the place is I confess so weighty that I shall not be unwilling to excuse him from refusing me his company in my travails to that double place in Sussex to seek out this Fort. No more then of the place Somewhat now of the name Anderida which still in good part survives in Andred did at least for and through many Centuries of years after the Romans exit The Britains called it Câ—id Andred the Saxons sometimes simply Andred other while Andredsâ—erg and Andredswald which latter is now the only syllable left surviving in the place's present name the Weald In latine it is found of old sometimes called saltus Andred otherwise sylva Andred here saltus communis there sylva regalis and the like Mr. Lambard discoursing of the place tells of an opinion which some have maintained that this Weald was a great while together in a manner nothing else but a desert and waste wilderness not planted with Towns or peopled with men as the outsides of the shire were but stored and stuffed with herds of deer and droves of hoggs only And he seems to be of the same opinion himself For saith he besides that a man shall read in the Histories of Canterbury and Rochester sundry donations of which there is mention only of Pannage for hoggs in Andred and of no other thing I think verily that it cannot be shewed out of ancient Chronicles that there is remaining in the Weald of Kent or Sussex any one monument of great Antiquity Thus he For my part as I embrace the opinion so I approve of the reasons especially the former the mention only in those ancient donations of Pannage for hoggs in Andred For numbers of such are found in the evidences and Chartularies both at Christ-church and elsewhere Doubtless as in those days the whole Weald appertained to none but the King acknowledging no private Lord or Proprietor and thence was usually called Syla Regalis so in Royal Lanâ—bocs or donations for I find it in no other of that age wherein this or that praedium or possession this or that farm seat or mansion out of the Weald was given by the King to any person or place in the nature of what since is termed a Mannor or Lordship it was the usual custom for the better completing of the feat to accommodate it by an additional grant in the Deed with a Common of Pannage a liberty for hogg-keeping or hogg-feeding in the Weald yet not at large but with a limitation usually and with reference to such and such a part of it one or more Den or Dens in their term i. e. a woody valley or place yeilding both covert and feeding for cattel especially swine And fearce any ancient Grant is there in either the Church of Canterbury's St. Augustine's or Rochester's Registers of any considerable portion of land from the King out of the Weald without the addition and attendance of such a liberty for example in those of Aldington Charing Liminge Westgate Reculver Ickham Chartham Godmersham Brook Mersham Westwell Great and Little Chart Hollingbourn Eastry Newington by Sittingbourn Trottesclyve Bromley Darent And Denbera for the most part sometime Wealdbera was the usual word and expression by which such a liberty did pass and was conveyed For an instance or two In King Offa's Grant of Ickham to Christ-church Anno. 971. Et in saltu qui dicitur Andred pascua porcorum in his locis Dunwalingden Sandhyrst c. In another like Grant of his of Brasfield to St. Austin's Et ad pascendum porcos pecora jumenta in sylvâ Regali c. In the gift of Lenham to the same place by Kenewilf King of Mercia and Cuthred King of Kent Anno 804. â— XIII Denbeâ—enbe on Anoneb So the Saxon which the Chronicler of the place turns XIII Dennas glandes portantes In a grant of land about the river Limen to Minster-Abby in Thanet by Ethelbert the son of King Withred with his father's consent Pascua porcorum in Limen-weraweald in Wy-wera-weald c. These were parcels it seems like as Burg-weraweald elsewhere occurring also was of the Weald where the men of these three Laths since called Shipwey Scray and St. Austine were more peculiarly accommodated with the liberty of Pannage In the Grant of Mersham to Christ-church by King Ethelred haec sunt pascua porcorum quae nostrâ linguâ Saxonicâ Denbera nominamus h. e. Elfrethingden Herbedingden Pafringden Wirheringden Bleccingden c. In the Grant of Bromley by King Ethelred to the Church