complain_v volenti_fw-la non_fw-la sit_fw-la injuria_fw-la he_o may_v have_v refuse_v the_o thing_n his_o acceptance_n bind_v he_o to_o the_o charge_n coincident_a hotoman_n describe_v a_o fief_n to_o be_v a_o benefice_n for_o which_o some_o duty_n be_v do_v to_o testify_v the_o gratefulness_n of_o the_o taker_n 1._o taker_n disp_n c._n 1._o i_o shall_v think_v here_o will_v be_v the_o injustice_n that_o the_o whole_a benefice_n shall_v be_v enjoy_v by_o the_o tenant_n and_o the_o grant_a from_o who_o it_o move_v be_v allow_v none_o of_o his_o own_o reservation_n to_o himself_o i_o believe_v there_o be_v few_o man_n now_o without_o harth_n or_o household_n god_n who_o will_v resufe_v a_o good_a manner_n because_o these_o tie_n hang_v upon_o the_o label_n sir_n themas_n ridleyn_n a_o civilian_n fetch_v the_o feude_n chief_o from_o the_o lombard_n 71._o lombard_n view_n etc._n etc._n 71._o much_o augment_v and_o adorn_v by_o they_o they_o may_v be_v 256._o be_v gloss_n d._n sp_z 256._o which_o lombard_n be_v cousin-germanes_a of_o the_o english_a saxon_n who_o companion_n in_o the_o conquest_n of_o italy_n part_n of_o the_o saxon_n be_v and_o their_o charge_n be_v almost_o the_o same_o with_o we_o yet_o in_o the_o volume_n of_o the_o ancient_a lombard_n law_n the_o word_n feud_n be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v seldom_o the_o word_n benefice_n but_o their_o be_v many_o thing_n direct_o tend_v to_o this_o purpose_n as_o also_o in_o the_o law_n of_o the_o frank_n call_v the_o capitular_o our_o english_a saxon_n &_o those_o of_o other_o the_o word_n feud_n be_v of_o saxon_a original_a feb_n fech_n from_o whence_o it_o come_v be_v the_o same_o with_o fee_n in_o use_n now_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o word_n taste_v not_o only_o of_o the_o german_n but_o of_o it_o be_v more_o ancient_a dialect_n the_o old_a saxon._n ibid._n saxon._n d._n spelm_n ibid._n the_o feud_n come_v but_o of_o late_a to_o be_v a_o volume_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n compose_v by_o obert_n de_fw-fr horto_fw-la and_o gerard_n niger_n under_o the_o emperor_n frederick_n the_o first_o surname_v barbarossa_n ancient_o the_o fee_n be_v hold_v mere_o at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n 1._o lord_n ger._n nig_a l._n 1._o t._n c._n 1._o after_o for_o a_o year_n for_o life_n make_v perpetual_a and_o hereditary_a by_o conrade_n the_o shall_fw-mi the_o year_n 1025._o among_o the_o german_n where_o the_o descent_n be_v as_o we_o call_v it_o by_o gavelkinde_n among_o the_o french_a in_o the_o reign_n of_o hugh_n capet_n which_o he_o begin_v in_o the_o year_n 988._o in_o the_o year_n 913._o as_o munster_n will_v have_v it_o conrade_n the_o first_o change_v this_o custom_n he_o give_v the_o dukedom_n of_o saxony_n to_o henry_n the_o falconer_n as_o a_o fief_n hereditary_a to_o the_o end_n these_o be_v his_o word_n that_o he_o may_v be_v the_o more_o vigilant_a to_o combat_v the_o obotrite_n now_o those_o of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o mecklenburge_n and_o the_o enemy_n of_o the_o faith_n after_o as_o he_o otho_n the_o first_o who_o begin_v his_o reign_n 938._o and_o his_o successor_n do_v the_o like_a 346._o like_a cosmegr_n 346._o after_o his_o defeat_n of_o the_o hongre_n 359._o hongre_n ibid._n 359._o lothaire_n the_o emperor_n forbid_v lord_n to_o take_v away_o the_o vassal_n fee_v without_o his_o crime_n which_o some_o interpret_v signal_n ingratitude_n 20.23_o ingratitude_n feud_n l._n c._n tit_n 20.23_o to_o which_o conrade_n add_v unless_o he_o be_v convince_v of_o the_o crime_n by_o the_o judgement_n of_o his_o peer_n or_o equal_n of_o the_o court_n ibid._n court_n ibid._n which_o be_v call_v landamentum_fw-la it_o be_v say_v of_o the_o german_n the_o emperor_n because_o he_o can_v judge_v cause_n in_o all_o place_n confer_v upon_o illustrious_a man_n viz._n prince_n earldom_n and_o feudal_a banner_n 52._o banner_n specul_fw-la sax._n artic._n 52._o as_o another_o they_o have_v their_o fanleben_fw-mi or_o principal_a fee_n the_o collation_n and_o investiture_n of_o which_o belong_v only_o to_o the_o emperor_n 2.52_o emperor_n stat._n german_a p._n 2.52_o these_o be_v the_o fee_n of_o the_o great_a captain_n or_o baron_n call_v by_o they_o freyberen_n under_o which_o be_v the_o medii_fw-la liberi_fw-la who_o follow_v the_o war_n and_o aught_o homage_n to_o another_o as_o servitor_n noble_a 145._o noble_a munst_n 145._o the_o land_n they_o call_v terra_fw-la salica_fw-la be_v the_o same_o with_o our_o knight_n service_n 5._o service_n bodin_n l._n sixieme_a c._n 5._o this_o be_v simple_o call_v a_o fee_n military_a hold_v of_o the_o baron_n and_o vavasour_n of_o all_o which_o the_o jaw_n speak_v where_o be_v mention_v the_o great_a captain_n who_o receive_v the_o regal_a fief_n call_v vassi_fw-la dominici_fw-la who_o hold_v in_o chief_a the_o middle_a of_o a_o low_a sort_n who_o receive_v sief_n from_o they_o and_o the_o low_a to_o who_o those_o give_v 15._o give_v feud_n l._n 1._o tit_n 1._o sec_fw-la 4._o et_fw-fr tit_n 15._o frederick_n the_o first_o be_v make_v to_o speak_v thus_o we_o in_o the_o presence_n &_o witness_v of_o all_o the_o teutonic's_n &_o lombard_n and_o of_o the_o bishop_n and_o lay_v prince_n and_o baron_n and_o vanasour_n etc._n etc._n 31._o etc._n raedenic_n l._n 2._o c._n 31._o there_o be_v a_o gavelkind_a as_o well_o in_o their_o honour_n of_o the_o great_a house_n as_o of_o the_o land_n which_o hold_v in_o the_o crown_n itself_o till_o charlemaigne_n and_o be_v abolish_v in_o the_o house_n of_o hessen_n but_o fince_n the_o last_o peace_n the_o word_n of_o the_o lord_n arundel_n of_o wardour_n creation_n make_v earl_n by_o rodolph_n the_o 11._o for_o his_o good_a service_n and_o valour_n against_o the_o turk_n at_o strigoniun_n and_o the_o part_n about_o be_v we_o have_v create_v he_o and_o all_o and_o every_o of_o his_o child_n heir_n and_o posterity_n and_o descendants_n lawful_o of_o both_o sex_n for_o ever_o to_o be_v bear_v count_n and_o countess_n etc._n etc._n the_o ancient_a saxon_n be_v divide_v into_o three_o sort_n the_o edhilinge_n or_o noble_n the_o frilinge_n or_o freeman_n the_o lazzi_n or_o villein_n which_o agree_v exact_o with_o our_o distinction_n though_o now_o their_o remain_v nothing_o of_o the_o latter_a but_o the_o memory_n of_o it_o with_o we_o not_o yet_o wear_v out_o a_o among_o the_o german_n and_o as_o to_o some_o duty_n as_o till_v the_o lord_n ground_n carrying_z in_o his_o corn_n etc._n etc._n the_o complaint_n of_o the_o mutinous_a clown_n of_o the_o schwabische_n kraisse_fw-fr or_o circle_n of_o suevia_n be_v true_a that_o their_o condition_n be_v little_o better_a than_o servile_a 5._o servile_a sleid._n come_v l._n 5._o fief_n be_v every_o where_n in_o france_n upon_o the_o reason_n before_o bring_v in_o as_o all_o their_o old_a law_n &_o institution_n by_o pharamont_n and_o his_o german_a frankes_n the_o conqueror_n of_o the_o gaul_n the_o noble_n from_o the_o time_n of_o hugh_n capet_n take_v their_o surname_n from_o their_o fief_n the_o french_a have_v their_o fief_n dominant_a en_fw-fr royal_a or_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la hold_v immediate_o in_o chief_a of_o the_o king_n and_o whereof_o many_o other_o hold_v their_o fief_n of_o dignity_n either_o hold_v immediate_o or_o of_o some_o fief_n so_o hold_v then_o call_v fief_n mesne_fw-la a_o barony_n or_o chastelleny_n the_o feudum_fw-la vexillare_fw-la or_o fief_a rdnneret_n the_o fief_n ample_a or_o knight_n fee_v hold_v of_o the_o lord_n mesne_n baron_n or_o chastellaine_n and_o their_o fief_n roturior_a ignoble_a as_o our_o socage_n wardship_n fealty_n homage_n court_n custom_n jurisdiction_n over_o vassal_n be_v incident_n of_o the_o noble_a fiess_n a_o name_n as_o berault_n which_o comprehend_v all_o the_o species_n but_o the_o last_o they_o have_v their_o cotier_n pay_v the_o cen_n a_o quit_v rend_v or_o till_v the_o lord_n ground_n etc._n etc._n the_o cen_n be_v a_o custom_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o impose_v in_o imitation_n of_o they_o their_o villain_n or_o base_a servile_a tenant_n be_v yet_o in_o be_v they_o have_v their_o court_n feudale_n or_o fonciere_n which_o be_v as_o our_o court_n leet_n or_o baron_n a_o court_n of_o base_a jurisdiction_n to_o which_o the_o lord_n vassal_n owe_v their_o suit_n and_o service_n so_o of_o escheates_n there_o be_v little_a difference_n betwixt_o they_o &_o we_o in_o they_o and_o in_o the_o right_a d'aubaine_n where_o a_o stranger_n possess_v of_o land_n or_o good_n die_v not_o naturalize_v the_o right_a of_o bannery_n be_v the_o same_o with_o we_o which_o be_v the_o privilege_n of_o have_v a_o common_a mill_n oven_n etc._n etc._n whereto_o the_o tenant_n of_o the_o manner_n must_v resort_v so_o of_o the_o dehris_n for_o wrec_n or_o shipwrack_n of_o right_a of_o warren_n fish_v and_o fowl_v of_o hereot_fw-la a_o custom_n of_o of_o the_o german_n yet_o of_o relief_n of_o escuage_n
