelling the State or civilizing the Inhabitants Whether this neglect is to be imputed to a careless oversight or a design of parsimony and unseasonable providence I am not able to determine But one would think an Island so great and so near us where there 's so much good soil and rich pasture so many woods so much good mettal for digging up so many fine rivers and commodious harbours on all sides convenient for navigation into the richest parts of the world upon which account great imposts might be probably expected and lastly an Island so very fruitful of inhabitants and the people both in respect of minds and bodies capable of all the employments of peace or war should of right challenge and deserve our care for the future 59 If they were wrought and conform'd to orderly civility I Did but just now intimate That I would give some account of these O-Neals who pretend to be Lords of Ulster and therefore I promised to an excellent friend of mine the history of the Rebellions they rais'd this last age Though that Gentleman is now happy in a better world yet I had so much esteem for him that I cannot now but perform my promise to his very memory Thus much I thought necessary to premise As for the following History the materials are not drawn from uncertain reports or other weak authorities but from those very authâ—ntick papers that came from the Generals themselves or such as were eye-witnesses and had a share in the transactions and that so sincerely that I cannot but flatter my self with hopes of favour from the Reader if he desires a true information or would understand the late affairs in Ireland which are so much a secret to most of us and also of escaping all manner of reprehension except from such as are conscious and gall'd
and his Sister Isabel de Albeny Countess of Arundel Isabel the second Sister was married to Gilbert Clare Earl of Glocester she had Richard de Clare Earl of Glocester and the Lady Anise Countess of * Perhaps â—evonia Averna â—â—â—e uxoris who was Mother of Isabel the †Mother of the Lord Robert Brus Earl of Carrick in Scotland afterwards King of that Nation â—is place 〈◊〉 corrupâ—â—d From Eva Brus the third Sister descended Maud the Mother of the Lord Edmund Mortimer Mother of the Lady Eva de Cauntelow Mother of the Lady Milsoud de Mohun who was Moâ—â—er to Dame Eleanor Mother to the Earl of Hereford Joan â—arshall the fourth Sister was married to the Lord Guarin of Mount â—hinsey and had Issue Joan de Valens Sybil Countess of Ferâ—â—s the fifth Sister had Issue seven Daughters the eldest call'd â—â—gnes Vescie Mother of the Lord John and the Lord William Vesâ—â—e the second Isabel Basset the third Joan Bohun Wife to the â—ord John Mohun Son of the Lord Reginald the fourth Sibyl â—ohun Wife to the Lord Francis Bohun Lord of Midhurst the fifth Eleanor Vaus Wife to the Earl of Winchester the sixth * Agatha Agas Mortimer Wife to the Lord Hugh Mortimer â—â—e seventh Maud Kyme Lady of Karbry These are all both â—ales and Females the Posterity of the said William Earl Marshal MCCXX. The Translation of S. Thomas of Canterbury The â—â—me year died the Lord Meiler Fitz-Henry founder of Connal â—nd was buried in the Chapter-House of the said Foundation MCCXXIV The Castle of Bedford was besieg'd and the Castle â—f Trim in Ireland MCCXXV Died Roger Pippard and in the year MCCXXVIII â—â—ed William Pippard formerly Lord of the Salmon-leap This â—ear died likewise Henry Londres alias Scorch-Villeyn Archbishop â—f Dublin and was buried in Trinity-church there MCCXXX Henry King of England gave Hubert Burk â—â—e Justiceship and the Third Penny of Kent and â—ade him also Earl of Kent Afterward the same Hubert was â—â—prison'd and great Troubles arose between the King and his â—â—bjects because he adher'd to Strangers more than to his own naâ—â—ral Subjects MCCXXXI William Mareschall the younger Earl Marshal and â—arl of Pembrock departed this life and was buried in the Quire â—f the Friers Predicants in Kilkenny MCCXXXIV Richard Earl Mareschall Earl of Pembrock and â—rogull was wounded in a Battel in the Plain of Kildare on the â—â—st day before the Ides of April and some few days after died in Kilkeny and there was buried hard by his * Girmanum natural Brother viz. William in the Quire of the Friers Predicants Of whom this was written Cujus sub fossa Kilkennia continet ossa MCCXL Walter Lacy Lord of Meth died this year in Engâ—â—nd leaving two Daughters to inherit his Estate of whom the â—â—rst was married to Sir Theobald Verdon and the second to Gefâ—ery de Genevile MCCXLIII This year died Hugh Lacy Earl of Ulster and â—as buried in Cragsergus in the Convent of the Friers Minors â—eaving a Daughter who was married to Walter Burk Earl of Ulster The same year died Lord Gerald Fitz-Maurice and Lord â—ichard de Burgo MCCXLVI An Earthquake about nine of the Clock over all â—he West MCCXLVIII Sir John Fitz-Geffery came Lord Justiciary into â—reland MCCL. Lewis King of France and William Long-Espee were â—aken Prisoners with many others by the Saracens In Ireland Maccanewey a Son of Belial was slain in Leys as he deserv'd In the year MCCLI. The Lord Henry Lacy was born Upon Christmas-day likewise Alexander King of Scots in the 11th year of his Age was then contracted with Margaret the daughter of the King of England at York MCCLV Alan de la Zouch was made and came Justiciary into Ireland MCCLVII This year died the Lord Maurice Fitz-Gerald MCCLIX Stephen Long-Espee came Justiciary into Ireland The green Castle in Ulster was demolish'd William Dene was made Justiciary of Ireland MCCLXI The Lord John Fitz-Thomas and the Lord Maurice his Son were slain in Desmond by Mac Karthy Item William Dene Justiciary dy'd and Sir Richard Capel put in his room the same year MCCLXII Richard Clare Earl of Glocester died this year as also Martin de Maundevile on the morrow of S. Bennet's day MCCLXIV Maurice Fitz-Gerald and Maurice Fitz-Maurice took Prisoners Richard Capel the Lord Theobald Botiller and the Lord John Cogan at Tristel-Dermot MCCLXVII David de Barry was made Justiciary of Ireland MCCLXVIII Comin Maurice Fitz-Maurice was drown'd The Lord Robert Ufford was made Justiciary of Ireland MCCLXIX The Castle of Roscoman was begun this year Richard of Exeter was made Justiciary MCCLXX The Lord James de Audley came Justiciary into Ireland MCCLXXI Henry the son of the King of Almain was slain in the Court of Rome Plague Famine and Sword rag'd this year particularly in Meth. Nicholas de Verdon and his Brother John were slain Walter de Burgo Earl of Ulster died MCCLXXII The Lord James Audley Justiciary of England was kill'd by a fall from his Horse in Tothomon and was succeeded in this Office by the Lord Maurice Fitz-Maurice MCCLXXIII The Lord Geffery Genevile return'd from the Holy Land and was made Justiciary of Ireland MCCLXXIV Edward the son of King Henry was anointed and crown'd King of England by Robert Kilwarby a Frier-Predicant Archbishop of Canterbury upon S. Magnus the Martyr's day in the Church of Westminster in the presence of all the Nobility and Gentry His Protestation and Oath was in this form I Edward son and heir of King Henry do profess protest and promise before God and his holy Angels from this time forward to maintain without partiality the Law Justice and Peace of the Church of God and the People subject unto me so far as we can devise by the counsel of our liege and legal Ministers as also to exhibit due and canonical Honour to the Bishops of God's Church to preserve unto them inviolably whatsoever has been granted by former Emperors and Kings to the Church of God and to pay due Honour to the Abbots and the Lord's Ministers according to the advice of our Lieges c. so help me God and the holy Gospels of the Lord. This year died the Lord John Verdon and the Lord Thomas de Clare came into Ireland And William Fitz-Roger Prior of the Hospitallers was taken Prisoner at Glyndelory with many others and more slain MCCLXXV The Castle of Roscoman was built again The same year Modagh was taken Prisoner at Norragh by Sir Walter le Faunte MCCLXXVI Robert Ufford was made Justiciary of Ireland upon the surrender of Geffery de Genevill MCCLXXVII O Brene slain MCCLXXVIII The Lord David Barry died this year as also the Lord John Cogan MCCLXXIX The Lord Robert d'Ufford went into England and appointed Frier Robert de Fulborne Bishop of Waterford to supply his place In whose time the Mony was chang'd A Round Table was also held at Kenylworth by Roger Lord Mortimer MCCLXXX Robert d'Ufford return'd from England
wealth between whom and the Lord Scroope two hundred years since was a plea commenc'd in the Court of Chivalry for bearing in a shield Azure a bend Or. Soe Holland Tregian is now in the possession of Mr. Buller And as for the suit it hapn'd in the time of Edw. 3. and upon it a reference was made to the most eminent persons of that time whereof John de Gaunt was one before whom Carminow prov'd his right by the constant bearing thereof and that before the Conquest yet because the other Contendant was a Baron of the Realm it was order'd he should still bear the same Coat but with a File in chief for distinction He had a Cornish motto Gala rag whethow i.e. a straw for a dissembler His family is now quite extinct under which is Roseland a plat of ground lying along the sea-side so call'd as some would have it from rosetum a garden of roses or as others imagine because it is ericetum a heath m for Ros implies that in Brittish From whence Rosse in Scotland Râ— and another Rosse in Wales have had their names as being dry thirsty ground but this by the industry of the husbandmen is made more rich and fruitful From Roseland the sea immediately follows the dintings of the Land and makes a large bay call'd Trueardraithbay as much as if one should say The bay of a town at the sand 17 Whereunto fall many fresh rivulets amongst which that is principal which passeth by Lanladron whose Lord S. Serlo Lanladron was summon'd a Baron to the Parliament in that age when the select men for wisdom and worth among the Gentry were call'd to Parliaments and their Posterity omitted if the were defective therein In the margin he has In the time of Edw. 1. Scarce two miles from hence 〈…〉 where the river Fawey runs into the Sea is Fowy-town in British Foath stretch'd along the creek it was very famous in the last age for Sea-fights as is plain from the Arms of the place which are a Compound of all those of the Cinque-ports On each side of the haven is a fort built by Edward 4. who a little after upon a displeasure conceiv'd against the men of Fowy for preying upon the French-coasts after a peace was made with that kingdom took from them all their ships and tackle Over against this on the other side stands Hall 〈…〉 noted for it's pleasant walks upon the side of an hill and k It was sold to Kekewich and my Lord Mohun lives at Boconnock the seat of Sir William Mohun Knight 〈…〉 of an ancient and noble family descended from the Mohuns Earls of Somerset and the Courtneies Earls of Devonshire More within the land upon the same river 〈…〉 the Uzella of Ptolemy is seated and has not yet quite lost it's name being called at this day Lestuthiell from it's situation For it was upon a high hill where is Lestormin an ancient castle tho' now 't is remov'd into the valley Now uchel in British signifies the same as high and lofty 〈…〉 from whence Uxellodunum of Gaule is so term'd because the town being built upon a mountain has a steep rugged ascent every way This in the British historie is called Pen-Uchel coit a high mountain in a wood by which some will have Exeter meant But the situation assign'd it by Ptolemy and the name it has to this day do sufficiently evince it to have been the ancient Uzella Now it is a little town and not at all populous for the channel of the river Fawey which in the last age us'd to carry the tide up to the very town and bring vessels of burthen 〈…〉 is now so stopt up by the sands coming from the Lead-mines that it is too shallow for barges and indeed all the havens in this County are in danger of being choak'd up by these sands However 't is the County-town where the Sheriff every month holds the County-court and the Warden of the Stannaries has his prison For it has the privilege of Coynage by the favour as they say of Edmund Earl of Cornwall who formerly had his palace there But there are two towns which especially eclipse the glory of this Vzella Leskerd to the east Lâ— seated upon a high hill and famous for an ancient castle and a market And Bodman to the north 〈…〉 scarce two miles distant l It is distant almost 4 miles in British if I mistake not Bosuenna and in ancient Charters Bodminiam This town is seated between two hills not very healthfully extended from east to west 'T is a noted market populous and well built and enjoys the privilege of stamping tinn But it was formerly more famous for a Bishop's See For about the year 905. when the discipline of the Church was quite neglected in those parts 〈…〉 Edward the Elder by a Decree from Pope Formosus settl'd a Bishop's See here and granted the Bishop of Kirton three villages in those parts m This Polton is probably Paulton in S. Breague Lawhitton does still belong to the Bâ—shop but where Caeling was seated does not appear The mannours mention'd hereabouts to be the Bâ—shop's are Lawhitton S. Germans Pawton Pregaer Penryn and Cargaul without any mention of Caeling In those mannours the Bishops had view of Frank-pledge and all belonging thereto except Hue and Cry Inqu An. 9. Edw. 2. Polton Caeling and Lanwitham that he might every year visit the County of Cornwall in order to reform their errors for before that they resisted the Truth to the utmost of their power and would not submit to the Apostolical Decrees But afterwards those dismal wars of the Danes breaking out the Bishop's See was translated to S. Germans Near to Leskerd is a Church formerly called S. Guerir which being translated from the British is a Physician where as Asser tells us King Alfred while he was at his devotion recovered of a fit of sickness But when Neotus a man of eminent Sanctity and Learning was buried in that Church he so much eclips'd the glory of the other Saint that from him the place begun to be call'd Neotestow i.e. the place of Neoth and now it is S. Neoth's and the Religious there were called Clerks of St. Neot who had pretty large revenues as we may learn from Domesday n Not far from hence as I have been told in the Parish of St. Clare there are in a place call'd Pennant i.e. the head of the valley two stone monuments one whereof has the upper part hollow'd in form of a chair the other term'd Other half stone is inscrib'd with barbarous characters now almost worn out Which I think is to be read thus Doniert Rogavit pro anima unless we may imagine that these two points after Doniert are the remains of the letter E. and so read Doniert erogavit implying that he gave that land to the Religious for the good of his soul Now I cannot
West by Devonshire 1 And some part of Somersetshire on the East by Hantshire and Southward which way it extends the farthest 't is all Sea-coast lying for about 50 miles together as I said before upon the British Ocean But the soil is fruitful and in the Northern parts of it there are woods and forests scatter'd here and there whence with several green hills that feed great flocks of sheep pleasant pastures and fruitful valleys it comes quite down to the sea-shore which I shall keep close to in my description having no better method to take a At the very entrance into this County from Devonshire the first place that appears upon the sea-shore is Lyme Lyme a little town standing upon a steep hill so call'd from a rivulet of that name gliding by it which can scarcely be reputed a sea-port town or haven tho' it be frequented by fishermen and hath a kind of an harbour below it which they call the Cobbe well secur'd from tempestuous winds by rocks and lofty trees We scarce meet with it's name in ancient books only I have read that King Kinwulf in the year of our Lord 774. gave in these words the land of one mansion to the Church of Scireburn near the western banks of the river Lim and not far from the place where it falls into the sea so long as for the said Church salt should be boil'd there for the supplying of various wants b Hard by the river Carr empties it self where stands a It is now call'd Charmouth Carmouth Carmouth a little village where the bold pirating Danes had the good fortune to beat the English in two engagements first conquering King Egbert in the year of our Lord 831 and then King Aethelwulf in the eighth year after Next is Burtport Burport famous for hemp or rather b Call'd also Bridport and Britport says Leland of some written Bruteport Birtport seated between two small rivers which meet there the soil whereof produceth the best hemp In this town an hundred and twenty houses were computed in Edward the Confessor's time but in William the Conqueror's reign as appears by Domesday-book there were no more than an hundred 'T was heretofore so famous for making ropes and cables for ships that 't was provided by a special statute for a set time that such sort of tackle for the use of the English Navy should be made no where else Nor can this maintain the name of a Port though at the mouth of the river that runs by it which is enclos'd with hills on both sides Nature seems purposely to have projected a commodious place for an harbour as an inducement for Art and Industry to finish it c DORSET SHIRE By Rob Morden From thence the shore lies strait along by the Island Purbeck â—â—â—beck as they call it which is full of heath woods and forests well stock'd with Fallow-deer and stags and containing under ground here and there some veins of marble d In the middle of it stood formerly an old Castle call'd Corffe 3 Seated upon a great stately hill 〈…〉 a very ancient ruin but at last fallen quite to shatters 4 Until of late it hath been repair'd which nevertheless is a notable memorial of the spite of Mothers-in-law 〈◊〉 will epâ—â—thers For Aelfrith that she might make way for her own son Etheldred to the Throne when her son-in-law Edward King of England made her a visit here as he came from hunting set some Ruffians upon him who slew him whilst his impious step-mother glutted her eyes with the Scene of his murder Which impiety she afterwards by a late repentance us'd her utmost endeavours to expiate assuming the habit of a Nun and building Religious houses e This Purbeck is call'd an Island though it be but a Peninsula being every way wash'd by the sea k To the west also the river Frome and another little river almost make it an Island but westward for towards the East the banks of the sea wind very much inward which having a strait and narrow inlet or passage opposite to which within is an Island with l It is now gone to decay a blockhouse call'd Brenksey widens and expands it self to a bay of a great breadth To the north of which in a peninsula hard by is Poole a small town so situated that the waters surround it every way but northward where 't is joyn'd to the continent and has only one gate It is not unlikely that it took its name from that bay below it which in a calm seems as it were a standing water and such as we in our Language call a Pool This in the last age was improv'd from a Sedgeplat with a few Fishermens huts to m Leland attributes the rise of this to the decay of Warham imagining that while the ships could go up so far and there unload it was in a prosperous condition but when for want of depth of water they lost that road 't is probable they took up at Poole and so by little and little enrich'd it a well frequented market-town and grew very wealthy being adorn'd with fair buildings f K. Hen. 6. by Act of Parliament transferr'd the franchises of the port of Melcombe which he had disfranchis'd to this place and gave leave to the Mayor to enclose it with walls which were afterwards begun at the haven by that Rich. 3. who deservedly bears the character of one of the worst of men and best of Kings But from that time by I know not what ill destiny or rather negligence of the towns-men it has been decaying so that now the houses for want of inhabitants are quite out of repair â—e râ—ver 〈◊〉 Into the west corner of this bay Frome a famous river of this county dischargeth it self for so 't is commonly call'd tho' the Saxons as we learn from Asserius nam'd it Frau from whence perhaps because this bay was formerly call'd Fraumouth latter ages imagin'd that the river was call'd Frome It has its rise at Evarshot near the western bounds of the shire from whence it runs Eastward by Frompton Frompton to which it has given it's name and is joyn'd by a rivulet from the north that flows by Cerne Abby Cerne Abby n Malmesb. de Gestis Pontificum fol. 142. b. which was built by Austin the English Apostle when he had dash'd to pieces the Idol of the Pagan Saxons there call'd Heil and had reform'd their superstitious ignorance 5 Here was first bred among the Religious men as I have read John Morton Cardinal and Archbishop of Canterbury born at S. Andrews Milborne worthily advanc'd to so high places for his good service in working England's happiness by the union of the two Houses of Lancaster and York and of this family there hath issued both Robert Bishop of Worcester and many Gentlemen of very good note in this Country and elsewhere More
peace hannifare pence of the hundred and f Denarii S. Petri circreti in the Text. The learned Selden is of opinion the last word ought to be read Circseti but has left us no reason for his conjecture It would indeed bear the interpretation of the Founder of the Church a character agreeable enough to the person of St. Peter But the true reading here is certainly Circsceati from Sceat i.e. revenues or riches implying the Peter-pence to be the Revenues of the Church S. Peters pence to hold thrice a year the Bishops pleadings without admonition to go into the army with the Bishops men The country all about is beautify'd with green meadows abounds in delightful orchards which with the thickness of the villages does wonderfully charm the eyes of the Spectators Amongst the villages those of most note are Orchard which had it's Lords of the same name from whom it descended by inheritance to the Portmans Knights e next Hach-Beauchamp 〈…〉 and then Cory-Mallet the latter part whereof is added because of the Lords For it was the seat of the Mallets of Norman extraction from whom it came in a short time by an heiress to the Pointzies â—ies Of which family Hugh in the time of Edward 3. was reckon'd among the Parliamentary-Barons and some others of it are at this day Knights of great worth 〈…〉 But as to the Beauchamps otherwise call'd de bello campo 〈…〉 they have flourish'd in great honour from the time of Hen. 2. especially since Cecil de Fortibus descended from the Earls de Ferrariis and from that famous Mareschal of England William Earl of Pembroke was married into this family But in the reign of Edw. 3. the estate was divided by sisters between Roger de S. Mauro or Seimore and J. Meriet both of them sprung from ancient and honorable Ancestors This was the cause why Hen. 8. after he had marry'd Jane Seimor Edward the sixth's mother made Edward Seimor her brother â—nt Viscount Beauchamp 14 And Earl of Hertford whom King Edward 6. afterwards honour'd first with the name of Lord and Baron Seimor to be annex'd to his other titles lest as the King saith in the Patent the name of his mother's family should be overshadow'd with any other stile and yet afterward created him Duke of Sometset whom Edw. 6. afterwards advanc'd to the honour of Duke of Somerset 〈…〉 Next where Thone mixes it self with the Parret there is made a River-Island formerly call'd Aethelingey â—ey i.e. an Island of Nobles now commonly Athelnâ—y which is to us no less remarkable for King Alfred's absconding there when the Dane made havock of all before him than are those Minturnensian fenns to the Italians for being a hiding place to Marius For to that King as an ancient Poet writ of him Mixta dolori Gaudia semper erant spes semper mixta timori Si modo victor erat ad crastina Cella pavebat Si modo victus erat ad crastina cella parabat Cui vestes sudore jugi cui sica cruore Tincta jugi quantum sit onus regnare probarunt Allay'd with grief his cautious joys appear'd And when he hop'd the most the most he fear'd Conqu'ring h' expected still the rallying foe O'ercome he fitted for a second blow Whose sweaty hands and garments stain'd in blood Shew that a crown is but a noble load And truly this Island falls out very well for a private refuge for the standing pools and inundations which Asser call'd by a Latin-Saxon word Gronnas make it inaccessible Gronnes It had formerly a bridge between two towers which were built by King Alfred also a very large set of alders full of goats and deer but the firm ground not above two acres broad Upon this he built a monastery the whole structure whereof Malmesbury here speaks for me is supported by four posts fasten'd in the ground with four arch'd chancels drawn round it The Parret does not go far alone 15 Parret having receiv'd the same river runneth alone swelling with certain sandy shelves sometime in his channel by the Hundred of N. Pederton anciently acknowledging the Bluets to have been Lords thereof who are thought to have brought that name from Bluet in Little Britain after it has got together it's waters before it is joyn'd by another river from the East 16 Which openeth it self near Castle-Cary which William Lovel Lord thereof held against K. Stephen in the behalf of Mawd the Empress right Inheritrix of the Crown of England whose issue-male failing in the time of K. Edw. 3. by heir female it came to Nicholas de S. Maure a Baron of a distinct family from that which was a few lines before-mention'd and shortly after about the time of Hen. 5. by an heir female again to the Lord Zouches of Harringworth as a moiety of the lands of Lord Zouch of Ashby de la Zouch came before by coheirs to the house of this S. Maures But when the Lord Zouch was attainted by K. Henry 7. for assisting K. Richard 3. this Castle was given by the King to Robert Willoughby Lord Brooke as his lands at Bridgewater to the Lord Daubeney and then he was restor'd in blood From Castle Cary this water passeth by Lites-Cary to be remembred in respect of the late owner Thomas Lyte a Gentleman studious of all good knowledge and so to Somerton which runs by Somerton Somerton formerly the chief town of the County giving name to the whole It had a castle belonging to the West-Saxon Kings which Ethelbald King of the Mercians possess'd himself of by storm but now it has given way to age so that nothing of it appears and the town would scarce support it's character were it not for a throng Beast-fair kept there from Palm Sunday to the middle of June for those parts make grazing their chief employment After the Parret has receiv'd this river it visits a large and populous town commonly call'd Bridge-water Bridge-water as 't is thought from the bridge and the water tho' the ancient Charters refute that conjecture which always call it expresly Burgh-Walteri and it is highly probable that it took that name from Walter de Doway who was a soldier under William the Conqueror and had many Lands bestow'd on him in this County Nor is it otherwise call'd in that Charter wherein Fulk Paynel Lord of Bampton gave the possession of this place to William de Briewer to ingratiate himself with that person who was a particular favourite of K. Rich. 3. The son of this William of the same name with the father 17 Better'd this haven having license granted him by K. John to fortifie a castle built one here which now time has destroy'd and began a bridge which was finish'd at great expence by 18 Strivet in Holland Trivet a noble-man of Cornwall 19 Who founded also the Hospital of St. John here and Durkeswell-Abbey
which gives name to the house called Broke situated upon it Baron Brooâ—e This house was heretofore the seat of John Pavely Lord of the Hundred of Westbury and afterward gave the title of Baron to Rob. Willoughby because by the Cheneys he was descended from the family of Pavely when K. Henry 7. created him Peer of the realm of which King he was a great favourite and by him as it is reported made 9 Steward of his house and c. for some time Lord high Admiral For which reason he gave the r The Rudder is painted in several glass-windows of his house rudder of a ship for his Cognizance as Pompey the Admiral of the Roman Navy stamp'd the stern on his medals But this family was soon extinct for he left but one son Robert Baron Brook who had by his first wife a son call'd Edward who dy'd in his father's life-time and left one daughter afterwards married to Sir Fulk Grevil by his second wife he had two daughters by whom this rich estate came to the Marquess of Winchester and the Lord Montjoy Not far from hence toward the east lies Edindon Edindâ—â— heretofore Eathandune where K. Alfred won the most glorious victory that ever was obtained over the ravaging Danes and drove them to that extremity that they solemnly swore immediately to depart the land In this place also William de Edindon Bishop of Winchester a great favourite of K. Edw. 3. who was born here and from hence took his sirname founded a College for Canons call'd Bonhommes k Upon a hill a little above on the same rivulet stands Trubridge in old time Truþabrig that is Trubâ—â— a strong or true bridge But for what reason it had this name does not at all appear Now it is very noted for the Clothing-trade and shews the ruines of Å¿ The Castle says Leland stood on the south side of the town it is now clean down There was in it seven great towers whereof some pieces of two of them yet stand c. The Earls of Sarum were Lords of Thoroughbridge then the Dukes of Lancaster and now the Earl of Hertford So he The Court of the Dutchy of Lancaster for this County is annually held in this town about Michaelmas a Castle which belongeth to the Dutchy of Lancaster 11 And sometime to the Earl of Salisbury l The Avon being encreas'd by this river watereth Bradford â—radford in old time Bradanford call'd so from the Broad ford which standeth on the side of a hill and is built all of stone where a bloody battel was fought in the Civil wars between Kenilwachius K. of the West-Saxons â—n 652. and Cuthred his Kinsman Here the Avon leaveth Wiltshire and entreth into Somersetshire running toward the Bath m From hence the west limit of this Shire goes directly southward n by Longleat â—ongleat the well-contriv'd and splendid house 12 In a foul soil which c. tho' more than once damnified by fire 13 Hath risen eftsoons more fair of the Knightly family of the Thinnes descended from the Boteviles o Maiden-bradley â—aiden-â—radley so named because t This is a vulgar Fable the Hospital being built long before the division of that estate among daughters See the Additions to Worcestershire under the title Kidderminster one of the daughters and heiresses of Manasser Bisset a famous man in his time being her self a Leper built a Hospital here for leprous maids and endowed it with her inheritance her father had founded a Priory here u In the reign of K. Stephen before Stourton â—rons of â—ourton 〈◊〉 Hen. 6. the seat of the Barons of Stourton who were dignified with this title by K. Henry 6. w This is a mistake for Sir W. Stourton marry'd Elizabeth heiress to Sir John Moigne long before Hen. 6.'s time viz. 21 Ric. 2. See Sir William Dugdale's Baronage at which time a very great estate accru'd to them by a marriage with the heiress of the family of Le Moign or Monk not Mohun as some have erroneously thought and from thence their Crest is a Demi-Monk with a penitential whip in his hand The town took its name from the river Stour which riseth here out of six fountains between which proper the Stourtons Lords of this place bear for their Arms a Bend Or in a field sable By the foresaid Maiden-Bradley glides a rivulet call'd Dever-ril â—ver because like Anas in Spain and the Mole in Surry which took their names from thence x There is nothing at present to be heard of any such diving river it diveth under the earth and a mile off riseth up again and hasteneth to Verlucio â—erlucio a very ancient town mentioned by Antoninus the Emperor in his Itinerary which name it hath not yet quite lost being call'd Werminster â—erminster a compound of that old name and the Saxon word Minster which signifieth a Monastery Heretofore it had great privileges for it is recorded in the book which William the Conqueror caused to be made that nec geldavit nec hidata fuit that is it paid no tribute Now it is only famous for a great y Kept on Saturdays Corn-market and indeed it is scarce credible what quantities of Corn are every week carried hither and presently sold 14 But for remnants of Roman Antiquities I could discover none here only on the East side are seen some trenches upon the Hills and on the West a natural round and high cop'd hill called Clay-hill p From this place toward the south north and east all along the middle of the Shire the Downs are so wide that there can scarce be any bounds discover'd from whence they are call'd the Plains â—sbury-â—ns but thinly inhabited and heretofore of bad repute for frequent robberies The south part of them is water'd by two pleasant rivers the Willey-bourn the Guilou of Asserius and the Nadder commonly called Adder-bourn Willey-bourn having its first rise at Werminster runneth by Heitesbury or Hegedsbury the feat of the Barons of Hungerford q 15 But in the Church which hath been Collegiate there is seen but one defaced monument of them The last Lord Hungerford created by K. Henry 8. had his denomination of this place but enjoy'd that honour a short while being condemn'd of a crime not to be utter'd to a village called Willey Opposite to which is seen a very large military entrenchment fortify'd with a deep double ditch and called by the neighbouring inhabitants Yanesbury-Castle â—nesbury From it's figure any one may easily conclude that it was a Roman Camp Some think it was Vespasian's Camp who being Lieutenant of the 20th Legion under Claudius subdued two nations in this part of England to the Roman Empire and some remains of Vespasian's name are thought to be in Yanesbury r 16 Opposite to this on the other side of the water is another less
