sometimes one way sometimes another Wind at South-west and by South a small gale I hoisted out my Boat and sounded but no ground at 140 Fathoms I tried the Current with my Boat but found little or none worth notice the Sea ripled in many places I sounded on them but no ground at 108 Fathom several Beds of Sea-weed driving to and fro in knots these Weeds are five or six Fathom long in strings with broad leaves on them of a brown colour at the root hangs a Clod or Rock of 2 or 3 pound weight several Sea-Fowls flying and swimming near the Ship being quite clam my Men kill'd some of them with their Birding-pieces for they were very tame not moving at the report of of a Gun they are very like to Sea-Gulls and good meet some Seals and Whales seen February 5. were seen several beds of Rock-weed and Sea-Fowls much like Gannets some black others white pied and grey small Seal-fishes like so many Dogs for their Heads resemble Bull-dogs which they 'l keep above Water a long time and look at the Ship they are very nimble at diving and skipping out of the Water This Afternoon at seven a Clock I was in the Latitude of 41 degrees South and Longitude West from the Lizard of England 52 deg and 50 min. and in Meridian distance from the Lizard 895 Leagues Meridian distance from Port Praya 616 Leagues Longitude from Port Praya West 36 d. 34 m. This Night I advised with Don Carolus where it would be best for us to hale in with the Land in what Latitude or at what Cape or Harbour on this Coast of America being now to the South-ward of the River of Plate and according to my Instructions before the Coast to be discover'd and a Trade set on foot with the Natives He told me I might do what I would for he did not understand the Coast nor where 't was inhabited 't was his whole Discourse in the Voyage that he had been here in a Galley and knew all the Coasts from the River of Plate to the Streights and thorow the Streights all along the West Coast to Baldavia and Lima being arrived here as far as I can perceive by him he knows nothing of the matter nor any thing appertaining to Navigation all I can fancy of him is that he may have liv'd with a West Indian Governour whom he has heard talk of these Parts February 8. at 7 a Clock this Afternoon the Wind came to the West South-west a stiff gale I stood to the Southward much Rock-weed pass'd by the Ship to day and several Sea-Fowls seen very cold for the Season being Summer which Don Carolus began to complain of and told me he did not think we should have come so far Southerly I shew'd him by my Plates how far we were to go through the Streights and along the West Coast he said the Spaniards went to Chile a nearer way I answer'd 't was into the River of Plate and over Land which we could not do My Company are all in good health but some of a puny Race grow weak in being so long on Shipboard I give them Vinegar once a Week which is very good to prevent the Scurvy in their Mouths also I order'd every Man to wash his Mouth Face and Hands before the receive his daily Allowance of Bread and appointed one Man to see it performed if any neglected it the Steward kept their Allowance for one day likewise every Man is commanded to keep himself clean and free from Lice upon forfeiture of his daily Allowance to the Party accusing him by these means the Ship is kept neat sweet and clean tho' the dirty foggy Weather is a great Enemy to this Discipline February 19. I sounded often to day and had fifty and fifty three Fathom dark black Sand wth some bright fine Sand in it Beds of Rock-weed Seals and Porpoises such as are in the European Seas seen to day three Whales many Fowls flying about and some Penguins in the Sea swimming near the Ships at 2 a Clock in the Afternoon the Wind was at E. b. S. a stout gale and a great Sea I stood to the Southward close haled under my Courses the Pink half a Mile to Wind-ward of me udner her's she out-sails us now it blows and puts us past our Top-fails and steers along with us with only her Main-sail set the Sea runs lofty Monday February 21. At a quarter of an hour past eight this Morning I saw the Land bearing West of me and distant about 4 Leagues I sounded and had 21 Fathom small Stones and Sand still I stood in West by my Compass The Land makes but an ordinary heighth towards the Sea side but farther up round high Hills and looks reddish the Northermost Land I could see which was Cape Blanco bore North-north-west of me about two Leagues and the Southermost Land at the face of the Cape The Land trented away to te Southward of me Southwesterly of an ordinary height by the Water side but up in the Land are Hills like Tables on the top a little higher than the rest the Land makes in Hills and Valleys all along like Downs of an ordinary heighth at nine a Clock this Morning I braced the Head-sails to the Mast and lay so half an hour till the Fog cleared up that I might make the Land plainly being within five miles of the shore side which made a kind of Bay breached on the shore I sounded and at 17 Fathom had rough ground with some small stones drawn up in the Tallow of the Lead which was dinted by Rocks between nine and ten a Clock there was a fine clear by which I saw the Land very plainly it look'd reddish like seared Grass no Woods to be seen on any of the Hills or Valleys but all as bare as the Grass-Downs in England I durst not send my Boat a-shore for fear of losing her in the Fog or being sunk at the shore whereon the Sea breaks very much the Wind was at North and by East a fresh gale blew almost along the shore and being out but 24 hours before made the Sea run high the Land lies by the Sea-side South-south-west and North-north-east as far as I could see to the Southward no fire or smoak to be see upon the Land Course made true after several Courses from yesterday Noon till to day at nine a Clock when I was 3 Leagues off the Land true Course is West 6 d. 50 m. Northerly distance sailed fifty miles seven tenths Departure West 50 miles difference of Longitude West 1 d. 15 m. difference of Latitude North 0d 6 m. Latitude by account is 47 d. 14 m. South no Observation this three days being foggy Weather Meridian distance from the Lizard West 1014 League 1 mile 7 tenths Longitude at 9 a Clock from the Lizard West 61 d. 56 m. 6 tenths Longitude from Port Praya West 44 deg 38 m. 5 tenths Meridian distance from Port Praya West
735 Leagues 1 mile 5 tenths Variation of the Compass Easterly 18 Degrees I concluded we had shot past Port Desier Harbour in the Fog for the Islands and Rocks which we saw were Penguin and other Isles lying about it which lies to the Southward of the Harbour of Port Desier Many Seals Penguins pied Porpoises and several Sea Fowls c. seen to day Thursday Febr. 24. Hasey Weather Wind at West-north-west a fresh gale I sent Men up to the Top-mast-head to look abroad this Morning no sight of the Pink I judge she must be in Port Desier I weighed about 8 a Clock this Morning and stood to the Northward with my Ship I went in my Pinnace along the shore to the Northward whilst the Ship sail'd in the Offing about two Leagues from the shore the Shore-side is in Beaches and scatter'd Rocks in many places the Tide of Flood was with us at the North-end of Seals Bay lies a small rocky Island copling up like a Haycock It is cover'd with grey-colour'd Fowls Dung a very strong Tide runs here between the Island and the Main 't is a little more than a Cables length from the Point of the Main there 's a great many broken Rocks about it by the Sea-side here the main Land is low and sandy up the Country in large Downs and Hills without Wood or fresh Water any where On this Island are abundance of Seals and Sea Fowls we gave it the name of Tomahauke Island from an Indian Club lost here called by the Caribbe-Indians at Surinam a Temahauke 't is all a craggy Rock a little bigger than Seal-Island and is eight Leagues to the North-north-east distant from it to the Northwest of this Island is a deep rounding Bay called in the Charts Spiring's Bay wherein lie three small Islands of an indifferent height the Land in the Country over this Bay is large high Hills Rocks lie in the North part of the Bay I cross'd it in the Pinnace amd sounded as I went over and had 21 Fathom rough ground in the mid-way 't is seven Miles broad and near 3 Leagues deep it rounds with a turning up to the North-northwest ward behind a Point farther than I saw upon which rounding Point stand black Rocks which make like a ragged Building and a Tower in it at my coming in with the Land I sail'd close under this shoar with my Boat the shore is steep black Rocks and low Bays with Pebble-stones and sandy Beaches green Grass on the Hills no Wood nor fresh Water to be seen at the North-east Point of this Spiring's-Bay the Land makes out full like a foreland a fair high Land in large plain Hills with sandy small Bays at the face of this Foreland lie six rocky Islands one is a Musket-shot off the Main the rest farther off the outwardmost is the biggest a Mile from the Point of the Main and is called Penguin-Island it is indifferent high at the ends and low in the middle 't is near three quarters of a Mile long North-north-east and South-south-west and near half a Mile broad East and West it is all craggy Rocks except in the lowest part of the middle which is gravelly and in the Summer time had a little green Grass the great black Gannets lay their Eggs here and the Penguins all over the Island upon and under the Rocks in Holes Seals lie all about the sides on the tops of the highest Rocks and in the middle of it the number of Seals Penguins and Sea-Fowl upon these Islands is alsmost incredible to them that never saw them for the multitude of each Creature that 's there daily is numberless the Six Islands are full of Seals but the Penguins frequent the biggest most I put a-shore at one of them and took into my Boat three hundred Penguins in less than half an hour and could have taken three thousand in the time if my Boat would have carried 'em for 't is but driving 'em in flocks to the shore by the Boats side where two or three Men knock them on the head with short Truncheons and the rest heave them into the Boat the Seals will run over a Man if he does not avoid 'em mean time the Ship was standing to the Northward about 2 Leagues off many broken Rocks and foul ground lie among these Islands and without the Point of the outermost it makes a great ripling which is the strength of the Tide reversed from the Islands aginst the other Tide to the Northward of these Islands is a Bay four Leagues long and a League and half deep in the Northwest thereof lies the Harbour of Port Desier which we could see from Penguin Island 's bearing North-north-west from Penguin Island distant about 3 Leagues about the middle of this Bay are steep white Cliffs near two miles long the upper part of the Cliff has black streaks down a fourth part caused by the Water draining down on it the Land is plain on the top of these Cliffs but further into the Country high rounding Hills and Downs and toward the Water-side low on the South part of the Bay are craggy Rocks on the Main like great Walls near the Sea there 's a sandy Cove to hale a Boat up in foul Weather the Cove is just under these wall-like Rocks Saturday Feb. 26. Fair Weather the Wind at West a stiff gale I kept a Light out all Night that the Pink might see if she came along the first part of the Night a great Fire was made on the shore for the same purpose Cold weather this Morning at 7 a Clock I manned both my Boats and into the Herbour the Ship rode moored at the Harbour-mouth within the Muscle-bank in six Fathom at low Water I sent my Men upon the Hills on the North shore to look abroad for the Pink and make a Fire in the dry Grass that she might see the smoak if she were thereabouts but they could not see her I sounded the Harbour in many places to day at low Water and found it a very good one for great Ships to ride in provided they have good Cables and Anchros I searched the shore but found no Wood and very little fresh Water on the hilly and large Downs very few Bushes but dry long Grass growing in tufts and knots the Soil is gravelly and dry in some Valleys well mixt with black mould no People fire or smoak but our own to be seen I saw several places where they had lain behind Bushes upon Grass which they had plucked up and that they had made small sires and roasted Lumpets and Muscles there lay Wooll Feathers bones of Beasts and shivers of Flints I went to a Flag which I left on a Hill yesterday with Beads at it but finding no body had been at it let it stand no Beasts seen any where except two Hares running over the Hills this day we were taken up with viewing the Harbour so that we did not advance above a mile and
thousands fourteen foot long the common sort are about five foot and all very fat they 'l gape at you when you come to them as if they would devour you and 't is labour enough for two Men to kill one of the great ones with a Hand-spike which is the best Weapon for that purpose Saturday March 5. Fair Weather Wind at South-west a fine gale This Morning we went ashore to flay some Seals and cut the Bodies in good handsom pieces and salted it up well in Bulk on Deal-boards ashore that the blood might drain from it the Meat looks as well and as white as Lamb and is very good Victuals now but when 't is a little salt it will eat much better those we dress'd were all young Seals for they sucked their Dams who as soon as they come ashore bleat immediatly come her young ones and bleat about her like Lambs and suck her one old Female suckles four or five and beats away other young ones that come near whence I believe they have four or five at a time the young ones which we killed and eat were as big as a midling Dog we cut the fat off of the Great ones and made Oil of it for the Lamps and other uses in the Ship the Oil of the young ones we fried and eat with our Provisions it is very sweet and good to fry any Food with our Men will have it to be as good as Olive Oil most of my Men to day gathered of those green Pease-leaves and other Herbs for Sallads which some eat raw some boiled it is refreshing to their Bodies Sunday March 6. Blowing Weather Wind at West This day after Prayers I went ashore on the South-side of the River and travelled eight miles into the Land South-west and by West having twelve armed Men with me my Lieutenant went up the River in the Boat nine or ten miles to see for People that way my other Lieutenant went on the North-side with ten armed Men to see for People and view the Land I found in my Travels one of those great Beasts like a Deer dead and whole the Vermin had not touched him all his Back had pretty long Wooll of the colour of dried Rose-leaves and down his sides his Belly white Wooll he was as big as a small Colt he had a long Neck a Head like a Sheep so was his Mouth and Ears his Legs very long and Cloven-footed like a Deer a short bushy Tail of a reddish colour no Horns nor ever had any it was a Male I believe these Beasts are Peruvian Sheep Guianacoes I had his Paunch opened and searched for the Bezoar-stone in it and in the Pipe to the Stomach I turned them inside outward but found none I had heard West-Indian Spaniards say that they have taken the Bezoar-stone of Guianacoes and therefore opened this which I take to be the same Beast In travelling to day I saw several herds of them sometimes ten thirty or forty together I could not get near enough to shoot at them they neigh like young Horses and so wander away I saw nine Ostriches but they would not suffer me to come within shot of them I let the Greyhound at them but they out-run him up the Hills we saw a Fox a wild Dog and five or six Hares of which the Greyhound killed one they are shaped like English Hares and much larger and instead of a Tail have a little stub about an inch long without Hair on it they have holes in the ground like Coneys no Woods to be seen only a few Bushes like White-Thorns The Land is dry of a sandy gravelly Soil in large rounding Hills not very high but in Downs and Valleys bearing nothing but Grass here and there are gullies of fresh Water in the Valleys which is made in the Winter-time when the Snow dissolves I saw several places of salt Water in the Land which is occasioned by the natural saltness of the Earth here are no Fruits nor Herbs When I was at the farthest and on a Hill I could not see any sign of People or Woods but still Hills and Valleys as far as we could descry no Birds to be seen but Kites which are like those in Europe and small Birds like Sparrows and Linnets some Flies and Humble-bees here we saw some small four-footed Animals running in the Grass speckled-Grey shaped like a small Creature in England called an Eft Newt or Lizard no Adder nor Snake nor any venomous Creature Cattle would live here very well such as Horses Cows Sheep Goats c. Evening growing upon us I returned to the Ship and 't was within Night when we got aboard our Boat and ten a Clock when we entered the Ship I found on Board my Lieutenant that went up the River but they which went on the North-side were not come back up the River they saw five small Islands which had Sea-fowls on them and Bushes for fewel the River grows broader upwards and has several Rocks in it on the shoar they saw Guianacoes Ostriches and Hares no People Fire or Smoak they saw where People had been and Fires made and Muscles and Lumpets roasted no fresh Water nor Wood nor any Metal or Mineral the Land hilly with Grass on it At twelve a Clock to Night those that went on the North-side came aboard they had been about eight miles into the Land North-west and saw no People but found where People had been and made Fires in the Grass and Grass laid to fire the Bushes also where some had lain on open places and set little Bushes in Half-moons to shelter them from the Weather on the top of a Hill they made a fire with Grass to see if any would answer them they sat down by it all day but could see none made any where else the Land is in rounding large Hills not very high but like Downs as the Coast of Yorkshire about Burlington no Woods nor Trees seen nor fresh Water here and there a Bush growing in a Valley indifferent good Grass the Soil gravelly and sandy and some ridges of Rocks they saw Guianacoes Ostriches Hares and Kites several little Creatures like Efts no kind of Fruit or Berry Mineral or Metal I charged them as they travelled in any Gullies where Water had run to search for grains of Gold or other Metal c. for Gold is found in grains in such Gullies and much Gold is found in the Land on the other side not two hundred Leagues distant from us much Salt-peter hangs on the Earth where Water has been in a kind of Flower the plashes of Water they met with were as salt as Brine which the Earth made I saw Smelts here eighteen Inches long lying dead on the Shore but hitherto have not seen one Oyster or other shell-Fish Crawfish Lobster or Crab though 't is possible the place may have 'em all Whilst we were standing by the Water-side a Seal chased on shore a Fish as large as a Mackrel
