put_v their_o judgement_n in_o execution_n the_o subjusticier_n be_v officer_n establish_v under_o the_o justicier_n to_o do_v execution_n such_o be_v viscount_n sergeant_n of_o the_o sword_n bum-bayliff_n bum-bayliff_n bedell_n or_o under-serjeant_n etc._n etc._n sword_n c._n 5._o with_o the_o comment_n a_o viscount_n in_o normandy_n be_v a_o under_o officer_n of_o the_o law_n a_o pedanen_n judge_v and_o be_v the_o very_a same_o with_o a_o provost_n or_o a_o viginer_n or_o vicar_n who_o hear_v small_a and_o ordinary_a case_n pasqu_n recherch_n fol._n 860._o d._n sergeant_n of_o the_o sword_n the_o office_n of_o the_o viscount_n be_v to_o hold_v plea_n of_o ancient_a path_n way_n bound_n watercourse_n etc._n etc._n and_o to_o walk_v the_o parish_n with_o twelve_o man_n of_o the_o same_o and_o by_o their_o oath_n or_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o to_o inquire_v who_o land_n lie_v next_o the_o way_n etc._n etc._n and_o cause_v they_o to_o be_v amend_v by_o those_o which_o hold_v the_o land_n according_o he_o be_v to_o inquire_v by_o the_o oath_n of_o twelve_o lawful_a man_n of_o malefactor_n as_o murderer_n thief_n traitor_n ravisher_n and_o other_o criminal_n to_o keep_v they_o in_o prison_n till_o they_o be_v deliver_v by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o country_n these_o have_v also_o under_o they_o sergeant_n of_o the_o sword_n who_o hold_v the_o view_n and_o make_v the_o summons_n to_o they_o and_o execute_v the_o precept_n of_o the_o assize_n and_o what_o be_v judge_v there_o and_o to_o keep_v and_o deliver_v according_a to_o law_n distress_n take_v the_o bedell_n be_v the_o less_o sergeant_n which_o ought_v to_o take_v the_o distress_n and_o to_o do_v office_n less_o honourable_a and_o to_o make_v the_o lesser_a summons_n and_o these_o be_v in_o every_o good_a town_n default_n c._n 6._o default_n trespassment_n des_fw-fr termes_n sont_fw-fr appellez_n defaulte_n that_o be_v such_o as_o come_v not_o at_o the_o time_n appoint_v nor_o appear_v in_o court_n according_a to_o summons_n or_o when_o they_o ought_v or_o perform_v not_o what_o they_o be_v then_o to_o perform_v be_v in_o default_n fealty_n fealty_n no_o man_n in_o normandy_n can_v receive_v fealty_n from_o another_o without_o save_v his_o fealty_n to_o the_o duke_n which_o be_v to_o be_v express_v in_o do_v homage_n and_o therefore_o the_o duke_n have_v the_o whole_a justicement_n of_o the_o body_n of_o a_o man_n for_o or_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o fealty_n that_o all_o man_n owe_v he_o if_o a_o lord_n do_v wrong_v to_o his_o man_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o fee_n the_o court_n than_o appertain_v to_o the_o duke_n if_o there_o be_v no_o mesne_n or_o middle-lord_n between_o the_o duke_n and_o he_o which_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o fee_n may_v have_v the_o court._n about_o distress_n take_v good_n and_o impounding_a cattle_n much_o use_v 7._o c._n 7._o as_o in_o use_n with_o we_o of_o the_o time_n when_o many_o land_n be_v to_o be_v several_a or_o commune_v 8._o c._n 8._o the_o usage_n much_o the_o same_o as_o in_o england_n judge_n be_v sage_a person_n and_o authentic_a etc._n c._n 9_o so_o it_o be_v in_o england_n who_o ancient_o judge_n in_o normandy_n bishop_n abbat_n prior_n canon_n etc._n etc._n which_o give_v judgement_n in_o court_n as_o archbishop_n bishop_n canon_n of_o cathedral_n church_n and_o other_o dignify_a person_n in_o church_n abbat_n prior_n conventual_a and_o governor_n of_o church_n famous_a for_o their_o discretion_n and_o honesty_n bailiff_n knight_n sergeant_n principal_a and_o seneschal_n of_o baron_n famous_a for_o knowledge_n and_o honesty_n every_o of_o these_o may_v remain_v in_o judgement_n if_o the_o cause_n be_v not_o their_o own_o or_o they_o be_v no_o way_n party_n nor_o have_v give_v judgement_n nor_o be_v witness_n in_o it_o nor_o be_v suspect_v for_o love_n favor_n or_o hatred_n baron_n ought_v to_o be_v judge_v by_o their_o peer_n and_o other_o by_o all_o such_o as_o can_v be_v remove_v from_o judgement_n i._n e._n such_o as_o be_v not_o suspect_v as_o before_o ancient_o there_o be_v in_o normandy_n a_o great_a justice_n than_o all_o the_o beforementioned_a which_o be_v call_v the_o seneschal_n of_o the_o prince_n year_n c._n 10._o seneschal_n of_o normandy_n he_o be_v like_o the_o missi_fw-la regales_fw-la or_o dominici_n in_o the_o old_a empire_n or_o itinerant_a justice_n ancient_o that_o go_v their_o circuit_n once_o in_o two_o three_o four_o five_o or_o six_o year_n he_o correct_v all_o inferior_a justicier_n as_o bailiff_n etc._n etc._n and_o remove_v they_o from_o their_o office_n if_o he_o see_v it_o convenient_a he_o preserve_v the_o land_n of_o the_o prince_n and_o make_v to_o be_v preserve_v the_o law_n and_o right_n of_o normandy_n to_o which_o purpose_n he_o travel_v every_o three_o year_n through_o normandy_n and_o visit_v all_o the_o particular_a baylywick_n and_o inquire_v of_o the_o injury_n and_o excess_n do_v by_o the_o subjusticiers_a and_o also_o hold_v plea_n of_o the_o sword_n etc._n etc._n and_o in_o all_o thing_n that_o belong_v to_o his_o office_n he_o may_v cause_v they_o to_o be_v amend_v without_o plea_n or_o assize_n and_o in_o all_o place_n where_o he_o find_v any_o thing_n amiss_o he_o may_v do_v as_o he_o think_v expedient_a custom_n law_n and_o usage_n usage_n c._n 11._o custom_n law_n and_o usage_n understand_v and_o practise_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o in_o england_n all_o such_o as_o be_v resident_n in_o the_o duchy_n of_o normandy_n duke_n c._n 14._o all_o the_o resident_n in_o normandy_n swear_v fealty_n to_o the_o duke_n aught_o to_o swear_v fealty_n to_o the_o duke_n and_o keep_v it_o and_o therefore_o in_o all_o thing_n they_o ought_v to_o be_v loyal_a towards_o he_o and_o be_v not_o to_o procure_v his_o damage_n nor_o to_o give_v council_n or_o aid_n to_o his_o manifest_a enemy_n such_o as_o be_v find_v culpable_a of_o any_o of_o these_o thing_n be_v call_v traitor_n to_o their_o prince_n and_o all_o their_o possession_n remain_v to_o he_o always_o the_o woman_n in_o normandy_n without_o consent_n of_o their_o husband_n 15._o c_o 15._o can_v make_v no_o contract_n or_o bargain_n wrec_n belong_v to_o the_o duke_n of_o great_a and_o rich_a thing_n there_o name_v wrec_n c._n 1â—_n wrec_n and_o of_o ordinary_a thing_n to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o fee_n all_o the_o controversy_n arise_v from_o it_o be_v to_o be_v determine_v in_o the_o duke_n court._n treasure_n trove_v i._n e._n find_v or_o dig_v any_o where_o trove_v c._n 18._o treasure_n trove_v belong_v to_o the_o duke_n waif_n belong_v to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o fee_n or_o sometime_o to_o the_o duke_n etc._n c._n 19_o waif_n etc._n etc._n according_a to_o custom_n 16._o c._n 20._o and_o glanv_n lib._n 7._o c._n 16._o the_o chattel_n of_o usurer_n that_o die_v belong_v to_o the_o duke_n so_o to_o our_o ancient_a king_n duke_n c._n 21._o felonâ—_n good_n be_v the_o duke_n the_o chattel_n of_o such_o as_o kill_v themselves_o excommunicate_a and_o desperate_a person_n such_o to_o who_o confession_n and_o the_o sacrament_n be_v deny_v be_v the_o duke_n duke_n c_o 22._o movable_n and_o chattel_n forfeit_v to_o the_o duke_n all_o movable_n forfeit_v belong_v to_o the_o duke_n movable_n be_v the_o chattel_n of_o such_o as_o be_v condemn_v by_o judgement_n that_o be_v hang_v burn_v their_o eye_n pull_v out_o or_o their_o hand_n or_o foot_n cut_v off_o or_o banish_v etc._n etc._n what_o c._n 24._o assize_n what_o assize_n be_v a_o assembly_n of_o knight_n and_o sage_a man_n with_o the_o bailiff_n in_o a_o certain_a place_n and_o at_o a_o certain_a time_n which_o contain_v the_o space_n of_o forty_o day_n between_o one_o assize_n and_o another_o by_o which_o judgement_n and_o justice_n be_v do_v of_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v hear_v in_o court_n in_o these_o assize_n the_o juries_n sometime_o be_v bring_v to_o a_o non-scavoir_a non-scire_a ignoramus_n ibidem_fw-la jury_n bring_v in_o ignoramus_n or_o ignoramus_n and_o when_o nothing_o of_o certainty_n or_o credit_n be_v depose_v the_o inquest_n be_v first_o examine_v the_o return_n or_o verdict_n be_v l'enquest_n scet_fw-la rien_fw-fr england_n ibidem_fw-la land_n etc._n etc._n forfeit_v as_o in_o england_n the_o land_n and_o estate_n and_o profit_n of_o condemn_a person_n for_o felony_n be_v the_o duke_n for_o a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n afterward_o they_o be_v the_o lord_n of_o the_o fee_n of_o who_o he_o hold_v immediate_o so_o in_o england_n etc._n c._n 25._o the_o elder_a son_n succeed_v the_o whole_a etc._n etc._n in_o fuedal_n succession_n the_o elder_a son_n succeed_v in_o the_o whole_a and_o so_o it_o descend_v to_o the_o next_o of_o the_o blood_n and_o never_o ascend_v when_o there_o be_v any_o of_o the_o descend_a line_n remain_v in_o the_o latin_a version_n of_o the_o customer_n of_o normandy_n
witness_v roger_n bishop_n of_o salisbury_n william_n de_fw-fr curcey_n and_o adam_n the_o port_n at_o winchester_n in_o these_o time_n and_o for_o a_o century_n or_o two_o of_o year_n afterward_o the_o trial_n for_o land_n and_o good_n in_o the_o etc._n the_o see_v the_o old_a register_n leiger_n coucher_n and_o history_n of_o the_o great_a monastery_n ely_n bury_n ramsey_n abendon_n etc._n etc._n county_n etc._n county_n see_v the_o old_a register_n leiger_n coucher_n and_o history_n of_o the_o great_a monastery_n ely_n bury_n ramsey_n abendon_n etc._n etc._n hundred_o and_o lord_n court_n be_v very_o considerable_a and_o for_o good_a quantity_n of_o land_n and_o the_o suitor_n to_o the_o hundred_o and_o county_z court_n be_v as_o considerable_a all_o man_n especial_o of_o the_o laity_n of_o what_o quality_n soever_o within_o the_o hundred_o ought_v their_o attendance_n there_o as_o appear_v by_o this_o writ_n henricus_fw-la 50._o henricus_fw-la monast_n angl_n vol._n 3._o f._n 262._o col._n 2._o n._n 50._o rex_fw-la angliae_fw-la omnibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la &_o vavasoribus_fw-la &_o omnibus_fw-la dominis_n qui_fw-la terras_fw-la tenent_n in_o well-wapentach_a salutem_fw-la praecipio_fw-la quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la veniatis_fw-la ad_fw-la placitum_fw-la &_o wapentachium_n episcopi_fw-la lincoln_n quod_fw-la de_fw-mi i_o tenet_fw-la per_fw-la summonitionem_fw-la ministrorum_fw-la suorum_fw-la et_fw-la facietis_fw-la ei_fw-la omnes_fw-la rectitudines_fw-la &_o consuetudines_fw-la in_o omnibus_fw-la rebus_fw-la quas_fw-la ei_fw-la debetis_fw-la de_fw-la terris_fw-la vestris_fw-la ad_fw-la illud_fw-la wapentachiumâ—_n ita_fw-la bene_fw-la &_o plenary_a sicut_fw-la unquam_fw-la plenius_fw-la fecistis_fw-la roberto_n episcopo_fw-la vel_fw-la alicui_fw-la antecessori_fw-la svo_fw-la &_o quas_fw-la just_a facere_fw-la debetis_fw-la &_o nisi_fw-la feceritis_fw-la ipse_fw-la vos_fw-la justiciet_fw-la per_fw-la pecuniam_fw-la vestram_fw-la donec_fw-la faciatis_fw-la ne_fw-la perdam_fw-la pecuniam_fw-la meam_fw-la quam_fw-la episcopus_fw-la mihi_fw-la inde_fw-la reddere_fw-la debet_fw-la testae_fw-la episcopo_fw-la sarum_n &_o g._n canc._n apud_fw-la fereham_n henry_n king_n of_o england_n to_o all_o baron_n vavasor_n or_o knight_n and_o lord_n of_o manner_n which_o hold_v land_n in_o well-wapentach_a greeting_n i_o command_v that_o you_o all_o come_v to_o the_o hundred_o the_o the_o same_o with_o a_o hundred_o wapentach-court_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o lincoln_n which_o he_o hold_v of_o i_o at_o the_o summons_n of_o his_o bailiff_n and_o perform_v to_o he_o all_o service_n and_o custom_n in_o all_o thing_n which_o be_v due_a to_o he_o from_o your_o land_n at_o that_o court_n so_o well_o and_o full_o as_o ever_o you_o perform_v they_o to_o 1._o to_o robert_n bloet_n who_o die_v jan._n 10._o a._n d._n 1122_o alexander_n succeed_v he_o and_o be_v consecrate_v a._n d._n 1123._o jul._n 22.23_o hen._n 1._o robert_n the_o bishop_n or_o any_o antecessor_n of_o he_o and_o which_o you_o ought_v just_o to_o do_v and_o unless_o you_o perform_v they_o he_o shall_v distrein_o your_o good_n until_o you_o do_v it_o lest_o i_o lose_v my_o rent_n which_o the_o bishop_n be_v to_o pay_v i_o for_o the_o wapentach_n witness_v the_o bishop_n of_o salisbury_n and_o g._n the_o chancellor_n at_o fereham_n in_o the_o 34._o the_o append._n n._n 34._o eighteen_o year_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o he_o by_o advice_n of_o the_o major_a part_n of_o the_o bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n expound_v the_o 35th_o chapter_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la where_o there_o have_v be_v care_n take_v about_o the_o keep_n of_o the_o county_n court_n turn_v and_o leet_n but_o not_o about_o hundred_o or_o wapentach_v court_n and_o lord_n court_n in_o which_o chapter_n there_o be_v a_o clause_n that_o all_o be_v to_o have_v their_o liberty_n they_o have_v or_o use_v in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n his_o grandfather_n and_o it_o have_v be_v prove_v before_o they_o that_o hundred_o and_o wapentach_n and_o lord_n court_n be_v then_o hold_v every_o fortnight_n which_o be_v think_v too_o often_o and_o too_o great_a a_o trouble_n to_o the_o suitor_n yet_o see_v the_o two_o turn_v be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o preserve_v the_o peace_n of_o the_o nation_n nor_o to_o correct_v the_o injury_n do_v to_o rich_a and_o poor_a which_o be_v part_n of_o the_o business_n of_o the_o hundred_o court_n it_o be_v provide_v that_o between_o the_o two_o turn_v hundred_o and_o wapentach_n and_o the_o court_n of_o great_a man_n shall_v be_v hold_v from_o three_o week_n to_o three_o week_n where_o before_o they_o have_v be_v hold_v once_o in_o a_o fortnight_n so_o as_o there_o shall_v not_o be_v make_v a_o general_n summon_v to_o those_o hundred_o wapentach_n and_o great_a man_n court_n as_o there_o be_v to_o the_o turn_v but_o there_o shall_v only_o come_v to_o they_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o defendant_n and_o those_o which_o court_n which_o by_o their_o tenor_n and_o hold_v land_n by_o do_v suâ—t_z and_o service_n at_o those_o court_n ought_v suit_v to_o they_o that_o trial_n may_v be_v dispatch_v and_o judgement_n make_v which_o be_v do_v by_o the_o suitor_n unless_o in_o those_o hundred_o there_o ought_v to_o be_v inquisition_n make_v of_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n as_o of_o the_o death_n of_o a_o man_n treasure_n find_v and_o the_o like_a for_o the_o inquiry_n to_o be_v make_v after_o they_o they_o shall_v come_v with_o the_o suitor_n all_o of_o four_o of_o the_o next_o town_n that_o be_v necessary_a to_o make_v such_o inquisition_n notwithstanding_o this_o provision_n the_o attendance_n upon_o these_o court_n be_v think_v a_o great_a burden_n and_o trouble_n and_o therefore_o two_o year_n afterward_o 10._o afterward_o stat._n of_o merton_n c._n 10._o it_o be_v provide_v and_o grant_v that_o every_o freeman_n that_o ought_v suit_v to_o the_o county_n trihing_n hundred_o and_o wapentach_n or_o to_o the_o court_n of_o his_o lord_n mighty_a free_o make_v his_o attorney_n to_o do_v those_o suit_n for_o he_o so_o that_o this_o way_n the_o great_a man_n make_v a_o law_n to_o excuse_v their_o land_n and_o self_n from_o this_o service_n and_o give_v some_o small_a parcel_n of_o land_n to_o some_o ordinary_a inconsiderable_a man_n to_o do_v this_o drudgery_n for_o they_o land_n then_o be_v the_o price_n of_o all_o thing_n the_o very_a household_n servant_n have_v land_n allow_v they_o for_o their_o annual_a wage_n nor_o be_v that_o which_o be_v now_o account_v a_o wonderful_a privilege_n than_o think_v any_o other_o than_o a_o vexation_n and_o trouble_n see_v many_o knight_n and_o considerable_a man_n purchase_v of_o the_o king_n charter_n of_o exemption_n from_o be_v empanel_v in_o assize_n jury_n and_o inquest_n and_o these_o exemption_n be_v so_o frequent_a and_o so_o many_o 14._o many_o stat._n of_o marlebridge_n c._n 14._o that_o they_o hinder_v the_o course_n of_o justice_n and_o therefore_o there_o be_v a_o law_n make_v to_o force_v they_o in_o several_a case_n to_o serve_v upon_o jury_n and_o inquest_n and_o at_o length_n when_o the_o small_a baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o military_a man_n begin_v to_o grow_v poor_a and_o beggarly_a and_o have_v by_o law_n 32._o law_n magn._fw-la chart._n c._n 32._o leave_v to_o alienate_v what_o part_n of_o their_o estate_n they_o will_v leave_v sufficient_a to_o perform_v the_o service_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o fee_n they_o begin_v to_o think_v of_o b._n of_o history_n f._n 6â—7_n a._n b._n representative_n to_o save_v charge_n in_o go_v to_o and_o attendance_n at_o parlement_n and_o by_o several_a etc._n several_a see_v glossary_a to_o my_o introduction_n etc._n etc._n â—_o 62._o c._n etc._n etc._n undue_a practice_n and_o law_n to_o force_v the_o trouble_n and_o vexation_n as_o it_o be_v then_o esteem_v of_o serve_v and_o wait_v at_o assize_n session_n and_o county_n court_v upon_o man_n of_o mean_a estate_n and_o mean_a understanding_n part_n and_o ability_n these_o trial_n for_o land_n before_o the_o county_n and_o hundred_o be_v often_o to_o be_v see_v in_o domesday_n book_n and_o in_o the_o old_a register_n leiger_n or_o coucher_n of_o great_a monastery_n as_o of_o ely_n ramsey_n bury_n abendon_n glastonbury_n etc._n etc._n with_o the_o manner_n how_o they_o be_v recover_v the_o testimony_n of_o the_o county_n or_o hundred_o and_o by_o such_o juror_n as_o most_o frequent_o know_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n the_o great_a matter_n of_o inquiry_n then_o be_v who_o have_v be_v possess_v and_o who_o be_v possess_v of_o the_o land_n or_o thing_n in_o contention_n for_o by_o that_o they_o most_o frequent_o judge_v of_o right_o for_o no_o estate_n then_o pass_v by_o private_a bargain_n only_o but_o there_o be_v some_o public_a circumstance_n and_o ceremony_n perform_v which_o make_v the_o pass_v of_o estate_n from_o one_o to_o another_o very_o notorious_a and_o especial_o those_o of_o investiture_n or_o as_o it_o be_v call_v when_o much_o in_o use_n livery_n or_o seisin_n or_o when_o the_o chart_n and_o deed_n of_o
break_v the_o rank_n of_o the_o britain_n which_o have_v neither_o helmet_n nor_o armour_n to_o defend_v themselves_o and_o be_v hedge_v in_o between_o the_o legionary_a soldier_n and_o they_o and_o the_o legion_n be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o roman_n the_o auxiliary_n be_v such_o force_n as_o the_o neighbour_n and_o confederate_a country_n send_v unto_o they_o auxiliary_n be_v most_o of_o they_o slay_v cartismendua_n caractacus_n his_o wife_n and_o daughter_n take_v etc._n etc._n he_o be_v betray_v by_o cartismendua_n this_o be_v a_o famous_a victory_n wherein_o caractacus_n his_o wife_n and_o daughter_n be_v take_v his_o brother_n yield_v themselves_o but_o he_o escape_v to_o cartismandua_n queen_n of_o the_o brigantes_n against_o her_o faith_n and_o obligation_n to_o he_o be_v deliver_v bind_v to_o the_o roman_n have_v maintain_v war_n with_o they_o 9_o year_n as_o tacitus_n but_o as_o dio_n more_o clear_o relate_v it_o only_o seven_o his_o fame_n be_v spread_v through_o the_o isle_n and_o province_n adjoin_v and_o his_o name_n celebrate_v in_o italy_n many_o desire_v to_o see_v who_o he_o be_v that_o have_v withstand_v and_o contemn_v the_o roman_a power_n so_o many_o year_n they_o speak_v not_o ignoble_o of_o he_o at_o rome_n and_o caesar_n by_o extol_v his_o own_o victory_n add_v glory_n to_o he_o he_o have_v conquer_a be_v bring_v thither_o the_o people_n be_v convent_v as_o to_o some_o famous_a spectacle_n the_o emperor_n guard_n be_v orderly_o place_v in_o arm_n then_o come_v first_o the_o king_n servant_n with_o the_o trophy_n win_v in_o other_o war_n next_o his_o brother_n wife_n and_o daughter_n last_o of_o all_o himself_o the_o carriage_n of_o other_o be_v low_a and_o pitiful_a he_o only_o behave_v himself_o like_o a_o brave_a prince_n and_o bold_a britain_n both_o in_o word_n and_o gesture_n that_o by_o his_o speech_n and_o constancy_n of_o mind_n he_o so_o prevail_v upon_o caesar_n as_o to_z pardon_n and_o release_v he_o his_o wife_n daughter_n and_o brethren_n they_o all_o unbound_v applaud_v and_o thank_v he_o as_o also_o his_o wife_n agrippina_n who_o sit_v by_o in_o a_o chair_n of_o state_n a_o new_a and_o unaccustomable_a thing_n for_o a_o woman_n to_o preside_v among_o the_o roman_a cohort_n and_o ensign_n to_o ostorius_n a_o triumph_n be_v decree_v the_o senate_n esteem_v this_o act_n of_o his_o equal_a with_o they_o that_o have_v show_v in_o bond_n to_o the_o roman_a people_n the_o great_a and_o most_o renown_a king_n after_o this_o his_o success_n prove_v ambiguous_a or_o begin_v to_o decline_v whether_o because_o that_o caractacus_n the_o object_n of_o his_o valour_n be_v remove_v he_o suppose_v he_o have_v make_v a_o complete_a conquest_n and_o therefore_o prosecute_v the_o war_n the_o more_o careless_o or_o else_o that_o the_o residue_n of_o the_o britain_n commiserate_v the_o misfortune_n of_o so_o great_a a_o prince_n do_v meditate_v revenge_n and_o fall_v upon_o the_o legionary_a cohort_n leave_v behind_o to_o establish_v garrison_n among_o the_o silures_n arm_n the_o silures_n arm_n kill_v the_o perfect_a and_o eight_o centurion_n beside_o many_o of_o the_o stout_a soldier_n and_o have_v not_o speedy_a relief_n come_v from_o the_o adjoin_a fort_n and_o castle_n they_o have_v put_v all_o the_o rest_n to_o the_o sword_n nor_o be_v it_o long_o after_o that_o they_o beat_v and_o rout_v the_o roman_a forager_n and_o the_o troop_n send_v to_o their_o assistance_n ostorius_n send_v fresh_a recruit_n can_v not_o stay_v their_o flight_n until_o the_o legion_n come_v in_o by_o who_o power_n the_o battle_n be_v make_v equal_a and_o afterward_o incline_v to_o the_o roman_n the_o britain_n escape_v with_o little_a loss_n because_o the_o day_n be_v spend_v the_o chief_a motive_n that_o induce_v the_o silures_n to_o arm_n be_v a_o report_n etc._n tiberius_n claudius_n etc._n etc._n nero_n claudius_n caesar_n anno_fw-la dom._n 56_o etc._n etc._n that_o the_o emperor_n shall_v say_v he_o will_v root_v out_o the_o very_a name_n of_o they_o they_o therefore_o intercept_v two_o auxiliary_a cohort_n by_o the_o avarice_n of_o their_o commander_n secure_o plunder_v and_o liberal_o distribute_v the_o spoil_n and_o captive_n among_o they_o draw_v other_o to_o revolt_n trouble_v at_o these_o thing_n ostorius_n die_v the_o britain_n rejoice_v die_v and_o why._n ostorius_n die_v although_o no_o battle_n have_v take_v he_o off_o yet_o a_o cross_a war_n have_v wear_v out_o so_o great_a a_o soldier_n caesar_n be_v advertise_v of_o his_o death_n lieutenant_n aulus_n didius_n make_v lieutenant_n send_v aulus_n didius_n in_o his_o place_n who_o notwithstanding_o the_o have_v he_o make_v find_v thing_n in_o great_a disorder_n manlius_n valens_n have_v with_o his_o legion_n encounter_v the_o britain_n with_o ill_a success_n the_o silures_n make_v inroad_n into_o the_o subdue_a country_n until_o they_o be_v repel_v by_o didius_n after_o caractacus_n be_v take_v venusius_n next_o to_o he_o in_o military_a knowledge_n a_o prince_n faithful_a to_o the_o roman_n and_o protect_v by_o they_o so_o long_o as_o his_o queen_n cartismandua_n continue_v loyal_a to_o he_o she_o be_v queen_n of_o the_o brigantes_n and_o much_o in_o the_o roman_n favour_n for_o betray_v and_o deliver_v up_o caractacus_n reject_v her_o husband_n 45.380_o tacit._n hist_o lib._n 3._o cap._n 45.380_o marry_v vellocatus_n his_o esquire_n and_o make_v he_o king_n the_o war_n at_o first_o seem_v private_a among_o themselves_o until_o she_o have_v by_o craft_n take_v venusius_n his_o brother_n and_o some_o other_o of_o his_o relation_n who_o by_o the_o help_n of_o his_o neighbour_n and_o the_o defection_n of_o the_o brigantes_n abhor_v so_o base_a a_o act_n soon_o reduce_v she_o to_o great_a extremity_n she_o 198._o tacit._n lib._n 12._o anno_fw-la 198._o beg_v aid_n of_o the_o roman_n who_o after_o a_o sharp_a and_o doubtful_a conflict_n in_o the_o end_n obtain_v the_o victory_n rescue_v the_o queen_n from_o danger_n take_v the_o kingdom_n from_o the_o king_n and_o bring_v a_o war_n upon_o themselves_o the_o like_a success_n caesius_n nasica_n have_v with_o his_o legion_n superannuated_a didius_n superannuated_a for_o didius_n himself_o grow_v old_a and_o fit_a to_o direct_v then_o execute_v use_v the_o ministry_n of_o other_o man_n design_v to_o keep_v what_o his_o predecessor_n have_v get_v build_v only_o some_o castle_n and_o place_n of_o strength_n within_o the_o land_n this_o be_v the_o state_n of_o affair_n in_o britain_n when_o claudius_n die_v leave_v nero_n claudius_n caesar_n his_o adopt_a son_n to_o succeed_v he_o it_o be_v probable_a the_o christian_a religion_n be_v bring_v from_o rome_n into_o britain_n in_o claudius_n his_o time_n either_o by_o such_o as_o return_v with_o the_o roman_n that_o be_v banish_v with_o adminius_n by_o his_o father_n or_o by_o such_o as_o may_v return_v again_o after_o his_o first_o or_o second_o triumph_n whether_o slave_n or_o hostage_n for_o no_o doubt_n but_o he_o have_v of_o both_o these_o sort_n of_o people_n captive_n from_o such_o as_o he_o conquer_a and_o hostage_n from_o such_o as_o yield_v both_o which_o serve_v to_o adorn_v they_o and_o be_v expose_v to_o public_a view_n for_o the_o great_a celebrity_n of_o these_o triumph_n so_o that_o whereas_o gildas_n say_v the_o entrance_n of_o christianity_n be_v summo_fw-la tiberii_n caesaris_fw-la it_o must_v be_v understand_v of_o this_o tiberius_n claudius_n caesar_n 17.526_o christianity_n first_o in_o britain_n suet._n claud._n c._n 17.526_o for_o from_o the_o time_n that_o julius_n caesar_n leave_v this_o island_n it_o be_v attempt_v by_o none_o until_o claudius_n neither_o be_v gildas_n his_o relation_n certain_a but_o conjectural_a only_o and_o be_v to_o be_v expound_v according_a to_o the_o sense_n of_o eusebius_n from_o who_o he_o have_v it_o as_o appear_v by_o his_o mention_n of_o the_o edict_n of_o tiberius_n which_o i_o find_v not_o where_o else_o unless_o relate_v from_o he_o and_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o the_o first_o and_o general_a propagation_n of_o religion_n through_o the_o world_n which_o eusebius_n there_o recount_v 3._o euseb_n eccles_n hist_o bas_n ed._n lib._n 2._o c._n 2_o 3._o and_o by_o conjecture_n only_o or_o as_o it_o seem_v to_o he_o probable_a consequence_n in_o britain_n also_o but_o by_o who_o the_o gospel_n be_v bring_v hither_o be_v uncertain_a and_o whether_o by_o jacobus_n zebedaeus_n simon_n zelotes_n 1._o antiq._n brit._n c._n 1._o simon_n peter_n st._n paul_n or_o any_o of_o they_o it_o be_v not_o sufficient_o make_v appear_v by_o archbishop_n parker_n etc._n nero_n claudius_n caesar_n anno_fw-la dom._n 58_o 60_o etc._n etc._n bishop_n godwin_n archbishop_n of_o armagh_n sir_n henry_n spelman_n or_o any_o of_o the_o anglican_n church_n nor_o prove_v by_o cardinal_n baronius_n father_n parson_n father_n alford_n or_o any_o of_o the_o romish_a persuasion_n 14.457_o de_fw-fr pras_n l._n ang._n c._n 1._o
be_v let_v out_o to_o countryman_n or_o villager_n aegder_v of_o thegnes_fw-la inland_n ge_fw-mi of_o neatland_n either_o of_o the_o lord_n or_o thanes_z inland_n or_o demesne_n or_o the_o countryman_n villager_n or_o villain_n land_n gafolland_n neatland_n and_o vtland_n as_o mr._n verbo_fw-la mr._n gavelk_n p._n 14.115_o spelm._n gloss_n in_o verbo_fw-la somner_n true_o inform_v we_o be_v oppose_v to_o inland_n or_o demean_v land_n and_o be_v land_n grant_v out_o for_o rent_n or_o service_n or_o both_o and_o reducible_a to_o folkland_n and_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a they_o be_v the_o same_o or_o of_o the_o same_o nature_n for_o that_o in_o the_o law_n where_o they_o be_v mention_v it_o appear_v they_o be_v always_o occupy_v by_o ceorl_n churl_n countryman_n people_n the_o name_n of_o ordinary_a people_n colon_n or_o clown_n by_o gebures_n boor_n rustic_n plough_n or_o husbandman_n or_o by_o neat_n and_o geneate_n drudge_n villain_n or_o villager_n these_o three_o saxon_a word_n be_v almost_o of_o the_o same_o signification_n though_o very_o different_a in_o sound_n be_v always_o apply_v to_o the_o ordinary_a sort_n of_o people_n call_v by_o we_o folk_n at_o this_o day_n military-service_n day_n gavelk_n ut_fw-la supra_fw-la saxon_a land_n hold_v by_o military-service_n inland_a he_o think_v to_o be_v the_o same_o with_o bockland_n or_o at_o least_o of_o the_o same_o condition_n or_o reducible_a to_o it_o yet_o beside_o these_o land_n there_o be_v other_o land_n also_o which_o be_v hold_v by_o military_a or_o knights-service_n call_v then_o feoda_n or_o beneficia_fw-la fee_n or_o benefice_n such_o be_v the_o feudal-land_n of_o ealdorman_n thanes_z and_o less_o thanes_z or_o as_o they_o be_v afterward_o call_v valvasors_n which_o they_o have_v of_o the_o king_n gift_n for_o personal_a attendance_n military_a service_n or_o as_o governor_n of_o province_n county_n or_o town_n for_o which_o see_v selden_n title_n of_o honour_n part._n 2._o c._n 5._o n._n 3_o 4._o and_o that_o there_o be_v such_o land_n as_o well_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o low_a sort_n of_o the_o nobless_a and_o gentleman_n as_o of_o the_o great_a nobleman_n be_v further_a clear_a by_o undeniable_a testimony_n from_o the_o saxon_a law_n and_o doomsday_n captain_n doomsday_n legalis_fw-la homo_fw-la or_o militaris_fw-la homo_fw-la the_o judicious_a dugdale_n think_v sithesocha_n signify_v curia_fw-la libera_fw-la legalium_fw-la hominum_fw-la or_o militarium_fw-la hominum_fw-la a_o court_n of_o military_a or_o legalman_n but_o perhaps_o the_o word_n may_v more_o apt_o be_v translate_v the_o court-liberty_n or_o jurisdiction_n of_o a_o scythe_n gesithe_o or_o sitheman_n in_o such_o part_n of_o a_o county_n like_o our_o hundred_o where_o also_o he_o have_v a_o military-power_n to_o lead_v the_o people_n out_o to_o war_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o saxon-law_n and_o may_v be_v then_o captain_n that_o isle_n man_n haebbe_fw-it aet_fw-la thaer_fw-mi sylh_n twegen_n pel_n gehorsaede_v man_n ll._n aethelstan_n c._n 16._o every_o man_n for_o a_o plough_n shall_v have_v two_o well-furnished_a horseman_n they_o who_o be_v to_o find_v these_o man_n have_v the_o land_n give_v they_o for_o that_o purpose_n for_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v think_v that_o a_o countryman_n that_o pay_v any_o considerable_a rent_n can_v do_v it_o if_o a_o a_o be_v a_o sithcundman_n what_o he_o be_v mr._n somner_n in_o his_o glossary_n derive_v this_o word_n from_o sith_o or_o gesith_v comes_n vel_fw-la socius_fw-la a_o ruler_n or_o governor_n and_o cund_o kind_a as_o it_o signify_v the_o condition_n and_o quality_n of_o any_o one_o and_o mon_n man_n that_o be_v a_o kind_n or_o sort_n of_o comes_n governor_n judge_n or_o praefect_n he_o be_v esteem_v equal_a to_o a_o thane_n by_o the_o valuation_n of_o his_o life_n in_o aâ—thelstane's_n law_n sithcundman_n refuse_v his_o service_n in_o the_o army_n or_o a_o military_a expedition_n he_o forfeit_v his_o land_n etc._n etc._n ll._n inae_fw-la c._n 52._o now_o we_o do_v not_o read_v of_o land_n any_o where_o forfeit_v in_o such_o case_n unless_o it_o be_v feudal_n land_n and_o such_o as_o be_v give_v by_o a_o great_a person_n lord_n or_o signior_n to_o his_o vassal_n or_o feudatarie_n for_o the_o performance_n of_o the_o military_a service_n agree_v on_o between_o they_o again_o if_o any_o man_n be_v kill_v fight_v in_o battle_n by_o or_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o his_o lord_n or_o patron_n his_o heir_n succeed_v in_o land_n and_o good_n without_o pay_v a_o a_o de_fw-fr weris_fw-la where_o they_o be_v both_o equal_o value_v at_o 2000_o thrymsa_n thrymsa_n thrymsa_n or_o groat_n thrymsa_fw-la not_o be_v 3_o shilling_n as_o lambard_n interpret_v it_o but_o only_o a_o corruption_n of_o the_o latin_a tremissis_n which_o often_o occur_v in_o the_o german_a law_n and_o be_v the_o three_o part_n of_o a_o shilling_n or_o 4_o d._n ll._n alaman_n tit._n 6._o §._o 3._o saiga_fw-la autem_fw-la est_fw-la quarta_fw-la pars_fw-la tremissis_n hoc_fw-la est_fw-la denarius_fw-la unus_fw-la tremissis_n est_fw-la tertia_fw-la pars_fw-la solidi_fw-la &_o sunt_fw-la denarii_fw-la quatuor_fw-la the_o german_n sometime_o reckon_v the_o value_n of_o their_o good_n by_o tremiss_n optimus_fw-la bos_fw-la 5_o tremiss_n valet_fw-la medianus_fw-la 4._o ll._n alaman_n tit._n 27._o and_o so_o frequent_o in_o the_o law_n of_o the_o west-goth_n sithcundman_n the_o office_n of_o a_o sithcundman_n his_o office_n or_o place_n of_o trust_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v the_o same_o or_o much_o like_o that_o of_o a_o centgrave_n or_o hundredarie_n for_o many_o small_a territory_n or_o part_n of_o county_n which_o we_o now_o call_v hundred_o be_v ancient_o retain_v the_o saxon_a expression_n call_v sithesock_n as_o the_o hundred_o of_o knightlowe_n kineton_n and_o hemlingford_n in_o warwickshire_n be_v 16_o hen._n secundi_fw-la call_v sithesocha_n de_fw-fr cnutchlelawa_n sithesocha_n de_fw-fr chinton_n sithesocha_n de_fw-fr humliford_n dugdale_n antiq._n warwickshire_n fol._n 2._o col_fw-fr 2._o fol._n 297._o col_fw-fr 1._o fol._n 636._o col_fw-fr 1._o soak_v be_v interpret_v a_o court_n liberty_n or_o jurisdiction_n where_o plea_n be_v hold_v and_o scythe_n gesithe_o sitheman_n glossar_n see_v lageman_n in_o glossar_n or_o sithcundman_n heregeat_n or_o heriot_n ll._n canut_n c._n 75._o which_o word_n heregate_v or_o heriot_n brompton_n expound_v by_o relevatio_fw-la a_o relief_n col_fw-fr 931._o and_o so_o likewise_o it_o be_v turn_v in_o edward_n the_o confessor_n law_n where_o we_o have_v this_o very_a law_n cap._n 35._o tit._n de_fw-fr heretochiis_fw-la and_o these_o heregeat_n same_o heriot_n and_o relief_n the_o same_o or_o hereot_n ll._n canut_n c._n 69._o be_v certain_a argument_n of_o feudal_n land_n or_o tenor_n in_o military_a or_o knights-service_n they_o be_v due_a to_o the_o lord_n or_o patron_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o his_o vassal_n and_o beside_o horse_n and_o money_n consist_v in_o certain_a warlike_a instrument_n and_o furniture_n give_v up_o and_o bring_v into_o the_o lord_n armoury_n there_o to_o remain_v for_o his_o use_n and_o defence_n when_o there_o be_v occasion_n heriot_n a_o earl_n heriot_n the_o earl_n heregeat_n be_v 8_o horse_n 4_o saddle_v 4_o vnsadle_v 4_o helmet_n 4_o coat_n of_o mail_n 8_o spear_n as_o many_o shield_n 4_o sword_n and_o 200_o mark_n in_o gold_n which_o payment_n in_o money_n i_o take_v to_o be_v the_o relief_n rather_o for_o the_o earldom_n that_o differ_v from_o the_o heriot_n or_o heregeat_n as_o sir_n hen._n spelman_n mr._n somner_n and_o other_o do_v in_o their_o interpretation_n of_o those_o word_n tell_v we_o the_o heregeates_n or_o military_a preparation_n of_o the_o king_n thanes_z or_o baron_n middle_a thanes_z and_o lower_v thanes_z all_o military_a man_n of_o inferior_a degree_n follow_v in_o proportionable_a order_n for_o which_o see_v the_o law_n abovementioned_a from_o these_o we_o proceed_v to_o the_o law_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n in_o which_o if_o their_o credit_n be_v as_o great_a as_o their_o fame_n the_o tenor_n by_o knight_n or_o military-service_n be_v full_o and_o clear_o set_v forth_o and_o describe_v ll._n 35._o tit._n de_fw-fr greve_n all_o freeman_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n according_a to_o their_o estate_n good_n and_o possession_n and_o according_a to_o their_o fee_n and_o tenement_n ought_v to_o have_v arm_n and_o keep_v they_o ready_a for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o service_n of_o their_o lord_n as_o the_o king_n shall_v command_v and_o moreover_o birtrick_n the_o rich_a saxon_n will_v 1._o a_o rich_a saxon_a give_v money_n to_o have_v his_o will_n confirm_v in_o a_o rebellion_n of_o earl_n godwin_n and_o his_o son_n against_o the_o same_o king_n he_o and_o his_o son_n harold_n be_v command_v servitium_n militum_fw-la quos_fw-la habebant_fw-la in_o anglia_fw-it regi_fw-la contradere_fw-mi to_o deliver_v up_o or_o pass_v over_o to_o the_o king_n all_o their_o military_a or_o knights-service_n they_o have_v in_o england_n malmâ—_n fol._n 46._o
