imply_v that_o the_o figure_n i_o speak_v of_o be_v in_o that_o very_a page_n and_o so_o it_o be_v in_o my_o copy_n but_o the_o printer_n and_o graver_n have_v otherwise_o contrive_v they_o for_o convenience_n in_o copper_n cut_v by_o themselves_o and_o to_o give_v they_o their_o due_a they_o be_v general_o do_v with_o great_a accuracy_n and_o none_o of_o they_o have_v any_o such_o error_n as_o be_v like_a to_o beget_v trouble_n or_o mistake_v to_o the_o reader_n save_v only_o that_o fig._n 19_o have_v d_o instead_o of_o o_o at_o the_o centre_n and_o the_o line_n ol_n in_o the_o margin_n of_o fig._n 14._o shall_v be_v of_o the_o length_n from_o l_o to_o the_o uppermost_a o_fw-mi in_o the_o scale_n and_o the_o figure_n on_o the_o side_n shall_v be_v make_v 1_o less_o than_o they_o be_v viz._n 2_o shall_v be_v 1_o 3_o made_z 2_o etc._n etc._n and_o last_o as_o to_o the_o errata_fw-la though_o i_o have_v not_o be_v so_o anxious_o careful_a as_o to_o correct_v every_o literal_a mistake_n i_o have_v very_o diligent_o peruse_v all_o from_o p._n 1_o to_o p._n 224_o inclusive_a and_o hope_v i_o have_v sufficient_o restore_v the_o sense_n to_o the_o place_n wrong_v when_o thou_o have_v do_v they_o right_o by_o the_o pen_n according_a to_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o errata_fw-la follow_v next_o after_o the_o content_n and_o that_o you_o continue_v the_o line_n in_o the_o margin_n of_o p._n 34._o to_o the_o length_n of_o the_o line_n ol_n in_o fig._n 14._o the_o content_n of_o the_o chapter_n chapt._n 1_o of_o geometrical_a definition_n division_n and_o remark_n p._n 1._o chapt._n 2._o of_o geometrical_a problem_n p._n 6._o chapt._n 3_o to_o find_v the_o superficial_a content_n of_o any_o right_n line_v figure_n the_o line_n be_v give_v p._n 17._o chapt._n 4._o concern_v chain_n compass_n and_o scale_n p._n 26._o chapt._n 5._o how_o to_o cast_v up_o the_o content_a of_o a_o figure_n the_o line_n be_v give_v in_o chain_n and_o link_n p._n 35._o chapt._n 6._o how_o to_o measure_v a_o close_a or_o parcel_n of_o land_n and_o to_o protract_v it_o and_o give_v up_o the_o content_a p._n 41._o chapt._n 7._o concern_v the_o measure_n of_o circle_n and_o their_o part_n p._n 48._o chapt._n 8._o concern_v customary_a measure_n and_o how_o it_o may_v be_v reduce_v to_o statute_n measure_n &_o e_fw-la contra_fw-la either_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o or_o a_o more_o compendious_a may_v by_o multiplication_n only_o p._n 52._o chapt._n 9_o how_o a_o man_n may_v become_v a_o ready_a measurer_n by_o practice_n in_o his_o private_a study_n without_o any_o one_o assistance_n or_o observation_n till_o he_o design_v to_o practice_v abroad_o p._n 65._o chapt._n 10._o how_o to_o measure_v a_o piece_n of_o land_n with_o any_o chain_n of_o what_o length_n soever_o and_o howsoever_o divide_v yea_o with_o a_o cord_n or_o cart-rope_n be_v a_o good_a expedient_a when_o instrument_n be_v not_o at_o hand_n of_o a_o more_o artificial_a â—ake_z p._n 67._o chapt._n 11._o concern_v divide_n of_o land_n artificial_o and_o mechanical_o p._n 70_o chapt._n 12._o concern_v the_o boundary_n of_o land_n where_o the_o â—ines_n to_o be_v measure_v must_v begin_v and_o end_v p._n 80._o chapt._n 13._o contain_v a_o description_n of_o the_o plain-table_n the_o protractor_n and_o line_n of_o chord_n p._n 82._o chapt._n 14._o how_o to_o take_v the_o true_a plot_n of_o a_o field_n by_o the_o â—lain-table_n upon_o the_o paper_n that_o cover_v it_o at_o one_o or_o â—ore_a station_n p._n 85._o chapt._n 15._o concern_v the_o plot_v of_o many_o close_v together_o â—hether_o the_o ground_n be_v even_o or_o uneven_a p._n 99_o chapt._n 16._o concern_v shift_n of_o paper_n p._n 102._o chapt._n 17._o concern_v the_o plot_v of_o a_o town_n field_n where_o 〈◊〉_d several_a land_n butt_n or_o doles_n be_v very_o crooked_a â—â—th_v a_o note_n concern_v hypothenusual_a or_o slope_v boundary_n common_a to_o this_o and_o the_o fifteen_o chapter_n â—_o 104._o chapt._n 18._o concern_v taking_n the_o plot_n of_o a_o piece_n of_o ground_n 〈◊〉_d the_o degree_n upon_o the_o frame_n of_o the_o plain-table_n seâ—â—â—al_a way_n and_o protract_v the_o same_o p._n 108._o chapt._n 19_o concern_v taking_n inaccessible_a distance_n by_o the_o â—â—ain-table_n and_o accessible_a altitude_n by_o the_o protractor_n â—_o 121._o chapt._n 20._o of_o cast_v up_o the_o content_a of_o land_n by_o a_o table_n â—_o 193._o errata_fw-la page_n 3_o line_n 16_o read_v trilateral_n p._n 4_o 〈◊〉_d geodates_n p._n 5_o l._n 29_o eneagon_n p._n 10_o l._n 6_o belong_v as_o the_o other_o two_o p._n 16_o l._n 6_o centre_n at_o right_a aâ—â—gles_n p._n 28_o l._n 1_o forefinger_n p._n 36_o l._n 20_o pole_n or_o râ—â—_n p._n 47_o l._n 15_o four_o diagonal_a and_o the_o six_o side_n p._n 〈◊〉_d l._n 28_o as_o in_o this_o figure_n be_v abc_n p._n 56_o l._n 23_o 〈◊〉_d and_o l._n 24_o â—_o 22_o ½_o p._n 58_o l._n 11_o 28._o p._n 69_o l._n 5_o side_n 74_o l._n 25_o fg._n p._n 77_o l._n 27_o 138562_o and_o l._n 28_o 〈◊〉_d 33_o r._n 242030._o p._n 79_o l._n 33_o triangulate_v p._n 80_o l_o former_a p._n 82_o l._n 24_o fit_v p._n 86_o l._n 2_o stationary_a â—â—â—stances_n p._n 90_o l._n 15_o chartley_n or_o card._n p._n 95_o l._n â—_o park_n pond_n p._n 103_o l._n 22_o line_n p._n 104._o l._n 19_o 〈◊〉_d fig._n 1._o fig._n 2._o fig._n 3._o fig._n 4._o fig._n 5._o fig._n 6._o fig._n 7._o fig._n 8._o fig._n 9_o fig._n 10._o fig._n 11._o fig._n 12._o fig._n 13._o fig._n 14_o fig._n 15._o fig._n 16._o fig._n 17._o fig._n 18._o fig._n 19_o fig._n 20._o fig._n 21._o fig._n 22._o fig._n 23._o fig._n 24._o fig._n 25._o fig._n 26._o fig._n 27._o fig._n 28._o fig._n 29._o fig._n 30._o fig._n 31._o fig._n 32._o fig._n 33._o fig._n 34._o fig._n 35._o fig._n 36._o fig._n 37._o fig._n 38._o fig._n 39_o the_o country_n survey-book_n or_o land-meter's_a vade-mecum_a chap._n i._n of_o geometrical_a definition_n division_n and_o remark_n i._o a_o point_n be_v that_o which_o have_v no_o part_n either_o of_o longitude_n or_o latitude_n but_o be_v indivisible_a ordinary_o express_v with_o a_o small_a prick_n like_o a_o period_n at_o the_o end_n of_o a_o sentence_n ii_o a_o line_n have_v length_n but_o no_o breadth_n nor_o depth_n who_o limit_n or_o extremity_n be_v point_n this_o be_v either_o right_a or_o crooked_a iii_o a_o right_a line_n lie_v straight_o and_o equal_a between_o its_o extreme_a point_n be_v the_o short_a extension_n between_o they_o the_o crock_v or_o circular_a not_o so_o iv._o a_o superficies_n have_v length_n and_o breadth_n but_o no_o depth_n of_o this_o line_n be_v the_o limit_n v._o a_o plain_a superficies_n be_v that_o which_o lie_v equal_o or_o even_o between_o its_o line_n vi_o a_o angle_n be_v the_o meeting_n or_o two_o line_n in_o one_o point_n so_o as_o not_o to_o make_v one_o straight_a line_n and_o if_o draw_v on_o past_o that_o point_n they_o will_v intersect_v or_o cross_v one_o another_o this_o be_v vulgar_a english_a may_v be_v call_v a_o corner_n of_o which_o 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foot_n be_v turn_v round_o in_o a_o point_n and_o the_o other_o wheel_v about_o it_o the_o point_n in_o the_o precise_a middle_n be_v call_v the_o centre_n the_o round_a line_n the_o circumference_n or_o peripheri_n a_o line_n go_v through_o the_o centre_n and_o divide_v the_o circle_n into_o two_o equal_a part_n be_v call_v the_o diameter_n half_a of_o that_o line_n be_v a_o somidiameter_n or_o radius_fw-la half_a the_o circle_n be_v style_v a_o semicircle_n the_o quarter_n a_o quadrant_n any_o portion_n of_o it_o cut_v off_o by_o a_o right_a line_n not_o touch_v the_o centre_n be_v call_v a_o segment_n xiii_o right-lined_n figure_n be_v such_o as_o be_v limit_v by_o three_o