of Rochester utilitatem sylvarum ad â—andem terram pertinentem in Andred c. In that of Trottesclyve to the same Church by King Offa Ad hanc quoque terram pertinent in diversis locis porcorum pastus i. e. Wealdbera ubi dicitur Hobenspyc c. In another of his of Deorwent now called Darent to the same Church adjectis Denberis in communi saltu c. In an old custom of Newington-Mannor by Sittingbourn septem Dennas in sylva quae vocatur Wald. From hence I take it there results much support to that opinion of the Weald's quondam desart-like unpeopled condition quoted by Mr. Lambard and hence I likewise gather that in those days it was not parcelled carved or canton'd out into Mannois nor indeed was it so as I believe a long time after Doomsday-book I take it giving no account of any one entire independant Mannor there Yet can I not agree with Mr. Lambard in his opinion that the Weald of old yielded no quit-rents customs or services as other places in regard I find the contrary very often And no marvel for albeit there were of old no Mannors in the Weald yet the lands lying there when once cultivated and manured being appendant to and depending on Mannors elsewhere the Tenants in respect of and proportion to their holdings and tenancies might be and were lyable to the Lord of the Mannor whereof they held for services and customs as other Tenants elsewhere For besides fealty suit of Court reliefs c. these among other local customs and services heretofore obtaining there do frequently occur Gavelswine which was a custom so called when pay'd in kind but if redeemed with money then called swine-mony swine-peny and was for the Lord's leave and sufferance of his Tenant to keep and feed swine of his own or to take in other men's to feed within his land Scot-ale which was a shot or contribution from the Tenants for a provision of Ale to entertain the Lord or his Bayliff or Beadle holding a Parock or meeting on the place to take an account of his Pannage what it yeilded at the proper season for it In the extent of the Mannor of Terring in Sussex Anno 5. Edw. the first under the title of Lewes Memor quod praedicti tenentes debent de consuetudine inter â—os facere Scotalium de 16d ob ita quod de singulis 6d detur
of that Western part of the Marsh at this day called Walland-marsh lying west-ward of Romney-channel the Eastern part or that on the other part of the channel called Romney-marsh and no more being formerly provided for by the Ordinance of Henry of Bath and his associates Nicholas of Handly and Alured of Dew in the 24th year of Henry the third we have that part of the Ordinance ushered in with this Preamble Et quia c. i. e. And because before that time in this Marsh of Romenal beyond the course of the water of that Port running from the Snergate towards Romenhal on the west-part of the same Port as far as to the County of Sussex there had not been any certain law of the Marsh ordained nor used otherwise than at the will of those who had lands in the same c. Not I say to insist on this because it brings the water-course but from Snergate not from Appledore let us now in the third and last place having brought the Channel to Romney shew if we can when it forsook it when and how it came to be diverted and whither which is the third Proposition For forsaken it hath insomuch as there is neither Haven Harbour or Channel neither in-let nor out-let near it but left quite dry it is and destitute both of salt and fresh water And indeed so long it hath been thus that without some difficulty the certain time is not retrievable nor may we think it came to pass all at once but at times and by degrees which we shall track and trace out as well as we can Gaufridus the Prior of Christ-church Canterb. in Henry the first 's time with his Covent made and passed many grants of Land at Appledore in Gavelkind with this covenant and tye upon the Tenants Et debent wallas custodire defendere contra friscam salsam quoties opus fuerit eas reparare firmas facere secundum legem consuetudinem marisci c. setting them but at small rents in respect hereof But I shall not insist on this and many such like any further than to note that the sea did much infest and endanger those parts with its aestuations and irruptions in those days Witness this demand in our Accompt-Roll