Psalm 139. 21 22. Do not I hate them O Lord that hate thee And am not I grieved with these that rise up against thee I hate them with perfect hatred I count them mine enemies 23. v. Search me O Lord and know my heart try me and know my thoughts And yet hath it not gotten great footing amongst us and made wicked men get up the head and wickednesse to grow and abound every-where The wicked walk on every side when the vilest men are exalted Psalm 12. last verse 5. Article THe fifth Article speaks of Covetousnesse and Oppression the one as the root the other as the fruit and effect thereof We need not to insist to shew what a sin the love of the World and Covetousnesse is the Scriptures hold it forth as Idolatry Col. 3. 5. Mortifie therefore your members which are on the earth fornication uncleannesse inordinate affection evil concupiscence and covetousnesse which is Idolatry as the root of all evill 1 Tim. 6. 10. For the love of money is the root of all evil which while some men have coveted after they have erred from the faith and pierced themselves through with many sorrows As that which is inconsistent with the love of God 1 Ioh. 2. 15. Love not the World neither the things that are in the world If any man love the World the love of the Father is not in him As that which makes the Lord wroth with men Isai. 57. 17. For the iniquity of his covetousnes was I wroth and smote him I â—id my self and was wroth and he went on frowardly in the way of his heart And to abhor them Psalm 10. 3. The wicked boasteth of his hearts desire and blesseth the covetous whom the Lord abhorreth As that which brings the curse of God on them and on their families Hab. 2. 9 10 11. Wo to him that coveteth an evil covetousnesse to his house that he may set his nest on high that he may be delivered from the power of evil Thou hast consulted shame to thine house by cutting off many people and hast sinned against thy soul. For the stones shall cry out of the wall and the beam out of the timber shall answer it And though it have in it all these and many other mischiefs and evils yet hath it taken hold on and doth cleave closely to many of all ranks in the Land in their carriage and actings Do not the Body of the People spend their time in seeking after the things of a present world and according as they prosper or are crossed in these things accordingly do they think themselves happy or miserable And there be Ministers not a few that as they entered so do they follow the work of the Ministery for the things of a present world and are more for caring for these things then for the souls committed to their charge and more eager in pursuing an encrease and augmentation in these things then in pursuing the things that concern the beating down of Satans Kingdom and the promoving of the Kingdom of the Lord JESUS CHRIST And hence also it is as from a main cause that Ministers not a few prove unfaithfull in their duty and unsutable in a day of temptation rather choosing to forbear to reprove and censure the faults of these who may bring prejudice to them in things worldly rather then to offend them and rather choosing to become neutrall and indifferent or comply with evill courses then to hazard the losse of their stipends but especially the sad and wofull fruit of this wofull evill appears in Masters to their servants Landlords to their Tenents Magistrats and Rulers to these over whom they bear rule Judges to these who come before them Advocats and Procurators to their Clients Clerks Commissars and Collectors to these with whom they have to do Officers and Souldiers in the Countrey where they bear charge yea and amongst the Commons themselves where they have any power one over another The Lord hath forbidden to oppresse an hired servant and hath commanded at his day to give him his hire Deut. 24. 14 15. Thou shalt not oppresse an hired servant that is poor and needy whether he be of thy brethren or of thy strangers that are in the land within thy gates at his day thou shalt give him his hire neither shall the sun go down upon it for he is poor and needy and setteth his heart upon it lest he cry unto the Lord against thee and it be sin unto thee Yet behold the hire of the labourer is by many Masters keeped back violently fraudulently and this cryeth unto Heaven and is entred into the eares of the Lord of hosts Jam. 5. 4. Behold the hire of the labourer which have reaped down your fields which is of you kept back by fraud cryeth and the cryes of them which have reaped have entred into the ears of the Lord of sabbath The oppression of Landlords to their Tenents are so many and so exorbitant that they cannot easily be reckoned the Lands for the most part set by them at a dearer rate then the Tenents can pay the Duty and live in any tollerable condition themselves and therefore are they forced with their wives and children to drudge continually in the earth from morning till evening by which it comes to passe that their lives is but a kind of lasting bondage and slavery and that they have neither time nor encouragement for serving and seeking GOD themselves in their Families or for breeding their children in knowledge vertue and piety Secondly Beside the Rent of the Land condescended on they also lay on them many burdens and taxations in an arbitrary way by their Bailiffs and Courts and otherwayes at their pleasure such as services of all sorts beyond paction and agreement and quarterings and beside the putting out of the Foot and the burden thereof sometime the burden of putting out the Horse and the bearing of a great part or the whole Monethly Maintenance and Sesse Thirdly The giving of short Laces of Lands and removing them therefrom and taking away what they have when they grow poor and are not able to pay or else if they thrive by heightening and augmenting their Farms and Rent by which means it hath in the righteous judgment of GOD occasioned that Tenents in many places prove undutifull to their Masters and deny to them these things which in conscience and reason they are obliged to perform And for the Rulers albeit we be far from joining issue with these who from dis-affection to the Work of GOD and the Instruments thereof did traduce and speak evill of those whom GOD set over us in their charge and even in the imposing of the most necessary burdens and in the most moderate and equall way yet we cannot but acknowledge and bemoan the great reproach that hath been brought on the chief Judicatories of the Land and on the Work of GOD by the felfshness and particularity of some persons of note
CAUSES Of the LORDS WRATH against SCOTLAND Manifested in his sad late dispensations Whereunto is added a PAPER particularly holding forth the Sins of the MINISTERY Printed in the year 1653. Some General Heads of the Causes why the LORD contends with the Land agreed upon after seeking of the LORD by the Commission of the GENERALL ASSEMBLY 1650. with the advice of diverse Ministers from severall parts of the Kingdom met at Edinburgh October 1651. so far as for the present they could attain light therein which they offer and advise to be made use of by all the LORDS People in the Land leaving place to adde as the Lord shall make further discoveries hereafter of the guiltinesse of the Land and intending more fully and particularly to enlarge this Paper 1. Article THe grosse Atheisme and ignorance of God and of his Word and Works that is in a great part of the Inhabitants of the Land which is such that neither Law nor Gospel nor the most common and necessary points of truth are understood or known by many thousands 2. Article Horrible loosnesse and prophanity of Conversation in all sorts against the Commandments both of the first and second table which hath so abounded and encreased that scarce hath any of the Nations exceeded us therein 3. Article The despising and slighting of JESUS CHRIST offered in the Gospel which we look on as the chief and mother sin of this Nation and the not valuing and improving the Gospel and precious Ordinances of CHRIST unto the establishing and building up of our selves in the lively faith of CHRIST and power of godlinesse but either neglecting and despising these things altogether or else resting upon and idolizing outward and bare forms without studying to know in our selves or to promove in others the Kingdom of God which is righteousnesse and peace and joy in the Holy Ghost whereby it hath come to passe that persons not rightly qualified have been admitted unto and continued in the Work of the Ministery and Elderships and that publick repentance and Kirk-censures have been grosâ—ely slighted and the Sacrament of the Lords Supper fearfully polluted by the promiscuous admitting of many ignorant and scandalous persons thereto and many wilfully ignorant and openly and continuedly prophane have been keeped in the fellowship of this Kirk contrary to the Word of GOD and Constitutions of this Kirk and that many other sad and fearfull consequences have followed unto the prophaning of all the Ordinances of GOD and rendering them for the most part barren and fruitlesse to us 4 Art Not only the exercise of godlines in families much slighted great men being unwilling and ashamed to call on the name of the LORD in their Family which guilt is exceedingly heightned by the continuing of many of these in the same after solemn Publick confessing thereof and engaging to the contrary duty in the year 1648. and others much neglecting the same But also the loathing and hating of the power and life of Religion and godlinesse and bearing down such as make conscience thereof or aime at any perfection therein which hath come to such an height that the Godly are every-where reproached reviled oppressed and persecuted throughout the Land by sundry of all ranks yea by sundry Magistrates and Ministers and the ungodly and prophane countenanced encouraged and imployed 5. Article The base love of the world and Covetousnesse which hath made not onely the Body of the People but many Ministers more to minde their own things then the things of JESUS CHRIST and many Masters Rulers Magistrates Officers and Souldiers in Armies exceedingly to abuse their power unto the exercising of intollerable oppression of all kindes on the poor to the grinding of their faces and making their lives bitter to them Which fountain of Covetousnesse did also produce the great insolencies and oppressions in our Armies in England and Ireland and the fearfull perjuries in the Land in the matter of valuation and Excise 6. Article The abusing and prostituting the Publick Faith of the Kingdom in the way of borrowing of Money and otherwise unto the dishonouring of GOD mocking of Men and reproach of the Nation 7. Article In pursuing of necessary Duties of renewing the Nationall Covenant and entring into and renewing the solemn League and Covenant the way of many mens taking these Covenants was without the knowledge of the necessary things contained therein and without reality and sincerity of heart in order to the performance thereof some being induced thereto by example some by fear and not a few by principles of policy following their own carnall and corrupt ends 8. Article The Following the work of God and pursuing the ends of the Covenant not in a Spirituall holy way setting the LORD alwayes before our eyes and acknowledging him in all our paths but in a carnall politick way abusing GODS Interest for our own interest and ends as if it had been the Work of men and not the Work of GOD which made us walk more in the counsels of our own hearts then in the Counsel of GOD and to trust more in the arm of flesh then in the Arm of the Lord. 9. Article Backslyding and defection from the Covenant and from our solemn Vows and Engagements the guilt whereof is exceedingly heightned by the aggravating circumstances of our renewed Oaths and of the LORDS Mercies and Engagements and of our frequent relapses into the same sins whereof we once seemed to have repented and which we condemned in others Of this Defection there be these speciall heads and Steps 1. Step. A soul falling from that honesty of heart and purity of conversation and from the singlenesse and integrity of heart and from the fervency zeal for GOD that appeared to be in many at the first entry to the Covenant and declining into loose walking and self interest and neutrality and indifferency from which haue issued many sad consequences especially the great scandall and stumbling of many godly in the Land at us and the Work of God in our hand 2 Step. The sitting up of many Professors in the Land under the Gospel and becoming formall and remisse not entertaining tenderness spirituall life and soberness of minde which as it hath been amongst the provoking Causes of the LORDS wrath and hath rendered some obnoxious to snares on both hands so may it if it be not mourned for and amended draw on more wrath and expose to the hazard of errour and disaffection to the Work of GOD. 3. Step. The secret falling off of some and open falling away of many unto the opposite party after their entering in Covenant especially that defection carried on by Iames Graham his party and that which was afterward carried on by the Authors and Abettors of the unlawfull Engagement 1648. 4. Step. The neglecting obstructing and condemning the purging of the Judicatories and Army 1649. and afterward from scandalous and disaffected men and of the constituting the same of men of known integrity