to believe it For Dio tells us that Plautius and Vespasian when they were sent by the Emperor Claudius against the Britains divided their forces into three several parties for the greater convenience of landing for fear they should have been more easily repulsed if they had attempted a Descent all at one place And from Suetonius we learn that Vespasian in this expedition engaged the enemy 30 times and brought under the Roman yoke the Isle of Wight which lies opposite to this County and two other valiant People for which victories by land and his happy voyages at sea Valerius Flaccus thus complements Vespasian and makes him more prosperous than Julius Caesar O tu Pelagi cui major aperti Fama Caledonius postquam tua Carbasa vexit Oceanus Phrygios prius indignatus Iulos O you whose glorious reign Can boast new triumphs o're the conquer'd main Since your bold navy pass'd the British sea That scorn'd the Caesars and the Roman sway And Apollonius Collatius Novariensis writeth thus Ille quidem nuper felici Marte Britannos Fuderat The Britains he of late o'recame In prosp'rous war How in this war Titus rescu'd his father Vespasian from an imminent danger when closely besieg'd by the Britains and how a snake twisted round the General at that time without doing him any harm which he interpreted as an omen of being afterward Emperor learn from Dio and Forcatulus But falling to my design I shall begin with the west-side of this County and having first survey'd the sea-coasts and the rivers that there fall into the Ocean I shall then pass to the more inland parts Near the western bounds of this County runs the gentle stream of the Avon River Avena or Avona which as soon as it enters into Hamshire meets with the ford of Cerdick call'd formerly Cerdicks-ford Cerdicks-ford b Cerdicesford in the Saxon Annals afterwards Cerdeford and now by contraction Chardford from Cerdick a valiant Saxon. For in this place the famous Cerdick engaging the Britains gave them so signal a defeat that he not only enlarged the limits of his own government but left it easie for posterity to maintain his conquests When before this in the year of our Lord 508. in a very sharp engagement Natanleod or Nazaleod he had conquer'd Natanleod a potent King of the Britains with great numbers of that People who is by others call'd Nazaleod and from his name a small tract of land reaching up to this place was call'd Natanleod as we read in the Saxon Annals in the search after which place I have been very curious but cannot yet find the least footsteps of that name b Nor indeed can I imagine who that Natanleod was Whether Natanleod and Aurelius Ambrosius was the same person Yet 't is most certain that at the same time Aurelius Ambrosius in these parts had many conflicts with the Saxon forces and with various success and yet this great man is never mention'd in those Annals of our Saxon Ancestors who as I observe have been forward enough in reciting those battles wherein they had themselves the advantage but mention none of those wherein they were losers betraying too great a partiality to their own cause Hence the river runs along by Regnewood or Ringwood Ringwood in Domesday book call'd Rincewed which was that Regnum Regnum a town of the Regni mention'd by Antoninus as we may believe both from the course of the Itinerary the remainder of the old name and the sense of the present For Ringwood by the Saxon addition seems to signifie The wood of the Regni That this was formerly a place of great eminence seems probable from the adjacent Hundred which derives it's name from thence but 't is now only famous for a good market The Avon running from hence takes in the river Stour which comes out of Dorsetshire and at the conflux of these two there stands a small populous market town now called Christchurch Christ-church from the Church so dedicated but heretofore from it's situation between two rivers Twinham Twinamburne upon the same account as the Interamna in Italy It was formerly strengthen'd with a Castle and adorned with an ancient Church of Prebendaries which being first built in the Saxon age was in the reign of William Rufus restored by Ralph Flammard Bishop of Durham who had been Dean of that Church and richly endow'd by Richard de Rivers Earl of Devonshire to whom King Henry 1. gave this place in fee and so continued in great repute to the time of Henry 8. and that fatal Fall of Monasteries Below this town the Stour and the Avon joyning in one chanel empty themselves into the sea at one mouth which Ptolemy call'd the mouth of the river Alaun The river Alaun and very rightly For I can scarce believe that Avon was the proper name of this river since that word is an appellative and the Britains call'd rivers in general by that name but I rather think it was of old called Alaun because there still remain some marks of that word in the villages upon it such as Allinton Allingham c. c On the east-side of this river William the Conquerour destroy'd all the towns villages and churches and turning out the poor inhabitants made a forest for wild beasts of more than thirty miles in circuit which the English in that age call'd Ytene we at this day New Forest New-Forest of which Walter Mapes who liv'd in the next age writes thus The Conqueror took away much land from God and men and converted it to the use of wild beasts and the sport of his dogs by which he demolish'd 36 Mother-Churches and drove away the poor inhabitants d This he did either to make a more easie access for his Normans into England for it lies opposite to Normandy in case there should be a new insurrection in this Island after his suppos'd Conquest of it or to indulge himself in hunting or to raise money by methods tho' never so unjust For he more merciful to beasts than to mankind appointed a most grievous pecuniary mulct and other more severe penalties to be inflicted on those who should trespass on his game But divine vengeance was not long wanting to this impious project of the King 's Example of Divine Vengeance for Richard his second son and William Rufus King of England another of his sons both lost their lives in this Forest the latter being casually c The place where William Rufus was kill'd is call'd says Leland Itinerar vol. 6. p. 100. Thorougham where there yet standeth a Chappel shot with an arrow by Walter Tirrel and the other poisoned by a pestilential blast And Henry his grandchild by Robert his eldest son while he was here eagerly pursuing his sport was caught by the head in the boughs and there ended his life to teach us that the crimes of parents are often punish'd upon their childrens children Of
Hungerford Hungerford a town particularly famous for the best Trouts but tho' it be situate upon a great road yet neither are its buildings or market very considerable The Constable who is annually chosen is Lord of the Mannour and holds it immediately of the King so that our Author seems to express it in terms too general when he says that all the Hungerford's Lands were restor'd to the Children of Walter Lord Hungerford who was executed for a crime not fit to be mention'd They have in this town a Horn holding about a quart the Inscription whereof affirms it to have been given by John of Gaunt along with the Rial-fishing so 't is there express'd in a certain part of the river i From thence the Kennet runs to Newbury Newbury famous for the Engagements there between his Majesty King Charles 1. and the Parliament-Army in the late Civil Wars k And then to Reading Reading in Saxon as our Author observes Rheadyge tho' the Saxon Annals call it Reading Raeding and Reding Where the Castle stood ‖ Itinerar MS. Leland says he could not exactly discover but imagines it might stand at the west-end of Castle-street It is probable that some part of the Abbey was built out of the ruins of it and it might perhaps be upon the very spot where the Abbey was Now there is not so much as a tradition of any Castle that ever was there only the precincts of the Abbey are some signs of Fortifications but those they affirm to have been cast up no longer since than the last Civil Wars and the tracks also of the two Bastions are according to the modern way of fortifying However the Coins found there are an evidence of the Antiquity of the place one particularly of gold and another of brass but of what People I have not learn'd The great support of the town as our Author hints and Leland expresly tells us was Cloathing but the convenience of the river giving great encouragement to the Mault-trade they now apply themselves especially to that and find it turn to so good account that their employment about Cloath is in a great measure laid aside For whereas they have had formerly sevenscore Clothiers now their number is but very small l Next the Thames goes to Windsor call'd in Saxon Windlesoure Windlesora and also Windlesofra from the winding banks ofre in that language signifying a bank or shore The Kings of England have all along had a great affection for this place upon the account of it's situation but none more than King Charles 2. who at great expences very much beautified the Lodgings both by curious Paintings and other improvements EARLS of Barkshire This County gave the title of Earl first to Francis Norris created Jan. 28. 1620. but he dying without issue-male it was bestow'd upon Thomas Howard Viscount Andover who was succeeded in it by Charles his son and heir and this Charles by Thomas Howard his brother More rare Plants growing wild in Barkshire Myrtus Brabantica sive Elaeagnus Cordi Ger. Gaule or Dutch Myrtle See the Synonymes in Dorsetshire By old Windsor park corner Park p. 1451. Orchis galeâ alis ferè cinercis J. B. Cynos orchis latifolia hiante cucullo minor C. B. latifolia minor Park major altera Ger. The man Orchies On Cawsham hills by the Thames-side not far from Reading Polygonatum Ger. vulgare Park latifolium vulgare C. B. Polygonatum vulgò sigillum Solomonis J. B. Solomon's Seal In a field adjoyning to the Wash at Newberry and in divers other places of Barkshire Observed by my worthy friend Mr. George Horsnell Chirurgeon in London Hieracium Pulmonaria dictum angustifolium Pulmonaria Gallica seu aurea angustifolia Ger. emac. Narrow-leaved golden Lungwort Found in an old Roman camp at Sidmonton near Newberry Ger. emac. p. 305. SVRREY by Robt. Morden REGNI NEXT the Attrebatii to the East the Regni call'd by Ptolemy 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 inhabited those Counties we now call Surrey and Southsex with the sea-coast of Hamshire As to the Etymology of the name I am inclin'd to conceal my present opinion because 't is possible it may be as much out of the way as if I should affirm the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to be so call'd as being a Regnum or Kingdom because the Romans granted it the Privilege of continuing under Kingly government For as Tacitus tells us Cogidunus King of the Britains had certain Cities put under his Jurisdiction according to an ancient custom of the Romans with no other design than that they might have Kings their tools and slaves But this conjecture to my self does not appear probable but to others will seem absurd and so I casheer it As for the Saxon names which are of a later date I readily close with them since they have such a clear appearance of truth Namely South-sex from the South-Saxons and Surrey from their Southerly situation upon a river For that this is the meaning of Suth-rey no one can deny that considers how Over-they in the old Saxon signifies Over the river SVTH-REY SURREY call'd by Bede Suthriona commonly Suthrey and Surrey by the Saxons from it's situation upon the South-side of the river â—â—ey Suðrea for Suð with them signifies the South and rea a river joyns upon the West to Barkshire and Hamshire on the South to Sussex on the East to Kent and on the North is wash'd and parted from Middlesex by the river Thames The County is not very large but rich enough where it lies upon the Thames and where it is an open champain it is tolerably fruitful both in corn and hay especially to the South where a continu'd low vale runs along call'd formerly from the woods Holms-dale â—olmsdale which an intermixture of woods fields and meadows renders exceeding pleasant Here and there are long ridges of hills the parks are every where stor'd with Deer and the rivers with fish which two afford the agreeable pleasures of hunting and fishing It is by some liken'd to a coarse garment or cloath of a slight and coarse make with a green border the inner part of the County being barren the outer or as it were the hemme more fruitful In the survey of it I will make the Thames and the rivers that flow into it my guides by which means I shall omit nothing memorable all the places of any note for their antiquity lying upon the rivers The Thames to go along with the stream of it so soon as it has left Barkshire glides along to a It is in Saxon call'd Ceortes-ige Chertsey â—hertsey call'd by Bede Ceroti Insula i.e. the Island of Cerotus but now it scarce makes a peninsula except in winter time In this as a place most retir'd from the commerce of the world Frithwald a petty King of Surrey under Wulpher King of the Mercians for so he stiles himself in the Foundation-Charter and Erchenwald Bishop of London built a
possessions who after he had inlarg'd it with a well-furnish'd Library and some new works left it at his death to the Baron of Lumley a person whose whole course of life did truly answer his character from him by bargain it return'd to the Crown h Near this place for I cannot think it unworthy the mentioning is a vein of potter's earth famous for those little vessels the goldsmiths use to melt their gold in being made of it upon which account it carries a good rate The small and clear river Vandal The Vandal riv abounding with the best trouts rises at Cashalton a little distance from hence and running by Morden washes a town upon the western bank of it situate in a most fruitful place call'd Merton Merton in Saxon Meredune formerly famous for the death of Kenulph King of the West-Saxons slain in the cottage of a certain harlot here with whom he was smitten by †Clyte Prince Kinehard and the Prince himself presently kill'd upon the spot by the friends of Kenulph was punish'd answerably to his treachery Now it shews nothing but the ruins of a monastery built by Henry 1. 10 For Black-Canons at the instance of Gilbert Viscount of Surry 11 In the year 1127. which was famous for the Statute of Merton enacted in the 21 Hen. 8. and also for Walter de Merton founder of Merton-College in Oxford born and bred here which was famous for a Parliament held there under Henry 3. Afterwards the Vandal is augmented by a small river from the east which arises at Croydon Croydon formerly Cradiden lying under the hills and particularly famous for a palace of the Archbishops of Canterbury whose it has been now for a long time and for coals which the inhabitants trade withal Those that live there tell you that a Royal palace stood formerly on the west part of the town near Haling where the rubbish of buildings is now and then digg d up by the husbandmen and that the Archbishops after it was bestow'd on them by the King transferr'd it to their own palace nigher the river Near which the most Reverend father in God John Whitgift Archbishop of Canterbury of blessed memory out of a pious disposition built and endow'd a beautiful Hospital for the relief of the poor and a School for the promotion of good learning For the torrent that the vulgar affirm to rise here sometimes The bourn and to presage dearth and pestilence it seems hardly worth so much as the mentioning tho' perhaps it may have something of truth in it Near to this place is Beddington Beddington i where is a most neat and curious house adorn'd with pleasant orchards and gardens built by Sir Francis Carew Knight For 't is an ancient seat of the Carews who are descended from Nicholas Baron Carew of Moulesford the Carews of Devonshire are of the same family too and have flourish'd a long time in this County especially since 12 Sir James J. Carew marry'd the daughter and coheir of the noble Baron Hoo 13 And Hastings To digress a little from the river Eastward from Croydon standeth Addington now the habitation of Sir Oliff Leigh whereby is to be seen the ruble of a Castle of Sir Robert Agvilon and from him of the Lords Bardolph who held certain lands here in fee by Serjeanty to find in the King's kitchin at the Coronation one to make a dainty dish which they call'd Mapigernoun and Dilgerunt What that was I leave to the skilful in ancient Cookery Wibbandune now commonly Wimbledon Wimbledon is seated upon the other bank of the Vandal where after the British war was ended and too much happiness began to breed civil dissentions among the Saxons Aethelbert King of Kent first rais'd a civil war against his own Countrymen The first civil wars among the Saxons But Ceaulin King of the West-Saxons luckily defeated him in this place with great loss on Aethelbert's side particularly the two Captains Oslan and Cneben were slain from the latter whereof 't is possible that the military fortification I saw here of a circular form call'd Bensbury or Cnebensbury might take it's name Now it 's greatest ornament is a house as of a stately structure so made pleasant by it's prospect and gardens built by Sir Thomas Cecil Kt. son of the most prudent Baron Burghley in the year 1588. when the Spanish Armada was upon our coasts Two miles from hence to the south upon the very top of a hill is a little wood call'd at this day Woodcote Woodcote where are the plain remains of a small city and several wells built of little pieces of flints the neighbourhood talk much of it's populousness richness and number of it's * Patriciorum Aldermen This I take to be the City which Ptolemy calls Noiomagus Antoninus Noviomagus g Mr. Somner Antiquit. of Canterbury p. 24. has prov'd from the course of the Itinerary that it must necessarily lie in Kent which opinion is confirm'd by Dr. Stillingfleet Orig. Britan. p. 63. See the Additions to Kent under the title Hollow-wood hill where it may probably enough be settled Noviomagus nor need I insist upon any other arguments for it besides that of distance For 't is ten miles from London and eighteen from Vagniacae or Maidston as is hinted by an old Itinerary Those therefore are very much out of the way who have plac'd this Noviomagus either at Buckingham or Guilford It was the chief City of the REGNI and known to Marinus Tyrius a very ancient Geographer whom Ptolemy takes upon him to censure because he had put Noviomagus in Britain in a more northerly climate than London and in the method of his Itinerary set it more to the south Upon the Thames next to the mouth of the Vandal where is a little town call'd from it Wandlesworth 14 Between Putney the native soil of Thomas Cromwell one of the flowting stocks of fortune stands the small village Batersey in old Saxon Patryks-ea and in latin Patricii insula i.e. Patrick's Isle and the Royal seat call'd Kennington Kennington whither the Kings of England us'd to retire the discovery whereof 't is vain to endeavour after there appearing neither name nor rubbish to direct us Next is Lambith Lambith or Lomebith that is a dirty station or haven formerly made famous by the death of Canutus the valiant King of England who there breath'd out his last in the middle of his Cups For he giving himself wholly over to eating and drinking ordered as Henry of Huntingdon has it that a Royal meal should be serv'd up to his whole Court four times a day chosing rather that dishes should be sent off his Table untoucht by those he had invited than that other dishes should be call'd for by those that came in after uninvited But now it is more famous for the palace of the Archbishops of Canterbury For
necessity of contriving a pond to water their cattel and this rubbish was thrown out of that place The foremention'd river rising out of a hill hereabouts runs to Albury Albury which when but a mean structure was yet the delight of that excellent person Thomas Earl of Arundel a great lover of Antiquities who purchasing this place of the Randylls made it his darling Henry his grandson Duke of Norfolk had no less affection for it he began there a magnificent Pile cut a Canal planted spacious Gardens and Vineyards adorn'd with Fountains Grots c. But what is above all singular and remarkable is an Hypogaeum or Perforation made through a mighty hill and large enough at one end for a coach to pass being about a furlong or more in length and so leads o'er into an agreeable and pleasant valley It was at first intended for a way up to the house but a rock at the south-end hinder'd that design This noble seat is enclos'd with a park and much improv'd by the honourable Heneage Finch Esq late Sollicitor-General who having purchas'd it of the father of the present Duke of Norfolk is daily adding to its beauty Nor is this place less celebrated for that famous Mathematician William Oughtred who liv'd and dy'd Rector of this Parish At a little distance from hence is St. Martha's Chapel St. Martha's Chapel seated conspicuously on a copp'd mountain This seems to have been thrown up by some fiery Eruption or Vulcano as several other such Elevations towards the edge of Sussex confirm Beneath this hill is Chilworth the seat of Morgan Randyl Esq owner of the most considerable Powder-works brought first into England by George Evelyn Esq and best Hop gardens in England Not far off is Tower-hill the seat of Edward Bray Esq of a very ancient and honourable family e Returning to the Mole we see Beechworth Beechworth the feat as our Author observes of the Browns But now that name after a long series of Knights is at last extinguish'd in a daughter 'T is at the foot of the Castle here that the river Mole bending to the precipice of Box-hill is swallow'd up Between Beechworth and Darking stands Deepden Deepden the situation whereof is somewhat surprising by reason of the risings and uniform acclivities about it which naturally resemble a Roman Amphitheatre or rather indeed a Theatre it is open at the north-end and is of an oval form Now it is most ingeniously cast and improv'd into gardens vineyards and other plantations both on the Area below and sides of the environing hills with frequent grotts here and there beneath the terraces leading to the top from whence one has a fair prospect of that part of Surrey and of Sussex as far as the South-downs for near 30 miles out-right The honourable Charles Howard Uncle to the present Duke of Norfolk and Lord of half the mannour of Darking is solely entitl'd to this ingenious contrivance Going along Holmesdale which extends it self to the foot of that ledge of Mountains which stretch and link themselves from the utmost promontory of Kent to the Lands end we have on the right hand White-down White-down where is a vast Delf of chalk which in summer time they carry with great labour as far as the middle of Sussex as they bring of the same material from the opposite hills by the sea-coast of that County and these two being mingl'd together are burnt into lime for the enriching of their grounds Here are likewise dug up cockle-shells and other Lusus naturae with pyrites bedded an incredible depth within the bowels of the mountains upon which many Yew-trees grow spontaneously tho' of late they are much diminish'd and their places taken up with corn Not far from the bottom of this hill stands an ancient seat of the Evelyns of Wotton Wotton among several streams gliding thro' the meadows adorn'd with gentle risings and woods which as it were encompass it And these together with the gardens fountains and other hortulane ornaments have given it a place and name amongst the most agreeable seats It is at present with many fair Lordships about it the possession of that worthy and hospitable Gentleman George Evelyn Esq who having serv'd in many Parliaments from 1641. is perhaps the most ancient member thereof now living In opening the ground of the Church-yard of Wotton to enlarge a Vault belonging to Mr. Evelyn's family they met with a skeleton which was 9 foot and 3 inches long as the worthy Mr. John Evelyn had it attested by an ancient and understanding man then present and still living who accurately measur'd it and mark'd the length on a pole with other workmen who affirm the same They found it lying in full length between two boards of the coffin and so measur'd it before they had discompos'd the bones But trying to take it out it fell all to pieces for which reason they flung it amongst the rest of the rubbish after they had separately measur'd several of the more solid bones Hereabouts is a thing remarkable tho' but little taken notice of I mean that goodly prospect from the top of Lith-hill which from Wotton rises almost insensibly for 2 or 3 miles south but then has a declivity almost as far as Horsham in Sussex 8 miles distant From hence it is one may see in a clear day the goodly Vale and consequently the whole County of Sussex as far as the South-downs and even beyond them to the sea the entire County of Surrey part of Hamshire Barkshire Oxfordshire Buckinghamshire and Hartfordshire as also of Middlesex Kent and Essex and farther yet as is believ'd into Wiltshire c. could one well distinguish 'em without the aid of a Telescope The whole circumference cannot be less than 200 miles far exceeding that of the Keep at Windsor over which as also over the City of London 25 miles distant one sees as far as the eye unarm'd with the glass is able to distinguish land from sky The like I think is not to be found in any part of England or perhaps Europe besides and the reason why it is not more observ'd is partly its lying quite out of any road and partly its rising so gently and making so little show till one is got to the very top of it from the side thereof a great part of the brow is slidden down into the grounds below caus'd by a delf of stones dug out of the sides of the mountain and the bare places from whence the earth is parted being of a reddish colour plainly appear above 40 miles off But here we must not forget Darking Darking memorable for a very large Camp in that Parish near Homebury-hill and not far from the road between Darking and Arundel It is double trench'd and deep containing by estimation about 10 acres at least f Where the Mole comes from under ground Mole riâ—â— it spreads it self so very wide as to require a
Anderida sylva so nam'd from Anderida the next adjoyning city took up in this quarter 120 miles in length and 30 in breadth memorable for the death of Sigebert a King of the West-Saxons who being depos'd b In a place call'd Pryfetes flodan Aethelwerd l. 2. c. 17. was here stabb'd to death by a Swine-herd It has many little rivers but those that come from the north-side of the County presently bend their course to the sea and are therefore unable to carry vessels of burden It is full of Iron-mines everywhere Iron for the casting of which there are Furnaces up and down the Country and abundance of wood is yearly spent many streams are drawn into one chanel and a great deal of meadow-ground is turned into Ponds and Pools for the driving of Mills by the * Suo impetu flashes which beating with hammers upon the iron fill the neighbourhood round about night and day with their noise But the iron here wrought is not everywhere of the same goodness yet generally more brittle than the Spanish whether it be from it's nature or tincture and temper Nevertheless the Proprietors of the mines by casting of Cannon and other things get a great deal of money But whether the nation is any ways advantag'd by them is a doubt the next age will be better able to resolve Neither doth this County want Glass-houses Glass but the glass here made by reason of the matter or making I know not which is not so clear and transparent and therefore only us'd by the ordinary sort of people b This whole County as to it 's Civil partition is divided into 6 parts which by a peculiar term they call Rapes that is of Chichester Arundell Brembre Lewes Pevensey and Hastings every one of which besides their Hundreds has a Castle River and Forest of it 's own But c In the Map the Rapes are now duely distinguish'd and divided forasmuch as I have little knowledge of the limits within which they are bounded I design to take my way along the shore from west to east for the inner parts scatter'd here and there with villages have scarce any thing worth mentioning In the very confines of Hamshire and this County stands Bosenham Boseham commonly call'd Boseham environ'd round about with woods and the sea together where as Bede saith Dicul a Scotch Monk had a very small Cell and 5 or 6 Brothers living poorly and serving God which was a long time after converted into a private retreat for K. Harold From which place as he once in a little Pinnace made to sea for his recreation he was by a sudden turn of the wind driven upon the coast of France and there detain'd till he had by oath assur'd the Kingdom of England unto William of Normandy after the death of K. Edw. the Confessor by which means he presently drew upon himself his own ruin and the kingdom's overthrow But with what a subtle double meaning that cunning catcher of syllables Earl Godwin's double meaning Godwin Earl of Kent this Harold's Father got this place and deluded the Archbishop by captious wrestings of letters Walter Mapes who liv'd not many years after shall in his own very words inform you out of his book de Nugis Curialium This Boseham underneath Chichester says he Godwin saw and had a mind to and being accompanied with a great train of Lords comes smiling and jesting to the Archbishop of Canterbury whose town it then was My Lord says he give me * Alluding perhaps to Basium a Kiss in times past us'd in doing homage Boseam The Archbishop wondring what he demanded by that question I give you says he Boseam He presently with his company of Knights and Soldiers fell down as he had before design'd at his feet and kissing them with a world of thanks retires to Boseham and by force of arms kept possession as Lord of it and having his followers as Witnesses to back him gave the Archbishop a great many commendations as the Donor in the King's presence and so held it peaceably Afterwards as we read in Testa de Nevil which was an Inquisition of lands made in K. John's time King William who afterwards conquer'd England gave this to William Fitz-Aucher and his heirs in fee-farm paying out of it yearly into the Exchequer 40 pounds of silver d See in Wiltshire under the title Old Salisbury try'd and weigh'd and afterwards William Marshall held it as his inheritance Chichester Chichester in British Caercei in Saxon Cissanceaster in Latin Cicestria stands in a Plain farther inwards upon the same arm of the sea with Boseham a pretty large city and wall'd about built by Cissa the Saxon the second King of this Province taking also it 's name from him For Cissan-ceaster is nothing else but the City of Cissa whose father Aella was the first Saxon that here erected a kingdom Yet before the Norman conquest it was of little reputation noted only for St. Peter's Monastery and a little Nunnery But in the reign of William 1. as appears by Domesday book there were in it 100 Hagae and it was in the hands of Earl Roger †De 〈◊〉 Gomâ—rice i.e. of Montgomery and there are in the said place 60 houses more than there were before It paid 15 pound to the King and 10 to the Earl Afterwards when in the reign of the said William 1. it was ordain'd that the Bishops Sees should be translated out of little towns to places of greater note and resort this city being honour'd with the Bishop's residence which was before at Selsey began to flourish Not many years after Bishop Ralph built there a Cathedral Church which before it was fully finish'd was by a casual fire suddenly burnt down Notwithstanding by his endeavours and K. Hen. 1.'s liberality it was raised up again and now besides the Bishop has a Dean a Chaunter a Chancellor a Treasurer 2 Archdeacons and 30 Prebendaries At the same time the city began to flourish and had certainly been much frequented and very rich had not the haven been a little too far off and less commodious which nevertheless the citizens are about making more convenient by digging a new canal It is wall'd about in a circular form and is wash'd on every side except the north by the e The course of this river's stream is very unaccountable sometimes being quite dry but at other times and that very often too in the midst of Summer it is so full as to run very violently little river Lavant having 4 gates opening to the 4 quarters of the world from whence the streets lead directly and run cross in the middle where the market is kept and where Bishop Robert Read built a fine stone Piazza As for the castle which stood not far from the north gate it was anciently the seat of the Earls of Arundel who from hence wrote themselves Earls of Chichester Earls of