before_o william_n the_o first_o that_o he_o side_v not_o against_o he_o and_o that_o be_v find_v true_a he_o and_o all_o those_o in_o his_o condition_n cotten_n condition_n weentun_n monum_fw-la hiâ—_n example_n â—n_n câ—â—ington_n of_o sir_n rob._n cotten_n like_a to_o lose_v all_o be_v confirm_v in_o their_o land_n and_o lordship_n to_o have_v and_o hold_v those_o be_v the_o word_n of_o the_o confirmation_n as_o whole_o and_o peaceable_o as_o ever_o they_o do_v before_o the_o conquest_n by_o the_o record_n of_o term._n trin._n 21_o e._n 3._o comit._n ebor_n &_o com._n northumb_n rot._n 191._o this_o drench_n be_v describe_v thus_o that_o the_o foresay_a vghtred_a hold_v the_o say_v land_n viz._n in_o northumberland_n of_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n and_o of_o his_o progenitor_n king_n of_o england_n by_o the_o service_n of_o a_o drench_n which_o service_n in_o the_o part_n aforesaid_a be_v such_o that_o of_o whosoever_o he_o hold_v any_o thing_n there_o by_o such_o service_n it_o be_v hold_v and_o if_o the_o tenant_n die_v his_o heir_n be_v within_o age_n the_o wardship_n of_o the_o heir_n and_o land_n belong_v to_o the_o lord_n of_o which_o &c_n &c_n dronche_n &c_n d._n spelm._n gloss_n verbâ—_n dronche_n with_o the_o marriage_n whether_o wardship_n and_o marriage_n as_o the_o lord_n cook_n 193._o cook_n 4._o inst_z 193._o no_o badge_n of_o servitude_n be_v of_o the_o same_o antiquity_n with_o king_n aelfred_n i_o will_v not_o take_v upon_o i_o to_o determine_v the_o lord_n cook_n as_o also_o the_o mirror_n in_o the_o place_n cite_v by_o he_o be_v for_o the_o affirmative_a etc._n affirmative_a inst_z 1._o p._n 76.4_o inst_z 292._o mire_n sect_n 3._o graft_n 911._o etc._n etc._n by_o a_o law_n if_o any_o man_n die_v intestate_a the_o lord_n be_v to_o have_v nothing_o but_o what_o be_v due_a by_o the_o name_n of_o hereoâ—_n 68_o hereoâ—_n ll._n cnuâ—â—_n c._n 68_o by_o mr._n lambard_n this_o be_v acknowledge_v engish-saxon_a and_o think_v to_o be_v the_o same_o with_o relief_n one_o place_n say_v relief_n or_o rather_o herent_fw-la 152_o herent_fw-la not._n in_o radwes_n 152_o and_o hereot_fw-la or_o relief_n id_fw-la relief_n 154._o 161_o id_fw-la &_o compare_v the_o hereota_n to_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d hereor_fw-la be_v a_o service_n and_o acknowledgement_n of_o the_o seignory_n of_o another_o a_o tribute_n so_o dr._n cowel_n give_v to_o the_o lord_n among_o the_o saxon_n for_o his_o better_a preparation_n towards_o the_o war_n in_o the_o monastical_a institution_n of_o king_n edgar_n hereot_fw-la be_v call_v geÆ¿unlic_a gae&ul_a gae&ul_a gae&ul_a a_o customary_a cens_fw-la or_o duty_n say_v to_o be_v give_v to_o the_o king_n by_o the_o great_a man_n of_o this_o country_n after_o geþtenege_v their_o death_n it_o be_v forbid_v by_o this_o king_n to_o be_v give_v for_o all_o abbot_n and_o abbess_n eadm_n abbess_n in_o not_z ad_fw-la eadm_n before_o as_o it_o seem_v not_o so_o free_a as_o here_o the_o word_n by_o the_o great_a man_n after_o their_o death_n make_v it_o quite_o another_o thing_n though_o it_o be_v call_v so_o from_o relief_n which_o be_v for_o the_o heir_n and_o never_o pay_v but_o where_o there_o be_v one_o hereot_fw-la one_o gloss_n verbo_fw-la hereot_fw-la the_o hereot_fw-la be_v to_o be_v reasonable_a and_o here_o again_o we_o shall_v see_v the_o rank_n of_o the_o saxon_a noblesse_n the_o earl_n eight_o horse_n four_o saddle_v four_z not_o four_o helmet_n four_o coat_n of_o mail_n and_o eight_o spear_n as_o many_o shield_n four_o sword_n and_o two_o hundred_o â—_o hundred_o saxon_a â—_o mark_n of_o gold_n the_o great_a thanes_z the_o kings_z thanes_z four_o horse_n two_o saddle_v then_o not_o two_o swords_z four_o spear_n as_o many_o shield_n a_o helmet_n a_o coat_n of_o mail_n and_o fifty_o mark_n of_o gold_n the_o medmere_n or_o under_o thane_n one_o horse_n ready_a his_o weapon_n or_o as_o among_o the_o west_n saxon_n his_o neck_n ransom_n among_o the_o mercian_n two_o pound_n among_o the_o easâ—-angels_n two_o pound_n the_o king_n thanes_z hereot_fw-la among_o the_o dane_n who_o have_v free_a jurisdiction_n ðe_v his_o socne_a haebâ—e_n four_o pound_n and_o if_o he_o be_v further_o know_v to_o the_o king_n two_o horse_n one_o saddle_v the_o other_o not_o one_o sword_n two_o spear_n two_o shield_n and_o fifty_o mark_n of_o gold_n the_o conclusion_n have_v not_o infimae_fw-la conditionis_fw-la thani_fw-la as_o the_o latin_a be_v but_o he_o that_o have_v less_o and_o less_o may_v be_v he_o two_o pound_n 69._o pound_n will_v conti._n c_o 69._o other_o lord_n have_v their_o hereot_fw-la too_o the_o law_n of_o king_n william_n which_o as_o the_o title_n be_v the_o same_o which_o king_n edward_n observe_v call_v this_o which_o in_o these_o law_n be_v hereot_fw-la relief_n and_o the_o earl_n king_n thegne_n and_o underthane_v who_o be_v here_o charge_v as_o be_v say_v there_o be_v call_v and_o name_v cnute_n barun_n and_o vavasour_n and_o charge_v much_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n 20._o manner_n â—_o 22_o 23_o 24_o v._n c._n 20._o with_o little_a difference_n king_n edward_n latin_a law_n where_o any_o man_n fall_v in_o war_n before_o his_o lord_n by_o land_n or_o else_o where_o forgive_v his_o relief_n 3â—_n relief_n c._n 3â—_n and_o give_v his_o heir_n his_o land_n and_o money_n without_o diminution_n ibid._n diminution_n ibid._n i_o will_v observe_v a_o little_a out_o of_o those_o old_a grant_n and_o charter_n which_o precede_v the_o norman_n by_o which_o the_o religious_a heretofore_o make_v their_o title_n only_o careful_a to_o get_v and_o to_o be_v free_a where_o we_o shall_v find_v other_o man_n be_v not_o so_o the_o confirmation_n of_o pope_n agatho_n of_o the_o new_a raise_v monastery_n of_o medeshamstede_n after_o peterborough_n before_o the_o age_n of_o charter_n 164._o charter_n an._n 680._o council_n sax._n 164._o recite_v the_o immunity_n it_o be_v to_o be_v in_o no_o ðeudom_n in_o no_o kind_n of_o servitude_n neither_o to_o king_n bishop_n nor_o earl_n no_o man_n be_v to_o have_v any_o rent_n or_o tribute_n there_o in_o the_o council_n of_o becanceld_a king_n wither_a free_v the_o church_n from_o all_o difficulty_n of_o saecular_a servitude_n from_o feed_v the_o king_n prince_n aldermen_z earl_n from_o all_o work_n the_o great_a and_o lesser_a grievance_n etc._n etc._n 190._o etc._n council_n becanceld_a au._n 694._o council_n sax._n 190._o witlafe_a king_n of_o the_o mercian_n in_o the_o year_n 833._o confirm_v to_o the_o monastery_n of_o crowland_n their_o land_n and_o tenement_n thus_o i_o grant_v deliver_v and_o confirm_v those_o land_n and_o tenement_n etc._n etc._n for_o a_o peaceable_a and_o perpetual_a possession_n to_o have_v from_o i_o and_o my_o heir_n whosoever_o king_n of_o the_o mercian_n after_o i_o to_o succeed_v in_o puram_fw-la eleemosynam_fw-la in_o perpetual_a and_o pure_a frankalmoigne_n libere_fw-la quiet_a et_fw-fr solute_a or_o as_o we_o now_o use_v it_o quit_v and_o discharge_v from_o all_o saecular_a charge_n exaction_n and_o tribute_n whatsoever_o by_o what_o name_n soever_o 328._o soever_o ingulp_n hist_o council_n sax._n 328._o as_o another_o place_n among_o many_o thing_n do_v &_o say_v ceolnoth_n the_o archbishop_n before_o the_o whole_a council_n of_o kingston_n show_v that_o the_o aforesaid_a king_n egbert_n and_o aethelwulfe_n his_o son_n give_v to_o christ-church_n at_o canterbury_n the_o manor_n call_v malling_n in_o south-saxon_a free_a from_o all_o secular_a service_n and_o tribute_n royal_a except_o these_o three_o expedition_n military_a fird_n or_o firdfare_n upon_o the_o herebanne_n the_o proclamation_n or_o edict_n military_a and_o to_o repair_v bridge_n &_o castle_n brugbote_n and_o burgbote_n 340._o burgbote_n council_n 340._o by_o some_o not_o to_o be_v release_v 228._o release_v charta_fw-la eâ—dbaldi_n mâ—lmsb_n de_fw-fr gest_n reg_fw-la l._n 1._o iâ—ae_fw-la reg_fw-la glelienb_n conceit_fw-la 228._o which_o be_v not_o true_a the_o most_o learned_a mr._n selden_n say_v in_o england_n before_o the_o norman_n be_v military_a fiefe_n the_o earl_n and_o thanes_z be_v bind_v to_o a_o kind_n of_o knight_n service_n all_o the_o land_n of_o the_o kingdom_n except_o some_o privilege_a etc._n etc._n hold_v of_o the_o crown_n mediate_o or_o immediate_o but_o say_v he_o the_o expedition_n mulitary_a etc._n etc._n those_o three_o be_v not_o so_o much_o by_o reason_n of_o tenure_n as_o general_a subjection_n to_o occasion_n of_o the_o state_n 321._o state_n tit._n hon._n 1_o edit_n 321._o likely_a so_o yet_o to_o recite_v the_o opinion_n of_o other_o there_o be_v that_o think_v this_o firdfare_n to_o be_v the_o same_o with_o our_o escuage_n the_o charter_n of_o kenulph_n 821._o an._n 821._o the_o mercian_n king_n to_o abingdon_n discharge_v all_o service_n but_o the_o expedition_n of_o twelve_o man_n with_o their_o shield_n cum_fw-la scutis_fw-la burgbote_n etc._n etc._n as_o the_o most_o know_a knight_n in_o the_o ancient_a charter_n
the_o nature_n and_o disposition_n of_o the_o people_n or_o whether_o they_o will_v breed_v any_o inconvenience_n or_o no_o but_o a_o custom_n never_o bind_v till_o it_o have_v be_v try_v and_o approve_a time_n out_o of_o mind_n during_o which_o no_o inconvenience_n do_v arise_v for_o if_o it_o have_v be_v find_v inconvenient_a it_o have_v be_v use_v no_o long_o but_o have_v be_v interrupt_v and_o so_o have_v lose_v the_o virtue_n of_o a_o law_n this_o be_v declare_v to_o be_v so_o by_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o in_o parliament_n in_o the_o 25_o year_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o which_o i_o shall_v cite_v below_o and_o if_o the_o judgement_n and_o declaration_n of_o parliament_n be_v not_o regard_v i_o know_v not_o what_o can_v give_v satisfaction_n c._n satisfaction_n vid._n 3._o c._n ancient_a liberty_n and_o custom_n which_o have_v be_v usitatae_fw-la &_o approbatae_fw-la use_v and_o approve_v mert._n approve_v c._n 9_o stat._n mert._n make_v the_o common_a law_n the_o statute_n call_v dictum_fw-la de_fw-fr kenelworth_n speak_v thus_o the_o party_n convict_v shall_v have_v judgement_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o land_n 25._o land_n 57_o hen._n 3._o c._n 25._o the_o 27_o of_o king_n edw._n the_o first_o of_o fines_n contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o our_o realm_n of_o ancient_a time_n use_v the_o 34_o of_o the_o same_o king_n confirm_v to_o all_o clerk_n and_o layman_n their_o law_n liberty_n and_o free_a custom_n as_o large_o and_o whole_o as_o they_o have_v use_v to_o have_v the_o same_o at_o any_o time_n when_o they_o have_v they_o best_o 4._o best_o c._n 4._o law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v make_v the_o same_o 3._o same_o 1._o e._n 2.34_o e._n 3._o abjuration_n be_v call_v custom_n of_o the_o realm_n 10._o realm_n 9_o e._n 2._o c._n 10._o the_o 25_o of_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o say_v according_a to_o be_v law_n of_o the_o land_n of_o old_a time_n use_v 2._o use_v c._n 2._o the_o title_n of_o the_o 27_o of_o this_o king_n speak_v in_o maintenance_n of_o the_o law_n and_o usage_n the_o