and affection to the Cause and of a blameless and Christian Câ—nversation notwithstanding of the solemn publick Confession of these sins and Engaging unto these duties a little before that time 5. Step. The Authorizing of Commissioners to close a Treaty with the King for the investing him with the Government upon his subscribing such Demands as were sent to him after he had given many clear evidences of his disaffection and enmity to the work and people of God and was continuing in the same And the admitting of him to the full exercise of his power and Crowning him notwithstanding of new discoveries of his adhering to his former principles and way and of many warnings to the contrary 6. Step. The Rejecting of Discoveries of guiltiness and causes of the Lords contending with us and of our duty in reference therto such as the cause of humiliation offered by the Commission of the General Assembly to the Committee of Estates at Leith before the defeat at Dumbar The causes of humiliation condescended on at Sterlin immediately after the defeat at Dumbar The Remonstrance of the Gentlemen Ministers and Forces in the West and many other testimonies of Presbyteries and Synods together neglecting the means tending to peace and to the preventing the effusion of more blood from pride and bitterness of spirit against those who had invaded us 7. Step. The Publick Resolutions of Kirk and State for bringing in the Malignant party first to the Army and then to the Judicatories and to the actual intrusting of them with the power of the Kingdom both Military and Civil whereby the state of our cause is not only turned up side down by subordinating the interest of God to the interest of men but the work and people of God have been entrusted to the enemies thereof 8. Step. The joyning of many engaged in the Covenant and Cause of God in Arms with the Forces of the Kingdom after that by the Publick Resolutions there was a prevailing party of Malignants brought into the Army who had the sway of Counsels and Actings therein and were carrying on a malignant interest 9. Step. The pre-limiting and corrupting of the Gen. Assembly in regard of the free lawful and right constitution thereof excluding such as were faithful and constant in the Cause and making it up for the most part of those who had been active and instrumental in carrying on a course of Defection or were consenting thereto whereby it came to pass that that Meeting did ratifie and approve the Defection it self and did not only censure sundry for protesting against them but also laid a foundation for censuring all such Ministers and for keeping all such out of the Ministry who did not approve of their Constitution and Acts and did issue Warnings and Declarations reflecting exceedingly upon and contradicting and condemning former pious and warrantable proceedings and the instruments thereof 10. Article Deep security impenitency obstinacy and incorrigibleness under all these and under all the dreadful stroaks of God and tokens of his indignation against us because of the same so that whilest he continues to smite we are so far from humbling our selves and turning to Him that we wax worse and worse and sin more and more Having at our last Meeting intended and promised to enlarge more fully and particularly these Generall Heads of the LORDS Controversie with the Land then condescended on We shall now prosecute and perform the same so far as we conceive is needfull and may be helpfull to others for the better understanding thereof IT were superfluous to speak any thing to the 1. Article which relates to the grosse ignorance of many thousands in the Land the truth of the thing being unquestionably acknowledged and bemoaned by all the faithfull and godly Ministers in the Land and that a great many come to age are grosly ignorant of the first Principles of Christian Religion which sin of ignorance although it be extenuated and slightly looked on by many yet it is holden forth by the Holy Ghost in the Scriptures as the fountain of the estrangement of souls from the life of God Ephes. 4. 18. through the blindnes that is in them having the understanding darkned being alienated from the life of God through the ignorance that is in them because of the blindnes of their heart of all their disobedience and living in their lusts 1. Pet. 1. 14. as obedient children not fashioning your selves according to the former lusts in your ignorance And as that which makes them lyable to the wrath of God in the day of Christs appearance 2. Thess. 1. 8. When the Lord Iesus shall be revealed from Heaven with his mighty Angels in flaming fire taking vengeance on them who know not God and obey not the Gospel of our Lord-Iesus Christ. The guilt of this sin is much aggravated by these Circumstances 1. It is willfull under the light of the Gospel and the means of knowledge 2. In regard of long continuing therein many have lived under it for so many years together even till their old age 3. From the grossnesse of it being such in many as they know almost nothing of the very Letter of the Scriptures either of their sin and misery or of the mercy and remedy that is holden forth through Jesus Christ or of the dutie which they owe to God and their Neighbour nothing almost either of Law or Gospel of the Covenant of Grace or of the Covenant of Works of Commandments Threatnings or Promises except in such a generall and confused way as is altogether uselesse unto them and fruitless in them 4. In regard of the multitudes of these who lye under it which is very great in all the corners of the Land especially in the Highlands 5. In regard of the quality of persons who are not onely servants and Commons but Masters of Families and persons of some note in Burghs and in the Countrey yea not a few who have the place of Magistrates and Elders The Article doth also mention ignorance of the Works of God by which is meant not only the Works of Creation wherein the Eternall Power and Godhead are clearly seen Rom. â— 20. For the invisible things of him from the Creation of the World are clearly seen being understood by the things that are made even his eternall Power and Godhead but also the ignorance of the Works of Providence which are great and marvellous Rev. 15. 3. And they sing the song of Moses the servant of God and the song of the Lamb saying Great and marvellous are thy works Lord God Almighty just and true are thy wayes thou King of Saints And albeit these should be sought out of all these that take pleasure therein Psal. 111. 2. and the right understanding and observation of them hath a large promise made thereunto Psal. 107. 43. Who is wise and will observe these things even they shall understand the loving kindnes off the Lord. Yet doth the ignorance thereof exceedingly abound
amongst many especially the ignorance and not observing but forgetting the works of mercy and judgment which GOD hath wrought amongst our selves which sin as it proved an In-let to many other provocations from the 7 verse of that Psalm throughout so hath it great threatnings pronounced against it and sore judgments inflicted on it Psal. 28. 5. Because they regard not the works of the Lord nor the operation of his hands he shal destroy them and not build them up Isa. 5. 11 12. Wo to them that rise up early in the morning that they may follow strong drink and continue till night till wine inflame them and the wine and the pipe the viol the tabret and the harp are in their feasts but they regard not the work of the Lord nor consider the operation of his hands Psal. 106. 7. 13. 21 22. Our fathers understood not thy wonders in Egypt they remembred not the multitude of thy mercies but provoked him at the sea they soon forgot his works they waited not for his counsell Thy forgâ—t God their Saviour who had done great things in Egypt wondrous works in the land of Ham and terrible things by the redsea In this Article also Atheisme is joyned with Ignorance which as it is the root and fountain of all other sin Psal. 14. 1. The fool hath said in his heart there is no God they are corrupt they have done abominable works there is none that doth good So it is also the root and fountain of all misery Eph. 2. 12. At that time ye were without Christ being strangers from the Commonwealth of Israel and strangers from the Covenant of promise having no hope and being without God in the world And yet this doth possesse many there being multitudes of that wicked sort Psal. 10. 4. Who through the pride of their heart will not seek God God is not in all their thoughts These are far from acknowledging him in all their wayes and aiming at his glory in all their actions according to these divine rules Proverb 3. 6. In all thy wayes acknowledge him and he shall direct thy paths 1 Cor. 10. 31. Whether therefore ye eat or ye drink or what soever ye do in word or deed do all in the name of the Lord Iesus Christ giving thanks to the Father through him But they do live as if there were no God or as if he had forsaken the earth and did not see Ezek. 9. 9. Then said he unto me The iniquity of the house of Israel and Iuda is exceeding great and the Land is full of blood and the City full of perversnesse for they say The Lord hath forsaken the earth and the Lord seeth not Or as if the Lord would not do good or evill like these who are threatned Zeph. 1. 12. I will search Ierusalem with candles and punish the men that are setled on their lees that say in their heart the Lord will not do good neither will be do evill The Second Article THe second Article concerning loosnesse and prophanity is no lesse true and evident then the first it being undenyable that a floud of prophanity hath overflowed the whole Land and that the most part of the Inhabitants thereof have corrupted theirway before him unto the dishonouring of his Name reproach of our profession and provoking the eyes of his Glory Isa. 1. 2 3 4. 5. Hear O heavens and give ear O earth for the Lord hath spoken I have nourished and brought up children and they have rebelled against me the ox hath known his owner and the asse his masters crib but Israel doth not know my people doth not consider Ah sinfull Nation a people loaden with iniquity a seed of evill doers children that are corrupters they have forsaken the Lord they have provoked the holy one of Israel to Anger they have gone away backward why should ye be stricken any more ye will revolt more and more the whole head is sick and the whole heart is faint Ezek. 36. 21 22 23. But I had pity for my holy names sake which the house of Israel hath prophaned amongst the Heathen whether they went Therefore say to the house of Israel thus saith the Lord God I do not this for your sake O house of Israel but for my holy Names sake which ye have prophaned amongst the Heathen whither ye went and I will sanctifie my great name which was prophaned among the Heathen which ye have prophaned in the midst of them and the Heathen shall know that I am the Lord saith the Lord God when I shall be sanctified in you before their eyes Malach. 2. 11 12 13. Iudah hath dealt treaâ—herously and an abomination is committed in Israel and Ierusalem for Iudah hath prophaned the holinesse of the Lord which he loved and hath married the daughter of a strange god the Lord will cut off the man that doth this the master and the schollar out of the Tabernacles of Iacob and him that offereth an offering unto the Lord of hosts and this have ye done again covering the Altar of the Lord with tears with weeping and with crying out in so much that he regardeth not the offering any more or receiveth it with good will at your hands Isa. 3. 8. For Ierusalem is ruined and Iudah is fallen because their tongue and their doings are against the Lord to provoke the eyes of his glory The guilt of this abounding loosnesse and prophanity is so much the more heightned by these circumstances that do attend it First that it is under the clear light of the Gospel of the Word preached now for many years throughout the Land in purity and plenty Secondly that it is contrary to many solemn Vows Engagements Oaths and Covenants taken on us before God Angels and men to the contrary Thirdly that it is under many blessings mercies and deliverances from the Lord. Fourthly that it is under many chastisements rods and judgements especially the sword and pestilence by which two many thousands in the Land have been taken away within these few years Fifthly that it is common and universall and hath reached over all sorts of persons Noblemen Gentlemen Barons Burgesses Ministers and Commons Sixthly from the greatnesse of it shamelesnes of it avowedness and grossness of it which is such that many declare their sin as Sodome and commit all sorts of wickednesse with greedlnesse Seventhly from the kinds of it some of the chief and most common of which especially these who are not named in some other Article of the former Paper we shal here touch 1. Impatiencie murmuring and freting against God and his works which-hath made many to weary of the charges and expence they have been put to for the Gospel and to wish there had been no such thing as the entering into the Nationall Covenant and the renewing and entering into the solemn League and Covenant not to an few to curse and blaspheme the Covenants and to look on them as the rise and originall of all