land_n that_o come_v to_o they_o or_o pass_v by_o write_v or_o perhaps_o as_o we_o now_o call_v it_o deed_n from_o their_o ancestor_n can_v not_o sell_v or_o alien_n it_o from_o their_o heir_n and_o that_o for_o vouch_v of_o thing_n sell_v etc._n etc._n no_o man_n horse_n or_o ox_n can_v be_v buy_v or_o sell_v without_o a_o voucher_n alfred_n foed_n alured_n &_o guthrum_n ibid._n fol._n 36._o hundred_o and_o tithing_n erect_v by_o alfred_n that_o be_v one_o then_o that_o shall_v take_v upon_o he_o to_o make_v good_a the_o sale_n and_o thing_n sell_v according_a to_o the_o bargain_n .._o this_o king_n according_a to_o ingulph_n first_o divide_v the_o province_n into_o into_o without_o doubt_n as_o to_o this_o part_n of_o the_o division_n 284._o de_fw-fr gestis_fw-la aelfâ—ed_fw-la fol._n 284._o ingulph_n be_v mistake_v for_o asser_n who_o live_v in_o aelfred_n time_n mention_n osric_z earl_n of_o hamshire_n and_o ethelwolph_n earl_n of_o bark-shire_n under_o ethelbert_n and_o eanwulf_n earl_n of_o somersetshire_n under_o his_o father_n ethelwolph_n there_o be_v also_o mention_v as_o witness_n to_o a_o charter_n of_o king_n ethelbald_n a._n d._n 716._o cite_v by_o ingulphus_n egga_n earl_n of_o lincoln_n and_o lencitus_n earl_n of_o leicester_n a._n histor_n croyland_n fol._n 485._o a._n therefore_o such_o division_n be_v before_o nevertheless_o it_o be_v most_o probable_a the_o partition_n of_o county_n into_o hundred_o and_o tithing_n be_v make_v in_o his_o time_n as_o appear_v in_o the_o notice_n county_n those_o into_o hundred_o and_o those_o again_o into_o decime_n or_o tithing_n that_o every_o english_a man_n live_v under_o law_n shall_v be_v within_o some_o hundred_o or_o tithing_n 886._o edward_n the_o elder_a a._n d._n 886._o of_o this_o see_v more_o in_o the_o first_o part_n of_o this_o history_n he_o make_v also_o a_o survey_n of_o all_o the_o county_n hundred_o and_o tithing_n throughout_o england_n and_o the_o roll_n thereof_o be_v call_v the_o roll_n of_o winchester_n b._n all_o county_n survey_v by_o alfred_n in_o his_o history_n fol._n 516._o b._n the_o chief_a city_n of_o the_o west-saxon_a kingdom_n because_o it_o be_v keep_v then_o out_o of_o this_o roll_n and_o that_o afterward_o make_v by_o william_n the_o conqueror_n in_o imitation_n of_o it_o but_o more_o exact_a ingulphus_n take_v out_o the_o particular_n of_o the_o land_n and_o tenement_n belong_v to_o croyland_n abbey_n edward_n his_o son_n call_v the_o elder_a mercia_n edward_n the_o elder_a a._n d._n 900._o sax._n an._n 901._o disturb_a by_o ethelwald_n ibid._n 905._o who_o fly_v to_o the_o dane_n in_o northumberland_n and_o persuade_v they_o to_o invade_v mercia_n because_o the_o first_o succeed_v aelfr_v less_o learned_a but_o more_o potent_a in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o reign_n he_o receive_v some_o disturbance_n from_o the_o pretence_n of_o ethelwald_n his_o uncle_n son_n to_o the_o kingdom_n who_o not_o be_v able_a to_o make_v good_a his_o cause_n flee_v to_o the_o dane_n in_o northumberland_n and_o prevail_v with_o they_o to_o invade_v mercia_n where_o edward_n march_v upon_o they_o force_v their_o army_n to_o retreat_n and_o waste_v all_o the_o country_n between_o the_o ouse_n the_o this_o be_v that_o ditch_n which_o be_v call_v divels-ditch_n upon_o new-market-heath_n and_o the_o country_n here_o mention_v be_v all_o that_o between_o this_o ditch_n huntingdon_n st._n neot_n bedford_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v seat_v upon_o the_o river_n ouse_n ditch_n and_o ouse_n even_o to_o the_o north_n fen_n and_o not_o long_o after_o both_o army_n join_v battle_n and_o fight_v with_o great_a loss_n and_o slaughter_n on_o both_o side_n duke_n sigulf_n earl_n sigelm_n eadwold_n the_o king_n thane_n cenwulf_n the_o abbot_n with_o many_o common_a man_n dane_n a_o great_a slaughter_n of_o saxon_n and_o dane_n be_v slay_v on_o the_o saxon_n part_n on_o the_o dane_n part_v their_o king_n eohric_n the_o seditious_a ethelwold_n brihtsigerus_n isop_n general_n isop_n hold_v be_v a_o danish_a word_n and_o signify_v a_o fieldmarshal_n knight-marshal_n or_o general_n hold_v osketel_v hold_v with_o very_a many_o other_o commander_n and_o common_a soldier_n yet_o by_o the_o story_n the_o dane_n seem_v to_o have_v keep_v the_o field_n what_o the_o event_n of_o battle_n be_v appear_v not_o 907._o ibid._n 907._o however_o two_o year_n after_o edward_n make_v peace_n with_o the_o dane_n the_o east-angle_n and_o northumbrian_n which_o be_v now_o one_o nation_n with_o they_o not_o long_o after_o the_o dane_n break_v the_o peace_n 1._o ibid._n 9_o 1._o and_o waste_v his_o country_n to_o who_o he_o give_v battle_n overthrow_v they_o beat_v the_o dane_n beat_v and_o kill_v their_o king_n ecwils_fw-mi pursue_v this_o victory_n and_o march_v for_o several_a year_n up_o and_o down_o into_o all_o part_n of_o his_o country_n he_o with_o the_o assistance_n of_o his_o sister_n elsted_n countess_n queen_n of_o mercia_n every_o where_o expel_v the_o dane_n they_o malm_n de_fw-fr gestis_fw-la reg_fw-la l._n 2._o c._n 5._o ingulph_n hist_o fol._n 595._o b._n edward_n repair_v his_o town_n and_o fortress_n and_o place_n strong_a garrison_n in_o they_o and_o either_o build_v and_o erect_v new_a town_n and_o fortress_n in_o all_o convenient_a place_n or_o repair_v the_o old_a and_o place_v strong_a garrison_n in_o they_o especial_o towards_o the_o frontier_n by_o which_o mean_n he_o check_v the_o insolency_n of_o the_o dane_n and_o hinder_v their_o excursion_n their_o place_n of_o safety_n and_o retreat_n add_v such_o courage_n to_o the_o countryman_n that_o whereas_o before_o they_o flee_v from_o the_o dane_n now_o they_o outbraved_n and_o contemn_v they_o these_o thing_n raise_v he_o to_o such_o a_o reputation_n that_o after_o the_o accession_n of_o mercia_n to_o his_o former_a territory_n which_o he_o take_v into_o his_o own_o hand_n after_o his_o sister_n death_n howel_n cledanc_n and_o jeothwell_n king_n of_o the_o south-britains_n the_o these_o be_v those_o that_o inhabit_v that_o which_o be_v now_o call_v wales_n who_o be_v call_v north-britains_n in_o respect_n of_o those_o which_o inhabit_v cornwall_n who_o be_v call_v south-britains_n north-britains_n and_o the_o whole_a nation_n submit_v who_o saxon_a annal_n a._n d._n 922._o the_o north-britains_n or_o welsh_n submit_v ibid._n a.d._n 924._o and_o the_o scots_a dane_n and_o northumber_n divels-ditch_n hold_v what_o and_o who_o north-britains_n who_o and_o desire_v he_o for_o their_o lord_n and_o master_n as_o do_v also_o not_o long_o after_o the_o king_n of_o scot_n and_o all_o his_o nation_n the_o northumbrian_n the_o english_a and_o dane_n and_o other_o northern_a people_n 924._o athelstan_n a._n d._n 924._o with_o the_o king_n of_o of_o 156._o straecled_a welsh_a who_o de_fw-fr â—cb_n scot._n l._n 6._o p._n 175_o 156._o britain_n which_o at_o that_o time_n inhabit_v calloway_n in_o scotland_n buchanan_n confess_v that_o the_o english_a army_n be_v far_o inferior_a to_o the_o dane_n and_o the_o force_n with_o which_o the_o scot_n assist_v they_o yet_o under_o the_o conduct_n of_o aethestan_n who_o be_v edward_n general_n they_o obtain_v a_o great_a victory_n and_o take_v from_o the_o scots_a cumberland_n and_o westmoreland_n and_o from_o the_o dane_n northumberland_n but_o he_o will_v not_o acknowledge_v the_o submission_n of_o scotland_n straecled_a wales_n and_o his_o people_n straecle_v straecle_v this_o king_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o wise_a man_n make_v several_a law_n and_o confirm_v the_o league_n his_o father_n aelfrid_n make_v with_o godrun_n or_o guthrun_n 829._o he_o confirm_v the_o league_n alfrid_n make_v with_o guthrun_n lamb._n inter_fw-la ll._n edward_n sen._n he_o make_v many_o ecclesiastic_a law_n col_fw-fr 829._o by_o agreement_n of_o the_o great_a man_n on_o both_o side_n and_o among_o other_o article_n of_o the_o league_n they_o enact_v many_o law_n mere_o ecclesiastic_a which_o be_v repute_v as_o part_v of_o it_o these_o ecclesiastic_a law_n be_v print_v in_o brompton_n among_o aelfrid_n law_n as_o be_v make_v then_o and_o be_v more_o perfect_a than_o in_o lambard_n and_o with_o other_o there_o be_v law_n for_o the_o payment_n of_o tithe_n peterpence_n candle-money_n etc._n etc._n edward_n die_v in_o the_o year_n 924._o be_v bury_v with_o his_o father_n in_o the_o monastery_n of_o winchester_n 6._o athelstan_n lib._n 2._o the_o gest_n â—eg_v c._n 6._o after_o the_o death_n of_o king_n edward_n his_o elder_a son_n athelstan_n by_o a_o concubine_n as_o it_o be_v report_v say_v malmsbury_n be_v crown_v at_o kingston_n upon_o thames_n by_o athelmus_fw-la archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n the_o beginning_n of_o who_o reign_n be_v disturb_v by_o the_o sedition_n of_o alfrid_n a_o nobleman_n death_n a._n d._n 924._o perjury_n punish_v with_o sudden_a death_n who_o be_v apprehend_v and_o send_v to_o rome_n to_o purge_v himself_o deny_v the_o fact_n upon_o oath_n fall_v down_o sudden_o and_o within_o three_o day_n
t.r.e._n praeter_fw-la de_fw-la quatuor_fw-la ulnod_n estmunt_fw-la aluricus_n wistricus_n &_o guert_n frater_fw-la haroldi_n habuit_fw-la commendationem_fw-la de_fw-la duobus_fw-la man._n et_fw-fr alviet_v omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la erant_fw-la commendati_fw-la aliis_fw-la baronibus_fw-la t.r.e._n de_fw-fr uno_fw-la habuit_fw-la antecessor_n malet_n commendationem_fw-la et_fw-fr robert_n fill_n wimari_n iiii_o et_fw-la tamen_fw-la semper_fw-la haroldus_n habebat_fw-la socam_fw-la etc._n etc._n harold_n hold_v bercolt_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n and_o thirteen_o carucate_n of_o land_n for_o a_o manner_n then_o there_o be_v forty_o two_o villain_n now_o forty_o three_o then_o five_o bordar_n now_o twenty_o two_o then_o six_o servant_n now_z four_z then_o and_o afterward_o three_o carucate_n in_o demeasn_a now_o two_o then_o the_o man_n or_o tenant_n have_v twenty_o carucate_n afterward_o and_o now_o ten_o and_o 12_o acre_n of_o meadow_n wood_n for_o 1000_o hog_n always_o one_o mill_n always_o one_o work_v horse_n and_o ten_o young_a cattle_n and_o twenty_o eight_o hog_n and_o eighty_o five_o sheep_n and_o twenty_o six_o goat_n to_o this_o manner_n belong_v one_o manner_n one_o a_o hamlet_n or_o member_n of_o a_o manner_n berwite_n now_o i_o think_v call_v the_o barrow_n or_o berry_n sceveley_n it_o be_v two_o carucate_n of_o land_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n then_o there_o be_v ten_o villain_n afterward_o and_o now_o six_o always_o seven_o bordar_n then_o 4_o servant_n now_o two_o then_o two_o carucate_n in_o demeasn_a afterward_o and_o now_o one_o then_o the_o man_n or_o tenant_n hold_v eight_o carucate_n afterward_o and_o now_o four_o and_o sixteen_o acre_n of_o meadow_n and_o one_o mill_n always_o one_o work_v horse_n and_o four_o young_a beast_n or_o ox_n and_o seven_o hog_n and_o twenty_o three_o sheep_n earl_n guert_n hold_v bentley_n for_o two_o carucate_n of_o land_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n afterward_o earl_n ralph_n master_n of_o the_o horse_n join_v it_o to_o this_o manner_n as_o a_o berwite_n or_o berry_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n william_n then_o there_o be_v nineteen_o villain_n upon_o it_o now_o thirteen_o always_o three_o bordar_n then_o four_o servant_n then_o two_o carucate_n in_o demeasn_a afterward_o and_o now_o one_o then_o the_o tenant_n or_o man_n hold_v viij_o carucate_n or_o have_v eight_o plough_n afterward_o and_o now_o one_o and_o eight_o plough_n between_o the_o lord_n and_o villain_n and_o note_v who_o villain_n villain_n may_v be_v set_v up_o again_o or_o eight_o carucate_n renew_v they_o have_v eight_o acre_n of_o meadow_n wood_n to_o keep_v twelve_o hog_n and_o forty_o two_o sheep_n and_o pay_v vi_o d._n earl_n guert_n hold_v scotley_n or_o shotley_n there_o be_v two_o carucate_n and_o half_a of_o land_n and_o 1_o acre_n and_o it_o pay_v two_o waste_v two_o probably_n it_o lay_v waste_v penny_n for_o one_o manner_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n then_o there_o be_v twelve_o villain_n now_o six_o there_o be_v always_o two_o bordar_n and_o then_o four_o servant_n now_o one_o then_o two_o carucate_n in_o demeasn_a afterward_o and_o now_o one_o and_o there_o may_v be_v four_o carucate_n again_o and_o four_o acre_n of_o meadow_n and_o one_o work_v horse_n and_o forty_o sheep_n to_o this_o manner_n there_o be_v appendant_a or_o regardant_a that_o be_v fix_v to_o it_o in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n two_o hundred_o and_o ten_o socman_n now_o there_o be_v but_o one_o hundred_o and_o nineteen_o and_o they_o have_v two_o and_o twenty_o carucate_n of_o land_n and_o half_a want_v thirty_o acre_n or_o and_o thirty_o acre_n more_o or_o less_o and_o forty_o two_o bordar_n then_o there_o be_v twenty_o nine_o carucate_n now_o twenty_o seven_o and_o twenty_o four_o acre_n and_o half_a of_o meadow_n and_o two_o church_n with_o sixty_o two_o acre_n of_o these_o man_n or_o suitor_n or_o tenant_n which_o be_v regardant_a or_o belong_v to_o this_o manner_n qui_fw-la huic_fw-la manerio_fw-la sense_n manerio_fw-la remanentes_fw-la &_o pertinentes_fw-la be_v always_o take_v in_o the_o same_o sense_n remansi_fw-la sunt_fw-la harold_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n have_v the_o protection_n of_o only_a four_o ulnod_n estmunt_fw-la aluric_n and_o wistric_n and_o guert_n the_o brother_n of_o harold_n have_v the_o protection_n of_o two_o man_n and_o alviet_v all_o the_o other_o be_v protect_v by_o or_o under_o the_o patronage_n of_o other_o baron_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o predecessor_n of_o malet_n have_v the_o protection_n of_o one_o and_o robert_n the_o son_n of_o wimar_n have_v the_o protection_n of_o four_o and_o yet_o harold_n always_o have_v the_o soak_v or_o money_n pay_v for_o their_o protection_n etc._n etc._n sudfulc_a a._n sudfulc_a ibid._n f._n 322._o a._n gislingham_n etc._n etc._n in_o gislingheham_n tres_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la de_fw-la duobus_fw-la habuit_fw-la ulvena_n comendationem_fw-la seven_o acr._n et_fw-fr dimid_n car._n et_fw-fr val._n xuj_o d._n in_o eadem_fw-la duo_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la xxvi_o acr_n unus_fw-la comendatus_fw-la ulvenae_n nomine_fw-la colemanus_n cum_fw-la vi_fw-la acr_n tunc_fw-la dimid_n car._n modo_fw-la waste_v modo_fw-la it_o be_v waste_v nichil_fw-la et_fw-la valuit_fw-la iiii_o sol._n in_o eadem_fw-la tenet_fw-la alviet_v libre_fw-la homo_fw-la comendatus_fw-la alsio_fw-la nepoti_fw-la comitis_fw-la he_o comitis_fw-la ralph_n de_fw-fr guarder_n sometime_o earl_n of_o norfolk_n and_o suffolk_n or_o the_o east_n angle_n under_o the_o conqueror_n and_o a_o rebel_n against_o he_o radulfi_n thirty_o acr_n pro_fw-la manerio_fw-la t._n r._n e._n tunc_fw-la 1_o car._n modo_fw-la nichil_fw-la et_fw-la 1_o acr_n prati_fw-la in_o eadem_fw-la vi_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la comendati_n alviet_v xiii_o acr_n semper_fw-la dimid_n car._n tunc_fw-la xx_o sol_fw-la modo_fw-la twelve_o in_o eadem_fw-la ringulfus_n libre_fw-la homo_fw-la thirty_o acr_n pro_fw-la 1_o manner_n comendat_fw-la alsio_fw-la nepoti_fw-la comitis_fw-la radulfi_n tunc_fw-la 1_o car._n modo_fw-la nihil_fw-la exit_fw-la hac_fw-la terra_fw-la tenuit_fw-la lewinus_fw-la filius_fw-la ringulfi_n three_o caruc_n quartam_fw-la partem_fw-la silvae_fw-la in_o eadem_fw-la quatuor_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la comendati_n ringulfo_n x_o acr_n et_fw-fr dimid_n car._n et_fw-la iiii_o acr_n prati_fw-la x_o porc_n tunc_fw-la valuit_fw-la xx_o sol_fw-la modo_fw-la x._o in_o eadem_fw-la beso_fw-es libre_fw-la homo_fw-la xuj_o acr_n comendatus_fw-la alsio_n tunc_fw-la et_fw-la post_fw-la 1_o car._n modo_fw-la nichil_fw-la et_fw-la valuit_fw-la vi_fw-la sol_fw-la et_fw-fr viij_o d._n exit_fw-la hac_fw-la terra_fw-la tenuit_fw-la antecessor_n aberici_fw-la de_fw-fr ver._n five_o acr_n rex_fw-la et_fw-la comes_fw-la de_fw-fr toto_fw-la socam_fw-la in_o eadem_fw-la 1_o libre_fw-la homo_fw-la soribe_n vi_fw-la acr_n comendatus_fw-la ulvenae_n et_fw-la valuit_fw-la twelve_o d._n in_o eadem_fw-la chipinc_fw-la b._n chipinc_fw-la ibid._n b._n libre_fw-la homo_fw-la comendatus_fw-la ulwino_fw-la antecessori_fw-la alberici_fw-la de_fw-la ver._n et_fw-la in_o soca_fw-la ejus_fw-la twelve_o car._n et_fw-la adhuc_fw-la tenebat_fw-la 1_o acr_n terre_fw-fr de_fw-fr dominio_fw-la ulwini_fw-la et_fw-la quartam_fw-la partem_fw-la alterius_fw-la et_fw-la modo_fw-la tenet_n totum_fw-la mater_fw-la malet_n mater_fw-la robert_n malet_n roberti_n et_fw-fr val_fw-fr two_o sol_fw-la rex_fw-la et_fw-la comes_fw-la de_fw-fr toto_fw-la alio_fw-la socam_fw-la in_o cotetuna_fw-la ibid._n cotetuna_fw-la ibid._n tenuit_fw-la ansgerus_n libre_fw-la homo_fw-la comendatus_fw-la lewino_fw-la de_fw-la bachetuna_fw-la thirty_o acr_n pro_fw-la manner_n t._n r._n e._n tunc_fw-la 1_o car._n modo_fw-la dimid_n et_fw-fr 1_o acr_n prati_fw-la silua_fw-la vi_fw-la porc._n et_fw-la tres_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la comendat_fw-la lx_o acr_n et_fw-fr dimid_n car._n et_fw-fr val_fw-fr x_o sol_fw-la rex_fw-la et_fw-la comes_fw-la socam_fw-la in_o eadem_fw-la tenuit_fw-la teit_n comendatus_fw-la dimidius_fw-la edrico_fw-la prepositi_fw-la regis_fw-la et_fw-la dimidius_fw-la comendatus_fw-la antecessori_fw-la malet_n viij_o acr_n semper_fw-la dimid_n car._n et_fw-fr val_fw-fr iiii_o sol_fw-la soca_fw-la regis_fw-la et_fw-la comitis_fw-la in_o parvo_fw-la thornham_n viij_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la xxviii_o acr_n commend_v ulvenae_n tunc_fw-la two_o car._n modo_fw-la 1_o et_fw-la dimid_n et_fw-fr val_fw-fr shall_fw-mi sol_fw-mi in_o eadem_fw-la duo_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la unus_fw-la eorum_fw-la *_o fuit_fw-la comendatus_fw-la ulvenae_n et_fw-la alter_fw-la dimidius_fw-la subcomendatus_fw-la antecessori_fw-la malet_n in_o gislingham_n three_o freeman_n of_o which_o ulvene_n edward_n ulvene_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n have_v the_o protection_n of_o two_o and_o they_o seven_o acre_n and_o half_a a_o carucate_n and_o pay_v xuj_o d._n in_o the_o same_o town_n two_o freeman_n have_v twenty_o six_o acre_n one_o be_v protect_v by_o ulvene_n by_o name_n coleman_n with_o six_o acre_n then_o half_a a_o carucate_n waste_v carucate_n before_o the_o conquest_n it_o be_v half_o a_o carucate_n after_o it_o lay_v waste_v now_o nothing_o and_o it_o do_v pay_v 4_o s._n in_o the_o same_o alviet_v a_o freeman_n under_o the_o protection_n of_o alsi_fw-la the_o nephew_n or_o grandchild_n of_o earl_n ralph_n hold_v thirty_o acre_n for_o a_o
manner_n that_o be_v a_o seat_n or_o place_n of_o abode_n in_o the_o time_n king_n edward_n then_o it_o be_v one_o carucate_n now_o nothing_o and_o 1_o acre_n of_o meadow_n in_o the_o same_o six_o freeman_n under_o the_o protection_n of_o himself_o of_o these_o be_v subcomendat_n be_v under_o the_o protection_n of_o one_o that_o be_v protect_v himself_o alviet_v hold_v xiii_o acre_n which_o be_v always_o half_a a_o carucate_n then_o they_o pay_v twenty_o shilling_n now_o twelve_o in_o the_o same_o town_n ringulf_n a_o freeman_n have_v thirty_o acre_n for_o a_o manner_n he_o be_v the_o client_n or_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o alsi_fw-la nephew_n or_o grandchild_n to_o earl_n ralph_n then_o it_o be_v one_o carucate_n now_o nothing_o of_o this_o land_n suppose_v of_o the_o town_n lewin_n the_o son_n of_o ringulf_n have_v three_o carucate_n and_o the_o four_o part_n of_o the_o wood_n in_o the_o same_o four_o freeman_n under_o the_o protection_n of_o hand_n of_o these_o be_v also_o subcommendat_n who_o be_v protect_v at_o the_o second_o hand_n ringulf_n who_o have_v x_o acre_n and_o half_a a_o carucate_n and_o four_o acre_n of_o meadow_n and_o x_o hog_n than_o it_o pay_v 20_o s._n now_o ten_o in_o the_o same_o beso_fw-es a_o freeman_n protect_v by_o alsi_fw-la have_v xuj_o acre_n then_o and_o afterward_o one_o carucate_n now_o nothing_o it_o do_v pay_v six_o shilling_n and_o eight_o penny_n of_o this_o land_n the_o predecessor_n of_o alberic_n de_fw-fr oxford_n de_fw-fr he_o be_v ancestor_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o oxford_n ver_n have_v five_o acre_n the_o king_n and_o the_o earl_n have_v the_o soak_v of_o the_o whole_a in_o the_o same_o town_n one_o freeman_n call_v soribe_n who_o have_v vi_o acre_n he_o be_v under_o the_o protection_n of_o ulvene_n and_o pay_v twelve_o d._n in_o the_o same_o chipinc_fw-la a_o freeman_n under_o the_o protection_n of_o ulwin_n the_o predecessor_n of_o alberic_n de_fw-fr ver_n and_o in_o the_o soak_v of_o his_o twelve_o carucate_n and_o he_o hold_v more_o 1_o acre_n and_o the_o four_o part_n of_o another_o of_o the_o lordship_n of_o ulwin_n now_o the_o mother_n of_o robert_n malet_n hold_v the_o whole_a and_o it_o pay_v 2_o s._n the_o king_n and_o earl_n of_o all_o the_o soak_v of_o the_o other_o that_o be_v of_o soribe_n in_o cotton_n ansger_n a_o freeman_n under_o the_o protection_n of_o lewin_n of_o backton_n hold_v thirty_o acre_n for_o a_o manner_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n then_o 1_o carucate_n now_o half_a a_o carucate_n and_o 1_o acre_n of_o meadow_n wood_n for_o vi_o hog_n and_o there_o be_v three_o freeman_n under_o protection_n that_o hold_v sixty_o acre_n and_o half_a a_o carucate_n and_o pay_v ten_o shilling_n the_o king_n and_o earl_n have_v the_o soc._n in_o the_o same_o teit_n half_a under_o the_o protection_n of_o edric_n the_o regis_fw-la the_o praepâ—situs_fw-la regis_fw-la king_n reeve_n and_o half_a under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o predecessor_n of_o malet_n hold_v viij_o acre_n always_o half_o a_o carucate_n and_o pay_v 4_o s._n the_o soc_n be_v the_o king_n and_o earl_n in_o little_a thornham_n eight_o freeman_n have_v twenty_o eight_o acre_n and_o be_v under_o the_o protection_n of_o ulvene_n than_o they_o have_v two_o carucate_n now_o one_o and_o half_a and_o pay_v 5_o s._n in_o the_o same_o two_o freeman_n one_o of_o they_o be_v under_o the_o protection_n of_o ulvene_n and_o the_o other_o be_v protect_v by_o one_o who_o be_v protect_v by_o the_o predecessor_n of_o malet_n and_o be_v half_a under_o his_o protection_n they_o have_v xv_o acre_n always_o 1_o carucate_n or_o always_o they_o employ_v one_o plough_n then_o it_o be_v worth_a 3_o s._n 4_o d._n now_o 5_o s._n here_o we_o see_v the_o condition_n of_o the_o ordinary_a freeman_n within_o these_o three_o county_n and_o there_o be_v more_o here_o than_o in_o all_o the_o county_n in_o england_n and_o beside_o owner_n of_o town_n and_o lord_n of_o manor_n there_o be_v no_o other_o land-holders_n or_o inhabitant_n but_o these_o and_o socman_n if_o these_o be_v not_o the_o same_o and_o villain_n bordar_n or_o cottar_n and_o servant_n in_o the_o country_n but_o for_o great_a demonstration_n of_o matter_n of_o fact_n i_o shall_v brief_o pass_v through_o they_o all_o chenth_fw-mi 1._o chenth_fw-mi great_a domesday_n book_n f._n 2._o b._n col_fw-fr 1._o terra_fw-la regis_fw-la in_o dimid_n lest_o the_o sudtone_n in_o achestane_n hund._n rex_fw-la willielmus_fw-la tenet_fw-la tarentefort_n pro_fw-la uno_fw-la solino_n &_o dimid_n se_fw-la defendit_fw-la survey_n defendit_fw-la that_o be_v arable_a which_o be_v always_o call_v terra_n in_o this_o survey_n terra_fw-la est_fw-la xl_o caruc_fw-la in_o dominio_fw-la sunt_fw-la two_o caruc_fw-la &_o cxlii_o villani_n cum_fw-la x_o bordar_n habent_fw-la liii_o caruc_fw-la ibi_fw-la sunt_fw-la three_o servi_n &_o 1_o molend_n etc._n etc._n king_n william_n hold_v tarentfort_n it_o be_v tax_v at_o one_o find_v one_o probably_n from_o the_o saxon_a word_n sulk_n a_o plough_n but_o what_o quantity_n of_o land_n a_o solin_n swolling_n or_o sull_v contain_v i_o can_v find_v solin_n and_o a_o half_a there_o be_v forty_o carucate_n of_o land_n in_o demeasn_a two_o carucate_n and_o one_o hundred_o and_o forty_o two_o villain_n with_o ten_o bordar_n they_o have_v fifty_o three_o carucate_n or_o perhaps_o rather_o fifty_o three_o plough_n with_o which_o they_o plough_v their_o own_o and_o the_o lord_n land_n there_o be_v three_o servant_n and_o one_o mill._n terra_fw-la â—_o terra_fw-la ibid._n f._n 3_o a._n col._n â—_o archiepiscopi_fw-la cantuariensis_n in_o achestan_n hund._n archiepiscopus_fw-la cantuariensis_n tenet_fw-la in_o dominio_fw-la tarent_n pro_fw-la two_o solinis_fw-la se_fw-la defendit_fw-la in_o dominio_fw-la est_fw-la una_fw-la car._n &_o xxii_o villani_n cum_fw-la seven_o cotar_n habent_fw-la seven_o car._n ibi_fw-la vi_fw-la servi_n &_o two_o molend_n de_fw-fr l_o sol_fw-la the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n hold_v tarent_n in_o demeasn_a there_o be_v in_o demeasn_a one_o carucate_n and_o xxii_o villain_n with_o seven_o cotar_n they_o have_v seven_o carucate_n or_o it_o or_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o think_v that_o this_o abbreviation_n car._n or_o caruc_n when_o it_o follow_v villeni_n or_o bordarii_n oft_o signifiâ—s_v the_o number_n of_o plough_n they_o keep_v and_o not_o the_o land_n or_o quantity_n of_o it_o plough_n there_o be_v vi_o servant_n and_o two_o mill_n of_o 50_o s._n rent_n in_o the_o whold_n county_n of_o kent_n in_o the_o entry_n of_o town_n and_o manner_n it_o be_v very_o rare_a to_o find_v any_o other_o people_n than_o villain_n bordar_n and_o servant_n who_o be_v all_o in_o dominio_fw-la beside_o the_o lord_n and_o great_a possessor_n military_a man_n and_o religious_a sudsex_n â—_o sudsex_n ibid._n f._n 1â—_n a._n col._n â—_o terra_fw-la archiepiscopi_fw-la cantuar._n in_o mellings_n hund._n archiepiscopus_fw-la lanfrancus_fw-la tenuit_fw-la mellinge_n &_o est_fw-la in_o rape_n de_fw-fr pevensel_n t._n r._n e._n defend_v se_fw-la pro_fw-la quater_fw-la xx_o hide_v sed_fw-la modo_fw-la non_fw-la habet_fw-la archiepiscopus_fw-la nisi_fw-la lxxv_o hidas_fw-la quia_fw-la comes_fw-la moretonii_fw-la habet_fw-la five_o hidas_fw-la extra_fw-la hund_n terra_fw-la totius_fw-la manner_n l_o car._n in_o dominio_fw-la sunt_fw-la five_o car._n &_o cc_o &_o nineteeen_o villain_n cum_fw-la twenty-five_o bord._n habent_fw-la two_o habent_fw-la here_o â—_o shall_v think_v car._n signify_v plough_n and_o not_o the_o quantity_n of_o land_n the_o quantity_n of_o carucate_n differ_v some_o time_n a_o carucate_n may_v be_v so_o large_a as_o one_o plough_n can_v not_o till_o and_o sometime_o so_o small_a as_o one_o plough_n may_v till_o two_o lxxiii_o car._n &_o xliii_o crofto_n archbishop_n lanfranc_n hold_v mellinge_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n it_o be_v tax_v for_o fourscore_o hide_n etc._n etc._n the_o terra_n the_o that_o be_v the_o arable_a land_n which_o be_v always_o in_o this_o survey_n call_v simple_o terra_n land_n of_o the_o whole_a manner_n be_v fifty_o carucate_n there_o be_v in_o demeasn_a five_o car._n and_o two_o hundred_o nineteen_o villain_n with_o thirty_o five_o bordar_n they_o have_v seventy_o three_o carucate_n or_o plough_n and_o forty_o three_o crofts_n in_o this_o whole_a county_n few_o or_o no_o other_o but_o villain_n bordar_n and_o servant_n and_o in_o dominio_fw-la as_o in_fw-la kent_n so_o in_o sudrie_n hantescire_fw-la and_o the_o isle_n of_o with_o as_o in_o kent_n and_o sussex_n villain_n bordar_n and_o servant_n only_o in_o dominio_fw-la so_o berchescire_fw-la as_o sudrie_n sudsexe_n and_o hantescire_fw-la few_o or_o no_o other_o beside_o villain_n bordar_n and_o servant_n in_o dominio_fw-la except_o owner_n of_o town_n lord_n of_o manner_n and_o other_o that_o hold_v in_o military_a service_n either_o in_o capite_fw-la or_o by_o mean_a tenure_n and_o religious_a wiltescire_fw-la â—_o wiltescire_fw-la ibiâ—_n fol._n 6â—_n a._n col._n â—_o terra_fw-la regis_fw-la rex_fw-la
ad_fw-la geld._n ibi_fw-la modo_fw-la in_o dominio_fw-la two_o car._n &_o xxvii_o sochmani_n de_fw-fr two_o car._n &_o three_o bovat_n huius_fw-la terrae_fw-la &_o viij_o villani_n &_o xx_o bordar_n habentes_fw-la fourteen_o caruc_fw-la in_o colingham_n the_o abbot_n of_o peterburgh_n have_v four_o carucate_n of_o land_n which_o he_o rent_n out_o there_o be_v now_o in_o demeasn_a two_o carucate_n and_o twenty_o seven_o socman_n that_o have_v two_o carucate_n and_o three_o bovate_v of_o this_o arable_a and_o eight_o villain_n and_o twenty_o bordar_n that_o have_v fourteen_o carucate_n in_o this_o shire_n the_o entry_n of_o the_o ordinary_a inhabitant_n throughout_o be_v in_o dominio_fw-la socmen_fw-la villain_n bordar_n as_o in_o derby_n shire_n the_o socman_n general_o hold_v small_a parcel_n of_o land_n as_o half_a a_o carucate_n a_o bovate_v etc._n etc._n roteland_n scire_fw-la as_o snotingham-scire_a eurvic_n scire_fw-la in_o this_o title_n this_o see_v domesday_n for_o this_o title_n shire_n the_o entry_n be_v general_o as_o to_o person_n in_o dominio_fw-la sunt_fw-la villain_n bordar_n sochman_n and_o habet_fw-la as_o rex_fw-la habet_fw-la servant_n socman_n villain_n bordar_n seldom_o any_o other_o except_z as_o before_o except_v in_o kent_n sussex_n surrey_n etc._n etc._n in_o all_o county_n of_o england_n who_o land_n soever_o it_o be_v whether_o it_o be_v the_o king_n land_n church_n land_n or_o possess_v by_o earl_n baron_n knight_n or_o other_o military_a and_o secular_a man_n in_o every_o town_n and_o place_n these_o sort_n of_o man_n be_v the_o county_n the_o note_v that_o whereas_o it_o be_v say_v in_o the_o glossary_a to_o my_o introduction_n etc._n etc._n that_o in_o every_o leaf_n and_o almost_o every_o entry_n upon_o that_o leaf_n in_o domesday_n socman_n and_o freemen_n be_v to_o be_v find_v it_o prove_v a_o mistake_n for_o upon_o a_o second_o and_o three_o perusal_n of_o the_o great_a book_n especial_o the_o person_n and_o inhabitant_n of_o town_n and_o village_n be_v such_o as_o i_o have_v here_o note_v in_o every_o county_n inhabitant_n and_o those_o that_o occupy_v use_v or_o manage_v the_o land_n under_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o town_n or_o lord_n of_o manner_n who_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n immediate_o or_o mediate_o as_o appear_v by_o this_o survey_n or_o great_a record_n by_o which_o it_o be_v most_o evident_a that_o most_o of_o the_o land_n in_o england_n be_v hold_v by_o military_a service_n or_o serjeanty_n and_o in_o villanage_n of_o those_o military_a tenant_n and_o tenant_n in_o serjeanty_n for_o all_o these_o person_n of_o divers_a denomination_n which_o afterward_o receive_v other_o and_o few_o name_n be_v but_o several_a sort_n of_o villain_n as_o will_n hereafter_o appear_v in_o the_o glossary_a and_o hold_v their_o land_n by_o base_a and_o servile_a tenor_n there_o be_v at_o the_o time_n of_o make_v the_o survey_n no_o free_a socage_n if_o there_o have_v it_o will_v have_v be_v enter_v as_o the_o land_n hold_v in_o alodio_n be_v for_o hidage-sake_n nor_o frank_n free_a that_o be_v land_n hold_v without_o performance_n of_o any_o service_n such_o as_o we_o now_o call_v most_o of_o our_o freehold_n unless_o some_o small_a parcel_n that_o belong_v to_o some_o parish_n church_n especial_o in_o suffolk_n which_o be_v call_v terra_fw-la libera_fw-la or_o burgage-tenure_n or_o the_o land_n hold_v in_o alodio_n in_o king_n edward_n time_n or_o afterward_o be_v such_o of_o which_o there_o be_v here_o and_o there_o a_o town_n or_o manner_n a_o hide_n or_o carucate_v etc._n etc._n so_o hold_v in_o the_o survey_n i_o will_v give_v one_o instance_n of_o it_o hantescire_fw-la 1._o hantescire_fw-la domâ—sday_n f._n 50._o a._n col._n 1._o tainorum_fw-la regis_fw-la alwi_n filius_fw-la saulf_n tenet_fw-la de_fw-fr rege_fw-la tederleg_n pater_fw-la ejus_fw-la tenuit_fw-la in_o alodio_n de_fw-la rege_fw-la edwardo_n tunc_fw-la &_o modo_fw-la geld._n pro_fw-la three_o hid._n terra_fw-la est_fw-la four_o carucat_fw-la in_o dominio_fw-la sunt_fw-la duae_fw-la &_o two_o villani_n et_fw-la ix_o bordar_n cum_fw-la two_o caruc_fw-la ibi_fw-la two_o molin_n de_fw-fr xxvii_o sol_fw-la et_fw-fr vi_o d._n et_fw-la xxvi_o acr_n prati_fw-la silu._n the_o thirty_o porc._n valuit_fw-la lx_o sol_fw-la modo_fw-la xl_o alwi_n the_o son_n of_o saulf_n hold_v tederley_n of_o the_o king_n his_o father_n hold_v it_o as_o alodium_n frank_n fee_n or_o free-land_n then_o and_o now_o it_o be_v and_o be_v tax_v for_o three_o 1._o three_o alodium_n always_o pay_v hidage_n as_o other_o land_n see_v alodium_n in_o in_o the_o glossary_a to_o my_o introduction_n f._n 1._o hide_n the_o arable_a land_n be_v four_o carucate_n there_o be_v two_o in_o demeasn_a and_o two_o villain_n and_o nine_o bordar_n with_o other_o two_o there_o be_v two_o mill_n rent_v at_o 27_o s._n 6_o d._n and_o twenty_o six_o acre_n of_o meadow_n wood_n for_o thirty_o hog_n it_o be_v worth_a sixty_o shilling_n now_o forty_o this_o alwi_n be_v one_o of_o the_o king_n ordinary_a thanes_z or_o servant_n and_o hold_v this_o town_n in_o serjeanty_n which_o may_v be_v consistent_a enough_o with_o the_o tenure_n in_o alodio_n and_o such_o land_n be_v now_o repute_v freehold_n but_o these_o be_v not_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o socman_n villain_n bordar_n cotar_n servant_n and_o the_o like_a nor_o be_v many_o of_o they_o in_o their_o own_o hand_n as_o we_o may_v phrase_n it_o or_o in_o their_o own_o power_n for_o such_o as_o be_v in_o dominio_fw-la and_o in_o most_o place_n it_o be_v so_o be_v the_o lord_n proper_a man_n whole_o under_o his_o power_n and_o disposal_n both_o in_o body_n and_o good_n except_o life_n and_o death_n and_o be_v fix_v to_o the_o manner_n so_o as_o they_o can_v not_o remove_v themselves_o out_o of_o the_o precinct_n of_o it_o without_o his_o leave_n these_o sort_n of_o men_n ingulph_n in_o the_o latin_a version_n of_o king_n edreds_n charter_n to_o the_o abbat_n and_o monk_n of_o croyland_n call_v nativi_fw-la a_o word_n afterward_o use_v with_o we_o the_o worst_a sort_n of_o villain_n and_o bondman_n et_fw-la praecipio_fw-la quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la homines_fw-la fugitivi_n quos_fw-la iidem_fw-la monachi_fw-la &_o testimonium_fw-la quatuor_fw-la vel_fw-la quinque_fw-la hominum_fw-la fide-dignorum_a coram_fw-la vicecomite_n in_fw-la patria_fw-la in_fw-la qua_fw-la tale_n manent_fw-la possunt_fw-la assidare_fw-la suos_fw-la nativos_fw-la esse_fw-la reducantur_fw-la per_fw-la eundem_fw-la vicecomitem_fw-la in_fw-la abbathiam_fw-la eorum_fw-la cum_fw-la omnibus_fw-la catallis_fw-la &_o sequelis_fw-la eorum_fw-la omnium_fw-la reclamatione_fw-la &_o reluctatione_n abinde_v remota_fw-la &_o annullata_fw-la and_o i_o command_v that_o all_o fugitive_n which_o the_o monk_n and_o four_o or_o five_o credible_a witness_n can_v prove_v be_v their_o native_n that_o be_v bear_v bondman_n before_o the_o sheriff_n of_o the_o county_n where_o such_o fugitive_n be_v they_o shall_v be_v bring_v or_o send_v back_o to_o the_o abbey_n with_o all_o their_o good_n and_o child_n without_o let_v or_o hindrance_n of_o any_o man._n this_o charter_n bear_v date_n in_o the_o year_n 988_o and_o show_v the_o condition_n of_o bondman_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n and_o hereafter_o we_o shall_v see_v what_o they_o be_v after_o the_o conquest_n when_o their_o name_n be_v change_v as_o by_o the_o glossary_a will_v more_o at_o large_a appear_v to_o which_o i_o shall_v refer_v the_o reader_n for_o the_o knowledge_n of_o their_o condition_n likewise_o and_o how_o many_o way_n that_o may_v be_v better_v and_o change_v shall_v be_v our_o next_o inquiry_n these_o bondman_n or_o people_n of_o servile_a condition_n might_n and_o do_v procure_v the_o freedom_n of_o their_o person_n 5._o person_n glanvil_n lib._n 5_o c._n 5._o several_a way_n first_o by_o the_o favour_n of_o their_o lord_n or_o patron_n if_o he_o release_v their_o bondage_n for_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n freedom_n the_o first_o of_o obtain_v freedom_n or_o do_v give_v or_o sell_v he_o to_o another_o to_o be_v release_v but_o no_o bondman_n can_v purchase_v his_o liberty_n with_o his_o own_o money_n if_o he_o do_v his_o lord_n may_v by_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o land_n bring_v he_o back_o again_o into_o villeinage_n because_o all_o his_o good_n and_o chattel_n be_v his_o lord_n or_o so_o in_o his_o power_n that_o with_o they_o he_o can_v not_o redeem_v himself_o but_o if_o a_o stranger_n will_v purchase_v he_o with_o his_o own_o money_n and_o make_v he_o free_a than_o he_o may_v for_o ever_o defend_v his_o liberty_n against_o his_o lord_n and_o plead_v his_o release_n by_o chart_n that_o be_v his_o deed_n in_o write_v or_o by_o any_o other_o way_n the_o law_n allow_v and_o trial_n by_o duel_n be_v allow_v in_o this_o case_n after_o he_o be_v a_o freeman_n if_o any_o one_o that_o see_v he_o make_v free_a will_v be_v his_o champion_n and_o come_v into_o court_n and_o assert_v and_o prove_v his_o liberty_n by_o his_o body_n yet_o ibid._n yet_o ibid._n
such_o a_o freedom_n as_o this_o be_v only_o good_a against_o his_o lord_n for_o if_o he_o be_v produce_v as_o a_o witness_n in_o court_n against_o a_o stranger_n or_o to_o wage_v law_n he_o may_v object_v against_o he_o that_o he_o be_v bear_v a_o villain_n that_o be_v descend_v from_o bond_n or_o villain_n parent_n and_o if_o it_o be_v prove_v he_o may_v just_o be_v set_v aside_o although_o he_o be_v make_v free_a by_o knighthood_n free_n the_o second_o way_n of_o be_v make_v free_n which_o be_v a_o second_o way_n of_o redeem_v man_n from_o servitude_n a_o three_o way_n be_v way_n the_o three_o way_n ibid._n way_n ibid._n if_o a_o bondman_n live_v quiet_o a_o year_n and_o day_n in_o any_o privilege_a town_n so_o as_o he_o be_v receive_v into_o the_o common_a way_n common_a that_o be_v be_v either_o alderman_n of_o common-council-man_n for_o the_o magistrate_n and_o chief_a citizen_n be_v proper_o the_o gilled_a or_o corporation_n and_o transact_v the_o the_o affair_n of_o corporation_n the_o four_o way_n gilled_a as_o a_o member_n of_o it_o that_o make_v he_o free_a from_o villeinage_n a_o four_o way_n be_v by_o exchange_n when_o base_a and_o vile_a service_n be_v turn_v into_o rent_n and_o that_o be_v advance_v and_o pay_v pro_fw-la omni_fw-la servicio_fw-la this_o put_v the_o villain_n out_o of_o all_o servitude_n especial_o as_o to_o his_o own_o person_n for_o if_o the_o lord_n have_v no_o service_n to_o command_v he_o but_o the_o payment_n of_o his_o rent_n he_o be_v free_a this_o be_v co-incident_a with_o the_o first_o way_n by_o purchase_n and_o favour_n and_o that_o there_o be_v many_o manumit_v by_o grace_n and_o favour_n of_o their_o lord_n conditional_o at_o least_o upon_o their_o desire_n to_o serve_v they_o in_o the_o army_n it_o can_v be_v doubt_v by_o any_o man_n that_o do_v consider_v the_o usurpation_n of_o william_n rufus_n and_o henry_n the_o first_o upon_o their_o elder_a brother_n robert_n and_o the_o long_a civil_a war_n that_o attend_v they_o the_o usurpation_n of_o king_n stephen_n upon_o maud_n the_o empress_n and_o her_o son_n king_n henry_n the_o second_o and_o eighteen_o year_n war_n between_o they_o and_o the_o war_n and_o difference_n between_o king_n henry_n the_o second_o and_o his_o son_n henry_n the_o baron_n war_n in_o the_o reign_v of_o king_n john_n and_o henry_n the_o three_o but_o that_o the_o baron_n and_o military_a man_n and_o the_o bishop_n and_o clergy_n do_v manumise_v and_o make_v free_a many_o of_o their_o client_n bondman_n and_o villain_n and_o do_v make_v their_o tenor_n more_o easy_a to_o draw_v and_o fix_v they_o to_o their_o interest_n and_o party_n last_o time_n and_o desuetude_n have_v make_v the_o most_o free_a way_n the_o last_o way_n villeinage_n at_o this_o day_n be_v rather_o antiquate_v and_o disuse_v than_o null_v and_o take_v away_o by_o law_n for_o when_o freeman_n or_o customary_a tenant_n grow_v wealthy_a and_o able_a to_o stock_n a_o good_a parcel_n of_o land_n themselves_o or_o be_v of_o such_o credit_n as_o the_o lord_n can_v trust_v they_o with_o their_o stock_n they_o then_o turn_v their_o land_n into_o farm_n and_o instead_o of_o work_n and_o service_n reserve_v rend_v in_o money_n corn_n or_o otherwise_o and_o leave_v the_o improvement_n to_o the_o farmer_n who_o take_v to_o his_o own_o use_n what_o he_o can_v make_v more_o of_o his_o farm_n than_o he_o pay_v to_o the_o proprietor_n so_o that_o the_o lord_n have_v no_o need_n or_o use_v for_o so_o many_o customary_a tenant_n to_o plough_n their_o land_n etc._n etc._n cotar_n servile_a people_n and_o poor_a people_n the_o labourer_n in_o our_o â—imes_n be_v gentleman_n in_o â—espect_n of_o â—hose_n wretched_a people_n miserable_a laborer_n as_o before_o and_o they_o be_v glad_a to_o work_v for_o small_a wage_n little_o more_o perhaps_o than_o for_o meat_n and_o drink_n rather_o than_o to_o be_v under_o immediate_a servitude_n to_o their_o lord_n for_o it_o can_v be_v think_v though_o their_o servitude_n as_o to_o the_o correction_n or_o their_o body_n and_o other_o severity_n be_v lessen_v but_o that_o still_o they_o remain_v in_o a_o servile_a state_n and_o that_o the_o lord_n common_o turn_v over_o their_o work_n to_o their_o farmer_n who_o look_v better_o after_o they_o than_o they_o can_v do_v and_o see_v they_o labour_v more_o and_o loiter_v less_o yet_o if_o they_o otherwise_o use_v they_o inhumane_o or_o make_v their_o condition_n such_o as_o may_v not_o be_v endure_v without_o extreme_a misery_n they_o have_v a_o remedy_n against_o these_o by_o law_n which_o they_o can_v not_o have_v against_o their_o lord_n and_o in_o time_n and_o by_o degree_n they_o insensible_o creep_v into_o more_o liberty_n as_o there_o be_v less_o occasion_n for_o their_o service_n and_o at_o length_n perhaps_o it_o be_v almost_o as_o much_o trouble_n to_o look_v after_o they_o as_o their_o work_n be_v worth_a by_o which_o mean_v villeinage_n become_v more_o and_o more_o easy_a until_o at_o last_o it_o be_v almost_o wear_v out_o and_o not_o regard_v and_o many_o small_a victual_n rent_n fowl_n capon_n hen_n egg_n etc._n etc._n and_o small_a rent_n in_o money_n pence_n halfpence_n farthing_n half-farthing_n that_o the_o poor_a villain_n pay_v be_v neglect_a and_o lose_v and_o the_o way_n and_o manner_n of_o live_v of_o the_o nobility_n gentry_n and_o proprietor_n quite_o alter_v and_o change_v and_o more_o within_o the_o last_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o year_n than_o in_o all_o the_o time_n after_o the_o conquest_n for_o since_o foreign_a trade_n commerce_n and_o merchandise_v have_v so_o much_o increase_v the_o delicacy_n softness_n pride_n and_o luxury_n of_o the_o people_n have_v proportionable_o grow_v up_o with_o they_o and_o be_v at_o first_o in_o a_o great_a measure_n bring_v into_o this_o nation_n with_o they_o but_o all_o this_o freedom_n obtain_v by_o bondman_n or_o the_o freedom_n of_o other_o who_o be_v bear_v free_a and_o be_v heir_n to_o or_o have_v purchase_v a_o small_a parcel_n of_o land_n of_o socage_n tenure_n that_o be_v privilege_v from_o service_n be_v only_o personal_a they_o be_v not_o indeed_o bondman_n as_o to_o their_o person_n they_o be_v free_a from_o servile_a work_n and_o service_n or_o if_o they_o perform_v any_o as_o many_o of_o they_o do_v they_o be_v know_v certain_a and_o easy_a they_o neither_o have_v nor_o pretend_v to_o for_o several_a hundred_o of_o year_n that_o liberty_n nor_o those_o now_o esteem_a privilege_n than_o think_v burden_n which_o those_o sort_n of_o man_n be_v possess_v of_o and_o now_o enjoy_v for_o first_o though_o their_o person_n and_o issue_n of_o their_o body_n be_v free_a from_o servile_a work_n and_o they_o be_v not_o bondman_n which_o be_v the_o only_a and_o true_a notion_n of_o those_o freeman_n in_o those_o time_n yet_o they_o be_v not_o all_o together_o svi_fw-la juris_fw-la for_o as_o to_o the_o government_n and_o for_o the_o keep_n of_o the_o king_n peace_n all_o the_o freeman_n or_o people_n in_o england_n be_v bondman_n either_o in_o their_o own_o person_n or_o by_o their_o fidejussor_n and_o such_o as_o undertake_v for_o they_o and_o be_v throughout_o be_v ll._n etheâ—red_v in_o lambard_n c._n 1._o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la c._n 35._o bracton_n p._n 124._o b._n briton_n c._n 29._o p_o 72._o b._n &_o p_o 73._o b._n the_o glossary_a to_o my_o introduction_n etc._n etc._n f._n 55._o f._n and_o f._n 56._o throughout_o bind_v ten_o master_n of_o family_n one_o for_o another_o for_o their_o own_o keep_v the_o peace_n and_o good_a behaviour_n as_o likewise_o for_o their_o child_n servant_n and_o family_n except_o clere_n knight_n or_o tenant_n in_o military_a service_n their_o wife_n and_o child_n and_o these_o man_n so_o bind_v be_v call_v free_a plege_n and_o perhaps_o this_o old_a law_n be_v not_o so_o much_o out_o of_o force_n but_o that_o sheriff_n in_o their_o turn_v and_o lord_n of_o manner_n in_o their_o leet_n may_v put_v it_o in_o practice_n if_o there_o shall_v be_v necessity_n of_o do_v it_o second_o the_o serve_v on_o jury_n at_o the_o assize_n and_o session_n and_o that_o and_o their_o suit_n and_o service_n to_o or_o in_o county_n and_o hundred_o court_n which_o now_o be_v account_v a_o great_a privilege_n and_o their_o birthrights_a when_o they_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o do_v mischief_n be_v in_o the_o time_n we_o write_v of_o esteem_v a_o burden_n from_o which_o all_o tenant_n in_o ancient_a demeasn_n be_v free_a by_o tenure_n all_o or_o most_o abbey_n and_o monastery_n by_o charter_n and_o many_o particular_a 3._o particular_a stat._n of_o malebourh_n c._n 4.52_o hen._n 3._o person_n as_o knight_n and_o other_o purchase_v of_o the_o king_n charter_n of_o exemption_n from_o be_v empanel_v in_o assize_n jury_n and_o inquest_n which_o they_o will_v not_o have_v do_v have_v they_o
