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not_o so_o certain_a as_o be_v convenient_a because_o it_o oft_o come_v to_o pass_v either_o because_o the_o mariner_n have_v not_o make_v true_a account_n of_o the_o way_n that_o his_o ship_n have_v make_v or_o for_o some_o other_o cause_n therewith_o concur_v that_o if_o he_o take_v the_o height_n by_o the_o sun_n or_o by_o the_o north_n star_n after_o he_o have_v cast_v his_o point_n he_o come_v not_o to_o find_v himself_o in_o that_o distance_n from_o the_o equinoctial_a which_o his_o point_n of_o imagination_n do_v show_v he_o but_o in_o some_o other_o distance_n and_o to_o avoid_v this_o error_n there_o be_v another_o way_n of_o cast_v your_o point_n in_o the_o chart_n which_o be_v call_v punto_n de_fw-fr esquadria_fw-fr the_o traverse_n point_n which_o point_n presuppose_v the_o assure_a knowledge_n of_o two_o thing_n one_o be_v the_o rumb_n by_o which_o you_o have_v sail_v the_o other_o be_v your_o distance_n from_o the_o equinoctial_a for_o all_o this_o art_n of_o navigation_n be_v ground_v upon_o the_o course_n and_o height_n which_o be_v in_o quantity_n all_o one_o with_o the_o distance_n from_o the_o equinoctial_a the_o rumb_n or_o course_n be_v always_o know_v by_o the_o compass_n the_o height_n by_o the_o star_n and_o the_o distance_n from_o the_o equinoctial_a by_o the_o sun_n this_o be_v know_v set_v the_o foot_n of_o one_o compass_n at_o the_o port_n or_o place_n from_o whence_o you_o depart_v and_o the_o other_o foot_n in_o the_o next_o rumb_n where_o upon_o you_o have_v sail_v and_o place_v one_o point_n of_o a_o other_o pair_n of_o compass_n upon_o the_o line_n of_o graduation_n in_o the_o degree_n of_o your_o distance_n from_o the_o equinoctial_a and_o the_o other_o point_n upon_o the_o next_o east_n and_o west_n rumb_n let_v these_o two_o pair_n of_o compass_n stand_v thus_o open_a run_v along_o the_o rumb_n one_o towards_o another_o till_o the_o point_n which_o come_v from_o the_o place_n of_o your_o departure_n and_o that_o other_o which_o come_v from_o the_o height_n of_o your_o graduation_n meet_v and_o where_o they_o meet_v there_o be_v the_o place_n of_o your_o ship_n and_o this_o point_n so_o find_v out_o be_v most_o certain_a when_o the_o height_n be_v careful_o take_v and_o the_o rumb_n know_v chap._n xxii_o of_o the_o amend_v of_o the_o point_n of_o imagination_n he_o that_o know_v how_o to_o find_v out_o the_o point_n by_o traverse_v shall_v easy_o amend_v the_o point_n of_o imagination_n when_o have_v take_v his_o height_n he_o find_v the_o say_a point_n not_o to_o be_v good_a and_o certain_a and_o here_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o when_o you_o sail_v east_n and_o west_n and_o find_v the_o point_n by_o imagination_n this_o point_n can_v be_v amend_v but_o you_o must_v sail_v in_o doubt_n how_o many_o league_n you_o have_v go_v until_o you_o fall_v with_o the_o land_n because_o that_o sail_v in_o that_o course_n neither_o the_o height_n of_o the_o pole_n nor_o your_o distance_n from_o the_o equinoctial_a do_v any_o whit_n alter_v but_o when_o you_o sail_v by_o any_o other_o rumb_n your_o point_n of_o imagination_n may_v be_v amend_v and_o the_o amendment_n thereof_o shall_v be_v so_o much_o the_o more_o certain_a as_o the_o rumb_n of_o your_o navigation_n come_v near_a to_o the_o north_n or_o south_n and_o by_o so_o much_o the_o more_o uncertain_a as_o it_o come_v near_a to_o the_o east_n or_o west_n this_o amendment_n be_v make_v two_o manner_n of_o way_n namely_o either_o by_o traverse_v or_o by_o the_o amendment_n of_o north_n and_o south_n and_o east_n and_o west_n which_o second_o amendment_n though_o it_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o traverse_v yet_o it_o be_v call_v by_o another_o name_n to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o the_o first_o the_o amendment_n of_o the_o point_n of_o imagination_n by_o the_o traverse_n point_n when_o you_o will_v amend_v your_o point_n of_o imagination_n by_o traverse_v you_o must_v set_v one_o foot_n of_o one_o pair_n of_o your_o compass_n in_o the_o point_n find_v by_o imagination_n and_o the_o other_o foot_n upon_o the_o next_o rumb_n by_o which_o you_o have_v sail_v and_o set_v the_o foot_n of_o another_o pair_n of_o compass_n in_o the_o line_n of_o graduation_n upon_o the_o number_n of_o degree_n which_o you_o find_v yourself_o distant_a from_o the_o equinoctial_a and_o the_o other_o foot_n upon_o the_o next_o east_n and_o west_n line_n run_v with_o your_o compass_n so_o open_v by_o the_o foresay_a rumb_n till_o the_o point_n proceed_v from_o the_o graduation_n and_o the_o other_o which_o proceed_v from_o the_o point_n of_o imagination_n do_v meet_v just_a together_o and_o then_o you_o may_v say_v that_o your_o point_n of_o imagination_n be_v mend_v by_o traverse_v the_o amendment_n of_o the_o point_n of_o imagination_n by_o north_n south_n east_n and_o west_n the_o amendment_n by_o north_n south_n east_n west_n be_v after_o this_o manner_n set_v the_o foot_n of_o one_o compass_n upon_o the_o point_n find_v by_o imagination_n and_o the_o other_o foot_n upon_o the_o next_o north_n and_o south_n rumb_n then_o place_v one_o foot_n of_o another_o compass_n in_o the_o line_n of_o graduation_n upon_o the_o degree_n wherein_o you_o find_v yourself_o and_o the_o other_o upon_o the_o next_o east_n and_o west_n rumb_n and_o so_o let_v these_o two_o compass_n run_v thus_o open_a by_o their_o rumb_n till_o the_o point_n which_o 〈◊〉_d from_o the_o point_n of_o imagination_n and_o the_o other_o which_o come_v from_o the_o graduation_n do_v meet_v for_o than_o be_v your_o point_n of_o imagination_n amend_v by_o the_o amendment_n of_o east_n west_n north_n south_n of_o these_o two_o amendment_n the_o first_o serve_v when_o you_o sail_v in_o a_o large_a gulf_n because_o you_o may_v run_v at_o liberty_n with_o the_o compass_n the_o second_o serve_v near_o unto_o any_o coast_n chap._n xxiii_o the_o point_n by_o imagination_n and_o the_o height_n when_o you_o sail_v by_o the_o six_o or_o seven_o rumb_n that_o be_v by_o the_o east_n and_o by_o north_n or_o east_n and_o by_o south_n or_o by_o the_o west_n and_o by_o north_n or_o west_n and_o by_o south_n or_o else_o by_o the_o east_n northeast_n or_o west_n southwest_n or_o by_o the_o east_n southeast_n or_o west_n northwest_o there_o be_v a_o certain_a difficulty_n which_o may_v breed_v great_a error_n in_o find_v the_o traverse_n point_n notwithstanding_o the_o latitude_n be_v take_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o rudder_n that_o guide_v the_o ship_n which_o give_v certain_a yawe_n out_o of_o the_o course_n that_o the_o pilot_n pretend_v or_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o wind_n which_o blow_v not_o right_a in_o the_o poop_n but_o make_v the_o ship_n fall_v to_o the_o leeward_n from_o the_o direct_a and_o true_a course_n which_o it_o ought_v to_o keep_v wherefore_o because_o in_o such_o a_o case_n if_o you_o find_v your_o point_n by_o traverse_v suppose_v by_o east_n and_o by_o north_n the_o way_n which_o i_o think_v be_v make_v and_o have_v be_v fail_v may_v be_v by_o the_o east_n northeast_n which_o point_n so_o find_v must_v stand_v more_o forward_o than_o the_o true_a point_n by_o so_o much_o difference_n as_o there_o be_v between_o 42_o and_o 88_o spanish_a league_n which_o be_v 46_o league_n that_o be_v the_o difference_n of_o distance_n from_o the_o meridian_n or_o north_n and_o south_n line_n in_o those_o two_o point_n in_o such_o a_o case_n as_o this_o it_o be_v not_o meet_v to_o find_v your_o point_n by_o traverse_v to_o avoid_v the_o error_n which_o hereupon_o may_v ensue_v which_o error_n arise_v of_o such_o a_o cause_n as_o that_o a_o man_n judgement_n be_v it_o never_o so_o good_a can_v easy_o determine_v thereupon_o and_o so_o consequent_o he_o can_v judge_v precise_o but_o to_o avoid_v confusion_n and_o cause_n of_o error_n he_o must_v