of the Arch-bishop's Mannor of Aldington about the year 1236. In expensâ Iohannis de Watton Persona de Aldington per tres dies apud Rumenal Winchelse Apelder una cum seneschallo ad vidend salvationem patriae marisci contra inundationem maris 41s 4d This inundation was the same I take it with that mentioned of both the Matthews Paris and Westminster in that year The same Matthew Paris relating the hideous uncouth violent rage and aestuation of the sea in the year 1250. and the inundations consequent reports thus Apud Winchelsey c. At Winchelsey above 300. houses with some Churches by the seas violence were overturned In an ancient French Chronicle sometime belonging to the Church of Canterbury and written by a Monk of the place in Edw. 2d's days which I light on in Sir Simon Dews his Library I read thus And the same year 1286 on the second of the nones of February the sea in the Isle of Thanet rose or swelled so high and in the marsh of Romenal that it brake all the walls and drowned all the grounds so that from the great wall of Appledore as far as Winchelsey towards the South and the West all the land lay under water lost Mr. Camden I suppose intends the same inundation when he saith that in the reign of Edw. 1. the sea raging with the violence of winds overflowed this tract and made pitiful waste of people cattel and of houses in every place as having quite drowned Promhill a pretty Town well frequented and that it also made the Rother forsake his old Channel which here beforetime emptied himself into the sea and stopped his mouth opening a new and nearer way for him to pass into the sea by Rhie Hence followed that Ordinance of Iohn of Lovetot and his associates the very next year 16. Edw. 1. whereof before by the King 's writ to whom sent and premised they are assigned ad supervidendum Wallas c. i. e. to view the walls and ditches upon the sea-coasts and places adjacent within the County of Kent in divers places then broken through by the violence of the sea c. To proceed Mr. Lambard tells us of a strange tempest that threw down many steeples and trees and above 300 mills and housings there in the 8th year of Edw. 3d. about the year of Christ 1334. Now lay to all these what occurs in a Grant or Letters Patents from K. Edw. 3d. in the 11th year of his reign passing over to the then Arch-bishop the Prior and Covent of Christ-church and Margaret de Basings an old trench lying betwixt Appledore and Romney with licence at their pleasure to obstruct dam and stop it up as by reason of the sands and other imbelched obstructive matter made and become useless and unserviceable and so having then continued for 30 years past and upwards lay all this I say together and then it will be credible enough that the old trench was lost and disused upon that inundation about the year 1287. and the new one made and begotten by that other about the year 1334. being the same that is mentioned in the same Ordinance of Io. de Lovetot and his Associates Before we proceed take here the Grant it self in it's own words as I met with it in the Archives of that Church of Canterbury and thus there intituled Licentiâ Dni Regis super quadam antiquâ trencheâ apud Apulder habenda Dno Archiepiscopo Priori Conventui Ecclesiae Christi Cantuar. ac Dnae Margaretae de Passele prout eisdem melius visum fuerit esse expediens Anno regni ejus 11. Edwardus Dei gratiâ c. Here we find that by the seas impetuosity and rage the old â—rench was lost and a new one made and succeeded in the room both the old when in being and the new afterwards from Appledore to Romney the time we have also both of the one and the other's beginning And now as on the one hand some violent irruptions of the sea by the parts of Rye and Winchelsea had made way for the Rother's mingling her waters with that aestuary and the breaking off it's wonted course by Appledore and Romney so the in-let creek or haven at Romney wanting the river's wonted help to scour and keep it open what with that and the working of the sea still casting up and closing it with sands and beach became in time obstructed and for many ages hath been so quite dammed up that the sea now lyes off at a great distance and remoteness from the Town And thus far of those three Propositions To return now to our Port Lemanis whereof I have not more to