Valley in a gully of Rocks it bears North-north-west from the lower Rock that we called Peckets Well is a mile up the River within a Bow-shot of the salt Water 't is in a gully the Land in these Valleys has very green and sweet Grass and abundance of wild Pease small Nut-galls growing on the Bushes but in no great quantity and but few Bushes Salt may be made here for on the Shore-side and on the Rocks I gathered several handfuls of good Salt March 25. Gentlemen You are by me desired to take notice that this Day I take possession of this Harbour and River of Port Desier and of all the Land in this Country on both Shores for the use of his Majesty King Charles the Second of Great Britain and his Heirs God save our King and fired three Ordnance Saturday March 26. Wind at West a stout Gale I stood to the Northward this Morning at six a Clock when the Sun appeared above the East Horizon the Moon set in the West-horizon being eclipsed at London at Elevan a Clock ten minutes in the Forenoon but here at six a Clock thirty minutes past which gives four hours forty minutes difference of time between the Meridian of London and the Meridian of Cape Blanco which Cape lies in the Latitude of 47 d. 20 m. South on the South-east Coast of America where I saw this Eclipse 70 degrees in Longitude to the Westward of the Meridian of London by this Observation I could not see the whole Eclipse the Heavens being clouded I find Cape Blanco by my account of Sailing to lie in the Longitude of 69 d. 16 m. to the Westward of the Meridian of London If the Moon had not been clouded I might have been exact in the Longitude but I presume my Account is not much out Cape Blanco lies in the Latitude of 47 d. 20 m. South and in Longitude from the Lizard West 61 d. 56 m. and in Meridian distance from the Lizard West 1014 Leagues 1 Mile 6 1â— Port Desier in America lies in the Latitude of 47 d. 48 m. South and in Longitude from the Lizard West 61 d. 57 m. Meridian distance from the Lizard West 1015. Leagues 2 Miles 6 10 Penguin Island or the plentiful Isles Latitude 47 d. 55 m. South and in Longitude from the Lizard West 61 d. 57 m. Meridian distance from the Lizard West 1014. Leagues 2 Miles Variation of the Compass here is Easterly 17 d. 30 m. April 1. The Sweepstakes off of Seal's Bay in the Latitude of 48 d. 10 m. South on the Coast of Patagonia Saturday April 2. Fair Weather this Morning Wind at North-north-west a fine gale I filled at Day-light and steered away South-south-west and South and by West by my Compass as the Coast lies I sailed along in twenty Fathom-water black Sand distant from the shore near three Leagues this forenoon at nine a Clock I saw a small flat Island to the Westward of me about a League off the Land it lies in the Latitude of 48 d. 40 m. South the Land against it is high in large Hills and some round copling tops two Leagues more to the Southward the Land is low in a great Plain and a Beach by the Sea-side but the shore against this Island is rocky I was two Leagues East from the flat Island and had twenty three fathom black Sand I haled close in for the shore and sail'd within five Miles of it all along from this Island to Port St. Julian I sounded as I sail'd along and had 18 or 20 fathom fine black Sand the Land is low in a Valley the Sea-shore is a Beach here and there a Rock it is in a long Beach for four Leagues after you are to the Southward of the Flat-Island one League the shore lies South-fourth-west and North-north-east at the South-end of this Beach in-land are high round Hills but at the Sea-side is a steep white Cliff of an indifferent heighth with a black streak in it over the Cliff the Hill rounds up to the top having some small black Bushes growing on the side no Wood or Tree seen In this Bay is Port St. Julian the Harbour's mouth is in the middle of the Bay but you cannot see it without for one Point shutting in the other you must send your Boat in to discover the Harbour at Low-water and the Bar without for 't is a barred Harbour the Land in the Country over Port St. Julian on the West-side is high copling round Hills like blunt Sugar-loaves on the top â—is the highest Land I saw in all the Country and there are no such Hills besides on the Coast the Land is plain to the South without any Hill as far as we could see at this time this Afternoon it proved a Calm I anchored in the Bay before St. Julian in twelve fathom Water black oary Land the Harbour's mouth bearing West-south-west of me about two Leagues off I sent in my Boat to discover the Harbour and see if the Pink was there which returned to Night at six a Clock my Lieutenant told me there was a safe Harbour and Water enough for a bigger Ship but no Pink nor any sign of her having been there now I despaired of ever seeing her more after my hopes were frustrated here nevertheless I doubted not the success of my Voyage though the Company thought 't would be dangerous being a lone Ship a stormy Sea to sail in and unknown Coasts to search out and if we should happen to run aground any where could expect no relief these suspicions I soon put out of their Heads by telling them of the great Riches of the Land and that Captain Drake went round the World in one Ship when in those days there were but ordinary Navigators and was it for us to question our good fortune who beyond Comparison are better Seamen if we would put our selves in Action and for me I would expose no Man to more danger than my self in the Attempt Calm to Night I rode fast a small Tide running where I rode the Water ebb'd near three fathom perpendicular it is near nine Leagues from the Flat Island to Saint Julian South-south-west and North-north-east as the shore lies The Mouth of Port Saint Julian in Latitude 49 d. 10 m. South and in Longitude from the Lizard 63 d. 10 m. and in Meridian distance from the Lizard West 1030 Leagues by an Amplitude here the Compass has varied 16 d. 10 m. East Wednesday April 13. Fair Weather Wind at West a small gale Frosty and cold Air no sign of the Pink I went ashore and haled the Seyne on the East-side at the first of the Flood we caught five hundred Fishes as big as large Mullets and much like them grey and full of Scales some as big as a Man's Leg we caught them all in four hours time returned aboard and divided them among the whole Ship 's Company they eat admirably well many good Muscles lie on the Rocks
Worshipping any thing either Sun or Moon but came directly to us at our first going on Land making a noise and every Man his Bow ready strung and two Arrows a Man in their Hands their Bows are about an Ell long and their Arrows are near eighteen Inches long and neatly made of Wood and headed with Flint-stones neatly made broad-Arrow-fashion well fastned to the Arrow and the other end is feathered with two Feathers and tied on with the Gut of some Beast when it is green and moist the Bow-string is some twisted Gut These People have very large mungrel Dogs much like the race of Spanish Dogs and are of several colours I did not see any other domestick Creature they have neither could I at this time see their Boats for they lay at the other end of the Island next the Main they waited on this Island for an opportunity of fair Weather to go to the other Islands for Penguins there being great numbers of those Birds on the southermost of the three Islands and many other white-breasted Divers October 30. To Night I anchored in a small Bay in eleven fathom Water gravelly Ground half a mile off the Shore no Tide runs here as to thwart up a Ship the Water riseth and falls perpendicular ten Feet This Bay hath two Rivulets of fresh Water in it and good Timber-trees of eighteen Inches through and near forty Feet long the Wood is much lik a Beech here are wild Currant-trees and many such like Bushes the Woods are very thick and green and much old Wood lies on the Ground so as there is no travelling into the Woods I was a-shore looking to and fro here three hours I called this Fresh-water Bay this is near nine Leagues to the Southward of Sweepstakes Bay Sand-point is a mean low Point lies out more than the other Points of the Shore and few Trees grow on it It is six Leagues from Fresh-water Bay to Port Famen South and North from the one to the point of the other that nearest Port Famen cannot be seen as you come from the Northward till you come to bring the Point S. Anne up on the Northwest of you for the Bay lies up in a little hook North-west and the Land on the West-side of the Bay is low in a Point and sandy and some Grass grows on it and much drift-Wood lies on it like a Carpenters-yard a little within Land from the Water-side grow brave green Woods and up in the Valleys large Timber-trees two foot throughout and some upwards of 40 Feet long much like our Beech-timber in England the Leaves of the Trees are like green Birch-tree leaves curiously sweet the Wood shews in many places as if there were Plantations for there are several clear places in the Woods and Grass growing like fenc'd Fields in England the Woods being so even by the sides of it and on Point Saint Anne as you come sailing from the Northward you will see good Bushes and tall Trees grow on the very point of it This Point is rocky on the Shore-side but no danger lies or it you may be bold on it to get into Port Famen Bay Here is good Wooding and Watering and good catching of Fish with the Seyne or Net I haled above five hundred large Fishes a-shore at one hale much like to a Mullet all scaly Fishes here are many large Smelts or twenty Inches long and many Anchovies and some small made Scates Here is great plenty of Fish so much as we feed wholly on it and salt up much of the Mullets and Anchovies Here grow many Trees of good large Timber forty Inches through the Leaves are green and large much like Bay-tree Leaves in England the rind is grey on the out-side and pretty thick rined this Rind or Bark of these Trees if you chew it in your Mouth is hotter than Pepper and more quicker it is of a spicy smell when it is dry I cut of the Bark and made use of it in my Pease and other Provisions instead of Spice and found it very wholesom and good wee steeped it in our Water and drank it and it gave the Water a pretty flavor There grow of these Trees in the Woods in many places in the Streight on both Shores and on the Coasts on both sides of Patagonia before your enter them This may be the Winter-bark of the Shops which has an Aromatick pepper-like or spicy tast Port Famen lies in the Lat. of 53 d. 35 m. South and in Longitude West from the Lizard 68 d. 9 m. and Meridian distance 1092. Leagues West as my Account is in my Sailing this Voyage I give no credit to the plain Sailing therefore this Meridian distance signifies very little as to Navigation I travelled in many places but could not see any Fruit-trees or Oak or Ash or Hasel or any Timber like ours in England Here are but two sorts or Timber in all these Woods and one is the Pepper-rind Tree which is indifferent Wood and the other is the Timber much like Beech Here are the best and biggest Trees in all the Streights here are Trees of two foot and an half through and between thirty and forty feet long there may be great Planks cut out of them I could not see any grains of Metal of Mineral in any place and I looked very carefully in Gullies and places where Water had guttered Here are some Herbs to be plucked up as we boiled for Salleting and green Grass with it which relished pretty well The Land in the Woods is dry and of a gravelly and sandy Soil and some places good brown Earth it is bad travelling in the Woods for old Trees and Under-woods the Woods trent all up on the sides of the Hills the Land all about on the North-west and West of Port Famen trents up to very high Hills and the In-land is very high Hills for we can see the tops of them all barren and ragged peeping over those Mountains next to the Shore-side much Snow lies continually on them the Land on the South-shore is very high and peaked I saw many Ducks and brant-Geese on the Shore-sides and in the fresh Waters together with some Whales spouting in the main Channel I do verily believe that in these Mountains there is some Metal either Gold or Copper for the Man that went aboard pointed up to the Mountains and spake to me when I shewed him my Ring These People eat up the Provision which was carried to them and greased themselves all over with the Oil and greased their Skin-Coats with it I made signs to them to go and get some Gold and bring it to me some of them went away to their Boats the rest sat still on the Grass talking one to another and pointing to the Ship Their Language is much in the Throat and not very fluent but uttered with good deliberation I could not perceive but only the younger were obedient to the elder and the Women were in obedience to
West-south-west fair Weather Course per Compass North-east by East distance sailed by the Log 83 Miles true Course Protracted and variation allowed is East 33 d. North difference of Lat. 47 Miles by Observation departure 66 Miles Lat. by a good Observation 70 d. 30 m. Meridian distance 367 Miles East Yesterday and this Day we saw many Whales Monday June 19. From the 18. Noon to this Day Noon a fresh Gale at West by South thick hasey Weather with Rains at seven a Clock in the Forenoon saw many Sea Fowles more than at any time yet with many Jubartesses at ten a Clock saw the Land being the Islands that lie about 20 Leagues to the Westward of the North Cape true Course allowed for variation is North-north-east distance sailed by the Log 135 Miles difference of Lat. 50 Miles departure East 30 Miles Lat. per Judgment 71 d. 20 m. Meridian distance 497 Miles At Noon the Island Sanden bore South by East about 8 or 9 Leagues off this Island is a high craggy Land with some Snow on the Land Tuesday June 20. From the 19. Noon to this day Noon Course per Compass between the East-north-east and the North-east distance sailed by the Log 128 Miles true Coursed allowed for the variation is North 43 d. East difference of Lat. 91 Miles departure 88 Miles East Lat. per Judgment 72 d. 51 m. Meridian distance 585 Miles From yesterday Noon to this day Noon the first 12 Hours a fresh Gale at South-west but the last 12 Hours much Wind with small Rains and great Fogs saw many Sea Fowles Wednesday June 21. From the 20. to the 21. Noon a stiff Gale with Gusts and small Rains Course per Compass North-east distance sailed by Log 35 Miles true Course allowed by variation is North 40 d. East difference of Lat. 103 Miles departure East 86 Miles Lat. per Judgment 74 d. 34 m. Meridian distance 671 Miles thick cloudy Weather saw many Sea Fowles Thursday June 22. From the 21. Noon to this 22. Noon Course per Compass North-east distance sailed per Log 116 Miles true Course allowed by variation and Leeward way is North 43 d. East difference of Lat. 85 Miles departure East 79 Miles Lat. per Judgment 75 d. 59 m. Meridian distance 750 Miles East the Wind at North-west a fresh Gale Weather variable sometime cloudy and sometimes fair but very cold At Noon we saw Ice right a Head about a League off we sailed close to it and found it to lie away East-south-east and West-north-west we bore away East-south-east along the Ice in the Afternoon we had some small Snow and very cold Weather Friday June 23. From yesterday Noon to this Day Noon we steered along the Ice finding it to have many openings which we sailed into but found them to be Bays our true Course sailed along the Ice the variation allowed was East 14 d. South 77 m. Lat. per Judgment 75 d. 41 m. difference of Lat. 19 m. departure 74 Miles Meridian distance 824 Miles Wind N. N. W. At Noon we sounded and had 158 Fathom soft green Oar and found the Current to set South-south-east we have found very smooth to Leeward of this Ice and in some places found pieces of the Ice