answer_v unto_o one_o degree_n of_o latitude_n 45_o league_n and_o ¾_n and_o you_o be_v then_o part_v from_o your_o right_a line_n 42_o league_n and_o ¼_n upon_o the_o seven_o point_n do_v answer_v unto_o one_o degree_n of_o latitude_n 89_o league_n and_o ¾_n and_o you_o be_v depart_v from_o your_o right_a line_n 88_o league_n as_o it_o appear_v out_o of_o the_o table_n follow_v the_o table_n of_o the_o author_n which_o be_v more_o precise_a league_n of_o the_o course_n or_o rumb_n distance_n from_o the_o right_a line_n 1_o 17_o â—_o 6_o 3_o ½_o 2_o 19_o â…œ_n 7_o ¼_n 3_o 21_o 11_o â…”_n 4_o 24_o ¾_n 17_o ½_o 5_o 31_o ½_o 26_o â…•_n 6_o 45_o ¾_n 42_o ¼_n 7_o 89_o ¾_n 88_o the_o old_a table_n which_o be_v less_o certain_a leagus_n of_o the_o course_n or_o rumb_n distance_n from_o the_o right_a line_n or_o meridian_n 18_o 3_o ½_o 18_o ½_o 7_o ½_o 21_o ½_o 11_o â…”_n 25_o 17_o ½_o 31_o ½_o 26_o ½_o 46_o ½_o 42_o ½_o 88_o 85_o chap._n xxviii_o how_o you_o may_v come_v to_o know_v the_o longitude_n or_o the_o course_n from_o east_n to_o west_n that_o which_o the_o cosmographer_n call_v longitude_n be_v call_v by_o the_o mariner_n the_o distance_n from_o the_o right_a line_n and_o the_o course_n of_o east_n and_o west_n and_o the_o height_n of_o east_n and_o west_n and_o it_o be_v a_o part_n of_o a_o east_n and_o west_n rumb_v contain_v between_o two_o meridian_n one_o of_o which_o run_v by_o the_o point_n or_o place_n from_o whence_o we_o depart_v and_o the_o other_o by_o the_o point_n where_o the_o ship_n be_v this_o distance_n from_o the_o right_a line_n be_v know_v by_o the_o mean_a of_o two_o thing_n namely_o of_o the_o course_n and_o of_o the_o difference_n of_o latitude_n or_o of_o the_o course_n and_o distance_n the_o course_n and_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o height_n be_v give_v you_o may_v know_v the_o say_a distance_n by_o traverse_n or_o by_o number_n by_o geometry_n or_o traverse_v it_o be_v know_v in_o manner_n follow_v the_o height_n or_o the_o distance_n of_o your_o ship_n from_o the_o equinoctial_a be_v know_v and_o the_o rumb_n also_o upon_o which_o you_o have_v sail_v you_o must_v cast_v upon_o your_o chart_n a_o point_n by_o traverse_n and_o place_v upon_o that_o point_n one_o of_o the_o point_n of_o your_o compass_n and_o the_o other_o upon_o the_o next_o rumb_n of_o east_n and_o west_n you_o must_v place_n one_o point_n of_o another_o pair_n of_o compass_n at_o the_o haven_n or_o point_n from_o whence_o the_o ship_n depart_v and_o the_o other_o point_n upon_o the_o north_n and_o south_n rumb_n which_o be_v next_o these_o two_o compass_n thus_o open_v run_v by_o their_o rumb_n one_o towards_o another_o you_o must_v mark_v where_o the_o two_o point_n meet_v namely_o that_o which_o come_v out_o of_o the_o part_n from_o whence_o you_o depart_v and_o that_o which_o you_o remove_v from_o the_o point_n where_o the_o ship_n present_o be_v be_v find_v by_o traverse_n and_o where_o those_o two_o point_n do_v meet_v there_o make_v another_o point_n or_o prick_v then_o look_v how_o many_o league_n there_o be_v from_o the_o say_v three_o point_n to_o the_o point_n of_o traverse_n where_o the_o ship_n be_v both_o which_o do_v always_o bear_v east_n and_o west_n one_o from_o another_o so_o many_o league_n be_v your_o distance_n from_o the_o right_a line_n and_o if_o in_o stead_n of_o the_o league_n set_v down_o in_o the_o scale_n we_o measure_v with_o degree_n take_v out_o of_o the_o graduation_n sea-chart_n we_o shall_v have_v the_o degree_n of_o longitude_n which_o be_v between_o the_o point_n of_o our_o departure_n and_o the_o point_n of_o the_o place_n where_o present_o we_o be_v and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o always_o when_o we_o sail_v we_o either_o alter_v our_o latitude_n only_o and_o that_o be_v when_o we_o sail_v north_n and_o south_n or_o we_o alter_v the_o longitude_n only_o that_o be_v when_o we_o sail_v by_o the_o selfsame_a latitude_n go_v always_o east_n and_o west_n by_o the_o same_o parallel_v or_o we_o alter_v both_o latitude_n and_o longitude_n when_o we_o sail_v by_o any_o of_o the_o other_o 28_o wind_n when_o we_o alter_v the_o latitude_n only_o we_o swerve_v not_o one_o jot_n from_o the_o right_a line_n or_o meridian_n when_o we_o alter_v both_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n then_o must_v we_o find_v the_o longitude_n or_o distance_n from_o the_o right_a line_n in_o manner_n abovesaid_a but_o when_o your_o longitude_n only_o be_v alter_v because_o than_o you_o must_v find_v out_o the_o point_n where_o the_o ship_n be_v by_o imagination_n only_o there_o be_v no_o certain_a manner_n to_o know_v the_o longitude_n or_o distance_n from_o the_o right_a line_n but_o only_o little_a more_o or_o less_o set_v down_o a_o point_n by_o imagination_n and_o measure_v by_o league_n or_o by_o degree_n what_o distance_n there_o be_v between_o that_o and_o the_o point_n from_o which_o the_o ship_n depart_v by_o number_n you_o may_v find_v out_o the_o longitude_n in_o manner_n follow_v the_o difference_n of_o your_o distance_n from_o the_o equinoctial_a be_v know_v which_o be_v so_o many_o degree_n more_o or_o less_o as_o you_o have_v increase_v or_o diminish_v in_o the_o height_n of_o the_o pole_n look_v in_o the_o table_n annex_v to_o the_o chapter_n next_o before_o this_o for_o the_o league_n of_o distance_n from_o the_o right_a line_n which_o answer_n unto_o one_o degree_n by_o the_o rumb_n or_o point_n of_o the_o compass_n upon_o which_o you_o have_v sail_v and_o multiply_v those_o league_n by_o the_o number_n of_o degree_n which_o you_o have_v increase_v or_o diminish_v in_o the_o height_n of_o the_o pole_n in_o your_o navigation_n you_o shall_v then_o see_v how_o many_o league_n you_o be_v distant_a from_o the_o right_a line_n which_o pass_v by_o the_o place_n from_o whence_o you_o come_v which_o league_n if_o you_o divide_v by_o 17_o and_o a_o half_a then_o will_v appear_v unto_o you_o the_o degree_n of_o longitude_n between_o the_o place_n from_o whence_o you_o depart_v and_o the_o point_n where_o you_o be_v chap._n xxix_o how_o you_o may_v set_v down_o in_o your_o chart_n a_o new_a land_n never_o before_o discover_v it_o may_v sometime_o fall_v out_o in_o new_a discovery_n or_o when_o your_o ship_n by_o mean_n of_o a_o tempest_n be_v drive_v out_o of_o her_o right_a course_n that_o you_o shall_v come_v to_o the_o sight_n of_o some_o isle_n shall_v or_o new_a land_n whereof_o the_o mariner_n be_v utter_o ignorant_a and_o to_o make_v some_o relation_n of_o the_o same_o or_o to_o go_v unto_o it_o some_o other_o time_n if_o you_o desire_v to_o set_v it_o down_o in_o your_o sea-chart_n in_o the_o true_a place_n you_o may_v do_v it_o after_o this_o manner_n so_o soon_o as_o you_o have_v sight_n thereof_o mark_v it_o well_o first_o with_o your_o compass_n observe_v diligent_o upon_o which_o point_n thereof_o it_o lie_v and_o second_o you_o must_v there_o take_v the_o height_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o of_o the_o polestar_n that_o you_o may_v know_v in_o what_o point_n your_o ship_n be_v and_o that_o point_v you_o must_v call_v the_o first_o point_n which_o be_v so_o do_v your_o ship_n may_v sail_v on_o her_o course_n all_o that_o day_n till_o the_o day_n follow_v without_o lose_v her_o way_n and_o the_o next_o day_n mark_v the_o land_n again_o and_o see_v upon_o what_o point_n it_o lie_v and_o then_o take_v your_o height_n and_o with_o it_o cast_v your_o point_n of_o traverse_n once_o again_o and_o that_o you_o may_v call_v your_o second_o point_n then_o take_v a_o pair_n of_o compass_n and_o place_v one_o foot_n upon_o the_o first_o point_n and_o the_o other_o upon_o the_o rumb_n towards_o which_o the_o land_n do_v bear_v when_o you_o cast_v your_o first_o point_n set_v also_o one_o foot_n of_o another_o pair_n of_o compass_n in_o the_o second_o point_n and_o the_o other_o foot_n upon_o the_o rumb_n upon_o which_o the_o land_n lay_v when_o you_o cast_v your_o second_o point_n and_o these_o two_o compass_n thus_o open_v you_o must_v move_v by_o their_o rumb_n till_o those_o two_o foot_n of_o both_o compass_n do_v meet_v together_o which_o be_v move_v from_o the_o foresay_a two_o point_n and_o where_o they_o do_v so_o meet_v together_o there_o may_v you_o say_v be_v the_o land_n which_o you_o discover_v which_o land_n you_o may_v point_v out_o with_o the_o in-lets_a and_o outlet_n or_o cape_n and_o other_o sign_n which_o you_o see_v thereupon_o and_o by_o the_o graduation_n you_o may_v see_v the_o latitude_n thereof_o that_o thereby_o you_o may_v find_v it_o if_o at_o any_o time_n after_o you_o go_v to_o seek_v for_o it_o chap._n xxx_o see_v two_o know_a point_n or_o cape_n of_o land_n