feoffment_n be_v read_v and_o 12._o and_o braâ—ton_n p._n 38._o a._n n._n 12._o grant_v before_o the_o county_n or_o hundred_o and_o there_o witness_v public_o by_o thomas_n of_o such_o a_o town_n john_n of_o another_o richard_z of_o a_o three_o henry_n of_o a_o four_o james_z of_o a_o five_o cum_fw-la multis_fw-la aliis_fw-la with_o many_o other_o that_o be_v suitor_n at_o those_o court_n and_o they_o be_v then_o many_o indeed_o for_o beside_o those_o that_o be_v suitor_n by_o tenure_n and_o hold_v land_n by_o performance_n of_o such_o service_n all_o other_o that_o be_v resident_n within_o the_o county_n or_o hundred_o and_o capable_a of_o do_v it_o perform_v their_o suit_n to_o the_o county_n or_o hundred_o as_o a_o 8._o a_o ibid._n p._n 37._o a._n n._n 8._o service_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n for_o preserve_a peace_n and_o justice_n when_o estate_n pass_v thus_o by_o the_o donor_n or_o feoffor_a to_o the_o donee_n or_o feoffee_n and_o livery_n or_o delivery_n be_v make_v and_o seisin_n or_o possession_n give_v in_o the_o presence_n of_o tenant_n of_o the_o same_o manner_n or_o as_o the_o feudal_n law_n call_v they_o pares_fw-la curiae_fw-la part_n curiae_fw-la sir_n edward_n coke_n in_o the_o epistle_n to_o his_o eight_o report_n say_v trial_n by_o juries_n be_v a_o invincible_a argument_n of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o common_a law_n to_o which_o they_o be_v appropriate_v but_o if_o we_o receive_v the_o trial_n by_o juries_n or_o pares_fw-la curiae_fw-la with_o the_o feudal_n law_n we_o have_v great_a reason_n to_o say_v the_o common_a law_n be_v either_o derive_v from_o that_o or_o receive_v this_o way_n of_o trial_n from_o it_o liâ—_n inter_fw-la dvos_fw-la vasallos_n per_fw-la dominum_fw-la inter_fw-la vasallum_fw-la &_o dominum_fw-la per_fw-la curiam_fw-la parium_n disceptanda_fw-la est_fw-la per_fw-la pares_fw-la coram_fw-la dominum_fw-la juraâ—os_fw-la a_o controversy_n between_o two_o vassal_n be_v to_o be_v determine_v by_o the_o lord_n by_o peer_n swear_v before_o he_o between_o the_o lord_n and_o a_o vassal_n by_o the_o court_n of_o peer_n hottom_n in_o lib._n 2._o feud_n col._n 757._o e._n vasallus_fw-la ob_fw-la qùodvis_fw-la capitale_n facinus_fw-la feudo_fw-la mulctatur_fw-la sic_fw-la tamen_fw-la ut_fw-la causa_fw-la priùs_fw-la disceptetur_fw-la parium_n judicio_fw-la idem_fw-la de_fw-la feud_n discuâ—_n col._n 886._o b._n statuimus_fw-la ut_fw-la nullus_fw-la miles_n sine_fw-la certa_fw-la &_o convicta_fw-la culpa_fw-la suum_fw-la beneficium_fw-la perdat_fw-la nisi_fw-la secundum_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la antecessorum_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la &_o judicium_fw-la parium_n suorum_fw-la ll._n longobard_fw-mi lib._n 3._o tit._n 8._o l._n 4._o he_o that_o desire_v to_o know_v more_o of_o the_o affinity_n between_o our_o ancient_a law_n and_o the_o feudal_n law_n let_v he_o read_v dr._n zouch_v his_o description_n of_o the_o temporal_a law_n and_o judgement_n according_a to_o the_o feudal_n and_o norman_a custom_n and_o in_o particular_a for_o trial_n by_o juries_n etc._n etc._n section_n the_o five_o of_o the_o three_o part_n peer_n of_o the_o same_o court_n or_o of_o the_o most_o substantial_a person_n near_a the_o place_n than_o man_n be_v as_o secure_v of_o these_o estate_n as_o of_o copy-holds_a now_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v that_o a_o writ_n of_o right_o be_v ancient_o direct_v to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o manner_n of_o which_o the_o land_n be_v hold_v to_o do_v the_o demandant_n right_o in_o his_o court_n as_o the_o most_o ready_a secure_a and_o quick_a way_n of_o justice_n for_o either_o the_o tenant_n of_o the_o manner_n know_v the_o possession_n who_o it_o be_v and_o how_o obtain_v whether_o by_o descent_n or_o donation_n or_o it_o be_v enter_v in_o the_o lord_n court_n roll_n or_o book_n from_o who_o and_o to_o who_o alienate_v for_o the_o security_n of_o his_o free_a rent_n and_o relief_n and_o the_o lord_n can_v not_o lose_v his_o court_n that_o be_v the_o trial_n and_o judgement_n who_o estate_n it_o be_v and_o whether_o the_o demandant_n or_o possessor_n have_v most_o right_o to_o it_o if_o he_o fail_v not_o in_o do_v justice_n and_o in_o such_o case_n it_o be_v remove_v to_o the_o county_n and_o if_o need_n be_v from_o thence_o to_o the_o king_n court_n or_o many_o time_n immediate_o into_o that_o but_o afterward_o when_o the_o scholastic_a and_o dilatory_a method_n of_o the_o caesarean_a and_o canon_n law_n 30._o law_n flor._n wigorn_n f._n 671._o orderic_n vit._n f._n 919._o b._n gervas_n act._n pont._n cant._n col._n 1665._o n._n 30._o about_o the_o year_n 1139_o and_o 1145._o by_o the_o encouragement_n of_o archbishop_n theobald_n and_o other_o bishop_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n stephen_n be_v introduce_v public_o read_v and_o mix_v with_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o feudal_n or_o national_a law_n with_o design_n to_o over-rule_v and_o baffle_v it_o than_o all_o the_o plainness_n of_o it_o cease_v quick_a justice_n be_v lay_v aside_o and_o all_o the_o invention_n art_n delay_n and_o subtlety_n of_o the_o other_o be_v introduce_v by_o the_o canonist_n and_o schoolman_n that_o practise_v it_o and_o become_v almost_o as_o fine_a and_o subtle_a as_o school_n divinity_n itself_o which_o then_o and_o afterward_o be_v follow_v as_o the_o best_a example_n of_o notion_n distinction_n division_n and_o nicety_n to_o all_o learned_a author_n and_o writer_n in_o every_o science_n this_o be_v clear_a from_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o work_n of_o glanville_n and_o bracton_n who_o write_v within_o a_o hundred_o year_n one_o of_o another_o how_o plain_a easie_n short_a and_o open_o be_v the_o first_o how_o intricate_a involve_v subtle_a and_o nice_a the_o second_o how_o much_o be_v the_o bulk_n and_o dilatory_a practice_n of_o the_o law_n within_o that_o time_n increase_v by_o art_n new_a suggestion_n and_o invention_n never_o before_o think_v of_o the_o judge_n be_v then_o most_o if_o not_o all_o either_o clergyman_n or_o professor_n of_o the_o caesarean_a and_o canon_n law_n and_o most_o frequent_o advance_v by_o ecclesiastic_a preferment_n and_o the_o pleader_n or_o lawyer_n be_v monk_n who_o read_v in_o their_o cell_n or_o monastery_n and_o abroad_o out_o of_o they_o and_o explain_v those_o law_n until_o prohibit_v by_o several_a pope_n from_o meddle_v with_o that_o practice_n and_o also_o secular_a affair_n i_o be_o in_o a_o large_a field_n but_o must_v leave_v it_o and_o shall_v conclude_v this_o preface_n with_o the_o interpretation_n of_o some_o few_o word_n use_v in_o it_o and_o one_o or_o two_o of_o they_o in_o the_o history_n bordarii_fw-la see_v the_o history_n f._n 206._o e._n they_o be_v drudge_n and_o perform_v vile_a service_n which_o be_v reserve_v by_o the_o lord_n upon_o a_o poor_a little_a house_n and_o a_o small_a parcel_n of_o land_n and_o may_v perhaps_o be_v domestic_a work_n such_o as_o grind_n thresh_a draw_v water_n cut_v wood_n etc._n etc._n or_o if_o they_o be_v the_o same_o with_o cotarii_fw-la we_o shall_v afterward_o see_v their_o particular_a service_n see_v spelman_n in_o the_o word_n and_o due_a fresne_n in_o the_o word_n borda_n borderia_n bordagium_fw-la bordelaria_fw-la a_o tenure_n ancient_o very_o frequent_a in_o many_o part_n in_o france_n commendati_fw-la commendatio_fw-la commendati_fw-la be_v such_o as_o live_v under_o the_o protection_n of_o some_o great_a man_n lord_n or_o patron_n who_o undertake_v to_o secure_v their_o estate_n and_o person_n for_o which_o protection_n and_o security_n they_o pay_v he_o a_o annual_a stipend_n or_o perfome_v some_o annual_a service_n commendatio_fw-la be_v the_o safeguard_v or_o protection_n itself_o and_o be_v the_o same_o with_o tutamen_fw-la and_o salvamentum_fw-la and_o many_o time_n it_o signify_v the_o annual_a rent_n pay_v for_o such_o security_n and_o protection_n see_v du_n fresne_n glossary_n in_o the_o word_n beside_o the_o commendati_fw-la there_o be_v dimidii_fw-la commendati_fw-la according_a to_o the_o latin_a of_o domesday_n book_n in_o cotetuna_fw-la tenuit_fw-la teit_fw-mi commendatus_fw-la dimidius_fw-la edrico_fw-la praeposito_fw-la regis_fw-la &_o dimidius_fw-la commendatus_fw-la antecessori_fw-la malet_n etc._n etc._n little_a domesday_n book_n f._n 322._o b._n this_o teit_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n have_v two_o protector_n edric_n the_o king_n reeve_n and_o the_o predecessor_n of_o robert_n malet_n and_o pay_v half_o the_o annual_a rent_n for_o his_o protection_n to_o one_o and_o half_a to_o the_o other_o and_o beside_o these_o there_o be_v sub-commendati_a such_o as_o be_v commendati_fw-la under_o commendati_fw-la that_o be_v servants_z under_o they_o or_o such_o as_o have_v dependence_n on_o they_o and_o be_v also_o under_o the_o protection_n and_o security_n of_o their_o patron_n and_o dimidii_fw-la sub-commendati_a such_o as_o in_o like_a manner_n be_v under_o the_o dimidii_fw-la commendati_fw-la and_o have_v two_o patron_n or_o protector_n and_o the_o same_o as_o they_o have_v in_o parvo_fw-la thornham_n two_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la unus_fw-la eorum_fw-la fuit_fw-la commendatus_fw-la
controversy_n about_o investiture_n inter_fw-la regnum_fw-la &_o sacerdotium_fw-la between_o the_o secular_a and_o ecclesiastic_a government_n or_o between_o the_o emperor_n henry_n the_o four_o and_o pope_n hildebrand_n otherwise_o gregory_n the_o seven_o and_o pope_n paschal_n the_o second_o let_v he_o see_v william_n of_o malmsbury_n who_o live_v at_o the_o same_o time_n f._n 60._o b._n n._n 10._o f._n 61._o a._n n._n 30_o etc._n etc._n f._n 93._o b._n n._n 40._o f._n 94_o a._n b._n etc._n etc._n and_o juret_n observation_n upon_o ivo_n carnotensis_n his_o epistle_n print_v at_o paris_n 1610._o p._n 740._o upon_o the_o 233d_o epistle_n and_o p._n 744._o upon_o the_o 236th_o epistle_n the_o decree_n and_o canon_n be_v the_o foundation_n of_o the_o pope_n provision_n and_o donation_n of_o bishopric_n and_o ecclesiastic_a live_n afterward_o in_o all_o nation_n but_o especial_o this_o libertas_n ecclesiastica_fw-la the_o right_n of_o investiture_n be_v a_o main_a part_n of_o that_o which_o the_o clergy_n call_v church-liberty_n but_o by_o it_o they_o understand_v and_o contend_v for_o a_o freedom_n of_o their_o person_n possession_n and_o good_n from_o all_o secular_a power_n and_o jurisdiction_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o canon_n and_o decree_n of_o the_o council_n hold_v by_o boniface_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n at_o merton_n a._n d._n 1258._o and_o confirm_v by_o another_o hold_v at_o london_n a._n d._n 1260_o or_o 1261._o as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o the_o church_n story_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o servi_n do_v every_o where_o occur_v in_o domesday_n book_n and_o no_o doubt_n but_o their_o condition_n be_v worse_a than_o that_o of_o the_o bordarii_n see_v the_o first_o part_n of_o the_o saxon_a history_n f._n 82._o b._n and_o f._n 83._o and_o the_o life_n of_o william_n the_o first_o f._n 206._o f._n these_o be_v of_o four_o sort_n such_o as_o sell_v themselves_o for_o a_o livelihood_n debtor_n that_o can_v not_o pay_v their_o debt_n captive_n in_o war_n or_o nativi_fw-la such_o as_o be_v bear_v servant_n or_o slave_n they_o wrought_v at_o any_o time_n and_o do_v what_o their_o lord_n command_v they_o their_o person_n child_n and_o good_n be_v the_o lord_n they_o can_v not_o marry_v but_o with_o those_o of_o equal_a condition_n they_o can_v not_o make_v their_o will_n or_o dispose_v of_o their_o good_n if_o they_o have_v any_o whatever_o they_o get_v by_o labour_n be_v the_o the_o lord_n these_o servi_n perhaps_o be_v the_o same_o which_o in_o the_o ancient_n survey_v of_o manner_n be_v afterward_o call_v operarii_fw-la who_o perform_v all_o servile_a and_o incertain_a work_n in_o the_o history_n of_o ely_n p._n 210_o b._n in_o a_o account_n of_o land_n and_o man_n detain_v from_o that_o monastery_n which_o belong_v to_o it_o in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n etc._n etc._n there_o be_v this_o note_a among_o the_o rest_n willielmus_fw-la filius_fw-la gorham_n tenet_fw-la lxxxvi_o homines_fw-la in_o meltuna_fw-la qui_fw-la ita_fw-la proprie_fw-la sunt_fw-la abbati_n ut_fw-la quotiescunque_fw-la praeceperit_fw-la praepositus_fw-la monasterii_fw-la debeut_fw-fr arare_fw-la seminare_fw-la segetes_fw-la purgare_fw-la colligere_fw-la vel_fw-la terere_fw-la equosque_fw-la invenire_fw-la in_o omni_fw-la necessitate_v monasterii_fw-la ire_n &_o omnem_fw-la rei_fw-la emendationem_fw-la persolvere_fw-la &_o si_fw-la quid_fw-la de_fw-fr svo_fw-la voluerint_fw-la venundare_fw-la à _fw-la praeposito_fw-la licentiam_fw-la prius_fw-la debent_fw-la accipere_fw-la these_o be_v either_o servi_n servant_n or_o the_o low_a sort_n of_o bordarii_n or_o socmani_n i_o take_v the_o person_n of_o servant_n to_o have_v be_v always_o obnoxious_a to_o servitude_n soca_fw-mi socmanni_n socagium_fw-la soca_fw-mi soc._n general_o signify_v liberty_n or_o privilege_n fleta_n lib._n 1._o c._n 47._o say_v soca_fw-la significat_fw-la libertatem_fw-la curiae_fw-la tenentium_fw-la quam_fw-la socam_fw-la appellamus_fw-la soak_v signify_v the_o liberty_n of_o tenant_n of_o a_o court_n and_o it_o differ_v from_o saca_n because_o that_o be_v a_o liberty_n give_v to_o any_o one_o of_o hold_v plea_n and_o try_v cause_n and_o also_o of_o receive_v the_o mulct_n and_o forfeiture_n come_v from_o they_o within_o his_o soak_v or_o jurisdiction_n and_o come_v from_o the_o saxon_a face_n or_o german_a sack_n a_o cause_n controversy_n or_o accusation_n sometime_o it_o signify_v a_o territory_n or_o precinct_n in_o which_o saca_n or_o liberty_n of_o court_n or_o trial_n be_v exercise_v sometime_o it_o signify_v a_o payment_n westfelda_n etc._n etc._n huic_fw-la manerio_fw-la adjacent_a t._n r._n e._n thirty_o acr_n terrae_fw-la quas_fw-la tenebat_fw-la presbyter_n in_fw-la eleemosyna_fw-la &_o reddebat_fw-la socham_n i.e._n he_o pay_v rend_v little_a domesday_n book_n f._n 4._o a._n writelan_n etc._n etc._n ibi_fw-la dimid_n hid._n libere_fw-la tenet_fw-la 1_o sochman_n reddens_fw-la socam_fw-la in_o manerio_fw-la ibid._n f._n 5._o a._n wirecestrescire_a terra_fw-la episcopi_fw-la hund._n owldestan_n episcopus_fw-la habet_fw-la omnes_fw-la redditiones_n socharum_fw-la etc._n etc._n ad_fw-la manerium_fw-la alvertune_n pertinet_fw-la soca_fw-la harum_fw-la terrarum_fw-la newhuse_v westhuse_n mannebi_n werlegesbi_n and_o nineteen_o other_o farm_n berwite_n or_o small_a village_n and_o then_o it_o follow_v inter_fw-la totum_fw-la sunt_fw-la ad_fw-la geldum_fw-la quater_fw-la viginti_fw-la &_o quinque_fw-la carucat_fw-la quas_fw-la possunt_fw-la arare_fw-la xlv_o caruc_fw-la ibi_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la 116._o sochmani_fw-la modo_fw-la wastum_fw-la est_fw-la the_o soak_v of_o these_o land_n belong_v to_o the_o manner_n of_o alvertun_n etc._n etc._n in_o they_o all_o there_o be_v fourscore_o and_o five_o carucate_n which_o pay_v rend_v which_o forty_o five_o plough_n may_v till_o there_o be_v one_o hundred_o and_o sixteen_o socmans_n now_o the_o manner_n be_v waste_v great_a domesday_n f._n 299._o a._n col._n here_o soca_n signify_v a_o rent_n for_o use_v their_o land_n with_o some_o privilege_n or_o liberty_n in_o the_o description_n of_o many_o town_n at_o the_o late_a end_n rex_fw-la &_o comes_fw-la de_fw-la toto_fw-la habent_fw-la socam_fw-la or_o soca_fw-la regis_fw-la &_o comitis_fw-la the_o king_n have_v two_o part_n and_o the_o earl_n one_o of_o the_o annual_a rent_n for_o liberty_n of_o use_v the_o land_n sudfulc_n f._n 322._o b._n in_o limberge_n clamat_fw-la ivo_n tallebosc_n super_fw-la regem_fw-la vi_fw-la bovat_n terre_fw-fr dicunt_fw-la homines_fw-la comitatus_fw-la quod_fw-la ipse_fw-la debet_fw-la habere_fw-la terram_fw-la &_o rex_fw-la socam_fw-la in_o limberge_n ivo_n tallebosc_n claim_v upon_o the_o king_n six_o bovate_v of_o land_n the_o man_n of_o the_o county_n say_v he_o ought_v to_o have_v the_o land_n and_o the_o king_n the_o soak_v book_n soak_v at_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o great_a domesday_n book_n clamores_fw-la in_o nortrede_n lincoliae_n super_fw-la drogonem_fw-la clamat_fw-la norman_n de_fw-fr adreci_fw-fr tres_fw-fr bovatas_fw-la terrae_fw-la in_o normanbi_fw-la dicit_fw-la wapentachium_n quod_fw-la ipsius_fw-la debet_fw-la esse_fw-la terra_fw-la &_o drogonis_fw-la soca_fw-la ibid._n in_o westtredinge_v in_o both_o these_o place_n here_o be_v the_o land_n and_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o land_n that_o it_o may_v be_v use_v without_o too_o strict_a imposition_n and_o hard_a service_n upon_o it_o and_o for_o this_o protection_n of_o it_o there_o be_v a_o annual_a rent_n pay_v which_o be_v call_v the_o soak_v in_o ristuna_fw-la three_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la vi_fw-la acr_n val_n xuj_o d._n in_o his_o non_fw-la habuit_fw-la baignardus_n nisi_fw-la commendationem_fw-la &_o sanctus_n benedictus_fw-la socam_fw-la invasiones_n in_o nordfulc_n rogerus_fw-la bigot_n tenet_fw-la in_o plicham_n x_o liberos_fw-la homines_fw-la de_fw-la lxxx_o acr_n etc._n etc._n the_o his_o habuit_fw-la suus_fw-la antecessor_n commendationem_fw-la tantum_fw-la &_o stigandus_fw-la super_fw-la unum_fw-la socam_fw-la &_o commendationem_fw-la &_o super_fw-la alios_fw-la socam_fw-la ibid._n hund._n &_o dimid_n de_fw-fr fredebruge_n in_o grestuna_fw-la four_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la xxvi_o acr_n quod_fw-la tenet_fw-la idem_fw-la rogerus_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la &_o val_n four_o sol._n &_o in_o hoc_fw-la non_fw-la habuit_fw-la antecessor_n rogeri_n nisi_fw-la commendationem_fw-la rex_fw-la &_o comes_fw-la socam_fw-la ibid._n hundred_o de_fw-la wanelunt_fw-la in_o dersincham_n 1_o lib._n homo_fw-la twelve_o acr_n val_n twelve_o d._n hoc_fw-la tenet_fw-la petrus_n valoniensis_fw-la de_fw-la hoc_fw-la habuit_fw-la suus_fw-la antecessor_n commendationem_fw-la tantum_fw-la &_o stigandus_fw-la socam_fw-la ibid._n here_o i_o confess_v i_o be_o in_o the_o dark_a for_o it_o be_v clear_a commendation_n and_o soak_v be_v then_o different_a thing_n refer_v to_o the_o same_o thing_n and_o yet_o they_o both_o signify_v privilege_n and_o protection_n for_o which_o those_o that_o receive_v they_o pay_v a_o annual_a stipend_n or_o rent_n stanford_n burgum_fw-la regis_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o his_o custodiis_fw-la etc._n etc._n sunt_fw-la lxxvii_o mansiones_fw-la sochemanor_n qui_fw-la habent_fw-la terras_fw-la svas_fw-la in_o dominio_fw-la &_o qui_fw-la petunt_fw-la dominos_fw-la ubi_fw-la volunt_fw-la super_fw-la quos_fw-la rex_fw-la nihil_fw-la habet_fw-la nisi_fw-la emendationem_fw-la forisfacturae_fw-la eorum_fw-la et_fw-la heriet_fw-la et_fw-la theloneum_fw-la
etc._n etc._n lincoln_n f._n 336._o b._n col._n 2._o stanford_n the_o king_n burgh_n in_o the_o ward_n there_o be_v 77_o dwelling_n for_o sochmans_n who_o have_v their_o land_n in_o demeasn_a or_o in_o their_o own_o power_n and_o may_v choose_v any_o lord_n or_o patron_n where_o they_o will_n upon_o who_o the_o king_n have_v nothing_o but_o the_o pecuniary_a punishment_n of_o their_o fault_n heriot_n and_o tol._n eiam_fw-la tenuit_fw-la edricus_fw-la etc._n etc._n huic_fw-la manerio_fw-la pertinent_a xlviii_o socmanni_n cxxi_o acr_n terrae_fw-la ex_fw-la his_fw-la socmannis_fw-la xxvii_o in_fw-la dominio_fw-la etc._n etc._n these_o socman_n be_v fix_v to_o the_o soyl._n sudfulc_n f._n 319._o b._n sochmanni_n de_fw-fr residene_n et_fw-fr irencestre_fw-fr et_fw-fr rand_n fuerunt_fw-la homines_fw-la burr_v et_fw-la iccirco_fw-mi g_z episcopus_fw-la clamat_fw-la hominationem_fw-la eorum_fw-la northantshire_n terra_fw-la willielmi_n peurel_n this_o william_n be_v the_o great_a possessor_n in_o these_o town_n and_o burr_v the_o saxon_a before_o the_o conquest_n be_v patron_n or_o lord_n of_o the_o socmans_n in_o they_o town_n and_o geoffrey_n bishop_n of_o constance_n have_v his_o land_n and_o title_n after_o the_o conquest_n in_o bertone_n tenet_fw-la willielmus_fw-la de_fw-la cahange_v two_o hid._n hanc_fw-la terram_fw-la tenuerunt_fw-la quatuor_fw-la sochmani_fw-la homines_fw-la wallef_fw-fr comitis_fw-la horum_fw-la duo_o tenuere_fw-la 1_o hid._n &_o two_o virgat_n &_o dimid_n sed_fw-la recedere_fw-la sine_fw-la licentia_fw-la ejus_fw-la non_fw-la potuerunt_fw-la alii_fw-la vero_fw-la duo_fw-la dare_n &_o vendere_fw-la terram_fw-la svam_fw-la potuerunt_fw-la domesd_v f._n 201._o b._n col._n 2._o here_o be_v different_a condition_n of_o socman_n quaere_fw-la whether_o the_o free_a use_n of_o the_o land_n may_v not_o be_v the_o commendatio_fw-la and_o liberty_n to_o sell_v the_o land_n and_o recede_v may_v not_o be_v the_o soak_v mean_v in_o in_o the_o other_o place_n as_o contra-distinct_a to_o commendation_n i_o find_v in_o the_o history_n of_o the_o church_n of_o ely_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o learned_a doctor_n gale_n p._n 210_o b._n these_o passage_n in_o a_o catalogue_n of_o the_o land_n detain_v from_o the_o monastery_n of_o ely_n which_o belong_v to_o it_o in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n and_o the_o name_n of_o those_o that_o detain_v they_o walterus_n mile_n hugonis_n de_fw-fr monteforti_fw-la ten_o terram_fw-la duarum_fw-la carucarum_fw-la in_o maraham_n walter_n the_o knight_n of_o hugh_n montfort_n possess_v two_o carucate_n of_o the_o demesne_n of_o the_o monastery_n in_o maraham_n willielmus_fw-la de_fw-la warenna_n tenet_fw-la 45_o socamans_n in_o feltewella_n qui_fw-la quoties_fw-la abbas_n praecepit_fw-la in_o anno_fw-la arabunt_fw-la svam_fw-la terram_fw-la colligent_fw-la &_o purgabunt_fw-la segetes_fw-la adducent_fw-la &_o mittent_fw-la in_o horrea_n portabunt_fw-la victum_fw-la monachorum_fw-la ad_fw-la monasterium_fw-la &_o quoties_fw-la eorum_fw-la equos_fw-la voluerit_fw-la &_o ubicunque_fw-la sibi_fw-la placuerit_fw-la toties_fw-la habebit_fw-la et_fw-la ubicunque_fw-la forisfecerit_fw-la abbas_n foris_fw-la facturam_fw-la habebit_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr illis_fw-la similiter_fw-la qui_fw-la in_o eorum_fw-la terra_fw-la forisfecerit_fw-la that_o be_v william_n de_fw-fr warenna_n hold_v 45_o socmans_n in_o feltewell_n who_o as_o often_o as_o the_o abbot_n command_v plough_v his_o land_n and_o be_v to_o weed_n and_o bind_v his_o corn_n to_o carry_v it_o into_o the_o barn_n to_o carry_v the_o monk_n victual_n to_o the_o monastery_n and_o as_o often_o as_o he_o will_v and_o whither_o he_o please_v he_o have_v their_o horse_n and_o wheresoever_o they_o forfeit_v that_o be_v be_v liable_a to_o a_o penal_a mulct_n he_o have_v the_o forfeiture_n and_o of_o those_o that_o forfeit_v upon_o their_o land_n supradictus_fw-la walterus_n &_o cum_fw-la eo_fw-la durandus_fw-la homines_fw-la hugonis_fw-la de_fw-la montifâ—rti_fw-la tenent_fw-la 26_o socamanos_fw-la supradictae_fw-la consuetudinis_fw-la in_o maraham_n the_o abovesaid_a walter_n and_o with_o he_o durand_n another_o knight_n the_o man_n of_o hugh_n montfort_n hold_v twenty_o six_o socmans_n in_o maraham_n of_o the_o foresay_a custom_n in_o domesday_n book_n the_o entry_n of_o the_o last_o clause_n be_v thus_o nordfulc_n terra_fw-la s._n aldred_n in_o clachelose_a hund._n &_o dimid_n in_o maraham_n tenuit_fw-la s._n aldred_n etc._n etc._n huic_fw-la manerio_fw-la adjacebant_fw-la t._n r._n e._n xxvii_o socheman_n cum_fw-la omni_fw-la consuetudine_fw-la sed_fw-la postquam_fw-la rex_fw-la willielmus_fw-la advenit_fw-la habuit_fw-la eos_fw-la hugo_n de_fw-la monteforti_fw-la praeter_fw-la unum_fw-la what_o some_o socman_n be_v near_o two_o hundred_o year_n after_o the_o make_n of_o the_o survey_n we_o may_v see_v from_o the_o book_n of_o the_o survey_n of_o the_o priory_n of_o spalding_n in_o lincolnshire_n fol._n 7._o a._n haec_fw-la sunt_fw-la servitia_fw-la &_o consuetudines_fw-la sokemanorum_fw-la prioratus_fw-la de_fw-la spalding_n recognita_fw-la in_o comitatu_fw-la lincolinensi_fw-la debent_fw-la in_o quadragesima_fw-la per_fw-la tres_fw-la dies_fw-la arare_fw-la si_fw-la caucas_n junctas_fw-la habeant_fw-la &_o accipere_fw-la seman_n ad_fw-la orreum_fw-la prioris_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la terram_fw-la portare_fw-la &_o illud_fw-la seminare_fw-la &_o cum_fw-la equis_fw-la suis_fw-la herciare_fw-la proprio_fw-la cibo_fw-la svo_fw-la debent_fw-la tres_fw-la praecarias_fw-la in_o autumno_fw-la cum_fw-la falcibus_fw-la suis_fw-la cibo_fw-la domini_fw-la item_n debent_fw-la tres_fw-la carectas_fw-la de_fw-fr ros_fw-fr &_o tres_fw-la de_fw-la byndinge_v karetandas_n in_o curiam_fw-la domini_fw-la cibo_fw-la domini_fw-la item_n si_fw-la habuerint_fw-la quinque_fw-la porcos_fw-la superannatos_fw-la debent_fw-la eligere_fw-la primum_fw-la ad_fw-la opus_fw-la suum_fw-la &_o dominus_fw-la eliget_fw-la secundum_fw-la &_o ita_fw-la erit_fw-la de_fw-la omnibus_fw-la quinque_fw-la quoquot_fw-la fuerit_fw-la excepta_fw-la suo_fw-la matrice_n si_fw-mi habeant_fw-la porcum_fw-la superannatum_fw-la &_o non_fw-la habent_fw-la quinque_fw-la de_fw-la quolibet_fw-la habebit_fw-la unum_fw-la denarium_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr porco_n qui_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la superannatus_fw-la unum_fw-la obolum_fw-la item_n debent_fw-la auxilium_fw-la domino_fw-la svo_fw-la semel_fw-la in_o anno_fw-la salvo_n gainagio_fw-it svo_fw-la item_n debent_fw-la ire_fw-la apud_fw-la beltisford_n cum_fw-la equis_fw-la suis_fw-la &_o saccis_fw-la &_o brocha_n &_o ducere_fw-la bladum_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la granarium_fw-la spaldinge_v suis_fw-la proprii_fw-la expensis_fw-la item_n debent_fw-la pro_fw-la astro_fw-la svo_fw-la annuatim_fw-la seven_o denarios_fw-la item_n debent_fw-la de_fw-la qualibet_fw-la caruca_n sva_fw-la juncta_fw-la inter_fw-la purificationem_fw-la beatae_fw-la mariae_fw-la et_fw-la festum_fw-la sancti_fw-la butolphi_n two_o s._n four_o d._n item_n non_fw-la possunt_fw-la terram_fw-la dare_v nec_fw-la vendere_fw-la visi_fw-la licentia_fw-la domini_fw-la prioris_fw-la item_n non_fw-la possunt_fw-la placitare_fw-la per_fw-la breve_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la de_fw-la sokagio_fw-it nisi_fw-la licentia_fw-la domini_fw-la prioris_fw-la item_n non_fw-la possunt_fw-la pullum_n suum_fw-la masculum_fw-la natum_fw-la de_fw-la equa_fw-la sva_fw-la vendere_fw-la nisi_fw-la per_fw-la licentiam_fw-la domini_fw-la prioris_fw-la item_n debent_fw-la alleviare_n filias_fw-la svas_fw-la nomina_fw-la eorum_fw-la quorum_fw-la huic_fw-la scripto_fw-la sigilla_fw-la apposita_fw-la sunt_fw-la sigillum_fw-la domini_fw-la willielmi_n de_fw-fr albeny_n &_o domini_fw-la galfridi_fw-la de_fw-la sancesmare_fw-la &_o domini_fw-la walteri_fw-la de_fw-fr coventre_fw-fr et_fw-fr domini_fw-la johannis_n bonet_n tunc_fw-la vicecomitis_a lincol._n et_fw-la domini_fw-la alexandri_fw-la de_fw-fr poynton_n et_fw-la domini_fw-la willielmi_n de_fw-fr welle_n this_o recognition_n be_v make_v in_o the_o county_n court_n of_o lincoln_n in_o the_o time_n john_n prior_n of_o spaldinge_v who_o be_v elect_v in_o the_o year_n 1252._o and_o die_v 1273._o as_o appear_v by_o the_o same_o book_n speak_v of_o he_o convicit_fw-la etiam_fw-la sokemanos_fw-la suos_fw-la de_fw-la pynchebeck_n weston_n &_o multon_n suos_fw-la esse_fw-la rusticos_fw-la qui_fw-la ei_fw-la debita_fw-la servitia_fw-la sva_fw-la et_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la denegabant_fw-la in_fw-la libertatem_fw-la proclamantes_fw-la per_fw-la sacramentum_fw-la duodecim_fw-la militum_fw-la die_fw-la tertia_fw-la ante_fw-la festum_fw-la sancti_fw-la gregorii_n papae_fw-la apud_fw-la lincoln_n ibid._n fol._n o._n a._n these_o be_v the_o service_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o sokeman_n of_o the_o priory_n of_o spalding_n find_v by_o inquest_n or_o jury_n in_o the_o county_n court_n of_o lincoln_n they_o ought_v to_o plough_n three_o day_n in_o lent_n if_o they_o have_v plough_n and_o horse_n to_o take_v seed_n at_o the_o prior_n barn_n to_o carry_v it_o to_o the_o land_n to_o sow_v it_o and_o harrow_v it_o find_v themselves_o victual_n they_o ought_v to_o labour_v at_o the_o three_o reap_v day_n in_o harvest_n upon_o the_o summons_n of_o the_o lord_n he_o find_v they_o victual_n also_o they_o ought_v to_o carry_v three_o load_v of_o thatch_n and_o three_o load_v of_o bind_v to_o the_o lord_n court_n he_o find_v they_o victual_n also_o if_o they_o have_v five_o hog_n above_o a_o year_n old_a they_o may_v choose_v the_o first_o to_o their_o own_o use_n and_o the_o lord_n the_o second_o and_o so_o it_o shall_v be_v of_o every_o five_o the_o old_a sow_n except_v if_o they_o have_v hog_n above_o a_o year_n old_a and_o not_o five_o the_o lord_n be_v to_o have_v
of_o every_o one_o a_o penny_n and_o of_o every_o one_o under_o a_o year_n old_a a_o halfpenny_n also_o they_o ought_v a_o aid_n once_o in_o a_o year_n to_o their_o lord_n save_v their_o livelihood_n or_o employment_n in_o husbandry_n also_o they_o ought_v to_o go_v to_o beltisford_n with_o their_o horse_n sack_n and_o pack_v needle_n to_o carry_v corn_n to_o the_o granary_n of_o spalding_n at_o their_o own_o expense_n also_o they_o ought_v to_o pay_v yearly_a for_o their_o residence_n upon_o the_o manner_n seven_o penny_n also_o they_o ought_v to_o pay_v for_o every_o yoke_v plough_n that_o be_v furnish_v with_o horse_n or_o ox_n between_o candlemass_n and_o the_o feast_n of_o saint_n buttolph_n two_o shilling_n and_o four_o penny_n also_o they_o can_v not_o sell_v or_o give_v their_o land_n without_o licence_n from_o the_o lord_n prior._n also_o they_o can_v not_o plead_v or_o maintain_v a_o title_n by_o the_o king_n writ_n concern_v their_o soccage_n unless_o by_o his_o licence_n also_o they_o can_v sell_v any_o horse_n colt_n which_o come_v of_o their_o own_o mare_n without_o the_o same_o licence_n also_o they_o ought_v to_o compound_v with_o or_o give_v a_o fine_a to_o the_o lord_n for_o liberty_n for_o their_o daughter_n to_o marry_v the_o name_n of_o those_o who_o put_v their_o seal_n to_o this_o write_n the_o seal_n of_o sir_n william_n de_fw-fr albeny_n of_o sir_n geofry_n de_fw-fr sancesmare_n sir_n walter_n de_fw-fr coventre_fw-fr sir_n john_n bonnet_n than_o sheriff_n of_o lincolnshire_n sir_n alexander_n de_fw-fr pointon_n and_o sir_n william_n de_fw-fr welle_n these_o be_v undoubted_o some_o of_o the_o twelve_o knight_n by_o who_o the_o recognition_n be_v make_v of_o the_o service_n of_o the_o socman_n in_o the_o county_n court_n when_o they_o deny_v they_o and_o will_v have_v assert_v themselves_o free_a from_o they_o villani_n villanus_fw-la and_o rusticus_n be_v almost_o the_o same_o in_o old_a author_n so_o call_v because_o they_o live_v in_o small_a place_n in_o the_o country_n and_o manure_v the_o land_n there_o and_o because_o they_o be_v employ_v by_o lord_n of_o manner_n in_o sordid_a and_o slavish_a work_n the_o word_n be_v also_o use_v for_o sordid_a and_o slavish_a people_n and_o such_o be_v most_o common_o mean_v by_o it_o see_v the_o history_n fol._n 206._o f._n the_o socman_n bordar_n and_o servant_n the_o name_n i_o mean_v be_v not_o so_o usual_a within_o a_o century_n or_o two_o after_o the_o conquest_n and_o instead_o of_o they_o be_v more_o frequent_o use_v the_o word_n consuetudinarii_n and_o censuarii_n such_o as_o pay_v rent_n and_o perform_v work_n and_o service_n cotarii_fw-la who_o hold_v poor_a house_n and_o some_o small_a parcel_n of_o land_n by_o small_a rent_n and_o few_o work_n but_o general_o more_o servile_a sometime_o by_o service_n only_o without_o rent_n and_o coterelli_n that_o be_v small_a cotar_n or_o cotager_n by_o the_o same_o though_o few_o service_n and_o payment_n in_o rent_n hen_n egg_n fowl_n etc._n etc._n and_o tofmanni_n very_o little_a different_a from_o the_o cotar_n or_o coterelli_n in_o tenure_n and_o service_n for_o a_o toftman_n notwithstanding_o the_o common_a notion_n of_o a_o toft_n be_v a_o decay_a tenement_n or_o house_n be_v one_o that_o possess_v a_o very_a small_a house_n and_o a_o acre_n or_o half_a a_o acre_n or_o some_o small_a parcel_n of_o ground_n by_o the_o same_o service_n with_o cotar_n or_o very_o little_a different_a from_o and_o last_o operarii_fw-la who_o work_n be_v always_o uncertain_a and_o be_v poor_a miserable_a labourer_n that_o wrought_v at_o all_o time_n and_o season_n and_o do_v all_o manner_n of_o work_n at_o the_o command_n of_o their_o lord_n and_o to_o their_o only_a benefit_n and_o these_o undoubted_o be_v such_o as_o in_o domesday_n book_n be_v say_v to_o be_v servi_n in_o respect_n of_o who_o all_o such_o customary_a tenant_n cotager_n villain_n bondman_n or_o nativi_fw-la that_o perform_v certain_a work_n may_v be_v call_v privilege_a person_n or_o socman_n all_o these_o man_n be_v not_o exact_o of_o the_o same_o condition_n though_o of_o the_o same_o denomination_n for_o many_o time_n freeman_n perform_v servile_a work_n in_o respect_n of_o their_o tenure_n though_o their_o person_n be_v free_a and_o ofttimes_o any_o of_o the_o other_o perform_v certain_a or_o uncertain_a work_n at_o the_o command_n of_o their_o lord_n and_o according_a to_o the_o first_o stipulation_n or_o charge_n upon_o their_o person_n or_o land_n except_o those_o that_o be_v real_o customary_a tenant_n and_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o think_v that_o in_o process_n of_o time_n all_o these_o name_n begin_v to_o be_v confound_v and_o promiscuous_o use_v one_o for_o another_o i_o have_v by_o i_o a_o old_a and_o very_a exact_a survey_n or_o extent_n of_o all_o the_o manner_n belong_v to_o the_o bishopric_n of_o ely_n make_v about_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o three_o where_o in_o every_o town_n all_o these_o person_n be_v describe_v and_o distinguish_v one_o from_o another_o both_o by_o the_o quality_n and_o quantity_n of_o their_o work_n but_o by_o the_o quantity_n most_o frequent_o by_o the_o statute_n entitle_v extenta_fw-la manerii_fw-la in_o the_o four_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o all_o these_o servile_a people_n of_o so_o many_o different_a name_n pass_v under_o two_o only_a that_o be_v of_o customary_a tenant_n and_o cottager_n in_o which_o all_o the_o other_o be_v then_o comprehend_v in_o the_o same_o book_n the_o liberè_fw-la tenentes_fw-la those_o in_o military_a service_n and_o soccager_n in_o several_a town_n be_v describe_v under_o the_o same_o title_n but_o most_o common_o the_o ordinary_a liberè_fw-la tenentes_fw-la which_o be_v very_o few_o be_v clog_v with_o work_n and_o seem_v to_o differ_v not_o much_o from_o the_o customary_a and_o censuary_a tenant_n when_o unite_v in_o one_o tenure_n consist_v in_o part_n rend_v part_v service_n that_o be_v customary_a and_o certain_a many_o time_n work_n be_v change_v into_o rent_n as_o also_o be_v some_o part_n of_o the_o land_n hold_v in_o military_a service_n and_o in_o this_o old_a extent_n they_o be_v call_v novi_fw-la feoffati_fw-la and_o these_o and_o such_o as_o these_o who_o since_o the_o dissolution_n of_o monastery_n which_o be_v endow_v with_o a_o three_o part_n of_o the_o land_n of_o the_o nation_n purchase_v some_o small_a parcel_n of_o land_n hold_v in_o free_a soccage_n make_v at_o this_o day_n the_o bulk_n of_o the_o freeholder_n for_o until_o by_o experience_n the_o conveniency_n of_o change_v of_o work_n into_o rent_n be_v approve_v and_o until_o the_o military_a man_n have_v power_n by_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la c._n 32._o and_o stat._n 18_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o to_o alien_a their_o land_n leave_v sufficient_a to_o perform_v the_o service_n there_o be_v but_o few_o freeholders_n in_o our_o now_o common_a understanding_n of_o they_o nor_o have_v they_o then_o by_o be_v free_a in_o their_o person_n and_o from_o base_a service_n or_o work_n any_o interest_n or_o real_a power_n or_o the_o least_o share_n in_o transact_v public_a affair_n or_o be_v any_o way_n concern_v in_o they_o but_o be_v free_a only_o from_o villeinage_n and_o servitude_n and_o be_v svi_fw-la jurii_fw-la at_o their_o own_o dispose_n so_o far_o only_o as_o like_a villain_n and_o bondman_n they_o be_v not_o under_o the_o power_n and_o absolute_a command_n of_o other_o man_n that_o be_v their_o person_n be_v free_a and_o they_o may_v dispose_v of_o what_o they_o have_v without_o let_v or_o hindrance_n of_o their_o lord_n of_o who_o they_o hold_v their_o land_n errata_fw-la fol._n 5._o lin_v 16._o deal_n ae_z f._n 14._o l._n penult_n r._n brigantes_n f._n 18._o l._n ult_n r._n claudius_n f._n 27._o l._n ult_n in_o note_n r._n vrbicus_n f._n 35._o l._n 1._o r._n ariminum_n f._n 37._o in_o the_o note_n change_v you_o for_o u._fw-mi and_z u_z for_o y._n f._n 38._o instead_o of_o z_o in_o the_o note_n there_o ought_v have_v be_v *_o f._n 42._o l._n 12._o r._n turnacensium_fw-la ibid._n in_o note_n l._n 8._o r._n loir_n f._n 44._o in_o note_n r._n tigrisienses_n f._n 60._o l._n 5._o r._n gemblacensiâ—_n f._n 70._o l._n 20._o r._n allodium_fw-la f._n 71._o f._n l._n 45._o r._n vivus_fw-la f._n 78._o l._n 23._o r._n or_o f._n 82._o in_o note_n o_o r._n munumit_v f._n 84._o l._n penult_n r._n priest_n f._n 126._o in_o note_n q_o r._n giraldus_n f._n 132._o l._n 13._o r._n matter_n f._n 134._o l._n 21._o r._n algar_n f._n 142._o in_o note_n â—_o r._n ferrariis_fw-la f._n 153._o in_o note_n l._n 1._o r._n seon._n ibid._n l._n 5._o r._n writ_n f._n 158._o in_o note_n e_o l._n 7._o r._n 1._o johannis_n in_o eadem_fw-la l._n after_o castle_n insert_v and._n ibid._n l._n 10._o r._n 7._o johannis_n f._n 170._o l._n 8._o r._n another_o f._n