driving off a Mile sometimes more or less from the main body of the Ice finding it to be in several strange shapes resembling Trees Beasts Fishes Fowles c. The main Body of the Ice being low but very Craggy being many pieces lying close together and some a top of each other and in some places we saw high hillocks of blue colour but all the rest of the Ice very white as though it were Snow In some places we saw drift Wood amongst the Ice we took up some of the Ice and melted it and the Water very fresh and good this Day we found very cold and freezing Saturday June 24. From the 23. Noon to this Day Noon little Wind at North by West we steered close along the Ice sailing into every opening but could not find any Passage through neither could we see over the Ice in any place from our Topmast-Head true Course Protracted as we sailed along the Ice is East 34 d. South difference of Lat. 24 Miles South departure East 34 Miles Lat. per Judgment 75 d. 18 m. but by a good Observation at Noon the Lat. 74 d. 50 m. the difference between the Dead Lat. and the observed Lat. is 28 Miles which difference hath been caused by the Current setting South-south-east At Noon we sounded and had 128 Fathom Water and the Current as yesterday South-south-east this last 24 Hours fair Weather with little Winds having some small Fogs but lasted not above half an Hour at a time Meridian distance 858 Miles Sunday June 25. From the 24. Noon to this Day Noon little Wind with Calms and the most part foggy so that we durst not venture in the Ice but lay by and stood off true Course Protracted is East 30 d. South difference of Lat. 13 Miles South departure East 19 Miles Lat. per Judgment 74 d. 37 m. Meridian distance 877 Miles East Wind variable from the North-west to the West-south-west At One in the Afternoon the Fog broke up hard freezing Weather our Rigging and Sails frozen for as fast as the Fog fell it freezed Monday June 26. From the 25. Noon to this Day Noon little Wind from the North-west to North Course per Compass between the West-south-west and the North-east distance sailed by the Log 63 Miles difference of Lat. 7 Miles North departure East 58 Miles true Course Protracted is East 7 d. North Lat. per Judgment is 74 d. 40 m. Meridian distance 935 Miles At Noon we stood is close with the Ice and saw something to move we judging it might be Sea-Horses or Morses lying on the Ice we sent our Boat to see and they found two Sea-Horses upon the Ice they fired several shot at them but could not kill them notwithstanding that they were much wounded they got into the Water and so went under the Ice We have found the Ice to lie away East these 24 Hours the Wind at North and very cold and at 12 at Night 70 Fathom green Oar at 9 in the Evening saw Land the North part of it bearing East and the South part South-east being high and covered with Snow about 15 Leagues off Sounded and had 125 Fathom Tuesday June 27. From Monday the 26. to Tuesday 27. little Wind from the North-west to the North by East with Calms we kept close with the Ice and found it joyn to the Land of Nova Zembla true Course Protracted is East by North 30 Miles difference of Lat. 16 Miles departure East 29 Miles Lat. per Judgment 74 d. 46 m. Meridian distance 964 Miles at Noon 83 Fathom Water about 6 Leagues from the Shore we rowed in towards the Shore and found the Ice to lic about 5 Leagues from the Shore we went out of our Boat on
where any Trees grew Here are abundance of Muscles very refreshing Diet and full of Pearl also Limpets and incredible Numbers of Penguins and Seals Anno Dom. 1598. The Fourth Circumnavigation of the Globe was performed by Oliver Noort a Dutchman his chief Pilot being Captain Melis an Englishman who had accompanied Mr. Candish in his Voyage This Noort steer'd much the same Course with Magalianes Drake and Candish having spent near three years in encompassing the Earth He saw upon the Land of Patagonia some Deer a sort of Bufalo and Ostriches We may note here that in the Year 1589 the Delight of Bristol one of the Consorts of John Chidley Esq and Mr. Paul Wheel got into the Streights of Magellan but meeting with Misfortunes was forced back having reach'd only Cape Froward Also in the year 1598. Verhagen ' s Fleet under Sir James Mahu Simon de Cordes Sebald de Wert c. wherein William Adams was chief Pilot suffered great Miseries in these Streights This Sebald de Wert gave Clusius a description of the Winter-bark-Tree growing up and down Patagonia They preserv'd themselves mith Geese Ducks vast large Muscles Penguins Seals c. Returning out of the Streight and sailing Southwards they discovered Sebald's Isles Anno Dom. 1614. George Spilbergen General of a Dutch Fleet of six Ships passed through the Streights of Magellan and the South Sea to the East Indies from whence he returned by the Cape of Good Hope to the Texel having been out about three years This was the Fifth Circumnavigation of the Globe Ann. Don. 1609 1610. Pedro Fernandez Giros a Portuguese and Captain Ferdinand de Quir a Spaniard do both affirm That they sailed at several times above 800 Leagues together on the Coast of a Southern Continent until they came to the height of 15 degrees of South Latitude where they found a very fruitful pleasant and populous Country Giros began to take his Course in the height of the Streights of Magellan This vast Tract of Land perhaps may be one side of or may belong to Jansen Tasmen's Land Van Diemen's Land Zelandia Nova Hollandia Nova Carpentaria and New Guiney which the Dutch afterwards coasted detected and gave Names to many Bays Rivers and Capes in the Years 1619 1622,1627 1628 1642 and 1644. from the Equinoctial to 44 deg South Lat. The Hollanders have indeed made the greatest Discoveries towards the South Terra Incognita which they have not yet divulg'd Dirk Rembrantse about 15 or 16 years ago published in Low Dutch a short Relation out of the Journal of Captain Abel Jensen Tasmen upon his Discoveries of the South Terra Incognita in the year 1642 to the Southward of Nova Hollandia Vandemen's Land c. 'T is remarkable that all the Circumnavigators of the Globe enter'd into the East Indies either by the Philippines or the Molucco's being peradventure hindred from passing round more Southwards by that vast long Chain of Land which seems to stretch almost from the Equinosctial to the 50 degree of South Lat. Therefore they generally steer'd upon the South Sea either for the Isles of Salomon or those called the Ladrones Anno Dom. 1615. Will. Cornelius Schouten of Horn and Jacob le Maire of Amsterdam undertook the Sixth Circumnavigation of the Globe by a new Passage Southwards from the Streights of Magellan in Terra del Fuogo which they happily discovered and passed finding out Sebald's-Isles Staten-Land Maurice-Land Barnevelt-Isles and so by Cape Horn in the 57deg of S. Lat. they found out a new way into the South Sea called ever since Le Maire's Streight in this Voyage they gave Names to several Islands and Countries returning to Holland by the East Indies having been out two years and Eighteen days Aftewards a Spnish Fleet under Bartolemeo Garcias de Nodal Anno 1618. sailed through Le Maire's Passage and in the year 1623. part of Prince Maurice his Fleet steered the same Course discovering some small Isles Nodal saw People near Le Maire's Streight all painted and clad with Birds Skins they fed upon yellow Flowers like Marigolds Anno 1643. Brewer or Brower went another way into the South Sea by a Passage called after his own Name which is east of Le Maire's Streight but whether Brewer went through a New Streight with Land on each side or had a wide Sea on the East we cannot inform you having never seen the Diary of his Voyage but most Maps make it a new Streight the perhaps he might sail near the same Course which Captain Sharp afterwards did they who have his Voyage may soon determine this Doubt The Southern part of Terra Magellanica commonly called Terra del Fuego from the great Fires seen upon it by the Sailors seems by the Observations of the Dutch to be divided into many Isles and Streights leading into both Seas The Country appears mountainous with fair and green Vallies Springs Rivulets and much Herbage The Creeks are fit for Shipping Water and Wood being plentiful The Air is tempestuous from the vast quantity of Vapours from both Oceans The Natives paint their Bodies and deck themselves with Shells and Skins They make their Baskets and Nets of Rushes out of which they twist Lines and hanging Hooks made of Stone and baited with Muscles they take abundance of Fish Their Knives are made of sharpened Bones and all their Arrows are armed with them Their Canoes are like the Venetian Gondola's For the Description of the Northern part of Terra Magellanica commonly called Patagonia we refer the Reader to Sir John Narbrough's Journal printed at the beginning of this Collection Anno 1669. His Majesty of Great Britain His Royal Highness the Duke of York and seveothers of the Nobility design'd a better Discovery of Chili in order whereunto two Ships were sent out under the Conduct of that great Navigator and worthy Commander Sir John Narbrough who returned June 1671 having been out above two years passing and repassing the Streights of Magellan and coasting Patagonia and Chili His Observations and Draughts are the most judicious and exact of of any that went before him Anno 1680. and 1681. Captain Sharp made many bold Adventures on several Islands and Coasts in the South Sea In his return he being quite out of all hopes of recovering the Streights of Magellan or those of Le Maire or Brewer was forced to seek for a Passage farther South than by Cape Horn he went to about 60 deg South Lat. meeting with many Islands of Ice Snow Frosts and Whales departing from a small Place named by him the Duke of York's Island in the South Sea he steered near 800 Leagues to the Eastward and afterwards as many to the Westward The first Land he saw in those three Months was the Island of Barbadoes so that Land in the Streight of Le Maire and in Brewer's Passage must be Islands and not join'd to any great Southern Continent as suppos'd by some Since these Attemps and Undertakings several English Ships have passed
from me distant about a mile and an half there are craggy Rocks to the South of the Road on the shore side but to the North a low sandy shore the Road is on the North-west and by West part of the Island in a small sandy Bay there 's the Salt-pond a bow 's shot from the Sea in the low flat Land fresh water is very scarce here I went ashore presently after I had anchored and found a heap of Salt of about 20 Tuns I got aboard again immediately and sent the Long-boat ashore which brought off 2 Tuns and ½ the Suff came in so much that no more could be got off we halled the Seyne here and caught abundance of good Mullets with some Cavalle and silver Fish one of the Islanders a Negro came aboard whom I sent ashore to tell the People that if they brought down some Cattle I would buy some of them I rode here all Night fair Weather the Wind Easterly This side of the Island is dry land without wood here are many Goats and Guinea Hens Friday October 29. fair Weather the wind at NE. a fine gale this Morning I sent my Boat ashore and bought of the Islanders some Goats at ½ a piece of Eight per Head and 8 Cows excellent good meat at 6 pieces of Eight a Cow giving the skins again my men caught a great many Fish with the Seyne which this day we split and laid in pickle four Hours then dried them to keep which they will a long time in any Climate as I have experienced in other Voyages and are very good Victuals at Sea I made what dispatch I could to be gone for St. Jago Island This day in the forenoon a Ship passed by to the Westward on the South side of the Isle and in the afternoon we saw several Ships coming from the Northward which were the Portuguese Fleet bound for Brazil they halled into Port Praya in the Isle of St. Jago to water this night I weighed and stood away at twelve a Clock South-south-west for Port Praya with the Pink in Company I touched at the Isle of May for Salt which I knew would be a great help to get Provisions in the Voyage Saturday October 30. fair wind at North-east and by North a fresh gale This Morning I steered South-west for the South side of St. Jago where is the Road of Port Praya lying near South-west from the Road of the Isle of May and distant nine Leagues This day at 12 a Clock I cast my best Bower-anchor in Port Praya Road in 10 fathom rough Ground the East Point bore East of me and the West Point about West-south-west about half a mile off I could not go into the best of the Road the Portuguese Fleet of about thirty six Sail riding in it the Great Padre Eternel Admiral bound for Brazil is a very great Ship and well built they say she is in Burthen 1700 Tuns she hath Ports for three Tier of Guns flush but now she had but eighty and poorly mann'd with Seamen and so were all the rest six Frigats might have taken most of the Fleet. At my coming in to Anchor the Admiral saluted me with seven Guns I thanked him with as many Captain Francis Wilksheir in the Jerusalem fired five I returned him three so did the Reer-Admiral and I return'd the Complement in the like number several of the Fleet fired three whom I answer'd in conclusion with three for all I rode on the broad side of the Admiral and saluted the Fort with five Guns which return'd three then I sent my Lieutenant ashore to ask leave of the Governour to water which he granted forthwith my Coopers got the Cask ready and this Evening put one boat 's lading aboard Sunday Octobor 31. fair Weather the wind at North-east a fine gale This Morning Don Carolus went ashore to Pryam with much ado I got off a boats lading of Water for the Portuguese boats were filling too and a great many Soldiers at the watering place snatch'd some of our mens Hats off and run away wherefore I would not let my men go any more this day for fear of quarreling This Bay of Port Praya as they call it is no Port but a fine round Bay having high steep Cliffs on the East side and in the bottom a steep Hill where the Castle is that hath but four Guns and is of no force there is a small Fort on the top of a Hill on the East side which hath three Guns On the North-west part of the Bay the shore is gravelly and sandy and there 's a Grove of Coco-nut trees A fresh water Rivulet runs down into the Valley and thence through the Sand soaks into the Sea this Water is in great quantity very good and keeps well at Sea to the west part of this Bay lies a small Island close on the shore which has Grass on it that may be cut off for Cattle which I did this Road is no safeguard for Shipping for a Man of War may take any Ship out of the Bay without receiving any damage from the Forts ashore and with Fire-Ships a whole Fleet may be spoiled at pleasure for it 's a fresh gale every day and there 's but two points of Land by which a man may fetch into any part of the Bay also the Bay lies open to the Sea from the East Southerly to the W. S. W. I called for my Lieutenants and Master and acquainted them that I had Orders to sail from thence to the Coast of America to the Southward of the River of Plate to the streights of Magellan through which we were to pass into the South Seas and that we must shape our Course to make the shortest way of it and be careful to keep Easterly enough of it to weather the shoals of Brazil called the Abroholls lying in and about eighteen degrees of Southerly Latitude for the Wind blows for the most part thereabouts between the Latitude of ten South and the Latitude of twenty South at East by South and East South-east fresh gales whilst this pass'd in came the Master and told me all things were stowed and the Wind at E. b. N. fresh I concluded with him that our best Course at present would be South and by East and as we got Southerly and the Wind grew large we might alter our Course when we would we steered a Point or two from the Wind that the Ship might have fresh way through the Sea I ordered my Master to steer South and by East by the Compass and my Lieutenant to call all hands to Prayer read Service and beg'd of God Almighty a prosperous Voyage continuance in Health and love to one another and that we might prosper in this Vndertaking c. Instructions for Mr. Humphrey Fleming Commander of his Majesty's hired Pink the Batchelour By vertue of an Order from His Royal Highness dated the twenty ninth day of August 1669. to me directed YOU are hereby