more remarkable by giving the title of Viscount Maidstone to the honorable family of the Finches Earls of Winchelsea Elizabeth wife of Sir Moyle Finch sole daughter and heir of Sir Thomas Heneage being first advanc'd to the dignity of Viscountess Maidstone July 8. 21 Jac. 1. with remainder to the heirs males of her body and for a fight which happen'd here June 2. 1648. between Sir Thomas Fairfax General for the Parliament and some Kentish Gentlemen who had taken arms in defence of King Charles 1. and posted themselves in this town Which they so well defended tho' unequal in number the streets being well man'd and the houses well lin'd within that General Fairfax with an army of near 10000 men could not gain it from them till 12 a clock at night it enduring no less than 3 assaults by storm with such obstinacy that the veteran soldiers confess'd whatever they got was by inches and dearly bought and that they had never met with the like desperate service during all the war Lamb. â—â—mb p. â—6 At Maidstone and not below it a rivulet joyneth Medway which riseth saith Lambard at Bygon others at Ewell in a little wood less than a mile west of Lenham Lenham which I cannot allow to be the Aqua-Lena mention'd by our Author much rather should I think it to be the spring in the town call'd Streetwell perhaps from the Strata of the Romans that led hither heretofore which possibly too might give name to the Station here call'd Durolenum Burton's Comment 〈◊〉 the Itin. â— 213. it having the true distance in the Itinerary from Durobrovis or Rochester according to Aldus's copy which is 16 miles but not so from Durovernum or Canterbury which in all the copies I have yet seen is but 12 from Durolevum whereas it is distant from Lenham at least 16 and so suits not very well with our Author's assertion nor could I hear of any Roman Antiquities ever found hereabout to confirm his opinion The distances then disagreeing so much and no Antiquities appearing 't is plain there is little else left beside the similitude of names to support it What then if we should pitch upon Bapchild a place lying between Sittingbourn and Ospringe the ancient name whereof is Baccanceld afterwards contracted into Beck-child and now corruptly call'd Bapchild For as Dur denotes water so Bec in the Saxon answers that or at least the termination celd implying a pool will in some measure suit the old name But what is of more consequence in this matter is its being in the Saxon-times a place of very great note insomuch that Archbishop Brightwald An. 700. held a Synod at it Now 't is a general remark made by Antiquaries that the Saxons particularly fix'd upon those places where the Romans had left their Stations from whence at present so many of our towns end in Chester And even at this day here are the ruins of two old Churches or Chapels besides the Parish-Church Moreover if the Roman-road betwixt the Kentish cities was the same with the present then Durolevum which by the by is only read Durolenum to reconcile it to Lenham must be somewhere about this Parish because no other place in the present road is of so agreeable a distance between the said Cities Now there cannot be a shorter cut between Rochester and Canterbury than that at present is unless one should level hills or travel through bogs and yet by this the distance between is about 25 miles the same with the Itinerary Iter. 2. 4. as also where Durolevum comes between 13 to it from Rochester and 12 from it to Canterbury makes exactly the same number That there are no visible remains of the old Road may be very well attributed to this that having been all along one of the most frequented Roads in England and us'd probably ever since the Roman works were made it is now levell'd with the adjacent earth and only serves for a good bottom The old Causey indeed between Canterbury and Lemanis does still in part remain and is call'd Stone-street being the common way into those quarters But then for these 1000 years that has been private and inconsiderable with respect to this other and the soil too may make a difference For that to Lemanis has a foundation all of natural rock and hard chalk and the adjoyning fields afford sufficient quantity of most lasting materials Whereas from Rochester to Canterbury the soil is of it self soft and tender and the neighbouring parts yield no such supply of durable materials As to it 's having been a constant road it may be thus made probable In Bede's time the distance between Rochester and Canterbury was * Pag. 116. Edit Wheel 24 miles and so some call it at this day 24 others 25. so that it could not be alter'd then In the 12th Century there was a Maison Dieu erected at Ospringe for the receiving Knights Templars coming into and going out of the Kingdom And †Poems pag. 54. Chaucer going in Pilgrimage to St. Thomas pass'd thro' Boughton to Canterbury as they still do However I can rather comply with our Author and be content that Lenham should pass for Durolenum than with ‖ Hist of Cant. p. 25. â—in p. 179 180. c. Mr. Somner or Mr. Burton who place it at Newington near Sittingbourn where 't is true many Roman Antiquities have been found yet being but 8 miles from Rochester and 17 from Canterbury 't is altogether out of distance on both sides But tho' no Antiquities appear at Lenham there is a thing exceeding remarkable mention'd on the Tomb of Robert Thompson Esq in the Church there who was grandchild to that truly religious matron Mary Honywood wise of Robert Honywood of Charing Esq She had at her decease lawfully descended from her 367 children 16 of her own body 114 grandchildren 228 in the third generation and 9 in the fourth her renown liveth with her posterity her body lyeth in this Church and her monument may be seen in Marks hall in Essex wheâ—e she died p The Medway having past Maidstone cometh to Aylesford Aylesford where the Britains not only defeated the Saxons as Mr. Camden tells us but whither also King Edmund Ironside pursu'd the Danes and slew many of them and thence drove them into Shepey where had he not been stop'd by the treachery of Duke Eadric he had finally destroy'd them Here also Radulphus Frisburn under the patronage of Richard Lord Grey of Codnor with whom he return'd from the wars of the Holy Land founded a house for Carmelites in Aylesford wood An. 1240 in imitation of those whose lives he had observed in the wilderness of Palestine †Pas de Script p. 345. 354. where they throve so well that quickly after in An. 1245. there was a general Chapter of the order held here in which John Stock so call'd from his living in a hollow tree was chosen General of the
Burrill is single-trench'd and seems to have been ruin'd before fully finish'd Within the bank it contains 20 acres of arable land but on the west and south sides there is no bank nor trench which probably was occasion'd by the steep Meres that would not give leave to draw them The New-merch or de novo mercatu mention'd by our Author came in with the Conquerour but had only two daughters Hawys and Isabel as Sir William Dugdale in his Baronage has told us Mr. Camden's mistake in making three seems occasion'd by the elder being marry'd first to John Botereaux and afterwards to Nicholas de Moels which two he says marry'd two of the daughters This Deorham from Ralph Russel descended to Sir Gilbert Dennys who marry'd the heiress of that family thence to the Winters whose heiress marry'd to William Blathwayt Esq the present possessor he hath built here a stately new fabrick in the room of the old one Not far from hence lyeth Great Badminton Great Bâ—minton a seat belonging to his Grace Henry Duke of Beaufort which having been made his Country-residence since the demolishment of Rayland Castle is so adorn'd with stately additions to the house large parks neat and spacious gardens variety of fountains walks avenues Paddocks and other contrivances for recreation and pleasure as to make it justly esteem'd one of the most complete seats in the kingdom all which is owing to the care judgment and expence of the present Duke But here we must not omit Chipping-Sodbury Chippinâ—-Sodbury a market-town below the hills which hath a Free-school and was govern'd by a Bailiff but about 1681. 't was made a Corporation with a Mayor Aldermen and Burgesses which was suppressed by the Proclamation of K. James 1688. Next is Wotton-under-edge Wotton-under-eâ— famous for Cloathing where is a noble Free-school erected by Catherine relict of Thomas Lord Berkley in the year 1385. an Alms-house by Hugh Perry Alderman of London in 1632. which cost 1000 l. and the like sum was given by Sir Jonathan Daws late Sheriff of London for the relief of the poor w In this bottom lyeth Dursly Dursâ—y a market-town famous for Cloathing Kingeswood Abbey which our Author mentions is by all writers plac'd in Glocestershire whereas the whole Parish is really in the County of Wilts under the power of their Sheriffs and Justices but within the Diocese of Glocester It was founded by William Berkley 1139. thence removed to Tetbury and at last fix'd here till the Dissolution x Above the hills is Beverston Beverston Castle which formerly belong'd to the Berkleys but is now in the possession of Sir William Hicks Baronet Beyond which lyeth Tetbury where is a great market for yarn and a Free-school and Alms-house by the bounty of Sir William Romney a native of the place It belong'd to the Berkleys but they sold their right to the inhabitants who now enjoy the tolls and profits of the markets and fairs y In Coteswold near Norlich or North-Leach at a village call'd Farmington Aubr MS. is an exceeding large Roman camp nam'd Norbury Norbury 850 paces long and 473 broad The Works are but single and not very high 't is now a corn-field and not far from it westward there is a barrow In the same Would is Painswick-Parish about 5 miles from Glocester †wherein is Kimsbury-Castle Kimsbury-Castle exceeding high Ibid. on the north-side it has a vast precipice and on the other sides stupendous Works From hence is a most lovely prospect over the Vale to Malvern-hills to Shropshire Worcestershire Herefordshire and Monmouthshire z In the north part of the County is Camden â—amden a market-town famous for Stockings It gave the title of Viscount to Sir Baptist Hicks 4 Car. 1. who was a great benefactor to this place by erecting an Alms-house rebuilding the market-place and annexing the Impropriation of Winfryth in Dorsetshire for the augmentation of the Vicaridge He built here a curious house near the Church which was burnt in the late Civil Wars lest it should be a garrison for the Parliament and lyes bury'd in the south I le of the Church which is adorn'd with such noble monuments of marble as equal if not exceed most in England He gave in his life-time ten thousand pounds to charitable uses as his Epitaph mentions and leaving only two daughters the honour descended to my Lord Noel by marrying the eldest of them whose posterity are now Earls of Gainsburrow The Weston mention'd by our Author near this place is not that where Ralph Sheldon built his house for he had no land there but Weston in the parish of Long-Compton in Warwickshire of which place he was then Lord as his posterity are to this day Beyond Camden on a rising ground is Ebburton where the Lord Chancellour Fortescue lies buried his monument was not erected till the year 1677. aa Next is Hales-Abbey which was begun in the year 1246. and when 't was dedicated the King Queen and Court were all present at the solemnity There are now but small remains of it only a neat cloyster the rest being turn'd into a fair house now in the possession of William Lord Tracy of Toddington two miles off where he has a stately house the seat of his Ancestors Alexander de Hales mention'd by our Author lies bury'd in the Cordeliers Church in Paris and if his Epitaph says true dy'd 1245. a year before this Abbey was begun so that I do not see how he could have his education here bb Not far from hence is Winchcomb Wâ—nchcomb where are scarce any ruins visible either of the Abbey or of that which was call'd Ivy-Castle or of St. Nicholas Church that stood in the east part of the town The inhabitants made planting of Tobacco their chief business which turn'd to good account till restrain'd by the 12 Car. 2. they decay'd by little and little and are now generally poor cc A little lower lies Brimpsfield Brimpsfield which was formerly a place of some repute for we find that Lionel Duke of Clarence had a Charter for a weekly market here on Tuesdays and a Fair on the Eve of Corpus Christi here was also a Priory and a Castle but both are vanish'd John Gifford Lord of this place founded Glocester-hall in Oxon. for the Monks of Glocester dd On the edge of Oxfordshire is Stow Stow. a great market where as the common observation goes they have but one element viz. Air there being neither wood common field nor water belonging to the town It hath an Alms-house a Free school and a multitude of poor Here in the year 1645. March 21. the forces of King Charles 1. being over-power'd were routed by the Parliament-Army ee Next is North leach Northleach a market-town with a neat Church Here is a good Grammar-school founded by Hugh Westwood Esq who as 't is commonly reported came afterwards to be low in the world and desiring
between the Houses of York and Lancaster was fought on a fair plain call'd Danes-more nigh Edgcot in the County of Northampton within three miles of Banbury But neither here do our Historians tells us the fortune of the day was decisive but the Earl of Pembroke and Lord Stafford taking up their quarters at Banbury quarrel'd for an Inn which gave the Earl of Warwick an opportunity to set upon them and to take the Earl of Pembroke and Sir Richard Herbert prisoners who were barbarously beheaded So after upon a treacherous overture of peace the Earl of Warwick surpris'd the King at Wolvey and carried him Prisoner to Warwick k There is a credible story that while Philemon Holland was carrying on his English edition of this Britannia Mr. Camden came accidentally to the Press when this sheet was working off and looking on he found that to his own observation of Banbury being famous for Cheese the Translator had added Cakes and Ale But Mr. Camden thinking it too light an expression chang'd the word Ale into Zeal and so it pass'd to the great indignation of the Puritans of this town l Upon the same river lyes Islip Islip call'd in the Pipe-rolls of Henry 2. Hiltesleape in a Charter of Henry 2. Ileslepe and in a Presentation of the Abbey of Westminster 6 Henr. 3. Ighteslep We meet with nothing of the Original Charter mention'd by our Author in Dugdale notwithstanding which Dr. Plot is enclin'd to believe there was really such an one extant and a palace here from the footsteps of that ancient building and of the Chapel as also the Town 's still belonging to the Church of Westminster But of late the Saxon-Copy of the greatest part of it has been discover'd by that excellent Antiquary Mr. Kennet who designs shortly to publish this among many other Original Instruments in his Parochial Antiquities of Ambrosden Burcester c. The place is there call'd Giðslepe which is easily melted into Islep or Islip by casting away the initial G. in the same manner that GypesÆ¿ic is changed into Ipswich and Gifteley near Oxford into Isley In the Chapel there which is call'd the King's Chapel there stood not many years since a Font the very same as Tradition has constantly deliver'd it down wherein Edward the Confessor was baptiz'd But this being put to an indecent use as well as the Chapel was at last piously rescu'd from it and remov'd to the garden of Sir Henry Brown Baronet of Nether Riddington in this County The Church continues in the patronage of the Dean and Chapter of Westminster the present Rector is Dr. Robert South who at his own expence has built a new decent Chancel a beautiful Parsonage-house a spacious Barn c. to the interest of the Church the credit of the Clergy and his own immortal honour m Next is Hedindon Hedindon which tradition says was in the Saxon times a nursery of the King's children and it seems likewise to have had a Royal seat where K. Ethelred resided particularly when he granted a Charter to the Monastery of S. Frideswide wherein the date is thus mention'd This privilege was idith in Heddington and afterward in Latin Scripta fuit haec cedula jussu praefati Regis in villa Râ—gia quae appellatur Another argument of a Royal seat here was a Free-Chapel exempt from all customs due to the Bishop of Lincoln and Archdeacon of Oxford which Maud the Empress confirm'd to the Church of St. Frideswide n Hence going by Weston Weston the seat of Sir Edward Norris we come to Burcester Burcester where is a fair and spacious Church and in the division of Kings-end stands a pleasant and convenient seat of Mr. John Coker Lord of that manour Most of the lands in Market-end are part of the estate of Sir William Glynne Baronet whose beautiful seat is within two miles at Ambrosden where the Parish-Church is neat and well-adorn'd and the Vicarage house adjoyning of great strength and good prospect built in the year 1638. at the sole charge of Dr. John Stubbing the then worthy Vicâ—r o A little way from hence is Alchester Alchester the bounds of which quadrangular Camp or garrison are still visible tho' the area or site of it has been for a long time a part of the common field of Wendlebury The reason of the name is an evidence of it's Antiquity whether we make it with our Author Aldchester or Allecti castrum from the Roman Allectus an opinion ingeniously deliver'd and maintain'd with much shew of truth in a short History of Alchester the original MS. whereof is in the hands of the learned and pious Mr. Samuel Blackwell B. D. late Vicar of Burcester now Rector of Brampton in the County of Northampton p But a better mark of it's Antiquity is the situation upon the Akemanstreat Akemanstreet the Consular way which does not as our Author has it pass thither through Otmore but coming down from Tuchwic-grounds in the common road from Ailsbury to Bisiter and passing over that marshy vale which gave name to the neighbouring town of Mersh it leaves there some tracts of a stony ridge yet visible and useful and crosses the rivulet at Worden-pool or Steanford where it enters the County of Oxford and parish of Ambrosden whence it ascends to Blackthorn-hill and passing cross Wrechwic green extends on the north-side of Gravenhull wood over the brook at Langford and so leads close by the north-bounds of Alchester as far as Chesterton ‖ Plot p. 319. whence it goes to Kirtlington towns end and so over Cherwell near Tackley to Woodstock park which it enters near Wooton-gate and passes out again at Mapleton-well near Stunsfield-stile whence it holds on again as far as Stunsfield and all this way in a rais'd bâ—nk But here breaking off tho' still keeping it's name it goes over the Evenlode to Wilcot and so to Ramsden a little beyond which village at a place call'd Witty-green it may be seen again for a little way but from thence to Astally over Astal-bridge and so through the fields till it comes to Brodwell-grove it is scarce visible but there 't is as plain again as any where else holding a strait course into Glocestershire and so towards Bathe the old Akeman-ceaster There is indeed an old way which seems to have lead from Alchester to Wallingford part whereof is to be seen at this day running quite cross Otmore but is not by any means the Akemanstreat tho' the people hereabouts call it by that name and this error of theirs seems to have made our Author fix upon the wrong road There are in this County several branches running from this great road which are describ'd at large by the curious Dr. Plot in his natural History of this County to whom I refer the Reader for a more distinct Information At a little distance is Merton Meâ—â—â— where was found a Danish spur answering the figure of that in â€
seu foliis gramineis ramosum An gramineum ramosum C. B. J. B. Park Millefolium tenuifolium Ger. emac. ico Fine or Fennel-leav'd Pondweed In the river Cam plentifully Pulsatilla Anglica purpurea Park parad flore minore Ger. minore nigricante C. B. flore clauso caeruleo J. B. Common or English Pasque-flower On Gogmagog-hills on the left hand of the way leading from Cambridge to Haveril just on the top of the hill also about Hildersham six miles from Cambridge Ranunculus flammeus major Ger. palustris flammeus major Park longifolius palustris major C. B. longo folio maximus Lingua Plinii J. B. Great Spear-wort In some ditches at Teversham-moor and abundantly in many great ditches in the fens in the Isle of Ely Ribes nigrum vulgò dictum folio olente J. B. fructu nigro Park Grossularia non spinosa fructu nigro C. B. Black Currans Squinancy-berries By the river-side at Abington Rorella sive Ros soliis folis oblongis J. B. Park folio oblongo C. B. Long-leav'd Rosa solis or Sun-dew On Hinton-moor about the watery places plentifully Salix humilior foliis angustis subcaeruleis ut plurimum sibi invicem oppositis Salix tenuior folio minore utrinque glabro fragilis J. B. The yellow dwarf-willow By the horse-way-side to Cherry-hinton in the Close just by the water you pass over to go thither Scordium J. B. C. B. Ger. legitimum Park Water Germander In many ditches in the Isle of Ely and in the Osier-holts about Ely-city Also in a ditch on the left hand of the road leading from Cambridge to Histon about the mid-way S. Sesamoides Salamanticum magnum Ger. The greater Spanish Catchfly Near the Gravel-pits as you go to the nearest Windmill on the North-side of Newmarket-town This place may be in Suffolk Solanum lethale Park Ger. melanocerasos C. B. manicum multis sive Bella donna J. B. Deadly Nightshade or Dwale In the lanes about Fulborn plentifully Thalictrum minus Ger. Park C. B. minus sive Rutae pratensis genus minus semine striato J. B. The lesser Meadow-Rue About Newmarket and also about Bartlow and Linton in the chalky grounds Trifolium echinatum arvense fructu minore C. B. Medica echinata minima J. B. echinata parva recta Park malè non enim erigitur The smallest Hedgehog-Trefoil In an old gravel-pit in the corn-field near Wilborham Church also at Newmarket where the Sesamoides Salamanticum grows Trifolium sylvestre luteum siliquâ cornutâ vel Medica frutescens C. B. Medica sylvestris J. B. frutescens sive flavo flore Clusii Park Yellow-medick with flat wreathed cods In many places among the corn as between Linton and Bartlow by the road sides between Cambridge and Trumpinton near the river about Quoy Church and Wilborham c. Verbascum nigrum flore è luteo purpurascente C. B. nigrum flore luteo apicibus purpureis J. B. nigrum Ger. nigrum salvifolium luteo flore Lob. Sage-leav'd black Mullein In many places about Gogmagog-hills towards Linton as by the lanes sides and in the closes about Abington Shelford c. Veronica picata recta minor J. B. Spicata minor C. B. mas erecta Park assurgens sive spica Ger. Upright male Speedwell or Fluellin In several closes on Newmarket-heath as in a close near the beacon on the left hand of the way from Cambridge to Newmarket HVNTINGDONSHIRE AT the back of Cambridgeshire lyes the County of Huntingdon by the Saxons call'd huntedunescyre by the common people Huntingdonshire situated so as to have Bedfordshire on the South Northamptonshire on the West as likewise on the North where it is parted by the river Avon and Cambridgeshire on the East a It is a very good Corn Country and for feeding ground the fenny part of the East is fatter than ordinary the rest mighty pleasant by reason of its swelling hills and shady groves in ancient times woody all over according to the report of the Inhabitants That it was a Forest till the beginning of Henry 2. is evident by an old Survey All except Waybridge Sapple and Herthei which were Woods of the Lords demain is still Forest b HUNTINGTON SHIRE By Robt. Morden It is the same place that J. Picus an ancient writer speaks of when he says That King Alfred gain'd such advantages over the Danes that they gave what security he demanded either to leave the Land or turn Christians Which was put in execution for Guthrum the King whom they call Gormond thirty of his Nobility and almost all his people were baptiz'd and himself adopted Alfred 's God-son and call'd by the name of Athelâ—â—an Upon this he settl'd here and had the Provinces of the East-Angles and Northumbers bestow'd on him now to protect them as their lawful Soveraign which before he had wasted as a Robber Nor must it be pass'd over that some of these old writers have call'd this city Gumicester and Gumicastrum positively affirming that Machute had his Episcopal See at this place d 1 And by the name of Gumicester King Henry 3. granted it to his son Edmund Earl of Lancaster Ouse hastning its course frâ—m hence nigh Cambridgeshire glides through pleasant meadows where is a pretty neat town formerly by the Saxons call'd Slepe now St. Ives St. Ives from Ivo a Persian Bishop who they write about the year 600 travell'd over England with a great reputation of sanctity all the way carefully preaching the Gospel and left his name to this place where he left his body too Soon after the Religious remov'd that from hence to Ramsey-Abby e Turning almost three miles on one side I saw Somersham Somersham a large Palace of late belonging to the Bishop of Ely given to the Church of Ely by Earl Brithnot in the year 991 and enlarg'd with new buildings by that every-way-prodigal Bishop James Stanley d It is now in the possession of Anthony Hamond Esq of the ancient family of that name in Kent A little higher stood the famous rich Abby of e In Saxon Ramesige Ramsey among the fenns where the rivers stagnate in a soft kind of grounds For a description of this place you may have it in short out of the private History of the Abby Ramsey Ramsey that is the Rams Isle on the West-side for on all others there are nothing but impassible fens for a great way together it is separated from firm ground almost two Bow shots by rough Quagmires Which place formerly up a shallow river us'd to receive Vessels into the midst of it by gentle gales of wind but now with great pains and cost these clay Quagmires are stopped with large quantities of wood gravel and stone and footmen may pass upon a firm Causey almost two miles long but less in breadth surrounded with Alders which with fresh green Reeds intermix'd with Bulrushes make a beautiful shew long before it was inhabited it was all cover'd over with several sorts of trees but with wild Ashes in
an ancient family but now of execrable memory for a most cruel and horrible plot never parallel'd in any age which Robert Catesby of Ashby St. Leger the dishonour of his family running headlong upon villanies gaping after the most detestable cruelties and impiously conspiring the destruction of his Prince and Country lately contriv'd under a specious pretext of Religion Of this let all ages be silent and let not the mention of it convey this scandal to posterity which we our selves cannot reflect on without horrour nay the dumb and inanimate Beings seem to be moved at the hainousness of such a villanous conspiracy Hard by is Fawesley Faweâ—â—â— where the Knightleys have long dwelt adorn'd with the honour of Knighthood descended from the more ancient family of Knightley of Gnowshall in Staffordshire And more eastward upon the Nen whose chanel as yet is but small stands Wedon on the street Wedâ—◠〈◊〉 the Street once the royal seat of Wolpher K. of the Mercians and converted into a Monastery by his daughter Werburg a most holy Virgin whose miracles in driving away Geese from hence some credulous writers have very much magnified I shou'd certainly wrong truth shou'd I not think tho' I have been of a contrary opinion that it is this Wedon which Antonine in his Itinerary calls Bannavenna Bennavenna Bennaventa Bannâ—â—na 〈◊〉 Isaâ—â—â—na 〈◊〉 naâ—â—â— and once corruptly Isannaventa notwithstanding there remain not now any express footsteps of that name so much does length of time darken and change every thing For the distance from the ancient Stations and Quarters on both sides exactly agrees and in the very name of Bannavenna the name of the river Aufona Avenna now Nen the head whereof is near it in some measure discovers it self Likewise a Military-way goes directly from hence northward with a Causey oft broken and worn away but most of all over-against Creke a village where of necessity it was joyn'd with bridges but elsewhere it appears with a high ridge as far as Dowbridge near Lilborne A little more northward I saw Althorp â—â—â—â—p the seat of the noted family of the Spencers Knights allied to very many Houses of great worth and honour out of which Sir Robert Spencer the fifth Knight in a continued succession a worthy encourager of virtue and learning was by his most serene Majesty K. James lately advanced to the honour of Baron Spencer of Wormleighton Hard by Althorp Holdenby-house 〈…〉 â—â—denby makes a noble appearance a stately and truly magnificent piece of building erected by Sir Christopher Hatton 〈◊〉 Christoâ—er Hatâ—◠〈◊〉 died 〈◊〉 1591. Privy Counsellour to Qu. Elizabeth Lord Chancellour of England and Knight of the Garter upon the lands and inheritance of his great grandmother heir of the ancient family of the Holdenbys for the greatest and last monument as himself afterwards was wont to say of his youth A person to say nothing of him but what is his due eminent for his piety towards God his love for his Country his untainted integrity and unparallel'd charity One also which is not the least part of his character that was always ready to encourage Learning Thus as he liv'd piously so he fell asleep piously in Christ Yet the monument the learned in their writings have rais'd to him shall render him more illustrious than that most noble and splendid tomb in St. Paul's Church London deservedly and at great charges erected to the memory of so great a person by Sir William Hatton Kt. his adopted son Beneath these places the Nen glides forward with a gentle small stream and is soon after encreas'd by the influx of a little river where at the very meeting of them the City called after the river Northafandon and in short Northampton â—orthampâ—â—n is so seated that on the west-side it is water'd with this river and on the south with the other Which I was of late easily induced to imagine the ancient Bannaventa but I err'd in my conjecture and let my confession atone for it As for the name it may seem to have had it from the situation upon the north-side of the Aufona The City it self which seems to have been all of stone is in it's buildings very neat and fine for compass large enough and wall'd about from which walls there is a noble prospect every way into a spacious plain Country On the west-side it hath an old Castle 10â—5 â—egister of Andrews beautiful even by it's antiquity built by Simon de Sancto Licio commonly call'd Senliz the first of that name Earl of Northampton who joyned likewise to it a beautiful Church dedicated to St. Andrew for his own sepulture and as 't is reported re-edified the town Simon the younger also his son founded without the town ‖ De Pratis De la Pree a Nunnery It seems to have lain dead and neglected during the Saxon Heptarchy neither have our Writers made any where mention of it in all those depredations of the Danes unless it was when Sueno the Dane with barbarous fury and outrage ravag'd all over England For then as Henry of Huntingdon reports it was set on fire and burnt to the ground In the reign of St. Edward there were in this City as we find in Domesday 60 Burgesses in the King 's Domain having as many Mansions of these in King William 1.'s time 14 lay waste and 47 remained Over and above these there were in the new Borough 40 Burgesses in the Domain of K. William After the Normans time it valiantly withstood the siege laid to it by the Barons during the troubles and slaughters with which they had then embroil'd the whole Kingdom Who being maliciously bent against King John for private and particular reasons did yet so cloak them with pretences of Religion and the common good â—â—â—rtitus 〈◊〉 that they termed themselves The Army of God and of Holy Church At which time they say that military work was made they call Hunshill But it stood not out with like success against Hen. 3. their lawful King as it did against those Rebels For when the Barons brought up and now inur'd to sedition begun a war against him in this place he made a breach in the wall and soon won it by assault After this as before also the Kings now and then held their Parliaments here for the conveniency of its situation as it were in the very heart of England and in the year of Christ 1460. a lamentable battel was here fought wherein such was the Civil division of England after the slaughter of many of the Nobility Richard Nevill Earl of Warwick took that most unfortunate Prince King Hen. 6. then a second time made Prisoner by his subjects To conclude the longitude of Northampton our Mathematicians make 22 deg 29 min. and the latitude 52 deg 13 min. d From hence the Nen hastens by Castle-Ashby where Henry Lord Compton has begun a very fine House near which is