of_o it_o go_v off_o again_o in_o the_o substraction_n of_o the_o triangle_n ii_o for_o the_o latter_a you_o may_v take_v this_o ready_a course_n measure_v the_o length_n of_o both_o your_o line_n the_o chord_n and_o the_o arch_n and_o their_o distance_n at_o the_o middle_n of_o they_o both_o then_o when_o you_o come_v to_o protract_v first_o take_v the_o length_n of_o your_o right_a line_n from_o the_o scale_n and_o have_v lay_v it_o down_o cross_v it_o in_o the_o middle_n at_o right_a angle_n with_o a_o dry_a line_n as_o in_o the_o last_o figure_n so_o shall_v it_o intersect_v the_o line_n ab_fw-la in_o the_o point_n e_o fig._n 19_o then_o from_o the_o same_o scale_n take_v the_o measure_a distance_n between_o the_o two_o line_n in_o the_o middle_n and_o set_v it_o upon_o that_o dry_a line_n from_o the_o intersection_n at_o e_o to_o the_o point_n c._n then_o by_o trial_n find_v a_o due_a place_n in_o the_o dry_a line_n oec_n and_o such_o a_o distance_n with_o your_o compass_n that_o the_o one_o foot_n rest_v in_o that_o line_n the_o other_o may_v describe_v the_o arch_n acb_n and_o the_o section_n be_v protract_v these_o few_o hint_n be_v as_o much_o as_o i_o think_v necessary_a for_o my_o country_n practitioner_n concern_v circular_a line_n but_o if_o he_o think_v otherwise_o there_o be_v large_a treatise_n enough_o and_o particular_o those_o i_o mention_v who_o rule_n though_o ingenious_a sound_a and_o fit_a to_o be_v know_v by_o every_o one_o that_o intend_v to_o plunge_v deep_a into_o mathematical_a study_n will_v not_o i_o think_v be_v of_o that_o use_n to_o he_o in_o ordinary_a measure_n that_o i_o shall_v transcend_v the_o intend_a bound_n of_o brevity_n to_o transcribe_v they_o chap._n viii_o concern_v customary_a measure_n and_o how_o it_o may_v be_v reduce_v to_o statute-measure_n &_o è_fw-la contra_fw-la either_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o or_o a_o more_o compendious_a way_n by_o multiplication_n only_o whereas_o the_o statute-perch_n or_o pole_n be_v 16_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a and_o no_o more_o there_o be_v pole_n of_o large_a measure_n use_v in_o many_o place_n as_o of_o 18_o 20_o 21_o 24_o and_o 28_o foot_n yea_o in_o some_o 22_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a it_o be_v therefore_o very_o convenient_a that_o our_o young_a surveyor_n be_v furnish_v with_o a_o chain_n fit_v to_o the_o customary_a measure_n of_o the_o country_n where_o he_o live_v as_o i_o use_v to_o make_v chain_n for_o myself_o and_o scholar_n of_o 21_o or_o 24_o foot_n to_o the_o pole_n for_o lancashire_n and_o cheshire_n where_o those_o measure_v most_o obtain_v but_o because_o these_o be_v too_o large_a and_o cumbersome_a for_o small_a close_n it_o be_v very_o convenient_a instead_o of_o one_o chain_n of_o 100_o link_n to_o make_v two_o of_o 2_o pole_n apiece_o each_o pole_n divide_v into_o 25_o link_n as_o that_o of_o 100_o be_v which_o two_o half_a chain_n may_v in_o measure_v large_a field_n be_v tie_v together_o by_o the_o loop_n with_o pack-thread_n or_o join_v by_o a_o button_n keyr_v for_o more_o speedy_a dispatch_n but_o in_o small_a we_o may_v use_v the_o half_a chain_n of_o 50_o link_n only_o take_v care_n that_o we_o count_v not_o half_a chain_n for_o whole_a one_o and_o in_o these_o case_n where_o the_o pole_n be_v large_a and_o the_o close_v small_a ☜_o it_o be_v still_o more_o convenient_a if_o you_o have_v a_o chain_n of_o 2_o pole_n only_o divide_v into_o 100_o link_n only_o you_o must_v then_o take_v notice_n that_o whereas_o work_v by_o whole_a chain_n and_o link_n the_o first_o multiplication_n after_o five_o cut_v off_o give_v the_o content_a in_o acre_n and_o part_n the_o like_a work_n by_o half_a chain_n and_o half_a link_n will_v give_v the_o content_a in_o rood_n or_o quarter_n of_o acre_n and_o part_n of_o such_o rood_n but_o though_o it_o be_v no_o hard_a matter_n for_o one_o that_o can_v find_v out_o the_o length_n of_o a_o link_n by_o divide_v the_o number_n of_o foot_n in_o a_o chain_n by_o 100_o and_o provide_v himself_o of_o good_a iron-wyre_n and_o curtain_n ring_v to_o make_v it_o of_o and_o a_o sharp_a edge_a file_n and_o round_o nose_a plyer_n to_o make_v it_o with_o to_o be_v furnish_v with_o such_o a_o chain_n yet_o because_o every_o one_o can_v do_v this_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o how_o you_o may_v easy_o and_o yet_o very_o true_o reduce_v statute-measure_n into_o customary_a that_o so_o the_o chain_n before_o describe_v may_v do_v your_o business_n all_o england_n over_o know_v therefore_o for_o a_o ground_n to_o go_v upon_o that_o acre_n bear_v proportion_n to_o one_o another_o as_o the_o square_n of_o their_o pole_n and_o therefore_o if_o you_o multiply_v 33_o the_o number_n of_o half_a foot_n in_o the_o statute-pole_n by_o itself_o which_o give_v 1089_o and_o also_o multiply_v the_o number_n of_o half_a foot_n contain_v in_o a_o pole_n of_o that_o measure_n you_o will_v reduce_v into_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n you_o may_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o reverse_v obtain_v your_o desire_n make_v to_o that_o purpose_n 1089_o the_o first_o number_n the_o statute-measure_n the_o second_o and_o the_o square_a half-feet_n of_o the_o pole_n give_v the_o three_o as_o for_o example_n 9.33_o l._n 7.21_o b._n 933_o 1866_o 6531_o 672693_o prod_n suppose_v of_o a_o close_o measure_v by_o the_o statute-pole_n the_o length_n breadth_n and_o their_o product_n be_v as_o here_o represent_v in_o the_o margin_n and_o it_o be_v desire_v that_o the_o content_a may_v be_v cast_v up_o according_a to_o our_o large_a cheshire_n measure_n of_o eight_o yard_n or_o 24_o foot_n to_o the_o pole_n or_o rood_n as_o we_o call_v it_o theâ—_n before_o i_o cut_v off_o any_o figure_n i_o consider_v that_o in_o the_o statute-pole_n be_v 33_o half-feet_n and_o in_o the_o cheshire-pole_n 48_o then_o multiply_v 33_o by_o 33_o and_o 48_o by_o 48_o i_o have_v these_o two_o square_a number_n 1089_o and_o 2304_o which_o together_o with_o the_o say_a product_n may_v be_v thus_o place_v 1089._o 672693_o ∷_o 2304_o and_o so_o multiply_v 672693_o by_o 1089_o and_o divide_v their_o product_n be_v 732562677_o by_o 2304_o the_o quotient_n be_v 317952_o from_o which_o if_o 5_o figure_n towards_o the_o right_a hand_n be_v cut_v off_o and_o deal_v withal_o as_o be_v teach_v in_o the_o five_o chapter_n the_o content_a by_o our_o customary_a measure_n of_o 24_o foot_n to_o the_o pole_n will_v be_v 3_o acre_n 0_o rood_n 28_o perch_n as_o here_o appear_v 317952_o 4_o 71808_o 40_o 2872320_o but_o if_o the_o line_n on_o the_o land_n have_v be_v measure_v according_a to_o our_o custom_n here_o of_o 24_o foot_n to_o the_o pole_n and_o the_o content_a must_v have_v be_v find_v according_a to_o statute_n measure_n then_o i_o must_v have_v multiply_v the_o product_n by_o 2304_o and_o have_v divide_v that_o latter_a product_n by_o 1089_o and_o in_o the_o same_o method_n you_o may_v proceed_v in_o all_o or_o any_o of_o the_o rest_n but_o the_o truth_n be_v that_o though_o this_o way_n be_v very_o exact_a 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right_a line_n of_o so_o many_o degree_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o quadrant_n as_o answer_v thereunto_o when_o line_n of_o chord_n be_v cut_v upon_o wood_n it_o be_v both_o usual_a and_o necessary_a that_o there_o be_v two_o stud_n of_o brass_n the_o one_o at_o the_o beginning_n and_o the_o other_o at_o 60_o deg._n with_o little_a hole_n for_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o compass_n when_o you_o take_v the_o extent_n of_o the_o radius_fw-la