of_o any_o crime_n and_o have_v no_o compurgator_n no_o consacramentale_n or_o conjuratores_fw-la to_o swear_v with_o they_o 5._o they_o ll._n canut_n part._n 1._o c._n 5._o gato_n corsnaed_n let_v he_o go_v to_o the_o trial_n of_o the_o decretory_n or_o execrated_a morsel_n the_o manner_n of_o give_v this_o barley-bread_n or_o morsel_n of_o cheese_n marculph_n 8._o deliver_v thus_o after_o the_o litany_n and_o office_n for_o this_o purpose_n and_o the_o barley-bread_n or_o cheese_n sanctify_v 1037.1038_o sanctify_v form_n fol._n 1037.1038_o and_o exorcise_v and_o the_o accuse_v person_n acceperat_fw-la communionem_fw-la have_v receive_v the_o communion_n it_o be_v offer_v with_o this_o or_o such_o like_a form_n of_o word_n there_o mention_v ad_fw-la adpositam_fw-la ei_fw-la pro_fw-la ostentione_n veritatis_fw-la creaturam_fw-la panis_fw-la sanctificati_fw-la vel_fw-la casei_fw-la faux_fw-fr ejus_fw-la claudatur_fw-la guttur_fw-la ejus_fw-la stranguletur_fw-la &_o in_o nomine_fw-la tuo_fw-la ante_fw-la id_fw-la rejiceretur_fw-la quam_fw-la devoretur_fw-la innoxius_fw-la vero_fw-la &_o inscius_fw-la sobrie_fw-la ad_fw-la salubritatem_fw-la svi_fw-la cum_fw-la omni_fw-la facilitate_v hanc_fw-la partem_fw-la panis_fw-la vel_fw-la casei_fw-la in_o nomine_fw-la tuo_fw-la signatam_fw-la manducando_fw-la diglutiat_fw-la ut_fw-la sciant_fw-la omnes_fw-la etc._n etc._n that_o be_v let_v his_o jaw_n be_v shut_v against_o the_o creature_n of_o hallow_a bread_n or_o cheese_n which_o be_v force_v upon_o he_o for_o the_o demonstration_n of_o truth_n let_v he_o be_v choke_v and_o in_o thy_o name_n let_v it_o be_v cast_v up_o again_o soon_o than_o swallow_v but_o if_o he_o be_v innocent_a and_o know_v nothing_o of_o the_o theft_n murder_n adultery_n or_o wickedness_n wherewith_o he_o be_v charge_v let_v he_o with_o ease_n and_o health_n swallow_v this_o morsel_n or_o piece_n of_o bread_n or_o cheese_n sign_v in_o thy_o name_n why_o our_o english_a saxon_n call_v it_o corsn_v curse_a particle_n and_o morsel_n or_o execrated_a bread_n when_o as_o from_o marculph_n it_o be_v clear_a it_o be_v usual_o hallow_v and_o consecrate_a i_o know_v not_o unless_o from_o the_o wish_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o form_n at_o the_o force_v it_o upon_o such_o as_o be_v to_o undergo_v the_o trial_n or_o that_o they_o believe_v it_o prove_v a_o curse_n sometime_o to_o they_o from_o these_o we_o pass_v to_o the_o law_n concern_v the_o german_n and_o english-saxons_a real_a estate_n their_o land_n and_o title_n how_o they_o hold_v and_o claim_v they_o and_o these_o be_v but_o very_o few_o consider_v the_o multiplicity_n of_o the_o other_o both_o here_o and_o in_o germany_n battle_n or_o duel_n faed_n edovard_n and_o guthrin_n c._n 9_o ll._n ethelstan_n c._n 7.21_o 23._o ll._n inae_fw-la c._n 55._o canut_n 20._o ll._n frison_n tit._n 3._o §_o 1_o 2_o 3_o 4_o 5_o 6._o tit._n 14._o §_o 3_o 4._o ordeal_o 4._o fire_n ordeal_o capit._fw-la car._n in_o append_v secunda_fw-la lib._n 4._o n._n 3._o n._n 33._o add._n lud._n lib._n 4._o tit._n 80._o ll._n angl._n tit._n 15._o frison_n tit._n 5._o §_o 1._o mr._n 112._o mr._n gavelk_n fol._n 112._o somner_n say_v there_o be_v but_o two_o sort_n of_o tenor_n here_o in_o the_o saxon_n time_n before_o the_o conquest_n will_v conquest_n ll._n ed._n sen._n c._n will_v bockland_n and_o folkland_n to_o which_o two_n all_o other_o sort_n of_o land_n may_v be_v reduce_v bockland_n as_o what_o as_o gloss_n in_o verbo_fw-la terrâ_fw-la ex_fw-la scripto_fw-la bockland_n and_o folkland_n what_o lambert_n say_v be_v free_a and_o hereditary_a and_o be_v a_o possession_n by_o write_v the_o other_o without_o that_o by_o write_v be_v possess_v by_o the_o free_a or_o noble_a sort_n that_o without_o call_v folkland_n be_v hold_v by_o pay_v annual_a rent_n or_o performance_n of_o service_n and_o be_v possess_v by_o the_o rural_a people_n rustick_n colon_n or_o clown_n in_o those_o time_n these_o write_n 6._o write_n spelm._n council_n fol._n 319_o aâ—_n 800._o council_n clovisho_n c._n 2_o 3_o 6._o be_v call_v in_o latin_a libelli_fw-la terrarum_fw-la landboc_n and_o telligraphia_fw-la and_o livery_n and_o seize_v be_v then_o make_v and_o give_v by_o 13._o by_o somner_n ut_fw-la supra_fw-la p._n 12_o 13._o delivery_n of_o a_o turf_n take_v from_o the_o land_n with_o the_o write_n this_o bockland_n can_v not_o be_v alienate_v without_o 13._o without_o somner_n ut_fw-la supra_fw-la p._n 12_o 13._o the_o king_n consent_n it_o be_v a_o royal_a prerogative_n in_o the_o king_n only_o to_o grant_v it_o and_o it_o be_v forfeit_v also_o to_o the_o 2._o the_o ll._n etheldred_n p._n 1._o c._n 2._o king_n by_o he_o that_o desert_v his_o lord_n either_o in_o a_o sea_n or_o land-expedition_n this_o be_v call_v terra_fw-la testimentalis_fw-la &_o hereditaria_fw-la land_n inheritable_a and_o deviseable_a by_o will._n unless_o the_o first_o purchaser_n or_o acquirer_n by_o write_v or_o witness_v have_v prohibit_v it_o and_o than_o it_o can_v not_o be_v sell_v or_o dispose_v of_o from_o the_o allodium_fw-la the_o ll._n alured_n c._n 37._o bockland_n and_o allodium_fw-la near_a kindred_n this_o bockland_n be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o allodium_fw-la in_o doomsday_n hold_v without_o any_o payment_n nor_o chargeable_a with_o service_n to_o any_o lord_n or_o seignory_n and_o though_o the_o name_n be_v almost_o quite_o lose_v yet_o the_o thing_n remain_v under_o the_o name_n of_o allodium_fw-la and_o the_o land_n possess_v by_o the_o allodiarii_n mention_v in_o doomsday_n somner_n gavelkind_n p._n 120_o 121_o 122_o etc._n etc._n yet_o these_o land_n hold_v in_o allodio_n or_o alodium_n be_v not_o altogether_o free_a but_o subject_a to_o the_o general_a land-tax_n of_o hidage_n as_o all_o other_o land_n be_v as_o appear_v in_o doomesday-book_n in_o all_o place_n where_o alodium_n be_v mention_v as_o in_o hantescire_fw-la in_o tit._n terra_fw-la hugon_n de_fw-fr port_n idem_fw-la ten_o cerdeford_n &_o willielmus_fw-la de_fw-la eo_fw-la duo_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la in_o allodium_fw-la tenuerunt_fw-la edwardi_fw-la tempore_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la t.r.e._n tunc_fw-la &_o modo_fw-la geld._n pro_fw-la 5_o hid._n fol._n 44._o b._n in_o bermesplet_n hund._n ipse_fw-la hugo_n ten_o dummere_n unus_fw-la homo_fw-la suus_fw-la de_fw-la eo_fw-la alric_n tenuit_fw-la de_fw-fr r._n e._n in_o allodium_fw-la tunc_fw-la &_o modo_fw-la se_fw-la defendit_fw-la pro_fw-la 5_o hidis_fw-la fol._n 45._o b._n that_o be_v hugo_n the_o port_n hold_v cedeford_n and_o william_n of_o he_o two_o freeman_n hold_v it_o in_o alodium_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n then_o and_o now_o it_o geld_v that_o be_v pay_v geld_v or_o hidage_n after_o the_o rate_n of_o 5_o hide_n etc._n etc._n and_o not_o unlike_o these_o land_n hold_v in_o alodio_n be_v and_o be_v those_o in_o normandy_n of_o the_o same_o tenure_n les_fw-fr terres_fw-la de_fw-fr franc_fw-fr alleu_n sont_fw-fr celles_fw-fr qui_fw-fr ne_fw-fr recognoissent_fw-la superieur_fw-fr in_fw-la feodalite_n &_o ne_fw-fr sont_fw-fr sujetts_n a_o fair_a ou_fw-fr payer_n aucun_fw-fr droit_n seigneuriaux_fw-fr reform_v custum_fw-la artic._n 102._o that_o be_v land_n of_o franc_n alleu_n or_o free_a alode_n be_v such_o as_o acknowledge_v no_o superior_a in_o feudality_n and_o be_v not_o subject_a to_o do_v or_o pay_v any_o seigneural_a right_n godefroy_n upon_o this_o article_n say_v that_o these_o land_n notwithstanding_o their_o freedom_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o justice_n royal_a or_o justice_n of_o the_o place_n where_o they_o lay_v and_o may_v be_v confiscate_v confiscation_n be_v a_o appendant_a or_o fruit_n of_o jurisdiction_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v add_v here_o in_o feodality_n to_o show_v it_o be_v exempt_a only_o from_o superiority_n and_o jurisdiction_n seigneural_a so_o that_o the_o possessor_n may_v sell_v and_o dispose_v of_o it_o at_o pleasure_n without_o leave_n of_o any_o lord_n or_o superior_a much_o of_o this_o land_n there_o be_v in_o the_o diocese_n or_o viconte_n of_o bajeux_n where_o odo_n be_v bishop_n who_o be_v also_o earl_n of_o kent_n here_o after_o the_o conquest_n 714._o berault_n fol._n 714._o and_o there_o be_v also_o the_o custom_n of_o gavelkind_n and_o it_o be_v probable_a many_o of_o the_o people_n under_o his_o jurisdiction_n in_o normandy_n may_v translate_v themselves_o into_o kent_n and_o bring_v those_o custom_n with_o they_o but_o beside_o these_o two_o tenor_n saxon_a tenor_n there_o be_v land_n and_o possession_n mention_v by_o other_o name_n in_o our_o saxon_a law_n as_o gafolland_n rent-land_n or_o farme-land_n foedus_fw-la alured_n and_o guthr_n c._n 2._o gafolgylden_n hus_o a_o house_n yield_v or_o pay_v rent_n or_o gable_n ll._n inae_fw-la c._n 6._o inland_a inland_a there_o be_v also_o mention_v inland_a or_o the_o lord_n demesne_n which_o he_o keep_v in_o his_o own_o hand_n and_o neatland_n which_o be_v call_v vtland_n or_o outland_n outland_n utland_o or_o outland_n in_o verb._n in_o lamb._n peramb._n kent_n p._n 495.1_o edit_n spelm._n gloss_n in_o verb._n byrthric_n will_v terra_fw-la villanorum_fw-la and_o
b._n n._n 50._o &_o f._n 47._o â—_o lin_v 1._o be_v very_o observable_a in_o this_o matter_n in_o which_o he_o give_v to_o his_o lord_n a_o bracelet_n of_o 80_o mark_n of_o gold_n and_o a_o hand-sword_n worth_a as_o much_o four_o horse_n two_o of_o they_o trap_v and_o two_o sword_n trim_v two_o hawk_n and_o all_o his_o hound_n and_o to_o his_o lady_n one_o bracelet_n of_o thirty_o mark_n of_o gold_n and_o one_o palfry_n to_o prevail_v with_o he_o that_o his_o will_n may_v stand_v and_o take_v effect_n lambert_n peramb_v of_o kent_n p._n 493._o without_o all_o peradventure_o the_o land_n of_o birtrick_n bequeath_v by_o his_o will_n be_v feudal_n land_n hold_v in_o military-service_n and_o not_o deviseable_a without_o his_o lord_n or_o patron_n consent_n in_o doomsday_n we_o find_v tit._n kent_n fol._n 1._o b._n in_o lest_o the_o sudton_n &_o lest_o the_o ailesford_n habuere_fw-la ipsi_fw-la t.r.e._n sacham_n &_o socham_n brixii_n cilt_n adelold_n de_fw-fr elleham_n auchil_n de_fw-fr becheham_n azor_n de_fw-fr lesneis_n levinot_n de_fw-fr sudton_n edward_n de_fw-fr eston_n etc._n etc._n to_o the_o number_n of_o 15_o and_o if_o so_o many_o in_o these_o lest_n we_o may_v conclude_v the_o like_a proportion_n in_o other_o all_o which_o must_v have_v be_v military_a thanes_z and_o hold_v their_o land_n by_o military-service_n for_o sacha_n and_o socha_n a_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n to_o try_v cause_n with_o a_o peculiar_a jurisdiction_n between_o the_o lord_n and_o tenant_n or_o his_o man_n and_o tenant_n as_o the_o word_n import_v be_v and_o be_v a_o most_o certain_a argument_n of_o dominion_n and_o seigneurie_n which_o be_v first_o obtain_v from_o the_o prince_n and_o a_o infallible_a mark_n of_o military_a service_n due_a from_o he_o that_o enjoy_v it_o and_o a_o obligation_n upon_o he_o to_o perform_v it_o what_o feudal_n tenor_n be_v and_o be_v and_o what_o the_o obligation_n stipulation_n or_o necessitude_n between_o lord_n and_o vassal_n patron_n and_o feudatarie_n see_v the_o preface_n to_o the_o norman_a history_n tit._n herefordscire_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la de_fw-la hereford_n t._n r._n e._n if_o any_o burgess_n or_o citizen_n will_v leave_v the_o city_n he_o may_v by_o the_o leave_n of_o the_o praefect_n or_o governor_n and_o sell_v his_o house_n to_o another_o man_n that_o be_v willing_a to_o do_v the_o service_n that_o be_v due_a for_o the_o same_o ibid._n from_o a_o burgess_n or_o citizen_n serve_v with_o a_o horse_n the_o king_n when_o he_o die_v have_v his_o horse_n and_o arm_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n doomsday_n beroscire_fw-la wallingford_n tainus_n vel_fw-la miles_n regis_fw-la dominicus_n etc._n etc._n a_o thane_n or_o one_o of_o the_o king_n knight_n die_v the_o king_n have_v all_o his_o arm_n one_o horse_n with_o a_o saddle_n and_o another_o without_o etc._n etc._n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n this_o relief_n as_o it_o be_v there_o call_v be_v a_o sure_a mark_n of_o military_a service_n beside_o what_o the_o word_n miles_n dominicus_fw-la regis_fw-la import_v instance_n be_v frequent_a in_o doomsday_n book_n that_o prove_v military_a service_n warwicscire_fw-la tit._n terra_fw-la comitis_fw-la de_fw-la mellent_fw-la in_o patelawe_n hund._n fol._n 240._o b._n col_fw-fr 2._o ipse_fw-la comes_fw-la tenet_fw-la in_o luditone_n 12_o hid._n &_o 4_o milites_fw-la de_fw-fr eo_fw-la 4_o teini_fw-la liberè_fw-la tenuerunt_fw-la t._n r._n e._n pro_fw-la duobus_fw-la maneriis_fw-la here_o we_o see_v four_o thegnes_fw-la or_o tein_v change_v into_o four_o knight_n or_o horseman_n hantscire_fw-la terra_fw-la hugonis_fw-la de_fw-fr port_n in_o neteland_n hundred_o ipse_fw-la hugo_n tenens_fw-la celtone_n oda_n tenuit_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la edwardo_n in_fw-la modium_fw-la ibi_fw-la erant_fw-la decem_fw-la hidae_fw-la sed_fw-la r._n e._n misit_fw-la ad_fw-la servitium_fw-la that_o be_v military_a service_n &_o geldum_fw-la pro_fw-la 4_o hidis_fw-la &_o 1_o virgat_fw-la terre_fw-fr &_o milites_fw-la be_v often_o mention_v in_o doomsday_n in_o edward_n the_o confessor_n time_n soldier_n liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la &_o thegnes_fw-la be_v milites_fw-la or_o soldier_n and_o further_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v doubt_v but_o many_o of_o the_o thegn_n or_o teins_n be_v military_a man_n it_o be_v most_o probable_a that_o the_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la and_o teins_n which_o be_v very_o many_o in_o cestrescire_fw-la scropscire_fw-la and_o herefordscire_fw-la all_o border_v county_n which_o be_v record_v in_o doomsday_n to_o have_v hold_v whole_a town_n and_o manner_n before_o the_o conquest_n be_v all_o milites_fw-la and_o those_o in_o other_o county_n also_o that_o hold_v whole_a town_n and_o manner_n though_o they_o be_v not_o where_o so_o many_o as_o in_o these_o they_o be_v enter_v thus_o cestrescire_fw-la atiscros_n hund._n rob._n the_o roelent_n tenet_fw-la de_fw-la comite_fw-la brochelune_n levenot_n tenuit_fw-la &_o libre_fw-la homo_fw-la fuit_fw-la so_o through_o the_o whole_a country_n almost_o scropescire_fw-la tit._n terra_fw-la roger_n comitis_fw-la in_o odenet_n hund._n fol._n 245._o a._n raynaldus_n vicecome_v ten_o de_fw-fr comite_fw-la mercemeslei_fw-la sewarus_n &_o aluric_n pro_fw-la duobus_fw-la maneriis_fw-la tenuerunt_fw-la t.r.e._n &_o erant_fw-la liberi_fw-la ibidem_fw-la idem_fw-la raynaldus_n ten_o de_fw-fr comite_fw-la stanweie_fw-la &_o odo_n de_fw-fr eo_fw-la aluric_n tenuit_fw-la &_o libre_fw-la homo_fw-la fuit_fw-la ibidem_fw-la rainaldus_n cum_fw-la quodam_fw-la roberto_n ten_o de_fw-fr comite_fw-la grotintune_v &_o odo_n de_fw-fr eye_n alfric_n &_o otro_fw-la tenuêre_fw-la pro_fw-la duobus_fw-la maneriis_fw-la ipsi_fw-la teini_fw-la erant_fw-la liberi_fw-la and_o so_o very_o frequent_o in_o that_o county_n herefordscire_a tit._n terra_fw-la regis_fw-la in_o naisse_fw-fr hund._n fol._n 180._o b._n rex_fw-la tenet_fw-la feccheham_n quinque_fw-la taini_fw-la tenuerunt_fw-la de_fw-fr edwino_fw-la comite_fw-la &_o poterant_fw-la ire_n cum_fw-la terra_fw-la quo_fw-la volebant_fw-la &_o habebant_fw-la sub_fw-la se_fw-la quator_fw-la milites_fw-la ita_fw-la liberi_fw-la ut_fw-la ipsi_fw-la erant_fw-la these_o milites_fw-la probable_o serve_v for_o they_o in_o their_o absence_n ibid._n tit._n terr_n hugon_n lasne_fw-fr fol._n 187._o a._n col_fw-fr 1._o hugo_n lasne_n ten_o chenescestre_fw-fr ulwi_n cilt_n tenuit_fw-la &_o poterat_fw-la ire_n quo_fw-la volebat_fw-la and_o in_o this_o shire_n the_o saxon_n that_o hold_v town_n and_o manor_n t.r.e._n be_v often_o mention_v with_o this_o addition_n &_o potuit_fw-la ire_n quo_fw-la volebat_fw-la which_o be_v a_o phrase_n equivalent_a to_o &_o libre_fw-la homo_fw-la fuit_fw-la the_o reason_n of_o my_o conjecture_n that_o these_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la be_v milites_fw-la be_v for_o that_o the_o norman_n who_o make_v this_o survey_n call_v milites_fw-la frequent_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la see_v the_o law_n of_o william_n the_o first_o ll._n 52.55_o 58_o 59_o and_o spelman_n glossary_a verb._n parium_fw-la judicium_fw-la fol._n 449._o col_fw-fr 1._o and_o they_o only_o serve_v upon_o jury_n in_o a_o assize_n upon_o a_o writ_n of_o right_o glanvil_n lib._n 2._o c._n 11._o lib._n 9_o c._n 7._o and_o those_o juror_n be_v always_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la or_o freeman_n military_a service_n be_v always_o call_v liberum_fw-la servitium_n tenor_n liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la always_o serve_v on_o jury_n military_a service_n call_v free-service_n tenor_n free-service_n ib._n lib._n 12._o c._n 3._o and_o in_o other_o nation_n in_o these_o ancient_a time_n all_o tenor_n be_v esteem_v base_a and_o ignoble_a except_o military_a tenor_n which_o be_v repute_v free_a and_o noble_a from_o this_o survey_n we_o may_v conclude_v that_o there_o be_v not_o much_o of_o that_o sort_n of_o land_n call_v bock-land_n if_o it_o be_v only_o express_v by_o allodium_fw-la for_o in_o the_o saxon_n time_n there_o be_v but_o little_a of_o that_o in_o respect_n of_o other_o tenor_n these_o be_v the_o several_a sort_n of_o land_n here_o among_o our_o english_a saxon_n let_v we_o see_v whether_o they_o be_v also_o among_o the_o german_n german_n the_o several_a sort_n of_o land_n among_o the_o german_n for_o gafol_v rend_v or_o censual_a land_n it_o be_v as_o old_a as_o propriety_n and_o therefore_o in_o germany_n as_o well_o as_o in_o other_o country_n for_o all_o man_n can_v not_o use_v their_o own_o land_n but_o permit_v other_o to_o occupy_v they_o under_o a_o certain_a rent_n or_o payment_n of_o such_o thing_n as_o then_o they_o make_v their_o payment_n in_o as_o we_o have_v it_o in_o 25._o in_o de_fw-fr mor._n germ._n c._n 25._o tacitus_n frumenti_fw-la modum_fw-la dominus_fw-la aut_fw-la pecoris_fw-la aut_fw-la vestis_fw-la colono_fw-la injungit_fw-la the_o lord_n enjoin_v his_o colon_n clown_n boar_n or_o rustic_a to_o pay_v he_o a_o certain_a quantity_n of_o grain_n cattle_n or_o clothes_n etc._n etc._n this_o sort_n of_o land_n be_v also_o find_v in_o the_o law_n of_o the_o west-goth_n lib._n 10._o tit._n 1._o c._n 11.25_o capit._fw-la car._n lib._n 4._o c._n 39_o where_o it_o be_v call_v terra_fw-la tributaria_fw-la c._n 37._o as_o for_o hereditary_a land_n which_o the_o english_a saxon_n call_v bock-land_n it_o may_v
be_v as_o ancient_a as_o gafoland_n however_o we_o find_v it_o in_o the_o german_a saxon_a law_n tit._n 14._o §_o 2._o &_o tit._n 16._o this_o sort_n of_o land_n and_o alodium_n be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o german_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o ripuarian_a law_n tit._n 56._o de_fw-la alodibus_fw-la §_o 3._o while_o any_o of_o the_o masculine_a sex_n remain_v a_o woman_n shall_v not_o succeed_v in_o the_o ancient_a inheritance_n ll._n anglor_n tit._n 6._o de_fw-la alodibus_fw-la §_o 1._o haereditatem_fw-la defuncti_fw-la filius_fw-la non_fw-la filia_fw-la accipiat_fw-la the_o son_n not_o the_o daughter_n shall_v receive_v the_o hereditary_a estate_n of_o his_o dead_a father_n and_o §_o 5._o ad_fw-la quemcunque_fw-la haereditas_fw-la terrae_fw-la pervenerit_fw-la ad_fw-la istum_fw-la vestis_fw-la bellica_fw-la i._n e._n lorica_fw-la debet_fw-la pervenire_fw-la land_n the_o habiliment_n of_o war_n go_v with_o the_o land_n to_o whosoever_o the_o inheritance_n shall_v come_v the_o warlike_a garment_n and_o habiliment_n ought_v to_o descend_v likewise_o and_z §_o 8._o after_o the_o five_o generation_n the_o daughter_n may_v succeed_v and_o then_o the_o inheritance_n pass_v from_o the_o lance_n to_o the_o distaff_n this_o whole_a title_n and_o law_n seem_v to_o be_v concern_v feudal_n land_n ibidem_fw-la tit._n 13._o libero_fw-la homini_fw-la licet_fw-la haereditatem_fw-la svam_fw-la cvi_fw-la voluerit_fw-la tradere_fw-la a_o freeman_n may_v dispose_v of_o his_o inheritance_n to_o who_o he_o will_v ll._n salique_a tit._n 62._o the_o alode_n §_o 6._o de_fw-la terra_fw-la vero_fw-la salicâ_fw-la nulla_fw-la portio_fw-la haereditatis_fw-la mulieri_fw-la veniat_fw-la sed_fw-la ad_fw-la virilem_fw-la sexum_fw-la tota_fw-la terra_fw-la haereditas_fw-la perveniat_fw-la no_o part_n of_o the_o inheritance_n of_o salique_a land_n shall_v descend_v to_o a_o woman_n but_o the_o whole_a inheritance_n of_o the_o land_n shall_v come_v to_o the_o male_n ll._n alaman_n tit._n 92._o de_fw-la haereditate_fw-la etc._n etc._n §_o 1_o 2._o germany_n courtesy_n of_o england_n bring_v from_o germany_n si_fw-mi quae_fw-la mulier_fw-la quae_fw-la haereditatem_fw-la paternam_fw-la habet_fw-la post_fw-la nuptum_fw-la praegnans_fw-la peperit_fw-la pverum_fw-la &_o in_fw-la ipsa_fw-la horâ_fw-la mortua_fw-la fuerit_fw-la &_o infans_fw-la vitus_fw-la remanserit_fw-la aliquanto_fw-la spatio_fw-la vel_fw-la unius_fw-la horae_fw-la ut_fw-la possit_fw-la aperire_fw-la oculos_fw-la &_o videre_fw-la culmen_fw-la domûs_fw-la &_o quatuor_fw-la parietes_fw-la &_o posteà _fw-la defunctus_fw-la fuerit_fw-la haereditas_fw-la materna_fw-la ad_fw-la patrem_fw-la ejus_fw-la pertineat_fw-la et_fw-la tamen_fw-la si_fw-la testes_fw-la habet_fw-la pater_fw-la ejus_fw-la quod_fw-la vidissent_fw-la istum_fw-la infantem_fw-la oculos_fw-la aperire_fw-la &_o potuisset_fw-la culmen_fw-la domûs_fw-la videre_fw-la &_o quatuor_fw-la parietes_fw-la tum_fw-la pater_fw-la ejus_fw-la habeat_fw-la licentiam_fw-la cum_fw-la lege_fw-la ipsas_fw-la res_fw-la defendere_fw-la si_fw-mi autem_fw-la aliter_fw-la cujus_fw-la est_fw-la proprietas_fw-la ipse_fw-la conquirat_fw-la that_o be_v if_o any_o woman_n which_o have_v a_o paternal_a inheritance_n after_o marriage_n bring_v forth_o a_o child_n and_o die_v in_o childbirth_n and_o the_o child_n remain_v alive_a for_o some_o short_a space_n so_o as_o it_o can_v open_v its_o eye_n and_o see_v the_o top_n of_o the_o house_n and_o the_o four_o wall_n and_o afterward_o die_v the_o father_n shall_v enjoy_v the_o mother_n inheritance_n and_o if_o the_o father_n have_v witness_n which_o see_v the_o infant_n open_v the_o eye_n so_o as_o it_o can_v see_v the_o top_n of_o the_o house_n and_o the_o four_o wall_n than_o his_o father_n have_v liberty_n to_o defend_v his_o title_n by_o law_n but_o if_o otherwise_o he_o may_v obtain_v it_o who_o propriety_n it_o be_v this_o certain_o be_v that_o which_o we_o call_v the_o courtesy_n of_o england_n and_o which_o the_o lawyer_n call_v lex_fw-la angliae_fw-la and_o littleton_n in_o his_o tenor_n sect._n 35._o say_n this_o this_o custom_n be_v use_v in_o no_o other_o realm_n than_o in_o england_n only_o yet_o sir_n edward_n coke_n upon_o this_o author_n fol._n 30._o report_n it_o to_o be_v use_v in_o scotland_n and_o ireland_n also_o germany_n feudal_n tenor_n from_o germany_n we_o shall_v now_o further_o inquire_v after_o the_o feudal_n land_n and_o tenor_n among_o the_o german_a nation_n to_o who_o 1._o who_o de_fw-fr jur._n belli_n &_o pacis_fw-la lib._n 1._o c._n 3._o §._o 23._o n._n 1._o grotius_n say_v they_o be_v proper_a and_o that_o they_o be_v not_o where_o to_o be_v find_v unless_o where_o the_o german_n place_v themselves_o but_o beside_o this_o testimony_n of_o grotius_n they_o be_v often_o find_v mention_v in_o the_o german_a law_n by_o the_o name_n of_o beneficia_fw-la which_o as_o verb._n as_o in_o verb._n hottoman_a observe_n be_v the_o same_o with_o feuda_n and_o beneficiare_v the_o same_o with_o infeudare_fw-la or_o feudum_fw-la alicui_fw-la tribuere_fw-la capit._fw-la car._n lib._n 3._o c._n 71._o quicunque_fw-la beneficium_fw-la principis_fw-la habet_fw-la &_o non_fw-la pergit_fw-la in_o exercitu_fw-la honorem_fw-la suum_fw-la &_o beneficium_fw-la perdat_fw-la whosoever_o have_v a_o fee_n from_o the_o prince_n and_o go_v not_o forth_o in_o his_o army_n shall_v lose_v his_o honour_n and_o fee_n ibidem_fw-la lib._n 1._o c._n 132._o omnes_fw-la episcopi_fw-la abbates_n abbatissae_n optimates_fw-la &_o comites_fw-la ceu_fw-la domestici_fw-la &_o cuncti_fw-la fideles_fw-la qui_fw-la beneficia_fw-la regalia_z tam_fw-la de_fw-la rebus_fw-la ecclesiasticis_fw-la quam_fw-la quae_fw-la de_fw-la reliquis_fw-la habere_fw-la videntur_fw-la unusquisque_fw-la svam_fw-la familiam_fw-la svo_fw-la beneficio_fw-la nutricare_fw-la faciat_fw-la etc._n etc._n all_o bishop_n abbat_n abbess_n great_a man_n earls_z or_o domestic_n and_o all_o vassal_n that_o have_v royal_a fee_n as_o well_o of_o church_n land_n as_o of_o other_o shall_v maintain_v their_o own_o family_n and_o such_o as_o belong_v to_o they_o upon_z or_o with_o their_o own_o fee_n etc._n etc._n again_o lib._n 3._o cap._n car._n c._n 19_o 20._o the_o emperor_n take_v notice_n that_o many_o of_o his_o earl_n and_o other_o vassal_n cheat_v he_o of_o his_o fee_n by_o give_v or_o grant_v the_o propriety_n of_o they_o to_o other_o and_o then_o by_o purchase_v they_o again_o in_o ipso_fw-la placito_fw-la in_o the_o public_a court_n acquire_v to_o themselves_o a_o inheritance_n and_o in_o many_o other_o place_n there_o be_v provision_n make_v for_o the_o order_n of_o these_o fee_n or_o beneficia_fw-la and_o vassi_fw-la dominici_fw-la comitum_fw-la ducis_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la imperatorum_fw-la regis_fw-la and_o ad_fw-la marchiam_fw-la custodiendam_fw-la constituti_fw-la be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o most_o of_o the_o german_a law_n now_o verbo_fw-la now_o hottom_n in_o verb._n feud_n in_o verbo_fw-la vassus_n be_v such_o a_o one_o as_o have_v receive_v a_o fee_n or_o beneficium_fw-la oblige_v his_o faith_n to_o the_o author_n or_o donor_n of_o it_o and_o be_v indeed_o the_o same_o with_o feudatarius_fw-la and_o beneficiarius_fw-la the_o reason_n why_o in_o these_o ancient_a time_n we_o find_v few_o law_n concern_v fee_n or_o beneficia_fw-la or_o that_o we_o want_v a_o just_a account_n of_o they_o be_v because_o the_o feudal_n law_n be_v then_o contain_v only_o in_o custom_n 871._o custom_n de_fw-fr feud_n disput_fw-la l._n 871._o and_o usage_n and_o not_o write_v until_o the_o time_n of_o frederick_n the_o first_o anno_fw-la domini_fw-la 1158._o radev_n invitâ_fw-la fred._n 1_o mi_fw-mi lib._n 2._o c._n 7._o n._n 30._o yet_o somewhat_o before_o this_o time_n there_o be_v extant_a a_o notable_a feudal_n constitution_n of_o conradus_n salicus_n who_o 40._o who_o wippo_n in_o vit_fw-mi chunrad_n fol._n fol._n 423._o n._n 20._o fol._n 424._o n._n 40._o be_v choose_v emperor_n in_o the_o plain_a between_o mentz_n and_o worm_n in_o germany_n and_o begin_v his_o reign_n anno_fw-la domini_fw-la 1024._o among_o the_o law_n of_o the_o longobard_n lib._n 3._o tit._n 8._o l._n 4._o conradus_n dei_fw-la gratia_n romanorum_fw-la imperator_fw-la etc._n etc._n praecipimus_fw-la &_o firmiter_fw-la statuimus_fw-la ut_fw-la nullus_fw-la miles_n episcoporum_fw-la abbatum_fw-la abbatissarum_fw-la marchionum_fw-la vel_fw-la comitum_fw-la vel_fw-la omnium_fw-la qui_fw-la beneficium_fw-la de_fw-fr nostris_fw-la publicis_fw-la bonis_fw-la aut_fw-la de_fw-la ecclesiarum_fw-la praediis_fw-la nunc_fw-la tenent_fw-la aut_fw-la tenuerint_fw-la fe_n conrades_n constitution_n about_o fe_n aut_fw-la hactenus_fw-la injustè_fw-fr perdiderint_fw-la etc._n etc._n conrade_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n emperor_n of_o the_o roman_n we_o command_v and_o firm_o enjoin_v that_o no_o mile_n knight_n or_o horseman_n of_o bishop_n abbat_n abesses_fw-la marquess_n or_o earl_n or_o of_o any_o which_o hold_v or_o have_v hold_v a_o benefice_n or_o fee_n of_o our_o public_a land_n or_o the_o farm_n of_o the_o church_n or_o have_v unjust_o lose_v they_o as_o well_o our_o great_a valvasore_n or_o feudatary_n as_o their_o verbo_fw-la their_o miles_n &_o vassallus_fw-la synonyma_fw-la hottom_n in_o verbo_fw-la milites_fw-la or_o vassal_n without_o a_o certain_a or_o evident_a fault_n shall_v lose_v his_o fee_n unless_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o our_o ancestor_n and_o the_o
liberty_n or_o freedom_n as_o whether_o he_o be_v a_o freeman_n or_o not_o or_o when_o the_o controversy_n be_v concern_v a_o inheritance_n in_o all_o other_o case_n the_o earl_n or_o come_v distrain_v they_o and_o the_o proceed_n be_v by_o distress_n by_o the_o word_n distringere_fw-la in_o the_o old_a german_a law_n be_v use_v as_o in_o we_o to_o force_v man_n to_o appear_v in_o court_n or_o give_v satisfaction_n by_o take_v a_o distress_n distringas_fw-la from_o the_o come_v after_o summons_n a_o method_n use_v this_o day_n in_o many_o if_o not_o all_o of_o our_o county_n and_o hundred_o court_n in_o this_o nation_n and_o if_o after_o the_o second_o summons_n they_o appear_v not_o all_o their_o good_n be_v seize_v ll._n longob_n lib._n 2._o tit._n 43._o c._n 2.4_o ll._n boioar._n tit._n 6._o also_o qui_fw-la ad_fw-la mallum_n legibus_fw-la mannitus_fw-la fuerit_fw-la &_o non_fw-la venerit_fw-la si_fw-la eum_fw-la sunnis_fw-la contain_v sunnis_fw-la sunnis_n a_o impediment_n or_o excuse_n hence_o the_o barbarous_a latin_a exonia_n and_o the_o french_a essoin_fw-fr and_o from_o they_o it_o come_v into_o our_o law_n and_o in_o cast_v and_o plead_v essoin_n a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o art_n of_o our_o old_a law_n be_v contain_v non_fw-la detinuerit_fw-la sol_fw-la 15._o culpabilis_fw-la judicetur_fw-la etc._n etc._n if_o any_o man_n according_a to_o law_n be_v summon_v to_o the_o mall_n and_o come_v not_o if_o he_o have_v no_o excuse_n or_o impediment_n he_o be_v punish_v fifteen_o shilling_n so_o the_o second_o and_o so_o the_o three_o time_n the_o four_o time_n he_o be_v in_o contempt_n and_o his_o possession_n be_v seize_v until_o he_o appear_v and_o give_v satisfaction_n in_o the_o matter_n for_o which_o he_o be_v summon_v and_o if_o he_o have_v no_o propriety_n of_o his_o own_o his_o fee_n if_o he_o have_v one_o be_v seize_v the_o first_o summons_n be_v upon_o a_o week_n notice_n the_o second_o a_o fourteenight_n the_o three_o three_o week_n and_o the_o four_o 42_o night_n or_o six_o week_n the_o summons_n be_v thus_o make_v he_o that_o summon_v another_o man_n go_v to_o his_o house_n with_o witness_n make_v how_o summons_n be_v make_v and_o summon_v he_o in_o his_o own_o person_n but_o if_o he_o find_v he_o not_o he_o give_v his_o wife_n notice_n or_o any_o of_o his_o family_n that_o they_o shall_v tell_v he_o he_o be_v summon_v which_o be_v sufficient_a ll._n salique_a tit._n 1._o §_o 3._o and_o in_o many_o other_o law_n it_o be_v probable_a the_o come_v make_v his_o summons_n by_o a_o writ_n or_o short_a writing_n in_o manner_n of_o a_o citation_n a_o form_n of_o which_o be_v extant_a in_o marculph_n formulae_fw-la n._n 116._o as_o to_o the_o english_a saxon_n mr._n lambard_n 65._o lambard_n arch._n p._n 64_o 65._o think_v their_o proceed_n in_o judgement_n be_v the_o plano_fw-la and_o without_o solemnity_n they_o use_v for_o aught_o he_o can_v observe_v not_o to_o call_v the_o party_n by_o writ_n or_o writing_n but_o send_v for_o they_o by_o certain_a messenger_n or_o minister_n such_o as_o we_o from_o the_o norman_n call_v sergeant_n from_o the_o latin_a serviens_fw-la a_o servant_n and_o if_o they_o do_v use_v any_o writ_n it_o be_v strange_a the_o form_n of_o some_o of_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v find_v in_o the_o leiger_n or_o book_n of_o some_o of_o our_o old_a monastery_n or_o in_o some_o of_o our_o old_a historian_n yet_o one_o there_o be_v in_o spelm._n gloss_n cite_v out_o of_o the_o book_n of_o ramsey_n in_o hardy-cnute's_a time_n about_o 1041._o a_o possessionary_a writ_n to_o the_o burgher_n of_o thetford_n by_o which_o he_o will_v and_o command_v that_o aethelstane_n abbot_n of_o ramesey_n shall_v have_v his_o house_n or_o farm_n in_o thetford_n in_o norfolk_n as_o full_o and_o free_o etc._n etc._n but_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v of_o a_o late_a date_n and_o make_v after_o the_o norman_a mode_n by_o the_o stile_n of_o it_o and_o put_v in_o here_o to_o secure_v the_o title_n though_o we_o have_v no_o clear_a example_n of_o the_o process_n and_o judgement_n here_o in_o the_o english_a saxon_a time_n yet_o we_o find_v some_o very_a ancient_a among_o the_o german_n by_o which_o we_o may_v receive_v some_o light_n perhaps_o how_o they_o proceed_v in_o this_o nation_n germany_n nation_n appendix_n the_o form_n of_o a_o judgement_n in_o old_a germany_n one_o hrothelm_n come_v to_o the_o public_a mall_n for_o the_o hear_n of_o all_o cause_n hold_v by_o humfrid_n earl_n of_o rhaetia_n in_o his_o court_n in_o the_o field_n the_o seven_o year_n of_o the_o empire_n of_o charles_n the_o great_a anno_fw-la dom._n 807._o or_o there_o about_o complain_v to_o the_o come_v and_o claim_v a_o house_n unjust_o withhold_v from_o he_o the_o earl_n call_v together_o the_o witness_n which_o be_v of_o the_o very_a country_n where_o the_o house_n be_v and_o charge_v they_o upon_o their_o oath_n that_o they_o shall_v speak_v the_o truth_n what_o they_o know_v in_o that_o cause_n and_o they_o say_v they_o know_v the_o bound_n of_o the_o house_n and_o the_o ground_n that_o one_o mado_n have_v border_v upon_o it_o and_o they_o set_v out_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o house_n and_o land_n what_o belong_v to_o hrothelm_v and_o what_o to_o mado_n than_o he_o command_v they_o to_o go_v upon_o the_o place_n and_o show_v the_o bound_n which_o they_o do_v and_o fix_v the_o bound_n between_o the_o two_o dwelling_n as_o they_o have_v say_v and_o the_o earl_n direct_v many_o noble_n there_o present_a to_o go_v with_o they_o this_o be_v do_v the_o come_v ask_v the_o scabin_n what_o they_o will_v judge_v in_o that_o cause_n and_o they_o say_v according_a to_o the_o testimony_n of_o those_o man_n and_o his_o inquisition_n and_o judgement_n be_v give_v according_o these_o be_v the_o name_n of_o the_o witness_n or_o juror_n valeriano_n burgolfo_n vrsone_n stefano_n majornio_n valerio_n leontio_n victore_fw-la maurestone_n frontiano_n florentio_n siptone_n valentiano_n quintello_n stradaris_n these_o be_v the_o name_n of_o the_o scabin_n flavino_n orcisino_n odmaro_n alexandro_n eusebio_n maurentio_n and_o very_o many_o other_o append_v n._n 1_o 2_o 3_o 4_o 5._o in_o append_v see_v the_o judgement_n its_o self_n in_o barbarous_a provincial_a latin_n and_o that_o these_o testes_fw-la be_v the_o same_o we_o call_v juror_n or_o juryman_n be_v evident_a from_o the_o law_n of_o the_o longob_n lib._n 2._o tit._n 51._o de_fw-la testibus_fw-la the_o best_a person_n in_o every_o territory_n or_o city_n against_o which_o there_o be_v no_o crime_n be_v testes_fw-la and_o juror_n the_o same_o in_o pago_fw-la vel_fw-la civitate_fw-la what_o sort_n of_o man_n the_o testes_fw-la be_v to_o be_v be_v to_o be_v witness_n c._n 3._o the_o come_v or_o judge_n be_v to_o admit_v none_o of_o ill_a fame_n in_o their_o country_n to_o be_v witness_n c._n 7._o witness_n not_o to_o be_v of_o any_o other_o county_n nisi_fw-la de_fw-fr illo_fw-la comitatu_fw-la where_o the_o thing_n in_o controversy_n be_v because_o it_o be_v presume_v none_o can_v know_v better_o the_o state_n and_o condition_n of_o a_o man_n whether_o free_a or_o a_o slave_n or_o the_o possession_n of_o any_o man_n better_a than_o their_o neighbour_n such_o as_o be_v near_a they_o c._n 11._o such_o freeman_n only_o as_o have_v a_o propriety_n of_o their_o own_o be_v admit_v to_o be_v witness_n and_o not_o tenant_n or_o such_o as_o reside_v upon_o their_o lord_n land_n and_o have_v no_o propriety_n of_o their_o own_o yet_o such_o may_v be_v conjurator_n of_o other_o freeman_n because_o they_o be_v freeman_n c._n 15._o capit._fw-la car._n &_o ludou._n lib._n 5._o c._n 150._o now_o let_v any_o man_n consider_v these_o qualification_n of_o their_o witness_n and_o he_o must_v think_v they_o the_o same_o with_o our_o ancient_a juror_n or_o juryman_n in_o england_n for_o witness_n in_o private_a cause_n between_o man_n and_o man_n can_v not_o be_v capable_a of_o these_o circumstance_n and_o that_o in_o all_o probability_n juror_n be_v use_v all_o old_a germany_n over_o before_o we_o have_v they_o here_o and_o also_o that_o the_o twelve_o thanes_z mention_v in_o king_n edgar_n law_n be_v scabin_n inferior_a judge_n and_o assessor_n with_o the_o alderman_n and_o not_o juror_n somewhat_o like_o our_o justice_n of_o peace_n at_o our_o assize_n before_o the_o conquest_n and_o at_o the_o time_n of_o make_v the_o survey_n on_o doomesday-book_n the_o juror_n here_o be_v also_o call_v witness_n ll._n canut_n polit_fw-la c._n 76._o he_o that_o have_v defend_v or_o secure_v his_o land_n by_o the_o testimony_n or_o witness_n of_o the_o county_n be_v scire_fw-la gewitness_n and_o in_o doomsday_n the_o verdict_n of_o the_o jury_n be_v often_o call_v the_o testimony_n or_o witness_n of_o the_o county_n or_o hundred_o clamores_fw-la de_fw-la eurwicscire_fw-la north_n trede_n homines_fw-la qui_fw-la