the evils where with the Land hath been afflicted and it is an great provocation before God as it appears from these and the like Scriptures Numb 14 1 2 3 4 10 11 12. And all the Congregations lifted up their voice and weeped and cryed and the people weeped that night and all the children of Israel murmured against Moses and against Aaron and the whole Congregation said to them would to God we had died in the land of Egypt or would to God we had died in the wildernesse and wherefore hath the Lord brought us to this land to fall by the sword that our wives and our children should be a prey were it not better for us to return to Egypt And they said one to another let us makâ— a Captain let us return to Egypt then Moses and Aaron fell on their faces before the Assemblies of all the Congregation of the children of Israel but all the Congregation bade stone them with stones and the glory of the Lord appeared in the Tabernacle of the Congregation before all the Children of Israel And the Lord said unto Moses How long will this People provoke me and how long will it be ere this People beleeve me for all the signs I have shewed amongst them I will smite them with pestilence and disinherit them and will make of thee a Nation mighter and greater then they Numbers 2. 1. 5 6. And they journied from Mount Hor by the way of the Red Sea to compasse the Land of Edom and the soul of the People was much discouraged because of the way and the People spake against GOD and against Moses Wherfore have ye brought us up out of the Land to die in the wilderness for there is no bread neither is there any water for our soul loatheth this light bread and the Lord sent fiery serpents among the people and much people of Israel died 1 Cor. 11. 10. Neither be ye murmurers as some of them also murmured and were destroyed of the destroyer 2. Using not only of charmes though it be condemned in the Scriptures Deut. 18. 11. A Charmer or a consulter with familiar spirits or a Wizard or a Necromancer shall not be found amongst you for all that do these things are an abomination to the Lord yet is very frequent among the Commons But also Sorcery and Witchcraft which is an abomination Exod. 22. 18. Thou shalt not suffer a Witch to live Deut. 18. 10. There shall not be found amongst you any that useth Divination or any Iuchanter or any Witch especially amongst these who have been baptized in the Name of the Lord Jesus and yet doth by the great discoveries thereof which hath been of late appear to be very frequent in the Land 3. Ordinary swearing by them that are no Gods Ier. 5. 7. How shall I pardon thee for this thy Children have forsaken Me and sworn by them who are no Gods when I have fed them to the full Zeph. 1. 4 5. I will also stretch out my hand against Judah and all the inhabitants of Jerusalem and I will cut off the remnant of Baal from this place and the name of the Chemarims with the Priests and them that worship the host of heaven upon the house tops and them that worship and that swear by the Name of the LORD and that swear by Malcham such as Faith Truth Soul Conscience and by the holy and blessed Name of GOD Himself and by His Blood and Wounds and fearful Execrations and Cursings which though they be condemned forbidden and threatned in the Scriptures Exod. 2â— 7. Thou shalt not take the Name of the Lord thy God in vain Levit 19. 12. Thou shalt not swear by my Name fasly neither shalt thou prophane the Name of thy God I am the Lord. Matth. 5. 33 34 35 36 37. Again ye have heard it said by them of old time Thou shalt not forswear thy self but shalt perform to the Lord thy God thy Oathes But I say unto you Swear not at all neither by Heaven for it is Gods Throne neither by the Earth for it is His Footstool neither by Jerusalem for it is the City of the great King neither shalt thou swear by thy Head for thou cannot make one hair white or black But let your communication be Yea yea Nay nay for whatsoever is more then these cometh of evil Jer. 23. 10. For the Land is full of Adulteries because of Swearing the Land mourneth and the pleasant places in the wildernesse are dried up because their course is evil and their force is not right Zech. 5. 1 2 3 4. Then I looked and lift up miâ—e eyes and behold a flying Roll the length thereof is twenty cubits and the breadth thereof ten cubits Then said he unto me This is the curse that goeth over the face of the whole Earth for every one that stealeth shall be cut off as on this side according to it and every one that sweareth shall be cut off on that side according to it I will bring it forth saith the Lord of hosts and it shall enter into the house of the Thief and into the house of him that sweareth falsly by my Name and it shall remain in the midst of his house and shall consume the timber and stones thereof Yet these are so frequent and habitual amongst us that in many parts of the Land it is a rare thing to find a man or a woman that in their ordinary speech is not addicted to some one of these 4. Ordinary and gross prophanation of the Lords Day not only by slighting of and absenting from the Publick Worship with the Congregation which is a fault whereof many are guilty and not attending to the Word or joyning in Prayer and singing of Psalms when they are present but also by travelling trysting working speaking our own words and otherwise The danger and hainousness of this sin appears from Exod. 20. 8. Remember the Sabbath day to keep it holy Nehem. 13. 15 16 17 18. In those dayes saw I in Judah some treading Wine-presses on the Sabbath and bringing in Sheaves and loading Asses and also Wine-Grapes and Figs and all manner of burdens which they brought to Jerusalem on the Sabbath Day and I testified against them in the day wherein they sold victuals There dwelt men of Tyre also therein which bought fish and all manner of ware which they sold to the children of Juda and Jerusalem on the Sabbath then I contended with the Nobles of Juda and said unto them What evill thing is this which ye do and prophane the Sabbath day did not your fathers thus and did not our God bring all this evill on us and on this city yet ye bring more wrath on Israel by prophaning the Sabbath Isai 58. 13 14. If thou turn away thy foot from the Sabbath from doing thy own pleasure on my holy day and call the Sabbath a delight and the holy of the Lord. honourable and shalt honour him not doing thine
7 8. Speak unto the Children of Israel when a man or a woman shall commit any sin that men commit to do a trespass against the Lord and that person be guilty then they shall confess their sin which they have done and he shal recompence his trespass with the principal thereof and add unto it the fifth part thereof and give it unto him against whom he hath trespassed But if the man have no kinsman to recompence the trespass unto let the trespass be recompenced unto the Lord. even unto the Priest beside the Ram of atonement whereby an atonement shal be made for him It is appointed that offenders who have wronged others and were to be admitted to the trespass offering should not only make confession of their sins but also make satisfaction to the party to whom the wrong was done which satisfaction is a fruit of righteousnesse to which agrees that of Iesus Christ. Mat. 5. 23. If thou bring thy gift to the Altar and there remembrest that thy brother hath ought against thee vers 24. leave there thy gift before the Altar and go thy way and first be reconciled to thy brother and then come and offer thy gift In that publick penitentiall confession that is mentioned Ezra 10 10 11. Ye have transgressed and taken strange wives and increased the trespass of Israel now therefore make confession to the LORD GOD of your fathers and do his pleasure and separate your selves from the people of the land and from the strange wives There it not only a confession of the sin but a doing of the LORDS pleasure and a separating of themselves from the people of the land and from the strange wives Psal. 51. which was penned to be a testimony of Davids Publick Repentance for the scandalous sins of murder and adultery committed by him and was therefore committed to the chief Musician to be Published in the Sanctuary and Temple doth contain many not able Evidences of Repentance and Reformation And we see the Apostle Paul 2 Cor. 2. 7. doth not give charge to the Corinthians for the receiving the Incestuous person until he is in some appearance of hazard to be swallowed up with too much sorrow 7. verse Ye ought to forgive him and comfort him least perhaps such an one be swallowed up with over mâ—ch sorrow which doth argue that the Apostle thought a great measure of reall conviction and sorrow requisite in such an one before he ought to be received According to these Scriptures the first book of Discipline in the 7 head thereof requires that before scandalous persons be admitted to the Publick confession of their Repentance that there appear in them signes of unfeignedrepentance and the form and order of Publick repentance appointed by the Generall Assembly of the Ministers and Elders in the which they ought sharply to be examined what fear and terrour they have of Gods judgements and what hatred for sin and dolor for the same and what sense and feeling they have of Gods mercies in the which if they be ignorant they ought diligently to be instructed For it is but a mocking to present such to Publick Repentance as neither know what sin is what Repentance is what Grace is nor by whom Gods mercy and favour is purchased thereafter the offender shall be instructed in the Assembly so that he have some taste of Gods Judgements but chiefly of Gods Mercies through Jesus Christ he may be presented before the Publick Kirk And the Act of the Generall Assembly at Edinburgh 1596. March 26. That none falling in Publick scandall be received in the fellowship of the Kirk except his Minister have some appearance and warrand in his Conscience that he hath both a feeling of sin and an apprehension of mercy and for this effect that the Minister travail with him in Doctrine and private instruction to bring him thereto especially in the Doctrine of Publick Repentance which being neglected the Publick place of Repentance is turned to a mocking And the Acts of the Generall Assembly at Edinburgh 1649. provids that because many heretofore have made a shew and profession of Repentance who were not convinced of their guiltinesse nor humbled for the same but did therafter return like the dog to the vomite and with the sow to the puddle unto the mocking of God the exceeding great reproach and detriment of his Cause Therefore for the better discerning the truth sincerity of the Repentance of these who desire to be admitted to the Covenant and Communion it is appointed and ordained that none of the persons who are debarred from the Covenant and Communion shall be received and admitted thereunto but such as after tryal shall be found for some competent time either before or after the offer of their Repentance according to the discretion of the respective Judicatories to have in their ordinary conversation given reall testimony of their dislike of the late unlawfull Engagement and of all the courses and