same time that aestuary although beginning somewhat early to put fair for it witness that Charter of Prior Wibert in Henry the first 's time providing for defence against the sea 's encroachment was not of so far and large extent into the land but then or about that time by the violence of that inundation rolling and reaching up as far as Appledore it not only kept its ground but laying hands on the Rother in her wonted course by those parts to Romney and without regard to poor Romney's detriment and damage by the loss of so advantageous a friend both to Town and Haven by no better title than that of a plain rape keeps possession of her enforcing her along in the same channel or torrent rather with her by Gilford so called from the gill gulel or rivulet there of old easily fordable to what in all likelyhood ows it's name to that Ree or channel Rye and so to what by its name betokens a waterish place seated in a corner as old Winchelsey was lying at the corner of Kent and Sussex Winchelsea making ever now and then bracks and breaches by the way to the prejudice of the level or low grounds near adjacent Whence besides what we have in that little Treatise called Ordinalia Marisci or for so it is entituled in English the Charter of Romney-marsh before remembred providing against such inundations and the damages consequent that Charter or Letters Patents granted and directed to certain Knights and other persons of quality in the 2d year of Henry the 5th to empower them for the repairing breaches past and preventing the like for the time to come in the parts betwixt Rye and Odiam-bridge whereof many other of like nature concerning other parts of the level in Mr. Dugdale's History of Imbanking c. But to return to Appledore Doomsday-book shewing it to be a Mannor belonging to Christ-church and as that which the Saxons called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 allotted ad cibum monachorum i. e. towards feeding of the Monks or towards their provision of sustenance thus speaks of it In Letâ—â—de Limware c. as in my Antiquities Would you see the first grant of it with some other places to the Church I shall here for a close of my discourse concerning this place present you with a true copy of it for a second taste and specimen of the mode and manner of the donations of that age and the rather that hereby you may see the vast difference between the candid simplicity and plainness of those elder times when conscience was accounted the best evidence and the serpentine subtilty of these justly taxed by that eminent Lawyer and Antiquary Mr. Selden when no conveyance but in folio when an acre of land cannot pass without almost an acre of writing such a voluminous deal as would in a manner if not serve to cover yet if cut in thongs as that Bull 's hide wherewith the circuit of what was hence to be called Thong or Thoang-Castle was said to be laid out would go near to compass it their honest meaning of old going further in point of security than our much writing now whilst their plain dealing supplied and made up what was wanting either in in matter of form or multitude of words 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Here appeareth in this writing how Cnut King and Aelfgife his Lady gave to Eadsy their Priest when he turned Monk that he might convey that land at Apuldore as to himself most pleasing were Then gave he it to Christ-church to God's servants for his soul and he it bought that of the Covent for his days and Aedwine's with four pounds on that contract that men deliver every year to Christ-church three weights of cheese from that land and three bundles of Eeles and after his days and Aedwine's go that land into Christ-church with meat and with men even as it then inriched is for Eadsie's soul and he bought that land at Werhorne of the Covent for his days and Eadwine's also with four pounds then goeth that land forth with the other after his days and Edwine's to Christ-church with the crop that there then on is and that land for his days at Berwick which he obtained of his Lord Cnute King and he gives also those lands at Orpinton in his days for his soul to Christ-church to God's servants for garment-land which he bought with eighty marks of white silver by Hustings weight and he gives