and Oyster-shells on the Shore-side and growing in Veins on the Rocks but no Meat in them Wind at West to Night a fresh gale Monday April 18. Wind at South-west a stiff gale Cold Air and some Snow this Morning the Winter is come strong and stormy so that 't will be impossible to hold the Coast into the Streights for the Wind blows altogether from the West or West-southerly and in such Gusts as will force a Ship off the Coast This day I ordered my Purser to serve the Company Brandy-wine for their Allowance at a Quart per Week a Man I got a Boats lading of the Wood of the Country aboard for firing to Night it blew hard at South-west all the Company eat salt Seal and Penguins for their Allowance sweet and very good Meat and keeps well and long in Salt Friday April 22. Wind at South-west a stiff gale and cold Air. This Morning I went ashore on the North-west side with twenty Men to the Salt-pond which is rusted all over like a Pavement with very white and good Salt two Inches thick for two miles long in February here 's Salt enough to fill a thousand Ships we filled two Bags and laid up near two Tuns out of the Water for there was Water over the Salt which began to decay with the Rain and Weather beating on it at Night I returned aboard we brought as much Salt with us as filled a Punchion very good white Stone-salt whiter than French-Salt and of a very pleasant smell I saw some Guianacoes and Ostriches the Hills and Valleys dry Earth and Grass on them on the higher Hills lies Snow no People but many places where they had made fires and lain under a Bush for shelter no Mineral or Metal Tree or Fruit. Wednesday April 27. Close Weather and little Wind a cold Air it freezes hard the Ice bears a Man Thursday April 28. Wind at West and by South a fine gale cold frosty Weather We unrig'd the Ship and made all snug intending to Winter in this Harbour the Ice will not suffer us to pass the Streights the Winds are so stormy and generally out of the Western quarter the Nights so long and cold that the passage is impossible this Winter The Port I found safe to ride in and good refreshment to be had of Fowls as Ducks Peekes and Divers c. In the Spring I may be ready to sail to the Southward when we shall have the year before us and the Sun in the Southern Signs which will give long Days and short Nights and temperate Weather Wind at North-north-east this Evening and Rain it blew a great storm to Night the Boat sunk at the Ship 's stern and lost the Oars less Wind towards Night and veared to the West Friday May 6. Wind at West-north-west a fine gale I went a-shore on the North-west side with thirty Men and travelled seven or eight miles up the Hill saw no People the Land is great Grass-Downs in most places and on the tops of the Hills and in the Ground are very large Oyster-shells they lie in Veins in the Earth and in the firm Rocks and on the sides of Hills in the Country they are the biggest Oyster-shells that ever I saw some six some seven Inches broad yet not one Oyster to be found in the Harbour whence I conclude they were here when the Earth was formed no sign of Mine or Metal no Woods or Tree We found a good Spring of fresh Water up in the Hills it drains into salt Water-swashes We saw several Salt-water Ponds six miles in the Land made by the saltness of the Earth we saw Ostriches Guianacoes and a Fox I made a Fire on the top of the highest Hill but could see no answer I returned aboard with my Company very weary some of my Men fetched Salt to day fair Weather to Night Friday May 13. Indifferent Weather Wind at West-south-west a fine gale This day we fetched Salt a Gentleman of my Company Mr. John Wood walking on the Island of Jusice found three small pieces of Gold Wire in two Muscle-shells which Shells were made together by a green Gut-string the Gold was to the value of two shillings English and had been hammered the wire as big as a great Pin. Monday June 6. Cloudy cold Weather Wind at South-west a fresh gale This day I went a-shore with sixteen Men and travelled ten miles West into the Land the Hills there are covered with Snow 't is very cold we could not go any further for Snow and the Air is so cold that we could not endure to lie on the ground on the Hill that I was on we could see nothing but Hill beyond Hill no Woods nor Trees nor Bushes all grass Downs the Land is flat on the tops of the Hills fresh Water runs down in several places which is melted Snow and when the Water leaves running there 's no Snow I saw many Guianacoes and Ostriches no People or sign of any close by the Water-side we saw many places where they had lain on open Hills in the Snow and some places where they had killed and eat Guianacoes and Ostriches they make but small Fires with little sticks I do not find they roast their flesh at them for we saw some raw Flesh hanging to the Bones which they had gnawed with their Teeth their Fires are only to warm their Children's Fingers as we imagine I gathered some handfuls of Guianacoes Wool that lay here I am persuaded these People must needs see us travelling to and fro every day but won't come near or be seen by us they live like wild Beasts or rather worse for sometimes they must be in great want of Food here 's neither Fruit Root or Herb for it The Land is a dry gravelly Soil with Sand and in many places a Marle two foot below the Surface the Grass which is dry grows in knots not very long but thick in the Valleys the Earth is of a Petery or nitrous Nature Ostriches seen no sign of Metal or Mineral I and my Company have looked in most places where we travelled for it to Night we got down but very weary Tuesday June 7. clse dark Weather Wind at North-east and by East a fair gale a new Moon to day fine Weather to Night but cold the Stars near the Pole Antartick are very visible some of the small Stars in the Constellation of little Hydra are near the Pole Here are many good Stars near the Pole good for Observation of the first and second Magnitude the Star at the South-end of Ariadne the Star at Hydra's Head the Star in the Peacock's eye and the Stars in Tucan's bill and the Stars in Tucan's thigh and back the stars in Grus's head and wing and body but the brightest Stars are the Stars in the former foot of Centaurus and the Crosiers the other Stars are of the third fourth and fifth Magnitude The two Clouds are seen very plainly and a small black Cloud which
was several bags of Skins with red Earth and white Earth and Soot or paint in a Bag this is the Trade they paint themselves with they had Flint-stones and Arrow-heads in the Bundle I searched the Bundle all over to see grains of Gold but could not find any There were Bracelets of Shells and bits of Sticks and braided Thongs and Arrows and Muscle-shells and Armadillo-shells and a small point of a Nail in a stick for a Bodkin Their Skins were pieces of Seal-skins and pieces of Guianaco-skins sewed together with small Guts all very old and full of holes and smelt of grease There were pieces of Flints made fast with a green Gut in the split of a Stick which they hold fast to knock their Arrow-heads into shape There were also pieces of Sticks to get Fire with This was all that was in the Bundle it was made fast with Leather-thongs braided round like Whip-cord and the Dogs were coupled with such strings The Muscle-shells are their Knives I put all things up in the Bag and made it fast Their Dogs are much of the Race of Spanish dogs a good large mungrel Cur but very tame any Man might handle them they were grey in colour and painted red in spots they were very lean there were two grcat Staves of four foot long which was tough Cane in short joints I carried them a-shore next day Tuesday August 30. Foggy close Weather this morning Wind at North. We travelled away West into the Land ten or twenty miles farther The Land all dry with Grass and Bushes in some places like Thorns the Hills high and many and Snow on the tops no Woods nor Trees to be seen Fresh-water comes running out of the Hills in fine Rivulet no Fruit many sedgy Bushes grow on the Brink and brave green Grass and a green Herb of a pretty strong hot taste some Teal in the Water and Water-birds this is all I saw about the Rivulet Many large Ponds in the Country but salt Water in those Ponds we saw Fowls like Herons but all red in the Valleys we saw hundreds of Guianacoes in a company and twenty Ostriches some Heres and some Partridges greyer and bigger than ours some Snipes and small Birds several Penne-wrens we saw several Kites and small Hawks and Owls we caught two Armadilloes I saw two Foxes and a wild Dog and many brant-Geese the Land is in Hills and Valleys as far as we could see and bad travelling on foot the Soil is gravelly and dry sand of a Salt-petre nature the Grass in some places long and dry and in some places short and dry the Hills are rounding aloft like large Downs We red Earth in some places such as the Indians use we saw the Footsteps of people in many places in the Clay and places where they had been and had killed Guianacoes and made a fire there I gathered Guianacoes-Wooll and Ostriches Feathers were scattered about the place and Bones there lay the Skulls of three People no flesh on them they were very clean and no larger than the Skulls of European Men smooth and even Teeth close set one of those Skulls was broken Whether these people be Man-eaters or not I cannot tell I judge they have Wars one with another by reason here are so few People in this great Land and food enough to live on and the Land all clear and good Pasturage for Cattle and no Mountains in all the Land there are Plains and grassy Meadows here wants only Wood to build with it that were here it would be as good a Land as any part of America for the Counrry is very healthy This Afternoon it rained and was very thick and foggy so as we could not tell which way to go although we had a Compass with us for there is no going into the Land without one because a Man will mistake his way the Country is so open in great Plains and Downs We were very much wet and cold We got to Bushes and there made a Fire and dried our selves we stayed here all Night we neither heard nor saw any thing to Night Tuesday September 1. 1670. Close hasey Weather the Wind at North a small gale so as I could not Sail this day we tried for Fish but caught none the Water is so cold I was on the Land when I was at the farthest twenty five miles West-north-west from the Harbour-mouth and all things as I saw I have mentioned excepting some small Creatures like Efts which run in the Grass no manner of Snake or venomous Creature have I seen in this Country here are some Earth-worms and Caterpillers and other Buggs but few in number no wild Beast of prey or any other thing to annoy the Inhabitants but Cold and Hunger Here lies a large Country open to receive any Inhabitants from forein Parts and large enough to satisfie the Undertakers The Land would produce European Grain if planted here and breed Cattle September 16. I considering my Men being very weak thought it most fit to go for Port Desier and there to refresh the Men for I knowing there I could have what Penguins and Seals I would have which are good Provisions also I do intend to salt up a quantity of each to carry to Sea with me to lengthen out my Provisions This Forenoon I steered from St. Julian North-north-east and made what Sail I could to get to Pert Desier This Night it was a small gale and veered to the West-south-west I judge it best to make my easie Sail in the Night for fear of running up with the Eady Stone-Rocks before day-light Wednesday September 21. Fair Weather to day the Wind veerable round the Compass This Morning I had both the Boats leden with Seals and Penguins and Penguin-eggs ten Men may kill ten thousand Penguins in less than an hours time the Seals and Penguins are numberless a Man cannot pass on the Island for them This Evening I got on board and landed our lading ashore fair Weather to Night The Eggs are very good Nourishment and the Fat serves for Oil to the Lamps Thursday September 22. Fair Weather Wind at West This day I divided the Eggs amongst the Men we skinned the Seals and the Penguins and salted the Flesh in bulk on the Rock and covered it to keep the Wind from it good Weather and little Wind to Night Friday September 30. The Wind at North this Morning this forenoon it came to the South-east and blew hard and rained This day I went up the River about ten miles and Don Carolus with me and ten Men to see for People we lay out all Night on the South-side but saw no People this Night the people of the Country came to our little Well which is up in the Valley and stole an Iron Pot and three suits of Cloaths of the Mens that were laid there a drying with some other Linnen but did not meddle with the Beads which are hung up on a Pole on the Hills and they will
this Low-land In this Valley there runs a fresh Water-River I went it with my Boat It is but shallow at low Water hardly Water enough for my Boat Here I saw several Arbors of the Indians making but no People This River is a very convenient place to lay Shallops or such like small Vessels in it they may go into it at high Water for the Tide riseth here eight or nine feet this River I called by the name of Batchelor's River Before the mouth of this River in the Streights there is good anchoring in nine or ten or twelve Fathom Water sandy Ground a fair birth off the Shore the Tide runs but ordinary and the Floud-tide comes from the Westward and the Tide that comes out of St. Jerom's Channel makes a ripling with the Tide that comes along the stream of the Streight I called this Road that is before Batchelor's-River York-Road This is a good place to ride in with Westerly Winds for here cannot go any great Sea neither shall a Man be embayed that if a Cable give way he may have the Streight open to carry it away for the Westerly Winds are the greatest Winds that blow here by the Trees for they all stoop to these Winds and lean to the Easterward and the West-side of all the Trees that stand open are made flat with the Winds the tops of the Mountains look to the Eastward the Easterly Winds seldom blow strong here as to what I have observed By the Shore-side which lies open to the East the Grass grows down to the Water-side and they are the greener Shores and the Trees are streight and tall on the East-side of the Hills but on the West-shores the Grass and Trees are much weather-beaten worn away and crippled and the Shore-sides much tewed with the surge of the Waters At Cape Quad the Lands shut one with the other as if there were no farther passage but as you make nearer to it you will see the opening more and more as the Streight rounds there more to the Northward again Cape Quad is on the North-shore and it is a steep up Cape of a rocky greyish Face of a good height before one comes at it it shews like a great building of a Castle for it points off with a Race from the other Mountains so much into the Channel of the Streight that it makes shutting in against the South-land and maketh an Elbow in the Streight the Streight is not past four miles broad here from shore to shore and the Land is steep too on both sides and rocky the Mountains high on both Shores and craggy barren Rocks some Trees and Bushes growing here and much Snow on the Mountains on both sides Opposite to Cape Quad on the South-side there is a fine large Bay which is called Rider's Bay I did not go into it if there be Anchoring in it it is a fair Road for any Winds the Water is very deep here in the Channel no Ground at one hundred Fathom this part of the Streights from Point Passage to Cape Quad is the most crooked part of all the Streight therefore I called this Crooked-Reach Here are two small Islands in the North-shore to the Eastward of Cape Quad. November 14. This Morning I was a-brest of Cape-Munday so I called it it being a Cape on the South-side and is distant from Cape de Quad about thirteen Leagues the Streight here is about four miles broad and the North-shore makes into the Land with great sounds and broken Islands the Land on both Shores is high rocky Hills and barren very little Wood or Grass growing on them Here at Cape Munday the Streight grows broader and broader to the Westward but keeps all one Course North-west and by West to Cape Upright which is a steep upright Cliff on the South-side and it is distant from Cape Munday four Leagues Here the Streight inclines to the Westward near half-a Point the Streight lies from Cape Munday West-north-west half a Point Northerly right out into the South-Sea if you be in the middle of the Channel or nigh the North-shore I find little or no Tide to run here or Current no Ground in the Channel at two hundred Fathom a Musket shot off the Shore on either side Here run into the South-shore many Sounds and Coves I have sailed fair along by the South-shore all this day for the North-shore makes in broken Islands and Sounds Here lie all along the South-shore several small Islands but no danger for they are all steep too the Streight is a very fair Channel to sail throughout This day at Noon I was a-breast of an Island which lies on the North-side of the Streight I called it Westminster-Island there lie a great many Islands between that and the North-shore and to the Eastward and Westward as also some broken Ground and Rocks lie about it These Islands I called The Lawyers and this I sland which I called Westminster-Island is an high rocky Island shewing like Westminster-Hall the Streight is five Leagues broad between Westminster-Island and the South-shore but between that and the North-shore there are many rocky Islands and broken Ground The Streight lies from Cape Munday to Cape Desseada West-north-west and East-south-east half a point Northerly and half a point Southerly nearest and they are distant from one another near fifteen Leagues from Cape Quad to Cape Desseada it is about twenty eight Leagues and the Streight lies near North-west and by West from Cape Quad into the South-Sea and near in one Reach which I called Long-Reach and some of my Company called it Long-Lane This part may properly be called the Streights for it is high Land all the way on both Shores and barren Rocks with Snow on them and indeed from Cape Quad into the South-Sea I called this Land South-Desolation it being so desolate Land to behold Cape Desseada lies in the Latitude of 53 d. 10 m. South In Longitude West from the Lizard of England 72 d. 56 m. And in Meridian distance 1149. The Compass hath 14 d. 10 m. Variation Easterly here Cape Piller lies in the Latitude of 53 d. 5 m. In Longitude West from the Lizard of England 72 d. 49 m. And in Meridian distance 1148. Leagues West I make the whole length of the Streights of Magellan from Cape Virgin-Mary to Cape Desseada with every Reach and turning to be one hundred and sixteen Leagues and so much I sailed from the one Sea to the other according to my estimation The best Land-fall in my Opinion is to make the face of Cape Desseada for to come out of the South-Sea to go into the Streight of Magellan they lie in East and West at the first till you come a-brest of Cape-Pillar then the Course is South-east and by East nearest Be careful to keep the South-shore in fair view for the North-shore is broken Islands and Sounds that a Man may mistake the right Channel or Streight and steer up into one of them