ways of Malignants and of their sorrow for their accession to the same and to live godly righteously soberly c. And reason also proves the same point for whether we take Publick Repentance in reference to the removing of scandal and offence given to the Kirk or in reference to the absolution of the party from the guilt of the same intimated to him by the Minister as the servant of Christ and in the Name of Christ on his Repentance it must alwayes be understood of such a profession of Repentance as doth evidence the reality and humility thereof in outward fruits for a real scandal cannot be removed by a bare and verbal profession without fruits neither can a minister with any perswasion of conscience make any intimation of mercy and pardon to him of the reality and sincerity of whose profession he hath no testimony in his carriage and conversation Yet notwithstanding of these things many scandalous persons of all sorts especially these who were prophane Malignants disaffected to the Work of GOD and his people this last year have been admitted to Publick Repentance on bare convictions of Repentance and sorrow without any reall evidence and fruit thereof in their carriage and conversation nay in many of them there was presumptions in the contrary which as it hath proven a snare to their souls so hath it exceedingly provoked God and stumbled the godly and rendered Kirk Censures and Publick Repentance base and contemptible The third consequence is That the Sacrament of the LORDS Supper hath been fearfully polluted and prophaned by the promiseuous admitting of many scandalous and ignorant persons thereto The truth whereof in the matter of fact as it hath been the constant burden and complaint of all the godly Ministers and people in Scotland these many years past so it hath been oft confessed in the Causes of solemn Fasts and publick Humiliation and particularly in that publick Acknowledgement of Sin that was made by the Kirk of Scotland in the year 1648. that it
lest they trample them under their feet and turn again and rent you As to the other how the Rule of the Word and Constitutions of this Kirk are keept in this particular it needs nor much be spoken the transgression being so palpable common that they who runs may read these particular faults may be taken notice of in order to this point 1. To say nothing that in some places few or none at all are excluded for ignorance but that persons being once come to such an age are admitted and being once admitted are never again excluded There is in many Congregations little or no care to examine or take any notice of the knowledge of all persons indifferently something being done in reference to servants and these of the poorer sort but masters of families and those of the richer sort for the most part neglected taking it for granted as it were that they have knowledge when indeed many of them are grosly ignorant and ought because of their ignorance to be debarred 2. That the bare repeating of the Lords Prayer the Belief or ten Commandements or answering a Question or two of the Catechisme by rot-rime as we say when nothing of the meaning is understood is by many taken for knowledge sufficient 3. There is not sufficient care to take notice of all scandals and scandalous persons in which respect there is a twofold gross neglect 1 That the scandal of omission of Duty is not taken notice of as well as the scandal of commission of sin notwithstanding that the Acts and Constitutions of the Kirk make express provision for the one aswel as for the other as may be seen in their Acts against these who absent themselves on the Lords day from the Publick Worship of God and against masters of families who neglect to pray in their family and others of that nature 2. The many scandals of commission are also neglected it being a custom in many Congregations to take notice only of Fornicators and Adulterers and workers on the Lords day and such as these but do neglect Tiplers Drunkards Swearets Lyars Deceivers of their Neighbors Fighters Oppressors Extortioners Covetous persons and many others who walk contrary to the Gospel whereas it is expresly provided by the Discipline of this Kirk in the year 1587. that if the Eldership perceive any thing in the Congregation either evil in the example or scandalous in manners and not beseeming their profession whatsoever it be that may spot the Christian Congregation yea rather whatsoever is not to edification ought not to escape admonition or punishment or higher degree of Kirk-Censure as 2 Cor. 2. 6. Sufficient to such a man is this punishment which was inflicted of many 3. That many such as have been judicially convicted of scandalous faults are pressed and received into a publick profession of Repentance when as indeed there is no real evidences of Repentance yet by a profession therof are put in a capacity to come to the Lords Table By these waies it comes to pass that many ignorant and scandalous persons are admitted who ought to be excluded which certainly is a fearful sin as may appear in these and many other respects 1. It hinders many poor souls from searching after knowledge and from departing from iniquity and hardens them in their ignorance and lewdness 2. It causeth them to prohane the precious bloud of the Covenant and to eat and drink damnation to themselves 3. It makes the ignorant and scandalous promiscuously partakers of the seals of the Covenant of Grace with the truly godly 4. It provokes the Lord to depart from his Ordinances and forsake his Temple because of such dishonour to his Name 5. It brings on the judgment of God on particular persons and the whol Land Lastly it grieves and stumbles the godly amongst our selves and exposes our selves and the Ordinances of Christ therein to contempt and reproach amongst others The Fourth Consequent which is named to follow on the resting upon outward and bare forms is the keeping in of many continually openly profane in the fellowship of this Kirk by which is meant the neglect of casting out such from the fellowship of the kirk by the sentence of excomunication for certainly these who do wilfully continue in their ignorance from year to year slighting the means of knowledge and refusing to be instructed or to learn the way of the Lord And these who do continue in an open course of prophanity making a profession of repentance and still persisting in their wicked way after sufficient pains taken on them and their slighting other inferior Kirk Censures ought to be casten out as dry and withered corrupt and rotten branches and not to be looked as Members of the Kirk of GOD. Num. 15. 30. But the soul that doth ought presumptuously whether he be born in the Land or a stranger the same reproacheth the Lord and that soul shall be cut off from amongst his People Psal. 50. 16 17. But to the wicked God saith What hast thou to do to declare my Statutes or that thou shouldest take my Covenant in thy mouth seeing thou hatest instruction and casteth my Words behinds thee Mat. 18. 18. Verily I say unto you Whatsoever you shall bind on Earth shall be bound in Heaven And therfore it is provided in the old Acts of the Assembly of this Kirk that who will stubbornly remain ignorant in the principal points of Salvation shall be Excommunicated And that every Master of Family shall be commanded either to instruct his Children and Servants or cause them be instructed and if they will not the Kirk shall proceed against them The Gen. Assembly at Edinburgh in the year 1648. in the Overtures for the remedy of Grievances and common Sins of the Land provided That persons often guilty of gross scandals be Excommunicated more summarily then ordinary Process except there be more then ordinary signs an eminent measure of repentance made known to the Sessions and Presbyterie Besides these four the Article also mentions many other sad and fearful consequents unto the prophaning of all the Ordinances of God and rendring them bare barren and fruitless to us And there is no question but that formality in profession and resting upon and idolizing outward and bare forms brings out many sad consequents besides these such as the slighting by many and mocking by some the work of the Spirit not seeking after communion and fellowship with God in Ordinances not studying to know and be humbled for the iniquity of our Holy things not seeing a need and imploying of JESUS CHRIST for strength and acceptance in all our performances and turning the living God to a dumb Idol and many others that are mentioned and spoken to in that Paper published by the Commssion concerning the contempt of the Gospel The Fourth Article The fourth Artcle hath two parts the first whereof relates to the neglect of Family-worship which though it be a grievous sin which provokes the
Lord to pour out his wrath on a People Ier. 10. 25. Pour out thy fury on the Heathen that know thee not and on the families that call not on thy Name Yet there be many Masters of Families amongst all ranks of persons Noblemen Barons Gentlemen Burgesses Commons and even some Ministers who lie under the guilt nay there be but few in which the plurality will not be found to neglect or never to have practised the Duty Instance is given in the Article of Great men Nobles Barons Gentlemen and Burgesses of special note because very few are to be found amongst these who make conscience to call on the Lords Name in their Families some of them turning over the Duty wholly on a Chaplain or some other person in the Family and others of them having no such Duty in their Families performed at all either by themselves or by any other they being either unable or ashamed and unwilling to do it whereas great and eminent persons have accounted it their duty and glory and have followed it with much conscience and care as may be instanced in Abraham Gen. 18. 19. For I know him that he will command his children and his houshold after him and they shal keep the way of the Lord to do justice and judgement that the Lord may bring on Abraham that which he hath spoken of And in Ioshua 24. 15. And if it seem evill unto you to serve the LORD choose you this day whom ye will serve whether the gods that your fathers served who were on the other side of the floud or the gods of the Amorites in whose Land ye dwel but as for me and my house we will serve the LORD And in David 2 Sam. 6. 20. Then David returned to bless his houshold This woful neglect of so necessary and profitable a duty especially in the Families of great Ones usually attended with the neglect of catechising and instructing of Children and Servants in the way of the Lord and pressing and exercising them unto Prayer and other religious Duties as it is a great sin before God the height where of is encreased by their continuing therein after solemn publick confession thereof and engaging to the contrary in the year 1648. and is expresly to be seen in the solemn publick confession of sins and engagement to duties so it is the cause of much ignorance of God Atheism and loosness prophanity disorder and discontent that is in Families and not only proves a binderance to the spreading of piety amongst others who walks after their example but also stops the course of the Lords blessings on themselves and on their Families and brings down upon them many judgments and curses from the Lord. The other part of the Article relates to the loathing and hating of godliness and the reproaching reviling oppressing and persecuting the godly A sin as it is great in it self Gen. 21. 9. And Sarah saw the son of Hagar the Egytian which she had born unto Abraham mocking Gal. 4. 28. Now we brethren as Isaac was are the children of promise But as then he who was born after the flesh persecuted him who was born after the Spirit even so it is now Ps. 14. 6. Ye have sâ—amed the counsel of the poor because the Lord is his refuge Isa. 8. 18. Behold I and the children whom the Lord hath given me are for signs and for wonders in Israel from the Lord of Hosts who dwelleth in Mount Sion Act. 9. 4 And he fell to the earth and heard a voice saying to him Saul Saul why persecutest thou me And drawes down a recompense of tribulation from the Lord. 2 Thess. 