In the Civil wars it was a garison for the King and commanded by Colonel Philip Stanhope a younger son to Philip the first Earl of Chesterfield which being taken by storm he and many of his souldiers were therein slain and the house afterwards burnt e Directly towards the north upon the west-side of the river is Southwell Southwell where I cannot but take notice of an inscription upon a pillar in that Church both because I do not observe it set down by Dr. Thoroton and also because it contains aâ—sort of historical account of that place Reges Reginae erunt nutrices tuae Hanc Collegiatam Parochialem Ecclesiam Religiosa Antiquitas Fundavit Rex Henricus 8. Illustrissimus restauravit 1543. Edwardo Lee Archiepiscopo Ebor. piissimo petente Regina Elizabetha Religiosissima sancivit 1584. Edwino Sandys Archiepiscopo Ebor. dignissimo intercedente Monarcha Jacobus Praepotentissimus stabilivit 1604. Henrico Howard Comite Northamptoniensi praenobilissimo mediante A Domino factum est istud Da gloriam Deo Honorem Regi Sint sicut Oreb Zeb Zebe Salmana qui dicunt possideamus Sanctuarium Dei Psal 83.11 Det Deus hoc sanctum sanctis sit semper Asylum Exulis Idolatras sacrilegósque ruat * From hence it is commonly call'd Leespillar Gervas Lee In piam gratámque Maecenatum memoriam posuit 1608. DARBY SHIRE by Robbt. Morden From this town the family of the Southwells took their name and were anciently seated here For mention is made in the â— Thorot â—â—â—ing-â—â—â—shâ—â—e Records of Sir Simon Southwell under Hen. 3. of Sir John under Edw. 1. and of several others down to Hen. 6. when they spread themselves into Norfolk and Suffolk In the reign of Charles 2. Sir Robert of that name went into Glocestershire where he is now seated at Kings-weston f The next place is Langer â—â—nger which Camden mentions as eminent for the Lords of it the Tibetots where we are to observe that this name has had no relation to that place since the time of Edw. 3. For in the 46. year of his reign Robert the last of the Tibetots dying without heir-male the custody of all his lands and the care of his three daughters were committed to Richard le Scrope and he marrying Margaret the eldest to his son Roger brought that seat into the name of the Lords Scropes wherein it continu'd down to Emanuel who was created Earl of Sunderland 3 Car. 1. But he having no issue by his wife Elizabeth that and the rest of his estate was settl'd upon his natural issue three daughters and Annabella the third of them to whose share this manour fell in the division marrying John Howe second son of Sir John Howe of Compton in Glocestershire brought it into that name On the west-side of Trent not far from the river Idle stands Tuxford â—â—â—ford where Charles Read Esquire built a curious Free-school and endow'd it with 50 l. per an The like he did at Corby in Lincolnshire and Drax in Yorkshire to which last he added a hospital and endow'd that also with 50 l. per an h Returning to the course of the river we are led to Littleborrough â—â—â—leborâ—â—â—gh which Camden tells us upon second thoughts he 's fully satisfied is Antoninus's Agelocum â—â—locum â—â—â—giacum or Segelocum The place at which he says he formerly sought it appears from his edition of 1594. to have been Idleton seated upon the bank of the river Idle to which he was induc'd partly by its distance from Lindum and partly because he imagin'd it might be an easie slip of the Librarian to write Agelocum for Adelocum which latter is not unlike the present name of it Talbot is for Aulerton in Sherwood and Fulk contrary to Antoninus who makes it distant from Lindum 14 miles at least for Agle almost six miles from that place Dr. Thoroton seems inclin'd to reduce it to the bank of the river Idle where Eaton standing upon that account may as well be call'd Idleton and Id or Yd in the British signifying corn as Ydlan denotes a granary there may seem to be some affinity between that and Segelocum as if it were a place of corn But then it is scarce fair to bring it to Idleton upon the likeness in sound with Adelocum and afterwards to settle it there upon a nearness in signification to Segelocum one of which readings must be false and by consequence not both to be made use of as true to confirm the same thing Upon the whole Mr. Burton approves of our Author's conjecture and to reconcile Agelocum and Segelocum has ingeniously rank'd these two amongst the words to which the Romans sometimes prefix'd an S or Sibilus and sometimes omitted it So says he they call d the Alpes which in Lycophron's Cassandra we find written 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and they who are call'd 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Insulae by Dionysius the Periegetes the same in Strabo are 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 lying in the British Sea Salamantica of Spain is call'd by Polybius 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and Caesar's Suessiones in Ptolemy are 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 To add one common Noun out of Dioscorides what in Virgil's Eclogues is Saliunca in him is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or rather take the whole place out of him 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i On the north-west side of this County about a mile and a half from Workensop is Welbeck-Abbey Welbeck-Abbey now a very noble building seated in the lowest part of a fine park surrounded with trees of excellent timber and was the seat of William and Henry late Dukes of New-Castle And about 6 miles east from hence stood the Abbey of Rughford Rughford-Abbey now the noble and pleasant seat of George Marquiss of Hallifax Continuation of the EARLS Charles Howard mention'd by our Author dying An. 1624. was succeeded by his second son Charles William the elder dying before him without issue-male This Charles was succeeded by a son of his own name who was likewise second son James the elder dying unmarry'd At present the title is enjoy'd by the right honourable Daniel Finch late Secretary of State More rare Plants growing wild in Nottinghamshire Caryophyllus minor repens nostras An Betonica coronaria sive caryophyllata repens rubra J. B. Purple creeping mountain Pink. By the roads side on the sandy hill you ascend going from Lenton to Nottingham plentifully and in other sandy grounds in this County Gramen tremulum medium elatius albis glumis non descriptum Said to grow in a hollow lane between Peasely and Mansfield by P. B. I have not seen this sort of grass my self nor do I much rely on the authority of this book only I propose it to be searched out by the curious Glycyrrhiza vulgaris Ger. emac. Common English Liquorice It is planted and cultivated for sale at Worksop in this County which Camden also takes notice of Lychnis
from the Bretons by Loudham to the Foliambs a great name in these parts to the east lyes Sutton â—â—â—ton where the Leaks have long flourish'd in the degree and honour of Knighthood At some small distance from hence stands Bolsover an old castle seated upon a rising which formerly belong'd to the Hastings Lords of Abergevenny by exchange with King Henry the third who being unwilling that the County of Chester which belong'd to him should be parcell'd out among distaffs gave other lands in lieu here and there to the sisters of John Scot the last Earl The west part on the other side the Derwent which is nothing but hills and mountains for which reason perhaps it was heretofore call'd Peac-lond in Saxon and is call'd Peake â—â—e Peak at this day for the word signifies eminence with us is sever'd by the Dove a very swift and clear river of which in its proper place from Staffordshire This part tho it is rough and craggy in some places yet 5 By reason that under the upper crust of the earth there is Lime-stone which yields a fruitful slugh or humour are there grassy hills and vales in it which feed many cattel and great flocks of sheep very safely For there 's no danger of wolves â—â—lves now in these places tho' infested by them heretofore for the hunting and taking of which some held lands here at Wormhill from whence they were call'd Wolvehunt as is clearly manifest from the records of the Tower Inq. 2 Ed. 2. It produces so much lead Lead that the Chymists who condemn the planets to the mines as if they were guilty of some great crime tell us ridiculously as well as falsly that Saturn Brodaeus whom they make to preside over Lead is very gracious to us because he allows us this metal but displeas'd with the French as having deny'd it to them However I am of opinion that Pliny spoke of this tract in that passage of his In Britain in the very upper crust of the ground lead is dug up in such plenty that a law was made on purpose to stint them to a set quantity Out of these mountains Lead-stones as the Miners call them are daily dug up in great abundance which upon those hills expos'd to the West-wind near Creach and Workesworth taking its name from the Lead works at certain times when that wind begins to blow which they find by experience to be the most constant and lasting of all winds they melt down with great wood fires and from those canals which they make for it to flow in they work it up again into masses which they call Sowes And not only Lead but Stibium also which is call'd Antimony Antimony in the shops is found here in distinct veins us'd formerly in Greece by the women to colour their eye-brows upon which account the Poet Ion calls it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Mill-stones Mill-stones are likewise digg'd up here and Grind-stones Grind-stones for sharpning Iron-tools and sometimes there is found in these mines a kind of white Fluor for those stones in mines like jewels are call'd Fluores Fluores by the metal-men which is in all respects like Crystal Crystal Besides this Workesworth there is nothing here to be met with worth mentioning but Haddon seated upon the river Wye for many years the seat of the Vernons not only an ancient but a very famous family in those parts insomuch that Sir George Vernon Vernon Kt. who liv'd in our time for his magnificence for his kind reception of all good men and his great hospitality gain'd the name of King of Peak among the vulgar Yet by the daughters and heirs of that man this brave inheritance was transferr'd to John Mannours descended from the Earls of Rutland and to Thomas Stanley the off-spring of the Earls of Derby e 6 Son of Thomas Earl of Rutland and to Sir Thomas Stanley son of Edward Earl of Derby Near this lies Bakewell upon the same river which makes it self a passage among these hills into Derwent This was call'd by the Saxons e Bedecanwylla Chron. Sax. BaddecanÆ¿ell and Marianus tells us that Edward the Elder made a burrough of it Whether or no it takes this name from the Baths there which the old English call'd Bade and Baden as the Germans likewise did in their language from whence Baden in Germany and Buda in Hungary I cannot tell This is certain that at the rise of the river Wye not far from hence there are nine Springs of hot water call'd at present Buxton-well Buxton which being found by experience very good for the stomach the nerves and the whole body the most honourable George Earl of Shrewsbury has lately adorn'd them with buildings and they begin to be frequented by great numbers of the Nobility and Gentry About which time the unfortunate and heroick Princess Mary Queen of Scots took her farewell of Buxton in this distich which is nothing but an alteration of Caesar's verses upon Feltria Buxtona quae calidae celebrabere nomine lymphae Fortè mihi post hac non adeunda vale Buxton whose fame thy Baths shall ever tell Whom I perhaps shan't see again farewell But this is besides my business That these Baths were anciently known that Cart-road or Roman Causey call'd Bathgate which continues seven miles from hence to the little village Burgh does plainly shew us f Near this Burgh there stands an old castle upon the top of a hill formerly belonging to the Peverells call'd the Castle in the Peake and in Latin De alto Pecco which King Edw. 3. 46 Edw. 3. gave with this manour and honour to John Duke of Lancaster his son after he had restor'd the Earldom of Richmond to the King Below this there is a den or cave under ground call'd if I may be pardon'd the rudeness of the expression the Devil's Arse Devils Arse in Peake very wide and gaping and having many apartments in it wherein Gervasius Tilburiensis either out of downright ignorance or a lying humour tells us a shepherd saw a spacious country with small rivers running here and there in it and vast pools of standing water Yet from such stories as these this Hole is look'd upon as one of the prodigies of England The same sort of fables are likewise told of another Cave in this neighbourhood call'd Elden-hole Elden-hole which is wonderful for nothing but the vast bigness steepness and the depth of it g But that winds have their vent here is a mistake in those that have writ so nor are those verses of Necham's concerning the miracles of England applicable to either of these Caves Est specus Aeoliis ventis obnoxia semper Impetus è gemino maximus ore venit Cogitur injectum velamen adire supernas Partes descensum impedit aura potens Vex'd with perpetual storms a cave there lies Where from two holes the strugling blasts arise
place on the banks of Avon is the principal town of this County which we call Warwick â—arwick the Saxons k Waeringwic Chron. Sax. Warring-Æ¿ic Ninnius and the Britains Caer Guaruic and Caer-Leon All these names since they seem to be l John Rous of Warwick derives it from Gwayr a British Prince and Matthew Paris in Vit. Offae from Waremund father of the first Offa King of the Mercians deriv'd either from the British word Guarth which signifies Praesidium or a Fortress or from Legions posted in such places for their security in a great measure inclin'd me to think altho' I am more of the Sceptick than Critick in matters of Etymology that this was that very town which in Britain by the Romans was call'd Praesidium â—â—sidium where as it is in the Notitia 2 Or abstract of Provinces the Praefect of the Dalmatian horse by the appointment of the Governour of Britain was posted These Troops were levied in Dalmatia and here we may observe the political prudence of the Romans who in their Provinces disposed and quart'red their foreign Troops in garrisons â—reign â—ops in â—rrison with whom and the natives by reason of the great diversity of language and humours there could not likely be any secret combinations form'd against their Government â—â—s l. 4. â—cit For as Florus writes Nations not habituated to the yoke of slavery would otherwise be always attempting to shake it off Whereupon it was that from Africa the Moors from Spain the Asturians and Vettones from Germany the Batavians the Nervii Tungri and Turnacenses from Gaul the Lingones and Morini and from other parts the Dalmatians Thracians Alains c. were brought over to serve in Britain as in their proper places we shall observe But to return to our business no one ought to think the Britains deriv'd the word Guarth from the Franks for if we believe Lazius 't is of Hebrew extraction in which original most Countries agree But that this was the Praesidium 3 That is the garrison-town the authority of our Annals may convince us assuring us that the Roman Legions had here a station and also its situation almost in the centre of the Province intimates no less For it lies at an equal distance from the coast of Norfolk on the East and of Wales on the West just such a situation as was that of Praesidium a town of Corsica in the heart of that Island Nor will it seem strange that the Romans should here have a fortress and military station if we consider its situation on a steep and rocky eminence over the river Avon and h the way on every side leading up to it cut through the rock That it hath been fortified with walls and a ditch is very manifest The castle is very strong both by nature and art the seat heretofore of the Earls of Warwick extending it self South-west i The town it self is adorn'd with fair buildings and owes very much of its beauty to Ethelfleda Lady of the Mercians who in the year 911. raised it out of its ruins At the Norman invasion it was in a flourishing state and had many Burgesses as they call them of whom 12 were by tenure to accompany the King in his wars as may be seen in Domesday-book He who upon warning given did not go was fined 100 shillings to the King But if the King cross'd the Seas against an enemy then they were either to send him four Boatswains or in lieu of them four pound in Deniers In this Barony the King hath in Demesne 113 Burgesses and the Barons of the King 112. Roger second Earl of Warwick of the Norman race built here in the middle of the town the beautiful Church of S. Mary which the Beauchamps succeeding Earls adorn'd with their Monuments †But his Monument in Worcester Cathedral where he lies buried tells us his name was Thomas Littleton More especially the last of the Beauchamps Richard Earl of Warwick and m Lieutenant General Governour of the Realm of France and of the Durchy of Normandy Governour of Normandy who dying at Roan in the year 1439. was with great magnificence and funeral pomp 4 And after a sumptuous Funeral solemniz'd in this Church lies entomb'd in a magnificent Tomb with this Inscription Pray devoutly for the soul whom Gâ—d assoil of one of the most worshipful Knights in his days of manhood and cunning Richard Beauchamp late Earl of Warwick Lord Despenser of Bergavenny and of many other great Lordships whose body resteth here under this Tomb in a full fair Vault of stone set in the bare Roche The which visited with long sickness in the castle of Roan therein deceased full Christianly the last day of April in the year of our Lord Gâ—d 1439. He being at that time Lieutenant General of France and of the Dutchy of Normandy by sufficient authority of our Soveraign Lord King Henry the sixth The which body by great deliberation and worshipful conduct by sea and land was brought to Warwick the fourth of October the year abovesaid and was laid with full solemn exequies in a fair Chest made of stone in the west door of this Chapel according to his last Will and Testament therein to rest till this Chapel by him devised in his life were made the which Chapel founded on the Roche and all the members thereof his Executors did fully make and apparel by the authority of his said last Will and Testament And thereafter by the said authority they did translate worshipfully the said body into the Vault aforesaid Honoured be God therefore brought over and interr'd here k Near Warwick to the North is Blacklow-hill Blacklow-hill on which Peter de * Al. Gaversden Gaveston whom Edward the second from a mean condition had raised to the honour of the Earldom of Cornwall n Guy de Beauchamp Earl of Warwick seiz'd on him at Wallingford as they were carrying him prisoner to London brought him hither and without any process of Law cut off his head was beheaded by the Barons For this man puff'd up with the favour of his Prince and the flattery of fortune had assumed an excessive liberty debauch'd the King vilify'd all good men prey'd upon the estates of all and like a crafty old Courtier promoted quarrels betwixt the King and the Nobility Hard by upon the Avon stands Guy-cliff Guy-cliff call'd by others Gibcliff the present seat of Thomas de Bellofago or Beaufoe of the old Norman race J. Rouse of Warwick This place is the seat of Pleasure it self there is a shady grove crystal springs mossey caves meadows ever green a soft and murmuring fall of waters under the rocks and to crown all solitude and quiet the greatest darling of the Muses Here fame tells us that Guy of Warwick Guy of Warwick that celebrated Hero after he had finish'd his Martial atchievements built a Chapel led a Hermit's life
cool briezes which by an innate salubrity of air renders the Country exceeding temperate On the East it hath the mountains of Talgarth and Ewias On the North as he saith 't is a more open and champain Country where 't is divided from Radnorshire by the river Wy upon which there are two towns of noted antiquity Bûalht â—â—â—â—ht a and Hay Bûalht is a town pleasantly seated with woods about it and fortified with a castle but of a later building by the Breoses and Mortimers when as RhÅ·s ap Gryffydh had demolished the old one At present 't is noted for a good market but formerly it seems to have been a place very eminent for Ptolemy observes the Longitude and Latitude of it and calls it Bullaeum â—â—â—â—â—eum Silurum b From this town the neighbouring part a mountainous and rocky Country is call'd Bualht into which upon the Incursion of the Saxons King Vortigern retir'd And there also by the permission of Aurelius Ambrosius his son Pascentius govern'd as we are inform'd by Ninnius who in his Chapter of Wonders relates I know not what prodigious story of a heap of stones here wherein might be seen the footsteps of King Arthur's Hound Hay in British Tregelhi which in English we may render Haseley or Hasleton lyes on the bank of the river Wy upon the borders of Herefordshire a place which seems to have been well known to the Romans since we often find their coyns there and some ruins of walls are still remaining But now being almost totally decay'd it complains of the outrages of that profligate Rebel Owen Glyn-Dowrdwy who in his march through these Countries consum'd it with fire c As the river Wy watereth the Northern part of this County so the Usk a noble river takes its course through the midst of it d which falling headlong from the Black-mountain and forcing a deep Chanel passes by Brecknock â—â—â—â—knock the chief town of the County placed almost in the Center thereof This town the Britains call Aber-Hondhy â—â—hodni â—â—do â—â—b from the confluence of the two rivers Hondhy and Usk. That it was inhabited in the time of the Romans is evident from several coyns of their Emperours sometimes found there Bernard Newmarch who conquered this small County built here a stately Castle which the Breoses and Bohuns afterward repaired and in our Fathers memory King Henry the eighth constituted a Collegiate Church of 14 Prebendaries in the Priory of the Dominicans which he translated thither from Aber-Gwily in Caer-mardhinshire Two miles to the East of Brecknock is a large Lake which the Britains call Lhyn Savèdhan and Lhyn Savà dhan Lhyn Savadham Giraldus calls it Clamosum from the terrible noise it makes like a clap of thunder at the cracking of the Ice In English 't is call'd Brecknockmere Brecknockmere it is two miles long and near the same breadth well stored with Otters and also Perches Tenches and Eels which the Fishermen take in their Coracls Lhewèni a small river having enter'd this Lake still retains its own colour and as it were disdaining a mixture is thought to carry out no more nor other water than what it brought in It hath been an ancient tradition in this neighbourhood that where the Lake is now there was formerly a City which being swallow'd up by an Earthquake resign'd its place to the waters d And to confirm this they alledge besides other arguments that all the high-ways of this County tend to this Lake Which if true what other City may we suppose on the river Lheweny but Loventium Loventium placed by Ptolemy in this tract which tho' I have diligently search'd for yet there appears no where any remains of the name ruins or situation of it Marianus which I had almost forgotten seems to call this place Bricenau-mere Bricenau-mere who tells us that Edelfleda the Mercian Lady enter'd the Land of the Britains Anno 913. in order to reduce a castle at Bricenaumere and that she there took the Queen of the Britains prisoner Whether that castle were Brecknock it self Brecknock-castle or Castelh Dinas on a steep tapering Rock above this Lake remains uncertain but it 's manifest from the Records of the Tower that the neighbouring castle of Blaen Lheveny Blaen Lheveni-castle was the chief place of that Barony which was the possession of Peter Fitz-Herbert the son of Herbert Lord of Dean-forest by Lucy the daughter of Miles Earl of Hereford e In the reign of William Rufus Bernard Newmarch the Norman a man of undaunted courage Lords of Brecknock and great policy having levied a considerable Army both of English and Normans was the first that attempted the reducing of this Country And having at length after a tedious war extorted it from the Welsh he built Forts therein and gave possession of Lands to his Fellow-souldiers amongst whom the chiefest were the Aubreys a Roger Gunter a younger brother of this family intermarrying with the daughter and heir of Thomas Stodey Esq â—3 Henr. 4. settled at Kintbury or Kentbury in Barkshire where the Family still remains Gunters Haverds Waldebeofs and Prichards And the better to secure himself amongst his enemies the Welsh he married Nêst the daughter of Prince Gruffydh who being a woman of a licentious and revengeful temper at once depriv'd her self of her own reputation and her son of his Inheritance For Mahel the only son of this Bernard having affronted a young Nobleman with whom she conversed too familiarly she as the Poet saith iram atque animos à crimine sumens depos'd before King Henry the second that her son Mahel was begotten in adultery Upon which Mahel being excluded the estate devolved to his sister Sibyl and in her right to her husband Miles Earl of Hereford whose five sons dying without issue this Country of Brecknock became the Inheritance of Bertha his daughter who had by Philip de Breos a son William de Breos Lord of Brecknock Called also Braus and Breus upon whom the seditious spirit and * Procax shrewd tongue of his ‖ Matildis de Haia wife drew infinite calamities For when she had utter'd reproachful language against King John the King strictly commanded her husband who was deep in his debt to discharge it Who after frequent demurrings at last mortgaged to the King his three castles of Hay Brecknock and Radnor which yet soon after he surprised putting the Garrisons to the Sword he also burnt the town of Lemster and thus with fire sword and depredations continued to annoy the Country omitting nothing of the common practice of Rebels But upon the approach of the King's forces he withdrew into Ireland where he associated with the King's enemies yet pretending a submission he return'd and surrender'd himself to the King who had intended to follow him but after many feign'd promises he again rais'd new commotions in Wales At last being compell'd to quit his native country he
of the river Avon whence it takes its name to Neath a river infamous for its Quick-sands upon which stands an ancient town of the same name in Antonine's Itinerary call'd Nidum â—â—dum Which when Fitz-Haimon subdued this Country fell in the division to Richard Granvil who having built there a Monastery under the Town and consecrated his dividend to God and the Monks return'd to a very plentiful estate he had in England All the Country from Neath to the river Lochor â—â—chor riâ—â—r which is the Western limit of this Country Brit. Lhychwr is call'd by us Gower Gower by the Britains Gŵyr and by Ninnius Guhir where as he tells us the sons of Keian a Scot seated themselves until they were driven out by Kynèdhav a British Prince In the reign of King Henry the first Tho. Wallingham Henry Earl of Warwick subdued this Country of Gower which afterwards by compact betwixt Thomas Earl of Warwick and King Henry the second devolv'd to the Crown But King John bestow'd it on William de Breos Lib. Monast Neth 5 Reg Joan. to be held by service of one Knight for all service And his heirs successively held it till the time of Edward the second For at that time William de Breos having sold it to several persons that he might ingratiate himself with the King deluded all others and put Hugh Spenser in possession of it And that amongst several others was the cause why the Nobles became so exasperated against the Spensers and so unadvisedly quitted their Allegiance to the King It is now divided into East and West Gowerland In East-Gowerland the most noted town is Sweinsey Swansey so called by the English from Porpoises or Sea-hogs and by the Britains Aber-Tawi from the river Tawi which runs by it fortified by Henry Earl of Warwick But a more ancient place than this is that at the river Loghor Loghor which Antoninus calls Leucarum Leucarum and is at this day retaining its ancient name call'd Loghor in British Kas-Lychwr Where about the death of King Henry the first Howel ap Mredydh with a band of Mountaneers surprized and slew several Englishmen of quality Beneath this lyes West-Gower which the Sea making Creeks on each side it is become a Peninsula a place more noted for the corn it affords than towns And celebrated heretofore for St. Kynedhav who led here a solitary life of whom such as desire a farther account maâ— consult our Capgrave who has sufficiently extoâ—l'd his Miracles From the very first conquest of this Country Lords of Glamorgan the Clares and Spensers Earls of Glocester who were lineally descended from Fitz Haimon were Lords of it Afterwards the Beauchamps and one or two of the Nevils and by a daughter of Nevil descended also from the Spensers it came to Richard the third King of England who being slain it devolv'd to King Henry the seventh who granted it to his uncle Gasper Duke of Bedford He dying without issue the King resum'd it into his own hands and left it to his son Henry the eighth whose son Edward the sixth sold most part of it to William Herbert whom he had created Earl of Pembroke and Baron of Caerdiffe Of the Off-spring of the twelve Knights before-mention'd there remain now only in this County the Stradlings a family very eminent for their many noble Ancestors with the Turbervils and some of the Flemmings whereof the chiefest dwells at Flemmingstone call'd now corruptly from them Flemston But in England there remain my Lord St. John of Bletso the Granvils in Devonshire and the Siwards as I am inform'd in Somersetshire The Issue-male of all the rest is long since extinct and their Lands by daughters pass'd over to other families Parishes in this County 118. ADDITIONS to GLAMORGANSHIRE a IN our entrance upon this County we are presented with Kaer phyli-castle â—â—er-Phyli-â—â—stle probably the noblest ruins or ancient Architecture now remaining in Britain For in the judgment of some curious persons who have seen and compared it with the most noted Castles of England it exceeds all in bigness except that of Windsor That place which Mr. Sanford call'd a Chapel was probably the same with that which the neighbouring Inhabitants call the Hall It is a stately room about 70 foot in length 34 in breadth and 17 in height On the South-side we ascend to it by a direct Stair-case about eight foot wide the roof whereof is vaulted and supported with twenty arches which are still gradually higher as you ascend The entry out of this Stair-case is not into the middle but somewhat nearer to the West-end of the room and opposite to it on the North-side there is a chimney about ten foot wide On the same side there are four stately windows if so we may suppose them two on each side the chimney of the fashion of Church-windows but that they are continued down to the very floor and reach up higher than the height of this room is supposed to have been so that the room above this Chapel or Hall had some part of the benefit of them The sides of these windows are adorn'd with certain three-leav'd knobs or husks having a fruit or small round ball in the midst On the walls on each side the room are seven triangular pillars like the shafts of Candlesticks placed at equal distance From the floor to the bottom of these pillars may be about twelve foot and a half and their height or length seem'd above four foot Each of these pillars is supported with three Busts or heads and breasts which vary alternately For whereas the first ex gr is supported with the head and breast of an ancient bearded man and two young faces on each side all with dishevel'd hair the next shews the face and breasts of a woman with two lesser faces also on each side the middlemost or biggest having a cloth close tied under the chin and about the forehead the lesser two having also forehead-cloths but none under the chin all with braided locks The use of these pillars seems to have been for supporting the beams but there are also on the south-side six Grooves or chanels in the wall at equal distance which are about nine inches wide and eight or nine foot high four whereof are continued from the tops of the pillars but the two middlemost are about the middle space between the pillars and come down lower than the rest having neat stones jutting out at the bottom as if intended to support something placed in the hollow Grooves On the north-side near the east-end there 's a door about eight foot high which leads into a spacious Green about seventy yards long and forty broad At the east-end there are two low-arch'd doors within a yard of each other and there was a third near the south-side but much larger and another opposite to that on the west-end The reason why I have been thus particular is