clavius_n his_o gross_a demonstration_n hereof_o 90_o a_o more_o exact_a demonst_a with_o the_o practice_n thereof_o 92_o the_o angle_n of_o dip_v for_o any_o height_n of_o the_o eye_n 96_o 3_o error_n by_o the_o parallax_n of_o the_o sun_n correct_v 96_o 4_o error_n in_o observe_v by_o the_o refraction_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o star_n correct_v 97_o chap._n 16·_a fault_n amend_v in_o the_o table_n of_o the_o sun_n declination_n common_o call_v the_o regiment_n of_o the_o sun_n 97_o chap._n 17._o of_o the_o table_n of_o declination_n of_o every_o minute_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a in_o degree_n min._n and_o sec._n make_v according_a to_o the_o great_a obliquity_n of_o the_o zodiac_n this_o present_a age_n which_o by_o exact_a observation_n be_v find_v to_o be_v 23_o degree_n 31_o min._n and_o a_o half_a 98_o a_o table_n of_o the_o declination_n of_o every_o minute_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a in_o degree_n min._n and_o sec._n 101_o chap._n 18._o the_o use_n of_o the_o former_a table_n of_o declination_n 116_o chap._n 19_o the_o description_n and_o use_n of_o a_o great_a quadrant_n for_o observation_n of_o the_o sun_n on_o land_n 120_o a_o table_n of_o observation_n of_o the_o sun_n meridian_n altitude_n take_v by_o the_o foresay_a quadrant_n in_o the_o year_n 1594_o 1595_o 1596_o 1597_o at_o london_n  _fw-fr chap._n 20._o the_o find_n of_o the_o sun_n apogeum_n and_o eccentricity_n out_o of_o the_o former_a observation_n 142_o to_o know_v the_o time_n of_o the_o sun_n come_v to_o any_o point_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a 142_o chap._n 21._o the_o middle_a motion_n of_o the_o sun_n correct_v out_o of_o the_o former_a observation_n 150_o a_o table_n of_o the_o sun_n middle_a motion_n 152_o chap._n 22._o a_o new_a theoric_n of_o the_o sun_n for_o the_o make_n of_o the_o table_n of_o the_o sun_n prosthaphaereses_n 154_o a_o table_n of_o the_o sun_n prosthaphaereses_n 157_o chap._n 23._o the_o make_n of_o the_o ephemerides_n of_o the_o sun_n 159_o chap._n 24._o how_o to_o reduce_v the_o apparent_a time_n to_o the_o equal_a time_n answer_v thereto_o 162_o a_o table_n of_o the_o aequation_n of_o natural_a day_n 162_o chap._n 25._o a_o table_n of_o aequation_n of_o the_o sun_n ephemerides_n to_o make_v they_o serve_v for_o many_o year_n 163_o ephemerides_n of_o the_o sun_n 164_o chap._n 26._o the_o use_n of_o these_o ephemerides_n 169_o chap._n 27._o the_o make_n of_o the_o table_n of_o the_o sun_n declination_n 170_o prosthaphaereses_n of_o the_o sun_n declination_n 172_o a_o table_n of_o the_o sun_n declination_n 173_o chap._n 28·_a the_o use_n of_o the_o former_a table_n of_o declination_n or_o regiment_n of_o the_o sun_n 181_o chap._n 29_o the_o declination_n of_o the_o principal_a fix_a star_n about_o the_o equinoctial_a correct_v by_o observation_n 183_o a_o table_n of_o fix_a star_n about_o the_o equinoctial_a 198_o chap._n 30._o the_o use_n of_o the_o former_a table_n 199_o chap._n 31._o the_o true_a distance_n of_o certain_a principal_a fix_a star_n from_o the_o north_n pole_n find_v by_o late_a observation_n 199_o chap._n 32._o to_o know_v at_o what_o time_n any_o of_o the_o foresay_a fix_a star_n come_v to_o the_o meridian_n for_o any_o day_n of_o the_o year_n 202_o a_o table_n of_o the_o sun_n right_a ascension_n in_o hour_n and_o minute_n for_o every_o day_n of_o the_o year_n 204_o chap._n 33._o by_o the_o former_a table_n of_o fix_a star_n and_o the_o sun_n right_a ascension_n to_o know_v the_o hour_n of_o the_o night_n at_o any_o time_n of_o the_o year_n 206_o chap._n 34._o of_o find_v the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n by_o observation_n of_o the_o pole_n star_n and_o guard_n 207_o chap._n 35._o the_o description_n and_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n quadrant_n 208_o chap._n 36._o the_o description_n of_o the_o nocturnal_a or_o night_n dial_n 210_o chap._n 37._o the_o use_n of_o the_o sea_n quadrant_n first_o in_o observe_v the_o height_n of_o the_o sun_n look_v only_o to_o the_o horizon_n at_o sea_n 211_o chap._n 38._o how_o with_o this_o quadrant_n to_o observe_v the_o height_n of_o the_o sun_n with_o â—our_n back_o turn_v towards_o the_o sun_n 211_o chap._n 39_o how_o to_o observe_v with_o this_o quadrant_n the_o height_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o star_n look_v both_o to_o the_o sun_n or_o star_n and_o to_o the_o horizon_n 212_o chap_n 40._o how_o to_o find_v the_o height_n of_o the_o pole_n by_o observation_n of_o the_o polestar_n and_o guard_n without_o give_v or_o take_v any_o allowance_n or_o abatement_n at_o any_o time_n when_o the_o polestar_n the_o guard_n and_o horizon_n may_v be_v see_v 213_o to_o know_v the_o hour_n of_o the_o night_n by_o the_o nocturnal_a 213_o a_o answer_n to_o simon_n stevin_n show_v his_o erorr_v in_o blame_v i_o of_o error_n in_o my_o table_n of_o rumb_n 214_o the_o content_n of_o the_o treatise_n of_o the_o art_n of_o navigation_n the_o division_n of_o the_o whole_a art_n of_o navigation_n pag._n 1_o chap._n 1._o the_o definition_n of_o the_o sphere_n 2_o 2._o that_o the_o whole_a world_n be_v a_o sphere_n 2_o 3._o of_o the_o division_n of_o the_o sphere_n 2_o 4._o of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o heaven_n 4_o 5._o of_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o heaven_n 4_o 6._o that_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n make_v one_o perfect_a globe_n 5_o 7._o that_o the_o earth_n be_v in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n 5_o 8._o the_o whole_a quantity_n of_o the_o earth_n 5_o 9_o of_o the_o equinoctial_a circle_n 6_o 10._o of_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n 6_o 11._o of_o the_o ecliptic_a line_n 7_o 12._o of_o the_o declination_n of_o the_o sun_n 7_o 13._o of_o the_o colour_n 8_o 14._o of_o the_o meridian_n circle_n 8_o 15._o of_o the_o horizon_n 9_o 16._o of_o the_o 32_o wind_n 10_o 17._o of_o the_o two_o tropic_n 12_o 18._o of_o the_o parallel_n 13_o 19_o of_o the_o degree_n 13_o 20._o what_o be_v mean_v by_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n 14_o the_o second_o part_n of_o the_o art_n of_o navigation_n wherein_o be_v handle_v the_o practic_n part_n show_v the_o make_n and_o use_n of_o the_o principal_a instrument_n belong_v to_o this_o art_n chap._n 1._o the_o make_n of_o the_o astrolabe_n pag._n 15_o chap._n 2._o of_o the_o height_n of_o the_o sun_n pag._n 17_o 3._o of_o the_o shadow_n 18_o 4._o of_o the_o regiment_n and_o rule_n of_o the_o sun_n 19_o 5._o of_o the_o declination_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o of_o the_o table_n