thomas_n in_o the_o archbishopric_n for_o there_o never_o be_v one_o of_o that_o name_n archbishop_n but_o be_v his_o antecessor_n in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o soak_v of_o these_o ten_o bovate_v of_o land_n which_o soak_v be_v mortgage_v or_o the_o gage_n assign_v to_o the_o archbishop_n who_o be_v a_o norman_a for_o three_o pound_n ibidem_fw-la clamores_fw-la in_o north-treding_a lincoliae_n in_o limberge_n clamat_fw-la ivo_n tallebose_n super_fw-la regem_fw-la vi_fw-la boxat_fw-la terrae_fw-la dicunt_fw-la homines_fw-la comitatus_fw-la quod_fw-la ipse_fw-la debet_fw-la habere_fw-la terram_fw-la &_o rex_fw-la socam_fw-la very_o many_o more_o plea_n there_o be_v of_o title_n and_o for_o the_o possession_n of_o estate_n of_o different_a sort_n before_o the_o county_n hundred_o wapentacks_n treding_n or_o trihing_n in_o the_o conqueror_n survey_n but_o all_o between_o norman_n and_o norman_n or_o those_o and_o king_n william_n or_o between_o bishop_n religious_a and_o ecclesiastic_n and_o the_o king_n or_o lay_v norman_n who_o have_v seize_v church-land_n and_o no_o plea_n of_o title_n between_o english_a saxon_n or_o between_o they_o unless_o they_o be_v churchman_n or_o religious_a and_o norman_n nor_o no_o such_o fabulous_a plea_n as_o the_o pretend_a plea_n of_o sharnburn_n of_o which_o more_o afterward_o from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o conqueror_n county_n a_o writ_n from_o william_n rufus_n for_o assemble_v the_o county_n we_o proceed_v to_o the_o reign_n of_o william_n rufus_n and_o in_o the_o very_a beginning_n of_o it_o we_o find_v this_o writ_n or_o precept_n direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o northamptonshire_n 178._o northamptonshire_n spelm._n gloss_n verb._n tainland_n ex_fw-la lib._n de_fw-fr ram_n sect._n 178._o willielmus_fw-la rex_fw-la angliae_fw-la w._n de_fw-fr cataloge_n de_fw-fr a_o norman_a who_o come_v in_o with_o conqu_n vid._n cataloge_n cahaniis_fw-la salutem_fw-la praecipio_fw-la tibi_fw-la ut_fw-la facias_fw-la convenire_fw-la shiram_n de_fw-la hamtonâ_fw-la &_o judicio_fw-la ejus_fw-la cognosce_fw-la si_fw-la terra_fw-la de_fw-fr isham_n reddidit_fw-la firmam_fw-la monachis_fw-la sancti_fw-la benedicti_fw-la tempore_fw-la patris_fw-la mei_fw-la &_o si_fw-la ita_fw-la inventum_fw-la fuerit_fw-la si_fw-la in_o dominio_fw-la abbatis_fw-la sit_fw-la vero_fw-la tainlanda_n tunc_fw-la fuisse_fw-la invenietur_fw-la qui_fw-la eam_fw-la tenet_fw-la de_fw-fr abbate_n teneat_fw-la &_o recognoscat_fw-la quod_fw-la si_fw-la noluerit_fw-la eam_fw-la abbas_n in_fw-la dominio_fw-la habeat_fw-la &_o vide_fw-la ne_fw-la clamour_n inde_fw-la amplius_fw-la ad_fw-la nos_fw-la redeat_fw-la testae_fw-la testae_fw-la this_o be_v william_n the_o carile_a former_a bishop_n of_o duresm_n and_o 30._o and_o malm_n de_fw-fr gestis_fw-la reg._n fol._n 67._o b._n n._n 30._o justiciary_a of_o england_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o rufus_n his_o reign_n w._n episcopo_fw-la dunelm_n there_o be_v also_o another_o precept_n of_o this_o king_n cite_v by_o the_o same_o learned_a sir_n court_n sir_n glossar_n fol._n 303._o col_fw-fr 1._o a_o trihing_n court_n henry_n spelman_n which_o run_v thus_o willielmus_fw-la rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la h._n camerario_fw-la salutem_fw-la facias_fw-la convenire_fw-la &_o consedere_fw-la tres_fw-fr hundredas_n &_o dimid_n apud_fw-la meet_v apud_fw-la the_o place_n where_o the_o hundred_o of_o freebridge_n citra_fw-la lynn_n in_o norfolk_n use_v to_o meet_v flicchamburch_n propter_fw-la terram_fw-la illam_fw-la de_fw-la holm_n quae_fw-la pertinet_fw-la ad_fw-la ringstedam_fw-la &_o quam_fw-la abbas_n ramesiae_fw-la clamat_fw-la ad_fw-la victum_fw-la &_o vestitum_fw-la monachorum_fw-la suorum_fw-la &_o si_fw-fr abbas_n poterit_fw-la respondere_fw-la ratione_fw-la &_o testimonio_fw-la comprovincialium_fw-la quod_fw-la antecessor_n illius_fw-la eandem_fw-la terram_fw-la habuerit_fw-la eâ_fw-la die_fw-la quâ_fw-la pater_fw-la meus_fw-la fuit_fw-la vivus_fw-la &_o mortuus_fw-la tunc_fw-la praecipio_fw-la ut_fw-la illam_fw-la terram_fw-la &_o omne_fw-la quae_fw-la justè_fw-la pertinent_a ad_fw-la abbatiam_fw-la svam_fw-la pacificè_fw-la &_o honorificè_fw-la habeat_fw-la testae_fw-la hold_v testae_fw-la roger_n bigod_n be_v then_o neither_o chancellor_n nor_o justiciary_a of_o england_n but_o earl_n of_o norfolk_n in_o which_o county_n the_o plea_n be_v hold_v r._n bigod_n apud_fw-la wendesoriam_fw-la to_o these_o may_v be_v add_v a_o charter_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o assembly_n a_o charter_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o for_o hold_v county_n and_o hundred_o assembly_n for_o the_o hold_n of_o county_n and_o hundred_o meeting_n publish_v 2._o publish_v glossar_n fol._n 302._o col_fw-fr 2._o by_o the_o same_o author_n henricus_fw-la rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la anglorum_fw-la he_o be_v a_o norman_a and_o canon_n of_o baieux_n make_v bishop_n of_o 509._o of_o godw._n de_fw-fr praes_fw-la an._n f._n 509._o worcester_z 1097._o samsoni_fw-la episcopo_fw-la &_o &_o he_o be_v sometime_o call_v vrso_n de_fw-fr wircestreshire_n de_fw-fr doom_n in_o wircestreshire_n wirecestre_fw-fr and_o sometime_o vrso_n vicecomes_a vrso_n dugd._n baron_n f._n 406._o c._n 2._o urso_n vicecomes_a vicecomes_a he_o be_v hereditary_a sheriff_n of_o worcestershire_n come_v in_o with_o the_o conqueror_n and_o have_v forty_o hide_n of_o land_n in_o worcestershire_n beside_o two_o lordship_n in_o warwickshire_n and_o one_o in_o glocestershire_n vrsoni_fw-la de_fw-la abitot_n &_o omnibus_fw-la omnibus_fw-la barones_n here_n baro._n here_n vid._n spel._n gloss_n verbo_fw-la baro._n be_v to_o be_v understand_v milites_fw-la such_o as_o hold_v by_o military-service_n or_o barones_n minores_fw-la lord_n of_o town_n or_o manner_n or_o perhaps_o freeholders_n which_o if_o any_o then_o they_o be_v of_o better_a account_n before_o town-ship_n manner_n and_o land_n be_v parcel_v but_o into_o small_a division_n baronibus_fw-la francis_n &_o anglicis_fw-la de_fw-fr wircestrescira_n salutem_fw-la sciatis_fw-la quod_fw-la concedo_fw-la &_o praecipio_fw-la ut_fw-la amodo_fw-la comitatus_fw-la mei_fw-la 233_o mei_fw-la godw._n de_fw-fr praes_fw-la an._n p._n 233_o &_o hundreda_n in_o illis_fw-la locis_fw-la &_o eisdem_fw-la terminis_fw-la sedeat_fw-la sicut_fw-la sederunt_fw-la in_o tempore_fw-la regis_fw-la edvardi_fw-la &_o non_fw-la aliter_fw-la ego_fw-la enim_fw-la quando_fw-la voluero_fw-la faciam_fw-la ea_fw-la satis_fw-la summoneri_fw-la propter_fw-la mea_fw-la dominica_fw-la necessaria_fw-la ad_fw-la voluntatem_fw-la meam_fw-la et_fw-la si_fw-la quando_fw-la exurgat_fw-la placitum_fw-la de_fw-la divisione_n terrarum_fw-la si_fw-mi interest_n he_o interest_n noble_a man_n the_o king_n baron_n such_o as_o hold_v immediate_o of_o he_o barones_n meos_fw-la dominicos_fw-la tractetur_fw-la placitum_fw-la in_o curiâ_fw-la mâ—â_fw-la &_o si_fw-la inter_fw-la s_o vavasores_fw-la duorum_fw-la dominorum_fw-la tractetur_fw-la in_o comitatu_fw-la &_o hoc_fw-la duello_n fiat_fw-la nisi_fw-la in_o eye_n remanserit_fw-la et_fw-la volo_fw-la &_o praecipio_fw-la ut_fw-la omnes_fw-la de_fw-la comitatu_fw-la eant_fw-la ad_fw-la comitatum_fw-la &_o hundreda_n sicut_fw-la fecerunt_fw-la t._n r._n e._n nec_fw-la ramaneant_fw-la propter_fw-la aliquam_fw-la causam_fw-la pacem_fw-la meam_fw-la vel_fw-la quietudinem_fw-la here_o want_v non_fw-la habebunt_fw-la i_o guess_v qui_fw-la non_fw-la sequuntur_fw-la placita_fw-la mea_fw-la &_o judicia_fw-la mea_fw-la sicut_fw-la tunc_fw-la temporis_fw-la fecissent_fw-la testae_fw-la r._n 1108._o r._n richard_z the_o beaume_v a_o norman_a consecrate_v 5._o 1108._o episcopo_fw-la londinensi_fw-la &_o r._n episcopo_fw-la ranulpho_n cancellario_fw-la &_o r._n comite_fw-la de_fw-la mellent_fw-la apud_fw-la radinge_n court_n henry_n the_o first_o reserve_v a_o power_n for_o his_o own_o business_n to_o conuâ—ne_v the_o county_n or_o hundred_o at_o pleasure_n and_o reserve_v the_o controversy_n of_o his_o great_a baron_n to_o his_o own_o court_n here_o henry_n the_o first_o reserve_v a_o power_n of_o convening_n the_o hundred_o and_o county_n when_o he_o please_v for_o his_o own_o proper_a business_n and_o also_o reserve_v the_o controversy_n of_o the_o great_a baron_n that_o hold_v immediate_o of_o he_o to_o be_v agitate_a in_o his_o own_o court_n permit_v the_o trial_n between_o the_o vavasor_n or_o great_a tenant_n of_o two_o mean_a lord_n to_o the_o county_n this_o method_n of_o decide_v controversy_n and_o variance_n be_v in_o use_n in_o henry_n the_o second_v reign_v as_o appear_v by_o this_o 2._o this_o dugd_v orig_n jurisd_v fol._n 23._o col_fw-fr 2._o writ_n writ_n he_o be_v c._n be_v gul._n pictav_n 202._o c._n son_n of_o roger_n de_fw-fr bellomont_n be_v bellomont_n gemet_n 3â—2_n a._n b._n robert_n earl_n of_o leicester_n who_o he_o be_v grandson_n to_o turolf_n of_o pont_n adomar_n by_o weva_n sister_n to_o gunnora_fw-es first_o concubine_n than_o wife_n to_o richard_n the_o first_o duke_n of_o normandy_n great_a grandfather_n to_o the_o conqueror_n robertus_fw-la comes_fw-la legecestriae_fw-la priori_fw-la de_fw-la ely_n salutem_fw-la praecipio_fw-la quod_fw-la sine_fw-la dilatione_fw-la teneas_fw-la plenum_fw-la rectum_fw-la humfrido_n filio_fw-la gaufridi_fw-la de_fw-la terrâ_fw-la dunnigeland_n nisi_fw-la sit_fw-la feodum_fw-la militis_fw-la &_o nisi_fw-la remaneat_fw-la pro_fw-la assiza_n regis_fw-la et_fw-la nisi_fw-la feceris_fw-la episcopus_fw-la de_fw-fr ely_n faciat_fw-la &_o nisi_fw-la fecerit_fw-la ego_fw-la faciam_fw-la here_o the_o earl_n of_o leicester_n command_v the_o prior_n of_o ely_n to_o do_v the_o demandment_n right_a in_o his_o court_n which_o be_v probable_o a_o court_n baron_fw-fr if_o not_o the_o bishop_n shall_v in_o his_o superior_a
court_n and_o if_o neither_o than_o he_o himself_o will_v do_v it_o there_o need_v no_o more_o instance_n in_o a_o matter_n so_o apparent_a and_o that_o never_o be_v dispute_v or_o deny_v that_o for_o many_o king_n reign_n trial_n for_o considerable_a estate_n in_o land_n debt_n 37._o debt_n bacon_n use_n of_o the_o law_n etc._n etc._n p._n 37._o under_o forty_o pound_n value_n and_o almost_o all_o controversy_n be_v have_v in_o the_o court_n baron_fw-fr hundred_o or_o county_n court_v 6._o court_v old_a natur._n brev._n fol._n 2._o glan_n l._n 12._o c_o 6._o the_o writ_n of_o right_o be_v always_o bring_v first_o in_o the_o lord_n court_n of_o who_o the_o land_n hold_v etc._n hold_v ib_a cap._n 7._o write_v of_o right_o first_o bring_v in_o the_o lord_n court_n etc._n etc._n and_o can_v not_o be_v take_v from_o thence_o into_o the_o county_n unless_o it_o be_v prove_v that_o the_o lord_n fail_v in_o do_v right_n and_o without_o such_o proof_n if_o they_o be_v remove_v the_o lord_n may_v resume_v they_o and_o pass_v judgement_n in_o his_o court_n where_o both_o the_o demandant_n and_o tenent_n agree_v the_o land_n in_o question_n to_o hold_v of_o the_o same_o lord_n 7._o lord_n ib_a cap._n 8._o &_o lib._n 3._o cap._n 7._o but_o if_o they_o claim_v to_o hold_v of_o diverse_a lord_n the_o case_n be_v then_o judge_v in_o the_o court_n of_o the_o chief_a lord_n or_o the_o county_n court_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o lord_n they_o claim_v to_o hold_v of_o who_o be_v summon_v to_o be_v present_a at_o the_o trial._n tenant_n trial._n glan_n lib._n 9_o c._n 8_o 9_o 10._o the_o lord_n of_o a_o manner_n his_o right_a and_o power_n over_o his_o tenant_n the_o lord_n also_o of_o a_o manner_n by_o his_o own_o right_n without_o the_o king_n be_v or_o his_o chief_a justiciaries_n precept_n have_v power_n by_o the_o judgement_n of_o his_o court_n that_o be_v by_o the_o presentment_n or_o verdict_n of_o his_o tenant_n or_o suitor_n to_o distrain_v his_o tenant_n by_o their_o 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29_o 31_o etc._n etc._n spelm._n gloss_n verb._n commit_v fol._n 143._o bract._n l._n 3._o c._n 7._o and_o where_o they_o be_v try_v be_v determine_v in_o every_o decury_n tithing_n or_o township_n between_o those_o of_o the_o same_o tithe_n decury_n or_o township_n but_o if_o the_o party_n litigant_fw-la be_v of_o divers_a township_n than_o the_o controversy_n be_v determine_v in_o the_o hundred_o if_o they_o be_v of_o divers_a hundred_o then_o in_o the_o trihing_n lath_n or_o county_n mulct_n county_n bracton_n l._n 3._o cap._n 7._o controversy_n between_o man_n of_o different_a jurisdiction_n when_o and_o where_o try_v suitor_n to_o the_o several_a court_n bind_v to_o appear_v under_o great_a mulct_n where_o the_o sheriff_n be_v justiciary_a and_o perhaps_o if_o they_o be_v of_o divers_a county_n than_o they_o have_v right_o do_v they_o in_o the_o king_n court._n so_o it_o be_v for_o person_n within_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o same_o manor_n hundred_o or_o county_n but_o if_o they_o be_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o several_a lord_n hundred_o or_o county_n their_o difference_n be_v determine_v by_o a_o superior_a court_n whether_o it_o be_v the_o court_n of_o the_o chief_a lord_n sheriff_z or_o king_n and_o for_o the_o more_o certain_a do_v of_o justice_n and_o right_n all_o the_o suitor_n within_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o several_a court_n especial_o those_o of_o the_o hundred_o and_o county_z court_n dorso_o court_n spâ—lm_n gloss_n 303._o c._n 1_o doomesd_v tit._n cestreshire_n in_o derby_n hund_v clau_n 3._o h._n 3._o in_o dorso_fw-la in_o 13._o clau_n 9_o h_o 3._o m._n 11._o in_o dorso_o be_v bind_v to_o appear_v under_o forfeiture_n forfeiture_n motes_n forfeiture_n doom_n tit._n cestreshire_n derby_n hund._n the_o punishment_n of_o such_o as_o go_v not_o to_o the_o shire_n and_o hund_v motes_n such_o as_o go_v not_o to_o the_o scire_fw-la mote_n or_o county_n court_n without_o reasonable_a excuse_n forfeit_v ten_o shilling_n which_o be_v more_o than_o ten_o pound_n at_o this_o time_n nor_o go_v to_o the_o assembly_n of_o the_o hundred_o when_o command_v lose_v five_o shilling_n great_a mulct_n and_o penalty_n that_o there_o may_v be_v some_o present_n of_o the_o neighbourhood_n or_o same_o parish_n who_o do_v know_v the_o land_n and_o thing_n in_o question_n and_o who_o have_v be_v possess_v of_o it_o and_o for_o what_o time_n and_o to_o this_o purpose_n in_o a_o assize_n if_o 113._o if_o glanv_n l_o 2._o cap._n 1._o &_o grand_a custom_n c._n 93._o etc._n etc._n 113._o none_o of_o the_o juror_n juror_n milites_fw-la verbo_fw-la milites_fw-la spel._n gloss_n in_o verbo_fw-la who_o though_o according_a to_o the_o notion_n of_o our_o time_n they_o be_v no_o knight_n yet_o they_o be_v of_o the_o better_a sort_n of_o people_n in_o the_o country_n and_o of_o the_o best_a reputation_n such_o as_o hold_v by_o knight_n or_o military-service_n know_v the_o right_n itself_o or_o truth_n of_o the_o matter_n and_o it_o be_v testify_v to_o the_o court_n upon_o oath_n recourse_n be_v then_o have_v to_o other_o until_o such_o be_v find_v who_o do_v know_v the_o truth_n but_o if_o some_o of_o they_o do_v know_v the_o truth_n and_o other_o not_o those_o that_o know_v it_o not_o be_v set_v aside_o and_o other_o call_v into_o the_o court_n until_o twelve_o at_o the_o least_o shall_v be_v find_v to_o agree_v therein_o question_n therein_o ibidem_fw-la twelve_o at_o least_o ought_v to_o know_v the_o thing_n in_o question_n also_o if_o some_o of_o they_o do_v speak_v for_o one_o of_o the_o litigant_n and_o some_o for_o the_o other_o there_o be_v more_o add_v to_o they_o until_o twelve_o at_o least_o do_v agree_v on_o one_o side_n and_o every_o of_o they_o be_v to_o swear_v be_v call_v thereto_o that_o they_o shall_v not_o say_v false_o nor_o know_o forbear_v to_o speak_v the_o truth_n hear_n truth_n glanv_n l._n 2._o c._n 17._o and_o grand_a custom_n c._n 113._o by_o their_o own_o proper_a view_n and_o hear_n and_o further_o that_o such_o as_o be_v swear_v may_v have_v the_o better_a understanding_n of_o the_o matter_n it_o be_v require_v that_o by_o their_o own_o proper_a view_n or_o hear_n they_o have_v have_v knowledge_n of_o the_o thing_n in_o question_n and_o by_o 12._o by_o cap._n 12._o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la it_o appear_v that_o the_o assize_n or_o trial_n of_o of_o what_o of_o nome_v in_o assize_n of_o novel_a disseisin_n mort._n de_fw-fr ancester_n what_o where_o one_o be_v late_o disseize_v or_o dispossess_v of_o his_o land_n or_o tenement_n rent_n office_n etc._n etc._n novel_a disseisin_n and_o and_o ancester_n and_o ib._n in_o assize_n de_fw-la mort._n de_fw-fr ancester_n where_o father_n mother_n brother_n sister_n etc._n etc._n die_v seize_v or_o possess_v of_o land_n tenement_n etc._n etc._n and_o a_o stranger_n according_a to_o the_o law_n phrase_n abate_v that_o be_v enter_v upon_o they_o before_o the_o heir_n take_v possession_n mort_fw-fr d'ancester_n be_v only_o to_o be_v take_v in_o their_o 98._o their_o as_o in_o normandy_n in_o their_o proper_a balliage_n or_o bayliwick_n which_o be_v answerable_a to_o our_o county_n before_o the_o bailiff_n who_o be_v judge_n of_o the_o assize_n there_o grand_fw-fr custom_n c._n 93_o &_o 98._o proper_a county_n and_o by_o justice_n send_v by_o the_o king_n and_o the_o the_o this_o way_n of_o try_v title_n by_o juries_n or_o something_o very_o like_o it_o be_v use_v upon_o the_o make_v the_o general_a &c_n general_a selden_n in_o praef_n ad_fw-la eadmer_n fol._n 15._o &_o doomesd_v tit._n clamores_fw-la in_o sudtrede_n &c_n &c_n survey_v of_o england_n in_o the_o time_n of_o william_n the_o conqueror_n and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o about_o that_o time_n viz._n about_o the_o year_n 1077_o or_o 1078._o there_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v 50._o be_v ingulph_n
sickness_n or_o other_o impediment_n before_o battle_n then_o by_o this_o or_o that_o person_n as_o many_o as_o he_o will_v which_o be_v present_a and_o show_v in_o court_n who_o have_v see_v and_o hear_v of_o the_o thing_n in_o controversy_n or_o thus_o and_o this_o i_o be_o ready_a to_o try_v by_o this_o my_o freeman_n d._n unto_o who_o his_o father_n on_o his_o deathbed_n enjoin_v upon_o the_o duty_n of_o a_o son_n which_o he_o ought_v to_o he_o that_o if_o at_o any_o time_n he_o shall_v hear_v of_o a_o suit_n for_o that_o land_n he_o shall_v adventure_v himself_o by_o combat_n to_o prove_v it_o assize_n the_o tenant_n have_v his_o choice_n to_o defend_v himself_o by_o duel_n or_o grand_a assize_n as_o that_o which_o his_o father_n have_v see_v and_o hear_v the_o claim_n of_o the_o demandant_n thus_o hear_v it_o be_v in_o the_o 8._o choice_n of_o the_o tenent_n to_o defend_v the_o same_o against_o the_o demandant_n by_o duel_n or_o put_v himself_o upon_o the_o great_a assize_n of_o the_o king_n and_o to_o require_v a_o 92._o a_o enquest_n recognoisant_a grand_fw-fr custom_n c._n 92._o recognition_n which_o of_o they_o have_v most_o right_o in_o that_o land_n ibidem_fw-la land_n ibidem_fw-la and_o if_o he_o will_v defend_v it_o by_o duel_n he_o be_v then_o oblige_v to_o defend_v himself_o against_o the_o claim_n of_o the_o demandant_n in_o the_o very_a word_n it_o be_v make_v either_o by_o himself_o or_o some_o other_o fit_a person_n and_o that_o the_o combat_n once_o wage_v he_o that_o hold_v the_o land_n ought_v to_o defend_v it_o that_o way_n and_o can_v not_o afterward_o put_v himself_o upon_o the_o great_a assize_n ibidem_fw-la assize_n ibidem_fw-la and_o note_v before_o the_o duel_n begin_v it_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o demandant_n to_o appear_v in_o court_n and_o have_v his_o champion_n there_o ready_a to_o fight_v nor_o may_v he_o bring_v any_o other_o than_o one_o of_o those_o he_o first_o show_v in_o the_o court_n upon_o who_o he_o put_v the_o 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also_o defend_v the_o right_n of_o his_o fee_n and_o inheritance_n by_o combat_n recreant_a combat_n ibid._n c._n 3._o in_o fine_a the_o punishment_n of_o a_o recreant_a the_o battle_n end_v the_o vanquish_a person_n be_v law_n be_v this_o be_v a_o great_a penalty_n in_o those_o day_n and_o in_o the_o saxon_a time_n one_o of_o the_o high_a for_o great_a crime_n as_o appear_v every_o where_n in_o their_o law_n punish_v sixty_o shilling_n as_o a_o recreant_a or_o coward_n and_o moreover_o lose_v the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n recreant_a land_n ibid._n c._n 3._o in_o fine_a the_o punishment_n of_o a_o recreant_a and_o if_o the_o champion_n of_o the_o tenent_n or_o defendant_n be_v overcome_v his_o lord_n patron_n or_o master_n lose_v the_o land_n claim_v with_o the_o profit_n and_o commodity_n find_v upon_o it_o at_o the_o time_n of_o seisin_n and_o can_v never_o afterward_o be_v hear_v in_o court_n again_o for_o the_o same_o for_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v determine_v in_o the_o king_n court_n by_o duel_n be_v to_o remain_v firm_a for_o ever_o and_o thereupon_o a_o precept_n be_v direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n that_o the_o victor_n shall_v have_v the_o land_n which_o by_o combat_n be_v prove_v to_o be_v his_o and_o shall_v be_v put_v in_o seisin_n of_o it_o by_o this_o battle_n this_o ibid._n c._n 4._o a_o writ_n of_o seisin_n to_o the_o victor_n after_o battle_n writ_n the_o king_n to_o the_o sheriff_n greeting_n i_o command_v you_o that_o without_o delay_n you_o cause_n m._n to_o be_v seize_v or_o give_v he_o possession_n of_o one_o hide_v of_o land_n in_o such_o a_o town_n concern_v which_o there_o have_v be_v a_o plea_n or_o controversy_n in_o my_o court_n because_o the_o say_a hide_n of_o land_n be_v adjudge_v to_o he_o in_o my_o court_n by_o determination_n of_o combat_n witness_n ranulph_n etc._n etc._n 5._o etc._n ibid._n c._n 5._o thus_o it_o be_v if_o the_o demandant_n prevail_v in_o the_o combat_n but_o if_o his_o champion_n be_v overcome_v than_o the_o tenent_n or_o defendant_n be_v acquit_v from_o his_o claim_n thus_o much_o glanvil_n of_o trial_n by_o combat_n in_o civil_a case_n in_o criminal_a case_n it_o be_v also_o use_v case_n duel_n or_o battle_n in_o criminal_a case_n but_o more_o especial_o in_o appeal_n of_o treason_n and_o murder_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o this_o trial_n 18_o trial_n lib._n 3._o c._n 18_o bracton_n deliver_v begin_v thus_o of_o those_o which_o be_v take_v for_o any_o crime_n or_o great_a felony_n as_o for_o the_o death_n of_o a_o man_n etc._n etc._n 3._o etc._n ibid._n n._n 3._o when_o the_o delinquent_n be_v bring_v forth_o and_o accuse_v in_o court_n and_o confess_v the_o crime_n there_o be_v sufficient_a ground_n for_o a_o full_a and_o complete_a judgement_n but_o if_o he_o deny_v it_o and_o any_o one_o appeal_v he_o of_o the_o crime_n and_o that_o he_o do_v not_o except_v except_v there_o be_v many_o exception_n to_o be_v take_v many_o several_a way_n in_o this_o way_n of_o trial_n appellant_n 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pass_v but_o with_o his_o consent_n and_o advise_v that_o be_v nothing_o can_v be_v seal_v without_o his_o allowance_n or_o privity_n as_o it_o there_o appear_v but_o the_o justiciary_a surmount_v he_o and_o all_o other_o in_o his_o authority_n and_o he_o 331._o he_o spelm._n gloss_n f._n l._n 331._o alone_o be_v endow_v with_o and_o exercise_v all_o the_o power_n which_o afterward_o be_v execute_v by_o the_o four_o chief_a judge_n that_o be_v the_o chief_a justice_n of_o the_o kings-bench_n the_o chief_a justice_n of_o common-plea_n 1234._o steph._n segrave_n mat._n paris_n a._n d._n 1234._o chief_a baron_n of_o the_o exchequer_n and_o the_o master_n of_o the_o court_n of_o ward_n as_o sir_n ibidem_fw-la sir_n ibidem_fw-la henry_n spelman_n make_v it_o out_o by_o the_o article_n exhibit_v against_o hubert_n de_fw-fr burgo_n there_o cite_v out_o of_o mat._n 50._o mat._n fol._n 376._o n._n 30_o 40_o 50._o paris_n and_o other_o instance_n sup_n instance_n spâ—lm_n gloss_n ut_fw-la sup_n the_o baron_n by_o right_a of_o dignity_n in_o all_o case_n many_o other_o by_o right_a of_o tenure_n and_o most_o by_o privilege_n grant_v by_o chartre_n be_v not_o to_o be_v implead_v for_o their_o land_n and_o tenement_n but_o before_o the_o king_n or_o his_o capital_a justiciary_a some_o remain_v there_o be_v to_o this_o day_n kings-bench_n there_o remain_v somewhat_o of_o the_o office_n of_o the_o old_a justiciary_a in_o the_o chief_a justice_n of_o the_o kings-bench_n of_o this_o great_a office_n in_o the_o chief_a justice_n of_o the_o kings-bench_n all_o england_n as_o to_o keep_v the_o king_n peace_n and_o dignity_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o some_o other_o matter_n be_v under_o his_o jurisdiction_n and_o therefore_o be_v style_v chief_a justice_n of_o england_n this_o great_a officer_n have_v his_o original_a from_o 332_o from_o spelm._n gloss_n fol._n 332_o normandy_n and_o be_v the_o same_o in_o power_n and_o office_n with_o the_o ancient_a ancient_a from_o the_o teutonick_n sehen_fw-ge or_o saxon_a theon_n to_o see_v videre_fw-la inspicere_fw-la &_o scale_n servus_n or_o minister_n as_o it_o be_v the_o chief_a minister_n or_o inspector_n of_o the_o family_n major_n domus_fw-la dapiser_n verbo_fw-la scon._n somn._fw-la gloss_n in_o verbo_fw-la or_o seneschallus_fw-la and_o so_o from_o this_o great_a service_n and_o general_a employment_n call_v seneschallus_fw-la normaniae_fw-la seneschal_n thereof_o or_o very_o like_o he_o ancient_o there_o be_v wont_a say_v the_o 10._o the_o c._n 10._o grand_a custom_n of_o normandy_n a_o certain_a superior_a justice_n call_v the_o prince_n his_o seneschal_n to_o travel_v and_o pass_v through_o all_o normandy_n 384._o the_o great_a power_n of_o the_o justiciary_a which_o name_n we_o receive_v from_o normandy_n grand_fw-fr cust_n c._n 384._o he_o correct_v the_o delinquence_n of_o inferior_a justiciaries_n take_v care_n of_o and_o secure_v the_o prince_n his_o land_n cause_v to_o be_v observe_v the_o right_n and_o law_n of_o normandy_n and_o rectify_v what_o have_v be_v less_o just_o do_v by_o the_o bailiff_n and_o remove_v they_o from_o their_o office_n if_o he_o think_v it_o convenient_a he_o also_o inquire_v into_o the_o usage_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o forest_n and_o cause_v they_o to_o be_v observe_v every_o three_o year_n he_o pass_v through_o and_o perambulate_v every_o part_n of_o normandy_n and_o visit_v every_o every_o baylywic_a be_v a_o portion_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o normandy_n 4_o bayly_n and_o balywic_n what_o si_fw-mi inventus_fw-la saerit_fw-la in_o balliva_fw-la sva_fw-la grand_fw-fr cust_n c._n 4_o answerable_a to_o our_o county_n have_v respect_n to_o that_o province_n and_o hence_o that_o expression_n in_o the_o king_n suit_n to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o a_o county_n or_o shire_n it_o be_v great_a than_o a_o viscount_n and_o contain_v many_o of_o they_o the_o bailiff_n be_v a_o officer_n appoint_v by_o the_o prince_n and_o have_v great_a power_n and_o jurisdiction_n in_o great_a cause_n than_o the_o viscount_n he_o be_v judge_n of_o and_o have_v power_n to_o hold_v assize_n in_o his_o balliage_n to_o keep_v the_o peace_n of_o the_o prince_n to_o hold_v plea_n of_o the_o sword_n or_o crown_n and_o have_v cognizance_n of_o arm_n and_o arm_v the_o people_n baylywic_a and_o inquire_v into_o all_o the_o excess_n and_o injury_n do_v there_o by_o sub-justiciaries_a he_o likewise_o take_v notice_n of_o all_o public_a thief_n rape_n murder_n burn_n or_o fireing_n of_o house_n and_o all_o other_o plea_n of_o the_o sword_n or_o as_o we_o call_v it_o the_o crown_n of_o treasure_n dig_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n mine_n wreck_n watercourse_n change_v or_o not_o keep_v highway_n change_v or_o stop_v up_o etc._n etc._n do_v right_o in_o all_o these_o and_o many_o more_o thing_n there_o enumerate_v this_o great_a officer_n be_v also_o general_n viceroy_n and_o guardian_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o the_o king_n absence_n and_o sometime_o make_v peace_n and_o war_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o chief_a nobility_n as_o may_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o follow_a history_n office_n the_o determination_n of_o this_o great_a office_n this_o mighty_a office_n of_o justiciary_a receive_v many_o gradual_a diminution_n and_o at_o length_n determine_v about_o the_o 20._o the_o dugd._n origin_n jurid_a fol._n 20._o 45_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o there_o be_v afterward_o a_o chief_a justice_n in_o each_o court_n of_o kings-bench_n and_o common-plea_n appoint_a 334._o appoint_a spel._n gloss_n fol._n 334._o man_n less_o eminent_a in_o quality_n not_o of_o the_o high_a nobility_n or_o great_a order_n in_o the_o church_n without_o great_a alliance_n in_o blood_n and_o a_o numerous_a train_n of_o client_n and_o follower_n less_o popular_a and_o so_o less_o factious_a and_o more_o easy_o to_o be_v command_v by_o the_o prince_n yet_o more_o know_v in_o the_o law_n which_o by_o this_o time_n be_v become_v a_o ibidem_fw-la a_o ibidem_fw-la very_a sublime_a mystery_n very_o intricate_a and_o involve_a norman_n inferior_a ministerial_a officer_n all_o norman_n for_o other_o inferior_a ministerial_a officer_n earls_z viscount_n bailiff_n lord_n of_o hundred_o and_o manner_n before_o who_o title_n and_o cause_n of_o small_a consequence_n be_v try_v it_o be_v evident_a they_o be_v all_o norman_n none_o but_o they_o enjoy_v any_o considerable_a land_n liberty_n or_o jurisdiction_n as_o must_v be_v acknowledge_v by_o all_o that_o know_v any_o thing_n of_o the_o catalogue_n of_o proprietor_n in_o 10_o in_o append._n n._n 10_o doomsday_n book_n or_o have_v well_o consider_v what_o gervasius_n 23._o gervasius_n l._n 1._o c._n 23._o tilburiensis_n say_v in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr necessariis_fw-la scaccarii_fw-la observandis_fw-la to_o that_o purpose_n a_o person_n beyond_o exception_n be_v a_o officer_n in_o the_o exchequer_n which_o court_n then_o take_v notice_n of_o all_o the_o estate_n in_o england_n one_o way_n or_o other_o nor_o be_v the_o judge_n and_o lawyer_n of_o those_o time_n in_o all_o probability_n other_o than_o norman_n for_o than_o they_o be_v most_o if_o not_o all_o 21._o all_o dugd._n origin_n jurid_a fol._n 21._o clergyman_n and_o so_o be_v they_o in_o normandy_n as_o be_v manifest_a by_o the_o 9_o the_o c._n 9_o grand-customer_n where_o it_o be_v say_v the_o judge_n be_v sage_a person_n and_o authentic_a which_o in_o court_n give_v judgement_n of_o those_o thing_n they_o have_v hear_v as_o archbishop_n normandy_n clergyman_n judge_n and_o lawyer_n in_o normandy_n bishop_n canon_n of_o cathedral_n church_n and_o other_o dignify_a person_n abbot_n prior_n and_o rector_n of_o church_n famous_a for_o their_o honesty_n and_o piety_n and_o the_o most_o of_o the_o great_a clergyman_n in_o this_o nation_n then_o as_o bishop_n dignify_a person_n abbot_n prior_n etc._n etc._n be_v norman_n william_n 1070._o william_n hoved._n fol._n 259._o b._n n._n 30_o 40._o a._n d._n 1070._o deprive_v very_o many_o of_o the_o english_a of_o their_o ecclesiastic_a honour_n and_o put_v those_o of_o his_o own_o nation_n into_o their_o place_n as_o a_o mean_n to_o confirm_v he_o in_o his_o new_a acquest_n and_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v doubt_v but_o great_a number_n of_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n as_o well_o regular_a as_o secular_a come_v over_o with_o they_o who_o be_v exercise_v in_o the_o controversy_n of_o the_o norman_a law_n for_o confirmation_n whereof_o there_o be_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o william_n rufus_n so_o many_o of_o the_o clergy_n lawyer_n that_o pleader_n that_o fol._n 69._o b._n n._n 10._o all_o clerk_n pleader_n malmesbury_n say_v there_o be_v nullus_fw-la clericus_fw-la nisi_fw-la causidicus_fw-la no_o clerk_n which_o be_v not_o a_o pleader_n if_o therefore_o the_o justiciaries_n chancellor_n earl_n sheriff_n lord_n of_o manner_n such_o as_o hear_v cause_n and_o give_v judgement_n be_v norman_n if_o the_o lawyer_n and_o pleader_n be_v also_o norman_n the_o plead_n and_o judgement_n in_o their_o several_a court_n must_v of_o necessity_n
conquer_v it_o horseback_n the_o franc_n conquer_v gallia_n and_o divide_v the_o land_n among_o their_o soldier_n gentleman_n such_o as_o serve_v on_o horseback_n in_o the_o declension_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n that_o they_o distribute_v their_o conquer_a land_n among_o their_o soldier_n to_o who_o be_v reserve_v the_o dignity_n of_o gentleman_n and_o the_o management_n of_o arm_n and_o from_o the_o ancient_a gaul_n inhabitant_n of_o the_o country_n who_o be_v call_v roturier_n they_o take_v away_o the_o use_n of_o arm_n and_o permit_v to_o they_o the_o management_n of_o rustic_a affair_n and_o merchandise_n only_o and_o from_o thence_o come_v the_o distinction_n of_o fiefe_n noble_a and_o roturier_n etc._n etc._n there_o be_v f._n be_v spel._n gloss_n fol._n 219._o hottom_n in_o lib._n de_fw-fr disp_n feud_n c._n 6._o f._n three_o sort_n of_o military_a fee_n royal_a fee_n as_o dukedom_n county_n marquisates_n etc._n etc._n which_o hold_v immediate_o of_o the_o emperor_n king_n or_o prince_n and_o be_v call_v tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o so_o less_o estate_n and_o office_n in_o process_n of_o time_n that_o hold_v immediate_o of_o the_o crown_n or_o person_n of_o the_o prince_n than_o mesne_n or_o mediate_a fee_n which_o hold_v not_o immediate_o of_o the_o prince_n d._n these_o milites_fw-la or_o knight_n be_v horseman_n and_o these_o military_a or_o knight_n fee_n give_v to_o maintain_v their_o horse_n and_o arm_n hot._n in_o lib._n 2._o feud_n col_fw-fr 691._o d._n but_o of_o some_o of_o these_o capitanei_fw-la or_o chieftain_n as_o baron_n vavasor_n castellan_n etc._n etc._n last_o military_a fee_n or_o knight_n fee_n such_o as_o be_v hold_v of_o those_o mesn_a lord_n and_o by_o they_o give_v to_o their_o soldier_n all_o these_o degree_n of_o fee_n be_v in_o normandy_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o 35._o the_o c._n 34_o 35._o grand_a customer_n where_o they_o also_o have_v all_o the_o incident_n of_o military_a fee_n ward_n marriage_n relief_n homage_n and_o fealty_n and_o such_o division_n into_o all_o these_o sort_n of_o fee_n be_v make_v of_o the_o great_a part_n if_o not_o 10._o not_o see_v doomsday_n in_o every_o county_n and_o here_o ap._n n._n 10._o all_o the_o land_n in_o england_n by_o the_o conqueror_n to_o his_o great_a man_n commander_n and_o soldier_n as_o be_v manifest_a by_o doomesday-book_n a_o record_n without_o exception_n and_o for_o the_o incident_n to_o these_o tenor_n escheat_n ward_n marriage_n relief_n homage_n fealty_n aid_n escuage_z etc._n etc._n both_o according_a to_o their_o first_o rigorous_a institution_n and_o afterward_o qualify_v condition_n we_o have_v a_o sufficient_a information_n from_o all_o our_o ancient_a historian_n and_o lawyer_n that_o we_o receive_v they_o from_o normandy_n forfeiture_n also_o be_v incident_a to_o these_o fee_n many_o of_o which_o tenure_n which_o gloss_n fol._n 214_o 215._o forfeiture_n incident_a to_o feudal_n tenure_n sir_n henry_n spelman_n have_v collect_v from_o the_o feudist_n and_o feudal_n law_n and_o some_o of_o they_o do_v here_o follow_v original_o all_o vassal_n hold_v their_o land_n at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o whether_o they_o be_v delinquent_n or_o not_o he_o may_v at_o his_o pleasure_n take_v they_o from_o they_o in_o point_n of_o tenure_n they_o be_v much_o like_o our_o ancient_a copy-holds_a at_o mere_a will_n and_o in_o this_o of_o forfeiture_n they_o much_o resemble_v they_o and_o those_o also_o at_o this_o day_n etc._n vid._n hot._n the_o feud_n disp_n c._n 38._o col_fw-fr 886._o d._n e._n etc._n etc._n it_o be_v a_o forfeiture_n if_o thrice_o summon_v to_o the_o lord_n court_n they_o neglect_v or_o refuse_v to_o come_v and_o take_v up_o their_o land_n and_o do_v fealty_n if_o they_o refuse_v to_o do_v their_o service_n or_o deny_v their_o tenure_n it_o be_v a_o forfeiture_n if_o they_o sell_v their_o estate_n without_o leave_n of_o the_o lord_n or_o if_o they_o sell_v it_o by_o any_o other_o title_n than_o they_o have_v themselves_o it_o be_v a_o forfeiture_n if_o they_o do_v any_o thing_n against_o their_o oath_n of_o fealty_n if_o they_o adhere_v to_o their_o lord_n enemy_n or_o do_v forsake_v he_o in_o time_n of_o war_n or_o danger_n all_o these_o be_v forfeiture_n if_o they_o commit_v any_o outrageous_a wickedness_n which_o be_v call_v glossary_a call_v see_v the_o glossary_a felony_n as_o murder_n robbery_n burn_v of_o house_n rape_n etc._n etc._n and_o which_o be_v no_o treason_n this_o likewise_o be_v a_o forfeiture_n of_o their_o land_n and_o estate_n to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o fee_n and_o by_o commit_v felony_n and_o the_o non-performance_n of_o the_o most_o of_o these_o thing_n upon_o conviction_n the_o tenant_n copyholder_n tenant_n coke_n complete_a copyholder_n sect._n 57_o 58_o kitchen_n tit._n copyholder_n at_o this_o day_n forfeit_v their_o land_n and_o they_o escheat_n to_o the_o lord_n some_o by_o presentment_n of_o the_o homage_n other_o immediate_o where_o the_o fact_n be_v notorious_a and_o while_o we_o mention_v tenant_n it_o will_v give_v some_o light_n to_o the_o knowledge_n from_o whence_o we_o receive_v our_o law_n brief_o to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o institution_n of_o manor_n here_o in_o this_o nation_n as_o i_o find_v it_o in_o our_o learned_a glossarist_n derive_v glossarist_n fol._n 389._o the_o first_o institution_n of_o manner_n manor_n from_o whence_o derive_v who_o say_v it_o be_v a_o norman_a word_n and_o bring_v from_o thence_o and_o what_o the_o saxon_a call_v a_o praedium_fw-la or_o villa_n their_o possession_n in_o land_n with_o the_o enjoyment_n of_o soc_n sac_n toll_n team_n and_o other_o privilege_n the_o norman_n call_v manner_n a_o manendo_fw-la because_o such_o possession_n be_v ordinary_o the_o seat_n of_o the_o lord_n the_o saxon_a norway_n saxon_a many_o of_o they_o have_v so_o but_o without_o doubt_n they_o have_v some_o feudal_n tenor_n or_o somewhat_o like_o they_o they_o with_o the_o angli_fw-la jute_n etc._n etc._n come_v from_o the_o cimbric_n peninsula_n and_o the_o north_n part_v of_o germany_n where_o such_o tenor_n be_v general_n from_o whence_o the_o word_n vassus_n vassallus_fw-la or_o valvasor_n be_v derive_v to_o other_o nation_n hot._n the_o feud_n disp_n cap._n 7.820_o c._n as_o also_o in_o their_o neighbour_n nation_n of_o danemark_n and_o norway_n jurisdiction_n have_v their_o origin_n from_o the_o grant_n of_o their_o king_n feudal_n they_o be_v feudal_n but_o manner_n have_v their_o beginning_n from_o feudal_n law_n or_o right_n for_o whoever_o can_v dispose_v of_o fee_n may_v just_o give_v law_n to_o their_o vassal_n erect_v court_n for_o pass_v of_o estate_n and_o take_v upon_o they_o all_o other_o privilege_n mere_o pertain_v to_o a_o noble_a fee_n institute_v how_o they_o be_v institute_v he_o further_o say_v at_o the_o beginning_n this_o be_v the_o course_n of_o institute_v manner_n for_o the_o most_o part_n different_a lord_n possess_v the_o territory_n of_o every_o town_n or_o village_n and_o proprietor_n and_o see_v doomsday_n book_n every_o where_n how_o village_n and_o town_n be_v describe_v with_o such_o people_n in_o they_o under_o the_o proprietor_n cultivate_v it_o by_o their_o servant_n vassal_n and_o husbandman_n for_o at_o that_o time_n there_o be_v live_v in_o the_o country_n only_o military_a man_n labourer_n or_o husbandman_n first_o the_o lord_n design_v the_o place_n of_o his_o own_o habitation_n and_o annex_v to_o it_o a_o plentiful_a portion_n of_o land_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o his_o family_n which_o be_v yet_o call_v terrae-dominicae_a demesn_a land_n ibidem_fw-la land_n ibidem_fw-la another_o share_n he_o give_v to_o his_o vassal_n or_o vassal_n for_o their_o aid_n and_o assistance_n in_o war_n and_o these_o be_v call_v 1._o call_v i_o rather_o think_v these_o fee_n to_o have_v be_v most_o whole_a at_o first_o and_o that_o in_o time_n by_o favour_n of_o the_o lord_n they_o parcel_v out_o and_o sell_v they_o and_o such_o a_o part_n of_o a_o knight_n fee_n be_v apportion_v to_o such_o and_o such_o a_o man_n as_o rent_n be_v among_o copy-holders_n at_o this_o day_n where_o a_o tenent_n sell_v part_n of_o his_o copyhold_n to_o one_o part_n to_o another_o there_o be_v many_o instance_n of_o whole_a manor_n grant_v by_o the_o service_n of_o one_o knight_n fee_n robert_n fitz-roger_n 9_o richard_z the_o first_o have_v a_o grant_n from_o he_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o ewer_n in_o buckinghamshire_n by_o the_o service_n of_o one_o knight_n fee_n 1._o jonannis_n a_o confirmation_n of_o the_o castle_n manner_n of_o workeworth_n in_o northumberland_n by_o the_o service_n of_o one_o knight_n fee_n 5._o johannis_n the_o manner_n of_o newburn_n in_o the_o same_o county_n by_o the_o service_n of_o one_o knight_n fee_n the_o manner_n of_o clavering_n in_o essex_n by_o the_o same_o service_n 7._o johannis_n the_o manner_n of_o robiri_n in_o northumberland_n by_o the_o same_o service_n of_o one_o