1 6 Seeing it is a righteous thing with the Lord to recompense tribulation to them which trouble you so it seems to be a monstruous sin amongst a People making profession of Reformation and who are so often covenanted to God in so solemn a way and yet hath it prevailed and abounded exceedingly this year by gone in Court in Country in Cities in Judicatories in the Army and every where throughout the Land A man was made an offender for a word and he that departed from iniquity made himself a prey It was quarrel enough not to have run with others to the same excess of riot They who would not be disaffected and disolute behooved to be esteemed enemies to their Country they who studied to make conscience of holy Duties and keep their integrity were slandered as Sectaries and complyers with Sectaries and were not only exposed to the scourge of tongues but also to the violence and oppression of malignant graceless and prophane men Neither were Magistrates and Ministers free of this sin but even sundry of these who ought to have protected encouraged and countenanced the godly were as pricks in their eyes and thorns in their sides not only by withdrawing their countenance from them giving way to others to revile oppress and persecute them but by imploying their own gifts and power in Judicatories and Pulpits and otherwaies for keeping them down and making them hateful and odious to others amongst whom they liue And whilest we are speaking of these things We cannot but mention the great prejudice and enmity which many Ministers had against the exercises of godliness and duties of mutual edification together with the great blot brought upon piety and the great blow given to the exercise of godliness by the Act of the Assembly at Aberdeen not repented of by the Kirk of Scotland nor repealed to this day and the great neglect of the duties of mutual edification amongst the Lords Ministers and People after there was allowance given for the same by the following Assemblies and the suffering of many giftless and unprofitable Ministers not gifted of God to edifie his People to continue in the Ministry whereby it comes to pass that many gracious People were necessitated either to want edification in the Publick Ordinances or to fall under the censure of such Acts made against such as did usually withdrawe from the Ordinances and Ministry of their own Parish Churches This sin of hating and bearing down the power of godliness and persecuting the godly was accompanied with another which is mentioned also in the Article to wit The countenancing and employing the ungodly and prophane a thing that the godly mans soul abhorred Psa. 26. 1 2. 3 4. Iudge me O Lord for I have walked in mine integrity I have trusted also in the Lord therefore I shall not slide Examin me O Lord and prove me try my heart and my veins For thy loving kindnesse is before mine eyes and I have walked in thy truth I have not sit with vain persons neither will I go with dissemblers c. And so throughout the Psalm Psalm 101. 4 5. A froward hear shall depart from me I will not know a wicked person Whoso privily slandereth his neighbour him will I cut off Him that hath a proud heart and an high look will I not suffer
prisoners and they shal fall under the stain for all this his anger is not turned away but his hand is stretched out still Isa. 33. 15. He that despiseth the gain of oppression that shaketh his hands from holding of bribes that stoppeth his ears from hearing of bloud and shutteth his eyes from seeing evil He shal dwell on high his place of defence shal be the munitions of rocks Jer. 6. 6 7. For thus hath the Lord of Hosts said Hew ye down trees and cast a mount against Jerusalem this is the City to be visited she is wholly oppression in the midst of her As a fountain casteth out her waters so she casteth out her wickedness Violence and spoil is heard in her before me continually is grief and wounds Jer. 5. 26. For amongst my People are found wicked men they lay wait as he that setteth snares they set a trap they catch men Versâ— 27. As a cage is full of birds so are their houses ful of deceit therefore are they become great and waxen rich Vers. 28. They are waxen fat they shine yea they overpass the deeds of the wicked they judge not the cause of the fatherless yet they prosper and the right of the needy do they not judge Verl 29. Shall I not visie for these things saith the Lord shal not my soul be avenged on such a Nation as this Jer. 22. 13. Wo to him that buildeth his house by unrighteousness and his chambers by wrong that useth his neighbours service without wages and gives him not for his work Vers. 14. That saith I will build me a wide house and large chambers and cutteth him out windows and it is cieled with cedar and painted with vermilion Vers. 15. Shalt thou reign because thou closest thy self in cedar did not thy father eat and drink and do judgment and justice and then it was well with him Vers 16. He judged the cause of the poor and needy then it was well with him was not this to know me saith the Lord V. 17. But thine eyes and thine heart are not but for thy covetousnes and for to shed innocent bloud and for oppression and for violence to do it Ezek. 22. 13. Behold therefore I have smitten mine hand at thy dishonest gain which thou hast made and at the bloud which hath been in the midst of thee Vers. 29. The People of the Land have used oppression and exercised robbery and have vexed the poor and needy yea they have oppressed the stranger wrongfully Hos. 7. 1. When I would have healed Israel then the iniquity of Ephralm was discovered and the wickedness of Samaria for they commit falshood and the thief cometh in and the troups of robbers spoil without Amos 3. 10. For they know not to do right saith the Lord who store up robbery and violence in their palaces ver 11. Therefore thus saith the Lord God An adversary there shal be even round about the Land and he shal bring down thy strength from thee and thy palaces shal be spoiled ver 15. And I will smite the winter house with the summer house and the houses of I very shall perish and the great houses shall have an end saith the Lord. Mic. 3. 11. The Heads thereof judge for reward and the Priests thereof teach for hire and the Prophets thereof divine for money yet will they lean on the Lord and say Is not the Lord amongst us none evil can come upon us ver 12. Therefore shall Sion for their sakes be plowed like a field and Jerusalem shal become heaps and the Mountain of the House as the high places of the Forrest Zeph. 3. 1 Wo to her that is filthy and polluted to the oppressing City ver 3. Her Princes within her are roaring Lions her Iudges are ravenous Wolves they gnaw not the bones til the morrow vers 8. Therefore wait ye upon nie saith the Lord til I rise up to for the prey my determination is to gather the Nations that I may assemble the Kingdoms that I may pour out on them mine indignation even al my fierce anger for all the Earth shal be devoured with the fire of my jealousie Zeph. 1. 9. In the same day will I punish all them who leap on the threshold who fill their masters houses with violence and deceit Exod. 2 2. 21 22 23 24. Ye shal neither vex a stranger nor oppress him for ye were strangers in the Land of Egypt Thou shalt not afflict any widow or fatherless child if thou afflict them in any wayes and they cry â—t al unto me I will surely hear their cry and my wrath shall wax hot I will kill you with the sword and your wives shall be widows and your children fatherless The Sixth Article The sixth Article relates to the abusing and prostituting the Publick Faith of the Kingdom in the way of borrowing of Monies and otherwise which no question is not one of the least provoking Publick sins in the Land As private men ought so far to have their faith and credit in estimation for the love of righteousness and truth as not to engage the same but when they do sincerely intend and really endeavor to perform what they promise so much more ought publick persons and the Judicatories of a Land have such regard to the Publick Faith of a Nation as not to engage the same but when there be some real purposes and honest endeavors to fulfil it Because the prostituting and breach of Publick-Faith as it is an high provocation before God so it is a great deal more pernitious reproachful slanderous and injurious and of a worse example amongst men especially when it becomes common and is used as a state engine to draw in mens propriety from them under a vail and shadow of righteousness and is attended with a kind of conslraint upon men to take the Publick Faith for security as it was in this Land Job 15. 4. Yea thou castest off fear and restrainest prayer before God Psalm 37. 21. The wicked borroweth and payeth not again but the righteous sheweth mercy and giveth Isa. 59. 12 13 14. For our transgressions are multiplied before thee and our sins testifie against us for our transgressiont are with us and as for our iniquities we know them In transgressing and lying against the Lord and in departing away from our God speaking oppression and revolt conceiving and uttering from the heart words of falshood And judgment is turned away backward and justice standeth a faa off for truth is fallen in the street and equity cannot enter Yea truth faileth and he that departeth from evil maketh himself a prey Aud the Lord saw it and it displeased him that there was no judgment The Seventh Article The seventh Article mentions two sins that many of this Land are guilty of in their first taking of the National Covenant and solemn League and Covenant and renewing thereof The first whereof is The ignorance that was in many or the want of the necessary
knowledge of the things contained in the Covenants The Lord requires of al those that take an oath That they do it in judgment Jer. 4. 2. And thâ—u shalt swear The Lord liveth in truth in righteousness and in judgment and the Nations shall bless themselves in him That is That they take it with such a measure of discretion judgment and understanding as is needful for men in their station in order to the Duty which by their Oath they tie themselves to But it is beyond question that many in the Land do swear these Covenants without the knowledge and understanding of the heads thereof so far as was needful for them in their station who when they were catechised on the particulars do know little or nothing thereof Which no doubt is one cause why they have so little minded and followed and do so little mind and follow the duties contained therein Jer. 5. 4. And I said Surely these are poor they are foolish for they know not the way of the Lord nor the judgment of their God The other is The taking of these Covenants without reality and sincerity in order to the performance thereof Which was to swear not in truth as the Lord requireth Jer. 4. 2. And thou shalt swear The Lord liveth c. not falsly Hos. 10. 4. They have spoken words swearing falsly making a Covenant thus judgment springeth up as hemlock in the furrows of the field And with an heart that was not right therfore have they not been stedfast in the Covenant Psal 78. 36 37. Nevertheless thâ—y did flutter him with their mouth and did lye to him with their tongues for their heart was not right with him neither were they stedfast in his Covenant The judgments therefore mentioned to have been in some example in others fear and in not a few principles of policy for attaining their own ends Other bad principles certainly there were in sundry persons be side these but these are mentioned as the most common and which haâ—â—â—way with most of these who were guilty either of ignorance or of hypocrisie in the entering into these Covenants Many did take the National Covenant in example of others it being counted praise-worthy and commendable after such a defection as was then in the Land to engage in such a duty and to be reckoned amongst the repairers of the breach Many did take the solemn League and Covenant for fear because the refusing to take it was attended both with Ecclesiastical and Civil Censures and therefore did they rather choose to hazard on the OATH of GOD then to run these hazards amongst Men which doth not yet condemn the injoyning the taking of these Covenants upon a good and warrantable principle It is lawfull for the Judicatories of a Kirk and State to injoyn to men cohabitation with their wives and to children obedience to their Parents to subjects obedience to their Magistrates and suchlike under such respective relations Yet as these persons sin against God if they give obedience only from a principle of carnal fear neither doth the influence that these relations have on them make the commanding of these things under those relations to be a sin because they are in themselves duties which are commanded of God the neglect whereof may in regard of scandall be censured by the Kirk and in regard of the prejudice that redounds to the honour of God and good of our neighbour be punished by the civil Magistrate In taking of both Covenants though there were many whom a principle of the fear and love of God did move yet there were not a few whom after-discoveries have made manifest who were acted thereto by carnall wisedome and policie for attaining their own base and corrupt ends such as riches places of preferment and lively hood and ease and hence mainly hath issued that sin which followes in the next Article The eighth Article The following of the Work of God pursuing the ends of the Covenant not in a holy and spirituall way setting the Lord alwayes before our eyes and acknowledging him in all our paths according to the direction given us of God which hath the promise of the Blessing Psalm 37. 