statute_n 36_o of_o the_o same_o king_n law_n custom_n and_o statute_n 15._o statute_n c._n 15._o statute_n 42._o according_a to_o the_o old_a law_n 3._o law_n c._n 3._o in_o the_o time_n of_o richard_n the_o second_o law_n and_o usage_n be_v the_o same_o 2._o same_o 1_o r._n 2._o c._n 2._o it_o will_v be_v tedious_a to_o heap_v up_o more_o of_o this_o kind_n i_o will_v only_o add_v the_o declaration_n of_o the_o house_n of_o parliament_n in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o eight_o which_o be_v thus_o their_o word_n be_v direct_v to_o that_o king_n this_o your_o grace_n realm_n etc._n etc._n have_v be_v and_o be_v free_a from_o subjection_n to_o any_o man_n law_n but_o only_o to_o such_o as_o have_v be_v devise_v make_v and_o ordain_v within_o this_o realm_n for_o the_o wealth_n of_o the_o same_o or_o to_o such_o other_o as_o by_o the_o sufferance_n of_o your_o grace_n and_o your_o progenitor_n the_o people_n of_o this_o your_o realm_n have_v take_v at_o their_o free_a liberty_n by_o their_o own_o consent_n to_o be_v use_v among_o they_o and_o have_v bind_v themselves_o by_o long_a use_n to_o the_o observance_n of_o the_o same_o etc._n etc._n as_o to_o the_o custom_a and_o ancient_a law_n of_o this_o realm_n original_o establish_v as_o law_n of_o the_o same_o by_o the_o say_a sufferance_n consent_n and_o custom_n and_o none_o otherwise_o 21._o otherwise_o 25._o hen._n 8._o c._n 21._o now_o if_o what_o the_o people_n of_o england_n have_v take_v up_o out_o of_o long_a use_n custom_n and_o consent_n be_v not_o good_a agreeable_a and_o convenient_a after_o so_o much_o and_o so_o long_a trial_n they_o will_v appear_v the_o most_o foolish_a of_o all_o people_n they_o will_v not_o deserve_v that_o free_a liberty_n which_o themselves_o by_o their_o repraesentor_n tell_v we_o at_o the_o submit_v to_o and_o take_v these_o law_n they_o have_v and_o if_o they_o be_v good_a agreeable_a and_o convenient_a they_o will_v appear_v the_o most_o foolish_a of_o all_o people_n by_o their_o change_n no_o law_n ever_o be_v or_o can_v be_v make_v with_o more_o equity_n than_o these_o to_o which_o beside_o use_n and_o custom_n and_o experience_n free_a liberty_n and_o consent_n of_o those_o who_o be_v to_o observe_v they_o give_v life_n there_o be_v custom_n of_o court_n which_o be_v law_n too_o part_n of_o the_o common_a law_n 320._o law_n plough_v com._n 320._o as_o the_o statute_n of_o kenelworth_n if_o any_o man_n shall_v take_v revenge_n because_o of_o the_o late_a stir_n be_v shall_v be_v punish_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o court_n etc._n etc._n 26._o etc._n c._n 26._o six_o time_n be_v the_o common_a law_n call_v by_o littleton_n common_a right_n it_o be_v sometime_o call_v right_a sometime_o justice_n 29._o justice_n mirc_n c._n 2_o sec._n 16._o fleta_n 6._o c._n 1._o mag._n ch._n c._n 29._o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la call_v it_o justiciam_fw-la vel_fw-la rectum_fw-la justice_n or_o right_n westm_n 1._o common_a right_n and_o the_o king_n will_v these_o be_v the_o word_n that_o the_o peace_n of_o holy_a church_n and_o of_o the_o land_n be_v well_o keep_v in_o all_o point_n and_o that_o common_a right_n be_v do_v to_o all_o as_o well_o to_o poor_a as_o rich_a etc._n etc._n late_a statute_n have_v justice_n and_o right_a 2._o right_a 1._o r._n 2._o c._n 2._o full_a justice_n and_o right_a 4.1_o right_a 2._o h._n 4.1_o good_a justice_n and_o even_o right_a 1._o right_a 7._o h._n 4._o c._n 1._o common_a droiture_fw-fr in_o a_o statute_n 1._o statute_n west_n 1._o c._n 1._o be_v render_v justice_n according_a to_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o england_n 161._o england_n 2_o just_o 161._o call_v common_a right_n as_o the_o lord_n cook_n because_o the_o common_a law_n be_v the_o best_a and_o most_o common_a birthright_n the_o subject_n have_v for_o the_o safeguard_n and_o defence_n not_o only_o of_o good_n land_n and_o revenue_n but_o of_o his_o wife_n and_o child_n body_n life_n and_o fame_n also_o 56._o also_o 1_o just_a 142_o 2_o just_o 56._o that_o which_o be_v call_v common_a right_n in_o the_o second_o of_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o 8._o three_o c._n 8._o in_o the_o first_o of_o that_o king_n 14._o king_n c._n 14._o be_v call_v common_a law_n not_o only_o as_o fortescue_n do_v the_o law_n of_o england_n favour_n liberty_n 42._o liberty_n c._n 42._o but_o they_o be_v notion_v by_o the_o word_n the_o word_n liberty_n in_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la signify_v the_o law_n 1.29_o law_n c._n 1.29_o and_o in_o that_o respect_n be_v the_o great_a charter_n call_v the_o charter_n of_o the_o liberty_n 47_o liberty_n 2_o just_o 47_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la have_v these_o word_n that_o all_o the_o clerk_n and_o layman_n of_o our_o realm_n have_v all_o their_o law_n liberty_n and_o free_a custom_n etc._n etc._n 4._o etc._n c._n 4._o in_o the_o 38_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o the_o law_n be_v call_v franchise_n in_o the_o old_a book_n the_o great_a charter_n the_o fountain_n of_o all_o our_o 81._o our_o just_a 81._o foundamentall_a law_n be_v call_v the_o charter_n of_o franchise_n the_o common_a liberty_n the_o liberty_n of_o england_n 178_o england_n bract._n 291_o 414._o pleta_n l._n 2._o c._n 48_o brit._n 178_o because_o so_o the_o lord_n cook_n they_o make_v frecman_n 1_o frecman_n 1_o jnst_n 1_o the_o custom_n of_o england_n bring_v a_o freedom_n with_o they_o therefore_o in_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la be_v they_o call_v free_a custom_n 29._o custom_n 2_o just_o 47._o mag._n char._n c._n 29._o the_o court_n of_o justice_n be_v also_o call_v liberty_n because_o in_o they_o as_o the_o same_o book_n the_o law_n which_o make_v freeman_n be_v administer_v 4._o administer_v mich._n 17._o epist_n 1._o in_o come_v berot_n 221._o 2._o 2_o jnst_n 4._o the_o law_n than_o be_v liberty_n itself_o liberty_n and_o law_n be_v convertible_a nor_o be_v this_o liberty_n titular_a only_o and_o a_o liberty_n of_o word_n in_o the_o expression_n of_o the_o petition_n of_o right_n out_o of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la cite_v in_o the_o first_o chapter_n and_o out_o of_o the_o 28_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o no_o free_a man_n shall_v be_v take_v imprison_v or_o decease_a &c._n &c._n but_o by_o lawful_a judgement_n or_o by_o law_n of_o the_o land_n and_o no_o man_n of_o what_o estate_n or_o condition_n soever_o shall_v be_v put_v out_o of_o his_o land_n or_o tenement_n nor_o take_v imprison_a nor_o disherited_n nor_o bring_v to_o death_n without_o be_v bring_v to_o answer_v by_o due_a process_n of_o law_n which_o be_v as_o after_o in_o that_o petition_n of_o right_a either_o custom_n of_o england_n or_o act_n of_o parliament_n reg_n parliament_n 3_o car._n reg_n
all_o law_n whatsoever_o unless_o there_o can_v be_v a_o stay_n of_o man_n manner_n unless_o they_o can_v move_v in_o a_o orderly_a course_n either_o continual_o run_v upon_o thing_n forbid_v or_o avoid_v they_o either_o constant_a to_o their_o own_o goodness_n or_o their_o lawless_a sin_n there_o must_v be_v new_a law_n to_o amend_v what_o be_v amiss_o unless_o prophecy_n may_v be_v presuppose_v in_o the_o first_o lawgiver_n who_o with_o the_o cast_n of_o his_o eye_n which_o the_o one_o look_n can_v see_v every_o thing_n thus_o we_o have_v see_v whatour_n law_n be_v &_o from_o what_o fountain_n they_o flow_v so_o than_o their_o discontent_n who_o only_o hate_v the_o sword_n and_o by_o who_o the_o law_n be_v loathe_v in_o no_o other_o notion_n but_o that_o of_o norman_a conquest_n must_v be_v remove_v they_o be_v not_o only_o demonstrate_v to_o be_v just_o make_v and_o according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n weigh_v and_o allow_v not_o by_o the_o wisdom_n of_o a_o narrow_a age_n but_o imbelish_v and_o polish_a by_o the_o experience_n and_o wisdom_n of_o a_o thousand_o year_n the_o fundamental_o be_v yet_o of_o a_o high_a rise_n and_o what_o be_v most_o of_o all_o saxon-english_a must_v needs_o be_v venerable_a they_o will_v be_v so_o with_o those_o who_o be_v win_v by_o reason_n and_o with_o those_o who_o be_v not_o capable_a of_o that_o yet_o will_v be_v take_v with_o the_o name_n if_o their_o obstinacy_n be_v not_o above_o their_o sense_n but_o if_o the_o law_n be_v not_o norman_n tenor_n tenor_n if_o it_o suffer_v that_o which_o be_v some_o will_v say_v it_o be_v the_o same_o whether_o the_o wen_n be_v native_a bear_v with_o the_o face_n or_o ad_fw-la nate_fw-fr grow_v upon_o it_o after_o the_o deformity_n be_v alike_o and_o the_o next_o guilt_n charge_v upon_o the_o jaw_n be_v the_o vassalage_n of_o feude_n or_o tenor_n be_v a_o servitude_n think_v unworthy_a of_o free_a man_n it_o may_v easy_o be_v show_v that_o those_o be_v not_o first_o show_v we_o by_o the_o norman_n that_o they_o have_v make_v their_o entrance_n long_o before_o and_o if_o this_o be_v culpable_a scarce_o any_o law_n but_o none_o of_o those_o of_o the_o german_a fountain_n from_o which_o the_o most_o of_o these_o as_o be_v prove_v in_o the_o western_a world_n be_v derive_v be_v innocent_a i_o will_v not_o look_v so_o far_o back_o as_o upon_o surena_n among_o the_o parthian_n who_o hereditary_a right_n it_o be_v and_o may_v be_v like_o our_o grand_a serieauty_n to_o put_v the_o royal_a bond_n or_o cydaris_n as_o it_o be_v call_v by_o the_o persian_n 111_o persian_n curt._n l._n 111_o upon_o the_o king_n head_n crasso_fw-la head_n plut._n in_o crasso_fw-la not_o upon_o the_o soldiery_n among_o the_o gaul_n head_n devote_v to_o he_o and_o his_o fortune_n who_o they_o follow_v the_o gessel_n among_o the_o gaul_n and_o german_n 3._o german_n caes_n come_v l._n 3._o not_o upon_o nero_n his_o kiss_v the_o armenian_a tyridates_n kneel_v which_o may_v be_v think_v homage_n ner._n homage_n sueton._n ju_n in_o ner._n nor_o upon_o alexander_n kiss_n take_v by_o mr_n fulbeck_n dial._n fulbeck_n paral._n 4._o dial._n for_o the_o same_o calisthenes_n be_v refuse_v this_o