knight_n fee_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o hwayton_n with_o the_o whole_a barony_n which_o former_o belong_v to_o robert_n de_fw-fr cramavil_n by_o the_o service_n of_o three_o knight_n fee_n he_o have_v then_o also_o the_o honour_n of_o tikhil_n with_o sixty_o knight_n fee_n and_o three_o part_n of_o a_o knight_n fee_n belong_v to_o it_o dugdales_n baronage_n fol._n 107._o tom._n 1._o knight_n fee_n or_o military_a fee_n which_o if_o they_o be_v not_o sufficient_a for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o one_o soldier_n arm_n for_o maintenance_n of_o their_o horse_n and_o arm_n yet_o according_a to_o the_o quantity_n of_o land_n they_o enjoy_v they_o contribute_v such_o a_o share_n or_o perform_v such_o service_n as_o be_v appoint_v and_o agree_v for_o half_a a_o three_o or_o four_o or_o less_o part_n according_a to_o the_o smallness_n of_o the_o portion_n of_o the_o fee_n grant_v towards_o the_o lord_n military_a expense_n tenure_n expense_n ibidem_fw-la base_a tenure_n a_o three_o part_n he_o distribute_v to_o such_o as_o perform_v all_o rustic_a and_o servile_a work_n repair_v his_o house_n plough_v and_o sow_v his_o land_n reap_v his_o crop_n carry_v it_o into_o barn_n thresh_v it_o dig_v hedge_v and_o take_v care_n of_o his_o flock_n and_o field_n the_o precinct_n of_o this_o distribution_n be_v govern_v by_o such_o law_n as_o the_o lord_n impose_v and_o as_o all_o their_o estate_n arise_v from_o his_o beneficence_n so_o they_o depend_v on_o his_o will._n hence_o so_o many_o several_a custom_n manner_n whence_o several_a custom_n in_o several_a manner_n in_o several_a manner_n the_o lord_n house_n be_v the_o aula_n hall_n or_o court_n and_o all_o the_o tenant_n if_o need_v require_v be_v bind_v to_o attend_v there_o every_o three_o week_n but_o general_o at_o the_o feast_n of_o the_o annunciation_n and_o st._n michael_n from_o whence_o these_o court_n keep_v at_o those_o time_n be_v call_v curiae_fw-la generales_fw-la or_o general_a court_n these_o lord_n of_o manner_n or_o small_a barony_n hold_v either_o in_o capite_fw-la of_o the_o king_n or_o most_o common_o of_o other_o great_a historian_n great_a grand_fw-fr cust_n of_o norm_a c._n 34_o 35_o 53_o and_o every_o where_n in_o our_o ancient_a lawyer_n and_o historian_n baron_n as_o of_o their_o honour_n or_o head_n of_o their_o barony_n by_o the_o same_o tenor_n and_o under_o the_o same_o forfeiture_n and_o these_o in_o like_a manner_n of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o by_o the_o ibid._n the_o hot._n the_o â—eud_n disp_n â—_o 10._o 830._o dâ—hey_n â—hey_z may_v â—aighten_v but_o not_o enlarge_v the_o condition_n of_o the_o fee_n ibid._n feudal_n law_n sub-fee_n be_v to_o be_v give_v and_o receive_v according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o first_o institution_n of_o the_o capital_a royal_a or_o great_a fee_n which_o hold_v immediate_o of_o the_o prince_n and_o therefore_o as_o the_o inferior_a or_o low_a lord_n 53._o lord_n charter_n â—rand_fw-fr cust_n c._n 53._o have_v their_o court_n most_o common_o for_o adjust_v all_o matter_n within_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o their_o manner_n so_o have_v those_o of_o a_o middle_a rank_n within_o their_o jurisdiction_n for_o such_o of_o these_o inferior_a lord_n or_o other_o as_o hold_v of_o their_o barony_n and_o likewise_o that_o capitol_n baron_n have_v their_o court_n within_o their_o jurisdiction_n in_o which_o all_o or_o most_o matter_n relate_v to_o baron_n lord_n of_o manner_n ought_v suit_v to_o the_o court_n of_o mean_a baron_n and_o arise_v between_o their_o tenant_n be_v order_v and_o decide_v and_o they_o be_v not_o only_o hold_v at_o the_o chief_a seat_n of_o their_o honour_n or_o barony_n but_o perhaps_o all_o over_o england_n where_o they_o have_v any_o considerable_a land_n or_o possession_n as_o the_o the_o this_o title_n be_v frequent_v in_o normandy_n for_o the_o seat_n or_o head_n of_o the_o honour_n earldom_n what_o honour_n what_o or_o barony_n see_v script_n norm_a 1037_o 1040._o honour_n of_o richmond_n honour_n of_o gloucester_n and_o clare_n duchy_n of_o lancaster_n hold_v and_o they_o to_o the_o court_n of_o great_a baron_n on_o who_o they_o hold_v etc._n etc._n have_v at_o this_o day_n their_o several_a court_n for_o determine_a controversy_n and_o suit_n within_o their_o jurisdiction_n of_o matter_n of_o small_a value_n last_o these_o great_a baron_n be_v within_o the_o court_n the_o glan_n l._n 1._o c._n 3._o and_o the_o great_a baron_n to_o the_o exchequer_n or_o king_n court_n jurisdiction_n of_o the_o king_n court_n or_o exchequer_n where_o all_o plea_n concern_v their_o barony_n be_v terminate_v the_o conqueror_n give_v to_o some_o of_o the_o great_a of_o his_o follower_n whole_a county_n and_o to_o some_o two_o three_o or_o more_o county_n with_o a_o great_a proportion_n of_o land_n in_o they_o conqueror_n the_o land_n of_o england_n parcel_v out_o and_o distribute_v by_o the_o conqueror_n to_z other_o some_o part_n or_o portion_n of_o a_o county_n as_o hundred_o or_o several_a manner_n and_o town_n in_o they_o who_o sometime_o parcel_v they_o out_o to_o their_o dependent_n and_o friend_n and_o they_o again_o to_o they_o till_o at_o last_o though_o the_o saxon_n most_o frequent_o hold_v their_o own_o estate_n of_o these_o new_a lord_n and_o by_o new_a title_n from_o they_o some_o soldier_n and_o ordinary_a man_n have_v some_o proportionable_a share_n for_o their_o service_n though_o upon_o hard_a condition_n possess_v they_o for_o the_o most_o part_n as_o feudatary_n and_o according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o feudal_n law_n which_o as_o it_o be_v the_o law_n for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o normandy_n as_o to_o possession_n and_o tenure_n so_o be_v it_o here_o in_o england_n until_o by_o the_o indulgence_n of_o usurper_n to_o the_o great_a man_n and_o of_o they_o to_o the_o people_n their_o tenant_n and_o follower_n their_o tenor_n become_v more_o easy_a and_o be_v change_v into_o inheritance_n both_o free_a and_o bond_n as_o they_o do_v in_o france_n upon_o the_o usurpation_n of_o they_o of_o hottom_n in_o feud_n disp_n col_fw-fr 845._o a.b._n et_fw-fr de_fw-fr serres_n fol._n 120._o a._n d._n 987._o the_o baron_n make_v advantage_n by_o set_v up_o usurper_n â—nd_v sometime_o of_o their_o lawful_a sovereign_n by_o bear_v too_o hard_o upon_o they_o hugh_n capet_n the_o nobility_n close_v with_o he_o on_o condition_n their_o barony_n and_o fee_n may_v be_v hereditary_a and_o patrimonial_a which_o before_o be_v arbitrary_a and_o enjoy_v at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o king_n only_o the_o nobility_n in_o those_o time_n never_o lose_v by_o advance_v usurper_n if_o they_o prosper_v always_o bargain_v with_o they_o for_o some_o flower_n of_o their_o crown_n and_o the_o better_n their_o own_o condition_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o story_n of_o our_o henry_n the_o first_o king_n stephen_n and_o king_n john_n and_o with_o their_o lawful_a sovereign_n also_o who_o according_a to_o their_o example_n and_o their_o own_o necessity_n as_o thing_n than_o stand_v and_o for_o their_o own_o security_n be_v often_o force_v to_o comply_v with_o the_o demand_n of_o holy-church_n and_o the_o baron_n call_v in_o to_o her_o assistance_n though_o to_o their_o own_o disadvantage_n and_o beside_o this_o way_n way_n land_n become_v â—ree_a and_o hereditary_a many_o way_n without_o doubt_n many_o land_n become_v free_a and_o hereditary_a or_o their_o service_n make_v certain_a by_o compact_n or_o agreement_n between_o tenant_n and_o indigent_a lord_n whereby_o their_o land_n be_v manumise_v the_o service_n release_v or_o they_o be_v grant_v to_o they_o by_o deed_n or_o feoffment_n law_n the_o feudal_n law_n may_v be_v relax_v by_o the_o use_n of_o the_o canon_n and_o imperial_a law_n and_o it_o be_v not_o unlikely_a but_o that_o the_o use_n of_o the_o canon_n and_o imperial_a law_n prevail_v here_o or_o be_v promiscuous_o use_v with_o the_o ordinary_a law_n for_o a_o century_n or_o two_o of_o year_n from_o the_o time_n of_o king_n stephen_n until_o 8._o until_o seld._n dissertatio_n in_o fletam_n c._n 8._o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o three_o may_v much_o relax_v and_o abate_v the_o rigour_n of_o the_o feudal_n law_n and_o render_v the_o fee_n less_o conditional_a and_o far_o more_o qualify_v than_o they_o have_v be_v former_o and_o hence_o the_o law_n concern_v they_o become_v more_o easy_a and_o receive_v their_o several_a alteration_n and_o amendment_n by_o flux_n of_o time_n or_o act_n of_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n and_o instead_o of_o rigorous_a tenor_n the_o more_o soft_a one_o of_o fee-simple_a in_o all_o its_o kind_n and_o inheritable_a and_o qualify_v copy-holds_a be_v introduce_v beside_o this_o tenure_n of_o homage_n there_o be_v also_o other_o tenor_n in_o normandy_n burgage_n tenor_n in_o almoigne_z in_o normandy_n in_o burgage_n as_o per_n elemosynam_n in_o frank_n almoigne_z as_o the_o church-land_n be_v hold_v burgage_n as_o the_o land_n in_o
print_v at_o paris_n 1539._o there_o be_v a_o 25._o a_o c._n 25._o chapter_n de_fw-fr exercitu_fw-la ducis_fw-la not_o to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o french_a print_n of_o that_o year_n but_o du_n fresn_a in_o his_o 832._o his_o tom._n 3._o col_fw-fr 832._o glossary_n cite_v a_o good_a part_n of_o it_o from_o the_o mss._n customer_n in_o the_o chamber_n of_o account_n at_o paris_n chief_a military_a service_n in_o chief_a which_o he_o make_v use_v of_o in_o these_o word_n or_o est_fw-fr un_fw-fr service_fw-fr que_fw-fr doit_n estre_fw-fr fetch_v au_fw-fr prince_n en_fw-fr arm_n se_fw-la lont_fw-fr la_fw-fr coustume_n &_o l'establissement_fw-fr des_fw-fr fiemens_n &_o des_fw-fr villes_n &_o ic_a service_n est_fw-la accoustume_n á_z fere_n par_fw-fr 40._o jours_fw-fr day_n service_n of_o 40._o day_n pour_fw-fr le_fw-fr secours_fw-fr &_o l'aide_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr terre_fw-fr de_fw-fr câ—ux_fw-la qui_fw-fr en_fw-fr tiennent_fw-fr les_fw-fr fiemens_n come_v ce_fw-fr soit_fw-fr fetch_v pour_fw-fr aucun_fw-fr deliurance_fw-fr &_o pour_fw-fr le_fw-fr profit_n dâ—l_fw-fr comun_n people_n etc._n etc._n tous_fw-fr fief_n de_fw-fr glossary_a de_fw-fr see_v the_o glossary_a hauberâ—_n sont_fw-fr especialment_n establis_fw-la pour_fw-fr fair_a le_fw-fr propre_fw-fr service_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr duchee_n &_o ensement_n de_fw-fr tous_fw-fr les_fw-fr countees_n &_o les_fw-fr baronee_n doivent_fw-fr accomplir_fw-fr ce_fw-fr service_n &_o a_o decertes_fw-la toutes_fw-fr les_fw-fr ville_n qui_fw-fr ont_fw-fr commune_v si_fw-mi devez_fw-fr scavoir_fw-fr que_fw-fr les_fw-fr sieus_n de_fw-fr haubere_fw-la que_fw-fr sont_fw-fr es_fw-la countees_n &_o es_a baronny_n qui_fw-fr ne_fw-fr sont_fw-fr pas_fw-fr estably_n pour_fw-fr la_fw-fr duquee_n de_fw-fr normandy_n ne_fw-fr doivent_fw-fr pas_fw-fr de_fw-fr service_n do_v for_o we_o as_o signior_n as_o quieux_fw-fr il_fw-fr sont_fw-fr soumis_fw-fr except_o nequedent_n larrierban_a del_o prince_n auquel_fw-fr trestous_n grans_fw-la &_o petits_fw-fr pourtant_fw-fr que_fw-fr il_fw-fr soient_fw-fr convenables_n pour_fw-fr arm_n porter_n sont_fw-fr tenu_fw-fr sans_fw-fr excusation_n nulle_fw-la a_o fair_a lui_fw-fr aid_n &_o profit_v a_o tout_fw-fr leur_fw-fr pooir_fw-fr now_o there_o be_v a_o service_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v make_v to_o the_o prince_n in_o arm_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n and_o establishment_n of_o fee_n and_o of_o city_n or_o burgh_n and_o this_o service_n be_v by_o custom_n perform_v by_o 95._o by_o co._n lit._n sect._n 95._o forty_o day_n for_o the_o succour_n and_o aid_n of_o the_o land_n by_o such_o as_o hold_v the_o fee_n as_o it_o be_v do_v for_o any_o deliverance_n and_o for_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o commune_fw-la people_n etc._n etc._n all_o military_a or_o knight_n fee_n be_v especial_o establish_v to_o do_v the_o proper_a service_n of_o the_o duchy_n and_o likewise_o all_o the_o earldom_n and_o barony_n ought_v to_o accomplish_v this_o service_n and_o all_o the_o city_n or_o burgh_n that_o have_v community_n it_o be_v also_o to_o be_v understand_v that_o the_o knight_n fee_n which_o be_v in_o the_o earldom_n and_o barony_n which_o be_v not_o establish_v for_o the_o duchy_n of_o normandy_n nor_o do_v owe_v service_n to_o the_o army_n but_o to_o the_o lord_n of_o who_o they_o be_v hold_v except_o at_o the_o arrierban_n of_o the_o prince_n to_o which_o all_o both_o great_a and_o small_a that_o be_v able_a to_o bear_v arm_n be_v bind_v to_o come_v without_o excuse_n and_o to_o give_v he_o aid_v and_o assistance_n with_o all_o their_o power_n the_o latin_a version_n agree_v with_o this_o french_a text_n and_o as_o it_o proceed_v further_o tenant_n the_o duke_n grant_v to_o such_o as_o hold_v of_o he_o scutage_n service_n of_o the_o tenant_n there_o be_v a_o clause_n exact_o agreeable_a to_o the_o ancient_a practice_n in_o england_n the_o duke_n of_o normandy_n grant_v to_o such_o as_o have_v perform_v their_o service_n in_o the_o army_n forty_o day_n scutage-service_n of_o such_o as_o hold_v of_o they_o by_o military_a service_n exercitus_fw-la autem_fw-la dicitur_fw-la auxilium_fw-la illud_fw-la pecuniale_a quod_fw-la concedit_fw-la princeps_fw-la normanniae_fw-la facto_fw-la exercitus_fw-la per_fw-la 40_o dies_fw-la servitio_fw-la baronibus_fw-la vel_fw-la militibus_fw-la de_fw-la illis_fw-la qui_fw-la tenent_fw-la de_fw-fr eye_n feodis_fw-la vel_fw-la de_fw-la tenentibus_fw-la suis_fw-la in_o feodo_fw-la loricali_n and_o so_o be_v the_o usage_n of_o our_o ancient_a english_a king_n after_o the_o conquest_n to_o grant_v to_o such_o as_o have_v personal_o or_o by_o substitute_n or_o fine_a perform_v their_o service_n in_o the_o army_n scutage-service_n of_o such_o as_o hold_v of_o they_o in_o military_a tenure_n heritage_n partible_a and_o not_o partible_a gavelkind_n c._n 26._o &_o 36._o gavelkind_n tenure_n in_o military_a service_n and_o serjeanty_n impartible_a heritage_n partible_a be_v equal_o divide_v among_o all_o the_o son_n etc._n etc._n all_o the_o child_n of_o one_o son_n be_v but_o to_o have_v the_o share_n of_o their_o father_n divide_v among_o they_o a_o father_n that_o have_v many_o son_n divisum_fw-la ibidem_fw-la glanvil_n lib._n 7._o c._n 1._o &_o 3_o soccagium_fw-la divisum_fw-la can_v not_o give_v one_o a_o better_a share_n than_o the_o other_o of_o his_o heritage_n for_o if_o he_o do_v notwithstanding_o his_o gift_n it_o be_v to_o be_v divide_v with_o his_o other_o land_n among_o his_o son_n after_o his_o death_n he_o can_v not_o give_v sell_v mortgage_n or_o any_o way_n put_v any_o part_n of_o his_o heritage_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o bastard_n son_n but_o within_o a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n it_o may_v be_v recover_v by_o his_o heir_n impediment_n of_o succession_n be_v bastardy_n profession_n of_o religion_n succession_n c._n 27._o impediment_n of_o succession_n blood_n attaint_v leprosy_n etc._n etc._n land_n of_o a_o bastard_n if_o he_o have_v no_o issue_n by_o a_o lawful_a wife_n return_v to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o fee_n tenor_n be_v by_o homage_n by_o parage_n by_o bourgage_n by_o almoign_n normandy_n c._n 28._o what_o tenor_n in_o normandy_n bordage_n or_o tenure_n of_o servile_a work_n tenure_n of_o rent_n or_o rend_a charge_n etc._n etc._n no_o tenent_n by_o homage_n can_v sell_v or_o engage_v his_o fee_n etc._n c._n 29._o tenent_n by_o homage_n can_v not_o sell_v etc._n etc._n without_o consent_n of_o his_o lord_n unless_o in_o some_o part_n there_o be_v a_o custom_n to_o sell_v or_o engage_v a_o three_o part_n or_o a_o less_o so_o as_o there_o be_v leave_v enough_o to_o pay_v and_o perform_v the_o service_n faisance_n and_o dignity_n due_a to_o the_o lord_n parage_n be_v when_o the_o young_a brother_n hold_v their_o share_n of_o the_o fee_n of_o the_o elder_a brother_n and_o he_o of_o the_o lord_n parage_v c._n 30._o parage_v and_o do_v the_o homage_n and_o service_n they_o contribute_v their_o share_n so_o it_o be_v call_v parage_v in_o respect_n of_o parentage_n in_o which_o they_o be_v equal_a not_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o estate_n bourgage_n c._n 31._o bourgage_n bourgage_n be_v a_o tenure_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n and_o usage_n of_o bourghs_n and_o may_v be_v buy_v and_o sell_v as_o movable_n without_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o lord_n almoign_n c._n 32._o franc_n almoign_n tenure_n in_o almoign_n or_o franc_n almoign_n so_o land_n give_v in_o pure_a alm_n to_o god_n and_o such_o as_o serve_v he_o what_o c._n 33_o ward_n and_o marriage_n a_o member_n of_o a_o military_a fee_n what_o the_o duke_n of_o normandy_n have_v the_o guard_n or_o wardship_n and_o marriage_n of_o all_o minor_n which_o hold_v of_o he_o by_o homage_n by_o a_o fee_n or_o a_o member_n of_o a_o military_a fee_n a_o member_n of_o a_o military_a fee_n be_v the_o eight_o part_n or_o any_o part_n under_o as_o a_o six_o or_o seven_o not_o but_o it_o may_v be_v divide_v into_o more_o but_o less_o than_o a_o eight_o can_v not_o have_v court_n and_o usage_n belong_v to_o it_o so_o other_o lord_n of_o such_o as_o hold_v of_o they_o by_o homage_n the_o duke_n and_o other_o lord_n have_v also_o relief_n 15_o l._n of_o a_o military_a fee_n relief_n c._n 34._o relief_n and_o 100_o l._n of_o a_o barony_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o the_o tenant_n a_o earl_n pay_v 500_o l._n 8._o c._n 35._o three_o capital_a aid_n glanv_n lib._n 9_o c._n 8._o tenant_n in_o military_a service_n pay_v three_o capital_a aid_n one_o to_o make_v the_o lord_n elder_a son_n a_o knight_n a_o second_o to_o marry_v his_o daughter_n a_o three_o to_o redeem_v their_o lord_n out_o of_o prison_n essoins_fw-fr c._n 39_o 40_o 41_o etc._n etc._n glanv_n l._n 1._o c._n 28._o to_o the_o end_n essoins_fw-fr essoin_n or_o excuse_n for_o delay_a suit_n in_o feudal_n plea_n be_v de_fw-fr malo_fw-la veniendi_fw-la de_fw-la malo_fw-la lecti_fw-la per_fw-la servitium_n ducis_fw-la de_fw-la ultra_fw-la mare_fw-la de_fw-la privilegio_fw-la crucis_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o same_o in_o england_n warranty_n c._n 50._o warranty_n of_o warranty_n whoever_o be_v call_v to_o it_o be_v bind_v to_o secure_v
grand_a customer_n no_o body_n that_o consider_v what_o etc._n what_o lib._n 2_o de_fw-fr gest_n reg._n f._n 44._o b._n n._n 20_o 30_o etc._n etc._n malmsbury_n and_o other_o ancient_a historian_n report_v of_o the_o confessor_n that_o he_o be_v a_o weak_a easy_a man_n law_n edward_n the_o confessor_n unfit_a to_o make_v law_n not_o fit_a for_o government_n will_v ever_o believe_v he_o can_v contrive_v a_o system_fw-la of_o law_n and_o so_o adapt_v they_o to_o the_o genius_n and_o humour_n of_o the_o norman_n that_o they_o shall_v quit_v their_o own_o and_o receive_v new_a law_n and_o custom_n from_o he_o if_o it_o be_v not_o almost_o a_o contradiction_n to_o call_v a_o custom_n new_a i_o need_v not_o say_v more_o to_o satisfy_v any_o judicious_a person_n that_o the_o grand_a customer_n of_o normandy_n be_v the_o law_n of_o that_o country_n and_o not_o make_v by_o edward_n the_o confessor_n or_o carry_v over_o from_o hence_o by_o the_o conqueror_n and_o shall_v therefore_o leave_v it_o with_o this_o far_a remark_n that_o if_o any_o man_n be_v more_o affect_v with_o traditional_a than_o write_v law_n this_o book_n have_v that_o advantage_n likewise_o for_o 69._o for_o grand_fw-fr custom_n 2d_o part_n fol._n 69._o before_o and_o after_o that_o charles_n the_o simple_n give_v normandy_n to_o rollo_n and_o his_o northern_a people_n unto_o the_o time_n of_o philip_n thereabouts_o philip_n ibidem_fw-la a._n d._n 1203._o or_o thereabouts_o the_o august_n who_o cause_v they_o first_o to_o be_v put_v in_o order_n and_o write_v the_o custom_n contain_v in_o it_o be_v a_o 1588._o a_o epistle_n to_o the_o custom_n of_o normandy_n collect_v by_o george_n lambert_n etc._n etc._n print_v at_o roven_n 1588._o cabal_n traditional_a and_o unwritten_a for_o at_o least_o 800_o year_n and_o be_v impose_v upon_o his_o subject_n of_o england_n by_o william_n call_v the_o conqueror_n but_o what_o answer_n will_v sir_n edward_n have_v make_v if_o he_o have_v be_v ask_v whether_o william_n do_v not_o also_o carry_v our_o law_n into_o old_a germany_n for_o there_o in_o normandy_n and_o england_n be_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n the_o same_o law_n only_o the_o norman_n use_v a_o more_o formal_a and_o perhaps_o rigorous_a and_o strict_a method_n in_o the_o practice_n and_o execution_n of_o they_o which_o they_o bring_v hither_o from_o these_o observation_n concern_v the_o law_n in_o use_n at_o and_o present_o after_o the_o conquest_n i_o proceed_v to_o authority_n law_n proof_n from_o authority_n that_o our_o law_n be_v not_o the_o norman_a law_n and_o undoubted_a testimony_n of_o such_o as_o live_v in_o or_o near_o those_o time_n for_o without_o authority_n some_o man_n will_v not_o be_v satisfy_v eadmer_n 30._o eadmer_n hist_o novor_n fol_z 6._o n_o 10_o 20_o 30._o write_v that_o william_n design_v to_o establish_v in_o england_n those_o usage_n and_o law_n which_o his_o ancestor_n and_o he_o observe_v in_o normandy_n make_v such_o person_n bishop_n abbot_n and_o other_o principal_a man_n through_o the_o whole_a nation_n who_o can_v not_o be_v think_v so_o unworthy_a as_o to_o be_v guilty_a of_o any_o reluctancy_n or_o disobedience_n to_o they_o know_v by_o who_o and_o to_o what_o they_o be_v raise_v all_o divine_a and_o humane_a thing_n he_o order_v at_o his_o pleasure_n and_o after_o the_o historian_n have_v recount_v in_o what_o thing_n he_o disallow_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o pope_n and_o archbishop_n he_o conclude_v thus_o but_o what_o he_o do_v in_o secular_a matter_n i_o forbear_v to_o write_v because_o it_o be_v not_o my_o purpose_n and_o also_o because_o any_o one_o may_v from_o what_o have_v be_v deliver_v in_o divine_a matter_n easy_o guess_v what_o he_o do_v in_o secular_a somewhat_o also_o to_o this_o purpose_n ingulphus_n norman_n ingulphus_n hist_o croyland_n f._n 512._o a._n b._n all_o earldom_n place_n of_o honour_n and_o profit_n give_v to_o the_o norman_n inform_v we_o that_o by_o hard_a usage_n he_o make_v the_o english_a submit_v that_o he_o give_v the_o earldom_n barony_n bishopric_n and_o prelacy_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n to_o his_o norman_n and_o scarce_o permit_v any_o english_a man_n to_o enjoy_v any_o place_n of_o honour_n dominion_n or_o power_n but_o more_o express_v and_o full_a to_o this_o purpose_n be_v the_o account_n we_o have_v in_o a.b._n in_o de_fw-fr necessary_a scaccarii_fw-la observe_v de_fw-fr murdro_fw-la in_o m._n s._n calo-gonvil_a p._n 35._o a.b._n gervasius_n tilburiensis_n of_o the_o conqueror_n deal_n with_o the_o native_n more_o valuable_a than_o the_o testimony_n of_o a_o hundred_o other_o which_o he_o thus_o deliver_v after_o the_o conquest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o just_a subjection_n of_o rebel_n when_o the_o king_n himself_o and_o his_o great_a man_n have_v view_v and_o survey_v their_o new_a acquest_n there_o be_v a_o strict_a enquiry_n make_v who_o there_o be_v which_o fight_v against_o the_o king_n have_v save_v themselves_o by_o flight_n from_o these_o and_o the_o heir_n of_o such_o as_o be_v slay_v in_o fight_n all_o hope_n of_o possess_v either_o land_n or_o rent_n be_v cut_v off_o for_o they_o esteem_v it_o a_o great_a favour_n to_o have_v the_o benefit_n of_o their_o life_n but_o such_o as_o be_v call_v and_o urge_v to_o fight_v against_o william_n and_o do_v not_o if_o in_o process_n of_o time_n they_o can_v obtain_v the_o favour_n of_o their_o lord_n and_o master_n by_o a_o humble_a obedience_n and_o obsequiousness_n they_o may_v possess_v somewhat_o in_o their_o own_o person_n without_o hope_n of_o succession_n their_o child_n only_o enjoy_v it_o afterward_o at_o the_o will_n of_o their_o lord_n to_o who_o afterward_o when_o they_o become_v odious_a they_o be_v every_o where_o force_v from_o their_o possession_n nor_o will_v any_o restore_v what_o they_o have_v take_v away_o when_o a_o common_a miserable_a complaint_n of_o the_o native_n come_v to_o the_o king_n that_o they_o thus_o expose_v and_o spoil_v of_o all_o thing_n shall_v be_v compel_v to_o pass_v into_o other_o country_n at_o length_n after_o consultation_n upon_o these_o thing_n it_o be_v decree_v that_o what_o they_o can_v by_o their_o desert_n and_o lawful_a bargain_n obtain_v from_o their_o lord_n conquest_n perhaps_o from_o hence_o may_v be_v the_o original_a of_o freehold_n or_o copyhold_n of_o inheritance_n after_o the_o conquest_n they_o shall_v hold_v by_o inviolable_a right_n but_o shall_v not_o claim_v any_o thing_n from_o the_o time_n the_o nation_n be_v overcome_v under_o the_o title_n of_o succession_n or_o descent_n ibidem_fw-la descent_n ibidem_fw-la upon_o what_o great_a consideration_n this_o be_v do_v it_o be_v manifest_a when_o as_o they_o be_v oblige_v by_o a_o study_a compliance_n and_o obedience_n to_o purchase_v their_o lord_n favour_n so_o therefore_o whosoever_o of_o the_o conquer_a people_n possess_v land_n or_o such_o like_a obtain_v they_o not_o as_o seem_v to_o be_v their_o right_n by_o succession_n but_o as_o a_o reward_n for_o their_o merit_n or_o by_o some_o intervening_a agreement_n what_o i_o have_v here_o deliver_v upon_o this_o subject_n may_v probable_o meet_v with_o great_a prejudice_n from_o such_o especial_o who_o have_v or_o may_v read_v sir_n edward_n coke_n preface_n to_o his_o three_o six_o eighth_z and_o nine_o part_n of_o his_o report_n his_o read_n upon_o the_o statute_n of_o fines_n or_o other_o part_n of_o his_o work_n sir_n john_n davis_n his_o preface_n to_o his_o irish_a report_n mr._n nathan_n bacon_n be_v semper_fw-la idem_fw-la the_o late_a learned_a lord_n chancellor_n survey_v of_o hobbs_n his_o leviathan_n p._n 109_o 110._o and_o many_o other_o work_v of_o eminent_a person_n of_o the_o long_a robe_n or_o indeed_o any_o of_o our_o english_a historian_n and_o therefore_o i_o be_o necessitate_v to_o dwell_v the_o long_o upon_o it_o that_o i_o may_v give_v all_o just_a satisfaction_n to_o such_o as_o desire_v to_o inquire_v into_o the_o validity_n of_o their_o argument_n and_o authority_n by_o which_o they_o will_v persuade_v law_n the_o argument_n use_v to_o prove_v the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n be_v not_o the_o norman_a law_n nay_o convince_v the_o world_n that_o the_o common_a law_n and_o custom_n in_o use_n and_o practice_n in_o their_o time_n be_v the_o same_o that_o be_v in_o the_o saxon_a time_n and_o never_o alter_v or_o change_v by_o the_o conqueror_n and_o beyond_o they_o all_o report_n all_o epistle_n to_o the_o six_o part_n of_o his_o report_n sir_n edward_n coke_n concur_v in_o opinion_n with_o sir_n john_n fortescue_n that_o this_o nation_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o roman_n saxon_n dane_n and_o norman_n be_v rule_v by_o the_o same_o law_n and_o custom_n and_o that_o they_o be_v not_o change_v by_o any_o of_o these_o people_n which_o he_o report_n he_o in_o preface_n to_o the_o eight_o part_n of_o the_o report_n affirm_v he_o have_v prove_v by_o many_o
prisoner_n to_o the_o castle_n of_o rhoan_n where_o he_o continue_v until_o the_o death_n of_o william_n who_o as_o he_o here_o he_o see_v my_o preface_n to_o this_o history_n the_o norman_a law_n and_o way_n of_o plead_n establish_v here_o bring_v in_o the_o norman_a law_n and_o cause_v all_o plead_n and_o what_o concern_v the_o law_n to_o be_v do_v in_o norman_a french_a so_o at_o that_o time_n the_o way_n of_o of_o selden_n upon_o this_o passage_n and_o observation_n of_o ingulph_n somewhere_o in_o his_o janus_n anglorum_fw-la admire_v the_o honesty_n and_o simplicity_n of_o those_o time_n and_o seem_v not_o to_o be_v well_o satisfy_v with_o the_o intricacy_n practice_n and_o trick_n of_o the_o law_n and_o manner_n of_o conveyance_n of_o land_n in_o he_o and_o our_o time_n but_o this_o practice_n contain_v somewhat_o more_o than_o that_o it_o be_v a_o investiture_n and_o gift_n or_o pledge_v of_o investiture_n of_o feudal_n estate_n in_o those_o time_n it_o bâ—ing_v a_o etc._n a_o hottom_n in_o lib._n feud_n 2._o it_o be_v 27._o §._o 7._o by_o delivery_n of_o a_o sword_n bow_n arrow_n etc._n etc._n custom_n that_o the_o lord_n or_o patron_n of_o a_o fee_n shall_v deliver_v his_o vassal_n something_o as_o a_o monument_n and_o token_n of_o his_o investiture_n that_o if_o any_o controversy_n happen_v concern_v his_o possession_n he_o may_v produce_v it_o as_o a_o testimony_n against_o he_o transfer_v land_n be_v change_v 30._o change_v ingulph_n histor_n croyland_n fol._n 512._o b._n n._n 30._o in_o former_a time_n many_o farm_n and_o manner_n be_v give_v by_o bare_a word_n without_o script_n or_o scroul_n conquest_n how_o land_n pass_v before_o the_o norman_a conquest_n only_o by_o the_o delivery_n of_o a_o sword_n helmet_n horn_n goblet_n spur_v horsecombe_n bow_n or_o arrow_n by_o the_o lord_n the_o norman_n call_v all_o chirograph_n or_o write_n chart_n and_o whereas_o they_o be_v make_v firm_a before_o by_o the_o subscription_n of_o the_o party_n with_o a_o cross_n england_n seal_v of_o write_n when_o first_o use_v in_o england_n they_o now_o have_v a_o seal_n fix_v to_o they_o set_v upon_o wax_n and_o attest_v by_o three_o or_o four_o witness_n yet_o there_o be_v some_o ancient_a chart_n or_o chirographs_n before_o the_o conquest_n with_o seal_n appendant_a to_o they_o but_o the_o way_n of_o seal_v be_v very_o rare_a in_o those_o time_n william_n have_v conquer_a england_n subdue_v 10._o subdue_v paris_n fol_z 12._o n._n 10._o scotland_n and_o wales_n establish_v his_o norman_a law_n here_o and_o his_o a._n his_o gervas_n tilb._n fol._n 9_o a._n exchequer_n according_a to_o the_o form_n of_o that_o in_o normandy_n take_v care_n for_o the_o settle_v a_o constant_a revenue_n that_o may_v uphold_v he_o in_o his_o grandeur_n and_o new_a acquest_n revenue_n the_o conqueror_n revenue_n which_o consist_v in_o several_a branch_n one_o whereof_o be_v a_o land-tax_n call_v hidage_n tax_n hidage_fw-mi be_v a_o land_n tax_n which_o he_o find_v here_o before_o his_o arrival_n in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n as_o appear_v every_o where_n in_o domesday-book_n whereof_o take_v some_o instance_n hantescire_fw-la tit._n terra_fw-la hugonis_fw-la de_fw-fr port_n in_o fordingbridge_n hundred_o hugo_n de_fw-fr port_n ten_o cerdeford_n duo_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la in_o in_o be_v alodium_n what_o it_o be_v alodium_fw-la in_o this_o place_n be_v not_o land_n or_o a_o estate_n that_o hold_v of_o no_o body_n nor_o though_o it_o may_v be_v free_a in_o respect_n of_o other_o land_n yet_o it_o pay_v the_o common_a and_o constant_a land-tax_n of_o hidage_n which_o be_v most_o common_o 2_o s._n per_fw-la hide_n and_o 2â—6_n and_o hoved._n fol._n 176._o a._n n._n 40._o seld._n dom._n sea_n fol._n 2â—6_n pay_v every_o year_n extraordinary_o sometime_o 3_o s._n sometime_o 4_o s._n sometime_o 6_o s._n per_fw-la hide_n alodio_n hide_n mat._n paris_n anno_fw-la 1083._o fol._n 11._o the_o meaning_n of_o the_o tenure_n in_o alodio_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o seventeen_o year_n of_o the_o conqueror_n and_o also_o in_o some_o other_o king_n reign_v as_o will_v be_v note_v hereafter_o some_o will_v have_v this_o tenure_n like_o that_o of_o the_o prince_n of_o haynault_n de_fw-fr deo_fw-la &_o sole_fw-la without_o acknowledgement_n of_o any_o superior_a lord_n but_o we_o have_v no_o such_o land_n in_o england_n and_o it_o signify_v here_o only_o a_o hereditary_a and_o perpetual_a estate_n free_a and_o in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o possessor_n to_o dispose_v of_o it_o by_o gift_n or_o sale_n this_o tenure_n in_o this_o survey_n refer_v to_o the_o tenant_n and_o possessor_n chief_o before_o the_o conquest_n see_v more_o of_o alodium_n in_o the_o glossary_a alodium_fw-la tenuerunt_fw-la pro_fw-la 2_o maneriis_fw-la de_fw-fr r._n e._n tunc_fw-la &_o modo_fw-la geldabat_fw-la pro_fw-la 5_o hidis_fw-la idem_fw-la hugo_n tenet_fw-la wardeford_n vlricus_n &_o olwardus_fw-la tenuerunt_fw-la tenuerunt_fw-la in_o paragio_fw-mi land_n that_o be_v hold_v in_o parage_v hottoman_n signify_v hottoman_n in_o verb._n feud_n in_o verbo_fw-la paragium_fw-la &_o pariatio_fw-la what_o they_o signify_v say_v paragium_fw-la be_v a_o feudal_n word_n and_o worth_a note_n and_o that_o by_o a_o barbarism_n it_o be_v use_v for_o pariatio_n a_o adequation_n or_o equal_a division_n of_o the_o heritage_n among_o brother_n although_o custom_n have_v prevail_v soâ—n_o some_o place_n that_o by_o the_o prerogative_n of_o age_n the_o young_a have_v not_o so_o great_a a_o share_n as_o the_o elder_a so_o in_o the_o 30._o the_o c._n 30._o grand-customer_n of_o normandy_n it_o be_v tenure_n in_o parage_n though_o the_o young_a have_v less_o than_o the_o elder_a brother_n because_o they_o be_v pair_n or_o equal_a in_o succession_n in_o the_o same_o fee_fw-mi and_o tenure_n they_o hold_v a_o like_a noble_o and_o be_v of_o the_o same_o lineage_n although_o the_o young_a hold_n of_o the_o elder_a in_o parage_n in_o paragio_fw-it de_fw-fr r._n e._n dvas_fw-la aulas_fw-la habuere_fw-la tunc_fw-la se_fw-la pay_v se_fw-la se_fw-la defendit_fw-la defendere_fw-la in_o domesday-book_n be_v the_o same_o with_o geldare_n to_o be_v tax_v or_o rate_v and_o to_o pay_v defendit_fw-la pro_fw-la 4_o hidis_fw-la modo_fw-la pro_fw-la duabus_fw-la vn_fw-fr virgat_fw-la minus_fw-la a._n minus_fw-la domesd_v fol._n 45._o a._n in_o isto_fw-la manerio_fw-la &_o isto_fw-la hundred_n ten._n picot_n 2_o virgat_fw-la &_o dimid_n de_fw-fr rege_fw-la phitelet_n ten._n in_o alodio_fw-la de_fw-fr r._n e._n pro_fw-la manerio_fw-la tunc_fw-la &_o modo_fw-la geld._n pro_fw-la duabus_fw-la virgat_fw-la ibidem_fw-la virgat_fw-la ibidem_fw-la hugo_n de_fw-fr fort_n hold_v cerdeford_n two_o history_n two_o what_o freemen_n be_v and_o the_o several_a sort_n and_o kind_n of_o they_o see_v the_o first_o part_n of_o the_o saxon_a history_n and_o preface_n to_o this_o history_n freeman_n or_o knight_n soldier_n hold_v it_o for_o two_o manner_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n in_o alodio_n then_o and_o now_o it_o be_v tax_v hidage_n hidage_n and_o pay_v for_o five_o hide_n hugh_n hold_v warneford_n vlric_n and_o olward_o hold_v it_o in_o parage_v of_o king_n edw._n they_o have_v two_o hall_n or_o mansion_n than_o it_o pay_v for_o four_o hide_n now_o for_o two_o hide_n and_o one_o virgate_n more_o or_o less_o in_o that_o that_o manerium_fw-la verbo_fw-la manerium_fw-la somâ—_n glossar_n in_o verbo_fw-la a_o pure_a norman_a word_n from_o the_o french_a manoir_n and_o that_o from_o the_o latin_a mansio_fw-la a_o manere_fw-la vel_fw-la derive_v vel_fw-la ord._n vit._n 523._o a_o manerium_fw-la from_o whence_o derive_v manendo_fw-la from_o the_o lord_n remain_v or_o dwell_v upon_o his_o fee_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v here_o in_o any_o of_o our_o author_n or_o historian_n before_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n in_o stead_n of_o which_o the_o saxon_n use_v hida_n familia_fw-la mansura_n maâ—sam_n casata_n etc._n etc._n manner_n and_o that_o hundred_o picot_n hold_v two_o two_o virgara_n terre_fw-fr the_o saxon_n call_v it_o much_o it_o somn._fw-la glossar_n in_o verb._n virgata_fw-la yard_n land_n what_o and_o how_o much_o gyrdland_n common_o yardland_n a_o certain_a quantity_n of_o land_n and_o perhaps_o part_v of_o a_o hide_v different_a according_a to_o the_o diversity_n of_o place_n for_o in_o some_o it_o be_v twenty_o acre_n in_o other_o twenty_o four_o in_o other_o thirty_o etc._n etc._n in_o some_o but_o three_o rood_n virgates_o and_o a_o half_a of_o the_o king_n phitelet_n hold_v it_o in_o alodio_n of_o king_n edw._n for_o a_o manner_n then_o and_o now_o it_o be_v tax_v and_o pay_v for_o two_o virgates_n these_o and_o the_o like_a entry_n we_o find_v or_o at_o least_o the_o number_n of_o hide_n or_o carucate_n in_o every_o town_n and_o manner_n in_o domesday_n by_o which_o the_o tax_n be_v limit_v know_v and_o understand_v the_o make_n of_o this_o survey_v call_v domesday_n be_v a_o great_a design_n in_o the_o