to_o preserve_v the_o line_n from_o be_v wound_v by_o the_o compass_n and_o be_v thus_o fence_v it_o will_v for_o need_n do_v the_o work_n of_o a_o protractor_n but_o not_o altogether_o so_o commodious_o chap._n fourteen_o how_o to_o take_v the_o true_a plot_n of_o a_o field_n by_o the_o plain-table_n upon_o the_o paper_n that_o cover_v it_o at_o one_o or_o more_o station_n there_o be_v three_o way_n or_o method_n for_o do_v this_o work_n two_o more_o usual_a and_o ordinary_a the_o three_o more_o unusual_a and_o extraordinary_a though_o now_o pretty_a well_o know_v to_o most_o surveyor_n and_o in_o late_a book_n publish_v the_o first_o perform_v the_o work_n by_o measure_v every_o line_n from_o the_o instrument_n to_o every_o angle_n and_o be_v a_o very_a sure_a substantial_a way_n where_o it_o can_v be_v do_v as_o it_o ordinary_o may_v in_o most_o close_n the_o second_o do_v it_o by_o measure_v only_o the_o station_n or_o the_o distance_n and_o be_v very_o quick_a but_o not_o so_o sure_a and_o exact_a as_o the_o other_o yet_o if_o manage_v by_o a_o skilful_a artist_n that_o know_v how_o to_o plant_v his_o instrument_n so_o as_o to_o avoid_v make_v acute_a angle_n unnecessary_o it_o will_v come_v near_o enough_o the_o matter_n in_o many_o case_n as_o in_o measure_v for_o workman_n that_o take_v the_o mow_v or_o reap_v of_o field_n by_o the_o acre_n or_o when_o tithe_n be_v let_v at_o a_o small_a value_n per_fw-la acre_n as_o in_o poor_a barren_a parish_n they_o usual_o be_v the_o three_o be_v the_o way_n of_o circuition_n or_o perambulation_n the_o instrument_n be_v oft_o to_o be_v plant_v and_o the_o plot_n to_o be_v measure_v about_o by_o which_o not_o only_o difficult_a close_n but_o even_o the_o thick_a wood_n yea_o bogs_n meres_n and_o pool_n of_o water_n may_v be_v plot_v which_o by_o neither_o of_o the_o other_o method_n can_v be_v perform_v in_o all_o these_o method_n two_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v perform_v 1._o at_o every_o angle_n where_o there_o be_v no_o perspicuous_a mark_n already_o as_o a_o tree_n bush_n stile_n etc._n etc._n one_o must_v be_v place_v as_o a_o white_a paper_n or_o such_o like_a or_o else_o some_o one_o must_v go_v from_o angle_n to_o angle_n and_o remain_v there_o as_o your_o mark_n to_o look_v at_o
the_o slit_n of_o the_o back-sight_n i_o see_v the_o thread_n cut_v the_o mark_n at_o a_o and_o then_o screw_v it_o fast_o so_o will_v my_o needle_n if_o a_o good_a one_o hang_v direct_o over_o the_o same_o point_n that_o it_o do_v at_o the_o first_o station_n but_o however_o that_o be_v foresight_n and_o back-sight_n will_v do_v the_o business_n for_o which_o purpose_n it_o be_v good_a to_o take_v back-mark_n as_o well_o as_o fore-mark_n at_o every_o station_n as_o be_v teach_v in_o the_o example_n of_o a_o single_a station_n only_o take_v notice_n that_o the_o back-mark_a when_o the_o instrument_n be_v plant_v in_o a_o angle_n must_v needs_o be_v out_o of_o the_o field_n as_o suppose_v here_o at_o o._n but_o to_o proceed_v have_v measure_v the_o distance_n between_o the_o first_o and_o second_o station_n and_o find_v it_o to_o be_v 7._o 10_o i_o set_v it_o upon_o the_o line_n open_v from_o a_o to_o q_n where_o i_o make_v another_o point_n to_o represent_v the_o second_o station_n and_o turn_v about_o my_o index_n with_o the_o fiducial_a edge_n upon_o that_o point_n and_o so_o look_v through_o the_o sight_n at_o the_o angle_n ghik_fw-mi i_o draw_v line_n towards_o they_o on_o my_o paper_n and_o have_v measure_v between_o every_o one_o of_o those_o four_o angle_n and_o the_o instrument_n i_o set_v those_o measure_n as_o i_o do_v the_o other_o with_o my_o scale_n and_o compass_n from_o q_o towards_o every_o angle_n upon_o his_o proper_a line_n and_o then_o have_v draw_v the_o black_a bounding-line_n from_o a_o to_o b_o from_o b_o to_z c_z and_o so_o round_o about_o the_o close_a the_o protraction_n be_v finish_v but_o here_o to_o make_v this_o figure_n yet_o more_o advantageous_a let_v i_o according_a to_o my_o usual_a method_n add_v some_o advertisement_n 1._o sometime_o a_o station_n be_v so_o take_v that_o you_o may_v measure_v towards_o two_o angle_n at_o once_o as_o here_o from_o q_o to_o g_z and_o h_n in_o which_o case_n you_o be_v to_o set_v down_o the_o chain_n and_o link_n where_o the_o first_o angle_n fall_v but_o still_o be_v proceed_v to_o the_o further_a angle_n cause_v the_o remainder_n of_o the_o chain_n at_o the_o fore-end_n to_o advance_v beyond_o the_o former_a angle_n so_o go_v on_o with_o whole_a chain_n so_o far_o as_o you_o can_v to_o which_o the_o odd_a link_n at_o the_o end_n be_v to_o be_v add_v 2._o if_o at_o any_o of_o your_o station_n as_o suppose_v a_o you_o can_v see_v a_o angle_n for_o example_n e_z to_o which_o you_o can_v measure_v in_o a_o direct_a line_n without_o pass_v the_o boundary_n of_o your_o parcel_n of_o land_n give_v to_o be_v measure_v you_o may_v notwithstanding_o take_v in_o that_o angle_n by_o a_o strait_a measure_a line_n as_o i_o have_v do_v provide_v it_o may_v be_v lawful_o do_v without_o trespass_n and_o convenient_o without_o troublesome_a pass_v of_o fence_n otherwise_o it_o must_v be_v take_v from_o another_o station_n 3._o i_o here_o take_v one_o of_o my_o station_n at_o a_o angle_n and_o the_o other_o within_o the_o body_n of_o the_o field_n to_o show_v the_o variety_n of_o work_v teach_v by_o other_o author_n and_o that_o it_o be_v no_o great_a matter_n where_o you_o make_v your_o station_n so_o you_o can_v see_v the_o angle_n else_o it_o have_v be_v full_a as_o convenient_a to_o have_v take_v my_o first_o station_n also_o within_o the_o body_n of_o the_o field_n as_o suppose_v at_o r._n 4._o though_o this_o figure_n represent_v to_o your_o eye_n only_o two_o station_n a_o and_o q_n your_o fancy_n may_v multiply_v they_o at_o pleasure_n for_o suppose_v the_o angle_n h_n can_v not_o have_v be_v see_v from_o a_o or_o q_n how_o easy_a have_v it_o be_v to_o have_v set_v up_o a_o mark_n at_o saint_n and_o then_o to_o have_v remove_v the_o instrument_n thither_o observe_v the_o same_o direction_n â—hat_n be_v give_v at_o the_o removal_n from_o a_o to_o q._n ii_o in_o the_o second_o method_n the_o instrument_n be_v to_o be_v plant_v twice_o or_o often_o as_o occasion_n be_v the_o rule_n for_o removal_n of_o the_o instrument_n foresight_n and_o back-sight_n and_o measure_v the_o distance_n of_o station_n be_v the_o same_o as_o former_o be_v â—aught_v but_o instead_o of_o measure_v to_o and_o from_o â—very_n angle_n we_o only_o view_v each_o angle_n through_o â—he_n sight_n from_o two_o station_n have_v apply_v â—he_v fiducial_a edge_n to_o the_o point_n represent_v â—hose_v station_n and_o have_v draw_v line_n with_o the_o point_n of_o the_o compass_n or_o a_o protract_n needle_n the_o interfection_n represent_v the_o angle_n from_o which_o the_o boundary-line_n may_v be_v draw_v so_o be_v the_o field_n protract_v which_o that_o my_o reader_n may_v understand_v let_v he_o note_v these_o three_o figure_n fig._n 26_o here_o in_o these_o three_o figure_n the_o angles_n be_v mark_v alphabetical_o abcdef_n etc._n etc._n and_o â—he_v station_n by_o a_o point_n in_o a_o small_a circle_n number_v 1_o 2_o or_o 1_o 2_o 3_o according_a to_o their_o number_n and_o order_n fig._n 26_o the_o first_o of_o these_o figure_n represent_v the_o plot_v of_o a_o field_n at_o two_o station_n within_o it_o from_o both_o which_o all_o the_o angle_n may_v be_v see_v fig._n 27_o the_o second_o perform_v the_o same_o work_n by_o two_o station_n take_v without_o the_o field_n by_o which_o 〈◊〉_d a_o close_a may_v be_v measure_v though_o the_o present_a possessor_n will_v not_o give_v we_o leave_v to_o