Fâ—â—conberg Lucie married to Marmaduke de Thwenge from whom the Baron Lumley is descended Margaret married to Robert de Roos and Laderina married to John de Bella-aqua men of great honour and repute in that age The Posterity of Walter de Falconberg flourish'd a long time but at last the estate fell by a female to 2 Sir William William Nevil famous for his valour and honour'd with the title of Earl of Kent by King Edward the fourth His daughters were married to J. Coigniers N. Bedhowing and R. Strangwayes Near Hunt-cliff on the shore when the tide is out the rocks shoot out pretty high and upon these your Sea-calves which we contractedly name Seales as some think for Sea-veals or Sea-calves lodge in great droves and there sleep and sun themselves Upon one of the rocks nearest to the shore some one of these stands centry as it were and when any body comes near he either pushes down a stone or casts himself upon the water with great noise to alarm the rest that they may provide for themselves and get into the water Their greatest fear is of men if they are pursued by them and want water they commonly keep them off by casting up sand and gravel with their hinder feet They are not in such awe of women so that those men that would take them disguise themselves in their habit Here are found on this Coast yellowish and reddish stones some rusted over with a brinish substance which by their smell and taste resemble Coperas Nitre and Brimstone and also great store of Pyrites like brass in colour Near at Huntly Nabb the shore which for a long way together has lain open now riseth high with craggs and up and down at the bottoms of the rocks lye stones of several sizes so exactly form'd round by nature that one would think them bullets cast by some Artist for the great Guns If you break them you find within Stony-serpents wreath'd up in Circles but generally without heads Hence we come in view of Wilton-castle â—â—â—ton formerly belonging to the Bulmers Higher up at Dobham the river Tees flows into the Sea having first receiv'd many small rivulets the last of which is a nameless one entring it near Yarum â—â—â—um known for its market and washes Stokesley â—â—â—kesley a small market-town likewise which hath been long in the hands of the famous family de Eure. Below these â—â—â—â—lton stands Wharlton-castle which formerly belonged to the Barons Meinill and Harlsey to the family of Hothom but afterwards to the Strangwayes both of them old and ruinous The mouth of the Tees I spoke of was hardly trusted by Mariners heretofore but now it is found to be a safe Harbour and to direct the entrance there were Light-houses made upon both sides of it within the memory of this age Four miles from the mouth of this river Gisburgh stands upon a rising ground at present a small town while it was in its prime it was very much graced by a beautiful and rich Monastery built about the year 1119. by Robert de Brus Lord of the town It has been the common burial-place for all the Nobility of these parts and has produced Walter de Hemingford no unlearned Historian The place is really fine and may for pleasantness a curious variety and the natural advantages of it compare with Puteoli in Italy and then for a healthful and agreeable situation it certainly far surpasses it The coldness of the air which the sea occasions is qualified and broken by the hills between the soil is fruitful and produces grass and fine flowers a great part of the year it richly abounds with veins of metal and Alum-earth of several colours but especially with those of ocher and murray from which they now begin to extract the best sort of Alum and Coperas in great plenty This was first discover'd a few years since by the admirable sagacity of that learned Naturalist Sir Thomas Chaloner Kt. to whose tuition his present Majesty has committed the delight and glory of Britain his son Prince Henry by observing that the leaves of trees were ‖ 〈◊〉 is â—rere of a more wealky sort of Green here than in other places that the oaks shot forth their roots very broad but not deep and that these had much strength but little sap in them that the soil was a white clay speckled with several colours namely white yellowish and blue that it never fâ—oze and that in a pretty clear night it shin d and sparkl'd like glass upon the road-side h Next Ounesbery-Topping a steep mountain and all over green riseth so high that it appears at a great distance and it is the land-mark that directs sailers and a prognostick to the neighbours hereabouts For when it's top begins to be darken'd with clouds rain generally follows 3 Whereupon they have a pâ—overbial ‑ Rhime When Rosebery Topping wears a Cap Let Cliveland then beware of a Clap. Near the top of it a fountain issues from a great stone very good for sore eyes And from hence the valleys round it the grassy hills green meadows rich pastures fruitful corn-fields fishy rivers and the creeky mouth of the Tees low and open shores yet free from inundation and the sea with the ships in it render the prospect very delicate Beneath this stands Kildale a Castle belonging to the Percies Earls of Northumberland and more to the eastward Danby which from Brus by the Thwengs came to the Barons Latimer from whose heir are descended the Willoughbies Barons Broke But this Danby among other estates was sold to the Nevils of whom George Nevil was summon'd among the Barons to Parliament by Henry 6. under the title of Lord Latimer Barons Latimer in whose posterity that dignity remain'd to our age i I have nothing now to observe here The History of Câ—nterbury but that the Baron de Meinill held some lands in this County of the Archbishops of Canterbury and that the Coigniers and Strangwaies 4 And â—aâ—cks â—â—scended c. with some others descended from them are obliged to be attendant and to pay certain military services to the Archbishops for the same Praerogativ Reg. 1â— Edw. 2. Wardship And whereas the King of England by his prerogative these are the very words of it shall have the Wardship of all the lands of them that hold of him in chief by Knights service of which themselves as tenants have been seised in their demesne as of fee at the time of their decease of whomsoever they held by the like service so that themselves notwithstanding hold of the King any tenement of the ancient demesne of the crown till such time as the heir has come to years Yet these fees are excepted and others of the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Bishop of Durham 5 â—etween Tine and Tâ—es so that they shall have the wardship of such lands tho'
a THat the great opinion our Ancestors had of the Sanctity of St. Cuthbert was the occasion of their munificence to his Church our Histories informs us and 〈◊〉 is very evident from our Author But he seems to have given him more than ever was bestow'd when he tells us that King Egfrid gave him large Revenues in York For his Charter be it true or counterfeit mentions no such thing Simeon Dunelmensis indeed or rather Abbot Turgot tells us that Creac was given him by this King Ut haberet Eboracum iens vel inde rediens mansionem ubi requiescere posset But this only intimates that St. Cuthbert might have frequent occasions to travel to York probably to attend the Court which the Historian supposes to have been most commonly resident in that City b Nor can we properly say that Guthrun the Dane whom our Historians call also Guthredus Cuthredus Gormo and Gurmundus was Lieutenant to the great King Aelfred in the Kingdom of Northumberland any more than Aelfred was his Deputy in that of the West-Saxons For they two by compact divided the whole Kingdom betwixt them and joyntly enacted Laws which were to be mutually observ'd both by the English and Danes And hence some Monks have taken occasion to unite them falsly in granting Charters to Monasteries c. c What vast Privileges and Immunities this Church had by the Liberality of Princes we may learn in general from Mr. Camden but may have a more particular view by the help of some observations upon that Head extracted for me by Mr. Rudd Schoolmaster of Durham out of the posthumous Papers of Mr. Mickleton who had made large Collections in order to the Antiquities of this County It 's probable the Bishops were Counts Palatine before the Conquest it appears at least they were so in the Conquerour's time Their power was formerly very great till part of it was taken away by the Statute of Henry 8. It was a common saying that Quicquid Rex habet extra Comitatum Dunelmensem Episcopus habet intrà nisi aliqua sit concessio aut praescriptio in contrarium They had power to levy Taxes and make Truces with the Scots to raise defensible persons within the Bishoprick from 16 to 60 years of age They had power also to make Barons who as well as their vassals were bound to come to their Palace to advise them and to give them observance and obedience in their Courts And altho' the Canons forbid any Clergyman to be present when judgment of blood is given the Bishops of Durham did and may sit in Court in their Purple-robes in giving judgment of death Hence the saying Solum Dunelmense judicat stola ense They had a Mint and power to coyn money The Courts which in other places are held in the King's name were till the Statute of Henry 8. held here in the Bishop's till which time he could make Justices of Assizes of Oyer and Terminer and of the Peace and all Writs went out in his name All Recognizances entred upon his Close-Rolls in his Chancery and made to him or in his name were as valid within the County as those made to the King without He could exempt men from appearing at the Assizes and being Jurors He had a Register of Writs of as much authority as that in the King's Courts He hath yet his Court of Chancery Common-Pleas and County Court and Copyhold or Halmot Court A great part of the Land in the County is held of him as Lord Paramount in Capite All the Moors and Wastes in the County to which no other can make title belong to him which could not be enclos'd without his grant Neither could Freehold Lands be alienated without his leave they that did so were oblig'd to sue to him for his Patent of Pardon He pardon'd intrusions trespasses c. He had villains or bondmen whom he manumitted when he pleas'd The Lands Goods and Chattels of those that committed Treason are forfeited to the Bishop All forfeitures upon Outlawries or Felonies belong to him He could pardon Felonies Rapes Trespasses and other Misprisions He had the fruits of Tenures by Wardships Marriages Liveries Primier-seizins Ouster le mains c. He gave licence to build Chapels found Chantries and Hospitals made Burroughs and Incorporations Markets Fairs c. He created several Officers by Patent either quamdiu se bene gesserint quamdiu Episcopo placuerit or for life or lives viz. his Temporal Chancellor Constable of the Castle of Durham Great Chamberlain Under-Chamberlain Secretary Steward Treasurer and Comptroller of his Houshold Steward and Under-steward of the Manours or Halmot Courts Sheriff Protonotary Clerk of the Chancery Crown and Peace several Keepers of the Rolls belonging to their respective Offices Registers and Examiners in Chancery Clerk of the County Court Stewards of Burrough-Courts Escheators Feodaries Auditors and Under-Auditors Clerks of the Receipt of the Exchequer Supervisors of Lordships Castles Mines of Coal Lead and Iron Coroners Conservators of Rivers and Waters Officers of the Marshalsea or Clerks of the Market of Cities Burroughs and Towns Keepers of his Seal of Ulnage and of his Wardrobe and Harness But none of his Patents are valid any longer than the Bishop's life that gives them unless they be confirm'd by the Dean and Chapter He had several Forests Chaces Parks Woods where he had his Foresters who kept Courts in his name and determin'd matters relating to the Forests c. or the Tenants of them Parkers Rangers Pale-keepers He was Lord Admiral of the Seas and Waters within the County Palatine had his Vice-Admirals and Courts of Admiralty Judges Registers Examiners c. Officers of Beaconage Anchorage c. he awarded Commissions to regulate waters and passage of waters There have been several contests betwixt the Archbishop of York and the Bishop of Durham about Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction the one attempting to exercise his Archiepiscopal jurisdiction in this Diocese the other claiming a peculiar immunity Walter Gray Archbishop profferr'd the Archdeacon of Durham the guariandship of Stanhop-Church but he refus'd to accept it as having it before in his own or the Bishop's right Another Archbishop coming to visit the Priory when the Bishop was absent at Rome was forc'd to take Sanctuary in St. Nicholas Church as he was afterwards upon another attempt of the same nature and when he was going to excommunicate them in his Sermon was in danger of being kill'd if he had not escap'd out of the Church one of his Attendants lost an ear This distinct mention of Condati would tempt us to believe that this was the ancient Condate which Mr. Camden places in Cheshire Which opinion one may close with the more freely because nothing at least that he has told us of induc'd him to settle it at Congleton beside the affinity of names e North from hence is Heighington Heighington in Darlington-ward where Elizabeth Penyson founded a School in the 43d of Queen Elizabeth to which Edward
of Parliament annex'd a very great estate to this Dutchy which had fall'n to him in right of his mother 13 Dame Mary who was the daughter and coheir of Humphry Bohun Earl of Hereford And in this state and condition it remain'd from that time saving that Edward the fourth in the first of his reign when he had attainted Henry the sixth in Parliament for Treason appropriated it as they term it to the Crown that is to say to him and his heirs Kings of England However Henry the seventh soon broke this entail and so at this day it has its particular Officers namely a Chancellor Attorney Receiver Clerk of the Court six Assessors a Messenger two Auditors three and twenty Receivers and three Supervisors There are reckon'd in this Shire besides several Chapels only 36 Parishes but those very populous and such as for number of Parishioners far exceed the greatest Parishes anywhere else ADDITIONS to LANCASHIRE a THo' Lancaster has given the name to this County yet Manchester â—â—â—â—â—eâ—â—er whether one consider Antiquity number of inhabitants or growth seems to be more considerable And yet for all that it is neither a Corporation nor does it send Burgesses to Parliament tho' perhaps of an in-land town it has the best trade of any one in the north of England It is water'd with the rivers Irke and Irwell but there is no such river about it as Spolden upon which the late Historical and Geographical Dictionary has falsly plac'd it as it hath also it's distance from London which is really 147 miles The Fustian-Manufacture call'd Manchester-Cottons still continues there and is of late very much improv'd by some modern inventions of dying and printing and this with the great variety of other manufactures known by the name of Manchester-Wares renders not only the town it self but also the parish about it rich populous and industrious Sixty years ago there were computed near 2 000 Communicants in the town and Parish since which time the inhabitants are much more numerous proportionable to the increase of trade The Collegiate Church which was built in the year 1422. is a very large beautiful and stately edifice and the Quire is particularly remarkable for it's neat and curious carv d work It is likewise beautify'd with three remarkable Foundations a College a Hospital and a Publick School the following account whereof we owe to the worthy Warden of this place The College was first founded A. D. 1421. by Thomas De la Ware at first Rector of the said Parish-Church and brother to the Lord De la Ware whom he succeeded in the estate and honour and then founded a College there consisting of one Master or Keeper eight Fellow-Chaplains four Clerks and six Choristers in honour of St. Mary to whom the said Parish-Church was formerly dedicated St. Dennis of France and St. George of England This foundation was dissolved 1547. in the first year of King Edward 6. the lands and revenues of it taken into the King's hands and by him demised to the Earl of Derby and the College-house and some lands sold to the said Eaâ—l The College was re-founded by Queen Mary who restored most of the lands and revenues only the College it self and some of its revenues remain'd still in the hands of the Earl of Derby It was also founded a-new by Queen Elizabeth A. D. 1578. by the name of Christ's College in Manchester consisting of one Warden four Fellows two Chaplains four Singing-men and four Choristers the number being lessen'd because the revenues were so chieflâ— by the covetousness and false-dealing of Thomas Herle then Warden and his Fellows who sold away or made such long leases of the revenues as could never yet some of them be retrieved It was last of all re-founded by King Charles 1. A. D. 1636 constituting therein one Warden four Fellows two Chaplains four Singing men and four Choiristers and incorporating them by the name of the Warden and Fellows of Christ's College in Manchester the Statutes for the same being drawn up by Archbishop Laud. The Hospital was founded by Humphrey Cheetham Esquire and incorporated by King Charles 2. designed by the said bountiful Benefactor for the maintâ—nance of 40 poor boys out of the Town and Parish of Manchester and some other neighbouring Parishes But since 't is enlarged to the number of 60 by the Governours of the said Hospital to be taken in between the age of 6 and 10 and there maintained with meat drink lodging and cloaths to the age of 14 and then to be bound Apprentices to some honest trade or calling at the charge of the said Hospital For the maintenance of which he endowed the same with the yearly revenue of 420 l. which is since improved by the care and good husbandry of the Feoffees or Governours to the yearly sum of 517 l. 8 s. 4 d. they having laid out in the purchace of lands the sum of 1825 l. which was saved out of the yearly income over and above the maintenance of the poor children and others belonging to the said Hospital wherein there are annually near 70 persons provided for Within the Hospital and by the bounty of the said Founder is also erected a very fair and spacious Library already furnished with a competent stock of choice and valuable books to the number of near 4000 and daily encreasing with the income of 116 l. per an setled upon the same by the said worthy benefactor to buy Books for ever and to afford a competent salary for a Library-keeper Theâ—e is also a large School for the Hospital-boys where they are daily instructed and taught to write and read The Publick School was founded A. D. 1519 by Hugh Oldham D. D. and Bishop of Exeter who bought the Lands on which the School stands and took the Mills there in lease of the Lord De la Ware for 60 years Afterwards with the Bishop's money Hugh Bexwick and Joan his sister purchased of the Lord De la Ware his Lands in Ancoates and the Mills upon lâ—k and left them in Feoffment to the said Free school for ever Which Revenues are of late very much encreas'd by the Feoffees of the School who out of the improvements have as well considerably augmented the Masters salaries as the Exhibitions annually allowed to the maintenance of such scholars at the University as the Warden of the College and the high Master shall think requisite and have besides for some years past added a third Master for whom they have lately erected a new and convenient School at the end of the other Besides these publick Benefactions and Endowments there have been several other considerable sums of money and annual revenues left and bequeathed to the Poor of the said Town who are thereby with the kindness and Charity of the present inhabitants competently provided for without starving at home or being forced to seek relief abroad The Town gives title to an honourable family Henry Mountague being
think m This reading should make it seem to be the ancient Whitern or Candida Casa in Galloway in Scotland being possibly a corruption for 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i.e. White-houses Leucopibia Nennius Caer Lualid the ridiculous Welsh Prophecies The City of Duballus we Carlile and the Latins from the more modern name Carleolum For that Luguballia and Carlile are the same is universally agreed upon by our Historians n Caer in Welsh signifies a City and Caer-Luul Caer-Luel Caer-Lugubal as it was anciently writ are the very same with Caer-Leil or Caer-Luil the present appellation and import as much as the Town or City of Luul Luel or Lugubal But as to the Etymology good God! what pains has our Countryman Leland took about it and at last he 's driven upon this shift to fancy Ituna might be call'd Lugus and that Ballum came from Vallis a valley and so makes Lugu-vallum as much as a valley upon the Luge But give me leave also to produce my conjecture I dare affirm that the Vallum and Vallin were deriv'd from that famous military Vallum of the Romans which runs just by the City For Antoninus calls it Luguvallum ad vallum and the Picts-wall that was afterwards built upon the Wall of Severus is to be seen at Stanwicks a small village a little beyond the Eden over which there is a wooden bridge It pass'd the river over against the Castle where in the very chanel the remains of it namely great stones appear to this day Also Pomponius Mela has told us 〈◊〉 â—â—gus â—hat they â—â—gnify'd â—â—ong the â—â—cient Briâ—â—â—ns and â—â—als that Lugus or Lucus signify'd a Tower among the old Celtae who spoke the same Language with the Britains For what Antoninus calls Lugo Augusti is in him Turris Augusti so that Lugu-vallum both really is and signifies a tower or fort upon the wall or vallum Upon this bottom if the French had made their Lugdunum â—â—gduâ—â—m signifie as much as a tower upon a hill and their Lucotetia Lucotetia or Lutetia in France An old Itinerary lately publish'd says that Lugdunum signifies a desirable mountain so the Ancients nam'd what we call Lutetia as much as a beautiful tower for the words import so much in the British possibly they might have been more in the right than by deriving the latter from Lutum dirt and the former from one Lugdus a fabulous King That this City flourish'd in the times of the Romans does plainly enough appear both from the several evidences of Antiquity they now and then dig up and from the frequent mention made of it by Roman Authors And even after the ravages of the Picts and Scots it retain'd something of it's ancient beauty and was reckon'd a City For in the year of our Lord 619. Egfrid King of Northumberland o See the Donation at large in Sim. Dunelm l 2. p. 58. gave it to the famous S. Cuthbert in these words I have also bestow'd upon him the City call'd Luguballia with the lands fifteen miles round it At which time also it was wall'd round The Citizens says Bede carry'd Cuthbert to see the Walls of the City and a Well of admirable workmanship built in it by the Romans At which time Cuthbert as the Durham-book has it founded a Religious-house for Nuns with an Abbess and Schools for the instruction of youth Afterwards being miserably destroy'd by the Danes it lay bury'd for about two hundred years in it's own ashes till it began to flourish again by the favour and assistance of William Rufus who built it a-new with a Castle and planted there a Colony first of the Flemings whom upon better consideration he quickly remov'd into oo North-Wales and the Isle of Anglesey Wales and then of English sent out of the south r Then as Malmesbury has it was to be seen a Roman Triclinium or dining-room of stone arch'd over which neither the violence of Weather nor Fire could destroy On the front of it was this Inscription Marii Victoriae Some will have this Marius to have been Arviragus the Britain others that Marius who was saluted Emperour in opposition to Gallienus and is said to have been so strong that Authors tell us he had nerves instead of veins in his fingers Yet I have heard that some Copies have it not Marii Victoriae but Marti Victori which latter may perhaps be favour'd by some and seem to come nearer the truth Luguballia now grown populous had as they write it's Earl or rather Lord Ralph Meschines or de Micenis from whom are descended the Earls of Chester and being about the same time honour'd with an Episcopal See by Hen. 1. had Athulph for it's first Bishop This the Monks of Durham look'd upon as an injury to their Church When Ralph say they Bishop of Durham was banish'd and the Church had none to protect it certain Bishops seis'd upon Carleil and Tividale and joyn'd them to their own Dioceses How the Scots in the reign of King Stephen took this City and Henry 2. recover'd it how Henry 3. Eversden committed the Castle of Carlile and the County to Robert de Veteri ponte or Vipont how in the year 1292. it was p The Chronicle of Lauercost is very particular in describing this lamentable Fire He that recorded the account was an eye-witness and says that the fire was so violent that it consum'd the villages two miles off as well as the Church Castle and the whole City and by his relation it should seem that the City was then much larger and more populous than at present it is burnt down along with the Cathedral and Suburbs how Robert Brus the Scot in the year 1315. besieg'd it without success c. are matters treated of at large in our Histories But it may be worth our while to add two Inscriptions I saw here one in the house of Thomas Aglionby near the Citadel * Deterioris seculi but not ancient DIIS MANIBV S MARCI TROIANI AVGVSTINANI * Tumulum TVM FA CIENDVM CVRAVIT AFEL AMMILLVSIMA CONIVX †Carissima KARISS To which is joyn'd the effigies of an armed Horseman with a Lance. The other is in the Garden of Thomas Middleton in a large and beautiful Character LEG VI VIC P. F. G. P. R. F. That is as I fancy Legio Sexta Victrix Pia Felix The interpretation of the rest I leave to others Andrew Harcla Earl of Carlisle Carlisle had only one Earl 15 Sir Andrew Andrew de Harcla whom Edward the second to speak from the Original Charter of Creation for his honourable and good services against Thomas Earl of Lancaster and his Adherents for subduing the King's Subjects who were in rebellion and delivering them prisoners to the King by the girding of a sword created Earl under the honour and title of Earl of Carleol But the same person afterwards prov'd ungrateful villanous and perfidious to
Orchis palmata palustris Dracontias Upon the old Mill-race at little Salkeld and on Langwathby Holm Cumberland Cynosorchis militaris purpurea odorata On Lance-Moor near Newby and on Thrimby Common Westmoreland Serratula foliis ad summitatem usque indivisis Found first by Reginald Harrison a Quaker in the Barony of Kendal Westmoreland Thlaspi minus Clusii On most Limestone pastures in both Counties Tragopogon Purpureum In the fields about Carlisle and Rose-castle Cumberland Virga aurea latifolia serrata C. B. It grows as plentifully in our fields at Salkeld as the Vulgaris which it as common as any Plant we have NORTHUMBERLAND by Robt. Morden OTTADINI NEXT after the Brigantes Ptolemy places those who according to the various readings of several Copies are call'd a All the Copies Dr. Gale has perus'd read 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 c. with a single Ï„. And Selden's Manuscriptâ— contracts the word as it does most others of the like kind into 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Ottalini Ottadeni and Ottadini instead of all which I would willingly with a very easie alteration read Ottatini that so the word might signifie beyond or upon the river Tyne Thus the name of the inhabitants would exactly agree with the situation of their Country For these men were seated beyond the Tyne and our modern Britains call that Country in Wales which lyes beyond the river Conway Uch-Conway that beyond the Mountains Uch-Mynyth beyond the Wood Uch-Coed beyond the River Gyrway Uch-Gyrway Nor would it be at all improper if by the same rule they nam'd this Country beyond the Tyne Uch-Tin out of which by a little disjointing and mellowing of the word the Romans may seem to have form'd their Ottadini Yet since as Xiphiline reports out of Dio Nicaeus all the Britains that dwelt near the formention'd Wall were call'd 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Maeatae a Maeatae 't is reasonable to believe that our Ottadini living on the Wall were some of those Maeatae who in that remarkable Revolt of the Britains wherein the Caledonians were brought into the Confederacy took up Arms when the Emperour Severus gave orders to his Souldiers to give no Quarter to the Britains in Homer's words 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 None our Arms shall spare None shall escape the fury of the war Children unborn shall dye But the storm of this rebellion was calm'd by the death of Severus who dy'd at York in the midst of his preparations for war A good while after this Country seems to have been part of Valentia Valentiâ— for so Theodosius nam'd it in honour of the Emperour Valentinian after he had vanquish'd the Barbarians and recover'd this lost Province But in the Saxon wars these ancient names grew out of date and all those Countries which lye North of the Frith of Humber took the Saxon Name of Norê§an-Humbra-ric i.e. the Kingdom of the North-Humbrians And yet even this name is now lost in the other Counties being only retain'd in this of Northumberland Which we are now to visit NORTH-HVMBER-LAND NNorthumberland call'd by the Saxons Norê§an-Humber-lond lyes enclos'd in a sort of a Triangle but not Equilateral On the South towards the County of Durham 't is bounded with the river Derwent running into Tine and with Tine it self The East-side is washt with the German Ocean The West reaching from b For above twenty miles together it borders South-west on Cumberland from above Garry gill in the head of Aulston-Moor down to the river of Kelsop Southwest to North-East fronts Scotland and is first bounded with a ridge of Mountains and afterwards with the river Tweed Here were the Limits of both Kingdoms over which in this County two Governours were appointed whereof the one was stil'd Lord Warden of the Middle Marches â—dens of â— Marâ—â—keâ—ers and the other of the c Occidui But Holland gives it more truly of the East Marches Western The Country it self is mostly rough and barren and seems to have harden'd the very carcasses of its Inhabitants whom the neighbouring Scots have render'd yet more hardy sometimes inuring them to war and sometimes amicably communicating their customs and way of living whence they are become a most warlike people and excellent horse-men And whereas they generally have devoted themselves to war there is not a man of fashion among them but has his little Castle and Fort and so the Country came to be divided into a great many Baronies â—ny Baâ—â—ies in â—â—thumâ—â—and the Lords whereof were anciently before the days of Edward the first usually stil'd Barons tho' some of them men of very low Fortunes b But this was wisely done of our Ancestors to cherish and support Martial Prowess in the borders of the Kingdom with at least Honour and Title However this Character they lost when under Edward the first the name of Barons began to be appropriated to such as were summoned by the King to the High Court of Parliament On the Sea-Coasts and along the river Tine the ground with any tolerable husbandry is very fruitful but elsewhere much more barren and unviewly In many places the stones Lithancraces which we call Sea-coals Sea-coalâ— are digg'd very plentifully to the great benefit of the Inhabitants The nearer part which points to the South-west and is call'd Hexamshire Hexamshire had for a long time the Archbishop of York for its Lord and challeng'd how justly I know not the Rights of a County Palatine but when lately it became part of the crown-Crown-Lands by an exchange made with Archbishop Robert it was by Act of Parliament joyn'd to the County of Northumberland being subjected to the same d That is in Civil matters For its Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction is not the same with the rest of the County it being still a peculiar belonging to the Archbishop of York Judicature and having their Writs directed to the Sheriff thereof South Tine South Tine so call'd if we believe the Britains from its being narrowly pent up within its banks for so much Tin signifies say some in the Brittish Languague rising in Cumberland near Alstenmoor where there is an ancient Copper-Mine runs by Lambley formerly a Nunnery built by the Lucies but now much worn away by the floods and Fetherston-haugh the seat of the ancient and well-descended Family of the Fetherstons e The Male line of the Fetherstous of this place being extinct the Lands are fallen into the possession of Fetherston Dodson Gone and being come to Bellister-Castle turns Eastward keeping a direct course along the Wall which is no where three miles distant from it For the Wall having left Cumberland Picts Walâ— and cross'd the little river of Irthing carry'd an Arch over the rapid brook of Poltross Poltross where we saw large Mounts cast up within the wall as design'd for watching the Country Near this place stands Thirlwal-castle Thirlwall no large structure which gave