kiss_n give_v by_o the_o king_n to_o every_o of_o his_o friend_n at_o supper_n with_o he_o after_o they_o have_v drink_v of_o who_o fee_n we_o read_v nothing_o in_o history_n and_o his_o philosophy_n will_v make_v it_o seem_v small_a one_o budaeus_fw-la will_v have_v seud_n first_o begin_v in_o the_o ancient_a clienteles_a of_o the_o roman_n and_o in_o the_o relation_n between_o the_o patricii_fw-la the_o nobility_n and_o the_o plebeian_n or_o commons_o the_o tie_n betwixt_o who_o be_v reciprocal_a the_o patron_n be_v bind_v to_o protect_v the_o client_n and_o he_o with_o all_o faithfulness_n to_o observe_v the_o patron_n to_o attend_v he_o in_o public_a assembly_n to_o contribute_v to_o the_o marriage_n of_o his_o daughter_n to_o the_o payment_n of_o his_o public_a mulct_n etc._n etc._n yet_o be_v there_o another_o relation_n and_o that_o be_v servile_a betwixt_o the_o patron_n and_o free_a man_n appear_v by_o the_o operae_fw-la libertorum_fw-la the_o duty_n and_o day_n work_v of_o the_o free_a man_n to_o be_v do_v to_o the_o patron_n who_o he_o be_v oblige_v if_o he_o be_v a_o official_a free_a man_n to_o serve_v and_o help_v in_o all_o thing_n the_o artist_n pay_v a_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n either_o may_v be_v reduce_v to_o his_o servitude_n if_o he_o be_v ingrateful_a part_n of_o his_o good_n at_o his_o death_n be_v due_a to_o his_o patron_n there_o be_v the_o fundi_fw-la limitrophi_n the_o border_n ground_n of_o the_o roman_n belong_v to_o the_o soldier_n marcher_n upon_o the_o guard_n for_o defence_n of_o the_o border_n and_o alexander_n s._n verus_fw-la be_v report_v to_o have_v give_v the_o land_n of_o his_o enemy_n win_v by_o he_o to_o his_o praefect_n of_o the_o march_n and_o to_o their_o soldier_n and_o to_o their_o heir_n sen_n heir_n lamprid._n in_o alex._n sen_n constantine_n the_o great_a appropriate_v the_o land_n assign_v for_o the_o pay_n of_o the_o soldier_n to_o they_o and_o their_o heir_n with_o this_o charge_n to_o maintain_v continual_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o soldier_n which_o come_v to_o a_o near_a resemblance_n gregory_n haloander_n noves_fw-la haloander_n in_o prae_n noves_fw-la say_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o feud_n be_v call_v by_o the_o ancient_n jura_fw-la militiarum_fw-la by_o justinian_n in_o the_o novelles_fw-fr 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d those_o who_o hold_v feud_n by_o aescuage_n be_v call_v by_o he_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d shield_v bearer_n the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o novelles_fw-fr be_v more_o than_o our_o livery_n the_o chief_a lord_n the_o first_o year_n the_o heir_n or_o successor_n of_o the_o vassal_n come_v to_o the_o land_n be_v to_o have_v the_o whole_a revenue_n of_o it_o or_o a_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n in_o token_n of_o the_o return_n to_o the_o lord_n and_o redemption_n there_o be_v the_o glebal_n goldein_n in_o the_o code_n so_o call_v because_o the_o senator_n pay_v it_o to_o the_o prince_n for_o their_o possession_n there_o be_v too_o as_o zâ—zamene_n the_o glebal_n adscriptitius_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o villain_n who_o continue_v be_v alien_v with_o and_o follow_v the_o field_n germany_n as_o the_o most_o know_a knight_n scudum_fw-la knight_n gless_a d._n spelm._n scudum_fw-la bring_v forth_o the_o right_n and_o custom_n feudal_a and_o propagate_v they_o by_o tradition_n not_o write_v their_o beginning_n be_v rather_o to_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o salian_a frank_n say_v the_o most_o learned_a mr._n selden_n then_o to_o the_o lomberd_n feud_n be_v a_o reward_n or_o stipend_n it_o be_v a_o right_a in_o another_o land_n to_o the_o use_n and_o profit_n which_o the_o lord_n give_v for_o a_o benefice_n on_o condition_n that_o the_o receiver_n do_v fealty_n military_a duty_n and_o other_o service_n by_o which_o as_o in_o our_o copy_n hold_v the_o franktenement_n be_v in_o the_o lord_n still_o necessity_n of_o war_n beget_v the_o invention_n emperor_n king_n and_o prince_n to_o reward_v those_o who_o have_v fight_v valiant_o for_o their_o new_a conquest_n and_o to_o plant_v a_o perpetual_a soldiery_n prepare_v ever_o ready_a upon_o the_o ban_n to_o get_v to_o horse_n or_o march_v breed_v up_o to_o arm_n as_o to_o a_o profession_n to_o the_o intent_n the_o country_n may_v be_v preserve_v against_o invasion_n and_o tumult_n without_o the_o prince_n or_o the_o public_a charge_n mischief_n sometime_o break_v in_o so_o sudden_o that_o the_o slowness_n of_o any_o other_o preparation_n where_o levy_n of_o man_n and_o money_n require_v time_n can_v be_v stay_v for_o country_n be_v give_v to_o the_o capt._n who_o after_o make_v subdivision_n to_o their_o soldier_n the_o captain_n part_n be_v proportion_v according_a to_o the_o number_n of_o those_o under_o he_o all_o be_v still_o incorporate_a a_o civil_a unseen_a militia_n not_o ever_o shriek_v the_o eye_n of_o other_o quiet_o mix_v and_o keep_v course_n in_o the_o common_a stream_n like_o traianes_n cohort_n differ_v nothing_o in_o habit_n paneg._n p._n in_o paneg._n tranquillity_n and_o modesty_n from_o other_o but_o at_o the_o first_o summons_n of_o the_o foot_n ready_a like_o the_o seed_n of_o cadmus_n to_o start_v up_o field_n of_o arm_a man_n the_o justice_n of_o the_o institution_n be_v as_o much_o as_o the_o policy_n all_o these_o tenor_n have_v be_v create_v according_a to_o this_o rule_n as_o the_o lord_n gooke_v 192._o gooke_v 4._o jnsti_fw-la 192._o cvius_fw-la est_fw-la dare_v eius_fw-la est_fw-la disponere_fw-la every_o proprietary_n may_v annex_v his_o condition_n to_o his_o grant_n and_o dispose_v as_o he_o please_v of_o his_o own_o nor_o have_v the_o vassal_n any_o reason_n to_o
of_o geolph_n son_n of_o malt_n in_o halington_n four_o oxgange_n of_o land_n of_o jnland_n which_o the_o margin_n once_o correct_v by_o luland_n for_o juland_n both_o which_o make_v it_o nonsense_n there_o be_v add_v and_o ten_o oxgange_n in_o service_n the_o word_n manor_n mansion_n tevement_n marsh_n common_a of_o pasture_n of_o all_o beast_n be_v frequent_o meet_v with_o in_o the_o ancient_a grant_n make_v by_o the_o mercian_n and_o west_n saxon_a king_n to_o the_o monastery_n of_o crowland_n 881._o crowland_n inulphus_n savil_n 859_o 864_o 881._o with_o the_o term_n acre_n hide_n carve_v oxegange_n yardland_n firme_v rent_n etc._n etc._n many_o of_o those_o manor_n have_v their_o royalty_n or_o huge_a privilege_n as_o ingulphus_n call_v they_o annex_v both_o of_o jurisdiction_n in_o some_o part_n lessen_v since_o and_o profit_n king_n edgar_n chatter_v this_o monastery_n describe_v and_o grant_v they_o i_o grant_v and_o confirm_v say_v he_o etc._n etc._n free_a from_o all_o secular_a charge_n and_o that_o they_o have_v all_o the_o free_a custom_n with_o all_o that_o which_o be_v call_v soc_n sac_n tol_o and_o team_n infangthef_n weife_n and_o streye_v 881._o streye_v id._n 881._o among_o which_o sac_n in_o the_o halmot_n since_o court_v baron_n be_v common_a to_o all_o manor_n in_o the_o great_a plea_n of_o pennedene_n of_o which_o before_o the_o archbishop_n be_v say_v to_o darrein_a all_o the_o liberty_n and_o custom_n of_o his_o church_n soca_n saca_n tol_o team_n flymena_n fyrmthe_n for_o flyman_n firm_a grithbrice_n forsteal_n haunfare_n for_o heinfare_n and_o infangennetheof_n 196._o infangennetheof_n not._n in_o ead._n 196._o most_o of_o which_o be_v now_o wear_v out_o unknown_a in_o these_o base_a court_n yet_o i_o will_v say_v something_o of_o they_o not_o that_o i_o pretend_v to_o give_v full_a satisfaction_n be_v in_o some_o of_o they_o unsatisfy_a myself_o as_o they_o be_v upon_o who_o i_o rely_v for_o soca_n d._n cowell_n cite_v s._n edward_n law_n 23._o law_n c._n 23._o he_o say_v some_o will_v have_v it_o a_o inquest_n as_o if_o it_o be_v seek_v some_o suit_n of_o court_n other_o a_o exemption_n of_o the_o tenant_n from_o any_o public_a duty_n without_o the_o manor_n or_o liberty_n call_v still_o soak_v soon_o socne_o be_v in_o saxon_a liberty_n 4._o liberty_n ll._n cnuti_n c._n 69_o 4._o free_a jurisdiction_n frithsocne_n be_v a_o sanctuary_n a_o liberty_n of_o peace_n 2_o peace_n ll._n eccles_n r._n cnuti_n c._n 2_o in_o the_o life_n of_o the_o abbot_n of_o s._n alhanes_n we_o read_v with_o all_o the_o land_n which_o william_n chamberlain_n or_o the_o chamberlain_n hold_v in_o the_o soak_v of_o luiton_n 69._o luiton_n 69._o it_o be_v the_o liberty_n or_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o lordship_n within_o which_o the_o lord_n may_v hold_v his_o court_n to_o which_o the_o tenant_n ought_v to_o resort_v to_o do_v their_o suit_n and_o out_o of_o which_o they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v draw_v sac_n be_v conusance_n of_o plea_n tol_o be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o liberty_n to_o buy_v and_o sell_v within_o the_o manor_n 24._o manor_n ll._n edu_n c._n 24._o more_o likely_a some_o duty_n pay_v to_o the_o lord_n upon_o such_o sale_n team_n in_o other_o saxon_a out_o of_o the_o law_n be_v progeny_n by_o some_o make_v a_o power_n to_o have_v and_o and_o dispose_v of_o villain_n and_o their_o race_n it_o be_v so_o i_o gather_v from_o the_o saxon_a law_n cognizance_n in_o a_o courtbaron_n of_o thing_n claim_v steal_v where_o he_o in_o who_o hand_n the_o good_n be_v find_v may_v vouch_v his_o vendor_n and_o he_o over_o till_o the_o thief_n be_v discover_v if_o he_o be_v team_n ƿyrþe_v as_o king_n cnut_n law_n speak_v if_o he_o deserve_v the_o right_n as_o have_v buy_v before_o legal_a witness_n otherwise_o not_o and_o he_o be_v to_o pay_v the_o penalty_n impose_v at_o the_o three_o voucher_n the_o owner_n be_v to_o have_v his_o good_n the_o team_n be_v to_o be_v in_o the_o place_n where_o the_o good_n be_v find_v no_o man_n be_v bind_v fylgean_o team_n to_o follow_v it_o i_o know_v not_o whether_o timþ_n be_v use_v in_o the_o law_n of_o ine_fw-mi for_o vouch_n getiman_n in_o those_o of_o aelfred_n for_o the_o voucher_n as_o geteaman_n