as he comes out from the South-Sea if he lose sight of the South-shore Here lie four small Islands at the North part of the mouth of the Streight in the South-Sea they lie pretty near together the Eastermost stands singly by it self and is round copling up of a fair height like an Hay-cock or Sugar-loaf the other three are flattish they lie from Cape-pillar North-north-west by the true Compass 6 Legues off they are distant from Cape-Victory near four Leagues South-west I called them The Islands of Direction they are good wishing to fall with the Mouth of the Streight November 26. The Land makes in Islands lying near the main Land is high and large Hills In-land which stretch North and South some Snow lying on the tops of the highest Hill At eight of the Clock I made the Island of Nuestra Sennora del Socoro in the Spanish Tongue it is called The Island of our Lady of Sucore I steered with it North-east and by East it made rounding up at the Eastermost end and lower in the middle that at either end it maketh with a ridge running from one end to the other and Trees growing on it the Shore-side is rocky on the South-side of the Island and some broken Rocks lie near the Shore-side and on the South-east end of the Island there stand two peaked copling Rocks close to the Shore they are white on the top with Fowls dung The Island is of a fine heighth and all woody on the North-side of it the Trees grow down to the Water-side and fresh Water runs down in five or six Gullies the Woods are all green and very thick spicy Trees Meridian distance at Noon from Cape-pillar East 20 d. â— m 4 ten Longitude at Noon from Cape-pillar East 1 d 19 m. Longitude at Noon from the Lizard West 71 d. 42 m. Meridian distance at Noon from the Lizard West 1128 leag 2 mil. 9 ten The Island Nuestra Senore di Socoro lies in the Latitude of forty five degrees South and in Longitude East from Cape-pillar one degree nineteen minutes Meridian distance from Cape-pillar East 20 leag 0 min. 4 ten Meridian distance from the Lizard West 1128 deg 2 min. 42 min. Longitude from the Meridian of the Lizard West 71 deg 9 ten The Compass hath eleven Degrees Variation Easterly here I went a-shore with my Boats for fresh Water which I had them laden with presently for here is fresh Water enough and very good I searched the Shore what I could I saw on old Hutt or Arbour of the Indians making and several sticks that were cut but all old done I could not see any sign of People on the Island now I believe the People come rambling to this Island from the Main in the best season of the Year to get young Fowls for I do not see any thing else in the Island for the sustenance of Mans Life I could not see any kind of Mineral or Metal the Soil is a sandy black Earth and some Banks of Rocks the Island is irregular and grown all over with impenetrable thick Woods so as I could not see the inward part of it the Woods are ordinary Timber none that I saw was fit to make Planks of the nature of the Wood is much like Beech and Birch and a sort of heavy Wood good for little but the fire it is white no Fruit or Herbs very little Grass the Woods are so thick much kind of long sedgy Grass no wild Beast to be seen several small Birds in the Woods like Sparrows there are several Fowls like Kites in the Woods several black and white brant-Geese and pied Shags and other such Sea-Fowls as Pinks and Sea-mews what else the Island affords I cannot tell I made a Fire on the Shore in hopes to have some answer of it on the Main but had not At Noon I went aboard and sent my Boats a-shore again for more Wood and Water whilst the Weather permitted landing November 30. This Forenoon I was over on the main side the Ship lay off and in I went ashore with my Boat on an Island which lieth adjacent to the Main There runs a Channel between that and the Main and many Rocks lie in it and foul Ground so as I durst not venture the Ship in it This Island shewed as if it had been the Main till I went to it with the Boat being about four Leagues long from the North-point to the South-point and in some places a League broad The Island is of a mean height and in some places two Leagues broad and grown all over with Woods very thick the Timber is such like as is on the Isle of Socoro I could not see any kind of Mineral or Metal in it the Shore-side sandy in many places and rocky in others the Earth on this Island is of a sandy black soil but very wet with the continual Rains that are here Not finding this noted in my Draughts I called it after my own Name Narbrough's-Island I took possesion of it for his Majesty and his Heirs I could not see any People or any sign of them here South-east from Narbrough's-Island on the Main distant about three Leagues there runs into the Land a River or Sound and some broken ground lies before it The Shore-side is rocky and the Hills are high in the Land on both sides of it this opening lies in East and West I take it for that place which in the Draughts is called Saint Domingo This place lies in the Latitude of forty four Degrees fifty Minutes South and more to the Southward thereof lie many round coplin high Islands grown over with Woods all along the Coasts as far as I could see there lie Islands adjacent to the Main and they are of a great height This Day all the Bread in the Ship is expended all the Company of the Ship my self as well as any other eat Pease in lieu of Bread my Company are all indifferent well in health I thank God for it being seventy two in Company no Fish to be taken with Hooks many Porpusses seen and some Whales several Sea-Fowls seen swimming to day much Wind to Night at North-west I ride fast but doubtful of my Cable No-Man's Island lies in the Latitude of forty three Degrees forty seven Minutes South and in Longitude West from the Lizard in England seventy one Degrees thirty two Minutes And in Meridian distance from the Lizard of England one thousand one hundred and twenty six Leagues and one Mile and in Meridian distance from Cape-pillar East twenty two Leagues two Miles and two tenths and in Longitude East from Cape-pillar one degree twenty nine minutes 1 10. The variation of the Compass is ten Degrees Easterly here This Island is that which the Draughts make to lie at the South-end of the Island of Castro at the Mouth of the going in of that Channel which is between Castro and the Main the Draughts are false in laying down of this Coast for they
do not make any mention of the several Islands that lie on it but lay it down all along to be a streight Coast the Latitude of most places are laid down very near as what I have found Here are many Islands adjacent on the Coasts more Southerly in the Latitude of forty five and an half but none are laid down December 15. Don Carlos was put a-shore and carried with him a Sword and a Case of Pistols and his best Apparel and a Bag with his Beads and Knives together with Scissars Looking-glasses Combs Rings Pipes Jews-harps Bells and Tobacco all which things he had of me to give to the Natives At seven of the Clock Signior Carlos was set a-shore on the South-side of the Harbour of Baldavia without the Mouth of it a Mile in a small sandy Bay about two miles within Point Gallere between the Point and the Mouth of the Harbour When he was a-shore he took his leave of my Lieutenant and bad him go aboard and look out for his Fire in the Night He went from the Boat along the Sea-side in the path toward the Harbour's Mouth the Men in the Boat saw him go along for the distance of quarter of a Mile till he turned behind a point of Rocks out of sight The Shore-side is low and sandy and some scattered Rocks lie in it the Land riseth trenting to large Hills the land is all woody and very thick that there is travelling but by the Water-side My Lieutenant went ashore to the edg of the Woods and gathered several green Apples off the Trees for there grow Apple-trees on the Shore-side much like our European Winter-Fruit the Apples are bigger than Walnuts with their shells on whether these Trees were planted by the Spaniards or grow naturally in the Country I cannot tell I do not find any Current or Tide to set on this Coast that is any way prejudicial to Navigation neither do I find the Winds to blow Trade but they are veerable and are given to blow hard on the Western Quarter and rain much The Mouth of the Harbour of Baldevia on the Coast of Chile in the South-Sea lieth in the Latitude of 39 d. 56 m. South And in Longitude West from the Lizard of England 70 d. 19 m. And in Longitude East from Cape-pillar 2 d. 41 m. And in Meridian distance from Cape-pillar East 41 leag 2 mil. â— 10. the Account I make by my sailing from the Meridian of the Lizard according to my daily Account of my Ships way I do not make any Account of plain Sailing to be fit for Seamen to observe but the best Navigation is by Mercator sailing according to the Circle of the Globe which I ever sailed by and keep my Account of Easting and Westing by Longitude which is the best and most certain Sailing to give the true description of the Globe I have noted down the Meridian distance I made daily whereby sush Navigators and Seamen as know better may have that to give them the knowledge of the distances of Places according to their Understanding Most of our Navigators in this Age sail by the Plain Chart and keep their Accounts of the Ships way accordingly although they sail near the Poles which is the greatest Errour that can be committed for they cannot tell how to find the way home again by reason of their mistake as I have some in the Ship with me now that are in the same Errour for want of Understanding the true difference of the Meridians according to their Miles of Longitude in the several Latitudes I could with all Seamen would give over sailing by the false plain Card and sail by Mercator's Chart which is according to the truth of Navigation But it is an hard matter to convince any of the old Navigators from their Method of sailing by the Plain Chart shew most of them the Globe yet they will walk in their wonted Road. At eight of the Clock in the Forenoon my Boat put from me and rowed to the Shore with in point Gallery to the place where Don Carlos was landed I laid off and on with the Ship before the Port the Boat rowed all along the Shore by the place where Don Carlos was landed and along the Shore into the Harbour at the Points on the South-side of the Harbour stands a small Fort of seven Guns called S. James's Fort My Boat came suddenly on it and before they perceived it to be a Fort they were within shot of it The Spaniards stood on the Shore and wasted with a white Flag and called to them My Lieutenant rowed to them and asked of them what Country they were they answered of Spain They asked my Lieutenant of what Country he was He answered of England they asked him to come a-shore whch he did in hopes to have seen Don Carlos there for that path that Don Carlos went in when he was landed led directly to this Fort by the Sea-side and it was not a Mile from the Fort to the place where he was landed so as he must go to this Fort and be upon it before he was aware of it unless he knew it before The path went all along between the Woods and the Sea In the Woods there is no travelling they are so thick and grow on the side of an Hill the Fort stands just by the Wood-side on a race of the Bank of five yards ascent from the Sea with a bank of Earth cast up before the Ordnance and flight Pallisadoes plac'd in an Half-moon four yards distant from the Guns to the Southward which Pallisadoes are to keep the Natives from running violently on the Ordnance so these Spaniards guard themselves with long Lances against the Natives in the Fort. The Spaniards have Match-lock Musquetoons but they are very ordinary ones and they are as silly in using them At my Lieutenants landing about twenty Spaniards and Indians came to the Water-side in Arms and received him and his Company a-shore and carried him some twenty yards from the Water-side up the race of the Bank under a great Tree where the Captain of the Fort and two other Spanish Gentlemen received him under the shade with great Courtesie after the Spaniards Ceremony they sat them on Chairs and Benches placed about a Table under the shade for the Sun shone very warm it being a very fair Day The Spanish Captain called for Wine which was brought to him in a great Silver Bowl He drank to my Lieutenant and bid him welcome a-shore and caused five of his Ordnance to be fired being glad to see English Men in this place and told him that this was Baldavia speaking very kindly and how welcome they were to him After every one had drank and my Lieutenant had thanked him for his Entertainment he desired my Gentlemen to sit down and he discoursed with them and asked from whence they came and what way they came into this Sea and what their Captains Name was and if there were
bad them acquaint the Indians of the Mountains or In-lands that I came to speak with them and that I was their Friend and would give them many Hatchets and Knives and Swords c. if they would come to me and that I came purposely to speak with them and that my Master the Great King of England hath sent them many things and would willingly see them After these People had heard all that I said to them they sat for a time mute and considering of the Kindnesses they received from me and my Company and that they must go a-shore again under the Command of the cruel Spaniards they weeped extreamly and uttered these words Numbra Spanalos muccho Deablo c. In English it is The Spanish men are much Devils c. I verily believe that these poor innocent Creatures speak truth for they are great Devils in abusing these poor Souls so unmercifully as they do In sight of my Men the Spaniards with a great Staff would strike an Indian on the Head as he talked with him and beat him all along for no cause at all but this they do to shew their Greatness and Imperiousness The best Name the Spaniards can afford to call an Indian by is Dog and Devil and such like Names These Indians say that there is much Gold in the Land and that the Spaniards have much Oro I gave to each of these Indians a Knife and a small Looking-glass and some Beads they were very thankful and I put them in mind again to speak to the Indians of the In-land that I would give them Knives and Glasses if they would come to me I was in great hopes all this time that I should have the opportunity to speak with my Golden Friends by the means of these People for they seemed to be glad of the Message or of the things which I gave them to do it These People are of a middle stature strongly set and well-fleshed they are tawny coloured and have long black flaggy Hair their Features tolerable of a somewhat melancholy Countenance they are very active in Body and hardy in enduring of Weather or Diet They wear small Caps on their Heads like to Mounteers and their Garment is a long Mantle but most of their Garments are a square piece of Wollen Cloth like a Carpet of their own weaving of the Wool of Guianacoes they cut an hole in the middle of this Carpet through which they put their Head and it hangs upon their Shoulders and covers their whole Bodies like a Cloak when it is buttoned down before Some have these Cloaks so long as it reacheth down to their middle Leg and some to the Knee some wear half-Stockings on their Legs but no Shoes nor Shirts some have Breeches after the Spanish Fashion but close to their Thighs and Knees A NOTE which I sent to Lieutenant Armiger enclosed in a Letter LIeutenant take what notice you can of the Fortificatin of the Fort and what strength they have of People in it and whether they are able to withstand a Ship and what quantity of Provisions they have in it and whether Don Carlos be there send me an Account thereof by John Wilkins I will use all endeavours to have you off when I understand the strength of the place I remain your loving Friend John Narbrough Burn all the Letters you receive from me and in case of Examination December 18. 