5. Commit thy way to the Lord trust also in him and he shall bring it to passe Prov. 3. 5 6. Trust in the Lord with all thine heart and lean not to thy own understanding in all thy wayes acknowledge him and he shal direct thy paths But in a carnall politick way abusing Gods Interest for our own interest and ends is a fearfull transgression howsoever it is often palliated with specious pretences as Iehu his zeal against the house of Ahab 2 Kings 10. 16. Come with me and see my zeal for the LORD so they made him ride in his chariot Yet the Lord doth not suffer it to go unpunished Hos. 1. 4. And the LORD said unto him Call his Name Iesreel for yet a little while and I will avenge the bloud of Jesreel on the house of Jehu and will cause to cease the Kingdom of the hous of Israel v. 5. And it shall come to passe in that day that I will break the bow of Israel in the valley of Jesreel 1. Consequent Two Consequents of this carnal way are mentioned the one is the walking in the way of our own hearts more then in the Counsel of God For when mens hearts are not single and streight in reference to the glory of God they love not to walk according to the simplicity of the Word of God but turns aside to their crooked ways to chuse such carnal midses as seem most plausible to their carnal hearts for compassing their corrupt ends a siu that was confessed in the publick solemn Confession of sins in the year 1648. And yet never have these crooked paths been more troden in and these counsels of flesh and blood been more hearkened to then since that time which is one of the causes why the sword doth abide in our cities and consume our branches and devours For this the Prophet threatens against Israel because of their own counsels The other Trusting more in the arm of flesh then in the arm of the Lord which hath been a constant and continued sin in this Nation these years past in doting on multitudes skill and abilities of men and numbers and strength of horses whence have issued the corrupt mixtures in our Armies and the imploying of all ranks of persons how malignant and prophane soever what wonder then though our Armies have not prospered but have oftentimes met with a curse in stead of a blessing Jer. 17. 5 6. Thus saith the Lord Cursed be the man that trusteth in man and maketh flesh his arm and whose heart departeth from the Lord for he shall be like the heath in the desart and shall not see when good cometh but shall inhabit the parched places in the wilderness in a salt Land and not inhabited From this same fountain hath proceeded needless alienation of
mind and estrangedness of heart on the least difference in judgment amongst Brethren often attended with passion and spleen Which makes our affection rather to favour our own image then the Image of Christ in others and our zeal against malignancie and error did divers times break forth into bitterness and reproach against the persons that did turn aside whereas it ought to have been accompanied with Christian meekness and compassion The Ninth Article The Ninth Article specifies one of the greatest and most comprehensive and provoking sins in this Land viz. Backsliding and defection from the Covenants and our solemn Vows and Engagements For attaining a right impression thereof We desire that these and other seruples of that kind may be seriously and impartially thought on and applied Prou. 14. 14v The back sider in â—eare shâ—ll be filled with his own wayes and a good man shall be satisfied from himself Ier. 3. 20. Surely â—as a wife treacherously departeth from her husband 〈…〉 you 〈◊〉 treacherously with me O house of Israel saith the Lord. Ier. â— â— Moreover thou shalt say 〈◊〉 them thus saith the Lord Shal they fall and not arise shal be turn away and not return v. 5. Why then is this People of 〈◊〉 aloâ—â— slidenback by a perpetual back sliding they hold fâ—st deceit they refuse to return v. 6. I hearkened and heard but they spake not aright no man repented him of his wickedness saying What haue I done everyone turneth to his course as the 〈…〉 with into the battel v. 7. Yea the stork in the Heavens knoweth her appointd times and the turtle and the crane and the swallow observe the times of their coming but my People know not the Iudgment of the Lord. v. 8 How do ye say We are wise and the Law of the Lord is with us 〈◊〉 certainly in vain made he it the pen of the Scribe is in vain v. 9. The wise men are ashamed they are dismaied and taken lo they have rejected the Word of the Lord and what wisdom is in them Hos. 11. 7. My People are bent to backsliding from me though they called them to the most high none at all would exalâ— him Ier. 5. 6. Wherefore a Lion out of the forrest shall slay them and a Wolf of the evening shall spoil them a Leopard shall watch over their Cities every one that goeth out thence shall be torn in pieces because their transgressions are many and their back slidings are encreased Levit. 26. 15. And if ye shall despise my Statutes or if your soul abhor my judgements so that ye will not do all my Commandements but that ye break my Covenant v. 16. I also will do this unto you I will even appoint over you terrour consumption and the burning-ague that shall consume the eyes and cause sorrow of heart and ye shall sow your seed in vain for your enemies shall eat it v. 17. And I will set my face against you and ye shall be slain before your enemies and they that hate you shall reign over you and ye shall flee when none pursueth you v. 35. As long as it lieth desolate it shal rest because it did not rest in your sabbaths when ye dwelt upon it Deut. 29. 23 24 25. And that the whol Land thereof is briniston and salt and burning that it is not sowen nor beareth nor any grass groweth thereon like the overthrow of Sodom Gomorrah Admah Zeâ—oim which the Lord overthrew in his anger in his wrath Even all Nations shall say Wherefore hath the Lord done this to this Land what meaneth the heat of this great anger Then men shall say Because they have for saken the Covenant of the Lord God of their fathers which he made with them when he brought them forth out of the Land of Egypt 1 King 11. 11. Wherefore the Lord said to Solomon Forasmuch as this is done of thee and thou hast not kept my Covenant and my Statutes which I have commanded thee I will surely rent the Kingdom from thee and will give it to thy servant 2 King 17. 15. And they rejected his Statutes and his Covenant which he made with their fathers and his Testimonies which he testified against them and they followed vanity and became vain and went after the heathen that were round about them concerning whom the Lord had charged them that they should not do like them Psal. 78 9. The children of Ephraim being armed and carrying Bows turned back in the day of battel v. 10. They kept not the Covenant of God and refused to walk in his Law v. 11. and forgat his works and his wonders that he had shewed them v. 36. Nevertheless they did flatter him with their mouthes and lyed to him with their tongues for their heart was not right with him neither were they stedfast in his Covenant Isa. 24. 5. The earth also is defiled under the inhabitants thereof because they have transgressed the Laws changed the Ordinances and broken the everlasting Covenant v. 6. Therefore hath the câ—â—se devoured the earth and they that da el therein are desolate therefore the inhabitants of the earth are burned and few men left Psalm 44. 17. All this is come upon us yet have we not forgotten thee neither have we dealt falsly in thy Covenant v. 18. Our heart is not turned back from thee neither have our steps declined from thy way v. 19. Though thou hast sore broken us in the place of Dragons and covered us with the soadow of death v. 20. If we haven forgotten the Name of our God or stretched our hands to a strange god Shall not God seaâ—â—â— this out for he knoweth the secrets of our hearts Psalm 50. 16. But to the wicked saith God What hast thou to do to declare my Statutes or that thou shouldest take my Covenant in thy mouth Seeing thou hatest instruction and castest my words behind thee Jer. 11. 9. And the Lord said to me A conspiracy is found among the men of Iudah and amongst the inhabitants of Ierusalem v. 10. They are turned back to the iniquities of their forefathers which refused to hear my words and thy went after other gods to serve them the house of Israel and the house of Iudah have broken my Covenant which I made with their fathers Ier. 22. 8. And many Nations shall pass by this City and they shall say every man to his neighbor Wherefore hath the Lord done this to this great City v. 9. Then they shall answer Because they have forsaken the Covenant of the Lord their God and worshiped other gods and served them For thus faith the Lord God I will even deal with thee as thou hast done which hast despised the Oath in breaking the Covenant Hos. 6. 7. But they like men have transgressed the Covenant they have dealt treacherously against me Hos. 8. 1. Set the Trumpet to thy mouth he shal come as an Eagle against the house of the Lord because they have transgressed
the corruptions both of Kirk and State And that it was for restraint of this and for their own just defence against tyranny and unjust violence which ordinarily is the fruit and effect of such a power that the Lords People did joyn in Covenant and have been at the expences of so much blood travels and pains these years past Fifthly That the King being averse from the Work of Reformation and the Instruments thereof and compassed about with Malignant and dis-affected men whom he hearkens to as his most faithfull Counsellours and looks upon as his most loyall and faithfull Subjects being admitted to the exercise of his power before satisfaction given would by these counsels endeavour an over-turning of these things which the Lord hath wrought amongst us and labour to draw Publick Administrations concerning Religion and the Liberty of the Subject into that course and Channel in which they did run under Prelacie before the Work of Reformation Which we had the more cause to fear because his Royall Father did often declare That he conceived himself bound to imploy all the power that God had put in his hands to the utmost for these ends and that he adhered to his Fathers principles and walked in his way and had made a peace with the Irish Rebels by which is granted to them the full liberty of Popery From these Principles the Generall Assembly did then infer That it would be the wisedome of every one who dwells in this Land to take heed to such a temptation and snare that they be not accessory to any such designes and endeavours of bringing or admitting the King to the exercise of his Power without satisfaction given concerning the security of Religion and Liberty of the Subjects as they would not bring upon themselves and on their Families the guilt of all the detriment that would undoubtedly follow thereupon to Religion and the Covenant and of all the miseries and calamities that it would bring on his Majesties Person and Throne and on these Kingdoms Such a thing say they would in all appearance be the under-minding and shaking off if not the over-throwing and destroying the Work of Reformation and that therefore whosoever attempts the same do oppose themselves to the Cause of GOD and will at last dash against the rock of the Lords Power which hath broken in pieces many high and losty ones since the beginning of this Work in these Kingdomes From all which it dotli appear upon good grounds that it was an high provocation to admit the King to the exercise of his Power or to intrust him with the Cause and People of GOD whilst he was continuing in his former disaffection to and eninity against the same with which sin the Lord hath been so displeased that he Hath in a great measure verified the same things on the Land which are holden forth by the Generall Assembly and which would be the consequents thereof We know that it will be objected by many That the King did desist from and abandon that course of enmity against the Work and People of God before the