come_v â—nto_o it_o fig._n 28_o the_o three_o show_v how_o the_o work_n may_v be_v perform_v at_o three_o station_n or_o more_o when_o two_o such_o place_n can_v be_v find_v whence_o to_o view_v alâ—_n the_o angle_n which_o last_o have_v more_o of_o difficulty_n than_o the_o two_o former_a though_o indeed_o noâ—_n very_o much_o and_o the_o explanation_n of_o that_o will_v sufficient_o help_v to_o the_o understanding_n of_o they_o i_o shall_v a_o little_a explicate_v the_o meaning_n of_o it_o in_o these_o particular_n 1._o from_o the_o first_o station_n take_v according_a to_o former_a direction_n i_o see_v the_o angles_n abcd_v fgk_n and_o accord_o draw_v line_n upon_o my_o paper_n towards_o they_o from_o the_o point_n represent_v that_o station_n by_o the_o fiducial_a edge_n of_o my_o indeâ—_n with_o the_o point_n of_o my_o compass_n 2._o have_v remove_v my_o instrument_n to_o the_o second_o station_n and_o in_o so_o do_v observe_v the_o rule_n before_o give_v touch_v such_o removal_n i_o thence_o see_v the_o angle_n abdefghik_v and_o draw_v line_n upon_o my_o paper_n towards_o they_o from_o the_o point_n represent_v the_o second_o station_n and_o now_o view_v my_o work_n i_o find_v upon_o my_o paper_n interfection_n for_o the_o angles_n abdf_n gk_n but_o only_o single_a line_n towards_o the_o angles_n cehi_n therefore_o 3._o remove_v the_o instrument_n regular_o as_o before_o to_o a_o three_o station_n i_o thence_o see_v those_o four_o angle_n cehi_n and_o draw_v line_n towards_o they_o i_o have_v interfection_n for_o they_o also_o so_o that_o have_v draw_v the_o line_n ab_fw-la bc_n etc._n etc._n from_o one_o interfection_n to_o another_o ☞_o i_o have_v the_o field_n perfect_o protract_v for_o these_o bounding-line_n from_o angle_n to_o angle_n do_v not_o only_o signify_v the_o boundary_n of_o a_o piece_n of_o land_n give_v to_o be_v measure_v limit_v the_o figure_n or_o shape_n thereof_o and_o be_v to_o that_o purpose_n give_v in_o this_o and_o all_o other_o survey-book_n but_o also_o be_v the_o true_a distance_n by_o a_o scale_n from_o angle_n to_o angle_n for_o the_o plot_n upon_o the_o paper_n i_o mean_v by_o the_o same_o scale_n by_o which_o the_o stationary_a distance_n be_v lay_v down_o upon_o their_o own_o line_n and_o this_o hold_v true_a in_o all_o kind_n of_o true_a plot_v whether_o in_o this_o method_n or_o any_o other_o iii_o the_o three_o method_n be_v that_o of_o circuition_n and_o this_o have_v several_a variety_n according_a to_o these_o three_o follow_a case_n 1._o when_o the_o distance_n from_o angle_n to_o angle_n without_o any_o exception_n be_v measure_v quite_o round_o the_o plot_n either_o within_o or_o without_o 2._o when_o the_o distance_n be_v take_v only_o between_o some_o more_o notable_a angle_n and_o the_o perpendicular_o of_o the_o rest_n measure_v as_o you_o pass_v along_o their_o base_n within_o the_o plot_n proper_a for_o plain_a solid_a ground_n 3._o when_o the_o like_a be_v do_v without_o the_o plot_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o plot_v thick_a wood_n meres_n pool_n bog_n etc._n etc._n the_o first_o of_o these_o be_v very_o easy_a consist_v in_o nothing_o but_o plant_v the_o instrument_n at_o every_o angle_n either_o within_o or_o without_o as_o necessity_n and_o convenience_n determine_v it_o observe_v the_o former_a direction_n for_o plant_v and_o remove_v
the_o instrument_n and_o also_o for_o measure_v the_o stationary-line_n on_o the_o ground_n and_o protract_v they_o on_o the_o paper_n as_o be_v manifest_a in_o this_o example_n fig._n 29_o let_v abcdef_n be_v a_o park-pond_n or_o close_a to_o be_v protract_v i_o first_o plant_v my_o instrument_n at_o a_o and_o direct_v the_o sight_n to_o a_o mark_n in_o the_o angle_n b_o draw_v a_o dry_a line_n from_o a_o convenient_a poinâ—_n on_o my_o paper_n towards_o b_o on_o the_o ground_n and_o have_v measure_v by_o my_o chain_n the_o distance_n ab_fw-la i_o set_v it_o by_o a_o scale_n upon_o the_o correspondent_a line_n from_o a_o to_o b_o drawing_z a_o black-line_n between_o they_o with_o ink_n or_o a_o lead-pen_n the_o extremity_n whereof_o be_v the_o point_n a_o and_o b_o on_o my_o paper_n and_o the_o little_a prick_v line_n that_o go_v beyond_o b_o represent_v the_o remainder_n of_o the_o dry_a line_n draw_v at_o random_n as_o to_o length_n with_o the_o point_n of_o the_o compass_n then_o set_v up_o a_o mark_n at_o a_o if_o there_o be_v none_o before_o i_o remove_v the_o instrument_n to_o b_o and_o lay_v the_o fiducial_a edge_n to_o the_o line_n ab_fw-la i_o turn_v about_o the_o instrument_n upon_o the_o saff_n till_o through_o the_o sight_n i_o perceive_v the_o thread_n cut_v the_o mark_n at_o a_o and_o my_o needle_n if_o i_o have_v one_o direct_o over_o the_o same_o point_n that_o it_o be_v when_o it_o be_v plant_v at_o a_o and_o so_o screw_v it_o fast_o my_o next_o work_n be_v to_o lay_v the_o fiducial_a edge_n to_o the_o point_n b_o and_o direct_v the_o sight_n to_o c_o draw_v a_o dry_a line_n towards_o it_o and_o set_v the_o distance_n bc_n measure_v by_o the_o chain_n from_o b_o to_o c._n in_o this_o manner_n i_o proceed_v surround_v the_o close_a till_o i_o come_v at_o last_o to_o a_o where_o i_o begin_v by_o plant_v the_o instrument_n at_o every_o angle_n use_v the_o help_n of_o back-sight_n and_o my_o needle_n as_o i_o do_v at_o b_o and_o then_o from_o the_o point_n represent_v my_o present_a station_n direct_v the_o sight_n to_o the_o next_o angle_n as_o i_o do_v from_o b_o to_o c._n in_o the_o second_o case_n we_o do_v not_o plant_v the_o instrument_n at_o every_o angle_n but_o at_o the_o more_o considerable_a take_v in_o the_o small_a by_o their_o perpendicular_o from_o the_o base_a as_o we_o pass_v along_o of_o which_o this_o follow_a figure_n may_v be_v a_o instance_n fig._n 30_o let_v abcdefghikl_n be_v a_o close_a to_o be_v measure_v by_o plant_v the_o instrument_n only_o at_o acf_n and_o k_n i_o have_v the_o main_a substance_n of_o the_o close_a in_o the_o trapezium_fw-la acfk_n and_o for_o the_o five_o small_a triangle_n which_o must_v be_v add_v to_o the_o trapezium_fw-la they_o may_v be_v easy_o protract_v by_o the_o help_n of_o such_o a_o little_a square_a as_o be_v mention_v towards_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o ten_o chapter_n for_o thereby_o find_v at_o how_o many_o chain_n and_o link_n distance_n from_o a_o upon_o the_o ground_n the_o perpendicular_a b_o b_o fall_v upon_o the_o line_n ac_fw-la and_o have_v measure_v the_o length_n of_o that_o perpendicular_a and_o take_v it_o between_o my_o compass-point_n off_o my_o scale_n i_o erect_v a_o perpendicular_a of_o that_o length_n at_o b_o which_o be_v the_o point_n upon_o the_o paper_n where_o so_o many_o chain_n and_o link_n determine_v as_o be_v measure_v upon_o the_o ground_n from_o the_o angle_n a_o to_o the_o place_n where_o the_o perpendicular_a fall_v on_o ac_fw-la viz._n at_o b._n just_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n i_o raise_v the_o other_o perpendicular_o dd_v gg_n two_o and_o will_v and_o then_o by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o perpendicular_o i_o draw_v from_o and_o to_o the_o proper_a angle_n the_o boundary-line_n ab_fw-la bc_n cd_o de_fw-fr fg_n gh_o he_o ik_fw-mi k_o l_o la_fw-fr which_o together_o with_o the_o line_n of_o between_o the_o angle_n e_o and_o f_o give_v the_o true_a plot_n of_o the_o field_n in_o one_o large_a trapezium_fw-la and_o five_o small_a triangle_n ready_a for_o cast_v up_o the_o three_o case_n be_v so_o like_o the_o second_o that_o there_o need_v no_o new_a direction_n concern_v it_o but_o to_o annex_v one_o plain_a diagram_n all_o the_o difference_n consist_v in_o this_o that_o because_o we_o