also those lands at Palstre and at Wittresham after his days and Edwine's forth with the other to God's servants for foster-land for his soul. This bequest he giveth to the Covent on this contract that they ever him well observe and to him faithful be in life and after life and if they with any unadvisedness with him this contract shall break then stands it in his own power how he afterwards his own dispose will Of this is for witness Cnute King and Aelfgife his Lady and Aethelnoth Archb. and Aelfstan Abb. and the Covent at S. Austine's and Brihtric young and Aetheric husbandman and Thorth Thurkille's nephew and Tofi and Aelfwine priest and Eadwold priest and all the King's Counsellours aud this writing is threefold one is at Christ-church and one at S. Augustine's and one hath Eadsy with himself THE HISTORY OF THE Roman Forts in KENT THAT the Romans having once the supreme command in Britain had their Forts as well as Ports in Kent is evident enough by that Notitia Imperii Occidentalis that Roman Office-Book set out by Pancirollus where we find the names of Dubris Lemanis Anderida Rutupis and Regulbium under that notion All which our Antiquaries generally agree to be Kentish Roman garrisons or stations Gildas followed by Venerable Bede hath respect hither in that passage of his Epistle where giving an account of the Roman's care to provide against the invasions and infestations of such Barbarians and Saxons as annoyed this maritime tract he saith In littore quoque Oceani ad meridiem c. i. e. On the Southern coast of Brittain where the ships were because they feared from thence the Barbarians would make their in-rodes they placed Towers watch-towers at convenient distances to take from them a prospect of the Ocean I SHALL begin with the last Regulbium Hereof in that Book of Notices where the Leiutenant of the Saxon shore whose office it was with those garrisons to repress the in-rodes and depredations of the Rovers with such as are under his command is spoken of we read that the Tribunus cohortis c. The Captain of the Primier band of the Vetasians lay here in garrison Now to prove that by this name Regulbium what we now call Reculver is intended and to be understood will be no hard task For first that so it was is the common and received opinion and verdict of the whole College of our
1d â—b ad potandum cum Bedello Dni Archiepiscopi super praedictum feodum Pannage Pessona as they latin'd it and it was the emolument arising from the Pannage of hoggs there feeding and fatting with the mast of the place whereof tithe was in those days usually payd many old accounts as of Aldington Chariâ—â— and other Mannors taking notice of so much money received by the Accomptant for Pannage in Waldis deductâ decimâ Particularly one at Charing sans date thus expresseth it Et de LXXIâ— 1d de pannagio de la Rye Hirst 7. Dennarum vendito deductâ decimâ Et prâ—terea Rector habet XI porcos in pessonâ 7 dennarum quietas de pannagio Gate-peny it was a tribute for the liberty of one or more Gates for the Tenants ingress and egress to and from his own by the Lord's land Sumer-â—us-silver whereof in the old Custumal of Newington by Sittingbourn homines quoque de Walda debent unam domum â—estivalâ—m quod Anglice dicitur Sumerhus aut XX solidos dare If seems it was the custom of such as were Lords or Proprietors of these dens or parcels of the Weald to repair thither in Summer-time to take care and dispose of their Pannage in such years at least as it had taken and for their reception and accommodation some kind of house or habitation was to be provided for them by their Tenants or a recompence made them in money for it Corredy it was like that of our Dean and Chapter 's entertainment at this day a provision of dyet for the Lord 's coming upon that occasion whereof in the old Custumal of Iâ—kham-Mannor thus in reference to one or more of those dens Et in quolibet anno debet invenire Corredium omnia necessaria Domino cum venerit videre Pessonam vel famulo ejus Danger An accompt-roll of Charing-Mannor Anno 1230. thusâ—explains it Et de XXVIs VIIId de Waldis ut possint arare seminare tempore pessonis sinâ— dampno Archiepiscopi By this and the like passages it appears that the Wealdish Tenant might not plough or sow his land in Pannage-time without the