thereof_o 20_o how_o the_o declination_n of_o the_o sun_n may_v be_v find_v out_o 21_o 6._o the_o equation_n of_o the_o sun_n declination_n 22_o 7._o four_o example_n for_o the_o plain_a declaration_n of_o that_o which_o be_v say_v before_o 22_o 8._o another_o manner_n of_o account_v by_o the_o sun_n as_o they_o use_v in_o portugal_n 25_o 9_o how_o the_o height_n of_o the_o sun_n may_v be_v know_v in_o any_o place_n whatsoever_o without_o a_o astrolabe_n first_o know_v your_o distance_n from_o the_o equinoctial_a 25_o 10._o the_o rule_n or_o regiment_n of_o the_o north-star_n for_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o height_n of_o the_o pole_n 26_o 11._o the_o make_n of_o the_o crosse-staffe_n 27_o 12._o of_o the_o position_n of_o the_o north-star_n and_o the_o guard_n 28_o 13._o of_o the_o height_n of_o the_o star_n take_v with_o the_o crosse-staffe_n 30_o 14._o the_o regiment_n or_o rule_n of_o the_o north_n star_n 30_o 15._o other_o thing_n to_o be_v note_v in_o observe_v the_o height_n of_o the_o pole_n 32_o 16._o of_o the_o crosier_n 34_o 17._o of_o the_o sea-compasse_n 34_o 18._o how_o the_o variation_n of_o the_o compass_n may_v be_v find_v 37_o the_o find_v of_o the_o meridian_n line_n 37_o 19_o of_o the_o sea-chart_n 38_o 20._o of_o the_o point_n of_o imagination_n 41_o 21._o of_o the_o traverse_n or_o geometrical_a point_n 42_o 22._o of_o the_o amend_v of_o the_o point_n of_o imagination_n 42_o the_o amend_v of_o the_o point_n of_o imagination_n by_o the_o traverse_n point_n 43_o the_o amendment_n of_o the_o point_n of_o imagination_n by_o north_n south_n east_n west_n 43_o 23._o the_o point_n by_o imagination_n and_o the_o height_n 44_o 24._o what_o it_o be_v to_o increase_v or_o diminish_v in_o height_n 45_o 25._o how_o you_o may_v cast_v a_o traverse_n point_n without_o compass_n 46_o 26._o of_o another_o kind_n of_o cast_v a_o point_n by_o traverse_n 46_o 27._o of_o the_o league_n which_o in_o navigation_n answer_v to_o each_o degree_n of_o latitude_n in_o every_o rumb_n 47_o chap._n 28._o how_o you_o may_v come_v to_o know_v the_o longitude_n or_o the_o course_n from_o east_n to_o west_n pag_n 48_o 29._o how_o you_o may_v set_v down_o in_o your_o chart_n a_o new_a land_n never_o before_o discover_v 50_o 30._o see_v two_o know_a point_n or_o cape_n of_o land_n as_o you_o sail_v along_o
sensible_a error_n which_o insencible_a error_n if_o the_o over_o nice_a will_v avoid_v our_o author_n have_v not_o leave_v he_o unfurnished_v with_o rule_n sufficient_a for_o his_o purpose_n beside_o if_o in_o the_o new_a calculation_n there_o have_v be_v any_o difference_n though_o never_o so_o small_a the_o table_n will_v not_o have_v agree_v with_o the_o observation_n that_o he_o make_v at_o that_o time_n nor_o the_o operation_n that_o be_v wrought_v upon_o those_o observation_n i_o have_v add_v the_o treatise_n call_v the_o haven_n find_v art_n to_o the_o end_n of_o this_o book_n the_o subject_n be_v both_o suitable_a and_o serviceable_a to_o every_o seaman_n and_o the_o more_o notable_a because_o of_o the_o great_a probability_n there_o be_v thereby_o to_o find_v the_o longitude_n which_o doubtless_o if_o there_o be_v two_o such_o magnetical_a pole_n as_o our_o countryman_n mr_n anthony_n linton_n in_o his_o small_a treatise_n entitle_v news_n of_o the_o compliment_n of_o the_o 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wright_n have_v be_v famous_a all_o the_o world_n over_o where_o navigation_n do_v flourish_v so_o still_o his_o memory_n may_v be_v remember_v and_o every_o leaf_n of_o this_o book_n may_v be_v as_o so_o many_o herald_n to_o proclaim_v the_o worth_n and_o desert_n of_o so_o excellent_a a_o man._n farewell_n joseph_n moxon_n the_o preface_n to_o the_o reader_n the_o art_n of_o navigation_n as_o it_o be_v call_v though_o it_o have_v now_o be_v in_o use_v some_o thousand_o of_o year_n yet_o how_o far_o it_o be_v at_o this_o day_n from_o the_o perfection_n which_o be_v and_o be_v to_o be_v desire_v we_o will_v scarce_o believe_v as_o a_o wonder_n that_o a_o thing_n of_o so_o great_a commodity_n shall_v no_o more_o be_v seek_v into_o in_o so_o many_o age_n but_o that_o both_o the_o book_n of_o the_o learned_a be_v extant_a to_o testify_v and_o reason_n approve_v by_o often_o trial_n do_v plain_o show_v that_o the_o principal_a mean_n and_o instrument_n this_o art_n use_v have_v be_v thus_o long_o so_o far_o from_o this_o perfection_n that_o contrariwise_o they_o have_v be_v and_o be_v much_o stain_v with_o many_o blot_n and_o blemish_n of_o error_n and_o imperfection_n 1_o the_o sea-chart_n the_o best_a mean_v the_o mariner_n have_v to_o know_v the_o course_n from_o place_n to_o place_n as_o it_o have_v be_v hitherto_o general_o make_v be_v so_o faulty_a in_o the_o very_a foundation_n and_o groundwork_n thereof_o that_o be_v in_o the_o geometrical_a lineament_n of_o the_o meridian_n parallel_n and_o rumb_n describe_v therein_o that_o hereof_o there_o may_v arise_v so_o gross_a error_n as_o may_v cause_v the_o mariner_n to_o miss_v one_o two_o yea_o three_o whole_a point_n of_o the_o compass_n and_o more_o sometime_o in_o a_o far_o northerly_a or_o southerly_a navigation_n in_o find_v the_o course_n from_o place_n to_o place_n whereof_o it_o may_v also_o be_v necessary_o infer_v that_o follow_v the_o direction_n of_o his_o chart_n in_o such_o sort_n as_o have_v be_v use_v for_o find_v the_o distance_n of_o place_n he_o may_v err_v twice_o yea_o thrice_o so_o much_o as_o the_o whole_a distance_n come_v to_o and_o more_o sometime_o in_o those_o northern_a part_n in_o take_v the_o distance_n to_o be_v twice_o thrice_o yea_o four_o time_n great_a than_o indeed_o it_o be_v 2._o the_o compass_n the_o chief_a instrument_n for_o keep_v the_o courseâ—_n show_v by_o the_o chart_n by_o the_o variation_n neglect_v as_o by_o some_o it_o have_v be_v may_v cause_v you_o err_v a_o whole_a point_n or_o two_o in_o the_o course_n of_o divers_a place_n and_o not_o right_o use_v have_v breed_v much_o confusion_n in_o many_o part_n of_o the_o chart_n in_o lay_v out_o many_o place_n in_o false_a course_n which_o must_v needs_o follow_v when_o the_o chart_n be_v make_v according_a to_o the_o direction_n show_v by_o the_o point_n of_o the_o compass_n without_o abatement_n or_o allowance_n answerable_a to_o the_o variation_n in_o every_o place_n this_o may_v especial_o be_v see_v in_o those_o place_n where_o the_o variation_n be_v great_a as_o upon_o the_o coast_n of_o florida_n nova_n francia_n and_o new-found_a land_n where_o some_o also_o seek_v to_o avoid_v this_o inconvenience_n have_v fall_v into_o another_o as_o ill_a or_o worse_o than_o the_o former_a in_o make_v a_o double_a scale_n of_o latitude_n and_o thus_o one_o error_n as_o a_o fruitful_a mother_n breed_v another_o and_o one_o absurdity_n admit_v draw_v many_o with_o it_o it_o will_v manifest_o appear_v by_o exact_a discourse_n out_o of_o these_o ground_n that_o partly_o through_o the_o false_a projection_n of_o the_o chart_n and_o partly_o through_o neglect_v or_o not_o right_o use_v the_o variation_n of_o the_o compass_n that_o it_o can_v otherwise_o be_v but_o that_o the_o ordinary_a chart_n be_v in_o many_o place_n much_o like_o a_o inextricable_a labyrinth_n of_o error_n out_o of_o which_o it_o will_v be_v very_o hard_a for_o a_o man_n easy_o to_o unwind_v himself_o hereto_o accord_v the_o often_o experiment_n and_o usual_a practice_n of_o many_o well_o experience_a and_o judicial_a mariner_n and_o seaman_n of_o our_o time_n who_o confess_v that_o in_o sail_v from_o the_o west_n indies_n to_o the_o azore_n they_o have_v often_o fall_v with_o those_o land_n when_o by_o their_o account_n according_a to_o the_o chart_n they_o shall_v have_v be_v 150_o or_o two_o hundred_o league_n to_o the_o