can_v go_v within_o it_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v some_o pool_n bog_n or_o thicket_n we_o must_v of_o necessity_n go_v on_o the_o outside_n and_o consequent_o all_o the_o triangle_n make_v by_o inward_a angle_n and_o their_o line_n upon_o the_o measure_a base_n must_v be_v exclude_v by_o the_o boundary-line_n from_o be_v any_o part_n of_o the_o plot_n as_o here_o be_v manifest_a fig._n 31_o suppose_v abcdefghiklmn_n open_v to_o be_v a_o great_a pool_n though_o here_o be_v fifteen_o angle_n i_o plant_v my_o table_n only_o five_o time_n viz._n at_o aefh_n and_o m_n and_o upon_o the_o dry_a line_n ae_n fh_o he_o and_o ma_n i_o raise_v their_o perpendicular_o in_o due_a place_n according_a to_o measure_n and_o also_o of_o a_o right_a height_n by_o which_o and_o my_o five_o stationary_a angle_n i_o draw_v the_o bounding-line_n of_o the_o plot_n exclude_v all_o the_o triangle_n as_o foreign_a to_o it_o they_o be_v no_o resemblance_n of_o any_o part_n of_o the_o pool_n but_o of_o land_n adjacent_a where_o note_n 1._o that_o both_o in_o this_o and_o the_o former_a case_n such_o a_o little_a square_a as_o i_o mention_v in_o the_o second_o chapter_n will_v be_v very_o useful_a for_o speedy_a raise_n of_o perdendiculars_n but_o where_o the_o triangle_n be_v very_o small_a it_o need_v not_o be_v use_v not_o the_o other_o mention_a chap._n 10._o 2._o that_o if_o by_o reason_n of_o troublesome_a brush-wood_n gorse_n or_o bog_n etc._n etc._n i_o can_v not_o have_v measure_v close_o to_o the_o side_n of_o he_o or_o lm_o it_o will_v be_v the_o same_o thing_n if_o i_o go_v parallel_v to_o they_o and_o this_o be_v a_o shift_n that_o the_o practical_a surveyor_n will_v oft_o be_v put_v to_o make_v use_n of_o in_o other_o case_n as_o well_o as_o this_o chap._n xv._n concern_v the_o plot_v of_o many_o close_v together_o whether_o the_o ground_n be_v even_o or_o uneven_a though_o i_o design_v not_o so_o high_a in_o this_o manual_a as_o to_o make_v my_o reader_n able_a to_o survey_v lordship_n and_o forest_n much_o less_o to_o draw_v map_n of_o country_n but_o to_o measure_v a_o parcel_n of_o land_n with_o truth_n and_o judgement_n yet_o i_o will_v have_v he_o so_o expert_a as_o not_o to_o be_v puzzle_v if_o any_o shall_v desire_v he_o to_o draw_v as_o it_o be_v a_o true_a map_n of_o a_o tenement_n or_o small_a demesn_a consist_v of_o several_a close_n for_o which_o purpose_n let_v he_o that_o know_v no_o better_a observe_v this_o method_n fig._n 32_o suppose_v abcdefghiklm_n to_o be_v a_o tenement_n or_o small_a demesn_a divide_v into_o fourteen_o close_n to_o be_v measure_v and_o protract_v according_a to_o their_o several_a shape_n and_o situation_n i_o first_o draw_v the_o plot_n of_o the_o whole_a by_o the_o method_n of_o circuition_n plant_v my_o instrument_n either_o at_o every_o angle_n or_o only_o the_o most_o considerable_a either_o within_o or_o without_o as_o i_o find_v most_o convenient_a this_o be_v do_v a_o line_n from_o b_o to_o m_n give_v the_o triangle_n abm_n from_o the_o first_o close_n in_o the_o next_o place_n i_o go_v round_a the_o second_o close_a beginning_n at_o m_n then_o to_o b_o and_o so_o about_o cum_fw-la scle_n to_o m_n again_o and_o then_o for_o the_o three_o close_n i_o plant_v my_o table_n at_o c_o and_o etc_o round_o to_o b_o the_o line_n bc_n be_v protract_v already_o and_o so_o of_o all_o the_o rest_n still_o observe_v which_o be_v common_a line_n belong_v to_o several_a close_n represent_v the_o fence_n that_o i_o may_v avoid_v the_o trouble_n of_o measure_v â—hose_v line_n often_o than_o once_o and_o lay_v everâ—_n part_n of_o euâ—â—y_o close_a in_o its_o due_a place_n and_o that_o i_o be_v suâ—â—_n to_o keep_v the_o instrument_n throughout_o the_o whole_a work_n to_o its_o true_a position_n by_o needle_n foresight_n and_o back-sight_n there_o be_v i_o confess_v divers_a other_o way_n of_o do_v this_o work_n but_o none_o more_o sure_a or_o plain_a especial_o if_o the_o ground_n be_v uneven_a for_o in_o that_o case_n if_o you_o protract_v according_a to_o the_o length_n of_o line_n measure_v from_o your_o station_n to_o the_o angle_n you_o will_v put_v your_o close_n into_o unproportionable_a shape_n except_o you_o reduce_v hypothenusal_a line_n to_o horizontal_n by_o instrument_n or_o otherwise_o which_o be_v somewhat_o troublesome_a and_o the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v when_o you_o plot_n with_o the_o chain_n only_o indeed_o the_o method_n
of_o measure_v only_o the_o stationary_a distance_n be_v very_o proper_a for_o set_v out_o the_o figure_n of_o each_o particular_a close_a provide_v the_o distance_n of_o the_o station_n be_v large_a and_o take_v if_o possible_a upon_o pretty_a even_a ground_n which_o sometime_o may_v be_v do_v though_o most_o of_o the_o close_a be_v uneven_a and_o the_o work_n so_o order_v as_o not_o to_o make_v too_o acute_a angle_n but_o because_o this_o require_v skill_n and_o care_n i_o rather_o advise_v my_o young_a artist_n to_o use_v the_o circle_a way_n as_o ordinary_o most_o commodious_a in_o my_o poor_a judgement_n but_o not_o prejudice_v other_o man_n that_n may_v differ_v from_o i_o in_o opinion_n and_o where_o need_n require_v let_v he_o observe_v the_o direction_n in_o the_o 17_o chapter_n but_o which_o way_n soever_o you_o go_v to_o work_v ☞_o there_o be_v one_o very_o necessary_a rule_n to_o be_v observe_v if_o the_o ground_n be_v uneven_a considerable_o you_o must_v not_o give_v up_o the_o content_a by_o measure_v the_o base_n and_o perpendicular_o of_o the_o triangle_n on_o the_o paper_n by_o your_o scale_n but_o you_o must_v measure_v the_o line_n correspondent_a to_o they_o on_o the_o ground_n and_o cast_v up_o the_o content_a according_a to_o that_o measure_n and_o if_o it_o be_v desire_v that_o you_o shall_v adjoyn_v to_o your_o plot_n as_o be_v usual_a a_o scale_n of_o chain_n to_o measure_v distance_n by_o you_o must_v either_o by_o make_v the_o form_n of_o hill_n erect_v and_o reverse_v or_o some_o other_o note_n in_o writing_n mark_v out_o your_o uneven_a ground_n lest_o those_o that_o try_v it_o by_o the_o scale_n judge_v your_o work_n erroneous_a for_o though_o you_o make_v that_o scale_n exact_o correspondent_a to_o that_o you_o protract_v by_o as_o you_o ought_v to_o do_v the_o hill_n and_o dale_n in_o the_o ground_n true_o measure_v may_v make_v a_o considerable_a alteration_n it_o be_v convenient_a when_o you_o plant_v your_o table_n that_o the_o needle_n hang_v just_a over_o the_o north-point_n of_o the_o compass_n under_o it_o in_o the_o box_n then_o may_v you_o by_o the_o line_n overthwart_o the_o frame_n of_o the_o table_n easy_o draw_v two_o line_n quite_o through_o the_o plot_n cut_v one_o another_o at_o right_a angle_n the_o one_o point_v at_o north_n and_o south_n and_o the_o other_o at_o east_n and_o west_n and_o if_o your_o skill_n serve_v you_o to_o make_v the_o two_o and_o thirty_o point_n of_o the_o compass_n upon_o the_o place_n where_o they_o intersect_v and_o to_o draw_v the_o form_n of_o the_o house_n wood_n and_o other_o remarkable_a thing_n upon_o the_o demesn_a and_o the_o course_n of_o brook_n and_o river_n run_v through_o it_o it_o will_v add_v to_o your_o commendation_n and_o so_o it_o will_v also_o if_o you_o take_v in_o such_o parcel_n of_o land_n bound_v it_o whether_o common_a or_o peculiar_a to_o other_o man_n as_o will_v make_v your_o plot_n to_o look_v handsome_o like_o a_o perfect_a square_n or_o oblong_o but_o however_o that_o be_v you_o must_v be_v sure_a to_o protract_v true_o all_o lane_n go_v into_o it_o or_o through_o it_o and_o all_o close_v of_o other_o man_n mix_v with_o it_o and_o also_o all_o considerable_a pond_n way_n