villain_n be_v in_o after_o time_n in_o the_o glossary_a two_o sort_n better_a or_o worse_o or_o predial_a and_o personal_n predial_a although_o they_o be_v of_o a_o servile_a origin_n and_o condition_n yet_o they_o possess_v their_o laâ—ds_n and_o good_n at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n perform_v such_o rustic_a and_o servile_a work_n as_o be_v command_v they_o in_o villa_n or_o village_n from_o whence_o they_o be_v call_v villani_n such_o as_o be_v note_v above_o the_o personal_a servant_n or_o slave_n have_v nothing_o of_o their_o own_o but_o what_o they_o gain_v be_v their_o lord_n who_o feed_v and_o keep_v they_o these_o and_o their_o child_n be_v slave_n the_o former_a probable_o by_o purchase_v a_o certain_a estate_n in_o their_o land_n have_v by_o their_o industry_n grow_v rich_a many_o of_o they_o become_v freeholder_n or_o at_o least_o copy-holders_n of_o inheritance_n in_o process_n of_o time_n the_o word_n servus_n be_v quite_o disuse_v and_o the_o word_n villanus_fw-la use_v to_o express_v both_o these_o sort_n of_o people_n unless_o nativus_fw-la or_o bond-servant_n or_o man_n may_v happy_o to_o use_v for_o the_o personal_a servant_n which_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o german_a mancipia_fw-la so_o frequent_o mention_v in_o their_o very_a ancient_a law_n chart_n or_o charter_n and_o call_v by_o our_o saxon_a ancestor_n agenhine_a that_o be_v proprius_fw-la servus_n once_o proper_a servant_n servi_fw-la modo_fw-la 9_o tunc_fw-la 23_o sochemanni_n &_o modo_fw-la similiter_fw-la tunc_fw-la inter_fw-la totum_fw-la valebat_fw-la 10_o lib._n modo_fw-la 20_o sed_fw-la vicecomes_n inter_fw-la svas_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la &_o placita_fw-la de_fw-fr dimid_n hundred_o recipit_fw-la inde_fw-la 34_o lib._n &_o 4_o lib._n de_fw-fr gersuma_n in_fw-la hoc_fw-la manerio_fw-la adjacebant_fw-la t._n r._n e._n 34_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la qui_fw-la tunc_fw-la reddebant_fw-la 10_o sol_fw-la de_fw-fr consuetudine_fw-la &_o 11_o d._n ex_fw-la illis_fw-la tenet_fw-la ilbodius_n 2_o de_fw-fr 45_o acr_n &_o val_n 6_o sol_fw-la &_o red_a manner_n svam_fw-la consuetadinem_fw-la tedricus_fw-la pointel_n 8_o de_fw-fr dimid_n hid._n &_o 22_o acr_n dimid_n reddentes_fw-la coâ—suetud_fw-la ranulph_n piperel_n 10_o de_fw-la 2_o hide_v &_o 45_o acr_n non_fw-la reddentes_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la willielmus_fw-la grosse_n 5_o &_o unus_fw-la tantum_fw-la reddit_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la &_o val_n 3_o lib._n 13_o s._n rad._n baignard_n 6_o &_o unus_fw-la red_a consuetud_fw-la &_o val_n 20_o s._n homo_fw-la dapifer_fw-la 1_o de_fw-la dimid_n hid._n &_o val_n 20_o s._n goscelinus_n loremarius_n habet_fw-la terram_fw-la unius_fw-la &_o non_fw-la red_a consuet_n etc._n etc._n modo_fw-la custodit_fw-la hoc_fw-la manerium_fw-la petrus_n vicecome_v in_o manu_fw-la regis_fw-la thus_o in_o english_a easesse_v title_n in_o the_o top_n of_o leaf_n the_o king_n land_n survey_n the_o way_n how_o the_o town_n manner_n or_o lordship_n be_v enter_v in_o the_o survey_n and_o before_o the_o particular_a manner_n or_o town_n the_o hundred_o in_o which_o it_o lie_v be_v note_v as_o here_o the_o half_a hundred_o of_o witham_n harold_n hold_v witham_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n for_o a_o manner_n and_o for_o five_o hide_n than_o there_o be_v 21_o villain_n now_o 15_o for_o they_o set_v down_o what_o be_v in_o edward_n the_o confessor_n time_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o conqueror_n then_o there_o be_v nine_o bordar_n now_o ten_o than_o six_o servant_n or_o slave_n now_o nine_o then_o there_o be_v 23_o socheman_n now_o the_o same_o number_n then_o the_o whole_a be_v value_v at_o 10_o l._n now_o 20_o l._n but_o the_o viscount_n or_o sheriff_n receive_v from_o the_o half_a hundred_o for_o his_o custom_n and_o mulct_n or_o forfeiture_n 33_o l._n and_o 4_o l._n for_o fine_a or_o income_n in_o this_o manner_n or_o belong_v to_o this_o manner_n or_o in_o the_o bound_n of_o this_o manner_n there_o be_v in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n thirty_o four_o freeman_n which_o then_o pay_v a_o accustomable_a rent_n of_o 10_o s._n and_o 11_o d._n of_o these_o ilbod_n hold_v two_o which_o have_v 45_o acre_n and_o they_o be_v worth_a to_o he_o 6_o s._n and_o pay_v their_o old_a rent_n to_o the_o manner_n tedric_n pointel_n hold_v eight_o who_o have_v half_o a_o hide_n and_o twenty_o two_o acre_n and_o half_a pay_v custom_n or_o old_a rent_n ranulph_n piperel_n hold_v ten_o who_o have_v two_o hide_n and_o 45_o acre_n which_o pay_v no_o custom_n or_o old_a rent_n william_n grosse_n hold_v five_o and_o only_o one_o of_o they_o pay_v custom_n and_o be_v worth_a to_o he_o 3_o l._n 13_o s._n by_o the_o year_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v in_o all_o these_o sum_n ralph_n baignard_n hold_v six_o and_o one_o pay_v custom_n they_o be_v worth_a 20_o s._n hamo_fw-la the_o sewar_n or_o steward_n hold_v one_o who_o have_v half_o a_o hide_n and_o be_v worth_a to_o he_o 20_o s._n goscelin_n loremar_n have_v the_o land_n of_o one_o and_o pay_v no_o custom_n peter_n the_o viscount_n or_o sheriff_n keep_v this_o manner_n in_o the_o king_n hand_n essessa_fw-la terra_fw-la regis_fw-la hund._n de_fw-fr beventre_fw-fr domesday_n another_o example_n of_o the_o entry_n in_o domesday_n haveringas_fw-la tenuit_fw-la haroldus_n t._n r._n e._n pro_fw-la 1_o manner_n &_o pro_fw-la 10_o hid._n tunc_fw-la 41_o villain_n modo_fw-la 40_o semp_n 41_o bordar_n &_o 6_o servi_fw-la &_o 2_o car._n in_o dominio_fw-la tunc_fw-la 41_o car._n hominum_fw-la modo_fw-la 40_o sylu._n d._n porc_n c._n acr_n prati_fw-la modo_fw-la 1_o molen_n &_o 2_o runc_n &_o 10_o animalia_fw-la &_o 160_o porc_n &_o 269_o ov_n huic_fw-la manner_n adjacebant_fw-la 4_o lib._n homines_fw-la de_fw-la 4_o hidis_fw-la t._n r._n e._n reddentes_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la modo_fw-la ten_o 3_o hid._n rob._n fill_n corbutionis_fw-la hugo_n de_fw-fr montefori_n quartam_fw-la hidam_fw-la &_o non_fw-la reddidere_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la ex_fw-la quo_fw-la eas_fw-la habuere_fw-la etc._n etc._n hoc_fw-la manner_n val_n t._n r._n e._n 36_o l._n modo_fw-la 40._o &_o petrus_n vicecome_v inde_fw-la recipit_fw-la 80_o l._n de_fw-fr censu_fw-la &_o 10_o l._n de_fw-fr gersumma_fw-la essex_n title_n as_o before_o the_o king_n land_n the_o hundred_o of_o beventre_n harold_n hold_v haveringe_v in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n for_o one_o manner_n and_o ten_o hide_n then_o there_o be_v forty_o one_o villain_n now_o forty_o there_o be_v always_o forty_o one_o bordar_n and_o six_o servant_n or_o slave_n and_o two_o carucate_n in_o demeasn_a or_o the_o lord_n hand_n there_o be_v forty_o one_o carucate_n among_o the_o man_n or_o tenant_n now_o forty_o wood_n sufficient_a for_o 500_o hog_n 100_o acre_n of_o meadow_n now_o one_o mill_n and_o two_o working-horse_n or_o packhorse_n and_o ten_o young_a grow_a beast_n and_o 160_o hog_n and_o 269_o sheep_n to_o this_o manner_n there_o belong_v four_o freeman_n who_o have_v four_o hide_n in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n pay_v a_o accustomable_a rent_n now_o robert_n son_n of_o gorbutio_n hold_v four_o of_o those_o hide_n and_o hugh_n montfort_n the_o four_o and_o have_v pay_v no_o rent_n since_o they_o hold_v they_o this_o manner_n be_v worth_a 36_o l._n now_o 40._o and_o peter_n the_o viscount_n or_o sheriff_n receive_v from_o it_o 80_o l._n for_o rent_n and_o 10_o l._n for_o a_o income_n or_o fine_a these_o two_o instance_n be_v sufficient_a to_o show_v the_o method_n which_o be_v use_v in_o make_v domesday-book_n but_o all_o entry_n in_o it_o be_v not_o alike_o they_o be_v more_o or_o less_o exact_a and_o particular_a in_o some_o county_n than_o other_o according_a to_o the_o care_n diligence_n and_o industry_n of_o the_o commissioner_n and_o scribe_n revenue_n a_o second_o branch_n of_o the_o conqueror_n revenue_n a_o second_o branch_n of_o his_o revenue_n be_v relief_n or_o fine_n for_o give_v the_o possession_n of_o hereditary_a fee_n assignation_n of_o dower_n out_o of_o the_o husband_n estate_n composition_n for_o licence_n to_o marry_v and_o to_o have_v the_o wardship_n of_o heir_n or_o entrance_n upon_o farm_n due_a to_o he_o from_o all_o tenant_n in_o chief_a by_o the_o feudal_n law_n of_o all_o nation_n where_o there_o be_v fee_n as_o incident_a to_o that_o tenure_n but_o by_o our_o lawyer_n say_v to_o be_v by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n these_o be_v call_v oblata_fw-la b._n oblata_fw-la geru._n tilb._n lib._n 2._o c._n 13._o ibid._n c._n 24._o b._n spontanea_fw-la free_a offering_n or_o bid_n for_o such_o a_o thing_n before_o mention_v and_o be_v such_o as_o be_v enter_v by_o themselves_o upon_o the_o oblata_fw-la roll_n of_o king_n john_n and_o henry_n the_o three_o and_o also_o when_o the_o king_n accept_v what_o be_v offer_v they_o be_v call_v convention_n bargain_n between_o the_o king_n and_o offerer_n everwicsâ—_n offerer_n rot._n pip._n 14._o johannis_n everwicsâ—_n hawisia_n countess_n of_o albemarle_n give_v 5000_o mark_n to_o have_v the_o possession_n of_o her_o inheritance_n
receive_v the_o whole_a country_n of_o constantin_n now_o contantin_n be_v then_o the_o three_o part_n of_o normandy_n with_o the_o city_n constance_n auranche_n and_o the_o monastery_n of_o st._n michael_n mount_n in_o the_o sea_n etc._n etc._n present_o d._n present_o ib._n d._n d._n upon_o this_o action_n of_o duke_n roberts_n in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o the_o government_n of_o the_o two_o brother_n the_o chief_a man_n that_o have_v 1088._o an._n do._n 1088._o and_o be_v like_a to_o have_v great_a estate_n in_o both_o nation_n meet_v to_o treat_v about_o the_o division_n and_o separation_n of_o they_o one_o from_o another_o prince_n another_o ibid._n fol._n 666._o a._n the_o english_a and_o french_a norman_n meet_v to_o consult_v whether_o it_o be_v expedient_a england_n and_o normandy_n shall_v have_v two_o different_a prince_n both_o of_o they_o have_v be_v under_o the_o power_n and_o government_n of_o their_o defunct_a lord_n who_o by_o their_o assistance_n have_v conquer_a england_n they_o be_v in_o a_o great_a straight_o what_o to_o do_v they_o can_v not_o serve_v two_o lord_n so_o remote_a from_o one_o another_o ibidem_fw-la another_o ibidem_fw-la if_o they_o faithful_o serve_v robert_n duke_n of_o normandy_n they_o shall_v offend_v his_o brother_n william_n and_o shall_v lose_v their_o land_n and_o honour_n in_o england_n and_o if_o they_o prove_v obedient_a to_o william_n robert_n will_v deprive_v they_o of_o their_o paternal_a inheritance_n in_o normandy_n c._n normandy_n ibid._n c._n at_o last_o they_o resolve_v that_o see_v robert_n be_v the_o elder_a and_o that_o they_o have_v swear_v fealty_n to_o he_o in_o his_o father_n life_n time_n to_o set_v he_o up_o and_o make_v he_o prince_n of_o england_n and_o normandy_n for_o preservation_n of_o the_o unity_n of_o both_o nation_n robert_n nation_n ibidem_fw-la the_o chief_a friend_n and_o undertaker_n for_o duke_n robert_n this_o be_v the_o agreement_n of_o odo_n bishop_n of_o bayeux_n eustacbius_n earl_n of_o bulloine_n normandy_n they_o conclude_v to_o make_v robert_n king_n of_o england_n and_o duke_n of_o normandy_n normandy_n robert_n de_fw-fr belesin_n e_o or_o de_fw-fr bellismo_fw-la castello_fw-la be_v castello_fw-la vale_n not_o gal._n in_o verbo_fw-la robert_n de_fw-fr belesme_fw-fr who_o he_o be_v quasi_fw-la bellisimo_fw-la a_o fair_a castle_n in_o the_o county_n of_o perch_n he_o be_v elder_a son_n to_o roger_n de_fw-fr montgomery_n earl_n of_o arundel_n and_o shrewsbery_n and_o have_v the_o great_a inheritance_n of_o his_o father_n c._n father_n orderic_n fol._n 708._o c._n in_o normandy_n when_o his_o second_o brother_n hugh_n de_fw-fr montgomery_n enjoy_v his_o father_n earldom_n in_o england_n who_o die_v without_o issue_n they_o come_v to_o this_o robert_n in_o the_o c._n the_o ibidem_fw-la 768._o c._n ten_o year_n of_o william_n rufus_n for_o which_o he_o give_v he_o 3000_o l._n sterling_a as_o a_o relief_n robert_n de_fw-fr belesin_n and_o many_o other_o which_o they_o communicate_v to_o duke_n robert_n to_o who_o if_o they_o will_v begin_v he_o promise_v sufficient_a assistance_n for_o effect_v their_o design_n therefore_o ibidem_fw-la therefore_o ibidem_fw-la after_o christmas_n they_o pass_v into_o england_n fortify_v their_o castle_n and_o in_o a_o short_a time_n stir_v up_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o country_n against_o the_o king_n ibidem_fw-la king_n ibidem_fw-la with_o these_o join_a roger_n earl_n of_o arundel_n and_o shrewsbery_n hugh_n grentmesnill_n viscount_n of_o leicester_n and_o many_o more_o very_a great_a man_n in_o england_n or_o at_o least_o seem_o continue_v with_o william_n and_o favour_v the_o design_n of_o robert_n d._n robert_n ibid._n d._n who_o fortify_v man_v and_o victual_v their_o castle_n and_o waste_v the_o country_n almost_o all_o over_o the_o nation_n expect_a duke_n robert_n with_o a_o army_n out_o of_o normandy_n at_o the_o spring_n ibidem_fw-la spring_n ibidem_fw-la king_n william_n observe_v the_o posture_n of_o his_o affair_n resolve_v to_o suppress_v these_o insurrection_n and_o to_o that_o purpose_n convoke_v lanfranc_n archbishop_n bishop_n earls_z and_o natural_a english_a rufus_n lanfranc_n the_o archbishop_n the_o other_o bishop_n and_o natural_a english_a side_n with_o rufus_n and_o show_v they_o his_o intention_n who_o exhort_v the_o king_n to_o proceed_v against_o the_o perturber_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o promise_v their_o ready_a assistance_n magazine_n assistance_n ibidem_fw-la fol._n 667._o b._n rochester_n choose_v as_o a_o place_n of_o advantage_n and_o fit_v for_o a_o magazine_n odo_n with_o some_o of_o the_o chief_a norman_n who_o intend_v to_o set_v up_o robert_n choose_v rochester_n as_o a_o place_n of_o advantage_n and_o most_o fit_a for_o their_o chief_a magazine_n be_v in_o the_o middle_a way_n between_o london_n and_o canterbury_n near_o the_o sea_n and_o near_o the_o kentish_a island_n which_o be_v convenient_o seat_v for_o the_o land_a force_n and_o warlike_a provision_n from_o whence_o at_o their_o pleasure_n they_o can_v keep_v a_o correspondency_n with_o duke_n robert_n but_o diligence_n but_o ibidem_fw-la fol._n 667._o b._n rochester_n besiege_v duke_n robert_n lose_v the_o town_n and_o castle_n by_o sloth_n and_o want_n of_o diligence_n king_n william_n prevent_v their_o design_n by_o besiege_v the_o town_n in_o the_o month_n of_o may_n follow_v where_o he_o shut_v up_o odo_n eustathius_n earl_n of_o bolloigne_n robert_n de_fw-fr belesme_fw-fr and_o many_o other_o nobleman_n and_o person_n of_o inferior_a rank_n who_o in_o vain_a expect_v the_o assistance_n of_o robert_n be_v detain_v only_o by_o ease_n and_o sloth_n from_o his_o promise_a expedition_n condition_n expedition_n ib._n c._n d._n the_o defendant_n offer_v to_o yield_v upon_o condition_n out_o of_o the_o town_n they_o be_v force_v into_o the_o castle_n where_o many_o perish_v by_o a_o rage_a sickness_n and_o urge_v by_o many_o other_o necessity_n they_o send_v out_o to_o king_n william_n that_o upon_o condition_n they_o may_v enjoy_v their_o land_n and_o estate_n they_o will_v yield_v the_o castle_n and_o for_o the_o future_a serve_v he_o faithful_o as_o their_o natural_a lord_n the_o king_n be_v angry_a at_o these_o proposition_n condition_n rufus_n deny_v their_o condition_n and_o swear_v he_o will_v take_v the_o perfidious_a traitor_n by_o force_n hang_v and_o destroy_v they_o with_o divers_a kind_n of_o death_n and_o to_o his_o nobility_n have_v many_o friend_n and_o relation_n in_o the_o castle_n persuade_v he_o to_o moderation_n b._n moderation_n orderic_n fol._n 668._o b._n he_o give_v this_o answer_n that_o whosoever_o spare_v perjure_a man_n thief_n plunderer_n and_o execrable_a traitor_n take_v away_o quiet_a and_o peace_n from_o innocent_a man_n and_o lay_v a_o foundation_n of_o innumerable_a mischief_n to_o the_o good_a and_o harmless_a d._n harmless_a ibid._n d._n but_o at_o length_n overcome_v by_o the_o intercession_n of_o his_o faithful_a friend_n c._n friend_n ibidem_fw-la 667._o c._n which_o be_v all_o the_o bishop_n of_o england_n with_o the_o english_a hugh_z earl_n of_o chester_n chester_n c._n chester_n ibidem_fw-la 669._o c._n he_o be_v a_o esquire_n to_o edward_n the_o confessor_n and_o by_o he_o make_v knight_n his_o father_n be_v ibidem_fw-la be_v ibidem_fw-la humfrid_n de_fw-fr teliolo_n b._n teliolo_n ibidem_fw-la fol._n 512._o b._n governor_n of_o the_o fortress_n of_o hastings_n and_o son_n to_o ansfrid_n the_o dane_n his_o mother_n adeliza_n sister_n to_o hugh_n de_fw-fr grentmoisnill_n viscount_n of_o leicester_n and_o governor_n of_o ibidem_fw-la of_o ibidem_fw-la winchester_n he_o have_v his_o name_n of_o rodeled_n hundr_n rodeled_n domesd_v cestrescire_fw-la atiscros_n hundr_n or_o roelent_v from_o the_o castle_n and_o territory_n of_o roelent_v in_o the_o march_n of_o north-wales_n of_o which_o he_o be_v governor_n and_o general_n of_o all_o the_o force_n in_o cheshire_n under_o earl_n hugh_n and_o not_o only_o defend_v it_o against_o the_o welsh_a but_o conquer_a much_o of_o north-wales_n ibidem_fw-la north-wales_n ibidem_fw-la which_o he_o farm_a of_o the_o king_n for_o 40_o l._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la ibidem_fw-la annum_fw-la ibidem_fw-la beside_o the_o fee_n of_o ross_n and_o rowenloc_n which_o he_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n twelve_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o four_o in_o breadth_n robert_n de_fw-mi roelent_fw-mi william_n de_fw-fr warrenna_n warrenna_n he_o be_v son_n of_o haimon_n earl_n of_o corboile_v in_o normandy_n thereof_o normandy_n monast_n vol._n 1._o fol._n 154._o col._n 2._o n_o 40._o robert_n fitz-haymon_n make_v earl_n of_o gloucester_n by_o rufus_n and_o have_v the_o estate_n of_o brictric_n the_o saxon_a earl_n thereof_o to_o who_o for_o the_o great_a service_n he_o have_v do_v his_o father_n and_o himself_o william_n rufus_n give_v the_o earldom_n of_o gloucester_n and_o the_o possession_n of_o brictric_n the_o saxon_a who_o be_v earl_n thereof_o before_o the_o conquest_n the_o which_o earldom_n and_o possession_n queen_n maâ—d_v enjoy_v during_o her_o life_n and_o her_o husband_n the_o conqueror_n afterward_o this_o robert_n have_v
in_o england_n the_o king_n of_o france_n recall_v the_o young_a king_n and_o earl_n of_o flanders_n from_o the_o sea_n coast_n and_o with_o a_o great_a army_n besiege_v roven_v but_o prevail_v little_a against_o it_o for_o the_o baron_n and_o knight_n of_o normandy_n that_o hearty_o love_v henry_n the_o father_n put_v themselves_o into_o the_o city_n and_o courageous_o defend_v it_o this_o news_n come_v to_o king_n henry_n the_o elder_a his_o affair_n in_o england_n be_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n settle_v with_o great_a speed_n he_o go_v to_o portsmouth_n and_o on_o the_o eight_o of_o august_n be_v friday_n land_v at_o barfleu_n in_o normandy_n and_o carry_v with_o he_o his_o brabanter_n and_o one_o thousand_o welsh_z with_o he_o he_o also_o carry_v william_n king_n of_o scot_n the_o earl_n of_o leycester_n and_o chester_n and_o first_o imprison_v they_o at_o caen_n and_o afterward_o at_o falais_n on_o sunday_n next_o he_o come_v to_o roven_n the_o next_o morning_n early_o he_o send_v the_o welsh_a beyond_o the_o river_n seyn_fw-mi to_o search_v the_o wood_n on_o that_o side_n of_o the_o town_n where_o the_o king_n of_o france_n be_v with_o his_o army_n they_o meet_v with_o forty_o wagon_n jade_v with_o wine_n and_o victual_n from_o france_n victual_n the_o welsh_a take_v a_o french_a convoy_n of_o wine_n and_o victual_n the_o driver_n and_o convoy_n flee_v the_o welsh_a pursue_v and_o take_v some_o and_o kill_v other_o and_o return_v to_o their_o prize_n they_o break_v the_o wagon_n and_o stave_v the_o wine_n vessel_n lead_v away_o the_o horse_n the_o report_n whereof_o come_v to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o his_o army_n they_o think_v of_o nothing_o but_o slight_a the_o king_n of_o england_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n clear_v the_o gate_n the_o citizen_n have_v stop_v up_o and_o march_v out_o fill_v up_o the_o ditch_n which_o be_v draw_v between_o the_o king_n of_o france_n his_o army_n and_o the_o city_n the_o king_n of_o france_n then_o command_v that_o his_o stone-casting_a and_o other_o warlike_a engine_n shall_v be_v break_v and_o burn_v he_o also_o command_v his_o soldier_n to_o arm._n the_o king_n of_o england_n come_v up_o to_o his_o tent_n with_o his_o soldier_n or_o knight_n and_o their_o servant_n and_o the_o king_n of_o france_n his_o knight_n and_o servant_n or_o esquire_n come_v out_o of_o their_o tent_n and_o charge_v furious_o the_o english_a french_a the_o english_a beat_v the_o french_a who_o take_v and_o wound_v many_o of_o they_o and_o kill_v most_o of_o their_o horse_n next_o morning_n william_n archbishop_n of_o sens_n and_o theobald_n earl_n of_o blois_n come_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o ask_v leave_v that_o the_o king_n of_o france_n may_v safe_o retreat_n with_o his_o army_n to_o malhauny_a raise_v the_o siege_n raise_v upon_o condition_n he_o come_v next_o day_n to_o treat_v with_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o that_o he_o shall_v do_v so_o they_o both_o oblige_v themselves_o by_o their_o faith_n and_o oath_n and_o so_o the_o king_n of_o france_n depart_v with_o his_o army_n to_o the_o place_n appoint_v and_o there_o stay_v but_o about_o midnight_n 1174._o the_o king_n of_o france_n regard_v not_o his_o promise_n an._n do._n 1174._o he_o private_o cause_v his_o soldier_n to_o march_v and_o they_o halt_v not_o until_o they_o come_v into_o france_n not_o regard_v the_o faith_n and_o oath_n of_o the_o archbishop_n or_o earl_n by_o which_o for_o his_o advantage_n they_o have_v oblige_v themselves_o this_o retreat_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n happen_v on_o the_o fourteen_o of_o august_n on_o the_o day_n follow_v the_o archbishop_n and_o earl_n come_v again_o a._n again_o ibidem_fw-la p._n 58._o b._n &_o p._n 59_o a._n to_o king_n henry_n the_o father_n and_o propound_v a_o pardon_n a_o colloquium_fw-la that_o be_v the_o word_n as_o much_o use_v in_o the_o old_a historian_n french_a and_o english_a as_o concilium_fw-la be_v for_o a_o parliament_n richard_z earl_n of_o poictou_n rebel_n against_o his_o father_n he_o fly_v before_o his_o father_n and_o leave_v his_o castle_n and_o fortress_n he_o cast_v himself_o at_o his_o father_n foot_n and_o beg_v pardon_n conference_n or_o treaty_n between_o he_o and_o the_o king_n of_o france_n at_o giser_n upon_o the_o feast_n of_o the_o nativity_n of_o the_o virgin_n mary_n or_o eight_o of_o september_n at_o which_o time_n they_o meet_v but_o can_v not_o agree_v but_o appoint_v another_o colloquium_fw-la or_o treaty_n on_o michaelmass-day_n between_o tours_n and_o ambois_n upon_o condition_n that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n the_o mean_a while_n may_v march_v into_o poictou_n to_o subdue_v his_o son_n richard_n they_o swear_v that_o neither_o the_o king_n of_o france_n nor_o the_o young_a king_n nor_o any_o for_o they_o or_o on_o their_o party_n shall_v give_v or_o send_v he_o relief_n when_o he_o come_v into_o poictou_n his_o son_n richard_n dare_v not_o stand_v he_o but_o flee_v from_o every_o place_n where_o he_o think_v he_o will_v come_v and_o relinquish_v the_o castle_n and_o fortress_n he_o have_v former_o take_v and_o when_o he_o hear_v the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o his_o brother_n have_v make_v truce_n with_o the_o king_n his_o father_n and_o exclude_v he_o he_o be_v mighty_o trouble_v and_o come_v weep_v and_o cast_v himself_o at_o his_o father_n foot_n and_o ask_v his_o pardon_n he_o move_v with_o paternal_a compassion_n receive_v he_o into_o favour_n and_o kiss_v he_o he_o he_o ibidem_fw-la p._n 59_o a._n hoved._n f._n 309._o a._n n._n 30_o 40_o 50._o who_o forgive_v he_o this_o peace_n be_v make_v between_o his_o father_n and_o he_o on_o the_o twenty_o three_o of_o september_n richard_n go_v with_o his_o father_n to_o meet_v the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o his_o brother_n that_o he_o may_v inform_v they_o what_o he_o have_v do_v on_o michaelmass-day_n all_o party_n meet_v between_o tours_n and_o ambois_n according_a to_o agreement_n and_o the_o day_n follow_v the_o young_a king_n and_o his_o brother_n mercy_n all_o his_o rebellious_a son_n submit_v to_o his_o mercy_n according_a to_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n submit_v themselves_o to_o their_o father_n mercy_n and_o make_v with_o he_o article_n of_o peace_n and_o confirm_v they_o with_o their_o seal_n i._o the_o young_a king_n son_n king_n append._n n._n 35._o article_n of_o peace_n between_o old_a king_n henry_n and_o his_o son_n henry_n and_o his_o brother_n richard_n and_o geofry_n shall_v return_v to_o the_o obedience_n of_o their_o father_n notwithstanding_o any_o oath_n of_o which_o they_o be_v to_o be_v absolve_v they_o have_v make_v between_o themselves_o or_o with_o other_o against_o he_o or_o his_o men._n ii_o that_o all_o their_o man_n tenant_n in_o military_a service_n or_o such_o as_o have_v otherwise_o do_v homage_n to_o they_o and_o baron_n such_o as_o hold_v immediate_o of_o they_o their_o barony_n that_o have_v for_o their_o sake_n recede_v from_o the_o fidelity_n they_o ought_v to_o their_o father_n be_v by_o they_o to_o be_v free_v and_o acquit_v from_o the_o obligation_n of_o such_o oath_n and_o covenant_n they_o have_v make_v with_o they_o and_o so_o be_v to_o return_v into_o the_o homage_n and_o allegiance_n of_o their_o lord_n the_o king_n iii_o the_o king_n his_o man_n and_o baron_n be_v to_o re-have_a and_o possess_v all_o their_o land_n castle_n etc._n etc._n which_o they_o have_v fifteen_o day_n before_o the_o rupture_n between_o father_n and_o son_n likewise_o the_o king_n baron_n and_o man_n that_o leave_v he_o and_o follow_v his_o son_n be_v to_o have_v again_o all_o their_o land_n they_o have_v at_o the_o same_o time_n iv_o the_o king_n the_o father_n remit_v all_o evil_a will_n towards_o his_o baron_n and_o man_n which_o leave_v he_o so_o as_o for_o that_o he_o will_v do_v they_o no_o evil_n so_o long_o as_o they_o serve_v he_o faithful_o as_o their_o liege_n lord_n the_o like_o the_o young_a king_n remit_v to_o all_o clerk_n and_o laic_n which_o be_v in_o his_o father_n service_n and_o give_v security_n he_o will_v not_o procure_v their_o hart_n or_o damage_n in_o his_o whole_a life_n v._o by_o this_o concord_n the_o king_n be_v to_o give_v his_o son_n henry_n two_o convenient_a castle_n in_o normandy_n by_o his_o own_o appointment_n and_o 15000_o l._n yearly_a of_o anjou_n money_n to_o his_o son_n richard_n two_o convenient_a receptacle_n or_o place_n of_o receipt_n in_o poictou_n so_o as_o no_o damage_n may_v accrue_v to_o his_o father_n from_o they_o and_o in_o money_n half_a the_o revenue_n of_o poictou_n to_o his_o son_n geofry_n he_o give_v in_o money_n half_a the_o fortune_n or_o revenue_n he_o be_v to_o have_v by_o his_o marriage_n of_o earl_n conans_fw-la daughter_n and_o after_o he_o be_v marry_v to_o she_o by_o consent_n of_o
with_o such_o suceess_n that_o no_o one_o dare_v withstand_v he_o he_o take_v the_o city_n of_o limeric_n and_o the_o king_n castle_n as_o well_o as_o those_o of_o his_o enemy_n the_o irish_a let_v he_o know_v by_o certain_a templar_n send_v to_o he_o that_o he_o act_v traitorous_o against_o his_o prince_n in_o ireland_n as_o he_o have_v do_v in_o england_n and_o by_o geofry_n marsh_n or_o de_fw-fr marisco_n his_o contrivance_n be_v desperate_o 4._o desperate_o fol._n 400._o lin_v 4._o wound_v in_o fight_n and_o take_v prisoner_n where_o after_o some_o day_n continuance_n he_o die_v of_o his_o wound_n death_n wound_n fol._n 403._o n._n 10._o the_o king_n lament_v his_o death_n when_o the_o king_n receive_v the_o news_n of_o his_o death_n he_o much_o lament_v the_o loss_n of_o so_o great_a a_o soldier_n affirm_v he_o have_v not_o leave_v his_o accommodation_n his_o ibid._n n._n 30._o he_o invit_v the_o proscribe_a nobleman_n to_o a_o accommodation_n equal_a in_o the_o kingdom_n the_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n return_v from_o lewelin_n to_o the_o king_n at_o gloucester_n and_o inform_v he_o that_o before_o any_o treaty_n he_o desire_v the_o nobleman_n that_o be_v confederated_a with_o he_o may_v be_v receive_v into_o favor_n then_o the_o king_n send_v out_o his_o 1234._o his_o ibid._n n._n 40._o a._n d._n 1234._o letter_n to_o all_o those_o that_o be_v proscribe_v to_o meet_v at_o gloucester_n on_o the_o 29_o of_o may_n to_o be_v reconcile_v unto_o their_o king_n and_o to_o be_v restore_v to_o their_o inheritance_n the_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n promise_v they_o safe_a conduct_n 50._o conduct_n ibid._n n._n 50._o the_o first_o that_o come_v to_o the_o king_n peace_n be_v hubert_z de_fw-fr burgh_n late_o justiciary_a of_o england_n and_o earl_n of_o kent_n who_o the_o king_n receive_v with_o kiss_n and_o embrace_n king_n embrace_n fol._n 404._o n._n 10_o 20._o they_o accept_v the_o offer_n and_o be_v reconcile_v to_o the_o king_n after_o he_o come_v gilbert_n basset_n and_z richard_z sward_n with_o many_o other_o who_o be_v proscribe_v with_o they_o and_o be_v all_o receive_v with_o the_o kiss_n of_o peace_n and_o reconcile_v to_o the_o king_n and_o have_v all_o their_o right_n and_o inheritance_n restore_v of_o which_o their_o reconciliation_n council_n reconciliation_n append._n n._n 155._o several_a of_o they_o receive_v into_o his_o council_n and_o restoration_n he_o give_v lewelin_n speedy_a notice_n and_o also_o at_o the_o intercession_n of_o the_o archbishop_n he_o grant_v to_o gilbert_n brother_n to_o richard_z earl_n marshal_z late_o decease_v all_o his_o inheritance_n both_o in_o england_n and_o ireland_n and_o receive_v his_o homage_n and_o on_o whitsunday_n follow_v at_o worcester_n he_o knight_v he_o and_o give_v he_o the_o mareschal_n staff_n of_o his_o court_n and_o receive_v hubert_n de_fw-fr burgh_n gilbert_n basset_n and_z richard_z sward_n into_o his_o council_n the_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n that_o be_v send_v to_o treat_v with_o lewelin_n make_v a_o wales_n a_o ibid._n n._n 156._o a_o truce_n make_v between_o the_o king_n and_o lewelin_n prince_n of_o wales_n truce_n for_o two_o yeas_o from_o the_o feast_n of_o st._n james_n or_o 25_o of_o august_n follow_v upon_o these_o condition_n that_o all_o injury_n do_v on_o both_o side_n since_o the_o last_o truce_n shall_v be_v refer_v to_o those_o â—at_a make_v it_o that_o all_o land_n take_v from_o any_o one_o in_o the_o late_a war_n shall_v be_v restore_v that_o all_o man_n and_o tenant_n that_o have_v recede_v from_o the_o fealty_n of_o their_o lord_n and_o adhere_v to_o the_o contrary_a party_n may_v return_v again_o without_o damage_n or_o be_v question_v for_o it_o of_o this_o truce_n he_o give_v notice_n to_o his_o brother_n richard_n earl_n of_o cornwall_n and_o ralph_n de_fw-fr tony_n that_o they_o may_v be_v take_v into_o it_o if_o they_o will_v for_o their_o land_n in_o the_o march_n at_o the_o same_o meet_v the_o archbishop_n produce_v a_o copy_n 40._o copy_n 〈◊〉_d n._n 30_o 40._o of_o that_o treacherous_a letter_n that_o be_v send_v into_o ireland_n against_o richard_n earl_n marshal_n and_o the_o king_n law_n the_o treacherous_a design_n against_o the_o life_n of_o richard_n earl_n marshal_v discover_v the_o king_n summon_v his_o old_a counsellor_n to_o give_v up_o their_o account_n and_o to_o stand_v to_o the_o law_n before_o the_o whole_a assembly_n of_o the_o bishop_n earls_z and_o baron_n protest_v that_o through_o the_o importunity_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o winchester_n peter_n de_fw-fr rivallis_n and_o other_o counsellor_n he_o consent_v his_o seal_n shall_v be_v put_v to_o those_o letter_n but_o assure_v they_o upon_o his_o oath_n he_o never_o see_v the_o tenor_n of_o they_o then_o the_o king_n summon_v the_o bishop_n of_o winchester_n peter_n de_fw-fr rivallis_n stephan_n segrave_n and_o robert_n passelew_n to_o appear_v on_o the_o feast_n of_o st._n john_n baptist_n to_o give_v up_o their_o account_n and_o to_o answer_v to_o such_o crime_n as_o shall_v be_v object_v against_o they_o and_o stand_v to_o the_o law_n but_o be_v conscious_a of_o their_o own_o wickedness_n and_o not_o dare_v to_o stand_v a_o trial_n some_o take_v sanctuary_n in_o cathedral_n or_o conventual_a church_n and_o other_o flee_v as_o be_v believe_v but_o hide_v themselves_o in_o the_o new_a temple_n then_o the_o king_n king_n king_n fol._n 405._o n._n 10_o 20_o 30._o peter_n de_fw-fr rivallis_n severe_o rebuke_v and_o threaten_v by_o the_o king_n at_o the_o request_n of_o the_o archbishop_n promise_v they_o safe_a conduct_n and_o appoint_v the_o 14_o of_o july_n for_o they_o to_o appear_v at_o westminster_n to_o answer_v to_o the_o article_n against_o they_o peter_n de_fw-fr rivallis_n be_v the_o first_o that_o appear_v in_o a_o clerc_n habit_n and_o salute_v the_o king_n sit_v upon_o the_o bench_n with_o his_o justice_n who_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o see_v he_o call_v he_o traitor_n and_o accuse_v he_o for_o give_v he_o pernicious_a counsel_n and_o require_v he_o to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o his_o treasuryship_n the_o wardship_n of_o young_a nobleman_n and_o woman_n and_o escheat_n and_o other_o profit_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o then_o tell_v he_o he_o will_v commit_v he_o to_o the_o tower_n he_o say_v he_o be_v a_o priest_n and_o ought_v not_o be_v imprison_v or_o be_v in_o the_o custody_n of_o layman_n the_o king_n tell_v he_o he_o have_v hitherto_o behave_v himself_o as_o a_o layman_n and_o as_o such_o he_o exact_v what_o be_v commit_v to_o he_o yet_o say_v the_o archbishop_n be_v present_a and_o if_o he_o will_v undertake_v for_o he_o he_o shall_v be_v deliver_v to_o he_o he_o be_v silent_a and_o the_o king_n send_v he_o to_o the_o tower_n tower_n he_o be_v commit_v to_o the_o tower_n and_o seize_v all_o his_o lay-possession_n because_o under_o his_o clerc_n habit_n he_o have_v a_o coat_n of_o mayl_n and_o a_o knight_n falchion_n at_o his_o girdle_n which_o do_v not_o become_v a_o clerc_n he_o remain_v there_o only_o two_o day_n and_o then_o be_v take_v out_o by_o the_o archbishop_n carry_v to_o winchester_n archbishop_n but_o taâ—en_o out_o by_o the_o archbishop_n and_o put_v into_o the_o cathedral_n the_o same_o account_n same_o ibid._n n._n 40._o stephen_n segrave_n call_v to_o a_o account_n day_n appear_v stephan_n segrave_n before_o the_o king_n he_o call_v he_o traitor_n and_o add_v that_o it_o be_v by_o his_o wicked_a counsel_n hubert_n earl_n of_o kent_n be_v remove_v from_o the_o office_n of_o justiciary_a and_o imprison_v and_o that_o many_o of_o the_o nobility_n be_v proscribe_v he_o require_v he_o also_o to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o his_o justiciaryship_n and_o by_o the_o mediation_n of_o the_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n give_v he_o time_n till_o michaelmass_o follow_v to_o prepare_v for_o it_o justiciary_a hugo_n de_fw-fr paâ—eshulle_n name_v justiciary_a then_o the_o king_n name_v hugo_n de_fw-fr pateshulle_n a_o clerc_n his_o justiciary_a son_n of_o simon_n de_fw-fr pateshulle_n who_o have_v former_o manage_v that_o office_n with_o great_a integrity_n this_o year_n about_o the_o feast_n of_o st._n john_n baptist_n the_o britain_n the_o fol._n 406._o lin_v â—_o the_o king_n send_v aid_n to_o the_o earl_n of_o britain_n truce_n between_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o france_n expire_a king_n henry_n send_v over_o to_o the_o earl_n of_o britain_n sixty_o knight_n and_o 2000_o welch_n to_o enable_v he_o to_o strengthen_v the_o weak_a place_n of_o his_o dominion_n because_o the_o king_n of_o france_n have_v raise_v a_o great_a army_n and_o have_v actual_o besiege_v one_o of_o the_o earl_n of_o britain_n castle_n but_o be_v soon_o defeat_v by_o the_o english_a force_n britain_n their_o success_n against_o the_o french_a the_o king_n of_o france_n resolve_v to_o invade_v britain_n and_o many_o of_o the_o french_a be_v slay_v and_o all_o their_o
britain_n and_o his_o calesians_n who_o have_v already_o thrice_o set_v upon_o they_o and_o spoil_v they_o to_o their_o irreparable_a loss_n and_o damage_n both_o of_o man_n ship_n and_o good_n when_o the_o archbishop_n hear_v their_o answer_n he_o signify_v the_o same_o to_o the_o king_n and_o desire_v 10._o desire_v fol._n 599._o n._n 10._o he_o to_o hasten_v his_o return_n into_o england_n on_o st._n gregory_n day_n march_v 12_o the_o confirm_v the_o fol._n 600._o n._n 10._o the_o truce_n between_o england_n and_o france_n confirm_v five_o year_n truce_n between_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o france_n be_v confirm_v and_o by_o agreement_n the_o king_n of_o france_n be_v to_o retain_v what_o he_o have_v get_v by_o the_o sword_n and_o what_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v acquire_v by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o gascon_n be_v to_o be_v restore_v to_o he_o about_o this_o time_n molis_fw-la time_n ibid._n n._n 40_o 50._o the_o king_n passage_n into_o england_n delay_v by_o many_o accident_n he_o commit_n the_o government_n of_o gascoigny_n to_o nicholas_n de_fw-fr molis_fw-la the_o king_n write_v to_o the_o archbishop_n to_o provide_v such_o as_o may_v secure_v his_o passage_n into_o england_n command_v all_o the_o great_a man_n to_o be_v in_o a_o readiness_n at_o portsmouth_n to_o receive_v he_o at_o his_o land_n but_o by_o many_o accident_n his_o passage_n be_v delay_v the_o queen_n be_v scarce_o recover_v from_o her_o childbed_n the_o citizen_n of_o bordeaux_n and_o all_o the_o gasconians_n be_v unwilling_a to_o part_v with_o so_o profitable_a a_o guest_n who_o be_v so_o generous_a in_o his_o distribution_n and_o after_o he_o be_v ship_v he_o be_v force_v to_o return_v again_o to_o bordeaux_n to_o quiet_a the_o tumult_n that_o arise_v among_o the_o gascoinians_n whereby_o the_o archbishop_n and_o great_a man_n of_o england_n be_v weary_v out_o with_o long_a attendance_n at_o length_n after_o he_o have_v settle_v gascoigny_n and_o commit_v the_o government_n of_o that_o country_n to_o nicholas_n de_fw-fr molis_fw-la he_o again_o take_v ship_n and_o land_v at_o portsmouth_n on_o the_o 25_o of_o september_n and_o be_v receive_v at_o joy_n at_o fol._n 604._o n._n 20_o 30._o the_o king_n receive_v by_o his_o subject_n with_o the_o great_a instance_n of_o gratitude_n and_o joy_n winchester_n by_o almost_o all_o the_o nobility_n with_o all_o demonstration_n of_o joy_n and_o thanks_o and_o by_o the_o citizen_n of_o london_n with_o variety_n of_o inestimable_a gift_n and_o by_o the_o clergy_n with_o a_o pompous_a and_o sumptuous_a procession_n on_o the_o 13_o of_o october_n follow_v this_o year_n on_o the_o nativity_n of_o st._n john_n baptist_n innocent_a the_o four_o be_v choose_v pope_n after_o one_o year_n and_o nine_o month_n vacancy_n this_o year_n the_o jew_n present_n jew_n fol._n 605._o n._n 50._o the_o jew_n force_v to_o pay_v great_a sum_n of_o money_n to_o the_o king_n the_o religious_a make_v he_o great_a present_n be_v force_v to_o pay_v to_o the_o king_n great_a sum_n of_o money_n the_o abbat_n also_o and_o prior_n present_v he_o with_o great_a gift_n which_o if_o they_o do_v not_o in_o value_n answer_v his_o expectation_n he_o reject_v they_o and_o require_v other_o of_o more_o value_n on_o the_o first_o of_o november_n 40._o november_n fol._n 606._o n._n 40._o beatrix_n countess_n of_o provence_n the_o queen_n mother_n come_v into_o england_n and_o bring_v with_o she_o her_o daughter_n cincia_n who_o be_v soon_o after_o marry_v provence_n marry_v ibid._n n._n 40._o earl_n richard_z marry_v to_o cincia_n daughter_n to_o beatrix_n countess_z of_o provence_n to_o earl_n richard_n at_o westminster_n on_o saint_n clements-day_n the_o 23d_o of_o that_o month_n and_o ______o the_o wedding_n be_v celebrate_v with_o great_a pomp_n and_o feast_v there_o be_v no_o less_o than_o 30000_o dish_n provide_v for_o one_o dinner_n triginta_fw-la millia_fw-la ferculorum_fw-la prandentibus_fw-la parabantur_fw-la in_o the_o year_n 1244._o king_n henry_n at_o wallingford_n at_o fol._n 613._o n._n 30._o the_o king_n and_o court_n treat_v by_o earl_n richard_n at_o wallingford_n christmas_n be_v entertain_v at_o wallingford_n by_o his_o brother_n earl_n richard_n and_o noble_o treat_v as_o likewise_o be_v most_o of_o the_o nobility_n of_o the_o nation_n his_o wife_n câ—ncia_n be_v there_o with_o beatrix_n her_o mother_n who_o soon_o after_o take_v her_o solemn_a 40._o solemn_a ibid._n n._n 40._o leave_n of_o the_o king_n and_o court_n take_v ship_n at_o dover_n and_o pass_v into_o her_o own_o country_n about_o this_o time_n the_o pope_n send_v master_n according_o master_n ibid._n n._n 50._o innocent_n the_o four_o martin_n the_o pope_n legate_n send_v into_o england_n with_o a_o exorbitant_a power_n he_o exercise_n it_z according_o martin_n his_o legate_n into_o england_n with_o power_n to_o excommunicate_v and_o suspend_v whosoever_o he_o shall_v find_v refractory_a to_o his_o command_n by_o which_o authority_n he_o suspend_v several_a praelate_n until_o they_o shall_v make_v such_o a_o provision_n for_o the_o pope_n clerk_n and_o kinsman_n as_o he_o desire_v who_o think_v any_o revenue_n under_o 30_o mark_n by_o the_o year_n not_o worth_a his_o receive_n lest_o he_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o collector_n of_o trifle_n ne_fw-fr quisquilias_fw-la colligere_fw-la videretur_fw-la moreover_o he_o direct_v his_o letter_n to_o several_a abbat_n and_o prior_n strict_o enjoin_v they_o to_o send_v he_o such_o horse_n as_o be_v fit_a for_o the_o pope_n special_a clerk_n and_o if_o they_o refuse_v or_o make_v any_o excuse_n though_o never_o so_o reasonable_a they_o be_v forthwith_o suspend_v as_o the_o abbot_n of_o malmsbury_n and_o prior_n of_o merton_n be_v until_o they_o shall_v make_v full_a satisfaction_n and_o when_o any_o prebendary_n of_o church_n become_v void_a he_o present_o seize_v they_o and_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o pope_n authority_n dispose_v of_o they_o as_o he_o please_v and_o give_v one_o of_o the_o rich_a praebendary_n of_o salisbury_n to_o a_o little_a boy_n that_o be_v his_o nephew_n against_o the_o will_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o the_o whole_a chapter_n near_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o year_n the_o king_n of_o france_n it_o france_n fol._n 614._o n._n 50._o the_o king_n of_o france_n his_o offer_n to_o his_o subject_n that_o have_v estate_n in_o england_n and_o france_n the_o king_n of_o england_n will_v not_o consent_v to_o it_o assemble_v at_o paris_n all_o such_o of_o his_o subject_n that_o have_v possession_n in_o england_n and_o declare_v to_o they_o that_o he_o think_v they_o can_v not_o serve_v faithful_o two_o different_a lord_n at_o the_o same_o time_n and_o then_o give_v they_o their_o choice_n to_o who_o they_o will_v adhere_v and_o after_o that_o to_o relinquish_v their_o possession_n and_o land_n in_o the_o other_o prince_n dominion_n upon_o this_o some_o keep_v their_o estate_n in_o france_n and_o leave_v those_o in_o england_n other_o keep_v their_o estate_n in_o england_n and_o leave_v those_o in_o france_n when_o this_o be_v know_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n he_o command_v the_o norman_n estate_n in_o his_o realm_n to_o be_v forthwith_o seize_v and_o will_v not_o give_v they_o their_o liberty_n of_o choice_n as_o the_o king_n of_o france_n have_v do_v this_o be_v by_o the_o french_a look_v upon_o to_o be_v a_o breach_n of_o the_o truce_n but_o their_o king_n be_v not_o so_o well_o recover_v or_o at_o leisure_n to_o prosecute_v the_o violation_n by_o a_o new_a war_n but_o endeavour_v to_o appease_v and_o repress_v the_o querulous_a invective_n his_o norman_a subject_n make_v against_o the_o king_n of_o england_n in_o february_n king_n henry_n receive_v make_v receive_v fol._n 616._o n._n 50._o several_a new_a counsellor_n make_v sir_n paulinus_n piper_n steward_n of_o his_o household_n and_o john_n mansell_n chancellor_n of_o st._n paul_n into_o his_o council_n and_o master_n laurence_n of_o st._n martin_n be_v make_v president_n of_o his_o council_n and_o his_o procurator_n in_o all_o ecclesiastical_a affair_n son_n affair_n fol._n 617._o n._n 20._o the_o unfortunate_a end_n of_o griffin_n prince_n leolins_n son_n about_o the_o same_o time_n griffin_n son_n of_o leolin_n prince_n of_o north_n wales_n prisoner_n in_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n endeavour_v to_o make_v his_o escape_n out_o of_o prison_n by_o a_o rope_n fasten_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tower_n but_o be_v a_o man_n of_o great_a bulk_n and_o weighty_a the_o rope_n break_v in_o his_o descent_n and_o he_o perish_v by_o that_o fall_n which_o happen_v on_o the_o one_a of_o march_n 1244._o a._n d._n 1244._o this_o year_n notwithstanding_o their_o oath_n engagement_n and_o chart_n the_o welsh_a man_n and_o their_o prince_n have_v make_v to_o king_n henry_n henry_n henry_n fol._n 638._o n._n 10._o the_o welsh_a revolt_n from_o king_n henry_n they_o revolt_a from_o his_o obedience_n and_o make_v war_n