1670. This Evening I took the Suns Amplitude with my Compass and I had a good Observation I find the variation of the Compass to be eight Degrees ten Minutes Easterly I do much reason with my self as to the Variation that it differs so much in the same Latitude between the East and West-side of the Land of America for on the East-side as I sailed in the Latitude of forty Degrees I found the Compass to have twenty Degrees variation Easterly by several good Observations which I took with the same Instrument as I now do use which is a large Azimuth Compass and here I find but eight Degrees and ten Minutes variation and it is but eight Degrees of Longitude more Westerly in the same Parallel differing between these Observations and the difference of Variation I find the Land to be but one hundred and twenty five Leagues broad from the East-side to the West-side in the Latitude of forty Degrees South of the Equinoctial certainly the attractive quality of the Magnet must be very powerful in the Eastern part of the Land more than in the Western which causeth the difference yet I admire being on both sides of the Land the Compass should always have the same variation Easterly I was of the Opinion that the variation would have been Westerly on the West-side it being Easterly on the East-side but I find the contrary by experience therefore I believe that the attractive quality is not much in this part of America but in some other part more to the Eastward than I was for if the attractive quality had been in this Land and I sailing on both sides of it the variation must have been Easterly on the one side and Westerly on the other This Discourse I leave to a better Understanding for I am not as yet satisfied what occasioneth the variation and the great difference of it although I have been on several Voyages and have made great benefit of the Understanding of the variation of the Compass in directing of the true Course c. In the Port of Baldavia there are three fair Rivers which come out of the Country and empty themselves into the Port with a brisk stream of fresh Water which causeth the stream always to set out of the Harbour and the Waters to be fresh just within the Harbours-mouth one River runs up into the South-east part of the Harbour into the Country another River runs into the Country to the Eastward on the back-side of St. Peter's Fort the third River runs into the Country about the North-point of the Harbours-mouth between the point and the North-end of St. Peter's Island it runs up in the North-Eastward and nine or ten Mills stand upon the River from the Harbours-mouth The City of Baldavia is situated on the Bank of the River as the Spaniards tell me I judge this City of Baldavia is but a small place and kept only as a Garrison and a place for Trade with the Indians for Gold Bezoar-stones Guianacoes-Wooll c. The Spaniards that were aboard and the Indians said that there were but five great Guns in it and three hundred Men. I know that they speak of the most of every thing in the matters as concerning their strength and number of Men. I believe that these Rivers may run into the Country a long way and the Spaniards to have but little knowledge in the inward parts of this Country for the Indians will not suffer the Spaniards to search into the In-lands I believe also that these Rivers are not Navigable for Shipping for
Kent Hugh Cooe Trumpeter aged twenty eight Years and born in Wappen Thomas Highway Linguist aged thirty five Years and born in Barbary of Moorish Parents He turned Christian and lived in London This Thomas Highway is a Tawny-Moor he speaks the Spanish Tongue very clear for he had lived formerly at Cadiz with an English Merchant All these four were very healthy sound Men and of good Presence and Spirit which gives me great hopes that they will live to give an Account of that Country and of their Travels Cape-Gallery which is the outermost Point on the South-side of the Harbour of Baldavia lieth in the Latitude of thirty nine Degrees fifty seven Minutes South of Equinoctial as also in Longitude to the Westward of the Meridian of the Lizard of England seventy Degrees twenty Minutes according to my Account and in Meridian distance one thousand one hundred and eight Leagues West and in Longitude East from the West-mouth of Magellan Streights and Cape-Pillar two Degrees and forty Minutes and in Meridian distance 42 Leagues nearest according to my reckoning Thursday December 22. This Morning it prov'd very fair Weather at Day-light the Wind was at South-west a fresh gale the Sea indifferent smooth I plied to the Windward along the Coasts and was about three Leagues off the Shore somewhat to the Southward of Cape-Gallery out of sight of the People of Baldavia for the Cape was shut in with the Land to the Northward of the Harbour At twelve of the Clock I had a good Observation of the Sun with my Quadrant and I found my self in the Latitude of 40 degrees 3 minutes South I was then three Leagues off the Shore and could not get ground at eighty Fathom I was to the Southward of Baldivia Harbour December 31. This afternoon it blew hard at N. W. and rained I steered South-west and by South by my Compass this Afternoon and to Night Here are several sorts of Porpus Fishes in these Seas unlike ours in Europe some pied white and black and some grey and large ones Rainy Weather to Night and no Observation to be made of the Shore January Anno. Dom. 1670-71 Sunday January 1. Raw cold cloudy Weather Rain and some Hail the Wind at N. W. a stout gale and a great Sea I was much afraid that I should lose my Main-mast it fetched such way and broke the spikes that fastned the Fetches with working I steered S. S. W. to ease the Ship from rolling what I could After several Courses made from Saturday Noon till to day Noon I make the true Course to be South 39 d. 00 m. Westerly and distance sailed 105 Miles and departure West 66 Miles and difference of Longitude 101 d. 37 m. 4 tenths difference of Latitude 1 d. 22 m. 3 tenths Latitude by Account 47 d. 47 m. South Wednesday January 4. Indifferent fair Weather the Wind at North-west and sometimes at W. N. W. a fine gale I kept on my Course South Some Porpus Fishes seen to day and some Whales and Sea-Fowl many little Peterels This Morning I took the Suns Amplitude and I find the Compass to have 10 Degrees 28 Minutes variation Easterly My Course made true from Tuesday Noon till to day Noon is South distance sailed 84 Miles and the difference of Latitude is 1 d. 24 m. 8 tent Lat. by good Observation of the Sun on the Meridian 51 d. 31 m. South Meridian distance from Point-Gallery West 70 leag 1 mil. 5 ten Longitude at Noon from Point-Gallery West 4 d. 48 m. 4 ten Longitude at Noon from the Lizard West 75 d. 8 m. 4 ten Meridian distance from the Lizard West 1178 Leagues 1 Mile 5 Tenths Friday January 6. Hasey foggy Weather this Morning the Wind at W. S. W. a stout gale I steered in for to make the four Islands which I called the Isles of Direction or to make Cape Desiade My Course was E. N. E. by my Compass the Nights being but short and light for the Moon was at the full so that I could see at some time clear a League before us At four of the Clock this Morning it being fair day-light I caused the Lead to be cast forth but could not get ground at eighty Fathom I reckon my self about ten Leagues from Cape Desiade and on the Latitude of 52 d. 53 m. South A little past four of the Clock it cleared up on the East Horizon we looked well abroad and saw the four Isles called The Directions which lie at the Mouth of the Streights N. N. W. from Cape Desiade distance from thence abought eight Leagues These Islands made in four Hommaccoes like Hay-cocks when I saw them they bear N. E. of me distant about four Leagues they lie in the Latitude of 52 d. 42 m. and at five of the Clock the Islands bore North of me distant three Leagues off I sounded but could not get ground at 70 Fathoms I saw Cape Desiade it cleared up for the Fog was much on the Hills the Cape was E. S. E. of me distant near eight Leagues the tops of the ragged Hills or rocky Spires were clouded with the flying Fog so as I could not see the Cape sooner for in clear Weather the Land at Cape-pillar and Cape Desiade may be seen fifteen or sixteen Leagues it is so high and ragged I steered by Cape-pillar East and by South the Wind at West-south-west a fresh gale a great humming Sea ran here which came out of the South-west I saw the Sea break upon broken ground which lieth at least four Leagues from the point of Cape Desiade West into the Sea and many Rocks that were sunk and prints of Rocks above Water which the Sea breaketh terribly these lie off Cape Desiade about two Leagues and a League and some not half a Mile off very dangerous As I came nearer the Streights-mouth I raised the Land on the North-side by Cape Victory and the broken Islands within the Streights which I called Westminster Isle and the Lodgers Isle they make ragged in Hillocks at the first sight At nine of the Clock Cape-pillar bore South of me being distant about a Mile and an half from me No Tide or Current as I could perceive set either in or out of the Streights so as to prejudice Navigation The difference of Longitude East is 1 d. 39 m. 4 tenths the Latitude by my Account now is but 52 d. 51 m. South but formerly my Account of the Latitude of this place was South 52 d. 58 m. Meridian distance at 9 of the Clock from Point Gallery West 35 leag 00 mil. 2 10. Longitude at 9 of the Clock from Point Gallery West 2 deg 43 min. â— Longitude at 9 of the Clock from the Lizard West 73 d. 3 m. â— Meridian distance at 9 of the Clock from the Lizard West 1153 leag 00 mil. 2 10. I find but very little Tide or Current in this Sea of Mare del Zur for I am but 3 Minutes of Longitude out of my Account in
sailing between Cape-gallery and Cape-pillar forwards and backwards At any time if you have a desire to enter the Streights of Magellan at the West-mouth it will be safest in my Opinion to bear in for the Land in the Latitude of 52 Degrees and 50 Minutes South and then you will see the four Isles of Direction which lie before the Mouth of the Streights somewhat toward the North-side they lie North-north-west from Cape-pillar near eight Leagues distant These Islands may be known for there are but four of them and they be but of an indifferent height and but small and bare irregular Rocks and they be near together the Eastermost Isle is near a Mile distant from the other three and it is peeked up like a Sugar-loaf the Sea breaks much on these Isles with Westerly Winds c. Cape-pillar is the steep Point of Rocks on the South-side of the Streights-mouth at the entring into the Streights Cape Desiade is the Westerly Point for it falleth off from Cape-pillar near South-west and they are distant about two Leagues one from another which is the Face of the Lands between these two Capes for at the Point of Cape Desiade the Land on the South-side of the Cape trents off to the South-south-eastward all high ragged rocky Mountains what I saw of it at the pitch of Cape Desiade there lie many shatter'd Rocks which are above Water and shew like the Ruins of old Houses and there are ledges of Rocks that are sunk which lie near four Leagues off of the Cape West the Sea breaks much on them and they are dangerous they lie in the Latitude of 53 d. 10 m. South by my reckoning I called these Rocks The Judges they are near ten Leagues distant South and by West from the Isles of Direction so broad is the first opening of the Streights for when you can but once see the Land to make it there is no danger but a Stranger that should pass out of the South-sea and had not passed the Streights before will find it very difficult to pass the Streights from the West to the East for at the first entring into it out of the South-sea as we call it there are many Openings and Sounds on the North-side which seem fairer for a passage than the Streight it self doth therefore it is best to keep the South-side far aboard all along from Cape-pillar which is the point at the Entrance the Course will be East and by South for a Mile or two and then East-south-east and South-east and by East so the Channel lieth to Cape Quade The North-side of the Streights from Cape Victory all along to the Eastward to Cape Froward is all a ragged rocky mountainous desolate Country many high rocky Islands and small Rocks and sucking Rocks lie on the North-side of the Streights at coming out of Mare del Zur fifteen Leagues in distance into the Streights to the Eastward There also run great Sounds and Waters into the north-North-Land which shew like a passage more than the Streights doth There is no safety for a Ship to keep the North-shore aboard in this part for here lie so many Islands and Rocks so that if the Weather prove foggy and thick a Man may mistake the right Channel and steer in among the broken Islands and Rocks so far as to endanger his Ship if the Wind be Westerly and it is for the most part of the Winter there very thick and foggy Here are many Sounds and Coves on the North-side between Cape-Victory and Cape Quad but how far they run into the Land I know not I wanted a Sloop or some other small Vessel to discover those Sounds and many other places in the Streights which I would gladly have seen January 6. In Tuesday-bay and Island-bay there grow thick shrubby Bushes on the lower Land which have many Berries like Hurts growing on them these Bushes grow in a mossy loose Earth which lieth four or five Feet thick on the Rock these Bushes will serve for Fuel there grows also long sedgy Grass very thick many Geese and Ducks do make their Nests and breed in it and other Sea-Fowl here are Ducks white and pied brant-Geese grey Gulls Sea-Mews Sea-Divers and Penguins on the Water I could not see any People now but some have been there for I saw where they had made Fires and an Arbour Here are Muscles and Limpets on the Rocks but as for other Fishes I saw none I rowed two Miles up the Sound and could have gone farther but it rained so much and blew so hard as I durst not be absent from the Ship the Water is mighty deep in the Sound At night I got aboard my Seamen were joyful to see me for they were afraid that the Ship would have broke loose in the time of my absence Much Rain to Night and Fogs the Wind at West-south-west a short gale at Night I rode fast on the smooth Water having the Point on the North-west of me Here is a great deal of fresh Water comes running in streams down the sides of the bare rocky Mountains into the salt Water many Whales spouting to and fro in these Bays and Sounds and some Seals on the Rocks this part is very desolate and a mere Chaos c. At eight of the Clock this Evening I anchored before the place called Batchelors River in nine Fathom Water clear sandy Ground two Cables length from the shore Here is very good clear sandy-ground before the River and good Anchoring in six or seven or eight or nine or ten or eleven Fathom a fine barth of shore and good Riding with Westerly Winds and Northerly the worst Wind is a South-Wind for it blows right on in this Reach but there cannot go much Sea here for the Streight in this Reach is but two Leagues broad This Batchelors River is near five Leagues to the Eastward of Cape Quade and two Leagues to the Eastward of St. Jerom's Channel on the North-side of it the Tide runs of an indifferent strength in this place both Ebb and Flood it sets in and out of St. Jerom's Channel rising and falling about eight or nine Feet perpendicular here is not above ten Foot Water at a High-water at the going in of Batchelor's River This River is a good Harbour for Barks and Sloops or the like This River lieth in a Valley and a fine Grove of green Trees grows on the West Point At the entrance here is very good fresh Water and a good place to Wood at The Indian People or Natives frequent this place often for here are many Arbours which are their Houses Calm Weather to Night and Foggy I rode fast the Ship being moored Sunday January 8. Calm Weather and a fine warm Sun-shine This Morning at Day-light I went in my Boat with twenty Men into Batchelor's River and rowed four Miles up the Creek or River which was as far as the Boat could go the Water being high the River ends in a small Creek coming