close of the Treaty and that he did give satisfaction concerning the security of Religion and Liberty of the Subjects by condescending to and subscribing these demands which were sent to him from the Parliament of this Kingdom and the Commission of the Generall Assembly To which we reply First that these demands were desicient at least not so plain and positive and expresse in the main and necessary thing to wit a reall abandoning of former malignant courses and principles and a reall and cordiall cleaving to the Work and people of God without which there could not be a reall security it was not a shadow of security for Religion and Liberty or a paper and verball security onely but a reall security which we were bound before the Lord to have evdeavoured and obtained before the close of a Treaty with the King for intrusting him with the Government and to authorize Commissioners to settle with him upon such paper-securities and accordingly to intrust him was but to mock God and to deceive the World and to betray and destroy our selves by giving up all the precious Interests of Religion and Liberty into the hands of one who was in a course of enmity to these Secondly it is certain if men will not deny clear and evident truths that the King had not only before the authorizing of these Commissioners to close a Treaty with him upon his condescending to these Demands given evidence of his emnity to the Work and people of God but also was continuing in the same during the time of the Treaty and that he had not abandoned these Principles and courses at the close of the Treaty And when he did swear and subscribe the Nationall Covenant and the Solemn League and Covenant Nay the whole tenour of his carriage did then and afterward convincingly enough to intelligent men demonstrate him to be the same he was before We shall not need bring many instances therefore passing over these things which he did before this Kingdome began to treat with him such as the Declaration emitted by him when he was Prince against the Cause and People of God and his Printed Declaration at Iersey as King against all who had been in opposition to his Father in these troubles We shall mention only a few particulars that fell out thereafter to wit these first he did not only countenance and entertain the most Capital and known Enemies of this Kingdom such as Iames Grahame and others who had shed much of the bloud thereof but also did give Commission to the said Iames Grahame to make war upon and invade the Inhabitants thereof as Traitors and Rebels Secondly in the whole progresâ—e of the Treaty as he did communicate and take counsell with known dis-affected and malignant men in all things relating to the same and not moving a step but according to their advice so did he procrastinat and delay to grant what was desired untill all other means of help had failed and his own estate and condition was now become desperat and what he did grant was not all at once and cheerfully as if it had been a duty but by little and little and by a kind of coaction and merchandise as if it had been a bargain of buying and selling Thirdly after the Treaty was brought to some close he did before his coming to Sea receive the Sacrament of the Lords Supper from one of the Prelatical Chaplains and according to the Serviâ—e-Book notwithstanding the Commissioners of the Kirk did represent the evill thereof to him and did earnestly deal with him to the contrary Fourthly he brought to Sea and into Scotland with him almost the whole Train of Malignant and dis-affected men who had followed him in his former evill courses and fled from the Justice of both Kingdoms and these he did more familiarly intirely converse with then with others Fiâ—thly he was neaâ—
the coast of Scotland before he would condescend to the subscribing of these Demand which were sent from the Parliament upon the report of the close of the Treaty as it was first closed in Holland and the Commissioners were so far out of hopes of obtaining their desire that even when they were come near the shore they were preparing Papers of exoneration and when in an instant on the suggestion of some Malignants he did condescend to subscribe the Demands and take the Covenant it was with a reserve of a Declaration to be printed therewith which he did not pass from untill the Commissioners of the Church did refuse to admit thereof Sixthly Within a few dayes of his coming to Scotland when removing Malignants from his Family and Court was earnestly pressed by the Commissioners both of Kirk and State at Falkland he shewed himself very averse from the same and did not only at that place but at all places and times afterwards countenance and entertain men of that stamp who were in his Family and Court and came to the same Seventhly He did for a long time refuse to subscribe the Declaration which was tendered to him for the acknowledging of his own and his Parents guiltiness for the time past and according to his duty for the time to come and after that he had with a great deal of reluctancy subscribed the same he did oftentimes express That he did not think his Father guilty of bloud and that not withstanding he had so declared he had his own meaning thereof Eighthly As he did first by Letters authorize sundry of the Malignant party to rise in Arms without the knowledge of the Committee of Estates and contrary to the standing Laws of this Kingdom so did he himself within a short time thereafter desert the Publick Councels of the Kingdom and joyn with the Malignants Ninthly During the whole time of the Treaty and after the close thereof he had correspondence with all the Malignants of the three Nations to sundry of which he gave Commissions These Instances do clearly â—nough prove what was said concerning the Kings continuing in a course of enmity to the Work and People of God which made it a sin in us whilest he was in that condition to entrust him with the Interests of both neither was our carriage here more faulty in the matter then it was rash and precipitant in regard of the manner The news of the late Kings death brought to Edinburgh on the Lords day at night the Parliament did the next day before twelve of the clock proclaim this King with all publick solemnitie without setting any time apart to seek the Lord for Counsel and direction therein which as both Reason and Religion might have taught us to have used more deliberation amongst ourselves and more supplication to God before he whose Father and himself had been engaged so much in opposition to the Work and People of God had been proclaimed King and within a short time thereafter solemn Address was made to him for offering him the Crown and Kingdom upon some verbal and paper security without any previous Address for informing his conscience or taking notice whether he did adhere to his former principles and way and when the Lord was pleased to render these Applications ineffectual and to bring back the Commissioners to this Kingdom and Kirk without any satisfaction to their desires we did again no less precipitantly then before rush on a second Address which was at one and the same day concluded and proponed in Parliament not only without any previous Consultation or Debate had there anent amongst these who had been tender and faithful to the Work of God from the begining but without their knowledge and contrary to their expectation and afterwards in regard of the close and dispatch of Commissioners which was so passionatly and violently driven on that many were impatient even of the most necessary delaies and of the most reasonable contradiction in any thing that related thereto and it is not to be past without observation that whilest we were treading these slippery and sinful steps the Lord suffered not us to want warning We shall not insist on the sad apprehensions that were in the hearts of many of the godly in the Land in reference thereto So albeit they durst not altogether deny duty to be in making Application to the King yet did the sence of the Lords controversie with him and his house together with his walking in his former way lie heavy on their spirits and made them rather fear a curse then expect a blessing thereupon Nor shall we speak of the passionat inclination desires and endeavors of the Malignant party and of their rejoycing herein and of their heightning of their hopes thereby But we desire it may be remembred That whilest the second Address was in preparing not only did the Lord give us warning of presumptions first of the King his authorizing of Iames Graham to invade this Kingdom and of his encouraging him by Letters to go on in that Invasion even whilst he was in terms of a Treaty with Us but also by Iames Graham his actual invasion a little thereafter by the Kings Commission and by bringing to our hands the authentick Commission it self and sundry Letters under the Kings own hand testifying his adherence to his former principles his affection to that great Enemy of this Cause and Kingdom And what were all these instances which we have formerly spoken of in the Kings carriage but warnings from the Lord to have taught us wisdom in this thing We know that some may think it unsutable for us to meddle in these things which seems to have been otherwise determined by the General Assembly of this Kirk 1650. and that others may wonder that that Assembly should have so determined We shall not now stand to debate how far that Assembly did approve of these things which concern the Treaty with the King anent the security of Religion but the Lord having declared so much from Heaven against the whole Land it concerns us and all others impartially to search into and to discover the causes thereof so far as he is pleased to convince and give light therein and we do in charity and not without ground presume That of all the passages of procedor of the Kings carriage in the Treaty and from the beginning in order to this Kingdom and the enemies thereof had been impartially and freely discovered and made known to the Assembly as they have been since they had nor gone the length which they went 6. Step. For understanding of the sixth Step which relateth unto the rejecting the discovery of guiltiness and causes of the LORDS contending with us It will be needfull to speak some what for clearing of the matter of fact in the instances which are given in the Article The first instance is in the causes of humiliation condescended on by the Commission of the Generall Assembly at
by any amongst our selves or hinted at by any amongst them were slighted and some time entertained with disdain reproach and contempt and albeit the invasion was unjust yet certainly it was our duty to have followed and endeavoured peace so far as was possible Rom. 12. 18. If it be possible as much as lieth in you live peaceably with all men Heb. 12. 14. Follow peace with all men and holinesse without which no man shall see God Psalm 120. 7. I am for peace but when I speak they are for war 7. Step. The seventh is the Publick Resolutions of Kirk and State for bringing in the Malignant Party first to the Army and then to the Judicatories and the actuall intrusting of them with the power of the Kingdom both Military and Civill We conceive that these Publick Resolutions in the complex of them do besides other sins which may be mentioned include those First a conjunction with the Enemies of God and his Cause which is condemned by many clear Scriptures 2 Chron. 19. 1 2. And Iehoshaphat the King of Iudah returned to his house in peace to Ierusalem and Iehu the son of Hananâ— the seer went out to meet him and said to King Iehoshaphat Shouldst thou help the ungodly and love them that hate the LORD therefore is wrath on thee from before the Lord. Isa. 30. 1 2 3. Wo to the rebellious children saith the LORD that take councel but not of me and that cover with a covering but not of my spirit that they made adde sin to sin That walk to go down to Egypt and have not asked at my mouth to strengthen themselves in the strength of Pharaoh and to trust in the shadow of Egypt Therefore shall the strength of Pharaoh be your shame and the trust in the shadow of Egypt your confusion Isa. 31. 1 2 3. Wo to them that go down to Egypt for help and stay on horses and trust in chariots because they are many and in horsmen because they are very strong but they look not to the holy one of Israel neither seek the LORD Yet he also is wise and will bring evill and will not call back his words But will arise against the house of the evill doers and against the help of them that work iniquity Now the Egyptians are men and not GOD and their horses flesh and not spirit when the LORD snall stretch out his hand both he that helpeth shall fall and he that is holpen shall fall down and they all shall fall together Jer. 2. 