in_o those_o of_o king_n edward_n the_o elder_a and_o king_n aetheldred_n timan_n and_o teaman_n to_o vouch_v team_n for_o vouch_v tymoe_v he_o have_v vouch_v in_o aethelstanes_n law_n tyman_n team_n in_o those_o of_o aetheldred_n team_n team_n time_n in_o cnut_n in_o the_o same_o sense_n 3.25_o sense_n will_v ina_n l._n 74._o alfr._n 4._o edu._n sen_fw-la 2._o aethelft_n 24_o aetheld_a 9_o 10._o cnuti_n 21_o 22._o edv_n 3.25_o the_o other_o term_n may_v be_v render_v by_o mulct_n of_o sustain_v fugitive_n or_o outlaw_n of_o breach_n of_o the_o peace_n forestalling_a depart_v of_o a_o servant_n trial_n of_o a_o thief_n take_v within_o the_o jurisdiction_n there_o be_v park_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n which_o though_o it_o be_v a_o digression_n i_o think_v fit_a to_o observe_v this_o appear_v by_o the_o word_n deorfald_n deerfold_v and_o by_o the_o doomsday_n where_o they_o be_v be_v call_v parcisylvatici_n bestiarum_fw-la wood_n park_n of_o beast_n forest_n too_o here_o be_v as_o ancient_a call_v bucholt_n and_o buchurst_n be_v the_o same_o holt_n and_o hurt_v both_o signify_v a_o wood._n king_n cnut_n in_o his_o law_n forresta_n law_n c._n 77._o v._o man_n fere_v d_o sp._n gloss_n verb._n forresta_n give_v any_o man_n leave_v to_o hunt_v in_o his_o own_o wood_n or_o field_n forbid_v only_o to_o meddle_v with_o the_o king_n venison_n in_o the_o place_n of_o freedom_n other_o forest_n law_n be_v after_o set_v forth_o by_o the_o same_o cnut_n one_o of_o which_o in_o the_o thirty_o chap._n give_v leave_n to_o hunt_v but_o not_o so_o generaly_a it_o name_v not_o wood_n if_o the_o saxon_a original_n be_v as_o narrow_a which_o no_o man_n now_o know_v yet_o i_o see_v not_o why_o these_o law_n shall_v be_v suspect_v for_o it_o as_o they_o be_v inst_z be_v 4._o inst_z where_o this_o chapter_n be_v think_v to_o be_v a_o prohibition_n to_o hunt_v which_o it_o be_v not_o it_o agree_v with_o the_o law_n before_o man_n be_v to_o avoid_v the_o king_n game_n not_o wheresoever_o according_a to_o the_o word_n but_o wheresoever_o he_o will_v have_v it_o according_a to_o the_o other_o law_n gefƿiþod_v privilege_v free_a what_o the_o thane_n be_v and_o how_o he_o hold_v his_o land_n and_o lordship_n i_o will_v next_o inquire_v the_o word_n thane_n thegen_n thein_o thegne_n we_o find_v theowan_n too_o and_o all_o these_o way_n it_o be_v write_v be_v use_v sometime_o indifferent_o in_o some_o place_n mere_o for_o the_o king_n servant_n mere_o for_o a_o servant_n as_o in_o doomsday_n colam_z the_o bunter_n vluiet_v the_o hunter_n godwin_n the_o falconer_n etc._n etc._n and_o in_o a_o saxon_a sermon_n 382_o sermon_n in_o beda_n 〈…〉_o 382_o the_o queen_n of_o seba_n tell_v soloman_n bless_v be_v thy_o servant_n theguas_fw-la and_o theowan_n the_o apostle_n be_v call_v thene_n 483._o thene_n bede_n 483._o yet_o in_o other_o place_n it_o may_v be_v observe_v direct_o and_o proper_o restrain_v to_o intend_v of_o a_o thane_n hold_v take_v land_n though_o he_o may_v in_o some_o honourable_a way_n or_o other_o serve_v the_o king_n too_o such_o may_v he_o be_v in_o bede_n who_o as_o the_o fable_n speak_v no_o bond_n can_v hold_v when_o his_o brother_n be_v at_o mass_n pray_v for_o his_o soul_n as_o suppose_v he_o slay_v in_o the_o battle_n with_o elwin_n king_n egfreds_n brother_n who_o fear_v to_o confess_v that_o he_o be_v the_o king_n thegne_n but_o say_v he_o be_v a_o folelic_a man_n and_o again_o those_o that_o be_v with_o he_o see_v by_o his_o face_n and_o carriage_n that_o he_o be_v not_o one_o of_o the_o poor_a folk_n but_o that_o he_o be_v of_o noble_a race_n 22._o race_n bede_n l._n 4._o c._n 22._o and_o be_v question_v answer_v he_o be_v the_o king_n thegne_n there_o be_v the_o king_n thane_n &_o the_o ðeoden_a mean_a or_o under_o thane_n the_o first_o the_o king_n baron_n the_o other_o the_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n 69._o manor_n v._o will_v reg_fw-la cnuti_n c._n 69._o as_o a_o most_o learned_a antiquary_n neither_o be_v there_o with_o they_o the_o saxon_n any_o other_o create_a title_n after_o the_o prince_n or_o etheling_n honorary_a it_o seem_v but_o this_o of_o earl_n and_o their_o thanes_z according_a to_o the_o charter_n of_o the_o confessor_n for_o the_o land_n of_o st._n paul_n church_n there_o which_o run_v thus_o edward_n king_n great_a my_o bisceops_n and_o my_o forle_n and_o alle_fw-mi my_o thegnes_fw-la ou_fw-fr thou_o shiren_n where_o my_o preste_n in_o paulus_n minister_n habband_n land_n hon._n land_n d._n seld._n tit_n hon._n he_o acknowledge_v there_o be_v
and_o lease_n often_o profectio_fw-la militaris_fw-la and_o expeditio_fw-la be_v the_o same_o which_o among_o the_o saxon_n be_v call_v here_o fare_n among_o the_o germane_a hereban_n with_o we_o and_o the_o french_a escuage_n at_o least_o that_o which_o be_v certain_a heribannm_fw-la certain_a glos_n verbo_fw-la heribannm_fw-la the_o charter_n of_o bertulph_n king_n of_o the_o mercian_n anno_fw-la 851._o to_o the_o monastery_n of_o crowland_n grant_v all_o those_o abovesaid_a church_n chapel_n be_v land_n tenement_n pasture_n fishing_n manor_n mansion_n milles_n marsh_n free_a and_o discharge_v from_o all_o secular_a service_n and_o earthly_a charge_n etc._n etc._n and_o i_o free_a from_o all_o duty_n of_o the_o king_n and_o of_o every_o other_o lord_n and_o man_n of_o what_o dignity_n excellency_n and_o honour_n soever_o 861._o soever_o council_n 346._o jngulph_n hist_o 861._o king_n athelwulf_n the_o west_n saxon_n and_o monarch_n in_o his_o grant_n of_o the_o ten_o mansion_n and_o of_o the_o ten_o of_o all_o good_n to_o the_o church_n differ_v little_a from_o these_o he_o will_v have_v that_o ten_o part_n to_o be_v free_a as_o the_o several_a copy_n have_v it_o and_o as_o we_o find_v it_o hitherto_o to_o have_v be_v from_o all_o socular_a servitude_n and_o from_o all_o royal_a tribute_n the_o great_a and_o the_o lesser_a or_o from_o the_o tax_n as_o in_o ingulphus_n which_o we_o call_v winterden_v as_o malmesbury_n witerden_n as_o math_n of_o westminster_n witeredden_a who_o agree_v with_o the_o other_o in_o this_o part_n only_o he_o have_v secular_a service_n for_o servitude_n all_o of_o they_o make_v the_o charter_n conclude_v contrary_a to_o the_o charter_n of_o eadbald_n before_o and_o let_v it_o be_v free_a etc._n etc._n to_o serve_v god_n only_o without_o expedition_n repair_n of_o bridge_n and_o castle_n which_o by_o the_o old_a law_n or_o old_a policy_n rather_o of_o the_o english_a saxon_n it_o be_v say_v the_o king_n can_v not_o discharge_v this_o be_v therefore_o call_v the_o write_n of_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n this_o charter_n worthy_a of_o everlasting_a memory_n be_v grant_v in_o a_o general_n council_n at_o winchester_n such_o one_o as_o be_v call_v pan_n anglicum_fw-la where_o be_v present_a three_o king_n athelwulf_n the_o monarch_n the_o west_n saxon_n bear_v the_o mercian_n after_o drive_v out_o by_o the_o dane_n and_o edmund_n the_o eastangle_n the_o martyr_n slay_v by_o those_o dane_n hence_o the_o most_o worthy_a knight_n think_v the_o rectory_n and_o the_o glebe_n to_o have_v have_v their_o beginning_n though_o fair_a addition_n from_o the_o munificence_n of_o pious_a patron_n have_v be_v make_v to_o it_o since_o 352._o since_o council_n 349._o 352._o in_o optona_fw-la grena_fw-la vpton_n green_a as_o ingulphus_n st_n gutlac_n the_o tutelar_a special_a saint_n of_o crowland_n have_v and_o bathe_v wood_n and_o marsh_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n free_a and_o quit_v from_o all_o service_n 909_o service_n hist_o 909_o &_o from_o the_o time_n of_o king_n etheldred_n be_v the_o seat_n of_o our_o abbey_n say_v he_o quit_v and_o discharge_v from_o all_o secular_a service_n and_o our_o abbey_n be_v quit_v and_o free_a from_o all_o secular_a service_n in_o the_o time_n of_o that_o king_n who_o be_v the_o lawful_a successor_n of_o the_o royal_a blood_n of_o the_o english_a and_o father_n of_o the_o most_o pious_a king_n edward_n 40.50_o edward_n p._n 911._o s_o 30_o 40.50_o and_o again_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o marsh_n and_o meadow_n of_o the_o seat_n of_o our_o monastery_n say_v he_o i_o demise_v for_o a_o certain_a yearly_a rent_n and_o other_o service_n to_o be_v do_v 912._o do_v 912._o the_o folcland_n of_o the_o base_a tenure_n among_o the_o saxon_n as_o m._n lombard_n which_o pass_v without_o writing_n be_v that_o which_o now_o we_o call_v copyhold_n at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n exscripta_fw-la lord_n glos_n terra_fw-la exscripta_fw-la who_o condition_n as_o also_o that_o of_o those_o who_o hold_v by_o socage_n be_v far_o more_o servile_a before_o the_o norman_a entrance_n then_o in_o some_o time_n since_o before_o the_o service_n of_o all_o these_o consist_v in_o fcasance_n in_o do_v after_o in_o render_v by_o payment_n etc._n etc._n as_o the_o most_o reverend_a judge_n littleton_n of_o those_o who_o hold_v by_o socage_n afterward_o these_o service_n be_v change_v into_o money_n by_o consent_n of_o the_o tenant_n and_o desire_v of_o the_o lord_n viz._n into_o a_o annual_a rent_n etc._n etc._n yet_o the_o name_n etc._n etc._n remain_v and_o in_o divers_a place_n the_o tenant_n yet_o do_v such_o service_n with_o their_o plough_n to_o their_o lord_n 119._o lord_n l._n 2_o s_o 119._o bracton_n call_v the_o copyholder_n villain_n sockman_n or_o sockman_n of_o base_a tenure_n 8._o tenure_n l._n 2._o c._n 8._o other_o tenant_n in_o villeinage_n servitude_n indeed_o or_o villeinage_n since_o richard_n the_o second_o time_n be_v by_o degree_n rather_o wear_v out_o then_o abolish_v by_o any_o law_n nothing_o now_o be_v leave_v but_o the_o name_n the_o last_o man_n which_o i_o have_v know_v claim_v for_o a_o villain_n be_v crouch_n of_o sommersetshire_n in_o queen_n elizabeth_n time_n 283._o time_n dy._n 266._o 283._o this_o too_o be_v saxon_a english_a and_o precede_v the_o norman_n but_o be_v never_o favour_v by_o the_o law_n 42._o law_n dy._n 267._o lit_fw-fr s_o 193._o forost_n c._n 42._o the_o saxon_a law_n