westward_n of_o they_o the_o like_a have_v be_v find_v in_o sail_v from_o the_o azore_n for_o vshent_n as_o i_o have_v also_o partly_o see_v in_o the_o little_a experience_n i_o have_v have_v at_o sea_n where_o we_o be_v come_v within_o sight_n of_o that_o island_n when_o by_o account_n of_o the_o ordinary_a chart_n we_o shall_v have_v be_v fifty_o league_n short_a of_o it_o and_o as_o concern_v the_o course_n from_o place_n to_o place_n i_o have_v observe_v that_o some_o of_o our_o master_n take_v a_o wise_a course_n in_o not_o trust_v to_o those_o course_n which_o be_v show_v by_o their_o chart_n but_o first_o get_v themselves_o into_o the_o height_n or_o parallel_n of_o the_o place_n to_o which_o they_o be_v go_v and_o withal_o know_v assure_o whether_o they_o be_v more_o eastward_o or_o westward_o then_o that_o place_n they_o then_o proceed_v always_o heedful_o keep_v themselves_o under_o that_o parallel_n till_o they_o come_v to_o the_o place_n desire_v then_o which_o way_n of_o sail_v there_o be_v none_o more_o certain_a and_o infallible_a for_o the_o sure_a find_v of_o the_o place_n assign_v but_o it_o have_v this_o inconvenience_n that_o it_o make_v the_o way_n long_o than_o otherwise_o in_o shall_v be_v if_o the_o straight_a course_n where_o keep_v but_o to_o return_v to_o that_o from_o whence_o we_o have_v a_o little_a digress_v by_o these_o experiment_n and_o practice_n of_o the_o skilful_a mariner_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o they_o
any_o land_n this_o horizon_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n namely_o right_a and_o oblique_a the_o right_a horizon_n be_v that_o which_o they_o have_v that_o live_v under_o the_o equinoctial_a which_o pass_v by_o their_o zenith_n and_o therefore_o the_o equinoctial_a line_n or_o circle_n fall_v perpendicular_o and_o right_o across_o with_o their_o horizon_n and_o both_o the_o south_n and_o the_o north_n pole_n be_v in_o their_o horizon_n the_o oblique_a horizon_n be_v that_o which_o they_o have_v that_o live_v not_o direct_o under_o the_o equinoctial_a for_o unto_o they_o the_o equinoctial_a divide_v the_o horizon_n oblique_o and_o not_o right_o across_o and_o one_o pole_n be_v always_o above_o their_o horizon_n and_o the_o other_o be_v beneath_o their_o horizon_n and_o can_v be_v see_v this_o horizon_n be_v represent_v in_o the_o sea-chart_n by_o a_o certain_a imagine_a circle_n who_o centre_n be_v the_o point_n where_o our_o ship_n be_v from_o which_o centre_n be_v imagine_v to_o proceed_v unto_o the_o say_a circle_n 32_o line_n which_o represent_v the_o 32_o wind_n or_o rumb_n which_o always_o be_v draw_v in_o our_o sea-compasse_n which_o likewise_o in_o a_o little_a piece_n of_o paper_n do_v continual_o represent_v unto_o we_o both_o by_o day_n and_o night_n the_o whole_a horizon_n with_o his_o 32_o division_n chap._n xvi_o of_o the_o 32_o wind_n this_o right_a or_o oblique_a horizon_n be_v divide_v into_o 32_o equal_a part_n by_o 16_o line_n which_o they_o call_v rumb_n and_o they_o cut_v themselves_o in_o the_o point_n where_o we_o stand_v of_o which_o rumb_n that_o which_o pass_v by_o the_o point_n where_o the_o equinoctial_a begin_v and_o end_v which_o be_v where_o the_o sun_n rise_v and_o set_v the_o 11_o of_o march_n and_o the_o 13_o of_o september_n be_v call_v east_n and_o west_n and_o that_o which_o cut_v it_o right_o across_o be_v name_v north_n and_o south_n and_o the_o four_o extreme_n or_o end_n of_o these_o two_o line_n be_v distant_a upon_o the_o horizon_n one_o four_o part_n of_o a_o circle_n and_o they_o make_v four_o quarter_n every_o one_o of_o which_o quarter_n be_v divide_v in_o the_o midst_n do_v make_v four_o other_o point_n and_o that_o which_o fall_v between_o the_o north_n and_o the_o east_n be_v call_v north-east_n and_o that_o between_o the_o north_n and_o the_o west_n northwest_n that_o between_o the_o south_n and_o the_o east_n southeast_n and_o that_o between_o the_o south_n and_o the_o west_n south-west_n and_o so_o the_o horizon_n be_v divide_v by_o four_o line_n or_o numb_v into_o eight_o principal_a wind_n note_v in_o the_o sea-chart_n with_o black_a line_n and_o if_o you_o divide_v every_o one_o of_o those_o eight_o part_n in_o the_o midst_n you_o shall_v have_v other_o eight_o line_n and_o other_o four_o rumb_n which_o in_o all_o be_v 16_o wind_n and_o each_o one_o of_o these_o have_v his_o name_n compound_v of_o the_o name_n of_o those_o principal_a wind_n which_o be_v on_o either_o side_n thereof_o as_o for_o example_n that_o half_a wind_n which_o be_v between_o the_o north_n and_o the_o north-east_n be_v call_v north-north-east_n and_o that_o which_o blow_v between_o the_o east_n and_o the_o north-east_n be_v call_v east-north-east_n and_o that_o between_o the_o east_n and_o the_o southeast_n east-south-east_n and_o that_o between_o the_o south_n and_o the_o southeast_n south-south-east_n and_o that_o between_o the_o south-west_n and_o the_o west_n west-south-west_n and_o that_o between_o the_o west_n and_o northwest_n west-north-west_n and_o that_o between_o the_o northwest_n and_o the_o north_n north-north-west_n and_o these_o be_v note_v in_o the_o chart_n with_o green_a line_n final_o if_o you_o divide_v every_o one_o of_o these_o sixteen_o wind_n in_o the_o midst_n they_o will_v yield_v you_o other_o 16_o wind_n and_o will_v amount_v to_o 32_o wind_n in_o all_o which_o 16_o last_v mention_v be_v draw_v in_o the_o sea-chart_n with_o red_a line_n and_o be_v by_o the_o spaniard_n call_v quarter_n of_o the_o eight_o first_o and_o principal_a wind_n and_o every_o one_o of_o these_o be_v call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o that_o principal_a wind_n which_o be_v next_o it_o together_o with_o a_o addition_n of_o the_o word_n by_o and_o the_o name_n of_o another_o principal_a wind_n which_o be_v next_o unto_o it_o as_o for_o example_n of_o the_o two_o quarter-wind_n which_o fall_v next_o the_o rumb_n of_o the_o north_n that_o which_o lie_v towards_o the_o north-east_n be_v call_v north_n and_o by_o east_n and_o that_o which_o fall_v towards_o the_o northwest_n be_v call_v north_n by_o west_n so_o likewise_o of_o those_o two_o wind_n which_o blow_n next_o the_o north-east_n that_o towards_o the_o north_n be_v call_v north-east_n and_o by_o north_n and_o that_o towards_o the_o east_n north-east_n and_o by_o east_n and_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n you_o may_v name_v all_o the_o rest_n the_o figure_n of_o the_o sea-compasse_n and_o of_o the_o horizon_n divide_v into_o 32_o wind_n by_o 16_o rumb_n but_o here_o be_v to_o be_v note_v wind_n that_o there_o be_v difference_n between_o the_o rumb_n and_o the_o wind_n because_o a_o rumb_n be_v one_o direct_v line_n continue_v with_o two_o contrary_a wind_n as_o the_o rumb_n of_o north_n &_o south_n and_o the_o rumb_n of_o east_n and_o west_n and_o so_o when_o we_o will_v name_v the_o lie_v of_o any_o coast_n we_o will_v say_v that_o it_o lie_v north_n and_o south_n or_o north_n and_o by_o east_n and_o south_n and_o by_o west_n but_o the_o wind_n be_v one_o line_n of_o those_o 32_o into_o which_o the_o horizon_n be_v divide_v and_o it_o be_v one_o part_n of_o those_o two_o which_o together_o be_v call_v the_o rumb_n and_o so_o we_o say_v that_o land_n lie_v from_o we_o towards_o the_o south_n and_o towards_o the_o south_n and_o by_o west_n or_o towards_o the_o south-south-west_n etc._n etc._n chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o two_o tropic_n beside_o the_o six_o circle_n abovementioned_a which_o be_v draw_v upon_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o world_n there_o be_v other_o two_o which_o the_o sun_n describe_v with_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o primum_fw-la mobile_n about_o the_o 12_o