his_o court_n according_a to_o the_o lawful_a custom_n and_o statute_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o by_o the_o king_n mandate_n and_o the_o like_o the_o lord_n john_n shall_v cause_v to_o be_v observe_v in_o his_o land_n and_o possession_n and_o if_o any_o one_o presume_v to_o do_v otherwise_o at_o the_o request_n of_o the_o earl_n he_o shall_v be_v punish_v or_o fine_v by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o roven_n if_o in_o england_n and_o by_o the_o justiciaries_n and_o such_o as_o have_v be_v swear_v conservator_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o in_o like_a manner_n the_o lord_n john_n shall_v punish_v and_o fine_a at_o their_o request_n the_o new_a castle_n which_o have_v be_v build_v or_o begin_v since_o the_o king_n go_v beyond_o sea_n be_v to_o be_v demolish_v nor_o any_o other_o to_o be_v raise_v any_o where_o unless_o it_o shall_v be_v think_v fit_a to_o do_v it_o upon_o the_o king_n demesne_n unless_o some_o famous_a person_n may_v do_v it_o by_o the_o king_n command_v signify_v by_o his_o brief_a or_o letter_n or_o a_o unsuspected_a messenger_n the_o re-scisin_a of_o the_o sherifwic_n of_o lincolnshire_n shall_v be_v give_v to_o gerard_n de_fw-fr camvill_n and_o the_o same_o day_n he_o shall_v have_v a_o time_n set_v of_o stand_v to_o the_o judgement_n of_o or_o appear_v in_o the_o king_n court_n and_o if_o it_o can_v be_v make_v appear_v he_o be_v to_o lose_v the_o sherifwic_n of_o the_o castle_n of_o lincoln_n by_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o king_n court_n he_o be_v to_o lose_v it_o if_o otherwise_o he_o be_v to_o keep_v it_o unless_o some_o other_o agreement_n can_v be_v make_v neither_o be_v the_o lord_n john_n to_o protect_v he_o contrary_a to_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o king_n court_n nor_o receive_v any_o outlaw_n nor_o any_o of_o the_o king_n enemy_n which_o be_v name_v to_o he_o or_o permit_v they_o to_o be_v receive_v in_o his_o land_n but_o if_o any_o one_o be_v accuse_v of_o any_o forfeiture_n make_v to_o the_o king_n the_o earl_n may_v lawful_o receive_v he_o so_o long_o as_o he_o offer_v himself_o to_o stand_v trial_n in_o the_o king_n court._n the_o earl_n and_o chancellor_n put_v their_o own_o hand_n within_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o roven_n give_v security_n for_o the_o observation_n of_o this_o agreement_n in_o good_a faith_n and_o without_o any_o evil_a artifice_n and_o fourteen_o baron_n of_o both_o part_n swear_v the_o same_o on_o the_o chancellor_n part_n the_o earl_n of_o arundel_n the_o earl_n of_o salisbury_n earl_n roger_n bigod_n the_o earl_n of_o clare_n walter_n fitz-robert_n william_n de_fw-fr braiosa_n roger_n fitz-rainfrai_a on_o the_o earl_n part_n stephan_n ridel_n his_o chancellor_n william_n de_fw-fr wenneval_n robert_n de_fw-fr mara_n philip_n de_fw-fr wirescestre_fw-fr william_n de_fw-fr kahannes_n gilbert_n basset_n william_n montacute_n and_o if_o any_o thing_n shall_v be_v take_v or_o intercept_v by_o either_o party_n during_o the_o truce_n it_o shall_v be_v lawful_o restore_v or_o satisfaction_n give_v for_o it_o these_o thing_n be_v do_v save_v the_o king_n authority_n and_o command_n in_o all_o thing_n yet_o so_o as_o if_o the_o king_n before_o his_o return_n be_v not_o satisfy_v with_o this_o agreement_n the_o castle_n of_o nottingham_n and_o tikehil_n shall_v be_v deliver_v to_o the_o lord_n john_n whatsoever_o the_o king_n shall_v command_v concern_v they_o epistola_fw-la richardi_fw-la regis_fw-la angliae_fw-la ad_fw-la alienor_fw-la reginam_fw-la matrem_fw-la svam_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la justitiarios_fw-la suos_fw-la angliae_fw-la hoved._n f._n 413._o a._n n._n 20._o richarud_n dei_fw-la gratia_fw-la rex_fw-la angliae_fw-la dux_n normanniae_fw-la et_fw-la aquitaniae_fw-la n._n 76_o et_fw-la comes_fw-la andegaviae_n alienor_fw-la eadem_fw-la gratia_fw-la reginae_fw-la angliae_fw-la charissimae_fw-la matri_fw-la suae_fw-la et_fw-la justitiis_fw-la suis_fw-la et_fw-la omnibus_fw-la fidelibus_fw-la suis_fw-la per_fw-la angliam_fw-la constitutis_fw-la salutem_fw-la notum_fw-la sit_fw-la vniversitati_fw-la vestrae_fw-la quod_fw-la postquam_fw-la recesserunt_fw-la a_o nobis_fw-la dilecti_fw-la nostri_fw-la hubertus_n venerabilis_fw-la episcopus_fw-la saresbiriensis_n et_fw-la willielmus_fw-la de_fw-fr sanctae_fw-la mariae_fw-la ecclesia_fw-la protonotarius_fw-la noster_fw-la venit_fw-la ad_fw-la nos_fw-la charissimus_fw-la cancellarius_fw-la noster_fw-la willielmus_fw-la eliensis_n episcopus_fw-la et_fw-la eo_fw-la inter_fw-la dominum_fw-la imperatorem_fw-la et_fw-la nos_fw-la fideliter_fw-la interloquente_fw-la eo_fw-la usque_fw-la res_fw-la pervenit_fw-la quod_fw-la de_fw-fr castello_n de_fw-fr trivellis_n in_fw-la quo_fw-la detinebamur_fw-la obviam_fw-la venimus_fw-la imperatori_fw-la apud_fw-la hagenou_n ubi_fw-la honorifice_fw-la ab_fw-la ipso_fw-la imperatore_n et_fw-la tota_fw-la curia_fw-la recepti_fw-la fuimus_fw-la ibique_fw-la dominus_fw-la imperator_fw-la et_fw-la domina_fw-la imperatrix_fw-la nos_fw-la magnis_fw-la et_fw-la variis_fw-la muneribus_fw-la honoraverunt_fw-la et_fw-la quod_fw-la praecipuum_fw-la est_fw-la mutuum_fw-la feodus_fw-la amoris_fw-la et_fw-la indâ—ssolubile_n inter_fw-la dominum_fw-la imperatorem_fw-la contractum_fw-la est_fw-la et_fw-la nos_fw-la ita_fw-la quod_fw-la uterque_fw-la nostrum_fw-la alterum_fw-la contra_fw-la omnes_fw-la viventes_fw-la in_o jure_fw-la svo_fw-la obtinendo_fw-la et_fw-la retinendo_fw-la juvare_fw-la debet_fw-la honostè_fw-fr autem_fw-la circa_fw-la ipsum_fw-la imperatorem_fw-la moram_fw-la facimus_fw-la donec_fw-la ipsius_fw-la et_fw-la nostra_fw-la negotia_fw-la perficiantur_fw-la et_fw-la donec_fw-la ei_fw-la septuaginta_fw-la millia_fw-la marcarum_fw-la argenti_fw-la solverimus_fw-la quare_fw-la vos_fw-la rogamus_fw-la et_fw-la in_o fide_fw-la qua_fw-la nobis_fw-la tenemini_fw-la adjuramus_fw-la quatenus_fw-la in_o hac_fw-la pecunia_fw-la perquirenda_fw-la solliciti_fw-la sitis_fw-la et_fw-la vos_fw-la justitiarii_fw-la nostri_fw-la qui_fw-la aliis_fw-la in_o regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la praeestis_fw-la exemplum_fw-la aliis_fw-la praebeatis_fw-la ut_fw-la ita_fw-la honorificè_fw-la et_fw-la magnificè_fw-la de_fw-fr proprio_fw-la nobis_fw-la subveniatis_fw-la et_fw-la etiam_fw-la de_fw-fr his_o quae_fw-la de_fw-la aliis_fw-la mutuo_fw-la accipere_fw-la poteritis_fw-la et_fw-la aliis_fw-la fidelibus_fw-la nostris_fw-la exemplum_fw-la detis_fw-la similia_fw-la faciendi_fw-la universum_fw-la autem_fw-la aurum_fw-la et_fw-la argentum_fw-la ecclesiarum_fw-la diligenti_fw-la observatione_fw-la et_fw-la scripti_fw-la testimonio_fw-la ab_fw-la ipsarum_fw-la ecclesiarum_fw-la praelatis_fw-la accipiatis_fw-la eisque_fw-la per_fw-la sacramentum_fw-la vestrum_fw-la et_fw-la aliorum_fw-la baronum_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la quos_fw-la volueritis_fw-la affirmetis_fw-la quod_fw-la eye_v plenary_a restituentur_fw-la vniversorum_fw-la etiam_fw-la baronum_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la obsides_fw-la recipiatis_fw-la ut_fw-la cum_fw-la fidelissimus_fw-la cancellaâ—ius_fw-la noster_fw-la quam_fw-la cito_fw-la peractis_fw-la in_o alemannia_n negotiis_fw-la nostris_fw-la in_o anglia_fw-it venerit_fw-la eosdem_fw-la obsides_fw-la penes_fw-la charissimam_fw-la matrem_fw-la nostram_fw-la reginam_fw-la reperiat_fw-la ut_fw-la eos_fw-la de_fw-la quibus_fw-la inter_fw-la nos_fw-la et_fw-la dominum_fw-la imperatorem_fw-la convenit_fw-la expedite_a possit_fw-la ad_fw-la nos_fw-la transmittere_fw-la ne_fw-la liberatio_fw-la nostra_fw-la per_fw-la absentiam_fw-la obsidium_fw-la &_o nâ—gligentiam_fw-la vestram_fw-la moram_fw-la patiatur_fw-la pecunia_fw-la autem_fw-la collecta_fw-la similiter_fw-la matri_fw-la meae_fw-la &_o illis_fw-la quibus_fw-la ipsa_fw-la voluerit_fw-la tradatur_fw-la quem_fw-la autem_fw-la in_o necessitate_v nostra_fw-la promptum_fw-la inveniemus_fw-la in_o suis_fw-la necessitatibus_fw-la amicum_fw-la nos_fw-la rereperiet_fw-la &_o remuneratorem_fw-la gratiusque_fw-la nobis_fw-la erit_fw-la si_fw-la quis_fw-la in_o absentia_fw-la nostra_fw-la in_o aliquo_fw-la nobis_fw-la subveniat_fw-la quam_fw-la si_fw-la in_o praesentia_fw-la nostra_fw-la in_o duplo_fw-la quis_fw-la nobis_fw-la subveniret_fw-la volumus_fw-la autem_fw-la ut_fw-la singulorum_fw-la magnatum_fw-la nomina_fw-la &_o subventione_n quae_fw-la praesentialiter_fw-la fient_fw-la per_fw-la sigillum_fw-la matris_fw-la nostrae_fw-la nobis_fw-la significentur_fw-la ut_fw-la sciamus_fw-la quantum_fw-la unicuique_fw-la in_o gratiarum_fw-la actionibus_fw-la teneamur_fw-la sciatis_fw-la pro_fw-la certo_fw-la quòd_fw-la si_fw-la in_o anglia_fw-it in_fw-it libera_fw-la potestate_fw-la nostra_fw-la essemus_fw-la constituti_fw-la tantam_fw-la vel_fw-la majorem_fw-la pecuniam_fw-la domino_fw-la imperatori_fw-la daremus_fw-la quam_fw-la modo_fw-la damus_fw-la pro_fw-la pactionibus_fw-la consequendis_fw-la quas_fw-la per_fw-la dei_fw-la gratiam_fw-la consecuti_fw-la sumus_fw-la &_o si_fw-la etiam_fw-la pecuniam_fw-la non_fw-la prae_fw-la manibus_fw-la haberemus_fw-la proprium_fw-la corpus_fw-la nostrum_fw-la imperatori_fw-la traderemus_fw-la donec_fw-la pecunia_fw-la solverâ—tur_fw-la antequam_fw-la quod_fw-la factum_fw-la est_fw-la relinqueretur_fw-la imperfectum_fw-la in_o bulla_fw-la autem_fw-la domini_fw-la imperatoris_fw-la aurea_fw-la fert_fw-la vobis_fw-la cancellarius_fw-la noster_fw-la praedictam_fw-la testificationem_fw-la testibus_fw-la nobis_fw-la ipsis_fw-la apud_fw-la hagennou_n 13_o cal._n maii._n in_o mense_fw-la septembris_fw-la missi_fw-la sunt_fw-la ex_fw-la parte_fw-la regis_fw-la per_fw-la singulos_fw-la comitatus_fw-la angliae_fw-la justitiarii_fw-la errantes_fw-la n._n 77_o hoved._n f._n 423â—_n a._n n._n 30._o &_o secundum_fw-la subscriptorum_fw-la formam_fw-la capitulorum_fw-la processerunt_fw-la in_o justiciis_fw-la exequendis_fw-la forma_fw-la procedendi_fw-la in_o placitis_fw-la coronae_fw-la regis_fw-la in_o primis_fw-la eligendi_fw-la sunt_fw-la quatuor_fw-la milites_fw-la de_fw-la toto_fw-la comitatu_fw-la ibidem_fw-la n._n 40._o qui_fw-la per_fw-la sacramentum_fw-la suum_fw-la eligant_fw-la dvos_fw-la legales_fw-la milites_fw-la de_fw-la quolibet_fw-la hundredo_fw-la n._n 77_o vel_fw-la wapentacco_n &_o illi_fw-la duo_fw-la eligant_fw-la super_fw-la sacramentum_fw-la
virorum_fw-la willielmi_n mareschalli_n comitis_fw-la penbroc_n w._n comitis_fw-la saresberiensis_n willielmi_n comitis_fw-la warrennae_fw-la willielmi_n comitis_fw-la arund_fw-mi l_o alani_n de_fw-fr galeweia_n constabularii_fw-la scotiae_fw-la warin_fw-mi silij_fw-la gerardi_n petri_n silij_fw-la hereberti_fw-la &_o huberti_n de_fw-fr â—urgo_fw-it seneschalli_n pictaviae_n hugonis_n de_fw-fr novilla_n matthaei_n silij_fw-la hereberti_fw-la thomae_fw-la basset_n alani_n basset_n philippi_n de_fw-fr albeni_n roberti_n de_fw-fr ropesle_n johannis_n marescalli_n &_o johannis_n silij_fw-la hugonis_fw-la &_o aliorum_fw-la fidelium_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la in_fw-la primis_fw-la concâ—ssisse_fw-la deo_fw-la &_o hac_fw-la praesenti_fw-la charta_fw-la nostra_fw-la confirmasse_fw-la pro_fw-la nâ—bis_fw-la &_o haeredibus_fw-la nostris_fw-la in_o perpetuum_fw-la john_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n king_n of_o england_n etc._n etc._n to_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n etc._n etc._n know_v you_o that_o we_o in_o the_o presence_n or_o for_o the_o sake_n of_o god_n and_o for_o the_o health_n of_o our_o soul_n and_o the_o soul_n of_o all_o my_o antecessor_n and_o heir_n and_o to_o the_o honour_n of_o god_n and_o the_o exaltation_n of_o holy_a church_n and_o amendment_n of_o our_o kingdom_n by_o advice_n of_o our_o venerable_a father_n stephan_n archbishop_n of_o canturbury_n primate_n of_o all_o england_n and_z cardinal_z of_o the_o holy_a roman_a church_n henry_n archbishop_n of_o dublin_n william_n bishop_n of_o london_n peter_n of_o winchester_n jocelin_n of_o bath_n and_o glastonbury_n hugh_n of_o lincoln_n walter_z of_o worcester_z william_n of_o coventry_n benedict_n of_o rochester_n bishop_n and_o master_n pandulph_n the_o pope_n sub-deacon_n and_o ancient_a servant_n brother_n of_o the_o master_n of_o the_o temple_n of_o england_n and_o the_o noble_a person_n william_n marshal_n or_o marshal_z earl_n of_o pembroke_n william_n earl_n of_o salisbury_n william_n earl_n of_o warren_n william_n earl_n of_o arundel_n alan_n de_fw-fr galewey_n constable_n of_o scotland_n warin_n fitz-gerard_n peter_n fitz-herebert_n and_o hugo_n de_fw-fr burgh_n senescal_n or_o steward_n of_o poictou_n hugh_n de_fw-fr neuâ—l_n matthew_n fitz-herebert_n thomas_n basset_n alan_n basset_n philip_n de_fw-fr albeney_n robert_n de_fw-fr ropesle_n john_n marshal_n john_n fitz-hugh_n and_o other_o our_o feudatary_n or_o liegeman_n have_v first_o of_o all_o grant_v to_o god_n and_o by_o this_o our_o present_a charter_n confirm_v for_o we_o and_o our_o heir_n for_o ever_o i._o quod_fw-la anglicana_n ecclesia_fw-la libera_fw-la sit_fw-la &_o habeat_fw-la jura_fw-la sva_fw-la integra_fw-la svas_fw-la &_o libertates_fw-la illaesas_fw-la &_o ita_fw-la volumus_fw-la observari_fw-la quod_fw-la apparet_fw-la ex_fw-la eo_fw-la quod_fw-la libertatem_fw-la electionum_fw-la quae_fw-la maxima_fw-la &_o magis_fw-la necessaria_fw-la reputatur_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la anglicanae_n mera_fw-fr &_o spontanea_fw-la voluntate_fw-la ante_fw-la discordiam_fw-la inter_fw-la nos_fw-la &_o barones_n nostros_fw-la manifest_a motam_fw-la concessimus_fw-la &_o charta_fw-la nostra_fw-la confirmavimus_fw-la &_o eam_fw-la obtinuimus_fw-la a_o domino_fw-la papa_n innocentio_n papa_n tertio_fw-la confirmari_fw-la quam_fw-la &_o nos_fw-la observabimus_fw-la &_o ab_fw-la haeredibus_fw-la nostris_fw-la in_o perpetuum_fw-la bona_fw-la fide_fw-la volumus_fw-la observari_fw-la that_o the_o english_a church_n shall_v be_v free_a and_o enjoy_v her_o whole_a right_n and_o her_o liberty_n unhurt_a and_o we_o will_v have_v they_o so_o observe_v as_o it_o may_v appear_v that_o the_o freedom_n of_o election_n which_o be_v repute_v most_o necessary_a for_o the_o english_a church_n which_o we_o grant_v and_o confirm_v by_o our_o chart_n and_o obtain_v the_o confirmation_n of_o it_o from_o pope_n innocent_a the_o three_o before_o the_o discord_n between_o we_o and_o our_o baron_n be_v of_o our_o mere_a free_a will._n which_o chart_n of_o freedom_n we_o shall_v observe_v and_o do_v will_v it_o to_o be_v faithful_o observe_v by_o our_o heir_n for_o ever_o ii_o concessimus_fw-la etiam_fw-la &_o omnibus_fw-la liberis_fw-la hominibus_fw-la nostris_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la pro_fw-la nobis_fw-la &_o haeredibus_fw-la nostris_fw-la in_o perpetuum_fw-la omnes_fw-la libertates_fw-la subscriptas_fw-la habendas_fw-la &_o tenendas_fw-la eye_n &_o haeredibus_fw-la suis_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la &_o haeredibus_fw-la nostris_fw-la we_o have_v also_o grant_v to_o all_o our_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n for_o we_o and_o our_o heir_n for_o ever_o all_o the_o underwritten_a liberty_n to_o have_v and_o to_o hold_v to_o they_o and_o their_o heir_n of_o we_o and_o our_o heir_n iii_o si_fw-la quis_fw-la comitum_fw-la vel_fw-la baronum_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la sive_fw-la aliorum_fw-la tenentium_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la per_fw-la servitium_fw-la militare_fw-la mortuus_fw-la fuerit_fw-la &_o cum_fw-la decesserit_fw-la haeres_fw-la suus_fw-la plenae_fw-la aetatis_fw-la fuerit_fw-la &_o relevium_fw-la debeat_fw-la habeat_fw-la haereditatem_fw-la svam_fw-la per_fw-la antiquum_fw-la relevium_fw-la scilicet_fw-la haeres_fw-la vel_fw-la haeredes_fw-la comitis_fw-la de_fw-la baronia_fw-la comitis_fw-la integra_fw-la per_fw-la centum_fw-la libras_fw-la haeres_fw-la vel_fw-la haeredes_fw-la baronis_fw-la de_fw-la baronia_fw-la integra_fw-la centum_fw-la marcas_fw-la haeres_fw-la vel_fw-la haeredes_fw-la mâ—litis_fw-la de_fw-la feudo_fw-la militis_fw-la integro_fw-la pâ—r_fw-la centum_fw-la solidos_fw-la ad_fw-la plus_fw-la &_o qui_fw-la minus_fw-la debuerit_fw-la minus_fw-la det_fw-la secundum_fw-la antiquam_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la feudorum_fw-la if_o any_o of_o our_o earl_n or_o baron_n or_o other_o which_o hold_v of_o we_o in_o chief_a by_o military_a service_n shall_v die_v and_o at_o the_o time_n of_o his_o death_n his_o heir_n shall_v be_v of_o full_a age_n and_o owe_v a_o relief_n he_o shall_v have_v his_o inheritance_n or_o estate_n by_o the_o ancient_a relief_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o heir_n or_o heir_n of_o a_o earl_n for_o a_o whole_a earl_n barony_n a_o hundred_o pound_n the_o heir_n or_o heir_n of_o a_o baron_n for_o a_o whole_a barony_n a_o hundred_o mark_n the_o heir_n or_o heir_n of_o a_o knight_n for_o a_o whole_a knight_n fee_n a_o hundred_o shilling_n and_o he_o that_o owe_v less_o shall_v give_v less_o according_a to_o the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o fe_n iv_o si_fw-la autem_fw-la alicujus_fw-la haeres_fw-la talium_fw-la fuerit_fw-la infra_fw-la aetatem_fw-la &_o fuerit_fw-la in_o custodia_fw-la dominus_fw-la ejus_fw-la non_fw-la habeat_fw-la custodiam_fw-la ejus_fw-la nec_fw-la terrae_fw-la suae_fw-la antequam_fw-la homagium_fw-la ejus_fw-la ceperit_fw-la &_o postquam_fw-la talis_fw-la haeres_fw-la fuerit_fw-la in_o custodia_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la aetatem_fw-la pervenerit_fw-la scilicet_fw-la viginti_fw-la &_o unius_fw-la anni_fw-la habeat_fw-la haereditatem_fw-la svam_fw-la sine_fw-la relevio_fw-la &_o sine_fw-la sine_fw-la ita_fw-la tamen_fw-la quod_fw-la si_fw-la ipse_fw-la dum_fw-la infra_fw-la aetatem_fw-la fuerit_fw-la fiat_fw-la mile_n nihilominus_fw-la terra_fw-la remaneat_fw-la in_o custodia_fw-la dominorum_fw-la suorum_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la terminum_fw-la praedictum_fw-la but_o if_o the_o heir_n of_o any_o such_o shall_v be_v under_o age_n and_o shall_v be_v in_o ward_n his_o lord_n may_v not_o have_v the_o wardship_n of_o he_o nor_o his_o land_n before_o he_o have_v receive_v his_o homage_n and_o after_o such_o heir_n shall_v be_v in_o ward_n and_o shall_v attein_v to_o the_o age_n of_o one_o and_o twenty_o year_n he_o shall_v have_v his_o inheritance_n without_o relief_n or_o without_o fine_a yet_o so_o that_o if_o he_o be_v make_v a_o knight_n while_o he_o be_v under_o age_n nevertheless_o the_o land_n shall_v remain_v in_o the_o custody_n or_o guardianship_n of_o their_o lord_n until_o the_o foresay_a time_n v._o custos_fw-la terrae_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la haeredis_fw-la qui_fw-la infra_fw-la aetatem_fw-la fuerit_fw-la non_fw-la capiat_fw-la de_fw-fr terra_fw-la haeredis_fw-la nisi_fw-la rationabiles_fw-la exitus_fw-la &_o rationabiles_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la &_o rationabilia_fw-la servitia_fw-la &_o hac_fw-la sine_fw-la destructione_n &_o vasto_fw-la hominum_fw-la vel_fw-la rerum_fw-la et_fw-la si_fw-la nos_fw-la commiserimus_fw-la custodiam_fw-la alicui_fw-la talis_fw-la terrae_fw-la vicecomiti_fw-la vel_fw-la alicui_fw-la alii_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la exitibus_fw-la terrae_fw-la illius_fw-la nobis_fw-la debent_fw-la respondere_fw-la &_o ille_fw-la destructionem_fw-la de_fw-la custodia_fw-la fecerit_fw-la vel_fw-la vastum_fw-la nos_fw-la ab_fw-la illo_fw-la capiemus_fw-la emendam_fw-la &_o terra_fw-la committatur_fw-la duobus_fw-la legalibus_fw-la &_o discretis_fw-la hominibus_fw-la de_fw-la feudo_fw-la illo_fw-la qui_fw-la similiter_fw-la nobis_fw-la respondeant_fw-la sicut_fw-la praedictum_fw-la est_fw-la the_o warden_n or_o guardian_n of_o the_o land_n of_o such_o heir_n which_o shall_v be_v under_o age_n shall_v take_v of_o the_o land_n of_o the_o heir_n only_o reasonable_a issue_n or_o profit_n reasonable_a custom_n and_o reasonable_a service_n and_o these_o without_o the_o destruction_n or_o waste_v of_o the_o tenant_n or_o thing_n upon_o the_o estate_n and_o if_o we_o shall_v commit_v the_o guardianship_n of_o those_o land_n to_o the_o sheriff_n or_o any_o other_o which_o ought_v to_o answer_v to_o we_o for_o the_o issue_n or_o profit_n of_o the_o land_n and_o he_o shall_v make_v destruction_n and_o waste_n upon_o the_o ward-land_n we_o will_v force_v he_o to_o give_v satisfaction_n and_o the_o land_n shall_v be_v commit_v to_o lawful_a and_o discreet_a
laic_n to_o collect_v this_o ten_o but_o the_o king_n of_o scot_n meet_v they_o between_o werk_n and_o brigeham_n and_o will_v not_o permit_v they_o to_o enter_v into_o his_o kingdom_n to_o collect_v they_o yet_o offer_v to_o give_v the_o king_n for_o they_o mark_n the_o king_n of_o scoâ—s_n offer_v 5000_o mark_n and_o to_o have_v his_o castle_n again_o five_o thousand_o mark_n of_o silver_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n philip_n king_n of_o france_n cause_v the_o ten_o of_o the_o rent_n and_o movable_n hominum_fw-la suorum_fw-la of_o his_o man_n or_o subject_n to_o be_v collect_v in_o all_o his_o dominion_n this_o very_a year_n conquer_v year_n ibidem_fw-la n._n 50._o raymund_n earl_n or_o st._n giles_n make_v war_n upon_o richard_n the_o king_n son_n and_o be_v conquer_v raymund_n earl_n of_o st._n giles_n aimer_fw-fr earl_n of_o engolism_n geofry_n de_fw-fr rancune_fw-fr and_o geofry_n de_fw-fr lusignan_n and_o almost_o all_o the_o rich_a people_n of_o poictou_n make_v war_n upon_o richard_n earl_n of_o that_o country_n and_o he_o upon_o they_o who_o overcome_v they_o all_o and_o among_o other_o prisoner_n he_o take_v one_o peter_n seillun_n that_o have_v advise_v the_o earl_n of_o st._n giles_n to_o take_v some_o merchant_n or_o tâ—adesmen_n that_o be_v under_o earl_n richard_n protection_n and_o inhabitant_n of_o his_o country_n and_o use_v they_o ill_o the_o earl_n keep_v he_o close_a prisoner_n and_o when_o the_o earl_n of_o st._n giles_n 1._o giles_n ibidem_fw-la b._n lin_v 1._o find_v he_o can_v not_o redeem_v he_o waylaid_a and_o give_v order_n to_o his_o castellan_n and_o soldier_n to_o apprehend_v any_o of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n son_n earl_n richard_n subject_n within_o a_o little_a while_o they_o seize_v upon_o robert_n poer_n and_o ralph_n his_o brother_n two_o knight_n of_o the_o king_n family_n that_o have_v be_v in_o pilgrimage_n at_o st._n james_n in_o spain_n and_o be_v return_v home_o and_o deliver_v they_o to_o earl_n raymund_n who_o keep_v they_o in_o prison_n until_o his_o servant_n peter_n be_v ser_fw-mi free_a richard_n will_v make_v no_o exchange_n but_o say_v the_o reverence_n of_o their_o pilgrimage_n be_v sufficient_a to_o discharge_v they_o and_o therefore_o the_o king_n of_o france_n command_v they_o shall_v be_v set_v free_a neither_o for_o respect_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n or_o his_o son_n richard_n but_o for_o the_o reverence_n he_o bear_v to_o st._n james_n the_o apostle_n 10._o apostle_n ibidem_fw-la n._n 10._o the_o earl_n of_o st._n giles_n release_v they_o not_o by_o the_o king_n of_o france_n his_o command_n but_o for_o the_o great_a ransom_n he_o have_v of_o they_o earl_n richard_z it_o richard_z ibidem_fw-la &_o n._n 20._o an._n do._n 1188._o richard_n enter_v his_o country_n and_o waste_v it_o move_v with_o this_o enter_v his_o country_n with_o a_o army_n and_o waste_v it_o with_o fire_n and_o sword_n and_o besiege_v and_o take_v his_o castle_n near_o tholose_a the_o king_n of_o 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1187._o saladin_n emperor_n of_o the_o saracen_n or_o turk_n in_o a_o pitch_a battle_n have_v kill_v their_o prince_n raimund_n with_o his_o own_o hand_n that_o there_o be_v of_o bishop_n templar_n hospitaller_n and_o other_o that_o accompany_v they_o 1200_o slay_v and_o 30000_o foot_n beside_o those_o that_o be_v destroy_v in_o the_o town_n and_o city_n which_o be_v take_v there_o reckon_v up_o to_o the_o number_n of_o thirteen_o that_o he_o then_o besiege_a jerusalem_n and_o swear_v to_o take_v the_o sepulchre_n and_o divide_v it_o into_o small_a piece_n and_o throw_v it_o into_o the_o sea_n etc._n etc._n to_o this_o the_o king_n send_v king_n ibidem_fw-la f._n 367._o a._n n._n 20_o 30_o etc._n etc._n he_o answer_v it_o and_o give_v great_a hope_n that_o relief_n will_v speedy_o be_v send_v send_v a_o answer_n to_o the_o patriarch_n of_o jerusalem_n and_o antioch_n in_o which_o he_o give_v they_o great_a encouragement_n and_o tell_v they_o there_o be_v come_v to_o their_o assistance_n such_o a_o army_n of_o christian_n as_o be_v never_o hear_v of_o nor_o see_v before_o and_o that_o among_o the_o other_o prince_n he_o and_o his_o son_n reject_v and_o despise_v all_o the_o glory_n and_o pleasure_n of_o the_o world_n be_v come_v towards_o they_o with_o all_o the_o speed_n imaginable_a but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n army_n time_n ibidem_fw-la n._n 50._o the_o king_n of_o france_n enter_v berry_n wiâ—h_v a_o great_a army_n philip_n king_n of_o france_n have_v raise_v a_o great_a army_n and_o enter_v berry_n and_o take_v castle-radulf_a quod_fw-la burgenses_n reddiderunt_fw-la ei_fw-la which_o the_o burgess_n deliver_v to_o he_o and_o proceed_v almost_o all_o berry_n except_o luch_v be_v deliver_v to_o he_o the_o king_n of_o england_n demand_v a_o reason_n of_o these_o thing_n it_o be_v tell_v he_o they_o be_v do_v in_o revenge_n for_o the_o injury_n richard_n earl_n '_o of_o poictou_n have_v do_v to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o earl_n of_o st._n giles_n the_o king_n of_o peace_n of_o ibidem_fw-la &_o b._n liv_o â—_o etc._n etc._n the_o king_n of_o france_n refuse_v to_o make_v peace_n england_n advise_v with_o his_o friend_n send_v baldwin_n arch_a bishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_z hugh_z bishop_n of_o lincoln_n to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n that_o they_o may_v persuade_v he_o to_o peace_n and_o when_o they_o can_v not_o he_o pass_v into_o normandy_n and_o land_v at_o barfleu_n on_o the_o eleven_o of_o july_n and_o gather_v together_o in_o normandy_n and_o his_o other_o country_n a_o great_a army_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n richard_n earl_n of_o poictou_n enter_v berry_n destroy_v the_o land_n of_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n that_o adhere_v to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o take_v some_o of_o they_o the_o king_n of_o france_n 10._o france_n ibidem_fw-la n._n 10._o leave_v berry_n to_o william_n de_fw-fr bar_n to_o defend_v it_o and_o go_v towards_o the_o king_n of_o england_n permit_v his_o soldier_n to_o waste_v his_o dominion_n he_o send_v walter_n archbishop_n of_o roven_n john_n bishop_n of_o eureux_fw-fr and_o william_n marshal_n to_o demand_v restitution_n and_o unless_o he_o make_v it_o to_o defy_v he_o the_o king_n of_o france_n answer_n he_o will_v not_o desist_v until_o all_o berry_n and_o veuxin-norman_a be_v subject_v to_o he_o towards_o the_o peace_n the_o ibidem_fw-la n._n 20_o 30._o richard_z earl_n of_o anjou_n destroy_v the_o king_n of_o france_n his_o country_n the_o king_n of_o france_n desire_v peace_n late_a end_n of_o august_n the_o king_n of_o england_n enter_v the_o king_n of_o france_n his_o dominion_n his_o son_n richard_n take_v william_n de_fw-fr bar_n prisoner_n and_o his_o father_n and_o he_o and_o william_n de_fw-fr mandevill_n burn_v and_o destroy_v the_o king_n of_o france_n his_o country_n and_o take_v his_o town_n and_o castle_n more_o and_o fast_o than_o he_o burn_v and_o take_v they_o so_o as_o he_o send_v to_o they_o and_o desire_a peace_n and_o offer_v to_o part_v with_o what_o he_o have_v get_v in_o berry_n they_o come_v to_o a_o conference_n at_o agree_v at_o ibidem_fw-la n._n 40._o they_o meet_v to_o treat_v of_o peace_n but_o can_v agree_v guysor_n to_o treat_v of_o peace_n and_o when_o they_o can_v not_o agree_v the_o king_n of_o france_n in_o a_o mighty_a rage_n and_o anger_n cut_v down_o a_o brave_a spread_v flourish_a elm_n between_o guysor_n and_o try_v where_o the_o conference_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v between_o the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o duke_n of_o normandy_n and_o swear_v there_o never_o shall_v be_v more_o conference_n in_o that_o place_n the_o arms._n the_o ibidem_fw-la n._n 50._o several_a french_a lord_n lay_v down_o arms._n earl_n of_o flanders_n earl_n theobald_n and_o the_o other_o earl_n and_o baron_n of_o france_n lay_v down_o their_o arm_n and_o say_v they_o will_v fight_v no_o more_o against_o
christian_n until_o they_o return_v from_o their_o pilgrimage_n to_o the_o holy_a land_n the_o king_n of_o france_n destitute_a of_o his_o friend_n desire_v a_o conference_n with_o the_o king_n of_o england_n he_o consent_v and_o on_o the_o morrow_n be_v the_o six_o of_o october_n st._n faith's-day_n they_o meet_v at_o chasteaux_n the_o term_n propound_v be_v ibidem_fw-la be_v ibidem_fw-la that_o the_o king_n of_o france_n shall_v resign_v what_o he_o have_v take_v since_o the_o truce_n effect_n the_o treaty_n for_o peace_n renew_v but_o without_o effect_n and_o that_o earl_n richard_n shall_v resign_v what_o he_o have_v take_v by_o war_n from_o the_o earl_n of_o st._n giles_n and_o for_o security_n the_o king_n of_o france_n demand_v of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n the_o castle_n of_o passy_n which_o he_o will_v not_o grant_v and_o so_o they_o part_v enemy_n the_o king_n of_o france_n take_v the_o castle_n of_o palud_v as_o he_o go_v from_o thence_o and_o pass_v on_o to_o castle-radulf_a and_o bring_v the_o plunder_v brabanter_n from_o thence_o to_o bourge_n promise_v they_o their_o pay_n where_o he_o take_v away_o their_o horse_n arm_n and_o all_o their_o good_n and_o turn_v they_o off_o naked_a and_o without_o arms._n earl_n court._n earl_n ibidem_fw-la f._n 368._o a._n lin_v 6._o richard_n offer_v to_o stand_v to_o a_o trial_n in_o the_o french_a court._n richard_z offer_v to_o come_v into_o the_o court_n of_o france_n and_o stand_v to_o the_o law_n there_o for_o what_o have_v be_v do_v between_o he_o and_o the_o earl_n of_o st._n giles_n that_o so_o he_o may_v make_v peace_n between_o the_o two_o king_n which_o much_o displease_v the_o king_n of_o england_n on_o the_o nineteenth_o of_o october_n 30._o october_n ib._n f._n 370._o a._n n._n 30._o they_o have_v another_o conference_n between_o bon-molins_a and_o suleini_n where_o the_o king_n of_o france_n offer_v to_o render_v whatsoever_o he_o have_v take_v by_o war_n upon_o condition_n he_o will_v deliver_v his_o sister_n alice_n to_o earl_n richard_n his_o son_n that_o he_o may_v make_v she_o his_o wife_n and_o that_o he_o will_v permit_v he_o as_o his_o heir_n to_o receive_v the_o homage_n and_o fealty_n of_o the_o man_n of_o all_o his_o dominion_n but_o king_n henry_n be_v sensible_a of_o the_o ill_a consequence_n of_o that_o and_o the_o injury_n and_o mischief_n he_o have_v receive_v for_o permit_v it_o to_o his_o son_n henry_n and_o by_o exalt_v he_o he_o utter_o refuse_v to_o do_v it_o whereupon_o richard_n be_v exceed_o displease_v france_n richard_n swear_v fealty_n to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o without_o the_o knowledge_n or_o consent_n of_o his_o father_n do_v homage_n to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n for_o all_o the_o tenement_n or_o land_n of_o his_o father_n in_o that_o kingdom_n and_o swear_v fealty_n to_o he_o against_o all_o man_n and_o adhere_v to_o he_o and_o for_o his_o homage_n and_o fealty_n give_v he_o castle-radulph_a and_o issoudun_n with_o the_o whole_a honour_n yet_o the_o two_o king_n make_v a_o truce_n anathematise_v truce_n ibidem_fw-la n._n 30_o 40._o a_o truce_n agree_v upon_o and_z earl_n richard_z anathematise_v until_o the_o feast_n of_o st._n hilary_n and_o henry_n bishop_n of_o alba_n and_o a_o cardinal_n who_o the_o pope_n have_v send_v to_o reconcile_v the_o two_o king_n anathematise_v earl_n richard_n as_o a_o disturber_n of_o the_o peace_n after_o the_o feast_n of_o st._n hilary_n dominion_n hilary_n ib._n f._n 37._o b._n n._n 30._o the_o king_n of_o france_n and_z earl_n richard_z waste_v the_o king_n of_o england_n dominion_n when_o the_o time_n of_o truce_n be_v expire_v the_o king_n of_o france_n earl_n richard_z and_o many_o other_o earl_n and_o baron_n that_o have_v leave_v the_o king_n his_o father_n and_o the_o britan_n to_o who_o the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o earl_n richard_n have_v give_v their_o chart_n that_o they_o will_v not_o make_v a_o separate_a peace_n with_o the_o king_n of_o england_n exclude_v they_o in_o a_o hostile_a manner_n enter_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o waste_v they_o every_o way_n john_n ______o cardinal_n come_v from_o the_o 1189._o the_o ibidem_fw-la n._n 40_o 50._o an._n do._n 1189._o pope_n to_o the_o two_o king_n to_o exhort_v they_o to_o peace_n and_o he_o obtain_v of_o they_o to_o stand_v to_o the_o judgement_n or_o determination_n of_o himself_o the_o arch-bishop_n of_o canterbury_n rheims_n roven_n and_o bourge_n and_o appoint_v they_o a_o day_n of_o meeting_n near_o ferte-bernard_n eight_o day_n after_o whitsunday_n king_n all_o to_o be_v excommunicate_v that_o be_v hinderer_n of_o the_o peace_n except_o the_o two_o king_n and_o the_o cardinal_n and_o four_o arch-bishop_n pronounce_v sentence_n of_o excommunication_n against_o all_o man_n clerk_n as_o well_o as_o other_o that_o shall_v hinder_v the_o make_n of_o peace_n except_v the_o person_n of_o the_o king_n themselves_o they_o all_o meet_v at_o the_o time_n and_o place_n appoint_v and_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n of_o both_o kingdom_n in_o this_o conference_n the_o king_n of_o france_n demand_v of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n that_o his_o sister_n alice_n may_v be_v give_v in_o marriage_n to_o richard_n earl_n of_o poictou_n and_o that_o the_o homage_n and_o fealty_n etc._n etc._n as_o in_o the_o last_o treaty_n and_o further_o that_o john_n his_o brother_n may_v receive_v the_o cross_n and_o go_v to_o jerusalem_n the_o king_n of_o england_n success_n england_n ibidem_fw-la f._n 372._o a._n l._n n._n 2._o the_o treaty_n end_v without_o success_n answer_v that_o he_o will_v never_o consent_v to_o it_o and_o offer_v the_o king_n of_o france_n that_o if_o he_o will_v agree_v to_o it_o his_o sister_n alice_n shall_v be_v give_v in_o marriage_n to_o his_o son_n john_n and_o that_o all_o thing_n shall_v be_v perform_v more_o full_o than_o he_o desire_v but_o the_o king_n of_o france_n will_v not_o yield_v to_o this_o and_o so_o the_o treaty_n end_v without_o success_n the_o cardinal_n interdict_v cardinal_n ibidem_fw-la n._n 10._o the_o king_n of_o france_n value_v not_o the_o threat_n of_o a_o interdict_v threaten_v the_o king_n of_o france_n that_o if_o he_o make_v not_o peace_n with_o the_o king_n of_o england_n he_o will_v interdict_v his_o dominion_n the_o king_n tell_v he_o he_o value_v iâ—_n not_o and_o say_v it_o belong_v not_o to_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n to_o pronounce_v sentence_n against_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n when_o the_o king_n chastise_v his_o man_n homines_fw-la suos_fw-la or_o subject_n for_o their_o contumacy_n and_o rebellion_n and_o the_o injury_n do_v to_o the_o crown_n and_o add_v that_o the_o cardinal_n have_v smell_v or_o receive_v some_o of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n starling_n the_o king_n ibidem_fw-la king_n ibidem_fw-la of_o france_n present_o attempt_v army_n attempt_v i_o e._n firmitas_fw-la bernardi_n the_o fortress_n of_o bernard_n the_o king_n of_o france_n defeat_v the_o king_n of_o england_n army_n ferte-bernard_n and_o take_v it_o and_o montfort_n and_o beaumond_n and_o mayen_n and_o tours_n ambais_n and_o chaumont_n and_o all_o the_o castle_n and_o town_n round_o the_o country_n nothing_o stand_v before_o he_o come_v to_o the_o relief_n of_o mayen_n the_o king_n of_o england_n army_n be_v rout_v and_o he_o flee_v with_o 700_o horse_n many_o be_v slay_v in_o the_o pursuit_n the_o king_n with_o a_o few_o get_v into_o the_o castle_n of_o chinon_n 40._o chinon_n ibidem_fw-la n._n 20_o 30_o 40._o and_o the_o king_n of_o france_n have_v now_o conquer_a all_o tourain_n and_o main_a in_o the_o 50._o the_o ibidem_fw-la n._n 50._o late_a end_n of_o june_n or_o beginning_n of_o july_n philip_n earl_n of_o flanders_n william_n archbishop_n of_o rheims_n and_o hugh_n duke_n of_o burgundy_n come_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n who_o be_v then_o at_o saumur_n to_o make_v a_o peace_n between_o he_o and_o the_o king_n of_o france_n 10._o france_n ibidem_fw-la b._n n._n 10._o the_o two_o king_n and_z earl_n richard_z with_o their_o arch-bishop_n bishop_n earls_z and_o baron_n meet_v at_o that_o time_n between_o tours_n and_o arasic_a where_o the_o king_n of_o england_n submit_v himself_o whole_o to_o the_o will_n and_o pleasure_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n france_n king_n henry_n do_v homage_n to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o then_o do_v homage_n to_o he_o because_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o war_n he_o have_v defy_v he_o and_o deny_v his_o dominion_n and_o the_o king_n of_o france_n have_v disow_v and_o disclaim_v his_o homage_n these_o be_v the_o term_n of_o peace_n france_n peace_n ibidem_fw-la n._n 20._o the_o article_n of_o peace_n between_o king_n henry_n and_o the_o king_n of_o france_n dictate_v by_o the_o king_n of_o france_n first_o â—that_n his_o sister_n alice_n which_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v in_o custody_n