call_v the_o villain_n ðeoƿ_n mon_fw-fr or_o man_n ðeoƿ_n and_o ðeoƿe_n indifferent_o a_o servant_n man_n or_o servant_n not_o that_o freeman_n be_v not_o servant_n too_o as_o since_o they_o be_v both_o which_o be_v visible_a in_o that_o law_n of_o king_n ina_n if_o a_o servant_n man_n work_n on_o sunday_n by_o his_o lord_n command_v be_v he_o free_a and_o the_o lord_n shall_v pay_v thirty_o shilling_n for_o a_o penalty_n if_o he_o work_v without_o his_o lord_n knowledge_n he_o shall_v lose_v his_o hide_n be_v whip_v or_o his_o hide_n gild_v the_o price_n of_o it_o but_o if_o a_o freeman_n work_v that_o day_n without_o his_o lord_n command_v he_o shall_v lose_v his_o freedom_n or_o sixty_o shilling_n 5._o shilling_n ll._n ina_n c._n 3.23.46.73.50_o ll._n aelfr_n c._n 5._o in_o that_o extract_n of_o the_o land_n of_o the_o monastery_n of_o crowland_n take_v out_o of_o the_o doomsday_n book_n by_o ingulphus_n the_o abbot_n we_o find_v in_o langtoft_n s._n guthlac_n bas_fw-fr etc._n etc._n viz._n five_o carve_v eight_o villain_n 81._o villain_n barder_n sup_v 81._o four_o bord._n and_o twenty_o have_v soc_n socham_n habentes_fw-la 5_o carucatas_fw-la it_o shall_v be_v twenty_o socm_n habentes_fw-la 5_o carucatas_fw-la and_o in_o bston_n etc._n etc._n there_o in_o dominio_fw-la one_o carve_v five_o villain_n two_o bord._n and_o seven_o soem_n with_o two_o carve_v in_o soudnave_n slound_v two_o servant_n six_o villain_n three_o bord._n with_o one_o sochman_n have_v three_o carve_v etc._n etc._n with_o much_o more_o of_o the_o same_o 908._o same_o ingulthus_n savil._n 908._o in_o the_o year_n 1051._o thorold_n of_o buckenbale_n sheriff_n of_o lincolnshire_n likely_a of_o the_o the_o blood_n a_o descendent_a of_o the_o former_a thorold_n who_o have_v land_n in_o buckenhale_n grant_v the_o manor_n of_o spalding_n to_o wulgate_v abbot_n of_o crowland_n in_o these_o word_n i_o have_v give_v etc._n etc._n to_o god_n and_o st._n guthlac_n of_o crowland_n etc._n etc._n all_o my_o manor_n situate_a near_o the_o parochial_a church_n of_o the_o same_o town_n with_o all_o the_o land_n and_o tenement_n rent_n and_o service_n etc._n etc._n which_o i_o have_v in_o the_o same_o manor_n etc._n etc._n with_o all_o the_o appendant_o viz._n colgrin_n my_o reeve_n and_o his_o whole_a scquele_n with_o all_o the_o good_n and_o chattel_n which_o he_o have_v in_o the_o same_o town_n field_n and_o march_n etc._n etc._n also_o harding_n the_o smith_n and_o his_o whole_a sequel_n with_o all_o the_o good_n and_o chattel_n which_o he_o have_v in_o the_o same_o town_n etc._n etc._n also_o leftan_n the_o carpenter_n and_o his_o whole_a sequel_n with_o all_o the_o good_n and_o chattel_n etc._n etc._n also_o ringulph_n the_o primum_fw-la the_o ringulphum_fw-la primum_fw-la first_o and_o his_o whole_a sequel_n with_o the_o good_n and_o chattel_n &c_n &c_n also_o elstan_n the_o fisher_n and_o his_o whole_a sequel_n with_o the_o good_n and_o chattel_n etc._n etc._n also_o gunter_n liniet_fw-la etc._n etc._n outy_a grimkelson_n etc._n etc._n turstan_n dub_v etc._n etc._n algar_n the_o black_a etc._n etc._n edric_n the_o son_n of_o siward_n etc._n etc._n osmund_n the_o miller_n etc._n etc._n besy_n tuke_n etc._n etc._n elmer_n of_o pincebeck_n etc._n etc._n also_o goose_n gamelson_n etc._n etc._n with_o the_o same_o clause_n to_o they_o as_o before_z the_o conclusion_n be_v these_o my_o servant_n seruos_fw-la and_o their_o good_n and_o chattel_n with_o all_o
be_v suffer_v in_o the_o civil_a law_n parent_n by_o a_o law_n of_o the_o table_n may_v sell_v their_o child_n thrice_o 18._o thrice_o sect._n 18._o the_o lord_n have_v power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n over_o his_o slave_n servitus_fw-la slave_n insl_n l._n 1._o gloss_n servitus_fw-la the_o petronian_a law_n restrein_n from_o force_v they_o to_o fight_v with_o beast_n at_o their_o pleasure_n not_o observe_v more_o than_o the_o edict_n of_o nero_n which_o depute_a commissary_n to_o hear_v the_o complaint_n of_o slave_n they_o put_v they_o to_o death_n for_o trifle_n vedius_n pollio_n throw_v a_o slave_n to_o be_v devour_v of_o lamprey_n which_o he_o feed_v thus_o for_o break_v a_o glass_n 54._o glass_n dio._n l._n 54._o if_o a_o lord_n be_v murder_v by_o one_o servant_n it_o be_v the_o old_a custom_n say_v tacitus_n to_o condemn_v and_o put_v to_o death_n all_o the_o slave_n according_a to_o which_o in_o the_o case_n of_o pedanius_n secundus_fw-la provost_n of_o the_o city_n four_o hundred_o innocent_a man_n lose_v their_o life_n ann._n life_n 14_o ann._n where_o law_n settle_v quiet_o without_o any_o awe_n upon_o those_o who_o be_v to_o receive_v it_o have_v too_o many_o of_o draco_n rubricke_n of_o blood_n it_o be_v terrible_a our_o law_n be_v not_o cruel_o bloody_a they_o distinguish_v betwixt_o intention_n and_o action_n and_o action_n as_o they_o have_v their_o degree_n of_o mischief_n have_v their_o degree_n of_o punishment_n king_n edgar_z will_n in_o a_o law_n that_o in_o offence_n clemency_n and_o forgiveness_n be_v use_v as_o much_o as_o justice_n so_o that_o punishment_n may_v bâ—_n tolerable_a ve_fw-la tolerable_a ll._n nol._n 1._o ll._n cnuti_n 1_o 2._o ve_fw-la a_o command_n not_o forget_v it_o have_v continue_v with_o the_o law_n godlike_a mercy_n ever_o save_v more_o than_o justice_n strike_v wisdom_n and_o mercy_n justice_n and_o grace_n be_v join_v 2._o join_v beact_v l._n 2._o as_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o beginning_n no_o free_a man_n can_v by_o this_o law_n be_v disseise_v of_o his_o free_a hold_n but_o by_o lawful_a judgement_n etc._n etc._n in_o those_o article_n against_o the_o most_o worthy_a earl_n hubert_n de_fw-fr burgo_n he_o conclude_v it_o seem_v to_o he_o that_o he_o ought_v not_o to_o answer_v without_o restitution_n be_v disseise_v of_o what_o he_o have_v since_o no_o disseised_a man_n be_v oblige_v to_o answer_v in_o any_o gourt_n etc._n etc._n 153._o etc._n additam_fw-la par._n 153._o this_o be_v more_o visible_a by_o the_o law_n since_o as_o the_o lord_n cook_n if_o a_o man_n be_v accuse_v or_o indict_v of_o treason_n or_o felony_n his_o land_n can_v be_v grant_v to_o any_o not_o so_o much_o as_o by_o promise_n no_o seizure_n can_v be_v make_v before_o attainder_n xxii_o attainder_n inst_z 36_o 48_o mag._n char._n c._n xxii_o abjuration_n challenge_v to_o the_o jury_n clergy_n be_v no_o small_a favour_n of_o the_o law_n if_o a_o felon_n demand_v his_o book_n and_o can_v not_o read_v and_o demand_v it_o again_o under_o the_o gallow_n and_o read_v he_o shall_v have_v the_o benefit_n of_o it_o 6.49_o it_o 34._o h._n 6.49_o one_o indict_v of_o felony_n produce_v a_o charter_n of_o pardon_n discordant_a to_o the_o jnditement_n and_o to_o his_o name_n the_o court_n perceive_v the_o king_n mean_v to_o pardon_v he_o remand_v he_o to_o sue_v for_o a_o better_a pardon_n court_n pardon_n 46._o ass_n b._n &_o f._n office_n del_o court_n as_o if_o mercy_n be_v give_v in_o charge_n to_o the_o justice_n they_o ought_v of_o office_n to_o take_v notice_n of_o all_o general_a pardon_n though_o the_o party_n plead_v they_o not_o 28._o not_o dy._n 28._o and_o there_o if_o all_o felony_n under_o twenty_o shilling_n be_v pardon_v the_o judge_n ought_v to_o dismiss_v he_o to_o god_n as_o the_o book_n who_o be_v indict_v where_o the_o theft_n be_v under_o that_o sum_n the_o justice_n heretofore_o know_v the_o felon_n to_o be_v a_o clerk_n who_o take_v himself_o not_o to_o his_o clergy_n will_v not_o give_v judgement_n to_o hang_v he_o 3._o he_o 22._o e._n 3._o if_o the_o prisoner_n for_o treason_n or_o felony_n have_v any_o matter_n of_o law_n to_o plead_v he_o be_v to_o be_v allow_v his_o counsel_n after_o the_o plea_n of_o not_o guilty_a where_o it_o will_v not_o be_v allow_v the_o court_n ought_v to_o be_v instead_o of_o counsel_n for_o the_o prisoner_n to_o see_v that_o nothing_o be_v urge_v against_o he_o contrary_a to_o law_n and_o right_n nay_o any_o learned_a man_n present_a may_v give_v information_n to_o the_o court_n in_o behalf_n of_o the_o prisoner_n for_o his_o benefit_n 2._o benefit_n 3._o inst_z c._n 2._o the_o judges_z as_o in_o humphrey_z staffords_z case_n be_v observe_v 29._o observe_v 1_o h._n 7.26_o 3_o jus_fw-la 29._o ought_v not_o to_o give_v their_o opinion_n before_o hand_n which_o be_v condemn_v a_o man_n before_o he_o be_v hear_v the_o way_n to_o make_v indifferency_n impossible_a whereas_o as_o the_o lord_n cook_n until_o the_o party_n have_v make_v his_o defence_n thing_n may_v be_v represent_v much_o to_o the_o disadvantage_n and_o a_o small_a addition_n or_o substraction_n may_v alter_v the_o whole_a case_n in_o common_a plea_n where_o the_o defendant_n have_v accept_v the_o writ_n or_o title_n where_o he_o have_v lose_v his_o advantage_n by_o his_o conclusion_n or_o the_o issue_n be_v find_v against_o he_o yet_o if_o it_o appear_v to_o the_o court_n that_o the_o plantiffe_n have_v no_o title_n no_o cause_n of_o action_n judgement_n shall_v not_o be_v give_v against_o the_o defendant_n 120._o defendant_n plough_v 66_o dy._n 13.76.119_o 120._o every_o restraint_n of_o a_o free_a man_n though_o not_o within_o the_o wall_n of_o a_o prison_n be_v imprisonment_n 60._o imprisonment_n 2._o just_a 482._o rot._n pael_n 2._o h_o 4_o nu_fw-la 60._o no_o man_n be_v to_o be_v arrest_v or_o imprison_v against_o the_o form_n of_o the_o great_a charter_n before_o recite_v 54._o recite_v 2._o just_a 54._o no_o man_n be_v to_o be_v imprison_v but_o for_o a_o certain_a cause_n to_o be_v show_v 53._o show_v ibid._n 53._o to_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o warrant_n etc._n etc._n the_o conclusion_n of_o which_o ought_v to_o be_v and_o he_o safe_o to_o keep_v until_o he_o be_v deliver_v by_o law_n etc._n etc._n as_o the_o five_o of_o king_n henry_n the_o four_o none_o be_v to_o be_v imprison_v but_o in_o the_o common_a goal_n to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v have_v their_o trial_n at_o the_o next_o goal_n delivery_n etc._n etc._n as_o justice_n fitz_n herbert_n to_o keep_v a_o man_n in_o prison_n without_o come_v