Lord's leave whence it was otherwise termed Lef-silver for fear of endamaging the Lord in his Pannage or if he did he was liable to recompence Add hereunto that the Auditors of the Prior and Covent of Christ-church's Accompts of their Mannors in the Articles by which of old their Accompts were taken were charged with the two last and the third of these services under these heads De Courediis in Waldis De Dangeriis in Waldis De Pannagio in Drovedennis in Waldis The dens it seems set out for the agistment and feeding of hoggs and other droves of cattel being thence called Drove-denns as he that had the custody and driving of them to and fro as there was occasion the Hog-heard or Neat-heard Drof-mannus The Weald then 't is plain like as other places yeilded customs and services as at present from good antiquity whereof if these particulars be not evidence enough I shall in a way of supplement offer what I suppose will put it out of all dispute In Edw. the third and Richard the second 's time the then Arch-bishop of Canterbury and the Prior and Covent of Christ-church respectively amongst I suppose other like Lords and Owners of the Wealdish dens finding themselves agrieved by their Tenants there and others in the wasting and making havock of their woods which in and by former feoffments they had expresly reserved from their Tenants to themselves over and besides fealty suit of Court and certain other services and customs to quit and rid themselves of further care and trouble in that matter of the wood entred into composition with their Tenants and for a new annual rent of Assise generally equal to what money was pay'd before made the wood over to them by indenture of feoffment in perpetuity either to be cut down or left standing at the Tenant's choice reserving still their old or wonted rent and all their former services except what upon parting with the wood was unreasonable to require Pannage and Danger Ever since which time I conceive the interest of the Lord so compounding hath been taken off as to the wood it self and nothing left remaining but so much rent of Assise the new and the old with the former services Many of these compositions relating to the Arch-bishop and Monks aforesaid I have seen and for satisfaction 's sake of others who would be willing to know more than vulgarly of the Weald I shall for a close of all present them with a copy of one of each sort A CATALOGUE Of the LORD-WARDENS Of the Cinque-Ports 1 GOdwinus Edw. Conf. 2 Haroldus Edw. Conf. 3 Bertram Ashburnham K. Harold 4 Odo Will. 1. 5 John de Fiennes Will. 1. 6 James de Fiennes 7 John de Fiennes 8 Walkelinus de Magninot Steph. 9 Richard Earl of Ewe Steph. 10 Eustace Earl of Bollougne Steph. 11 Allen de Fiennes Henr. 2. 12 James de Fiennes Henr. 2. 13 Hugh de Essex Henr. 2. 14 Matthew de Clere Rich. 1. 15 William de Wrotham Iohn 16 Hubert de Burgo Iohn 17 Peter de Rivallis 18 Richard le Greie Henry 3. 19 Bertram de Criol Henry 3. 20 Hugh Bigot Henry 3. 21 Henry de Braybrook Henry 3. 22 Prince Edward afterwards Edward the first Henry 3. 23 Henry de Montefort Edw. 1. 24 Roger Leyborn Edw. 1. 25 Stephen de Penchester Edw. 1. 26 Sir Robert Aâ—hton Edw. 1. 27 Simon de Crey Edw. 1. 28 Robert de Burghersh Edw. 1. 29 Henry Cobham Edw. 2. 30 Robert de Kendal Edw. 2. 31 Bartholomew Badlesmer Edw. 2. 32 Edmund de Woodstock Edw. 2. 33 Hugh le Spencer Edw. 2. 34 William Clinton Edw. 2. 35 Reginald Cobham Edw. 3. 36 Bartholomew L d. Burghersh Edw. 3. 37 Roger de Mortimer Edw. 3. 38 John le Beauchamp Edw. 3. 39 Robert Herle Edw. 3. 40 Sir Ralph Spigornel Edw. 3. 41 Richard de Penbrig Edw. 3. 42 William L d. Latimer Edw. 3. 43 Edmund Plantagenet Edw. 3. 44 Edm. Earl of Cambrige Edw. 3. 45 Sir Robert Ashton Rich. 2. 46 Simon Burleigh Rich. 2. 47 Henry le Cobham Rich. 2. 48 Sir John Denros alias Devereux de Euros de Evers Rich. 2. 49 John de Beaumont Rich. 2. 50 Edmund Duke of Aumerle and York Rich. 2. 51 Sir Tho. Erpingham Henry 4. 52 Henry afterwards Henry 5. Henry 4. 53 John Beaufort Henry 4. 54 Tho. Earl of Arundel Henry 5. 55 Hump. Duke of Glocester Henry 6. 56 Sir James Fiennes L d. Say Henry 6. 57 Edm. Duke of Somerset Henry 6. 58 Humphrey Stafford Duke of Buckingham Henry 6. 59 Simon Montfort 60 Richard Nevill Edw. 4. 61 Will. Earl of Arundel Edw. 4. 62 Richard