the river Dea mentioned by Ptolemy which yet keeps its name being call Dee is Kircowbright â—â—â—cowâ—â—â—ght the most convenient haven of this Coast and one of the Stewartries of Scotland which belongs to the Maxwells Then Cardines a Fort upon the river Fleet built upon a craggy and high rock and fortify'd with strong Walls Hard by the river Ken by Ptolemy Jena but corruptly falls into the Sea Next Wigton a Port with a very narrow entrance between the two streams Baiidnoo and Crea reckoned among the Sheriffdoms over which * Agnew ex Insula Agnew of the Isle presides It formerly had for its Earl Archibald Douglas famous in the French War and now hath by the favour of King James John Fleming who derives his pedigree from the ancient Earls of Wigton Earls of Wigton Near this Ptolemy fixes the City Leucopibia Leutopibia which I know not really where to look for Yet by the place it should seem to be that Episcopal See of Ninian which Bede calls Candida Casa and the English and Scots in the same sence a It is in Saxon Hwit-erne the latter part erne in Saxon signifying any sort of vessel and so our English word Ink-horn called by our Northern men Inkern originally implies no more than a vessel in general for ink Whit-herne What then if Ptolemy as he did usually translate Candida Casa Candida Casa which was the name the Britains gave it into 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Greek that is white Houses instead of which the Transcribers have obtruded Leucopibia upon us In this place Ninia or Ninian St. Ninian the Britain a holy man the first that instructed the Southern Picts in the Christian Faith in the reign of Theodosius the Younger had his residence and built a Church dedicated to St. Martin the form whereof as Bede observes was contrary to the British buildings The same Author tells us that the English in his time held this Country and when the number of the Faithful encreased an Episcopal See was erected at this Candida Casa A little higher there is a Peninsula with the Sea insinuating it self on both sides which by a narrow neck is joyned to the main land This is properly call'd Novantum Chersonessus and Promontorium Novantum Promontorium commonly the Mull of Galloway Beyond this Northward is an open Bay full of Islands and of a mighty compass into which abundance of rivers on all sides have their influx But first of all from the very point of the Promontory Abravanus which being a little misplac'd is so termed by Ptolemy for Aber-ruanus that is the mouth of the river Ruan For at this time 't is call'd the river Rian and the Lake out of which it runs Lough-Rian admirably well stockt with herrings and a sort of * Saxatiles pisces Gudgeons This Galloway had its own Princes and Lords Lâ—rds of Galloway in ancient times of whom the first recorded in Chronicle was Fergusius in the reign of Henry the first of England who gave for his Arms A Lion Rampant Argent crowned Or in a Shield Azure After many Troubles he had raised he was driven to such streights by King Malcolm as to give his Son Uchtred for an hostage and being grown weary of the world to take upon himself the habit of a Canon at Holyrood House at Edenborough As for Uchtred Gilbert his younger brother took him Prisoner in a fight and after he had cut out his Tongue and pulled out his Eyes most miserably deprived him both of life and estate But within some few years after Gilbert was dead Roland the Son of Uchtred recovered his father's inheritance who of a sister of William Morvill Constable of Scotland begat Alan Lord Galloway and Constable of Scotland Alan by Margaret the eldest daughter of David Earl of Huntingdon had Dervogilda the wife of John Balliol and mother of John Balliol King of Scotland who contended with Robert Brus for that Kingdom and by a former Wife as it seems he had Helen married to Roger Quincy an English man Earl of Winchester who upon that account was Constable of Scotland as was likewise William Ferrers of Groby grand-son of the said Roger by a daughter and coheir But these English soon lost their inheritance in Scotland as also the dignity of Constable which the Commins Earls of Bughuan had Now Gâ—â—loway is an Earâ—dom in the Faâ—â—ly of tâ—â— Stewarâ—â— descended likewise of a daughter of Roger Quincy untill it was transferred unto the Earls of Arrol But b 'T is now an Earldom in the Family of the Stewarts the title of Lord of Galloway fell afterwards to the Family of Douglass a CARRICT CArrict follows next a Country fruitful in pastures and abundantly furnished with commodities both by land and sea Here Ptolemy places both c Probably the same with the bay of Glenluce Rerigonium a creek and Rerigonium a Town For which in a very ancien Copy of Ptolemy printed at Rome in 1480 we have Berigonium Berigonium So that I cannot chuse but think it was that which is now called Bargeny Bargeny A Lord it hath of the Family of the Kennedyes The Kennedyes which came out of Ireland in the reign of Robert Brus noble numerous and powerful in this tract The head of it is Earl of Cassils Earls of Cassils the name of a Castle upon the River Dun which is his seat upon whose banks he hath another call'd Dunnur Castle he is likewise hereditary Bailiff of this Province â—aily of Carrict For this with Kyle and Cunningham are the three Baileries of Scotland because they that govern these with ordinary power and jurisdiction are called Bailiffs a term coin'd in the middle age and signifies amongst the Greeks Sicilians and French a Conservator or Keeper Earls oâ— Carricâ— Lib. Mâ— ros But Carrict in former times had its Earls Not to mention Gilbert of Galloway's Son to whom King William gave Carrict entire to be possessed for ever we read that Adam of Kilconath about 1270 was Earl Carrict and died in the Holy War whose only Daughter Martha fell deeply in love with Robert Brus a beautiful young Gentleman as she saw him a hunting made him her Husband brought him the title and estate of Earl of Carrict and bore him Robert Brus that famous King of Scotland the founder of the royal Line But the title of Earl of Carrict being for some time left to the younger Sons of the Family of Brus afterwards became an addition to the other Honors of the Princes of Scotland KYLE KYle is next lying more inwardly upon the Bay a plentiful Country and well inhabited An. 750. In Bede's Auctarium or Supplement it is called Campus Cyel and Coil where it is recorded that Eadbert King of the Northumbers added this with other Territories to his Kingdom In Ptolemy's time d Now possibly called Loch-Rian Vidogara Nidogara was a
Iveragh and Dunkerran In this Castle dwelt Donald Mac Carty More a petty King of Irish descent who in the year 1566. resigned his estate to Queen Elizabeth and had it restored to hold of her after the English manner by fealty and homage At the same time he was created Baron of Valentia â—â—ron of 〈◊〉 â—â—â—l of â—â—â—ncar an Island adjoyning and Earl of Clan-car being a man eminent and of great power in these parts and formerly a bitter enemy of the Fitz-Giralds who dispossest his Ancestors Kings as he pretended of Desmond their antient seat and inheritance He enjoyed not this honour very long having but one daughter legitimate whom he married to Florence Mac Carty and lived to be very old â—â—ve The second Promontory lying in the middle between two Bays the Maire and the Bantre is called the b A ridge of hills running through this Promontory makes the bounds betwâ—en the Counties of Coâ—k and Kerry That part on the North side is the Barony of Glanerough in the County of Kerry that on the Sâ—uth is the half Barony of Bear in â—he County of Cork to which the half Barony of Bantry joyns Beare the soil of which is a hungry gravel mixt with stones where lives O Swillivant O Swilliâ—ant Beare and O Swilivant Bantre both of the same family and men very eminent in these parts The third named c This third Promontoâ—y is at this day part of the Barâ—ny of West-Caâ—bâ—y in the County of Cork Eraugh lyes between Bantre and Balatimore or Baltimore a Bay famous for the many herrings took in it and yearly visited by a Fleet of Spaniards and Portuguese in the very middle of winter â—â—ahâ—ns to fish for Codd In this the O Mahons had great possessions bestowed upon them by M. Carew This is that Promontory which Ptolemy calls Notium The Promontory Notium or the South-Promontory at this day Missen-head under which as we may see in him the river Iernus falls into the sea As for the name it now has Jernus a river I dare hardly in so much darkness pretend to guess at it unless it be that which is now called Maire and runs under Drunkeran aforesaid I am as much at a loss likewise for those people whom Ptolemy places upon these Promontories seeing their name differs in several Copies Iberni Outerni Iberi Iverni unless perhaps they are a Colony of the Iberi in Spain as well as their neighbours the Luceni and Concani were Desmonia was formerly of great extent in these parts even from the sea to the river Shanon and was called South-Mounster The Fitz-Giralds of the family of Kildare having conquer'd the Irish became Lords of very great possessions here Of these Maurice Fitz-Thomas to whom Thomas Carew heir to the Seigniory of Desmond made over his title was in the third of Edward 3. created Earl of Desmond Earl of Dâ—smond Of the posterity of this Earl many have been rich and valiant and men of great reputation But this glory was and still continues sullied in James who excluding his nephew has forcibly seiz'd the inheritance and impos'd upon the people those grievous tributes of Coyne Livery Cocherings Bonaughty c. for the maintenance of his Triarii and ravenous Soldiers His son Thomas as he exacted the same of the poor people was apprehended by an Order from John Tiptoft Lord Deputy and beheaded in the year 1467. for his own and his father's wickedness However his children were restored and this honour was hereditarily enjoyed by his posterity till Girald's time the rebel before mentioned who being banished by Act of Parliament Desmond was annext to the crown reduced into a county and a Sheriff ordain'd to govern it from year to year 5 Nâ—vâ—rthâ—lâ—ss in thâ— last rebellion the â—â—bels erected a titâ—laâ—â— Earl and against him Queen Elizabeth granted the Title of Earl of Desmond uâ—to J mâ—s Fâ—â—z-Giraâ—d sâ—n to the foresaid â—ebel who shortly after dyed â—ssucless in thâ— year 1601. The most noted and considerable Houses here for interest and riches are those descended from the Fitz-Giralds known by several and distinct names which upon various accounts have been assum'd by them VODIAE or CORIONDI MOre inward beyond the Iberi dwelt the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 who are termed also the Vodiae The Vodiae and Udiae some resemblance of which name remains very express and clear in the Territories of Idou and Idouth and of the Coriondi The Coriondi in the County of Cork which borders upon them These people inhabited the Counties of Cork Tipperary Limerick and Waterford Comitatus Corcagiensis commonly The County of Cork THE County of Cork which was formerly a Kingdom and contain'd all that part of the country upon the shore between Lismore and St. d Brandon-hills in Kerry Brend * P rhaps Missâ—n head Muskeray where Westward it faces Desmond has in the midland of it Muskeray a wild and woody country where Cormac Mac Teg is very famous and towards the sea Carbray Carbray where the Mac-Carties are the most considerable The first place we come at upon the Coast is e A Bishop's See united to Cork Ross a road for ships and formerly frequented but now by reason of a ledge of sand across it seldom used From hence there shoots out a narrow neck of land into a peninsula called the old head of Kinsale near which the Curcies heretofore flourished in great wealth descended from a brother of John Curcy an English man that subdued Ulster Of which family here still remains Curcy Baron of f Baron of Kinsale Ringrom Curcy Baron of Ringrom but such is the uncertainty of human affairs poor and of mean fortune After it in a fertile spot upon the mouth of the river g Bandon Bany and withall well enough wooded stands Kinsale Kinsale a commodious port fortified with old walls under which in the year 1601. the Kingdom of Ireland was at stake and put to a fair trial whether it should belong to Spain or England For at that instant the Island was embroiled both with foreign and civil wars and Don John D' Aquila with an Army of 8000 Veteranes had surpriz'd this place and fortified it relying upon the censures and excommunications which Pius 5. Gregory 13. and Clement 8. had thunder'd out against Queen Elizabeth and upon the assistance of those Rebels The Spaniards driven out of Ireland who had sent for them under pretence of establishing their Religion the mask and disguise for all the Villanies of this degenerate age which makes such a scuffle about it In opposition to these 6 Sir Charles Charles Blunt Baron Montjoy Lord Deputy though his Army was harrassed and it was now the winter season besieged the Town by land and sea and at the same time also took the field against those Rebels headed by the Earl of Tir-Oen O Donell Mac Gwyre and Mac Mahound whom
meaning his own body The O-Neals afterwards wrested it out of their hands but they being attainted of treason Sir Thomas Smith Knight and one of Queen Elizabeth's Privy-Council by her permission planted a Colony there an excellent design but very unsuccessful For after great expence his own natural son whom he had set over it was taken by an Ambuscade of the Irish and then thrown to be tore in pieces by the dogs a piece of cruelty for which they afterwards severely suffered being themselves put to death and given to the wolves Above Ardes westward lyes the more southern Clanboy Clanboy the Upper i.e. a Yellow Sept or the family of Hugh the Yellow as they interpret it a woody Country which extends to the bay of Knock-Fergus inhabited by the O-Neals and counted the very utmost part of this County of Down The County of ANTRIM THE next County to Louth northwards is the County of Antrim so called from Antrim a small town only remarkable for giving name to the whole shire which is bounded by the bay of Knock-Fergus Knock Fergus the Lough Eaugh and the river Ban. This bay of Knock-Fergus called Vinderius in Ptolemy took it's name from a town situate upon it which the English term Knock-Fergus the Irish Carig-Fergus that is the rock of Fergus from that famous Fergus drowned there who first brought the Scots out of Ireland into Britain This town is more frequented and famous than any other upon this coast by reason of a commodious haven fortifications though not yet finished a castle standing upon a high rock and has a garison to keep the country in subjection with an ancient palace now converted into a magazine Near this lies Clane-boy the lower Clanboy the Lowâ—â— the habitation likewise of the O-Neals memorable for the death of that lewd rebel Shan or John O-Neal who after many outrages was defeated in one or two skirmishes by 49 Sir Henry Henry Sidney Lord Deputy and reduced to such streights that he was resolved to go and address himself to the Lord Deputy with a halter about his neck for pardon but his Secretary dissuaded him and induced him rather to seek assistance from the Island Scots who under the conduct of Alexander Oge were now encamped here and ravaged the country Accordingly he went to them and was kindly received but put to death soon after with his whole party for the slaughter he had formerly made among their relations The war being thus ended by his death and he attainted with his whole party Queen Elizabeth bestowed this Clane-boy upon Walter D'Evereux Earl of Essex who came hither sent perhaps by means of some Courtiers under pretence of honour for he was made Governor of Ulster and Marshal of Ireland into a Country ever rebellious and ungovernable Where endeavouring with great expence to compose affairs and reduce them to a state of peace and quietness he was at last after many and great difficulties snatch'd away by an untimely death to the loss and trouble of all good men and to the benefit of the O-Neals and Brian Carragh of the family of the Mac-Conells who thereupon got this territory and since that time have been at war with one another for the Lordship of it Near this Knock-Fergus lies a Peninsula joined by a small neck of land to the continent which is call'd the Isle of Magie 〈◊〉 oâ— Maâ—â—â— being four miles in length and one in breadth Here some suppose that the Monastery of Magio so much commended by Bede did stand which I have already mentioned in the County of Maio. Then the Glinnes â—â—â—nnes that is the valleys begin at Older-sleet a bad road for ships and run along a great way by the sea This territory belong'd formerly to the Bissets â—â—â—ts Noblemen of Scotland who for making away Patrick Earl of Athol were banished hither and by the favour of Henry the third King of England were settled in an estate here For John Bisset who died in the beginning of Edw. the first had a great estate in lands here and in Edw. the 2d's reign Hugh Bisset forfeited part of it by rebellion In the last age this was invaded by the 〈◊〉 â—â—â—ni â—â—torâ—s 〈…〉 Coâ— Irish Scots from the Cantire and the Hebrides under the conduct of James Mac Conell Lord of Cantire in Scotland who claimed it as descended from the Bissets Shan O-Neal having cut off their Captain soon repelled them Yet they returned and made cruel ravages in these parts fomenting rebellions in the Kingdom till but very lately 50 Sir John John Perrot Lord Deputy first reduced Donall Goran who was slain together with his brother Alexander in Conaught by 51 Sir Richard Richard Bingham and afterwards Agnus Mac Conell the sons of James Mac Conell to that pinch that they submitted themselves to the Queen of England and upon their humble petition received this Country to hold of her by Knight's service on condition to bear arms for none but the Kings of England and to pay a certain number of Cows and Hawks yearly c. Above this as far as the river Bann the Country is called Rowte The Rowte the seat of the Mac Guillies Mac Guâ—lly a family of no small note among the Irish but pent up in this narrow corner by the outrage and continual depredations of the Island-Scots For Surley-Boy Surley boy also Chairly boy that is Charles the yellow brother to James Mac Conell who possessed the Glinnes did in a manner make himself master of this tract till 52 Sir John John Perrot the aforesaid Lord Deputy having took the castle of Donluse Doniuse strongly situated upon a rock hanging out into the sea and severed from the land by a deep ditch drove out him and his party However he recovered it the year following by treachery after he had slain Carie the governor who made a stout defence Upon this the Lord Deputy sent out Meriman an experienced Captain against him who cut off the two sons of James Mac Conell with Alexander the son of this Surley Boy and pressed him so closely driving away his cattle the only riches he had for he was able to make up 50000 Cows of his own stock that he surrender'd Donluse came to Dublin and made an open submission in the Cathedral exhibiting a petition for mercy Being after this admitted into the Governors lodgings as soon as he saw the picture of Queen Elizabeth he threw away his sword once or twice and fell down before it devoting himself entirely to Her Majesty Being received into favour and protection among the other subjects of Ireland hereupon he abjured both in the Chancery Kings-Bench all allegiance to any foreign Prince whatsoever and by the bounty of Queen Elizabeth had four territories or Toughs as they call them from the river Boys to the Ban bestowed upon him namely Donseverig Loghill and Ballamonyn together with the government of Donluse
sometimes declared according to the Law of Tanistry they call him Tanist whether or no from the Danes among whom as among the Northern people of Britain Thane was taken for a person of honour and the King's Officer I cannot positively determine 1 But whereas I have incidently hapned of better observations concerning thus Brehon law and Tanistry dligently collected by Sir John Davis his Majesties Atturney general in Ireland I hope I may with his good leave impart some of them to publick knowedge in his own Words Thâ— several countries or territories possessed by the Irishry were in number 60 and upwards and some being greater and sore less did in extent and scope of land contain two parts of the Kingdom at least In every one of these countries there was a chief Lord or Captain and under him a Tanist which was his successor apparent both these were elected of the country who commonly made choice of such as were most â—ctive and had most sword men and followers depending upon him The chief Lord had certain Lands in Demesne which were called his Log tii or mensall lands in Dâ—or lomâ—sne where he placed his principal Officers namely his Brehon his Marshal his Cup-bearer his Physitian his Surgeon is Chronicler his Rimeâ— and others which offices and professions were hereditary and peculiar to certain septs and families He had also small râ—ts of money and Cows and customary duties of Oatmeal butter and the like out of the lands in the Country except the lands of the Church aâ—d such of his kinsmen and followers to whom he granted a special discharge or freedom Besides he had a general tallage or cutting high or low tâ— his pleasure upon all the inheritance which he took commonly when he made war either with his neighbours or against the Crown of England or made a journy to the state or gave any entertainment so as the whole profits of the Country were at his disposition when he listed and so â—ade the inhabitants like the villains of England upon whom their Lords had power Tallier Haut and Bas as the Phrase of our Law is whereupâ— the English call this kind of exaction by the name of cutting This chief Lord had his Cosharies upon his tenants that is he and his would lye â—pon them until they had eat up all their provisions He would likewise employ upon them his horsemen his kernes his horse boys his dogs boys aâ—d the like to be fed and maintained by them which kept the poor people in continual slavery and beggery The Tanist had also a special portiâ— of land and certain Chiefry proper to the â—anist and within the limits of his portion he had also his cuttings and his Coshiries The rest of tâ— land being distributed among several sâ—pts every sept had a Chief or Canfinie as they called him with a Tanist of that sept both which were châ—n by the chief Lord or Captain of the Country and had likewise their several portions and Chiefries These Captainships or Chiefries were not pâ—table but were entirely enjoyed by such as were elected thereunto All the rest of the lands except the portions of the Cheifs and Tanists descend in course of Gavelkind and were portable among the Males only in which division the Bastards had their portions as well as the legitimate For offences and matters criminal none was so hainous or of so high a nature as that it was capital for treason against the chief Lord and under were fineable the fine they called an Ericke which was assessed by the Lord and his Brehons In case of treason the Lord had all the fine in case of murder the Lord had one moiety and the kindred of the party slain the other moiety so as they never forfeited their possessions or the lands for any offence Howbeit their lands were seized by the Lord for their fines until the same were levied thereupon and then restored Râ— was finable in like sort but theft deserved praise and reward if the stealth were brought into the country because the Lord had a share and â— country thereby became the richer But the theft committed in the country and carried out if the thief were apprehended before his friend madffer of his fine he was commonly punished with death But the Lord in that case might take an Erick if he would Upon the stealth of any caâ—oe if the owner followed the tract wherein the Irish are incredible cunning insomuch as they will find the same by the bruising of a grass in the mmer time if the party unto whose land the tract is brought cannot make it off to some other land he is to answer the stealth to the owner nd this being an Irish law or custom is at this day observed both by the English and Irish the same being ratified by an Act of Council in the â—rl of Sussex his government as fit and necessary for that Kingdom The Brehons assisted by certain Scholars who had learned many rules of the â—il and Canon Law rather by tradition than by reading gave judgment in all causes and had the eleventh part of the thing adjudged for the fee and the chief Lord's Marshal did execution Thâ—se are the principal rules and grounds of the Brehon law which the makers of the Statutes Kilkenny did not without cause call a lewd custom for it was the cause of much lewdness and barbarism It gave countenance and encouragement to theft rape and murder it made all possessions uncertain whereby it came to pass that there was no building of houses and towns nor educatâ— of children in learning or civility no exercise of trades or handicrafts no improvement or manuring of lands no industry or virtue in use amoâ—â— them but the people were bred in looseness and idleness which hath been the true cause of all the mischiefs and miseries in that Kingdom But now take the observations of the foresaid Good in favour of whom I cannot but take previous notice that there is nothing in them malicious and partial but all fair and candid and that they are only to be understood of the wild and native Irish who are as yet unreformed and skulk up and down in the remoter parts of the country These people are generally strong bodied nimble bold haughty quick warlike venturesome hardy whether in labour or in want lustful pretty civil in their entertainments constant in their affections implacably malicious credulous ambitious quarelsome in case of an affront or injury and according to their old character violent in all their affections the bad among them are not to be match'd nor the good to be excell'd They commonly baptize their children by prophane names adding somewhat from one accident or other from some old woman's tattle from colours as red white black c. from distempers as scab'd bald c. or else from some vice as Robbery or pride and though they cannnot bear reproach yet the greatest among them such as have the letter O
addressed himself thus to him My brother and my Soveraign You know very well that the Kingdom of the Isles was mine by right of inheritance but since God hath made you King over it I will not envy your happiness nor grudge to see the crown upon your head I only beg of you so much land in these Islands as may honorably maintain me for I am not able to live upon the Island Lodhus which you gave me Reginald hearing this told his brother he would take the advice of his Council upon it and the day after when Olave was called in to speak with he was apprehended by Reginald's order and carried to William King of Scotland that he might be there put in prison where he continued in chains for almost seven years For in the seventh year died William King of Scotland and was succeeded by his son Alexander but before his death he commanded that all prisoners whatsoever should be set at at liberty Olave being thus freed came to Man and soon after accompanied with no small train of Nobility went to St. James His brother Reginald made him now marry the daughter of a Nobleman of Kentyre his own wives sister named Lavon and gave him Lodhus to enjoy again But within some few days after Reginald Bishop of the Isles called a Synod and divorced Olave the son of Godred and Lavon his wife as being the Cousin german of his former wife Afterwards Olave married Scristina the daughter of Ferkar Earl of Rosse Reginald's wife Queen of the Islands was so troubled at this news that she sent letters in the name of her husband King Reginald to her son Godred in the Island Sky commanding him to kill Olave As Godred was contriving to execute this order and going to Lodhus for that end Olave got off in a little cock-boat and fled to his father-in-law the Earl of Rosse aforesaid while Godred in the mean time wasted the Island At the same time Pol the son of Boke Sheriff of Sky a man of great interest in all the Islands fled likewise having refused to comply with Godred and lived in the Earl of Ross's house with Olave Making a league with Olave they went together in one vessel to Sky At last they understood by their Spies how he lay unapprehensive and negligent with a very few men in a certain Island called St. Columbs So he gathered his friends and companions together and with such volunteers as would go with him set sail in the middle of the night with five ships drawn together from the opsite shore distant about two furlongs and beset the Island Godred and his companions next morning perceiving themselves enclosed were in great consternation However they took arms and though to no purpose manfully endeavoured to withstand them For Olave and Pol the aforesaid Sheriff landed about nine a clock with their whole army and cut off all they met with those only excepted that had taken sanctuary in the Churches Godred was taken and not only blinded but gelded too However this was against Olave's will for he would have saved him but for Boke's son the Sheriff aforesaid For this was done in the year 1223. Olave having received pledges from the Noblemen of the Isles set sail for Man the next summer with a fleet of thirty two ships and arrived at Rognolfwaht At this very time Reginald and Olave divided the Kingdom of the Isles between them but Reginald was to have Man over and above together with the title of King Olave having now the second time furnished himself with provisions from the Isle of Man returned with his company to his part of the Islands Reginald the year following taking Alan Lord of Gallway along with him went with the people of the Isle of Man to disseise his brother Olave of the lands he had given him and to reduce it under his own dominion But the people of Man being unwilling to fight against Olave and the Islanders by reason of a peculiar kindness between them Reginald and Alan Lord Gallway were forced to return home without effecting any thing A while after Reginald pretending a journey to the Court of his soveraign Lord the King of England raised an hundred marks in contribution from the Island of Man but went however to the Court of Alan Lord of Gallway During his stay there he married his daughter to Alan's son The people of Man received this news with such indignation that they sent for Olave and made him King 1226. Olave recovered his inheritance namely the Kingdom of Man and of the Isles which his brother Reginald had governed for thirty eight years and reigned quietly two years 1228. Olave accompanied with all the Nobility and the greatest part of the people of Man sailed over to the Isles A while after that Alan Lord of Gallway Thomas Earl of Athol and King Reginald came into Man with a great army and there they wasted all the south part of the Island spoiled the Churches and put all the inhabitants they could meet with to death so that the whole was in a manner desolate After Alan had thus ravaged the Country he returned with his army leaving his Bailiffs in Man to collect the tribute of the Country and send it to him King Olave coming upon them at unawares soon put them to flight and recovered his Kingdom Whereupon the people that had been dispersed and scattered began to get together again and to live in their old homes with quietness and security The same year King Reginald came in the dead of night in the winter time with five sail of ships and burnt all the ships that belonged either to his brother Olave or the Nobility of Man the Isle of S. Patrick and tarried forty days after in Ragnoll-wath haven desiring peace of his brother During this abode he won over all the inhabitants of the south part of Man so that they swore they would lose their lives rather than he should not be restored to the half of the Kingdom Olave on the other side had drawn in those of the north part to adhere to him and so upon the fourteenth of February at a place called Tinguall the two brothers came to an engagement wherein Olave had the victory and King Reginald was flain but without the knowledge of Olave About this time certain Pirates arrived at the south part of Man and wasted it The Monks of Ruffin convey'd the Corps of King Reginald to the Abbey of S. Mary de Fournes and there it was buried in a certain place which he himself had before chose for that purpose Olave after this went to the King of Norway but before his arrival Haco King of Norway had appointed a certain Nobleman called Husbac the son of Owmund to be King of the Sodorian Islands and named him Haco This Haco accompanied with Olave Godred Don the son of Reginald and many Norwegians came to the Isles but in taking a certain castle in the Isle of Both he was