to_o his_o answer_n be_v against_o law_n c._n law_n na._n br._n 118._o c._n the_o abbot_n of_o s._n alban_n will_v not_o make_v a_o goal_n delivery_n at_o the_o time_n to_o save_v cost_n he_o lose_v his_o franchise_n by_o it_o 4.18_o it_o 8._o h._n 4.18_o the_o abbot_n of_o crowland_n forfeit_v his_o franchise_n for_o detain_v prisoner_n after_o acquittal_n and_o their_o fee_n pay_v 4.6_o pay_v 20._o e._n 4.6_o such_o detain_v after_o the_o habeas_fw-la corpus_fw-la be_v false_a imprisonment_n 53._o imprisonment_n 2._o just_a 53._o there_o be_v many_o provision_n for_o those_o who_o be_v grieve_v in_o these_o case_n by_o indictment_n writ_n and_o action_n 55._o action_n ibid._n 55._o though_o the_o law_n require_v safe_a and_o strait_a custody_n that_o must_v be_v without_o any_o torment_n or_o pain_n to_o the_o prisoner_n relief_n may_v be_v have_v against_o cruel_a and_o hard_a usage_n of_o a_o gaoler_n 92._o gaoler_n 3._o just_a 35_o 91_o 92._o the_o prison_n as_o bracton_n be_v not_o for_o punishment_n but_o custody_n a_o certain_a priest_n arraign_v in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edw._n the_o second_o put_v himself_o upon_o the_o country_n and_o stand_v at_o the_o bar_n in_o iron_n but_o by_o command_n of_o the_o justice_n he_o be_v free_v from_o they_o 432._o they_o fish_n corene_n 432._o and_o as_o to_o iron_n say_v the_o lord_n coke_n there_o be_v no_o difference_n betwixt_o a_o priest_n and_o a_o layman_n sup_n layman_n 3_o inst_z ubi_fw-la sup_n no_o felon_n come_v to_o answer_v in_o judgement_n ought_v to_o be_v charge_v with_o iron_n 11.17_o iron_n brit._n c._n 5.14_o c._n 11.17_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n be_v a_o law_n of_o mercy_n for_o three_o cause_n as_o the_o lord_n coke_n 1._o the_o innocent_a shall_v not_o be_v waste_v by_o long_a imprisonment_n but_o speedy_o come_v to_o his_o trial_n 2_o prisoner_n for_o criminal_a cause_n bring_v to_o their_o trial_n ought_v to_o be_v humane_o deal_v with_o 3._o the_o judge_n ought_v to_o exhort_v they_o to_o answer_v without_o fear_n to_o assure_v they_o that_o justice_n shall_v be_v due_o administer_v 316_o administer_v 2_o ins_n 316_o the_o law_n have_v a_o most_o tender_a regard_n as_o be_v say_v of_o the_o life_n of_o man_n by_o a_o canon_n
of_o our_o old_a english_a church_n he_o that_o kill_v a_o man_n in_o public_a war_n be_v enjoin_v a_o penance_n of_o 40_o day_n 383._o day_n council_n sax_fw-la 383._o by_o the_o common_a law_n kill_v by_o misadventure_n or_o in_o a_o man_n own_o defence_n be_v murder_n found_v upon_o the_o judicial_a law_n before_o the_o city_n of_o refuge_n the_o forfeiture_n of_o both_o be_v as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o murder_n before_o the_o statute_n of_o marlebr_n and_o glouce_v the_o forfeiture_n of_o good_n and_o chattel_n remain_v yet_o if_o he_o that_o kill_v by_o misadventure_n escape_v the_o town_n where_o the_o fact_n be_v commit_v be_v to_o be_v amerce_v 149._o amerce_v fitzher_n corone_n 302_o 2._o just_a 148_o 149._o so_o where_o the_o kill_a be_v se_fw-la defendendo_fw-la 315._o defendendo_fw-la 2._o inst_z 315._o man_n life_n be_v so_o precious_a in_o the_o law_n that_o the_o death_n of_o a_o man_n can_v be_v justify_v the_o defendant_n in_o a_o appeal_n can_v justify_v the_o death_n se_fw-la defendendo_fw-la but_o must_v plead_v not_o guilty_a 122._o guilty_a b._n appeal_v 122._o a_o verdict_n that_o a._n kill_v b._n se_fw-la defendendo_fw-la be_v not_o good_a the_o special_a matter_n must_v be_v set_v down_o that_o the_o court_n may_v adjudge_v the_o kill_a to_o be_v upon_o inevitable_a necessity_n 302_o necessity_n corone_n 302_o maim_v wound_a menace_n of_o life_n and_o member_n in_o defence_n of_o the_o possession_n of_o land_n or_o good_n be_v not_o justifiable_a a_o infant_n of_o nine_o year_n kill_v another_o infant_n and_o hide_v he_o etc._n etc._n the_o opinion_n of_o the_o justice_n be_v that_o he_o shall_v be_v hang_v but_o execution_n what_o respite_v etc._n etc._n 12_o etc._n corone_n 57_o 3._o h._n 7_o d._n 12_o if_o a_o man_n be_v drown_v by_o mischance_n in_o any_o pit_n not_o fence_v the_o town_n be_v to_o be_v amerce_v 421._o amerce_v corove_v 304.320_o v._o 339.402_o 421._o so_o where_o a_o man_n die_v sudden_o of_o a_o fever_n and_o be_v bury_v without_o view_v by_o the_o coronour_n 329._o coronour_n ibid._n 329._o a_o lunatic_n kill_v a_o man_n he_o must_v sue_v for_o his_o charter_n of_o pardon_n 351._o pardon_n ibid._n 351._o and_o where_o the_o worst_a of_o man_n suffer_v those_o punishment_n which_o justice_n inflict_v which_o it_o be_v cruelty_n destructive_a to_o government_n and_o society_n to_o forbear_v it_o be_v well_o say_v to_o punish_v the_o homicide_n and_o sacrilegious_a be_v not_o effusion_n of_o blood_n but_o ministry_n of_o the_o law_n i_o say_v where_o justice_n do_v strike_v it_o be_v with_o a_o humane_a severity_n the_o offender_n with_o we_o do_v not_o carry_v to_o the_o place_n of_o execution_n his_o own_o cross_n he_o be_v not_o first_o whip_v then_o nail_v naked_a to_o the_o unhappy_a tree_n as_o it_o be_v call_v we_o have_v no_o italum_n robur_n robur_n or_o strong_a hold_n as_o it_o be_v english_v in_o a_o stink_a prison_n horrible_a for_o darkness_n where_o malefactor_n neck_n be_v break_v by_o tumble_v they_o headlong_o from_o the_o stock_n of_o a_o tree_n there_o fasten_v in_o the_o earth_n no_o rack_n or_o brake_n where_o the_o party_n innocent_a oftentimes_o be_v torment_v till_o he_o accuse_v and_o condemn_v himself_o be_v hoist_a upon_o it_o and_o fasten_v with_o rope_n to_o it_o his_o hand_n at_o the_o upper_a part_n and_o foot_n at_o the_o nether_a part_n his_o joint_n be_v not_o only_o rack_v but_o the_o tormentor_n oft_o burn_v and_o tear_v the_o flesh_n from_o his_o side_n with_o hot_a plate_n and_o iron_n pincer_n those_o who_o will_v have_v introduce_v the_o civil_a law_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n hen._n the_o 6._o bring_v the_o rack_n into_o the_o tower_n 1._o tower_n 3_o just_o c._n 1._o as_o a_o beginning_n to_o it_o hereupon_o as_o be_v observe_v the_o most_o reverend_a sir_n john_n fortescue_n chancellor_n or_o rather_o chief_a justice_n of_o england_n write_v in_o commendation_n of_o our_o law_n where_o he_o maintain_v that_o all_o torture_n be_v contrary_a to_o they_o there_o be_v no_o law_n say_v the_o lord_n coke_n to_o warrant_v they_o in_o this_o land_n although_o there_o be_v no_o full_a proof_n against_o some_o of_o those_o horrible_a miner_n in_o the_o gunpowder_n treason_n yet_o be_v it_o not_o think_v fit_a if_o the_o discovery_n can_v be_v make_v any_o other_o way_n to_o take_v the_o extraordinary_a of_o the_o rack_n some_o other_o legalarte_n be_v use_v yet_o i_o can_v tell_v what_o can_v have_v be_v extraordinary_a or_o illegal_a in_o the_o case_n of_o such_o hellish_a parricide_n who_o if_o they_o can_v superas_fw-la evadere_fw-la ad_fw-la auras_fw-la and_o assume_v body_n can_v not_o much_o exceed_v themselves_o garnet_n and_o hall_n betray_v themselves_o by_o their_o own_o conference_n which_o be_v permit_v to_o catch_v they_o that_o conference_n be_v call_v by_o the_o earl_n of_o salisbury_n the_o finger_n of_o god_n thereby_o so_o he_o tell_v garnet_n the_o lord_n have_v some_o proof_n of_o matter_n against_o he_o which_o must_v have_v be_v discover_v otherwise_o by_o violence_n and_o coercion_n a_o matter_n say_v the_o earl_n ordinary_a in_o other_o kingdom_n but_o forbear_v here_o etc._n etc._n traitor_n v_o proceed_v against_o the_o gunpowder_n traitor_n he_o add_v his_o majesty_n king_n james_n and_o the_o lord_n be_v well_o content_v to_o draw_v all_o from_o garnet_n without_o rack_a or_o any_o such_o bitter_a torment_n we_o have_v no_o dejectio_fw-la è_fw-la soxe_n like_o that_o headlong_o throw_v down_o from_o a_o rock_n in_o the_o tarpeian_a mount_n nothing_o like_o the_o gemonian_a stair_n whether_o the_o malefactor_n be_v either_o drag_v 5._o drag_v according_a to_o tacitus_n aun_n l_o 5._o and_o cast_v into_o the_o tevere_a it_o be_v say_v there_o be_v not_o so_o much_o leave_v of_o sejanus_n untorne_a by_o the_o people_n which_o the_o hangman_n may_v fix_v his_o hook_n on_o to_o draw_v into_o the_o river_n or_o as_o other_o hale_v by_o the_o executioner_n hook_v thrust_v into_o his_o throat_n and_o have_v his_o thigh_n break_v burn_a clad_v in_o a_o coat_n daub_v on_o the_o inside_n with_o pitch_n and_o brimstone_n we_o have_v no_o saw_v asunder_o from_o the_o head_n downward_o no_o condemn_v to_o a_o fence_a school_n to_o beast_n mine_n or_o metal_n no_o banishment_n deportation_n no_o most_o barren_a gyaros_n to_o confine_v man_n to_o not_o so_o much_o as_o relegation_n be_v know_v in_o our_o law_n no_o impale_v no_o wheel_n no_o deflower_v virgin_n by_o the_o hangman_n before_o they_o be_v put_v to_o ann._n to_o quia_fw-la in_o auditum_fw-la say_v tacitus_n trium_fw-la virali_fw-la supplicio_fw-la virginem_fw-la affici_fw-la it_o have_v be_v far_o less_o to_o have_v break_v the_o custom_n then_o to_o â—â—de_v this_o â—â—k_n â—o_o keep_v it_o l._n 5._o ann._n death_n before_o villainage_n expire_v here_o the_o villain_n may_v bind_v his_o lord_n to_o the_o peace_n he_o can_v not_o kill_v he_o if_o he_o maim_v he_o he_o may_v be_v indict_v fine_v and_o ransom_v by_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la which_o be_v affirmance_n of_o the_o common_a law_n no_o free_a man_n be_v to_o be_v amerce_v but_o according_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o his_o offence_n misericordia_fw-la be_v the_o word_n use_v for_o amercement_n there_o must_v be_v mercy_n in_o it_o save_v his_o countenance_n salvo_fw-la contenmento_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o merchant_n save_v his_o merchandise_n the_o villain_n his_o wainage_n 11._o wainage_n chap._n 14_o glanu_fw-la l._n 9_o c._n 11._o no_o amercement_n be_v to_o be_v set_v here_o upon_o private_a man_n but_o by_o affeerour_n who_o be_v to_o affirm_v upon_o oath_n what_o penalty_n the_o offender_n have_v deserve_v as_o bracton_n to_o do_v thing_n fair_o neither_o carry_v away_o out_o of_o love_n nor_o hatred_n the_o writ_n of_o moderata_fw-la misericordia_fw-la of_o moderate_a amercement_n be_v ground_v upon_o this_o statute_n which_o it_o recite_v and_o give_v remedy_n to_o the_o party_n who_o be_v excessive_o amerce_v if_o the_o jury_n give_v excessive_a damage_n against_o any_o man_n attaint_n lie_v usury_n be_v not_o to_o run_v against_o the_o heir_n within_o age_n 56_o age_n stat._n mert._n c._n 56_o among_o the_o saxon_n it_o be_v unlawful_a hence_o where_o rent_n be_v to_o be_v double_v for_o default_n of_o payment_n it_o shall_v not_o be_v double_v during_o minority_n of_o the_o heir_n distress_n be_v to_o be_v reasonable_a and_o if_o there_o be_v any_o other_o chattel_n sufficient_a sheep_n and_o beast_n of_o the_o plough_n be_v not_o to_o be_v touch_v it_o will_v be_v infinite_a to_o go_v on_o i_o shall_v as_o we_o say_v not_o only_o want_v day_n but_o a_o long_a life_n be_v too_o short_a to_o make_v a_o survey_n of_o all_o the_o part_n to_o contract_v all_o the_o grace_n of_o this_o body_n and_o portray_v they_o so_o that_o they_o may_v be_v a_o little_a and_o