and_o outlet_n with_o the_o name_n of_o the_o close_n and_o quality_n of_o the_o ground_n whether_o meadow_n pasture_n arable_a etc._n etc._n chap._n xvi_o concern_v shift_n of_o paper_n in_o such_o work_n as_o that_o of_o the_o last_o chapter_n it_o may_v sometime_o fall_v out_o through_o the_o multitude_n and_o largeness_n of_o field_n that_o one_o sheet_n will_v not_o hold_v your_o whole_a plot_n in_o which_o case_n you_o may_v help_v yourself_o by_o shift_a paper_n as_o we_o call_v it_o thus_o fig._n 33_o let_v abcd_n represent_v our_o sheet_n of_o paper_n that_o cover_v the_o table_n upon_o which_o the_o plot_n of_o the_o large_a piece_n of_o land_n efghik_n shall_v be_v draw_v have_v make_v my_o first_o station_n at_o e_o and_o the_o second_o at_o f_o i_o find_v my_o paper_n will_v not_o receive_v the_o line_n fg_v but_o however_o i_o draw_v so_o far_o as_o it_o will_v go_v to_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o paper_n and_o plant_v my_o table_n again_o at_o e_z proceed_v in_o my_o circuition_n the_o contrary_a way_n to_o k_o and_o i_o where_o i_o find_v myself_o again_o at_o a_o loss_n for_o my_o line_n ih_v but_o draw_v it_o also_o to_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o paper_n then_o with_o the_o point_n of_o my_o compass_n strike_v the_o line_n po_n parallel_n to_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o paper_n bc_n and_o the_o line_n qo_n parallel_n to_o dc_o and_o cut_v po_n in_o o_o i_o throw_v aside_o that_o paper_n for_o a_o while_n cover_v the_o instrument_n with_o a_o new_a one_o which_o i_o mark_v with_o the_o figure_n 2_o for_o my_o second_o sheet_n fig._n 34_o upon_o which_o second_o sheet_n the_o lead_a part_n whereof_o be_v represent_v by_o the_o three_o line_n meet_v in_o the_o angular_a point_n a_o and_o b_o i_o draw_v po_n parallel_v to_o ab_fw-la the_o lead_a edge_n of_o the_o paper_n and_o cross_v it_o at_o right_a angle_n in_o the_o point_n o_o by_o a_o parallel_n to_o bc_n viz._n the_o line_n or_o be_v of_o the_o same_o distance_n from_o bc_n that_o qo_o in_o the_o former_a sheet_n be_v from_o dc_o then_o with_o a_o rule_n and_o a_o sharp_a penknife_n i_o cut_v off_o the_o end_n of_o the_o first_o sheet_n at_o the_o line_n po_n and_o apply_v the_o edge_n of_o it_o to_o the_o line_n po_n of_o the_o second_o sheet_n so_o as_o it_o may_v touch_v that_o line_n all_o along_o and_o the_o line_n qo_o of_o the_o former_a touch_v the_o line_n or_o in_o the_o latter_a so_o as_o to_o make_v one_o line_n with_o it_o i_o draw_v the_o line_n pg_n be_v the_o remainder_n of_o the_o line_n fg_v and_o the_o line_n oh_o being_n the_o remainder_n of_o the_o line_n ih_v and_o from_o their_o extremity_n the_o line_n gh_n and_o if_o the_o plot_n require_v it_o you_o may_v proceed_v on_o in_o the_o second_o sheet_n and_o annex_v a_o three_o and_o a_o four_o etc._n etc._n as_o there_o be_v occasion_n these_o sheet_n may_v be_v piece_v together_o with_o mouth-glew_a or_o fine_a paste_n apply_v the_o edge_n of_o the_o former_a as_o you_o do_v upon_o the_o table_n to_o the_o line_n po_n of_o the_o latter_a and_o note_v here_o once_o for_o all_o that_o when_o i_o speak_v of_o apply_v the_o edge_n of_o the_o paper_n to_o a_o line_n i_o mean_v the_o precise_a edge_n cut_v by_o the_o line_n po_n but_o when_o i_o speak_v of_o draw_v line_n to_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o paper_n upon_o the_o table_n i_o hope_v none_o will_v think_v i_o so_o absurd_a as_o to_o mean_v the_o edge_n that_o be_v couch_v under_o the_o frame_n but_o that_o my_o meaning_n be_v that_o the_o line_n must_v be_v continue_v on_o the_o paper_n till_o they_o touch_v the_o frame_n chap._n xvii_o concern_v the_o plot_v of_o a_o town-field_n where_o the_o several_a land_n butt_n or_o doles_n be_v very_o crooked_a with_o a_o note_n concern_v hypothenusal_a or_o sloap_a boundary_n common_a to_o this_o and_o the_o fiftâ—enth_o chapter_n fig._n 35_o suppose_v abcde_v divide_v in_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o common_a field_n into_o seven_o part_n or_o doles_n belong_v to_o seven_o several_a man_n first_o plot_v the_o whole_a as_o before_o have_v be_v teach_v then_o measure_v from_o a_o to_o b_o upon_o the_o land_n set_v one_o note_v down_o as_o you_o go_v along_o at_o how_o many_o chain_n or_o link_n or_o both_o the_o division_n be_v between_o dole_n and_o dole_n and_o according_o mark_v they_o out_o by_o the_o help_n of_o scale_n and_o compass_n in_o the_o line_n ab_fw-la on_o the_o paper_n plot_n in_o the_o very_a same_o manner_n you_o must_v measure_v and_o mark_v out_o the_o line_n oc_fw-fr and_o ed_z which_o be_v do_v take_v the_o paper_n off_o the_o instrument_n and_o lay_v it_o before_o you_o on_o a_o table_n with_o the_o side_n ae_n towards_o you_o the_o compass_n must_v be_v so_o open_v and_o place_v as_o by_o a_o few_o trial_n they_o may_v that_o one_o foot_n rest_v upon_o the_o table_n the_o other_o may_v pass_v through_o the_o point_n of_o division_n upon_o all_o the_o three_o line_n viz._n ab_fw-la oc_fw-la and_o ed_z as_o in_o this_o figure_n they_o do_v if_o the_o content_a of_o any_o one_o or_o more_o of_o these_o part_n butt_n or_o doles_n be_v desire_v without_o plot_v it_o may_v easy_o be_v do_v without_o your_o plain-table_n thus_o take_v the_o breadth_n by_o your_o chain_n at_o the_o head_n middle_a and_o low_a end_n and_o add_v these_o number_n together_o the_o three_o part_n of_o their_o sum_n be_v the_o equated_a breadth_n by_o which_o multiply_v the_o
length_n measure_v down_o the_o ridge_n or_o middle_a the_o product_n give_v the_o content_a but_o both_o in_o this_o case_n and_o that_o mention_v in_o the_o 15_o chapter_n the_o figure_n of_o a_o plot_n may_v be_v somewhat_o disorder_v not_o only_o by_o the_o unevenness_n of_o the_o ground_n within_o for_o which_o i_o have_v give_v due_a caution_n already_o that_o be_v both_o the_o more_o common_a and_o more_o considerable_a case_n but_o also_o by_o the_o great_a diclivity_n of_o the_o ground_n where_o the_o boundary-line_n go_v either_o of_o the_o whole_a plot_n or_o particular_a parcel_n for_o whereas_o in_o plot_v every_o line_n be_v presume_v to_o be_v horizontal_n or_o level_a that_o it_o may_v pass_v from_o angle_n to_o angle_v the_o short_a way_n and_o that_o every_o part_n may_v be_v due_o situate_v and_o none_o thrust_v another_o out_o of_o its_o right_a place_n if_o it_o be_v not_o level_a but_o fall_v down_o towards_o a_o valley_n or_o rise_v up_o hill_n or_o compound_v of_o both_o a_o line_n over_o such_o ground_n though_o true_a for_o the_o measure_n and_o for_o give_v up_o the_o content_a will_v be_v false_a as_o to_o the_o plot_n and_o therefore_o must_v be_v reduce_v to_o a_o level_n and_o so_o take_v off_o the_o scale_n and_o protract_v for_o the_o do_n of_o this_o there_o be_v several_a instrument_n very_o proper_a especial_o mr._n rathbourne'_v quadrant_n upon_o the_o head_n of_o his_o peractor_n though_o it_o be_v better_a to_o have_v a_o semicircle_n than_o a_o quadrant_n so_o place_v and_o divers_a other_o but_o suppose_v my_o country_n friend_n to_o have_v no_o other_o but_o such_o as_o i_o have_v already_o describe_v i_o shall_v show_v he_o a_o plain_a easy_a way_n much_o use_v by_o practical_a surveyor_n especial_o in_o ireland_n as_o some_o of_o themselves_o have_v tell_v i_o be_v the_o very_a same_o that_o he_o may_v meet_v with_o in_o mr._n leybourn_n book_n entitle_v the_o complete_a surveyor_n i_o mean_v the_o second_o way_n by_o he_o discover_v fig._n 36_o suppose_v abc_n to_o be_v part_n of_o a_o hill_n fall_v within_o my_o plot_n my_o boundary-line_n go_v crooked_o from_o a_o to_o b_o follow_v the_o surface_n of_o