day_n of_o june_n and_o of_o december_n of_o which_o two_o circle_n that_o which_o the_o sun_n describe_v the_o 12_o of_o june_n from_o the_o time_n of_o his_o rise_n till_o the_o time_n that_o he_o rise_v the_o day_n follow_v be_v call_v the_o tropic_a of_o the_o summer_n sun-standing_a or_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n for_o the_o sun_n have_v depart_v from_o the_o equinoctial_a and_o increase_v his_o declination_n towards_o the_o north_n when_o he_o come_v to_o describe_v that_o circle_n for_o two_o or_o three_o day_n it_o seem_v that_o he_o come_v no_o near_o to_o our_o zenith_n nor_o depart_v from_o the_o equinoctial_a one_o day_n more_o than_o another_o but_o from_o thence_o forward_o he_o go_v back_o diminish_v his_o declination_n till_o he_o come_v to_o the_o equinoctial_a and_o cross_v the_o same_o he_o go_v on_o the_o other_o side_n increase_v his_o declination_n until_o the_o 12_o of_o december_n upon_o which_o day_n from_o the_o time_n of_o his_o rise_n till_o he_o be_v come_v about_o to_o rise_v again_o the_o next_o morning_n he_o describe_v another_o circle_n call_v the_o tropic_a of_o the_o winter_n sun-standing_a or_o the_o tropic_a of_o capricorn_n for_o the_o sun_n be_v depart_v from_o the_o equinoctial_a and_o increase_v his_o declination_n towards_o the_o south_n when_o he_o come_v to_o describe_v that_o circle_n it_o seem_v for_o two_o or_o three_o day_n that_o he_o return_v not_o one_o whit_n towards_o the_o equinoctial_a nor_o go_v further_o from_o our_o zenith_n one_o day_n more_o than_o other_o but_o from_o thence_o forward_o he_o come_v back_o again_o diminish_v his_o declination_n till_o he_o be_v return_v to_o the_o equinoctial_a and_o from_o thence_o towards_o our_o zenith_n these_o two_o circle_n in_o sea-chart_n be_v mark_v with_o two_o great_a red_a line_n draw_v from_o east_n to_o west_n which_o lie_v on_o either_o side_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a be_v distant_a from_o thence_o about_o 23_o deg_n and_o a_o half_a and_o wheresoever_o our_o ship_n be_v in_o any_o place_n between_o these_o two_o circle_n or_o line_n we_o may_v in_o some_o time_n of_o the_o year_n take_v the_o sun_n in_o our_o zenith_n at_o which_o time_n it_o make_v no_o shadow_n at_o all_o be_v then_o just_a 90_o degr_n high_a above_o our_o horizon_n but_o they_o which_o be_v without_o the_o say_v two_o circle_n or_o line_n shall_v never_o have_v the_o sun_n in_o their_o zenith_n because_o it_o can_v come_v to_o the_o height_n of_o 90_o degr_n above_o their_o horizon_n chap._n xviii_o of_o the_o parallel_n the_o parallel_a circle_n be_v those_o which_o be_v in_o all_o part_n equal_o distant_a from_o the_o
that_o the_o rose_n or_o fly_n may_v play_v more_o nimble_o upon_o the_o pin_n this_o pin_n must_v be_v make_v of_o lattin_a with_o a_o very_a sharp_a point_n and_o be_v to_o be_v fasten_v upright_o in_o a_o round_a box_n of_o wood_n which_o must_v be_v of_o the_o fashion_n of_o a_o great_a cup-dish_n contain_v the_o rose_n within_o it_o be_v cover_v above_o with_o a_o clear_a round_a glass_n and_o the_o joint_n thereof_o must_v be_v stop_v with_o wax_n to_o the_o end_n that_o no_o wind_n may_v enter_v into_o the_o rose_n to_o disturb_v it_o there_o must_v be_v great_a care_n have_v that_o this_o rose_n with_o the_o wire_n place_v upon_o the_o pin_n may_v go_v nimble_o and_o may_v not_o swerve_v more_o to_o the_o one_o side_n then_o to_o the_o other_o but_o may_v stand_v even_o and_o level_a and_o when_o it_o incline_v towards_o either_o part_n you_o must_v put_v on_o the_o contrary_a part_n a_o little_a wax_n or_o a_o thin_a plate_n of_o lead_n fasten_v under_o the_o pasteboard_n which_o cover_v the_o wire_n this_o box_n wherein_o the_o rose_n play_v up_o and_o down_o hang_v within_o two_o hoop_n of_o lattin_a which_o be_v two_o round_a circle_n enclose_v one_o within_o another_o and_o distant_a asunder_o by_o the_o space_n of_o half_a a_o finger_n breadth_n with_o two_o nail_n of_o lattin_a which_o be_v diametral_o opposite_a and_o the_o box_n be_v fit_o place_v within_o these_o hoop_n you_o must_v make_v in_o the_o outward_a hoop_n two_o hole_n which_o must_v be_v distant_a from_o the_o foresay_a two_o nail_n a_o quarter_n of_o a_o circle_n both_o way_n and_o by_o these_o two_o hole_n must_v the_o outward_a hoop_n or_o circle_n be_v fasten_v within_o a_o square_a box_n or_o a_o round_a so_o as_o although_o that_o uttermost_a box_n be_v toss_v up_o and_o down_o every_o way_n with_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o ship_n yet_o always_o the_o superficies_n and_o glass_n of_o the_o inner_a box_n may_v lie_v level_a with_o the_o horizon_n and_o this_o be_v do_v with_o care_n the_o instrument_n which_o they_o call_v the_o sea-compasse_n be_v full_o finish_v the_o manner_n of_o use_v the_o same_o be_v when_o be_v place_v with_o the_o box_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o poop_n of_o the_o ship_n where_o the_o bittacle_n stand_v in_o a_o right_a line_n which_o pass_v from_o the_o bolt-sprit_n by_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o main_a mast_n to_o the_o poop_n it_o serve_v continual_o to_o govern_v the_o ship_n by_o move_v of_o the_o rudder_n till_o the_o wind_n or_o the_o line_n of_o your_o compass_n towards_o which_o we_o desire_v to_o shape_v our_o course_n stand_v direct_o towards_o the_o prow_n or_o bolt-sprit_n of_o the_o ship_n they_o use_v also_o for_o the_o night_n to_o mark_v a_o point_n within_o the_o inner_a part_n of_o the_o inner_a box_n which_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o capitel_a of_o the_o compass_n may_v stand_v direct_o towards_o the_o prow_n of_o the_o ship_n and_o always_o in_o guide_v the_o ship_n you_o must_v take_v heed_n that_o the_o say_a point_n be_v continual_o join_v with_o the_o wind_n of_o the_o rose_n towards_o which_o you_o intend_v your_o course_n chap._n xviii_o how_o the_o variation_n of_o the_o compass_n may_v be_v find_v the_o mariner_n use_v to_o examine_v whether_o their_o compass_n north-easteth_a or_o south-westeth_a watch_v for_o that_o purpose_n when_o the_o former_a guard_n bear_v with_o the_o north_n star_n north-east_n and_o south-west_n take_v a_o little_a of_o the_o point_n of_o north_n and_o south_n and_o place_v their_o compass_n in_o a_o open_a place_n where_o the_o north_n star_n may_v be_v see_v if_o the_o flowerdeluis_fw-it of_o the_o rose_n look_v direct_o towards_o the_o star_n their_o compass_n vary_v nothing_o at_o all_o but_o if_o the_o star_n be_v to_o the_o north-east_n so_o much_o as_o it_o vary_v from_o the_o point_n of_o the_o flowerdeluis_fw-la so_o much_o the_o compass_n north-westeth_a and_o if_o it_o vary_v to_o the_o northwest_n of_o the_o compass_n how_o much_o the_o star_n swerve_v from_o the_o point_n of_o the_o flowerdeluis_fw-it so_o much_o the_o compass_n north-easteth_a and_o in_o regard_n of_o this_o variation_n of_o the_o compass_n there_o must_v always_o allowance_n be_v make_v in_o the_o course_n which_o be_v hold_v this_o manner_n of_o find_v out_o the_o variation_n i_o do_v account_n to_o be_v somewhat_o subject_a unto_o error_n but_o at_o land_n there_o be_v another_o more_o certain_a way_n by_o the_o meridian_n line_n which_o be_v to_o be_v take_v in_o manner_n follow_v the_o find_n of_o the_o meridian-line_n in_o a_o superficies_n which_o be_v plain_a and_o level_v every_o where_o and_o in_o a_o place_n where_o the_o sun_n shine_v at_o his_o rise_n and_o set_v you_o must_v draw_v certain_a circle_n upon_o one_o centre_n and_o have_v pitch_v a_o stile_n upright_o in_o the_o same_o centre_n the_o head_n whereof_o must_v be_v approve_v with_o a_o pair_n of_o compass_n to_o be_v equal_o distant_a from_o all_o part_n of_o one_o of_o those_o circle_n observe_v