who_o death_n with_o so_o much_o infamy_n so_o often_o real_o before_o their_o eye_n can_v fright_v will_v never_o think_v any_o torment_n whatsoever_o where_o life_n be_v leave_v they_o though_o with_o more_o misery_n than_o can_v be_v speak_v terrible_a but_o it_o be_v think_v horrible_a and_o grievous_a that_o a_o man_n life_n which_o be_v invaluable_a in_o the_o law_n shall_v be_v take_v away_o for_o a_o thing_n of_o nothing_o for_o 12_o penny_n which_o say_v the_o most_o learned_a knight_n be_v the_o ancient_a law_n of_o the_o english_a nay_o for_o less_o by_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o the_o english_a i_o may_v say_v so_o king_n aethelstanes_n law_n begin_v with_o thief_n and_o speak_v thus_o first_o that_o man_n spare_v no_o thief_n so_o i_o render_v it_o according_a to_o the_o word_n who_o in_o the_o manner_n have_v in_o his_o hand_n take_v be_v above_o twelve_o year_n old_a &c_n &c_n above_o eight_o ponce_n c.r._n ponce_n c.r._n either_o eight_o penny_n or_o twelve_o penny_n the_o law_n be_v full_a of_o equity_n this_o king_n give_v a_o ram_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o preface_n as_o the_o saxon_a worth_a four_o penny_n that_o which_o as_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n sell_v heretofore_o for_o twelve_o penny_n will_v now_o be_v worth_a 20_o or_o 40_o s._n in_o the_o assize_n of_o bread_n long_o after_o the_o saxon_n in_o the_o 51_o of_o hen._n 3._o eight_o bushel_n of_o wheat_n be_v value_v but_o at_o twelve_o penny_n and_o although_o now_o the_o 12_o keep_v not_o the_o old_a rate_n but_o the_o modern_a yet_o thing_n be_v prize_v in_o trial_n of_o life_n far_o below_o their_o worth_n and_o no_o man_n lose_v his_o life_n but_o where_o the_o thing_n steal_v in_o estimate_n rise_v to_o more_o than_o many_o twelve_o pence_n that_o title_n of_o cosros_n among_o his_o other_o a_o king_n who_o hate_v war_n may_v just_o be_v give_v to_o our_o law_n peace_n the_o great_a blessing_n of_o this_o life_n and_o without_o which_o nothing_o else_o can_v be_v a_o blessing_n be_v everywhere_o provide_v for_o everywhere_o charge_v and_o command_v peace_n be_v command_v to_o be_v keep_v in_o the_o palace_n or_o hall_n of_o the_o king_n the_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o breach_n be_v the_o loss_n of_o all_o the_o offendor_n have_v and_o his_o life_n at_o discretion_n in_o the_o church_n the_o house_n field_n and_o town_n the_o mulct_n of_o wrangle_v be_v make_v 30.8_o 6_o 30.8_o ll._n ina._n c._n 6._o ll._n alfr._n c._n 7._o will_v edu._n then_z c._n 4._o ll._n etheldr_n c._n 6_o every_o man_n be_v to_o give_v pledge_n heretofore_o of_o his_o good_a behaviour_n the_o violation_n of_o faith_n so_o give_v be_v punish_v and_o be_v call_v breach_n of_o the_o peace_n every_o breach_n of_o the_o peace_n be_v such_o violation_n everyman_n house_n as_o the_o law_n since_o express_v it_o be_v to_o be_v his_o castle_n he_o who_o infringe_v the_o freedom_n or_o liberty_n of_o the_o house_n call_v râ—m_v soon_o by_o house_n break_v forfeit_v all_o he_o have_v and_o his_o life_n be_v to_o be_v at_o the_o king_n will_v 6._o will_v ll._n edm._n c._n 6._o grith_n or_o frithbrice_o be_v the_o term_n for_o breach_n of_o the_o peace_n king_n cnut_n in_o his_o law_n first_o will_n that_o god_n peace_n and_o the_o peace_n of_o the_o church_n be_v keep_v than_o his_o own_o 12.14_o own_o ll._n cnuti_n c._n 12.14_o and_o again_o we_o must_v provide_v for_o peace_n or_o the_o amendment_n of_o it_o most_o desire_a by_o dweller_n and_o most_o odious_a to_o thief_n 8._o thief_n c._n 8._o among_o the_o prerogative_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_a king_n be_v these_o breach_n of_o peace_n &_o house_n freedom_n 12.14_o freedom_n c._n 12.14_o the_o statute_n call_v westm_n the_o first_o speak_v let_v the_o peace_n of_o the_o land_n be_v maintain_v in_o all_o point_n the_o first_o of_o r._n 2._o let_v the_o peace_n be_v well_o and_o sure_o keep_v etc._n etc._n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n in_o the_o title_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 50_o of_o ed._n 3._o be_v these_o word_n to_o the_o honour_n of_o god_n and_o of_o holy_a church_n and_o quietness_n of_o the_o people_n which_o use_v to_o be_v the_o title_n of_o parliament_n 9_o parliament_n â—_o inst_z 9_o the_o statute_n of_o hen._n the_o 7._o concern_v justice_n of_o peace_n have_v that_o the_o subjecti_fw-la may_v live_v in_o surety_n uner_n his_o peace_n in_o their_o body_n and_o good_n inprimis_fw-la interest_n reipub_fw-la ut_fw-la pax_fw-la observetaer_fw-mi be_v a_o mixime_n of_o the_o common_a law_n affirm_v by_o parliament_n 158._o parliament_n 2._o inst_z 158._o in_o all_o action_n for_o any_o thing_n do_v against_o a_o statute_n law_n where_o the_o word_n vi_fw-mi &_o armis_fw-la be_v leave_v out_o yet_o the_o writ_n have_v contra_fw-la pacem_fw-la against_o the_o peace_n 9.50_o peace_n r._n 9.50_o every_o affray_v as_o mr._n lambard_n or_o put_v in_o fear_n be_v breach_n of_o the_o peace_n the_o law_n do_v not_o only_o make_v order_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o peace_n but_o as_o to_o the_o execution_n of_o the_o charge_n have_v appoint_v general_a and_o particular_a officer_n and_o minister_n to_o manage_v this_o part_n and_o to_o undergo_v this_o care_n the_o lord_n chancellor_n lord_n high_a steward_n of_o england_n lord_z marshal_z etc._n etc._n justice_n of_o the_o king_n bench_n say_v mr._n lambard_n have_v authority_n enclose_v in_o their_o office_n for_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o peace_n all_o england_n over_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o common_a plea_n be_v say_v to_o be_v conservator_n only_o in_o special_a place_n the_o master_n of_o the_o roll_n be_v a_o general_a conservator_n by_o prescription_n coroner_n and_o sheriff_n be_v to_o be_v conservator_n within_o their_o county_n justice_n of_o the_o peace_n instead_o of_o the_o ancient_a conservator_n antiquate_v be_v especial_o warder_n of_o the_o peace_n so_o be_v tithing_n man_n boroughead_n constable_n and_o petty_a constable_n in_o their_o limit_n as_o the_o first_o of_o ed._n 3._o 2._o 3._o 1._o e._n 3._o c._n 15.4_o e._n 3._o c._n 2._o in_o every_o county_n good_a man_n and_o lawful_a that_o be_v no_o maintainer_n of_o evil_a nor_o barretour_n in_o the_o country_n shall_v be_v assign_v to_o be_v justice_n of_o the_o peace_n as_o the_o 18_o of_o that_o king_n two_o or_o three_o of_o the_o most_o substantial_a man_n with_o other_o learned_a in_o the_o law_n as_o the_o 34._o a_o lord_n with_o three_o or_o feur_n of_o the_o most_o substantial_a etc._n etc._n by_o a_o statute_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o 6._o the_o justice_n must_v have_v land_n and_o tenement_n to_o the_o value_n of_o xx_o l._n by_o the_o year_n he_o be_v to_o be_v swear_v due_o and_o without_o favour_n to_o keep_v 7_o 13._o r._n 2._o c._n 7_o and_o put_v in_o execution_n all_o the_o statute_n and_o ordinance_n touch_v his_o office_n as_o by_o the_o jaw_n of_o all_o nation_n civil_a religion_n and_o the_o priesthood_n have_v their_o privilege_n and_o honour_n so_o no_o law_n ever_o favour_v piety_n and_o the_o church_n more_o than_o these_o and_o this_o full_o and_o so_o often_o that_o if_o it_o be_v make_v by_o any_o a_o objection_n of_o prejudice_n it_o can_v be_v deny_v it_o must_v be_v confess_v by_o all_o hand_n those_o of_o the_o roman_a new_a creed_n have_v in_o every_o age_n very_o clamorous_o and_o furious_o slander_v our_o law_n not_o only_o as_o short_a and_o imperfect_a but_o as_o unjust_a to_o be_v detest_v by_o all_o the_o faithful_a 101._o faithful_a becket_n in_o ma._n par._n 101._o such_o as_o without_o a_o save_a the_o honour_n of_o god_n and_o of_o holy_a church_n 492._o church_n hoved._n savil._n 492._o be_v not_o to_o be_v swear_v to_o against_o the_o faith_n as_o the_o bishop_n of_o rochester_n may_v be_v think_v to_o mean_v 1187._o mean_v graft_n 1187._o the_o exemption_n of_o the_o clergy_n take_v away_o by_o the_o law_n of_o clarendon_n where_o yet_o only_o the_o old_a law_n be_v restore_v be_v think_v as_o legal_a a_o impiety_n as_o heinous_a as_o can_v be_v yet_o bellarmine_n though_o a_o man_n more_o nimble_a than_o ten_o thousand_o becket_n dare_v not_o make_v it_o of_o divine_a right_n jure_fw-la divine_a valde_fw-la conform_v be_v as_o much_o as_o he_o think_v it_o be_v not_o of_o divine_a right_n that_o be_v too_o high_a not_o of_o humane_a that_o be_v as_o much_o too_o low_a but_o very_o conformable_a to_o divine_a right_n which_o be_v a_o ridiculous_a conforformity_n and_o make_v it_o neither_o the_o one_o nor_o the_o other_o within_o five_o year_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o 2._o there_o be_v above_o one_o hundred_o murder_n commit_v in_o england_n by_o priest_n and_o man_n within_o order_n so_o that_o it_o be_v time_n to_o take_v heed_n of_o these_o