adjacent Fort may apprehend the Delinquent and send him under a guard to Castle-town where he is brought before the Governor of the Island and being examined is either sentenced or dismissed according as his innocence or his guilt appears As for private injuries and injustices which require a suit of Law they are decided according to their customary Laws twice a year in their Sheeding-Courts The principal Forts are the Castle of Russin where the Lord of the Island keeps his Court and Peel-Castle which Mr. Camden calleth only a Block-house but it is now acknowledged to be the second Fortress of the Island and is of great importance It is strongly fortified both by nature and art by the sea round about it and by walls and ramparts within It is the common prison for all Offenders in the Island the Kings of England have frequently banished hither and confined to this prison several noble persons The Inhabitants This Island seems to have been peopled from the Hebrides or western Isles of Scotland their language being the very same with the Scots-Irish The people are stiled Manksmen and their language Manks Many of their words are derived from the Latine and Greek and some are pure English Such words for the most part signifie things foreign and which originally were not known to them or in use amongst them In their language they always put the substantive before the adjective as man good woman fair The Peasants of the Island are tall in stature but of a gross heavy spirit and surly temper imposing upon others and shewing little respect to strangers They live in little Huts made up of small stones and clay instead of walls and most commonly thatched with broom which have only one room and that without any cieling In this single room the whole family lyes and among the meaner sort they are forced to place their cows in a corner of the room They are very sparing and abstemious in their diet their constant food being salt-butter herrings and oat-cakes Their drink is either simple water or water mixed with milk or butter-milk Their bedding is generally hay or straw and they are much addicted to the musick of the Violin The inhabitants are not mutinous or rebellious but continue firm in their loyalty to the Lord of the Island and detest all our commotions and divisions both in Church and state Their Gentry are very courteous and affable and are more willing to discourse with one in English than their own language In all their carriage apparel and house keeping they imitate the English Gentry They do not live in towns or villages but in mansion-houses built upon their own lands in the Country which for the most part are high well-built houses after the English fashion There are but about six families of note in the whole Island yet some of these are of great antiquity and especially those that bear the sirname of Christian and Cannel For out of these two families they ordinarily choose their Deemsters who are their Judges In former times there were several Noblemen of this Island but at present there are none save the Lord of the Island Not only the Gentry but likewise such of the Peasants as live in the towns or frequent the town-markets do both understand and speak the English language Their Customs as to Foreigners If any who is not a native desires to live in the Island he must have the leave of the Lord or of the Governor in the Lord's absence and then he enjoys all privileges as if he had been a native When any strangers arrive in the Island the Governor is presently acquainted with it who sends the Comptroller or some other officer to the town where the strangers land to examine what they are whence they come and what their business is in the Island Before this officer the stranger is to appear immediately after his landing and after satisfying him in these questions is dismissed It is expected of all strangers of what quality soever that after their arrival the very same day if it be not too late they go and visit first the Lord and afterwards the Governor of the Island who both reside in Castle-town If they land at any of the other havens and be unprovided of a horse the Comptroller by his place is to furnish them with a horse to carry them to Castle-town and this at the charges of the Lord of the Island Upon their arrival at Castle-town they are waited on by a Gentleman of quality who conducts them first to the palace of the Lord and afterwards to the Governor's apartment where after some few general questions they are civilly dismissed Their â—anner of â—ade The method of trading and commerce which the inhabitants of this Island use with foreigners is singular and truly beneficial both to the natives and to strangers The Country at a Tinwald or their prime Court always chooses four Merchants to buy the foreign commodities for the whole Island and they are sworn by the Deemsters to deal justly and fairly for the Country's profit When any ship arrives in the Island with salt iron pitch or tar or any other foreign commodity these four Merchants together with the foreign Merchant appear before the Governor of the Island to treat about the prices of the commodities imported and to make a bargain Whatsoever bargain is made by these four the Country is to stand to and obliged to take the goods of the foreign Merchant and pay for them according to the rates agreed on The people of the Country are to bring in their native commodities of wooll hides tallow or such like and are to have for the same according to the agreement made their equal proportion of the salt iron or other commodities imported If the commodities brought in by the country people will not extend to the value of the stranger's commodities then the four Merchants are to assess the rest of the commodities upon the Country every one his equal proportion for which they are to pay ready money according to the prices agreed on by the four Merchants By this means the foreign Merchant is much encouraged to bring in things necessary for the Island and the people have by the faithfulness of their four Merchants the full benefit of the commodities imported which otherwise some private men of the Country would certainly enhance for their own profit The foreigners viz. the English Scots and Irish and none almost of any other nation drive the greatest trade in the towns the natives thereof being for the most part Mariners or Fishermen although there are not at present above three or four in a town that have small little boats of their own wherewith they trade transporting and importing petty commodities In former times this Island was better stored with shiping being able to equip a fleet of fourscore sail * Chron. of Man but at this day they have not any bark above sorty tun In
being still Justiciary as before His Wife died this year MCCLXXXI Adam Cusak younger kill'd William Barret and many others in Conaught Frier Stephen Fulborn was made Justiciary of Ireland The Lord Robert d'Ufford return'd into England MCCLXXXII This Year Moritagh and Arte Mac-Murgh his Brother were slain at Arclowe on S. Mary Magdalen Eve And Roger Lord Mortimer died MCCLXXXIII The City of Dublin was in part burnt and the Belfrey of Trinity Church upon the third day before the Nones of January MCCLXXXIV The Castle of Ley was taken and burnt by the petty Kings of Offaly the morrow after S. Barnaby's Day Alphonsus the King's Son twelve years old departed this Life MCCLXXXV The Lord Theobald le Botiller died on the 6th of the Kalends of October in the Castle of Arclowe and was buried there in the Convent of the Friers Predicants Gerald Fitz Maurice was taken Prisoner by his own Irish Subjects in Ofaly with Richard Petit and S. Deget and many others and at Rathode was a great slaughter MCCLXXXVI Le Norragh and Arstol with other Towns were successively burnt by William Stanton on the 16th of the Kalends of December About this time Eleanor Queen of England mother of King Edward took a religious habit at Ambresbury upon the day of S. Thomas's translation having her dower confirmed by the Pope and assur'd to her for ever Calwagh was taken Prisoner at Kildare The Lord Thomas Clare departed this Life MCCLXXXVII This year died Stephen Fulborn Archbishop of Tuam and was succeeded in the Office of Justiciary for a Time by John Sampford Archbishop of Dublin This year the King of Hungary renounc'd Christianity and turned Apostate and having fraudulently assembled his Nobility under pretence of a Parliament Miramomelius a potent Saracen came upon them with an Army of 20000 men and took the King and all the Christians there away prisoners on S. John Baptist's eve As the Christians were carried along the weather turn'd cloudy and a tempest of Hail fell suddenly and killed many thousands of the Infidels So the Christians return'd to their own homes and the Apostate King went alone with the Saracens The Hungarians crown'd his Son King and continued in the Catholick Faith MCCLXXXIX Tripoly a famous City was demolish'd after great effusion of Christian blood by the Sultan of Babylon Who commanded the Images of the Saints to be dragg'd at the horses tails through the ruinous City in contempt of Christ MCCXC Inclyta stirps Regis sponsis datur ordine legis The issue of the King becomes a Spouse The Lord Gilbert Clare took to Wife the Lady Joan de Acon a daughter of our Lord King Edward in the Abby of Westminster and the marriage was celebrated in May And John the Duke of Brabant's son married Margaret the said King's daughter also in the Church aforesaid in July This year the Lord William Vescie was made Justiciary of Ireland and enter'd upon the Office on S. Martin's day Item O Molaghelin King of Meth was this year slain MCCXCI Gilbert Clare the son of Gilbert and the Lady Joan de Acon was born on the 11th of May betimes in the morning Item there was an army led into Ulster against O Hanlan and other Princes that had broke the Peace by Richard Earl of Ulster and William Vescie Justiciary of Ireland Item The Lady Eleanor formerly Queen of England and mother of King Edward died this year on S. John's day after a laudable life spent four years eleven months and six days in a religious habit as she had desir'd in the Abby of Ambresbury where she was a profess'd Nun. Item the news came to our Lord Pope Martin on the eve of S. Mary Magdalen concerning the city of Acon in the Holy Land which was the only place of refuge for the Christians that it was besieg'd by Mislkadar the Sultan of Babylon with a numerous army He besieg'd it hotly for about forty days viz. from the 8th day before the Ides of April till the 15th before the Kalends of July At last the Wall was pull'd down by the Saracens and they entred the city in great numbers many Christians being slain and some drown'd in the sea for fear Among whom was the Patriarch and his Train The King of Cyprus and Oto de Grandison escap'd in a ship with their followers Item This year the Lord Pope Martin granted our Lord King Edward the tenth of all Ecclesiastical Benefices in Ireland for seven years together as a supply towards a relief for the Holy Land Item the eldest son of the Earl of Clare was born the same year MCCXCII Edward King of England again entred Scotland and was chosen King John Lord Balliol of Gallweya obtain'd the whole Kingdom of Scotland by right of inheritance and did homage to our Lord Edward King of England at Newcastle upon Tine on S. Stephen's day Florentius Earl of Holland Robert Brus Earl of Carrick John Hastings John Comin Patrick de Dunbar John Vescie Nicholas Souls and William Roos who were then at difference in the said Kingdom submitted themselves to the judgment of King Edward Item A fifteenth of all the Goods of Laymen in Ireland was granted to our Lord the King of England to be collected on the Feast of S. Michael Item Sir Peter Genevile Knight died this year Item Rice ap Meredyke was brought to York and there dragg'd at the horses tails c. MCCXCIII A general and open war was this year waged at sea with the Normans Item no small number of the Normans was cut off in a sea-engagement by the Barons of the Ports of England and others their coadjutors between Easter and Whitsuntide For this a war broke out between England and France whereupon Philip King of France directed his letters of citation to the King of England to appear in person at his Parliament to answer what the King had to say to him but finding no compliance with this order he forthwith by the counsel of his Parliament declar'd him outlaw'd and condemn'd him Item Gilbert Clare Earl of Glocester and his wife came into Ireland about the feast of S. Luke MCCXCIV William Montfort in the King's Council holden at Westminster before the King died suddenly He was Dean of S. Paul's in London The Bishops and Clergy who doubted what the King would expect from every one of them had instructed him as a person whom the King would confide in what to signifie from them to him as soon as he return'd to the King and was addressing himself to speak as he had design'd he grew speechless fell down and was carried out by the King's servants in a miserable condition Upon this sight people grew fearful and began to take him for the great procurer of the tenths of ecclesiastical benefices to the King and of the scrutiny and search after the fold of Christ as also of the contributions granted the King afterward Item The city of Bordeaux with the adjacent country of Gascoign was taken
into possession by the King of France upon certain conditions but was detain'd unjustly and treacherously John Archbishop of Dublin and some other great men were sent to the Kinâ— in Almain upon this account After they had receiv'd their answer in Tordran the Archbishop return'd into England and died oâ— S. Leodegarys day The bones of which John Sampford werâ— interr'd in S. Patrick's Church in Dublin on the 10th day beforâ— the Kalends of March. The same year there arose a debate between William Lord Vescy then Justiciary of Ireland and the Lord John Fitz Thomas and the said Lord William Vescy went into England and lefâ— Sir William de la Hay to officiate as Justiciary But when botâ— them were before the King for combat upon an appeel for treason William Vescy fled into France and would not fight Whereupon the King of England gave all the Seigniories that belong'd to him to Sir John Fitz Thomas viz. Kildare Rathemgan and manâ— others The same year Gilbert Clare Earl of Glocester return'd ouâ— of Ireland into England Likewise Richard Earl of Ulster sooâ— after S. Nicholas's day was taken prisoner by Sir John Fitz Thomas and kept within the castle of Ley till the feast of S. Gregory Pope but was then set at liberty by the Council of our Lord thâ— King in a Parliament at Kilkenny John Fitz Thomas gave aâ— his lands for taking him viz. Slygo with other Possessions belonging to him in Conaght Item this year the castle of Kildare was taken but Kildarâ— and the Country round it was wasted by the English and the Irish Calvagh burnt all the Rolls and Tallies of the said Earl This yeaâ— and the two next following there was much dearth and Pestilencâ— throughout Ireland Item William Lord Dooddyngzele was made Justiciary of Irelanâ— MCCXCV Edward King of England built the Castle de Beâ— Marisco i.e. Beaumaris in Venedocia which is call'd the motheâ— of Cambria but commonly Anglesey and enter'd it immediatelâ— after Easter subduing the Venedotes i.e. the able men of Anglesey and making them subject to him Soon after this viz. about thâ— Feast of S. Margaret Madock at that time Prince elect of Waleâ— submitted himself to the King's mercy and was brought to Londoâ— by John de Haverings where he was clapt in the Tower to waâ— the King's grace and favour This year died William Dooddingzeâ— Justiciary of Ireland the day after S. Mary of Egypt Sir Thomas Fitz-Maurice succeeded him Also about the same time thâ— Irish in Leinster destroy'd that Province burning the new Castâ—â— with other Villages Item Thomas de Torbevile a seducer oâ— the King and betrayer of his Country was drawn through the middle of London lying out at length and guarded with four Toâ—mentors in Vizards who revil'd him as we went along At lasâ— he was gibbeted and deny'd the privilege of Burial having nonâ— to attend his Funeral but Kites and Crows This Thomas waâ— one of them who in the Siege of the Castle of Rions was takeâ— and carry'd to Paris Whereupon he promis'd the Nobility oâ— France that he would deliver to them the King of England anâ— leaving his two Sons as Pledges came over and told the King oâ— England and his Council how narrowly he escap'd out of Prisoâ— When he had inform'd himself of the designs of the King anâ— state of the Kingdom he sent the whole in writing to the Provoâ— of Paris Of which being convicted he was executed iâ— the manner aforesaid About the same time the Scoâ— having broken the Peace which they had covenanted with oâ—â— Lord King of England made a new league with the King oâ— France and conspiring together rose up in Arms against their owâ— sovereign Lord and King John Baillol and shut him up in the midland parts of Scotland in a Castle encompass'd with Mountain This was done in pure spight and contempt to the King of England because he had set the said John over them without theâ—â— will and consent The King of England brought another Army 〈◊〉 Scotland the Lent following to chastise the Scots for their presumption and arrogance against their own Father and King Sâ— John Wogan was made Justiciary of Ireland and the Lord Thomas Fitz-Maurice give place to him This Wogan made a Trucâ— for two years between the Earl of Ulster and John Fitz-Thomas and the Geraldines About Christmas-day this year Gilbert Clarâ— Earl of Glocester departed this life Item the King of Englanâ— sent his Brother Edmund with an Army into Gascoign MCCXCVI The Lord Edward King of England on the thirâ— day before the Kalends of April viz. upon Friday that fell oâ—â— then to be Easter-week took Berwick with the slaughter of seveâ— thousand Scots and not of above one of the English Knights viâ— Sir John of Cornwall and seven Footmen more Shortly after abouâ— the 4th of May he enter'd the Castle of Dunbar and took abouâ— forty of the Enemy Prisoners who submitted themselves to thâ— King's mercy having before defeated the whole Army of the Scots that is to say slain seven hundred Horse with the loss of Footmeâ— only on the English side Item upon S. John's-day before Port-latin about 15000 Welchmeâ— were sent to invade Scotland by the King's Order At the same timâ— the Nobility of Ireland viz. John Wogan Justiciary Richard Bourâ— Earl of Ulster Theobald Butler and John Fitz-Thomas witâ— others came to assist in this Expedition to Scotland The Kinâ— of England also entertain'd them with others of the English Nobility upon the third day before the Ides of May viz. Whitsuâ—day with a great Feast in the castle of Rokesburgh Item on thâ— next Wednesday before S. Barnabas he enter'd the Town of Edinburgh and won the castle before the Feast of S. John Baptist shortly after in the same Summer all the castles in Scotland were surrender'd up to him Item John Balliol King of Scotland came tho' much against his will to the King of England upon the Sunday next after the Translation of S. Thomas the Archbishop attended with many Earls Bishops and Knights and they surrender'd all to the King but their lives and limbs and their Lord John Balliol gave up all his Right and Title in Scotland to the King of England who sent him under a safe guard towards London Item Edmund Brother to the King of England died this year in Gascoign MCCXCVII Our Lord Edward King of England sail'd into Flanders with an Army against the King of France where after much expence and altercation a form of Peace was concluded between them upon condition they should stand to the award and judgment of the Pope From the one side and the other certain Messengers were sent to the Court of Rome but while the King was in Flanders William Walleis according to a general Resolution of the Scots came with a great Army to Strivelin-bridge to engage John Earl of Warren in which Battel many were slain on both sides and many drown'd but however the English were
made by them for the benefit of the Kingdom Gaveston quitted the Realm about the feast of All-saints and went into Flanders from whence about four months after he return'd soon after Epiphany privately into England keeping so close to the King that the Barons could not easily come near him He went with the King to York making his abode there in the Lent whereupon the Bishops Earls and Barons of England came to London to consider the state of the Kingdom lest the return of Gaveston might breed disturbance in the state Item Sir John Cogan Sir Walter Faunt and Sir Jehn Fitz Rery died this year and were buried in the Church of the Friers predicants in Dublin Item John Macgoghedan was kill'd by Omolmoy Item This year died William Roch kill'd at Dublin by an arrow which an Irish-highlander shot at him Item Sir Eustace Pover departed this life Item On the eve of S. Peter's Chair a riot was occasion'd in Urgaly by Robert Verdon Item Donat O Brene was traiterously kill'd by his own men in Tothomon MCCCXII Sir Peter Gaveston went into the castle of Scardeburg to defend himself against the Barons But soon after the kalends of June he surrendred himself to Sir Aumare Valence who besieg'd him upon certain conditions Valence was carrying him to London but the Earl of Warwick intercepted him at Dedington and brought him to Warwick where on the 13th before the kalends of July after a consultation among the Earls and Barons he was beheaded and buried in the Church of the Friers predicants in Langley Item The Justiciary of Ireland John Wogan set out at the head of an army against Robert Verdon and his accomplices and â—o the 6th before the ides of July was sadly defeated In this Battle Nicholas Avenel Patrick Roch and many others were cut off Upon this the said Verdon and many of his followers surâ—endred themselves to the King and went into his prison at Dublin â—n hopes of favour and pardon Item On thursday the day after S. Lucy the virgin in the 6th year of King Edward the moon appear'd to be of several colours and that day it was resolv'd that the Order of the Templars should be abolish'd Item The Lord Edmund Botiller was made lieutenant to John â—ogan Justiciary of Ireland In the Lent following he besieg'd the O Brinnes in Glindelory and forc'd them to surrender nay had â—â—terly destroy'd them if they had not submitted themselves Item The day after the feast of S. Dominick the Lord Mauâ—ice Fitz-Thomas married Catharine the Earl of Ulster's daughter â—t Green Castle and Thomas Fitz-John married another daughter of the Earl's on the day after the assumption but in the same place Item The Sunday after the feast of the exaltation of the Holy Cross the daughter of the Earl of Glocester wife to the Lord John Burk was deliver'd of a son MCCCXIII Frier Roland Joce Primat of Armagh arriv'd in the isle of Houth the day after the annunciation of the blessed Mary and in the night got privately out of his bed took up his Crosier and advanc'd it as far as the Priory of Grace-dieu where â—e was encountred by some of the Archbishop of Dublin's servants â—ho made him leave his Crosier and drove the Primat himself out â—f Leinster Item A Parliament was held at London but little or nothing â—one towards a peace The King left them and went into France 〈◊〉 compliance with an order from that Court taking the sign of â—â—e Cross upon him with many of his Nobles Item Nicholas Fitz-Maurice and Robert Clonhul were knighted â—y the Lord John Fitz-Thomas at Adare in Munster Item On the last of May Robert Brus sent out some gallies with â—apperies in them to pillage Ulster but the people made a stout â—esistance and drove them off It is reported that Robert himself â—â—nded with them by the Earl's permission in order to make a â—â—nce Item This Summer Master John Decer a Citizen of Dublin â—aused a bridge to be built as was very necessary reaching from â—â—e Town of Balyboght to the causey of the Mill-pool of Clontarf â—hich before was a very dangerous passage But after great charge â—he whole bridge arches and all was wash'd down by an inâ—ndation Item On the feast of S. Laurence died John Leeks Archbishop â—f Dublin two were elected for the succession such was the heat â—nd difference of the electors Walter Thornbury the King's Chancellor in Ireland and Master Alexander Bicknore Treasurer â—f Ireland But Walter Thornbury with about an hundred and â—â—fty six more were cast away at Sea the night following Bicknor â—as at that time expecting the Pope's favour and was afterwards â—ade Archbishop of Dublin Item The Lord Miles Verdon married the daughter of the Lord â—ichard de Exeter Item This year the Lord Robert Brus demolish'd the Castle of Manne and on S. Barnaby's day overcame the Lord Donegan Odowill On the feast of Marcellus and Marcellianus the Lord John Burk the heir of Richard Earl of Ulster died at Gallway Item The Lord Edmund Botiller on Sunday being S. Michael's day made thirty Knights in Dublin Castle MCCCXIV The Hospitalers had the lands of the Templars in Ireland bestow'd upon them Item The Lord John Parice was slain at Pount Item On S. Silvester's day the Lord Theobald Verdon came Justiciary into Ireland Item Sir Geffery Genevile a Frier died this year on the 12th before the kalends of November and was buried in his order of Friers predicants of Trym he was also Lord of the liberty of Meth. Item Upon S. Matthew's day this year Loghseudy was burnt and on the Friday following the Lord Edmund Botiller receiv'd his Commission to be Justiciary of Ireland MCCCXV On S. John the Baptist's day the Earl of Glocester was kill'd in an engagement with the Scots and many others were kill'd and taken prisoners The Scots grew insolent upon this success and possess'd themselves of much land and tribute in Northumberland Item Shortly after they invested Carlisse where John Douglas was crush'd to death by a wall that fell upon him This year the Scots not contented with their own possessions arriv'd in the north part of Ireland at Clondonne to the number of 6000. fighting men and expert soldiers namely Edward Brus whole brother to Robert King of Scots with the Earl of Morreth John Meneteth John Steward the Lord John Cambel Thomas Randolfe Fergus de Andressan John de Bosco and John Bisset who possess'd themselves of Ulster and drove the Lord Thomas Mandevile and other subjects out of their estates The Scots entred Ireland on the Feast of S. Augustin the English Apostle in the month of May near Cragfergus in Ulster the first encounter between the English and them was hear Banne wherein the Earl of Ulster was put to flight and William Burk John Stanton and many others were taken Prisoners many were kill'd and the Scots got the day The second encounter was at Kenlys in Meth where Roger Mortimer and his soldiers
were put to flight The third was at Sketheris hard by Arstol the day after S. Paul's conversion the English fled and were routed by the Scots Whereupon Edward Brus after the feast of Philip and James got himself crown'd King of Ireland Having taken Green Castle they posted themselves in it but the citizens of Dublin soon remov'd them and recover'd it for the King and finding Sir Robert Coultagh the governour of the Castle there they brought him to Dublin where he was imprison'd and being kept to hard diet died Item Upon S. Peter and Paul's day the Scots invested Dondalk took it plunder'd it and then burnt it after they had kill'd all such as had oppos'd them A great part of Urgale was likewise burnt by them as also the Church of the blessed Virgin Mary in Atterith full of men women and children with the assistance of the Irish This same year the Lord Edmund Botiller Justiciary of Ireland about the feast of S. Mary Magdalen drew considerable forces out of Munster Leinster and other parts to joyn the Earl of Ulster at Dondalk who had drawn a mighty great army out of Connaght and those parts and was marching thither There they concerted what measures they should take to destroy the Scots What their resolutions were is not known but the Scots fled and if they had not they had as 't is hop'd been taken Prisoners After this the Earl of Ulster and the said Justiciary with the rest of the Nobility resolv'd as soon as they had cut off the Scots to bring the Lord Edmund Brus dead or alive to Dublin Accordingly the Earl pursued them as far as Branne and then retir'd towards Coyners Brus perceiving this pass'd the River privately follow'd him and put him to flight with some others of the Earl's side having wounded George Roch and slain Sir John Stanton Roger Holiwood and others Many were likewise kill'd on Brus's side and on the 10th of September the Lord William Burk was taken Prisoner and the Earl was defeated near Coyners whereupon an Insurrection of the Irish in Conaught and Meth follow'd against the King and the Earl of Ulster who burnt the Castles of Atholon Raudon and others The Baron of Donull was very eminent for his great Valour but he suffer'd very much in his Goods and the Scots drove them stoutly as far as Cragfergus where those of the Earl's party fled and they some of them enter'd the Castle and defended it with great valour Afterwards certain Seamen came suddenly from the Port-towns and Havens of England surpris'd the Scots and kill'd forty of them carrying their Tents c. off with them The day after the Exaltation of the Holy Cross the Earl of Morreff went over with four Pirate-ships laden with Irish Commodities into Scotland accompanied with the Lord William Brus intending there to pick up a supply for his Army One of the Ships was cast away All this while the aforesaid Brus was carrying on the Siege of Cragfergus-castle At the same time Cathil Roge demolish'd three Castles of the Earl of Ulster's in Connaught where he likewise burnt and plunder'd many Towns Now also the English Mariners above-mentioned went to the said Castle and the Lords there skirmish'd with one another and kill'd many of the Scots Richard Lande O-Ferivil was slain also about this time by an Irish man Item Afterwards upon S. Nicholas day Brus left Cragfergus and was join'd by the Earl of Morreff with 500 Men so they march'd together towards Dundalk Many flock'd into them and gave them their assistance From these they pass'd on to Nobee where they left many of their Men about the feast of S. Andrew Brus himself burnt Kenley's in Meth and Grenard Abby which he rifled and spoil'd He also burnt Finnagh and Newcastle and all that Country and after they had kept their Christmas at Loghsudy they burnt it likewise At last they march'd forward by Totmoy to Rathymegan and Kildare and the Country about Tristeldermot Athy and Reban in which Expedition they lost some Soldiers After this Brus advanc'd to Skethy near Arscoll in Leinster where he was engag'd by the Lord Edmund Botiller Justiciary of Ireland Sir John Fitz-Thomas Thomas Arnald Power and other Noblemen of Leinster and Munster so strong that any single Lord of them might have been an overmatch for Brus and his whole Party But a difference arising they left the Field in great disorder and confusion to him according to the truth of that Every Kingdom divided against it self shall become desolate Haymund le Grace a noble ' Squire and particularly loyal to his King and Country and Sir William Prendregest were both slain The Scots lost Sir Fergus Andrissan Sir Walter Morrey and many others who were buried at Athy in the Convent of the Friers Predicants Afterwards Brus in his return towards Meth burnt Loy-castle and so the Scots march'd from Kenlis into Meth where the Lord Mortimer took the field against them with a numerous Army amounting to near 15000 but hardly unanimous and true to one another as it was believ'd For tho' this Body was all under the said Mortimer yet they went off about three a Clock and deserted him particularly the Lacies so that the Lord Mortimer was oblig'd to retreat to Dublin with a small Party and the Lord Walter Cusake to the Castle of Trym leaving the Country and the Town of Kenlis to the mercy of the Scots Item At the same time all the South-part of the Country was burnt by the Irish of those parts viz. Arclo Newcastle Bree and all the adjacent Villages under the conduct of the Otothiles and the O Brynnes The Omorghes also burnt and wasted part of Leys in Leinster but most of them were cut off by the Lord Edmund Botiller Chief Justice of Ireland and about eight hundred of their Heads carried to Dublin-castle Item This year about the feast of the purification of the blessed Virgin some of the Irish Nobility and the Lord Fitz-Thomas Richard Lord Clare John Lord le Pover and Arnold Lord Pover came to the Lord John de Hotham who was appointed by the King for that end to establish a Peace for their after-quiet and safety so they took their Oaths to stand by the King of England with their lives and fortunes to do their best to preserve the peace and to kill the Scots For performance whereof they gave Pledges before God and so return'd All the rest of the Irish Nobility that refus'd to follow the same course were to be look'd upon as Enemies to the King Item The Lord John Bysset departed this life and the Church of the new Village of Leys with the Belfrey was burnt by the Scots The Castle of Northburg in Ulster was also taken by them Item Fidelmicus O Conghyr King of Connaught kill'd Rorick the son of Cathol O Conghyr Item This year died the Lord William Maundevil and the Bishop of Coner fled to the Castle of Cragfergus and the Bishoprick was laid under