18. And now what hast thou to do in the way of Egypt to drink the waters of Sihor or what hast thou to do in the way of Assyria to drink the waters of the river Jer. 13. 21. What wilt thou say when he shall punish thee for thou hast taught them to be captains and as chief over thee shall not sorrows take thee as a woman in travail 2. The laying of a foundation of or the establishing of a rule for imploying and intrusting men with the interest of the Cause of GOD and of the Kingdom who ought not to be imployed nor instrusted if respect be had to the qualifications required in the Word viz. That they be men fearing GOD hating covetousnesse and dealing truly who are appointed to be rulers over thousands hundreds fifties and tens Exod. 18. 21. Moreover thou shalt provide out of all the people able men such as fear GOD men of truth hating covetousnesse and place such over them to be rulers of thousands and rulers of hundreds rulers of fifties and rulers of tens and that they be just ruling in the fear of God who rules over men 2 Sam. 23. 3. The GOD of Israel said the Rock of Israel spake to me He that ruleth over men must be just ruling in the fear of God 3. That there was therein a breach and violation of the fourth Article of the Covenant which obligeth that we be so far from giving trust to Malignants that they should endeavor to bring them to condign punishment 4. That there was therein a manifest receding from the solemn publick confession of sins and engagement to duties and from the constant tenor of our Declarations Warnings and Remonstrances and causes of humiliation these years past Ier. 2. 35 36 37. Yet thou sajest Because I am innocent surely his anger shal turn from me Behold I will plead with thee because thou sayest I have not sinned Why gaddest thou about so much to change thy way thou also shalt be ashamed of Egypt as thou wast ashamed of Assyria yea thou shalt go forth from him and thine hands upon thine head for the Lord hath rejected thy confidences and thou shalt not prosper in them 5. That there was a great deal of diffidence and distrust in the Arm of the LORD and a seeking of help from and a resting on the arm of flesh Ier. 17. 5 6. Thus saith the Lord Cursed be the man that trusteth in man and maketh flesh his arm and whose heart departeth from the LORD for he shall be like the heatâ— in the desert and shall not see when good commeth but shall inhabite the parched places in the wildernesse in a salt land and not inhabited 6. That there was therein a great deal of prevarication and deceitfull dealing by many Ier. 5. 2. 3. And though they say The Lord liveth surely they swear falsely O Lord are not thine eyes upon the truth thou hast stricken them but they have not grieved thou hast consumed them but they have refused to receive correction they have made their faces harder then a rock they have refused to return Because albeit the arguments that were used were taken from necessity and other things of that kind yet the great wheel that moved in that businesse was a design to bring in that party into places of power and trust into the Army who had been formerly put out for their malignant and disaffected carriage and thereafter albeit in the beginning of this businesse so great haste was pretended that they could not wait for a very few dayes till the Commission might conveen but made use of a unfrequent and occasionall meeting when not onely many of the Members were absent but also not advertised yet when that which was aimed at concerning the Modelling of the Army was obtained they did move but very slowly and Acted nothing at all for many months thereafter nay not till long after the Army was compleatly Leavied and until they had gotten the Act of Classis also resemded and that Party brought to the Parliament aswell as to the Army and untill the Generall Assembly did sit down that they might have their approbation of these proceeding so far as was fit for them to meddle with 7. There was in it a reall stumbling and offence to the most part of the godly in the Land whose hearts were much grieved and their hands exceedingly weakened thereby together with the making glad and strengthening the ungodly and
a blessing to it because of the ordinariness and apprehended easiness of it whereby the Lords Name is much taken in vain and the People little profited 3. Looking on that Exercise as a work below us and not condescending to study a right and profitabl way of instructing the Lords People 4. Partial in Catechising passing by these that are rich and of better quality though many of such stand ordinarly in great need of instruction 5. Not waiting upon and following the ignorant but passionatly upbraiding of them often 5. In Ruling and Discipline 1. NOt making use of this Ordinance of Church-Censures for gaining of souls but turning it in a meer Civil punishement and in the administration thereof becoming either coldrife or without a spirit of meekness and using a way either merely rational by wordly wisdom or meerly authoritative more then by motives drawn from the love of Christ and by our carriage in Judicatories putting a humane shape upon the Ordinances of Jesus Christ carrying our selves in too stately a way like the men of this world 2. Partiality in administration of Censures with respect of persons not using the like faithfull freedom towards high and low sib and frâ—md 3. Rash taking on us to open and shut Christs door 4. By our practice teaching as it were formality in Repentance to offenders hardening them in their sins by accepting bare forms without any evidence of Repentance and loosing when we were perswaded Christ did not loose and of late turning profession of Repentance into a State engine for men to step unto preferment and publick employments 5. Following scandalous persons with the highest Censures of the Kirk with little or no care to hold them up to God 6. Want of compassion to these on whom Discipline is exercised not laboring to convince them of sin but imperiously and with passion instead of zeal threatning them thinking it sufficient if we be obeyed though they be not gained to Christ. 7. Superficial sinful and slight censuring one another at times appointed for that end in Presbyteries and Synods and neglect of faithful freedom and love in performing that duty 8. Admitting of men to the Ministry who were not qualified with Grace aswel as Gifts not withstanding the Word of God and Constitutions of this Kirk do require the one aswel as the other which hath been the fountain of many evils 9. Great unfaithfulness in bringing in and holding in unworthy persons in the Ministry and keeping Censures off unfaithful men 10. Unfaithfulness in giving Testimonials and Recommendations and receiving persons upon Testimonials meerly negative especially Expectants and Students of Divinity 11. Constituting Elderships of such men as are known to be ignorant prophane and disaffected to the Work of God and being careless to have them consisting of the most able and godly men within the Congregation a great cause of much ignorance prophane and scandalous carriage among the People 12. Neglecting to remove from the Elderships such as are ignorant and scandalous 13. Neglecting to hold out the necessary qualifications and duties of Ruling Elders and to stir them up to their duty 14. Not carrying our selves in Judicatories and other wayes toward Ruling Elders as towards Brethren and joynt Overseers in the work of the Lord. 15. Not making conscience of keeping Kirk Judicatories but wearying of the expences and attendance whereby diverse things hath been hastert and miscaried therein willing deserting of them and shunning to give testimony in them for fear of inconveniences 16. Not stouping to a gaining way in Debates nor making application to God for knowledge of his mind in things debated before they pass in a conclusion 17. Wearying to hear men fully who represent their doubts and to weigh all the Arguments that can be represented for the negative before the affirmative be concluded 18. Too great animosities in Judicatories even about matters of small weight 19. Pride impatience and peremptoriness of spirit not staying on others clearness in our debates and conclusions through which it comes to pass that we judge rashly of precious men and alienatition of affections steals in and is entertained 20. Hasty concluding of Acts pressing obedience thereto without convincing grounds holden forth from Scripture for satisfying the consciences of the Lords People 21. Silence in Assemblies when unsatisfied being carried by the authority of men and too much following other mens light and suppressing their own 22. Making Votes subservient to the humors of men and humane interests 23. Some altogether neglecting wholsome Acts and Constitutions of Assemblies and others receiving their Acts too implicity 24. Too bitter expressions against Adversaries in Publick Papers and Sermons for eshewing reproaches whereof there is no fruit but irritation 25. Abusing transportations by making them too frequent and almost the ordinary way of Planting places of any eminency sometimes enacting them when there is no pressing necessity and without tender endeavouring the satisfaction of the People interested and without care of providing them thereafter In relation to the Publick 1. NOt studying the controversies of the time that we might be enabled to hold forth light and convince gain sayers of the truth 2. Not fearing to meddle in matters too high for us and desiring to be taken notice of more then to be stedable in the Publick 3. Following of Publick bussiness with too much neglect of our Flocks 4. Following of Publick bussiness with much pride and passion and loftiness of spirit upon carnel principles and desire to be esteemed of rather then true zeal to Jesus Christ and his matters and with little or no prayer 5. Superficial admitting of all to the Covenants and solemn Acknowledgment without taking sufficient pains to instruct and inform them in the knowledge of the things contained therein 6. Being too instrumental for bringing disaffect persons to trust 7. Unequal zeal against enemies cooling in our zeal against one enemy as it is increast against another 8. Much repining at the judgments of God upon the Land from carnal respects and transferring the causes of the wrath off our selves upon others 9. Too easie satisfied in such things as might tend to the prejudice of Christs intâ—aest weighing the consequences of great Revolutions more by respect to our selves then to his honor 10. Agreeing to receive the King to the Covenant bracly upon writing without any apparent evidences of a real change of Principles 11. Not using freedom in shewing what we were convinced was sinful in reference to the late Treaty with the King but going on therein when we were nor satisfied in our consciences for fear of reproach and of being mistaken 12. Silence in Publick and not giving Testimony after a discovery of the Kings Commission given to Iames Graham for invading the Kingdom 13. Pressing the King to make a Declaration to the world whilest we knew by clear evidences that he had no real conviction of the things contained therein 14. Too much desiring to lurk upon by ends when called to give a Testimony 15. Not bearing Testimony against Publick Defections in a right and spiritual way 16. Unfaithfulness in bearing burden with them whom the Lord raised up to be his witnesses against the publick backslidings omitting to bear Testimony our selves upon carnal respects and lukewarmness in adhering to publick Testimonies formerly given A Postscript Which could not be gotten printed THe foregoing causes of Gods wrath being on severall dayes of solemne Humiliation laid out confessed before the Lord we thought fit to subjoine here some other causes of our late Humiliation as 1. The late declining of the Land by consenting engaging unto the publick actings of the present Powers so contrary to the Covenants so much prejudicial to Religion liberties 2. The defection of diverse who are accounted religious from their former principles unto Separation other Errours of the time 3. The Usurpation Carriage of the present pretended Assembly 4. The English their great Encroachments upon the Liberties of this Church 5. That the promised Conversion of His Ancient people of the Jewes may be hastened 6. That the Lord may make our present resolutions for reforming our selves our Elderships people effectual and may bless our Endeavours to this purpose FINIS