the_o ground_n to_o find_v the_o horizontal_n line_n equal_a to_o ac_fw-la i_o cause_v one_o to_o stand_v at_o the_o point_n a_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o hill_n and_o to_o hold_v up_o the_o end_n of_o the_o chain_n to_o a_o convenient_a height_n and_o gentle_o ascend_v the_o hill_n i_o draw_v it_o level_n and_o make_v a_o mark_n where_o it_o touch_v the_o hill_n observe_v the_o number_n of_o link_n betwixt_o my_o assistant's_a hand_n and_o that_o place_n where_o he_o must_v take_v his_o second_o stand_v and_o hold_v it_o up_o as_o before_o and_o so_o i_o draw_v it_o out_o level_a again_o till_o it_o touch_v the_o place_n where_o he_o must_v take_v his_o three_o stand_v note_v the_o link_n as_o before_o and_o so_o proceed_v till_o at_o last_o from_o his_o five_o stand_v i_o draw_v the_o chain_n level_v to_o the_o high_a point_n within_o my_o plot_n viz._n the_o point_n b._n and_o now_o as_o the_o prick_a line_n of_o this_o figure_n put_v together_o and_o evident_o equal_a to_o the_o line_n ac_fw-la so_o be_v the_o link_n note_v down_o at_o every_o station_n when_o sum_v up_o equal_a to_o the_o horizontal_n line_n of_o that_o part_n of_o the_o hill_n in_o the_o very_a same_o manner_n only_o invert_v the_o order_n you_o may_v find_v the_o horizontal_n line_n go_v downhill_o where_o that_o be_v most_o convenient_a and_o if_o there_o be_v both_o ascent_n and_o descent_n in_o one_o line_n betwixt_o two_o angle_n the_o horizontal_n line_n of_o both_o must_v be_v find_v and_o join_v together_o in_o protraction_n all_o this_o concern_v declivity_n of_o rise_v or_o fall_v ground_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v when_o they_o be_v considerable_a and_o a_o very_a exact_a plot_n require_v for_o small_a one_o especial_o when_o much_o exactness_n be_v not_o expect_v be_v not_o regardable_a chap._n xviii_o concern_v plot_v a_o piece_n of_o ground_n by_o the_o degree_n upon_o the_o frame_n of_o the_o plain-table_n several_a way_n and_o protract_v the_o same_o hitherto_o i_o have_v show_v the_o use_n of_o the_o plain-table_n as_o such_o and_o i_o think_v my_o direction_n have_v be_v near_o as_o plain_a as_o the_o instrument_n itself_o at_o which_o some_o quarrel_n for_o its_o over-plainness_n expose_v the_o art_n to_o proud_a ignorant_a people_n who_o judge_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o surveyor_n work_v to_o be_v as_o easy_a as_o look_v through_o sight_n at_o a_o mark_n and_o draw_v line_n by_o a_o rule_n be_v apt_a to_o undertake_v to_o use_v it_o or_o slight_v the_o skill_n of_o such_o as_o do_v other_o say_v and_o that_o true_o that_o for_o vast_a thing_n such_o as_o forest_n chase_n etc._n etc._n the_o circumferentor_n be_v more_o proper_a and_o every_o one_o must_v grant_v that_o in_o wet_a wether_n either_o that_o a_o peractor_n a_o theodolite_a or_o semicircle_n must_v needs_o be_v better_a than_o the_o plain-table_n cover_v with_o the_o paper_n which_o can_v endure_v wet_a hence_o it_o be_v that_o some_o artist_n have_v to_o good_a purpose_n show_v how_o the_o box_n screw_v to_o the_o index_n and_o that_o make_v to_o turn_v on_o the_o head_n of_o the_o three-legged_a staff_n become_v a_o circumferentor_n and_o if_o these_o thus_o fix_v be_v turn_v about_o upon_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o table_n they_o will_v say_v some_o with_o good_a reason_n mr._n leybourn_n for_o one_o perform_v the_o work_n of_o the_o peractor_n much_o better_a than_o the_o peractor_n itself_o other_o show_v as_o i_o shall_v brief_o that_o take_v the_o instrument_n as_o it_o be_v without_o the_o charge_n of_o further_a fit_v it_o or_o trouble_v of_o remove_v the_o box_n the_o index_n turn_v upon_o the_o centre_n will_v by_o help_n of_o the_o degree_n on_o the_o frame_n perform_v the_o work_n of_o the_o theodolite_a to_o which_o the_o semicircle_n be_v near_o of_o kin_n and_o though_o i_o may_v easy_o answer_v all_o these_o objection_n by_o say_v the_o first_o be_v frivolous_a such_o foolish_a arrogance_n be_v easy_o contemn_v or_o check_v if_o worth_a the_o while_n by_o put_v such_o conceit_a fool_n upon_o the_o hard_a part_n of_o the_o work_n the_o second_o impertinent_a to_o our_o purpose_n who_o design_v not_o to_o plot_v such_o vast_a parcel_n of_o land_n and_o the_o three_o concern_v only_o a_o extraordinary_a case_n and_o that_o well_o provide_v for_o otherways_o for_o sure_o no_o man_n that_o have_v not_o a_o body_n of_o the_o same_o metal_n with_o his_o instrument_n will_v ordinary_o measure_v land_n in_o continual_a rain_n a_o sudden_a shower_n may_v be_v fence_v against_o by_o a_o cover_n and_o if_o any_o be_v so_o eager_a upon_o his_o work_n i_o have_v show_v â—how_v it_o may_v be_v do_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n of_o this_o book_n without_o plant_v any_o instrument_n at_o all_o by_o chain_n scale_n and_o compass_n alone_o yet_o i_o shall_v show_v how_o the_o plot_n of_o a_o field_n may_v be_v taâ—en_v by_o the_o degree_n on_o the_o frame_v not_o every_o way_n that_o i_o can_v imagine_v nor_o that_o i_o can_v transcribe_v for_o that_o will_v be_v tedious_a but_o two_o way_n only_o whereof_o the_o one_o be_v proper_a for_o a_o ordinary_a close_n where_o all_o the_o angle_n may_v be_v see_v from_o 〈◊〉_d station_n within_o it_o the_o other_o fit_v any_o parâ—â—l_n of_o land_n though_o much_o large_a whatever_o be_v the_o figure_n of_o it_o for_o the_o former_a take_v this_o example_n fig._n 37_o let_v abcde_v represent_v the_o figure_n of_o field_n to_o be_v plot_v by_o the_o plain-table_n in_o rain_n weather_n i_o put_v on_o the_o frame_n without_o a_o papâ—â—_n the_o graduated_a side_n upward_o and_o plant_v it_o iâ—_n some_o convenient_a place_n whence_o i_o can_v see_v aâ—â—_n the_o angles_n as_o at_o o_o then_o place_v the_o index_n upon_o thâ—_n table_n so_o as_o the_o fiducial_a edge_n do_v 〈◊〉_d the_o same_o time_n go_v through_o the_o centre_n upon_o the_o table_n and_o the_o line_n upon_o the_o frame_n of_o thâ—_n table_n cut_v it_o perpendicular_o at_o 360_o wheâ—â—_n the_o degree_n begin_v and_o end_v and_o 180_o the_o 〈◊〉_d act_v half_a i_o turn_v about_o the_o table_n upon_o the_o staâ—â—â—head_n till_o through_o the_o sight_n the_o side_n markeâ—_n with_o 180_o being_n next_o my_o eye_n i_o see_v thâ—â—_n angle_v a_o and_o then_o screw_v it_o fast_o observe_v where_o my_o needle_n cut_v and_o by_o back-sighâ—_a cause_v a_o mark_n to_o be_v set_v up_o in_o the_o line_n cd_o 〈◊〉_d the_o point_n f_o that_o the_o instrument_n may_v be_v keâ—â—_n firm_a from_o move_v or_o be_v rectify_v if_o it_o be_v move_v during_o the_o work_n and_o now_o the_o liâ—â—_n aof_o