out of a Lake of fresh Water in a Valley amongst the Hills we made the Boat fast and marched all into the Land five or six Miles being stop'd from going further by Hills rising very steep and Mountains and impenetrable Woods we made several Fires but could not see any sign of them so far in the Land No Beast or other Creature to be seen many small streams of fresh Water come running from the snowy Mountains with great Falls from the steep Rocks we looked in many places of the Earth and in the streams of Water for Gold c. but found none nor any other Metal of Mineral Here grow on the Bushes many small red Berries much like Hurts very good to eat the Grass-Land is very loose and Boggy the Rocks are a kind of white Marble the Trees like those at Port Famen here are small Pepper-trees To Night I got on Board Calm Weather I rode fast with the Ship Here ends Sir John Narbrough's Manuscript Journal which we shall continue home to England from the MS Diary taken by Sir John's ingenious Lieutenant Nathaniel Pecket Wednesday January 11. Fair Weather Wind variable from South-east to South-west This Morning we made the best of our way to get into Port Famen Here we had Fishes from the Shore to Fish our Main-mast At twelve a Clock we Anchored in nine Fathom Waaer This place afforded what we wanted as very good large Trees for Fishes good Water good wild Fowl good fish like Mullets and large Smelts here we fitted our Ships Masts and Rigging as well as we could Careen'd her and filled our Casks with good fresh Water and took as much Wood aboard as we thought fit January 16. Fair Weather and little Wind Westerly This Morning the Lieutenant was ordered to go up with the Boat in Segars River as high as he could with convenience and to see for Indians He went up about nine Miles but could nor get higher with the Boat by reason of the Trunk-timber and shoaliness in the Water So I landed and went up two Miles by Land to see for Indians but I could not see any not any thing worth the Observation How far the River runs up I know not for I saw not the end of it so I returned a-board again January 29. Fair Weather and little Wind at South-west This Morning the Captain went over with the Pinnace to the South-shore to see for Indians and if there were and Harbour for Shipping short of Port Famen This day came an Indian to the Point of Port Famen and made a Fire and I went a-shore to see what he had but he had neither Bow nor Arrow nor any thing else to the value of the Farthing I would have had him come a-board with me but he would not as far as I understood by the Signs he made to me he had been a slave to some other Indians and had run away from them and was travelling home Tuesday January 31. Fair Weather Wind variable This Evening the Captain came a-board again having been over on the South-shore to see for an Harbour but could find none nor see any Indians Saturday February 4. Fair Weather Wind at West by North. This Morning at four a Clock we set Sail for Port Famen and at eleven a Clock we were short of Fresh-water Bay and at six a Clock in the Evening we Anchored in twelve Fathom Water in a fine sandy Bay about four Leagues to the Northward of Freshwater Bay February 5. Fair Weather but very much Wind at South-west and West-south-west This Morning the Captain sent me to Freshwater Bay to see for Indians but I saw none there so I returned again aboard February 7. Fair Weather Wind Northerly This Morning the Captain ordered me to take the Pinnace and to go along the North-shore and between Elizabeth's Island and the Shore to see for Indians In the Afternoon it blew hard Northerly that we could not row a head so I put back into a sandy Bay and went a-shore and stayed there all Night and in this Bay we haled the same and got a great many good and large Smelts Smelts of twenty Inches long and eight Inches about Wednesday February 8. Fair Weather Wind West-south-west This Morning at four a Clock I run down the Streights with the Pinnace keeping the Norht-shore a-board and run berwixt it and Elizabeth's Island but saw no Indians yet saw several places where they had been very lately and where they had built their Canowes From Cape Desiade to Elizabeths Island there is Wood and fresh Water plenty but from Elizabeths Island to Cape Virgin-Mary Wood and fresh Water is very scarce to come by This Afternoon at three a Clock I got a-board again and at four a Clock we came to an Anchor in eight Fathom Water black Sand we rid within a Mile of the North-shore St. Georges and St. Bartholomew's Island were both shut in one and they bore South-south-east of me and Elizabeths Island bore South and by East And here we rid with the Ship all Night February 9. Fair Weather Wind Westerly This Morning the Captain sent me to see for Indians but I could see none yet I fell with a good Harbour for small Vessels on the North-side and at the South-end of a great deep Bay thwart of Elizabeths Island the entrance of this Harbour is not a Bow-shot from side to side I sounded it and there was twelve foot Water at a low Water but within there was three Fathom Water at low Water from the entrance of this Harbour to the upper end of it is about seven Miles Here is in this Harbour great stone of Geese and Ducks and a-shore there is great store of Heath-berries and Hicts and small Black-berries good and well-tasted but I saw no Indians so I returned a-board again the Captain went into another Harbour a Mile to the Southward of the second Narrow on the North-shore and sounded and had four Fathom Water in it it is very broad within and there is great store of Sea-Crabs Saturday February 11. Fair Weather Wind variable This day the Captain ordered me to go with the Pinnace and discover the North-shore and if I could with convenience discover some part of the South and to go to the first Narrow and there to stay for the Ship so I went through the second and landed on the South-side in a fine sandy Bay or Cove expecting to fall with Indians for I saw a many Fires up in the Land I went up about five or six Miles but could see no Indians Then the Night coming on I returned again to the Boat and there we pitched a Tent to lie in and lay all Night and at High-water we set the same thwart a Pond of Water and there it stood until Low-water then we halled the Pond all over and haled a-shore about 700 good and large Fish like Mullets This Land is very dry barren Land and nothing to be seen in it worth the Observation
February 12. Fair Weather Wind Northerly This Morning I went over to the North-shore and there I fell with a fine sandy Bay I sounded it and had 6 7 8 9 and 10 Fathom Water above half a Mile from the Shore This Bay is between the second Narrow and Cape Gregory close under Cape Gregory this Cape is about five or six Miles to the Eastwards of the second Narrow here I landed the Winds being Northerly a fresh gale and haled the Boat up dry and went up into the Country to see for Indians but saw none and I returned to the Boat again where we pitched our Tent and lay all Night February 13. Fair Weather and a fresh gale of Wind Westerly This Morning I run all along the North-shore from Cape Gregory to the first Narrow and I was no sooner entred into the first Narrow but I saw three Anchors which lay up above High-water Mark in a small sandy Cove there I landed and haled up the Boat and searched about to see if we could fall with any Guns or other Trade One of the Men found an Iron Commander for some Ships Poop one of those Anchors were twelve Foot long in the Shank and the other two were eleven Foot a piece and they were all spanish Anchors The Land here is barren dry Land and affords neither Wood nor fresh Water and for the space of five or six Miles about the land is full of Rats they have Holes in the Ground like Coney-burroughs their Food I suppose to be Limpet for there is great store of Limpet-shoals lying close to their Holes I saw no Indians here nor any thing worth Observing Night coming on we here pitched our Tent and lay all Night here are very good sandy Bays on the North-side all the way betwixt the first and second Narrow for I sounded all along as I came down in the Boat and had ten and twelve Fathom Water a good Burth off Tuesday February 14. Close hasey Weather with some Rain and very much Wind Westerly This Morning I saw the Ship coming down the Streights and after she was through the Narrow they brought her to and I got a-board and we made all the Sail we could and by Night we got clear of the Streights into the North-sea and at three a Clock Cape Virgin-Mary bore North-west ½ a Point Northerly distance 4 Leagues Thursday February 23. Fair Weather the Wind variable from the North-north-west to the West-north-west This Evening at nine a Clock we came to an Anchor in 22 Fathom Water sandy Ground on the South-part of America in the Lat. of 47 d. 16 m. South and then Cape-Blanco bore North-north-west of me distant about six Leagues February 24. Fair Weather and little Wind Northerly This Morning we weighed to go to Port Desire-Bay and in the Evening at six a Clock we Anchored in the Bay in fourteen Fathom Water February 25. Fair Weather and a Fresh gale of Wind Easterly This day the Long boat went into Port-Desire for fresh-Water but could not fill above five or six Puncheons for there was no more to be had there and all they brought aboard was brackish Fair Weather Wind variable Sunday February 26. Fair Weather and a fresh Wind at South-south-west Thiw Morning we set Sail from Port-Desire to go for England and at twelve a Clock I was in the Latitude of 47 deg 10 m. South And then Cape-Blanco bore Northwest of me but not by the Compass for here is a Point and half variation Easterly and at four a Clock Cape-Blanco bore West-north-west of me by the Compass distance nine Miles and then we had twenty Fathom Water but when it bears West-north-west from you and you are 8 Miles off you will have but ten Fathom Water Here is very good Sounding al the Coast along from this Cape ot Cape Virgin-Mary which lies in 52 d. 15 m. South Within five Leagues off the Main you will have 25 and 30 Fathom Water and 10 Leagues off you will have 50 and 55 Fathom Water it is black oasie Sand. Wednesday May 17. The Weather fair This Evening at six a Clock we saw the Island of Saint Mary one of the Isles of Azores it bore East-north-east of me distant about sixteen Leagues by Estimation fair Weather Wind at South-east May 19. Fair Weather Wind Easterly This Morning at seven a Clock the Town of Puntelegada upon the Island of St. Michaels one of the Isles of Azores bore North of me distant about two Miles and my Longitude difference from Cape-Blanco to this Town is My Meridian distance from Cape-Blanco to this Town is Leagues Miles Tenths Easting this Town lying so far to the Eastward of the Cape This day the Captain sent me a-shore to Puntelegada to enquire News from England whether we had War or Peace with any other Nation or not and I was informed by Mr. Richard Nucheuson that we had War with none but the Argea-Men So I returned a-board again and we made all the Sail we could for England Tuesday May 23. Fair Weather and much Wind at North-east our Provisions being almost done and but little Water in the Ship we bore up to go for Angria at the Tercesas May 24. Close hasey Weather and a fresh gale of Wind at North-east and by North. This Forenoon we Anchored in Angria-Rode in sixteen Fathom Water Friday May 26. Fair Weather and little Wind at North-east This Forenoon we set Sail out of Angria-Rode to go for England Saturday June 10. 1671. It was hasey dirty Weather Wind at S. W. This moring I saw Scilly at seven a Clock it bore N. E. by N. of me distant about 5 Leagues and at six a Clock in the Afternoon the Lizzard bore North of me distant about 3 Leagues Now I make my difference of Longitude from Cape Blanco to the Lizzard in England to be 60 d. 45 m. 2 10. and my Meridian distance is 840 Leagues I am so far to the Eastwards of the Cape A Relation of a Voyage made towards the South Terra Incognita extracted from the Journal of Captain Abel Jansen Tasman by which not only a new Passage by Sea to the Southward of Nova Hollandia Vandemens Land c. is discovered and a vast space of Land and Sea incompassed and sailed round but many considerable and instructive Observations concerning the variation of the Magnetical Needle in parts of the Worlds almost Antipodes to us and several other curious remarks concerning those Places and People are set forth Not long since Published in the Low Dutch by Dirk Rembrantse and now in English from Dr. Hook's Collections IN the year 1642. Aug. 14. He set Sail with two Ships from Batavia to wit the Yacht Heemskirk and the Fly-boat Seehane and the 5. of September came to an Anchor at the Island Mauritius 20 d. South Latitude and 83 d. 48 m. Long. They found this Island 50 Dutch Miles more Easterly than by their reckoning which make 3 d. 33 m. of
Northward to the South Latitude of 17 d. and from thence Westward to the Cocos and Horns Islands first discovered by William Scouten and then if not sooner to recruit for they had indeed been upon Anthony van Diemens Land but had met with nothing and upon New Zealand they had not so much as once been a-shore Jan. 8. in S. Latitude 30 d. 25 m. Longitude 192 d. 20 m. N. E. variation 9 d. they had great Waves out of the S. E. so that upon that Point no Land can be hoped January 12. South Latitude 30 d. 5 m. Longitude 195 d. 27 m. N. E. variation 9½ d. they had hollow Waves out of the S. E. and S. W. January 16. in S. Latitude 26. d. 29 m. Longitude 199 d. 32 m. N. E. variation 8 d. The 19. in S. Latitude 22 d. 35 m. Longitude 204 d. 15 m. N. E. variation 7½ d. they saw an Island about two or three Miles round high steep and barren in appearance they would willingly have come nearer to it but could not because of the S. E. and S. S. E. Wind they gave it the name of Piilstreets Islands because of the multitude of those Fowls the next day they saw again two Islands The 21. of January in S. Latitude 21 d. 20 m. Longitude 205 d. 29 m. N. E. variation 7¼ d. they came to the Northermost Island which was the biggest and not high they gave it the name of Amsterdam and the other Middleburgh On this Amsterdam they got many Hogs Hens and all sorts of Fruits the Inhabitants were friendly had no Weapons and appeared to know no evil excepting that they take the liberty to Steal there the Current is not great the Ebb runs near N. E. and the Flood S. W. a S. W. Moon makes high Water and it flows seven or eight Foot at least the Wind is continually S. E. and S. S. E. wherewith the Yacht Hemskirk was a drift but saved her self off the Island yet took in no Water which here was not easie to come by January 25. in South Latitude 20 d. 15 m. Longitude 206 d. 19 m. N. E. variation 6â…“ d. after having seen several little Islands they came to the Island Rotterdam as you see it in the Chart. The People were friendly and without Arms as the former but likewise very thievish here they got fresh Water and other refreshment they went through this Island and found the Cocos or Clappus Trees in great plenty planted orderly one by another and Gardens whose Beds were made square and very handsome and set with all sorts of Fruit Trees which in almost all places were planted in a right Line so that it was a pleasure to behold them on all sides giving a fragrant and delightful smell From this Island Rotterdam they departed and saw some other Islands which you see in the Chart and now designed according to their former resolution to go away North till the 17. degree of South Latitude and then West not to pass by the Traitors and Hornese Island they had the Wind at S. E. and E. S. E. February 6. in South Latitude 17 d. 19 m. Longitude 201 d. 35 m. they were intricated among about eighteen or twenty Islands which were all incompassed with Sands Shoals Banks and Rocks which Islands are marked in the Charts by the name of Prince Williams Islands and Hemskirks Shoals February 8. In S. Latitude 15 d. 29 m. Longitude 199 d. 31 m. they had a great deal of Rain and hard Wind out of the N. E. and N. N. E. with hasey and dark Weather and fearing left they might be more Westwardly than by their Reckoning that they might not fall to the Southwards of Nova Guinea or on unknown Coasts also by reason of the windy dark Weather they concluded to go on N. or N. N. W. to 4 5 or 6 d. of South Latitude and then away West to Nova Guinea and so to be in less danger February 14. in South Latitude 16 d. 30 m. Longitude 193 d. 35 m. till this time they had every day Rain with Storms but now 't was more Calm they halled the Ship Seahaen and found their Reckonings to agree February 20. in S. Lat. 13 d. 45 m. Long 193 d. 35 m. they had still thick dark misty and rainy Weather the Sea coming out of all Quarters and the Wind variable February 26. Lat. S. 9 d. 48 m. Long 193 d. 43 m. the Wind was constantly N. W. they had not had one dry day in twenty one March 2. Lat. S. 9 d. 11 m. Long. 192 d. 46 m. N. E. variation 10 d. the Weather and Wind variable March 8. Latitude South 7 d. 46 m. Longitude 190 d. 47 m. Weather and Wind as before March 14. South-Latitude 10 d. 12 m. Longitude 186 d. 14 m. N. E. variation 8 d. 45 m. Before this for twelve days time they could get no Observation because every day it was thick dark and dirty Weather with much Rain March 20. South Latitude 5 d. 15 m. Longitude 181 d. 16 m. N. E. variation 9 d. the Weather grew better March 22. South Latitude 5 d. 2 m. Longitude 178 d. 32 m. good Weather with Easterly Trade Wind they got sight of Land four Miles West from them it was a number of small Islands about twenty in all named in the Charts Onthong Java which lye about ninety Miles from the Coast of Nova Guinea March 25. South Latitude 4 d. 35 m. Longitude 175 d. 10 m. variation 9 d. 30 m. they were up with the Islands of Mark all found by William Scouten and John le Mair being fourteen or fifteen in number The Natives are Savage and have their black Hair tyed up like the Rogues of Murderers Bay in Nova Zeaâ—andia March 29. they passed by Green Island the 30. by St. Johns Island April 1. in South Latitude 4 d. 30 m. Longitude 171 d. 2 m. variation 8 d. 45 m. they reached the Coast of New Guinea at a Cape called by the Spaniards Cabo Saint Maria and went along the Coast which lies about N. W. to Anthony 〈◊〉 Island Gardeners Island and Fishers Island to the Promontory called Struis Hook where the Land falls away S. and S. Eastwardly which they followed and went Southerly until they should discover the Land or else find a Passage to the South April 12. S. Latitude 3 d. 45 m. Longitude 167 d. 00 m. N. E. variation 10 d. here they had a sudden Earth-quake that all they that were fast asleep came up out of their Cabbins very much affrighted imagining that the Ship had struck upon a Rock but casting the Lead found no ground they had afterwards several shakes of the Earth-quake but never so violent as the first they were then within the Struis Hook standing into the Bight Bay of Good Hope April 14. South Latitude 5 d. 27 m. Longitude 166 d. 57 m. N. E. variation 9 d. 15 m. Here they saw the Land from the E. N.