you_o in_o the_o morning_n two_o or_o three_o hour_n before_o noon_n when_o the_o point_n of_o the_o shadow_n of_o the_o stile_n touch_v the_o circumference_n of_o any_o of_o those_o circle_n and_o have_v make_v a_o mark_n in_o the_o touch_n take_v diligent_a heed_n in_o the_o afternoon_n also_o when_o the_o same_o point_n of_o the_o shadow_n turn_v about_o to_o touch_v in_o the_o same_o circle_n and_o make_v another_o mark_n in_o that_o second_o touch_n divide_v in_o the_o midst_n that_o part_n of_o the_o circle_n which_o be_v between_o those_o two_o mark_n then_o lay_v your_o ruler_n upon_o the_o point_n of_o the_o division_n and_o upon_o the_o centre_n of_o those_o circle_n draw_v a_o line_n which_o shall_v be_v your_o meridian_n and_o the_o true_a north_n and_o south_n rumb_n upon_o which_o set_v your_o compass_n and_o lay_v your_o ruler_n over_o the_o glass_n that_o it_o may_v pass_v along_o over_o the_o meridian_n and_o over_o the_o centre_n or_o capitel_a of_o the_o rose_n or_o fly_v either_o say_a ruler_n lie_v over_o the_o north_n and_o south_n of_o the_o compass_n and_o then_o be_v the_o compass_n without_o variation_n or_o the_o ruler_n decline_v towards_o the_o north-east_n or_o south-west_n and_o how_o much_o it_o decline_v that_o way_n so_o much_o the_o compass_n north-westeth_a or_o else_o it_o decline_v towards_o the_o northwest_n and_o then_o it_o north-easteth_a so_o much_o as_o the_o ruler_n decline_v that_o way_n but_o to_o know_v the_o variation_n of_o the_o compass_n both_o at_o land_n and_o sea_n we_o will_v deliver_v another_o far_o more_o easy_a and_o certain_a way_n when_o we_o come_v to_o entreat_v of_o the_o universal_a dial._n chap._n xix_o of_o the_o sea-chart_n the_o sea-chart_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o lively_a picture_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n and_o it_o contain_v five_o notable_a thing_n which_o do_v concern_v as_o well_o the_o true_a make_n of_o the_o chart_n as_o also_o the_o 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6_o from_o the_o meridian_n of_o sierraleona_n 187_o league_n westward_o 4_o 50_o 3_o 0_o from_o the_o meridian_n of_o sierraleona_n 187_o league_n westward_o 5_o 40_o 1_o 50_o from_o the_o meridian_n of_o sierraleona_n 194_o league_n westward_o 5_o 45_o 0_o 45_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr south_n from_o the_o meridian_n of_o sierraleona_n 195_o league_n westward_o 5_o 26_o 0_o 10_o from_o the_o meridian_n of_o sierraleona_n 198_o league_n westward_o 5_o 30_o 0_o 35_o from_o the_o meridian_n of_o sierraleona_n 206_o league_n westward_o 6_o 33_o 2_o 0_o from_o the_o meridian_n of_o sierraleona_n 210_o league_n westward_o 6_o 55_o 2_o 35_o from_o the_o meridian_n of_o sierraleona_n 220_o league_n westward_o 6_o 45_o 3_o 35_o from_o c.s._n augustine_n north_n and_o by_o west_n 7_o 0_o 7_o 16_o from_o c.s._n augustine_n north_n by_o east_n easterly_n 6_o 40_o 1_o 4_o from_o c.s._n augustine_n north_n northeast_n 8_o 0_o 4_o 0_o from_o cape_n s._n augustine_n east_n northerly_a 30_o league_n 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about_o 55_o league_n 13_o 52_o 20_o 10_o also_o from_o the_o same_o shoald_n southeast_n by_o east_n 13_o 20_o 19_o 37_o from_o the_o coast_n of_o brasil_n 150_o league_n 10_o 0_o 18_o 0_o at_o cape_n s._n vincent_n in_o brasil_n 12_o 0_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr from_o the_o coast_n of_o brasil_n 100_o or_o 120_o league_n 8_o 30_o 17_o 0_o 7_o 30_o 18_o 0_o from_o laronho_n southwest_n 12_o league_n 8_o 1_o 4_o 20_o from_o ascension_n ile_n 20_o or_o 30_o league_n eastward_o at_o the_o cliff_n penedo_n de_fw-fr s._n pedro_n 5_o 30_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr betwixt_o ascension_n ile_n and_o s._n helen_n 7_o 30_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr at_z s._n helena_n 2_o 48_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 3_o 46_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 5_o 37_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 7_o 30_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr from_o s._n helena_n a_o little_a westward_o 9_o 0_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr from_o s._n helen_n not_o 19_o league_n 5_o 40_o 18_o 30_o from_o s._n helena_n northwest_n by_o west_n 16_o league_n 3_o 45_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr from_o saint_n helena_n northwest_n 156_o league_n 7_o 40_o 10_o 20_o from_o s_o helena_n 230_o league_n 5_o 38_o 8_o 20_o from_o ascension_n i_o will_v north-east_n half_o a_o point_n northerly_a about_o 12_o league_n 6_o 0_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr about_o the_o land_n of_o martin_n vaz_n 13_o 0_o 19_o 0_o along_o by_o those_o isle_n 11_o 15_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr from_o those_o land_n northerly_a 30_o league_n 18_o 30_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr from_o the_o shore_n of_o africa_n westward_o some_o 130_o league_n 4_o 8_o 27_o 0_o bear_v from_o thence_o towards_o s._n helena_n 2_o 48_o 25_o 0_o from_o the_o main_a of_o africa_n 160_o league_n 2_o 50_o 23_o 0_o in_o the_o longitude_n of_o 28_o degree_n 15_o 20_o 32_o 0_o a_o little_a westward_o from_o the_o meridian_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o martin_n vaz_n 14_o 58_o 28_o 35_o eastward_o from_o thence_o 15_o 37_o 28_o 53_o from_o the_o former_a observation_n 60_o league_n 16_o 8_o 29_o 0_o from_o the_o last_o observation_n eastward_o 27_o league_n 16_o 52_o 29_o 33_o beyond_o tristan_n da_fw-mi cunha_fw-mi 70_o or_o 80_o league_n come_v from_o martin_n vaz_n 16_o 53_o 33_o 0_o from_o tristan_n da_fw-mi cunha_fw-mi westward_o 17_o 52_o 34_o 35_o 14_o 0_o at_o the_o island_n of_o tristan_n da_fw-mi cunha_fw-mi 19_o 0_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr from_o thence_o northward_o 16_o 8_o 33_o 34_o past_o the_o island_n towards_o c._n bona_n speranza_n 14_o 0_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr from_o tristan_n da_fw-mi cunha_fw-mi vv._n n._n vv._n 368_o league_n 14_o 0_o 2d_o 25_o at_o cape_n frio_n 13_o 0_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr near_a cape_n frio_n 12_o 0_o 23_o 30_o from_o cape_n frio_n eastward_o towards_o africa_n 17_o 0_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 18_o 0_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr from_o cape_n frio_n about_o 125_o league_n eastward_o 11_o 8_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr about_o 155_o league_n from_o cape_n frio_n 14_o 8_o 25_o 0_o at_o port_n desire_v 5_o 0_o 47_o 40_o at_o the_o east_n mouth_n or_o entrance_n into_o magellans_n strait_n 5_o 30_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr in_o the_o strait_n of_o magellan_n 5_o 0_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr from_o cape_n bonae_fw-la spei_fw-la 900_o league_n west_n by_o north_n half_a a_o point_n northerly_a 15_o 52_o 26_o 50_o from_o cape_n bonae_fw-la spei_fw-la almost_o west_n by_o n._n 180_o league_n 8_o 50_o 34_o 0_o at_o the_o bay_n of_o soldania_n 0_o 20_o 33_o 55_o 1_o 30_o 33_o 20_o at_o cape_n buona_n esperanza_n 0_o 15_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 1_o 30_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr about_o cape_n buona_n esperanza_n 2_o 0_o 35_o 0_o from_o cape_n buona_n esperanza_n westward_n 30_o or_o 40_o league_n 5_o 38_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr betwixt_o c._n buona_n esperanza_n and_o s._n helena_n 3_o 45_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr from_o c._n buona_n esperanza_n south_n 3_o 45_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr from_o c._n bona_n speranza_n westward_o 40_o or_o 50_o league_n 3_o 0_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr from_o c._n buona_n esperanza_n due_a northwest_n 5_o 37_o 20_o 0_o  _fw-fr west_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr from_o c._n bonae_fw-la spei_fw-la s.w._n by_o s._n 36_o league_n 4_o 10_o 35_o 25_o from_o c._n bonae_fw-la spei_fw-la s.w._n by_o s._n 28_o league_n 3_o 50_o 35_o 30_o at_o cape_n das_fw-ge agulhas_fw-ge near_o c._n bonae_fw-la spei_fw-la 0_o 0_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr from_o thence_o 80_o league_n eastward_o 0_o 0_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr at_o cape_n talhada_n 40_o league_n east_n from_o cape_n das_fw-la agulhas_n be_v in_o sight_n of_o land_n lie_v from_o we_o north_n by_o east_n 3_o 47_o 34_o 20_o at_o c._n corientes_n beyond_o c._n bonae_fw-la spei_fw-la 7_o 30_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 11_o 0_o 25_o 0_o from_o c._n corientes_n southwards_o 8_o 30_o 30_o 30_o about_o the_o land_n primera_n towards_o mozambique_n 15_o 0_o 18_o 0_o in_o the_o i_o will_v mozambique_n 12_o 0_o 14_o 45_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr north._n at_o the_o isle_n of_o nicobar_n 7_o 36_o 7_o 30_o 10_o 0_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr from_o thence_o till_o you_o come_v to_o the_o line_n go_v towards_o the_o east_n indies_n 11_o 0_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr at_o the_o isle_n de_fw-fr almirant_n near_o the_o line_n 13_o 0_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr near_a to_o c._n guarda_fw-it fui_fw-la or_o porto_n galeacea_n 8_o 15_o 13_o 15_o at_o p._n de_fw-la estreito_fw-la or_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o red_a sea_n 5_o 15_o 12_o 15_o at_o baxos_n de_fw-fr cuaqem_fw-la 1_o 15_o 19_o 15_o at_o port_n de_fw-fr igidid_fw-la 0_o 40_o 22_o 0_o at_o xuarit_fw-mi 0_o 15_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr east_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr at_o sidon_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o straigts_fw-fr 2_o 35_o 33_o 30_o  _fw-fr west_n north._n from_o the_o place_n that_o be_v 200_o league_n westward_o from_o goa_n to_o cape_n comorin_n 15_o 0_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr at_z goa_n 15_o 0_o 15_o 20_o at_o the_o isle_n comoro_n 13_o 0_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr in_o the_o bay_n of_o s._n augustine_n in_o madagascar_n 15_o 0_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr at_o cape_n romano_n in_o madagascar_n 17_o 40_o 26_o 0_o near_o madagascar_n 8_o 30_o 26_o 0_o 20_o 0_o from_o cape_n romano_n southerly_a 14_o 4_o 27_o  _fw-fr 30_o  _fw-fr from_o c._n romano_n west_n southwest_n half_a a_o point_n southerly_a 110_o league_n 14_o 14_o 36_o 34_o  _fw-fr variat_fw-la east_n latit_fw-la north._n  _fw-fr de._n m_o de._n m._n from_o c._n romano_n southwest_n 50_o league_n 15_o 25_o 28_o 20_o in_o the_o height_n of_o c._n romano_n 8_o league_n off_o 16_o 45_o 25_o 50_o at_o the_o i_o will_v of_o s._n mary_n enter_v the_o bay_n of_o antongil_n 17_o 0_o 17_o 0_o in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o bay_n of_o antongil_n by_o many_o and_o exact_a observation_n 20_o 0_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr at_o the_o bay_n of_o tanassarin_fw-mi 5_o 30_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr at_o the_o west_n side_n of_o the_o sand_n of_o saya_n de_fw-fr malha_n 15_o 0_o 11_o 30_o at_o the_o island_n ragapez_n 22_o 11_o 10_o 0_o from_o the_o
such_o as_o may_v easy_o be_v know_v by_o other_o circumstance_n whereof_o we_o shall_v speak_v hereafter_o and_o although_o the_o mariner_n may_v find_v amsterdam_n otherwise_o as_o by_o the_o place_n near_o adjoin_v by_o conjecture_n by_o the_o sounding_n by_o the_o sand_n and_o many_o other_o sign_n without_o any_o regard_n of_o the_o variation_n yet_o i_o think_v good_a to_o propound_v a_o know_a place_n for_o example_n that_o the_o universality_n of_o the_o same_o rule_n may_v be_v know_v in_o long_a navigation_n wherein_o no_o land_n appear_v as_o for_o example_n if_o the_o master_n of_o a_o ship_n desire_v to_o sail_v from_o hence_o to_o cape_n s._n augustine_n in_o brasile_n and_o know_v that_o the_o variation_n there_o as_o it_o be_v report_v be_v 3_o deg_n and_o 10_o min._n and_o the_o latitude_n 8_o deg_n 30_o min._n towards_o the_o south_n when_o in_o go_v thitherwards_o he_o shall_v come_v to_o that_o latitude_n and_o variation_n he_o shall_v then_o know_v that_o he_o be_v 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to_o that_o pass_n that_o mariner_n may_v receive_v great_a profit_n by_o this_o mean_n he_o the_o high_a admiral_n give_v commandment_n to_o all_o the_o company_n of_o the_o admiralty_n adjoin_v also_o thereto_o a_o certain_a introduction_n that_o they_o shall_v do_v their_o best_a indevor_n that_o all_o master_n of_o ship_n shall_v provide_v themselves_o for_o this_o purpose_n that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o to_o what_o place_n soever_o they_o shall_v come_v they_o shall_v seek_v out_o the_o declination_n of_o the_o magnetical_a needle_n from_o the_o north_n or_o the_o variation_n of_o the_o compass_n not_o light_o run_v over_o the_o matter_n as_o it_o be_v by_o the_o way_n and_o for_o fashion_n sake_n only_o but_o with_o great_a carefulness_n and_o diligence_n take_v with_o they_o meet_v and_o needful_a instrument_n for_o that_o purpose_n and_o that_o after_o their_o return_n into_o their_o own_o country_n they_o shall_v true_o and_o faithful_o certify_v their_o company_n or_o 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as_o you_o sail_v along_o how_o you_o may_v know_v the_o distance_n of_o your_o ship_n from_o they_o it_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o passenger_n when_o they_o first_o descry_v that_o land_n which_o they_o will_v arrive_v at_o to_o ask_v the_o pilot_n how_o far_o they_o be_v from_o land_n unto_o which_o question_n he_o may_v well_o answer_v if_o he_o know_v two_o cape_n or_o point_n or_o notable_a place_n thereupon_o which_o place_n the_o further_o they_o be_v asunder_o one_o from_o another_o the_o more_o certain_o may_v he_o answer_v to_o that_o question_n let_v he_o pitch_v therefore_o one_o foot_n of_o one_o pair_n of_o compass_n upon_o one_o of_o the_o two_o foresay_a cape_n and_o the_o other_o foot_n upon_o the_o rumb_n which_o in_o his_o compass_n point_v towards_o that_o cape_n and_o in_o like_a manner_n shall_v he_o do_v with_o another_o pair_n of_o compass_n place_v one_o foot_n thereof_o upon_o the_o other_o know_v cape_n and_o the_o other_o foot_n upon_o the_o rumb_n which_o 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motion_n of_o the_o sea_n whereby_o at_o some_o time_n it_o seem_v more_o increase_v then_o at_o other_o and_o these_o tide_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n for_o some_o be_v such_o as_o we_o call_v springtide_n and_o neap-tide_n and_o the_o course_n of_o this_o motion_n happen_v from_o one_o half_a month_n to_o another_o half_a month_n other_o be_v those_o which_o we_o call_v more_o proper_o by_o the_o name_n of_o tide_n to_o wit_n a_o full_a sea_n and_o a_o low_a sea_n a_o swell_a and_o a_o fall_a sea_n and_o these_o be_v from_o the_o one_o half_a lunar_a day_n to_o the_o other_o half_a which_o tide_n as_o well_o the_o first_o as_o the_o second_o have_v their_o course_n and_o move_a from_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o moon_n which_o be_v of_o two_o sort_n one_o proper_a from_o west_n to_o east_n by_o mean_n whereof_o in_o thirty_o day_n almost_o it_o be_v in_o conjunction_n with_o the_o sun_n which_o we_o call_v the_o new_a moon_n and_o in_o opposition_n which_o we_o call_v the_o full_a of_o 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