pass_v upon_o the_o land_n from_o the_o angâ—â—_n a_o direct_o under_o the_o sight_n of_o the_o instrument_n to_o the_o mark_n at_o f_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o priâ—â—_n diameter_n whence_o the_o degree_n of_o the_o angel_n 〈◊〉_d to_o be_v number_v and_o according_o i_o mark_v thâ—_n angle_v a_o in_o my_o table_n hereafter_o to_o be_v exemplâ—â—fied_v with_o 360_o degree_n but_o to_o proceed_v turn_v my_o index_n with_o the_o fiducial_a edge_n upon_o 〈◊〉_d centre_n till_o i_o see_v the_o thread_n cut_v the_o maâ—â—â—_n at_o b_o the_o say_a edge_n cut_v upon_o the_o frame_n at_o 〈◊〉_d deg._n 15._o min._n which_o i_o note_v down_o for_o that_o angle_n the_o like_a work_n i_o do_v turn_v the_o sight_n to_o cd_o and_o d_o but_o not_o to_o f_o for_o there_o be_v no_o angle_n but_o only_o a_o mark_n in_o the_o boundary_a and_o i_o find_v my_o index_n to_o cut_v for_o every_o angle_n as_o i_o have_v mark_v they_o within_o the_o prick_a circle_n of_o the_o last_o figure_n viz._n 157_o deg._n 35_o min._n for_o c_o 225_o deg._n 20_o min._n for_o d_o and_o 278_o deg._n and_o 50_o min._n for_o e._n then_o i_o measure_v or_o cause_n to_o be_v strict_o measure_v by_o other_o the_o distance_n betwixt_o the_o place_n where_o the_o instrument_n stand_v and_o every_o angle_n and_o find_v they_o to_o be_v as_o i_o have_v set_v they_o upon_o the_o prick_a line_n in_o the_o little_a circle_n viz._n a4_n chain_n â—0_n link_n b4_n chain_n 3_o link_n c3_n ch._n 84_o li._n d5_n ch._n 35_o li._n e5_n cha._n 6_o l._n and_o now_o my_o table_n both_o for_o line_n and_o angle_n be_v thus_o perfect_v and_o the_o work_n be_v ready_a for_o protraction_n within_o door_n  _fw-fr d._n m._n c._n l_o a_o 360_o 00_o 4_o 20_o b_o 76_o 15_o 4_o 03_o c_o 157_o 35_o 3_o 84_o d_o 225_o 20_o 5_o 35_o e_z 278_o 50_o 6_o 06_o your_o judgement_n will_v easy_o inform_v you_o that_o in_o such_o weather_n we_o shall_v hardly_o stand_v to_o make_v our_o table_n neat_a and_o formal_a but_o any_o thing_n how_o rude_a soever_o that_o we_o can_v understand_v do_v the_o feat_n a_o welsh_a slate_n with_o a_o sharp_a style_n or_o for_o want_v thereof_o a_o black-lead_a pen_n and_o a_o smooth_a end_n of_o a_o hard_a board_n like_o a_o trencher_n be_v more_o convenient_a at_o such_o a_o season_n than_o pen_n ink_n and_o paper_n but_o of_o all_o i_o will_v commend_v for_o expedition_n a_o red-lead_a pen_n ☜_o whereby_o you_o may_v mark_v out_o every_o angle_n neat_o with_o one_o touch_n upon_o the_o table_n itself_o just_o where_o it_o touch_v the_o frame_n by_o help_n of_o the_o fiducial_a edge_n and_o close_o by_o it_o the_o length_n of_o the_o line_n from_o the_o centre_n to_o that_o angle_n all_o which_o may_v be_v easy_o clear_v off_o by_o a_o wet_a sponge_n or_o cloth_n so_o soon_o as_o you_o have_v protract_v or_o if_o through_o the_o sponginess_n of_o the_o wood_n the_o head_n of_o the_o table_n which_o we_o use_v to_o cover_v with_o paper_n be_v make_v a_o little_a radish_n what_o great_a harm_n be_v that_o we_o be_v force_v to_o do_v it_o more_o real_a wrong_n by_o the_o point_n of_o the_o compass_n in_o the_o ordinary_a way_n now_o to_o protract_v our_o observation_n i_o draw_v upon_o a_o paper_n the_o line_n of_o at_o adventure_n so_o it_o be_v long_o enough_o and_o stick_v a_o pin_n in_o it_o at_o pleasure_n for_o the_o centre_n o_o upon_o which_o i_o place_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o protractor_n so_o as_o the_o straight_a side_n or_o diameter_n of_o the_o protractor_n may_v just_o lie_v upon_o the_o line_n of_o the_o limb_n or_o arched-side_n be_v upward_o towards_o b_o by_o help_n whereof_o i_o make_v a_o prick_n or_o point_n on_o the_o paper_n at_o 76_o deg._n 15_o min._n for_o b_o and_o at_o 157_o deg._n 35_o min._n for_o c_o according_a to_o the_o number_n near_a to_o the_o limb._n then_o turn_v the_o protractor_n about_o on_o the_o pin_n with_o the_o arch_n or_o limb_n down_o towards_o d_o and_o e_o till_o the_o diameter_n lie_v again_o just_a upon_o the_o line_n of_o i_o number_v downward_o from_o the_o right_a hand_n towards_o the_o left_a by_o that_o rank_n of_o figure_n that_o be_v near_o to_o the_o centre_n begin_v 190_o 200_o etc._n etc._n and_o over_o against_o the_o place_n where_o 225_o deg._n 20_o min._n and_o 278_o deg._n 50_o min._n fall_v i_o prick_v the_o paper_n at_o the_o side_n of_o the_o limb_n and_o through_o those_o four_o point_n i_o draw_v so_o many_o several_a line_n have_v lay_v aside_o the_o protractor_n upon_o which_o and_o also_o upon_o the_o line_n ao_o i_o mark_v out_o by_o point_n the_o true_a measure_n of_o every_o line_n by_o a_o scale_n from_o the_o centre_n and_o from_o those_o point_n draw_v the_o line_n ab_fw-la bc_n cd_o de_fw-fr and_o ea_fw-la i_o have_v the_o true_a plot_n of_o the_o field_n where_o note_n by_o the_o way_n that_o we_o estimate_v minute_n as_o well_o as_o we_o can_v both_o upon_o the_o frame_n of_o the_o plain-table_n and_o the_o protractor_n account_v half_o a_o degree_n 30_o minute_n a_o three_o part_n â—0_n a_o four_o part_n 15_o etc._n etc._n and_o though_o by_o this_o mean_v it_o be_v impossible_a to_o avoid_v small_a error_n it_o be_v easy_a to_o avoid_v sensible_a one_o and_o the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v when_o we_o protract_v by_o a_o line_n of_o chord_n of_o which_o i_o now_o come_v to_o treat_v have_v proceed_v in_o the_o field_n as_o before_o and_o make_v my_o table_n for_o line_n and_o angle_n or_o do_v that_o which_o be_v equivolent_a by_o a_o red-lead_a pen_n i_o draw_v the_o line_n of_o and_o have_v extend_v my_o compass_n to_o the_o radius_fw-la or_o 60_o degree_n on_o a_o line_n of_o chord_n i_o set_v one_o foot_n towards_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o line_n of_o and_o with_o the_o other_o i_o describe_v a_o circle_n like_o that_o in_o this_o figure_n of_o a_o fiveangled_n field_n but_o much_o large_a according_a to_o the_o length_n of_o the_o radius_fw-la then_o extend_v the_o compass_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o line_n to_o 76_o deg._n 15_o min._n i_o set_v one_o foot_n in_o the_o intersection_n of_o the_o circle_n by_o the_o line_n a_o and_o with_o the_o other_o foot_n make_v a_o mark_n in_o the_o circumference_n of_o the_o circle_n upward_o towards_o the_o right-hand_a and_o through_o it_o draw_v the_o dry_a line_n boy_n in_o the_o next_o place_n i_o subtract_v the_o angle_n 76._o 15_o from_o 157._o 35_o where_o the_o index_n cut_v for_o the_o angle_n c_o and_o there_o rest_v 81_o deg._n 20_o min._n which_o i_o take_v off_o the_o line_n as_o before_o and_o set_v it_o upon_o the_o circumference_n from_o the_o intersection_n by_o boy_n towards_o the_o end_n of_o the_o diameter_n mark_v with_o f_o and_o through_o the_o point_n be_v it_o fall_v draw_v the_o dry_a line_n co._n in_o like_a manner_n i_o subtract_v 157_o deg._n 35_o min._n from_o 225_o deg._n 20_o min._n and_o the_o difference_n be_v 67_o deg._n 45_o min._n which_o i_o set_v from_o the_o intersection_n by_o the_o line_n co_z downward_o past_o the_o prime_a diameter_n of_o and_o through_o the_o point_n where_o it_o fall_v draw_v the_o line_n do_v last_o have_v subtract_v 225_o deg._n 20_o min._n from_o 278_o deg._n 50_o min._n there_o rest_v 53_o deg._n 30_o min._n which_o must_v be_v set_v downward_o towards_o the_o left-hand_a from_o the_o intersection_n by_o do_v and_o through_o the_o point_n where_o that_o fall_v i_o draw_v the_o line_n eo_fw-la and_o now_o when_o i_o have_v set_v the_o particular_a measure_n upon_o every_o line_n and_o draw_v the_o boundary_a line_n as_o i_o must_v have_v do_v if_o i_o have_v use_v a_o protractor_n the_o plot_n be_v finish_v but_o for_o better_a assurance_n that_o i_o have_v do_v my_o work_n well_o i_o take_v the_o measure_n of_o the_o remain_a angle_n aoe_v upon_o its_o proper_a arch_n viz._n from_o the_o intersection_n of_o the_o circumference_n by_o of_o to_o the_o intersection_n by_o eo_fw-la and_o apply_v it_o to_o the_o line_n of_o chord_n i_o find_v it_o to_o be_v 81_o deg._n 10_o min_n as_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v for_o it_o shall_v be_v the_o compliment_n of_o 276_o deg._n 50_o min._n to_o 360_o and_o so_o it_o be_v and_o for_o further_a satisfaction_n i_o sum_v up_o the_o degree_n and_o minute_n of_o all_o the_o five_o angle_n which_o for_o plainness_n sake_n i_o have_v note_v in_o every_o one_o of_o they_o on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o circle_n in_o the_o figure_n so_o often_o refer_v to_o and_o their_o sum_n be_v 360_o as_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v and_o as_o here_o be_v evident_a 76._o 1â—_n 81._o 20_o 67._o 4â—_n 53._o 3â—_n 81._o 1â—_n 360._o