year of his Age. MCCCXXIV Nicholas Genevile son and heir to the Lorâ— Simon Genevile died this year and was buried in the Church oâ— the Friers-predicants at Trym Item there happen'd a very higâ— wind on the 12th day at night Item There was a general murrain of Oxen and Kine in Irâ—land MCCCXXV Richard Lederede Bishop of Ossory cited Damâ— Alice Ketyll to answer for her heretical and perverse Opinions and forc'd her to appear in Person before him And being examâ—ned for Sorcery it was found that she had us'd it among others this was discover'd That a certain Spirit call'd Robin Artyssoâ— lay with her and that she offer'd him nine red Cocks at 〈◊〉 Stone-bridge where the High-way branches out into four severaâ— Parts Item That she swept the streets of Kilkenny with Beesoms between Complin and Courefew and in sweeping the Filth towards the house of William Utlaw her son by way of conjuring wish'd that all the wealth of Kilkenny might flow thither The accomplices of this Alice in these devilish practices were Pernil of Meth and Basilia the daughter of this Pernil Alice being found guilty was fined by the Bishop and forc'd to abjure her sorcery and witchcraft But being again convicted of the same practice she made her escape with Basilia and was never found But Pernil was burnt at Kilkenny and before her death declar'd That William above-said deserv'd punishment as well as she and that for a year and a day he wore the Devil's girdle about his bare body Hereupon the Bishop order'd the said William to be apprehended and imprison'd in the castle of Kilkenny for eight or nine weeks and gave orders that two men should attend him but that they should not eat or drink with him and that they should not speak to him above once a day At length he was set at large by the help of Arnold Lord Poer Seneschal of the County of Kilkenny whereupon he gave a great sum of mony to the said Arnold to imprison the Bishop likewise Accordingly he kept the Bishop himself in Prison for three months Among the goods of Alice they found a holy wafer with the Devil's name upon it and a Box with Ointment with which she us'd to daub a certain piece of wood call'd a Cowltre after which she and her accomplices could ride and gallop it wheresoever they pleas'd let the roads be good or bad without either hurt or hindrance These things being so notorious and crying Alice was cited again to appear at Dublin before the Dean of S. Patrick's Church having some hopes of greater favor given her She made her appearance and crav'd a day to answer having given sufficient bail as it was thought However she was not to be found for by the counsel of her son and others unknown she hid her self in a certain village till the wind would serve for England and then she sail'd over but it could never be known where she went William Utlaw being found by the trial and confession of Pernel who was condemn'd to be burnt to have been consenting to his mother in her sorcery and witchcraft the Bishop caus'd him to be arrested by the King 's writ and put in prison yet he was set at liberty again by the intercession of some great Lords upon condition that he should cover S. Mary's Church in Kilkenny with lead and do other acts of charity within a certain day and that if he did not perform them punctually he should be in the same state as he was when first taken by the King 's writ MCCCXXVI At Whitsontide a Parliament was held in Kilkenny where was present Richard Lord Burk Earl of Ulster though somewhat weak and out of order and all the Lords and great men of Ireland who with the people were all nobly feasted by the Earl Afterwards the Earl taking his leave of the Lords and Nobles went to Athisel and there died A little before the feast of John the Baptist he was there interr'd William Lord Burk was his heir MCCCXXVII There happen'd an out-fal between Moris Lord Fitz Thomas and Arnold Lord Pouer. The Lord Moris was seconded by the Lord Botiller and William Lord Bermingham and the Lord Arnold with the Bourkeyns many of whom were â—ain in this fray by the Lord Moris Fitz Thomas and some driven iâ—to Conaught The same year after Michaelmas the Lord Arnold came to assist the Bourkeins and upon the Lord Arnold's calling him Rymour and affronting him with some uncivil terms the Lord Maurice raised an Army and together with Botiller and the said William Bermingham burnt and wasted the lands and territories of the Lord Arnold in Ofath Bermingham burnt also the lands and mannor-houses which belong'd to him in Mounster and burnt Kenlys in Ossory So that the Lord Arnold was forc'd to fly with the Baron of Donnoyl to Waterford where they remain'd a month and then the Earl of Kildare Chief Justice of Ireland and others of the King's Counsel order'd them to parlee However the Lord Arnold would not observe it but came to Dublin and about the feast of the Purification embark'd for England Upon this Moris Botiller and William Lord Bermingham came with a great army and burnt and wasted his lands the King's Counsel began to dread this powerful army and the mischiefs they had done so much that they strengthned their city-guards lest they themselves might be surpriz'd The Lord Moris Lord Botiller and Bermingham hearing of this provision against them sent to the King's Counsel that they would come to Kilkenny and there clear themselves to satisfie them they had no design upon the lands of their Sovereign Lord the King but only intended to be reveng'd of their enemies The Earl of Kildare Chief Justice of Ireland the Prior of Kilmaynon namely Roger Outlaw Chancellour of Ireland Nicholas Fastal Justiciary in Banco and others of the King's Council came accordingly to this Parliament the Lord Moris and Bermingham demanded the King's Charter of peace in the first-place But they of the King's Counsel warily desir'd that they might have till a month after Easter to consider of it Before Lent this year the Irish of Leinster assembled and set up Donald the son of Arte Mac Murgh for their King Whereupon he took a resolution to set up his Banner within two miles of Dublin and march from thence into all parts of Ireland But God seeing his pride and malicious designs suffer'd him to fall into the hands of Henry Lord Traharn who brought him to the Salmon's-leap and had 200 l. of him to save his life from thence he carried him to Dublin to stay in the castle till the King's Council should give farther Orders After this the Irish in Leinster underwent many misfortunes David O Thohil was taken prisoner by John Lord Wellesley and many of them were cut off The same year Adam Duff the son of Walter Duff of Leinster who was related to the O Tothiles was convicted for denying the incarnation of Christ
it The same year on S. Laurence's-eve Thomas Lord Botiller marched with a great army into the Country of Ardnorwith where he fought with the Lord Thomas William Macgoghgan and was there kill'd to the great loss of Ireland and with him John Lord Ledewich Roger and Thomas Ledewich John Nangle Meiler and Simon Petitt David Nangle Sir John Waringer James Terel Nicholas White William Freynes Peter Kent and John White besides 140. whose names we know not The Tuesday before the feast of S. Bartholomew the said Lord Thomas's body was convey'd to Dublin and laid in the house of the predicant Friers unburied till the sunday after the feast of the beheading of S. John Baptist when he was very honourably carried through the City and interr'd in the Church of the predicant Friers which very day his wife gave a great entertainment The same year John Lord Darcy came a second time Justice of Ireland who at Maynoth on the third of July espoused the Lady Joan Burg Countess of Kildare Item Philip Staunton was slain and Henry Lord Traharn was treacherously taken in his own house at Kilbego by Richard son to Philip Onolan James Lord Botiller Earl of Ormond burnt Foghird in revenge to Onolan for his brother Henry's sake The same year the Wednesday after the feast of the Ascension of the blessed Virgin John Lord Darcy Justice of Ireland went towards the Country of New-castle of Mackingham and of Wikelow against the O Brynns and the Monday following some of the Lawles were killed and more wounded and Robert Locam was wounded and of the Irish the better sort were slain many wounded and the rest ran away But Murkad O Brynne with his son uncle and uncle's son yielded themselves hostages and were carried to the Castle of Dublin But were afterwards in exchange of Hostages who were of the best of their Kindred set at liberty The same year John Lord Darcy Chief Justice and the King's Council in Ireland about the feast of our Lord's Circumcision commanded Moris Lord Fitz Thomas of Desmond to march with his Army against his Majesties enemies for to subdue them And that the King would take care to defray the Charge he should be at both for himself and his Army so the Lord Fitz-Thomas accompanied by Briene O-Brene came with an Army of ten thousand Men with which he march'd against the O-nolanes and conquer'd them having got a considerable Booty and wasted their Country by fire the O-nolanes fled but afterwards deliver'd Hostages who were sent to the Castle of Dublin Hence he march'd against the O-Morches who gave Hostages with a promise of living quietly The same time the Castle of Ley which O-Dympcy had taken and kept was surrender'd to him This year after the Epiphany Donald arte Mac-Murgh made his escape out of the Castle of Dublin by a Cord which one Adam Nangle had bought him who for his pains was drawn and hang'd MCCCXXX About the feast of S. Catherine S. Nicholas and the Nativity of our Lord the winds were in several places very high so that on S. Nicholas-eve they blew down part of the wall of a certain House which in the falling kill'd Sir Miles Verdon's wife and daughter there was never yet known such winds in Ireland There was such an overflowing of the River Boyn this year as was never seen before which flung down all the Bridges upon this River both Wood and Stone except Babe-bridge The violence also of the water carried away several Mills and did very much damage to the Friers-minors of Trym and Drogheda by breaking down their Houses The same year about S. John Baptist's-day there was a great dearth of Corn in Ireland which lasted till Michaelmas A cranoc of Wheat was sold for 20 Shillings a cranoc of Oats Pease Beans and Barly for 8 Shillings This dearth was occasion'd by the great Rains so that a great deal of the standing Corn could not be cut before Michaelmas The same year about Lent the English in Meth killed some of the Irish viz. the Mac-goghiganes near Loghynerthy which did so incense Mac-goghigan that he burnt and sack'd in those Parts 15 small Villages which the English seeing gathered together in a Body against him and kill'd 110 of his men among whom were three Irish Kings sons Item The Lord William Burgh Earl of Ulster march'd with his Army out of Ulster against Briene O Brene in Munster Also the Lady Joan Countess of Kildare was at Maynoth brought to Bed of William her first Son which the Lord John Darcy had by her who was then in England Item Reymund Lawles was treacherously kill'd at Wickelow This year Frier Roger Utlaw Prior of Kylmainan then Deputy to the Lord Chief Justice of Ireland held a Parliament at Kilkenny where were present Alexander Archbishop of Dublin William Earl of Ulster James Earl of Ormond William Lord Bermingham Walter Burg of Conaught who all went with a considerable force to drive Briene O-Brene out of Urkyst near Cashill Item Walter Burg with the Forces he rais'd in Conaught plunder'd the Lord Moris Fitz-Thomas's lands and brought away with him the Booty to Urkyff Also the Earl of Ulster and the Earl of Desmond viz. the Lord Moris Fitz-Thomas for I never yet call'd him Earl by Frier Roger Utlaws order then Justice of Ireland were committed to the custody of the Marshal at Limerick But the Earl of Desmond very cunningly made his escape MCCCXXXI The Lord Hugh Lacy having got the King's Pardon came into Ireland And the Earl of Ulster came into England The 19th of April the English beat the Irish in O-Kenseley and the one and twentieth of April the Irish perfidiously took the Castle of Arclo The same day on S. Mark the Evangelist's-eve the O-Totheles came to Tanelagh and forced away from Alexander Archbishop of Dublin 300 Sheep and killed Richard White with many other Gentlemen of his Company There were divers Reports at Dublin about this Plunder and Slaughter and Sir Philip Bryt Frier Moris Fitz-Gerald Knight of the Order of the Hospitalers Hammund Lord Archdekyn John Chamberlaine Robert Tyrell and Reginald Bernewall's two Sons besides many others but especially of the Archbishop of Dublin's Retinue were kill'd by David O-Tothill in an Ambuscade in Culiagh The Lord William Bermingham march'd with a great Army against the foresaid Irish to whom he did much harm and had not the Irish made some false Promises would have done them much more The Third of June the Lord Anthony Lucy came Chief Justice of Ireland This year also the English who inhabit about Thurles in the month of May gave the Irish under the command of Briene O-Brene a great overthrow and upon the 11th of June gave them another at Finnagh in Meth. The 27th of June when there was so great a Famine in Ireland through God's mercy there came a-shoar such a vast number of great Sea-fish called Thurlhedis as had not been seen in many Ages for according to the common estimate there
were above 500 this happened about the evening near Connyng and the water call'd Dodyz in Dublin-haven The Lord Anthony Lucy with his own Servants and some of the Citizens of Dublin among whom was Philip Cradoc kill'd above 200 of them and gave leave to any body to fetch away what they would The Lord Anthony Lucy Chief Justice of Ireland appointed a common Parliament to be held at Dublin on the Octaves of S. John Baptist whither some of the best of the Irish Nobility came not However he remov'd to Kilkenny and prorogued the Parliament to S. Peter's feast Ad vincula hither came the Lord Moris Fitz-Thomas and many more Noblemen who were not there before and submitted to the King's mercy And the King for his part very graciously forgave them whatever they had done against him under a certain form In August the Irish by treachery took the Castle of Firnis which they burnt The Lord Moris Fitz-Thomas of Desmond by an order of Council was taken the day after the Assumption of our blessed Virgin at Limerick by the Chief Justice and by him brought to the Castle of Dublin the 7th of October In September Henry Mandevill by vertue of a Warrant from Simon Fitz-Richard Justice in the King's-bench was taken and brought to the Castle of Dublin In November Walter Burck and his two Brothers were taken in Connaught by the Earl of Ulster and in February were by him brought to the Castle of Northburg In February the Lord William Bermingham and his son Lord Bermingham were taken at Clomel by the said Justice notwithstanding he had before granted them his Majesty's Pardon and the 19th of April were conducted to Dublin-castle The Irish of Leinster plunder'd the English and burnt their Churches and in the Church of Freineston burnt about eighty Men and Women and a certain Chaplain of that Church whom with their Javelins they hinder'd from coming out tho' in his holy Vestments and with the Lord's body in his hand burning him with the rest in the Church The news of it came to the Pope who sert his Bull to the Archbishop of Dublin commanding him to excommunicate those Irish and all their adherents and retinue and to interdict their Lands Now the Archbishop fulfill'd the Pope's commands but the Irish despised the bull excommunication interdiction and the Church's chastisement and continuing in their wickedness did again make a body and invaded the county of Weisford as far as Carcarn and plundred the whole country Richard White and Richard Fitz-Henry with the Burghers of Weisford and other English made head against them and kill'd about 400 of the Irish besides a great many more were in the pursuit drown d in the river Slane MCCCXXXII The eleventh of July William Bermingham by my Lord Chief Justice's order was put to death and hanged at Dublin but his son Walter was set at liberty Sir William was a noble Knight and very much renown'd for his warlike exploits alas what pity it was for who can commemorate his death without tears He was afterwards buried at Dublin among the Predicant Friers The Castle of Bonraty was taken and in July was rased to the ground by the Irish of Totomon Also the Castle of Arclo was taken from the Irish by the Lord Chief Justice and the citizens of Dublin with the help of the English of that Country and was the 8th of August a rebuilding in the King's Hands The Lord Anthony Lucy Chief Justice of Ireland was put out of his place and in November returned into England with his wife and children The Lord John Darcy succeeded him and came into Ireland the 13th of February There was about this time a great slaughter of the Irish in Munster made by the English inhabitants of that Country and Briens O-Brene with Mac-Karthy was beaten Item John Decer a citizen of Dublin died and was buried in the Church of the Minor Friers he was a man who did a great deal of good Also a disease called Mauses reigned very much all over Ireland and infected all sorts of People as well old as young The hostages who were kept in the Castle of Limeric kill'd the Constable and took the Castle but upon the citizens regaining of 〈◊〉 they were put to the sword The Hostages also took the Castle â—f Nenagh but part of it being burnt it was again recover'd â—nd the Hostages restored A of wheat about Christmas â—as sold for 22 shillings and soon after Easter very common for 〈◊〉 pence The Town of New-Castle of Lions was burnt and plunâ—ered by the O-Tothiles MCCCXXXIII John Lord Darcy the new Chief Justice of â—reland arrived at Dublin The Berminghams of Carbery got a great booty of above 2000 Cows from the O-Conghirs The Lord John Darcy ordered the â—ass at Ethrgovil in Offaly to be cut down that he might stop O-Conghir The Lord Moris Fitz-Thomas Earl of Desmond after he had â—een imprison'd a year and an half in Dublin was let out having â—ot some of the best of the Irish Nobility as mainprizes to be bound â—or him under penalty of their lives and estates if the said Lord â—hould attempt any thing against the King or did not appear and â—â—and trial Item William Burk Earl of Ulster on the 6th of June between New-Town and Cragfergus in Ulster was most treacherously kill'd â—y his own company in the twentieth year of his age Robert son â—o Mauriton Maundevile gave him the first blow As soon as his â—ife heard of it who was then in that part of Ulster she prudently â—mbark'd with her son and daughter and went for England The Lord John Darcy to revenge his murder by the advice of the Parliament then assembled shipp'd his Army with which the first of â—uly he arriv'd at Cragfergus The people of that Country were â—o glad at his arrival that they took courage and unanimously reâ—olv'd to revenge the Earl's death and in a pitch'd battle got a â—ictory some of them they took others they put to the sword When this was over the Lord Chief Justice went with his Army â—nto Scotland leaving M. Thomas Burgh then Treasurer to supply â—is place Item Many of the Irish Nobility and the Earl of Ormond with â—heir retinue assembled on the 11th of June at the house of the Carmelite Friers in Dublin during this Parliament as they were going out of the Court-yard of the Friers House Murcardus or Moris Nicholas O-Tothil's son was in the croud suddenly murder'd â—pon which the Nobility supposing there was treason in it were very much affrighted but the Murtherer made his escape without being known so much as by name Item The Lord John Darcy return'd Chief Justice of Ireâ—and Item In February the Lord Walter Bermingham son to the Lord William was let out of Dublin Castle Item The Lord Moris Son of Thomas Earl of Desmond by a â—all off his horse broke his leg Item It happen'd to be so dry a Summer that at the feast of S. Peter ad
whatever we admir'd in you still continues and will continue in the memories of men the revolutions of ages and the annals of time Many as inglorious and ignoble are bury'd in oblivion but Sidney shall live to all posterity For as the Grecian Poet has it Virtue 's beyond the reach of fate From hence the river Medway 30 Branching it self into 5 streamlets is joyn'd with as many stone-bridges and thereof giveth the name of Tunbridge to the town there situate as the town of bridges This about K. William Rufus's time Richard son of Count Gâ—lbert Grandchild to Godfrey Earl of Ewe and Lord of Briony goes on to Tunbridge Tunbridge where is an old Castle built by Richard de Clare who got it by exchange for Briony in Normandy For his grandfather Godfrey natural son to Richard 1. Duke of Normandy was Earl of Ewe and Briony For after a long contest about Briony Richard as we are told by Gulielmus Gemeticensis in recompence for the same castle took the town Tunbrige in England For they affirm that the Lowy of Briony was measur'd about with a line and that he râ—ceiv'd an equal quantity of ground at Tunbrige measur'd by the same line brought over into England 31 Shortly after he built here a fair large Castle fenc'd with the river a deep ditch and strong walis And albeit it is now ruinous and the Keep attir'd with ivy yet it manifestly sheweth what it was But his successors Earls of Glocester 32 And sirnam'd de Clare for that they were Lords of Clare in Suffolk built here a Priory for Canons of S. Austin's Order founded the Parish-Church which was impropriated to the Knights of S. John of Jerusalem and compounded about the Tenure of the Manour for which there had been long suit * The Lowy of Tunbridge Leuca * Clientelari jure held the manour as they call it of Tunbrige of the Archbishops of Canterbury upon condition that they should be stewards at the instalment of the Archbishops and should grant them the Wardship of their children 33 From those Clares Earls of Glocester it came by an heir general to Sir Hugh Audley Earl of Glocester and by his only daughter to the Earls of Stafford who were afterward Dukes of Buckingham and from them by attainder to the Crown It hath in latter ages been beholden to Sir Andrew Jude of London for a fair Free-school and to John Wilford for a Causey toward London Three miles directly south from hence in the very limit of Sussex Whetstenes and near Frant I saw in a white sandy ground divers vasty craggy stones of strange forms whereof two of the greatest stand so close together and yet severed with so streight a line as you would think they had been sawed asunder and Nature when she reared these might seem sportingly to have thought oâ— a Sea n From hence Medway glides forward 34 From Tunbridge Medway passeth by Haudelo from whence came that John Haudelo who happily marrying the heir of the Lord Burnell had issue by her a son who was call'd Nicholas summon'd to Parliament among the Baronâ— by the name of Burnell Then Medway encreased with another water called Twist which twisteth about and insulateth a large plot of good ground runneth on not far from Mereworth c. not far from Mereworth Mereworth where is a house like a little Castle which from the Earls of Arundel came to the Nevils Lords of Abergeuenny and to Le Despenser whose heir in a right line is Mary Fane to whom and her heirs King James in his first Parliament restor'd gave granted c. the name stile title honour and dignity of Baronesse le Despenser and that her heirs successively be Barons le Despenser for ever Barâ—nâ— Despâ—â— Ounâ—â—â— Letteâ—â— tents The Medway 35 Having receiv'd a rivulet that loseth it self under ground and riseth again at Loose serving 13 fuling-mills hastens next to Maidstone which because the Saxons call'd it Medwegston and Meopeageston I am inclin d to believe is the Vagniacae mention'd by Antoninus Vagâ— and nam'd by Ninnius in his Catalogue of Cities Caer Megwad corruptly for Medwag Nor do the distances gainsay it on one hand from Noviomagus and on the other from Durobrovis of which by and by Under the later Emperors as we learn from the Peutegerian Table publishd lately by M. Velserus it is call'd Madus And thus we see in progress of time names are chang'd by little and little Maâ—â—â— This is a neat and populous town 36 For the â—air stone-bridge it hath been beholding to the Archbishops of Canterbury Among whom to grace this place of the conscience or waters Boniface of Savoy built a small College stretch'd out into a great length In the middle it has a Palace of the Archbishops of Canterbury begun by John Ufford Archbishop and finish'd by Simon Islip †and between them which it standeth in plight William Courtney erected a fair collâ—giaâ—â— Church in which he so great a Prelate and so high born lieth lowly entomb'd Here is likewise one of the two common Gaols of this County 37 And it hath been endow'd with sâ—ndry Privileges by K. Edw. 6. incorporated by the name of Mayor and Jurates all which in short time they lost by favouring rebels But Queen Elizabeth amply restor'd them c. and it is beholding for a great many immunities to Queen Elizabeth who made their chief Magistrate a Mayor instead of a Portgreve which they had till that time Portgâ—â—â— a thing I the rather take notice of because this is an ancient Saxon word and to this day among the Germans signifies a Governour as Markgrave Reingrave Landtgrave c. o Here below the Vagniacae the Medway is joyn'd by a small river from the east which rises at Leneham very probably the Durolenum of Antoninus writ falsly in some Copies Durolevum Duâ—â—â— Laâ—â— For Durolenum in British is the water Lenum and beside the remains of the name the distance from Durovernum and Durobrovis confirms this to be the Durolenum not to mention it's situation upon the Consâ—lar way of the Romans which formerly as Higden of Chester affirms went from Dover through the middle of Kent Hard by at Bocton Malherb Bocâ—â— Maâ—â—eâ—â— dwelt long since the noble family of the Wottons of which within our memory flourish'd both Nicholas Wotton Doctor of Laws Privy Counsellor to K. Henry 8. Edward 6. Queen Mary and Queen Elizabeth sent Embassador to foreign Courts nine times and employ'd thrice in a Treaty of Peace between the English French and Scots and so run out the course of a long life with great commendations both of piety and prudence as also 38 Sir Edward Edward Wotton Barâ—â—â—ton his nephew's son by a brother whom for his great experience and knowledge Q. Elizabeth made Lord Controller and K. James created Baron Wotton of Merlay 39 Here
under is Ulcomb anciently a Mansion of the family De Sancto Leodegario commonly called Sentieger and Sellinger and Morinden where Sir R. Rockesley descended from Kriol and Crevecer built a house who held Lands at Seaton by Serjeanty to be Vantraâ—â—s Regis Fin. Mic. 11 E. 2. when the King goeth into Gascoin donec perusus fuerit pari solutarum pretii 4 d. which as they that understand Law-Latin for I do not translate that he should be the King's fore-footman until he had worn our a pair of shooes prized 4 d. Nor hath this river any other thing memorable upon it besides Leeds-castle Leeds-castle Famâ—y the Câ—â—queâ— built by the noble Crevequers call'd in ancient Charters de Crâ—uecuer and de Crepito corde Afterwards it was the unfortunate seat of Bartholomew Baron of Badilsmer who treacherously fortify'd it against King Edward 6. that had given it him but afterwards had the rewards of his treachery upon the gallows Take if you please the whole relation out of a little history of Thomas De-la-More a Nobleman of the same time which I lately publish'd In the year 1321. came Queen Isabel to the castle of Leeds about Michaelmas where she had design'd to lodge all night but was not suffer'd to enter The King highly resenting this as done in contempt of him call'd together some neighbouring inhabitants out of Essex and London and gave orders to besiege the Castle Bartholo mew de Badilsmer was he who own'd it and having left his wife and sons in it was gone with the rest of the Barons to spoil the estate of Hugh De-Spenser The besieg'd in the mean time despairing of succour the Barons with their Associates came as far as Kingston and by the mediation of the Bishops of Canterbury and London and the Earl of Pembroke petition'd the King to raise the Siege promising to surrender the Castle after the next Parliament But the King considering that the besieg'd could not hold out and moreover incens'd with their contumacy would not listen to the petition of the Barons After they had betook themselves to other parts he gain'd the Castle tho' with no small difficulty the rest of them that were in it he hang'd and sent his wife and sons to the Tower of London Thus the Medway after it has receiv'd the little river Len passes through fruitful Corn-fields and by Allington-Castle where Tho. Wiat senior a most learned Knight â—â—ford rebuilt a fair house 40 Now decay'd whose son Sir Thomas enrich'd by an heir of Sir T. Haut proposing to himself great hopes upon fair pretences pitifully overthrew himself and his state to Ailesford in Saxon Eaglesforð call'd by Henry Huntingdon Elstre by Ninnius Epifford who also has told us that 't was call'd Saissenaeg-haibail by the Britains because of the Saxons being conquer'd there as others have in the same sense call'd it Anglesford For Guor-timer the Britain son of Guortigern fell upon Hengist and the English Saxons here and disordering them so at first that they were not able to stand a second charge he put them to flight so that they had been routed for ever had not Hengist by a singular art of preventing dangers betook himself into the Isle of Thanet till that resolute fierceness of the Britains was a little allay'd and fresh forces came out of Germany In this battel the two Generals were slain Catigern the Britain and Horsa the Saxon the latter was buried at Horsted a little way from hence â—d and left his name to the place the former was bury'd in great state â—â—en's as 't is thought near Ailesford where 41 Under the side of a hill but not so artificially with mortis and tenents those four vast stones are pitch'd on end with others lying cross-ways upon them much of the same form with that British monument call'd Stone-henge And this the ignorant common people do still from Catigern name Keith-coty-house 42 In Ailsford it self for the religious house of the Carmelites founded by Richard Lord Grey of Codnor in the time of K. Henry 3. is now seen a fair habitation of Sir William Siddey a learned Knight painfully and expencefully studious of the common good of his country as both his endow'd house for the poor and the bridge here with the common voice do plentifully testifie p Nor must we forget Boxley â—â—y hard by where William de Ipres a Fleming Earl of Kent built a monastery in the year 1145. and supply'd it with monks from Clarevalle in Burgundy 43 Medway having wound himself higher from the east receiveth a brook springing near Wrotham or Wirtham so named for plenty of worts where the Archbishops had a place until Simon Islip pull'd it down leaveth Malling which grew to be a town after Gundulph Bishop of Rochester had there founded an Abbey of Nuns and watereth Leibourn which hath a Castle sometime the seat of a family thereof sirnamed out of which Sir Roger Leibourn was a great Agent in the Barons wars and William was a Parliamentary Baron in the time of K. Edw. 1. and not far from the opposite bank â—g just over against this is Birling 44 Now the habitation of the Lord Abergeveny formerly the Barony of the Maminots then of the Saies whose estate at last came by females to the families of Clinton Fienes and Aulton On the east-side of the Medway after it has pass'd by Halling â—â—g where Hamo de Heath Bishop of Rochester built a seat for his successors a little higher up is an ancient city call'd by Antoninus Duro-brus Duro-brivae and in some other places more truly Duro-provae â—â—revâ—s â—anciâ—ble â—sh'd â—elfer 〈◊〉 â—r 〈…〉 â—ester or Durobrovae Bede has it Duro-brevis and in the decline of the Roman Empire time did so contract this name that it was call'd Roibis whence with the addition of Ceaster which being deriv'd from the Latin castrum was us'd by our Forefathers to signifie a city town or castle they call'd it Hroueceaster and we more contractly Rochester as the Latins Roffa from one Rhoffus as Bede imagines tho' to me there seems to be some remains of that in the old Duro brovis And as to the name there is no reason to doubt of that since beside the course of the Itinerary and Bede's authority in an old Foundation-Charter of the Cathedral Church it is expresly call'd Durobrovis Only this I would have observ'd that the printed Copies of Bede read Daruervum where the Manuscripts have Durobrovis It is plac'd in a valley on some sides encompass'd 45 With a marsh river with walls but not very strong and as Malmesbury says is pent within too narrow a compass so that 't was formerly look'd upon as a Castle rather than a City for Bede calls it Castellum Cantuariorum i.e. the castle of the Kentish men But now it runs out with large suburbs towards west east and south It has had a great many