had observed he returned without any hope or probability of a Passage that way but this not discouraging him he resolved a second Adventure to the Northward of Nova Zembla to see what might be Performed that way So in the Year 1607. he set forward and arrived on the Coast of Nova Zembla in the Lat. of 73. where he met with Ice and so coasted the Shore till he came to the Lat. of 76. where he could get no farther and by the Ice was there driven on Shore and his Ship broke in peices by it and he confined to Winter there where they all indured the greatest extremity of Cold that ever Mortals did the Winter being past they with difficulty in two Boats got to Cola in Lapland but before their arrival there William Barrans dyed to the great grief of all his Company The next that Attempted it was that famous Discoverer of our own Nation Mr. Henry Hudson in the Year 1610. but he being disheartned by the Voyage of Barrans attempted but little So the thought of a Passage by the North-East was wholly laid aside till of late within this Year or two some Novile Accidents happening the Opinion of the North-East was received in some and something relating thereunto was printed in the Transactions of the Royal Society Now will I come to the Reasons of that induced me to believe there was a probability of a Passage and then the cause of my undertaking of the said Voyage My first Reason was grounded on the Opinion of William Barrans before spoke of which was that Nova Zembla and Greenland being 200 Leagues distance between one and the other that if he had Steered away North-East from the North Cape which would have brought him in the mid-way betwixt the two Lands that then he might have probably found an open Sea free from Ice and so Consequently a Passage and in that Opinion he remained to his dying day for he did verily believe that the Ice was not to be met off of either Shore more than 20 Leagues and the rest to be free and open and that his being too near the Shore of Nova Zembla was the cause of his meeting so much Ice which was the overthrow of his Voyage and if he had lived he had purposely intended another Voyage and to have sailed the mid-way The second Reason that made me believe a Passage was a Letter sent out of Holland which is Published in the Transactions of the Royal Society which affirmeth the Grand Zar of Moscovia had caused a particular Survey of the Land of Nova Zâ—mbla and that they had found it to be no Island but to joyn to the main Land of Tartaâ—ia and that to the Northward of it was a free and open Sea The third was a Journal Printed in Holland of a Voyage from Batavia to Japan wherein the Ship was cast away upon Corea a Peninsula of China where by the Natives they were made Slaves The Relator having been there 16 years at last escaped to Japan and writ this Journal wherein amongst other Observations he Relates this that in a Bay on the Coast of Corea there doth at several times drive in dead Whales with English and Dutch Harping Irons in them which if true had been a great Argument of a Passage The fourth was a Relation of Mr. Joseph Moxons who being in Holland above 20 years since heard a Dutchman relate as he did believe the real Matter of Fact that he had been under the Pole it self and that it was as warm there as it was at Amsterdam in Summer time The fifth was a Relation of one Captain Goulden who had made above thirty Voyages to Greenland and this he did relate to his Majesty that being at Greenland some twenty Years ago he was in Company with two Hollanders to the Eastward of Edges Island and that the Whales not appearing on the Shore the two Hollanders were resolved to go farther Northerly and to Fish amongst the Ice so they departed from him and went to the Northward and in a Fortnights time returned to him again and gave it out that they had sailed unto the Lat. of 89. that was within one Degree of the Pole and that they did meet with no Ice but a free and open Sea and that there run a very hollow grown Sea like that of the Bay of Bisca Mr. Goulden being not satisfied with the bare Relation they produced him four Journals out of the two Ships which testified the same and that they all agreed within four minutes one of the other The sixth Inducement that made me believe there was a Passage was a Relation from the same Captain Goulden which was that all the drift Wood that they found at Greenland was eaten with a Sea-Worm to the very Heart which if so it must of necessity come out of a Hot Climate for Experience sheweth that the Worm biteth in no Cold Country therefore it could not be supposed that it came from any other Country than Jedzo Japan or some Land thereabout The seventh Argument was another Narration Printed in the Transactions of two Ships of late that had attempted the Passage sailed 300 Leagues to the Eastward of Nova Zembla and had after prosecuted the Voyage had there not a difference arose betwixt the Undertakers and the East-India-Company against whose Interest it was to suffer it to be found out so they being a Body and more powerful than the other suppressed it These seven were the main Arguments though I had many more that Converted me into the Opinion of there being a possibility of a Passage to the Northward of Nova Zembla to China and Japan these being as I supposed or as any Man would have done if he had well considered them to be Matter of Fact and no Fables Besides these Arguments I had some grounded upon Reason and Nature which seemed to be assistant in the Design of the Attempt supposing the aforesaid Arguments to be true and there being no Land nor Ice in the way as and Obstacle to hinder it The first was That being near the North-Pole in the Summer time it might be as warm as under the Artick or Antartick Circle or warmer than with us in the Winter time for under the Pole it self in June the Sun being 23 degrees high and having no Depression towards the Horizon but always swimming about at the same hight might illuminate that part of the Hemisphere with more heat than it doth ours in Winter when he is no more then 15 degrees high when he is at the highest that is on the Meridian and not more than eight Hours above the Horizon or that it might be as hot as any place near either Polar Circle because there the Sun hath a Declination toward the Horizon and so the Atmosphere hath almost as much time to cool as it hath to heat which under the Pole should have no intermission And one Argument to favour this Opinion was the Relation of most Greenland
Flawes Commander being bound upon the Discovery with us At Eight at Night the Naz◠Land boar West North about six Leagues we steered away North-east and North-north-east Monday May 29. The Wind at South-west and West-south-west a fresh Gale with Showers of Rain Course per Compass between the North-east and the North distance sailed by the Log 73 Miles true Course Protracted since last Night Eight a Clock to this Day Noon is North 28 d. East difference of Lat. 68 Miles and departure East from the Naze Land 36 Miles Lat. by Judgment as in the Margent Thick cloudy Weather Tuesday May 30. From yesterday Noon to this Day Noon the Wind variable from South-west to the South-east thick cloudy Weather and a fresh Gale Course per Compass North-north-west and North-west by North distance sailed by the Log 95 Miles true Course is North 28 d. West distance of Lat. 83 Miles departure West 45 Miles Lat. per Judgment Meridian distance West nine Miles Wednesday May 31. From yesterday Noon to this Day Noon the Winds variable with Calms and Rains Courses per Traverse true Course Protracted with all impediments allowed is North 43 d. West 60 Miles difference of Lat. 42. Miles departure West 40 Miles Lat. per Judgment 54 d. 13 m. Lat. by a good Observation at Noon 55 d. 30 m. at which time the Land between New-Castle and Berwick bore West about 8 or 9 Leagues Meridian distance Current from the bearing of the Land and the Lat. is 88 Miles 50 Fathom Water saw two Ships standing to the Southward but would not show their Colours Thursday June 1. From yesterday Noon to this Day Noon a fresh Gale from the West by South to the South-west Course per Compass between the North and the North-west distance sailed by the Log 76 Miles true Course Protracted is North 16 d. West Lat. by a good Observation 56 d. 41 m. departure West 21 Miles At nine in the Morning we gave Chase to a Scotch Fisherman and at Noon came up with her and bought some Fish of him at Noon a hard Gale steered away North being about seven or eight Leagues from the Land between Montross and Edenburgh we steered along the Course North by East till eight a Clock Friday June 2. From yesterday Noon to this Day Noon the Winds variable with fair Weather Course per Compass North distance sailed by the Log 117 Miles but by a good Observation 120 Miles Lat. 58 d. 41 m. Winds from the West-south-west to the South-west At two a Clock a great gust of Wind at North-west with Rain we hand our Top-sails and at three it blew a Storm of Wind we lay a Try under a Main-sail till ten a Clock then sent our Fore-sail Saturday June 3. From yesterday Noon to this day Noon true Course Protracted Leeward way and all impediments allowed is North East 42 Miles Lat. by a good Observation is 59 d. 23 m. Meridian distance from the Naze Land is 100 Miles at Noon saw a small Island called Foril lying to the South of Shetland bearing West-north-west about four Leagues in the Afternoon little Wind. Note that we found the Ship more to the Westward than expected being caused by a variation of 6 or 7 d. East Sunday June 4. This Forenoon little Wind with Calms till about 12 at Noon at which time sprung up a Gale West-north-west blowing very hard we ply to windward and turned into Brace-Sound and anchored in nine Fathom Water right against the Town called Lerwick here is the remains of a Fort that was built in the time of War with Holland but upon the Peace with the Hollanders it was demolished for fear any other Nation might come and take it and so keep it Saturday June 10. Rid still till Saturday seven a Clock at which time Weighed the Wind at South-west we took in a Pilot and sailed out through the North end of Brace Sound having three Fathom Water over the shallowest place Sunday June 11. At four in the Morning Scau bore West by North about six Leagues a fresh Gale at South-west hasey Weather From four in the Morning till twelve at Night Course North-north-east distance sailed by the Log 35 Miles true Course allowed from the bearing of the Land is North-east 41 Miles difference of Lat. 30 Miles Lat. by Judgment 61 d. 26 m. Meridian distance from Shetland 30 Miles East From yesterday Noon to this Day Noon a strong Gale at South-west West-south-west West and West-north-west Course per Compass North-north-east distance sailed by the Log 147 Miles difference of Lat. 135 Miles departure East 56 Miles Lat. by Judgment 63 d. 42 m. Meridian distance East 86 Miles thick cloudy Weather at Noon little Wind. Tuesday June 13. From yesterday Noon to this Day little Wind and variable with Calms from the North-west to North-north-east we ply to windward True Course Protracted all impediments allowed is North-north-east 23 Miles difference of Lat. 21 Miles North departure East 8 Miles Lat. by Judgment 64 d. 03 m. Meridian distance 94 Miles Lat. by a good Observation 64 d. 03 m. Wednesday June 14. From the 13. Noon to this Day Noon the Winds variable with fresh Gales Rains and little Winds Course per Traverse between the North-east and the North distance sailed by the Log 92 Miles true Course Protracted all impediments allowed is North 18 d. difference of Lat. 81 Miles departure East 30 Miles Meridian distance 124 Miles Thursday June 15. From the 14. Noon to this Day Noon the Winds variable with Calms from the West to the South-west Course per Compass North-north-east distance sailed by the Log 67 Miles true Course Protracted with allowance is North 22 ½ d. East difference of Lat. 62 Miles departure East 26 Miles Lat. per Judgment 66 d. 26 m. Meridian distance 150 Miles East At Noon broke our Main Topsail-Yard being rotten in the Slings thick hasey Weather Friday June 16. From the 15. Noon to this Day Noon a fresh Gale at West-north-west and West-south-west with Rains and thick Weather Course per Compass North-north-east and North-east by North distance sailed per Log 126 Miles true Course Protracted is North 30 d. East difference of Lat. 108 Miles departure East 63 Miles Lat per Judgment 68 d. 14 m. Meridian distance 223 Miles Saturday June 17. From the 16. Noon to this Day Noon a fresh Gale at West-north-west and West with Rain and cloudy Weather Course per Compass North-east distance sailed by the Log 127 Miles difference of Lat. 90 Miles departure East 90 Miles Lat per Judgment 69 d. 48 m. Meridian distance 303 Miles but by a good Observation at Noon Lat. 69 d. 53 m. difference of Lat. between the Dead Reckoning and Observation is 9 Miles which imputed to a westerly variation which is found by an Azimuth 7 d. Meridian distance Corrected is 300 Miles fair Weather Sunday June 18. From the 17. Noon to this day Noon the Wind from West-north-west to the
the Ice and killed a young Sea-Horse or Mors and saw many more but could not kill them with Muskets notwithstanding we fired 7 Muskets into one of them neither could we come to lame them for they get into the Sea before you can come to them they keeping Watch and are very shy always lying on the brink of the Ice ready to take the Sea We Sounded and had 80 Fathom Water green Oar at which time we saw the Ground plain being very smooth Water Meridian distance from the Ship to the Land 15 Miles which maketh Meridian distance from the Land to this place 980 Miles Wednesday June 28. From the 27. Noon to this Day Noon very little Wind but the most part Calm from the North to the West true Course Protracted West-north-west 10 Miles Lat. per Judgment 74 d. 46 m. Meridian distance 970 Miles In the Afternoon stood in close with the Ice and found it to joyn to the main Land at Night stood off from the Ice Thursday June 29. From the 28 Noon to this Day Noon little Wind with Rains we stood away from the Ice to Sea true Course allowed is South 27 d. West 20 Miles difference of Lat. 16 Miles departure 8 Miles Lat. per Judgment 74 d. 40 m. Meridian distance 964 Miles At Noon the Wind at West and West and by South a sine Gale but very foggy Weather we stand away South to get from the Ice we being in-bayed in it At 11 at Night the Prosperous Pink fired a Gun and bore down upon us crying out Ice on the Weather-Bow with that we clap'd the Helm hard a Weather Veered out the Main-Sheet to Ware the Ship but before the Ship could Ware and bring to upon the other Tack She struck on a ledge of Rocks which lay sunk From 12 at Noon to 11 at Night thick foggy Weather the Wind from the North-west to the West by South Course per Compass between the South-west and the South by West close Haul'd but at Night the Prosperous Pink saw the Sea break on the Weather-Bow bearing down upon us cryed out it was the Ice with that we presently bore up round to bring to upon the other Tack but our Ship not wearing round run on a ledge of Rocks there stuck fast but Captain Flawes Ship got clear wearing more rounder we fired several Guns to give Captain Flawes notice of our distress we used all means possible to get her off by carrying out a Hasser and Anchor and staving of Water and Beer and throwing Provision over Board but could not get the Ship off for the Water did Ebb and the Ship Sued above 3 Foot but when the Flood came it brought a great Sea with it and the Ship beat very hard we used all means to heave her off but could not and the Ship making Water more than we could Pump with that we cut our Masts by the Board and sent our Yaul unto the Shore to discover some place to Land at whose return aboard brought word that there was landing with that we got up Bread out of the Bread Room and brought it up into the great Cabbin and the Carpenter made ready to save some Tools and necessaries to Rebuild our Long-Boat to save our lives if so necessitated that Captain Flawes should not return to us So about 12 at Noon we got all our Men ashore except two which were drowned in the Pinnace by a Sea which broke into her just as she put off from the Ship side having Bread Powder and Provisions in her and all lost with the Pinnace Also to our great grief having nothing but the Long-Boat to trust in to save our lives which could not carry above 30 Men of 70. We used all means to save Bread but the Ship filling up to the upper Deck we were forced to leave her having saved but two Bags of Bread with some pieces of Pork and a little Cheese this being all on Shore we carried our Provisions and other Necessaries upon a Hill where came to visit us one of the Natives which was a Prodigious great white Bear which one of our Men shot at and as we supposed hit her which made her run away with that we made all hast to build us a Tent to keep us from the cold and to keep our Provisions dry having saved Canvas for the purpose which we laid over Oars and Spars and threw up a Trench of Earth round us to preserve us from Wild Beasts but all this time indured much cold most of our Men being wet and having no firing therefore all our Hopes and Prayers were that God would send us the Ship ashore Friday June 30. A fresh Gale and very foggy with a great Sea our Ship began to split and much Wreck came ashore so that we got Oars Spars and Deals to build us Tents and firing of which we saved as much as we could but the Weather proved very foggy to our great grief being we could not expect Captain Flawes as long as the Fog continued The Wind at West-north-west Saturday July 1. The Wind at North-west a fresh Gale the Ship brake in pieces so that we had much Wreck came ashore and Provisions which we indeavoured to save with much pains and trouble the Sea breaking much on the Shore and the Weather very cold and foggy We saved two Casks of Flower some Brandy and a Butt of Beer and a Cask of Oil the Flower did us great kindness to save our Bread for we made of the Flower Pan-Cakes and Pudding and baked Cakes on Stones to our great refreshment Sunday July 2. The Wind at West and very foggy we saved more Flower Butter and a few pieces of Beef and Pork the Cask being Staved The Gunneras he was saving of Provision there came a great White Bear to him which he shot at and fell'd her down but she rose again and at him with that there came more Men and fired at her she was a very great one and very Fat and the Flesh very good and look'd delicate and Eat well Saturday July 8. The Wind at West-north-west a very great Fog and all our Men in great despair of our seeing Captain Flawes we beginning to consider our most miserable Condition and contriving how to save our Lives the Long-boat not being able to carry above 30 Men and a Deck built on her and her Wast raised with that we concluded to lengthen her 12 Foot and to carry all our Men but upon consideration of wanting Materials and the Carpenters bad assistance the Men would not agree to have her cut a sunder for fear she could not be lengthened but were willing to Travel by Land towards the Waygates in hopes to find some Russia Lodges With that we began to raise her Wast and build a Deck the Weather continuing very foggy till Saturday Morning at which time we espyed Captain Flawes to our great joy with that we made presently a great Fire and sent our Yaul to meet
great Fogs from the South-south-east to the West-north-west Course per Compass between the South-west and the West distance sailed by the Log 91 Miles true Course Protracted is South-west by South 87 Miles difference of Lat. 76 Miles departure 43 Miles Lat. per Judgment 73 d. 08 m. Meridian distance 625 Miles At Noon no ground with 160 Fathom Lines Monday July 24. From the 23. Noon to this Day Noon little Winds and variable with Calms true Course allowed is South-south-west ¾ West 22 Miles distance of Lat. 18 Miles departure 11 Miles Lat per Judgment 72 d. 50 m. Meridian distance 636 Miles Tuesday July 25. From the 24. Noon to this Day Noon the Wind variable with fresh Gales from North by West to the East with Fogs Course between the West-south-west and South-west distance sailed by the Log 88 Miles true Course allowed for 9 d. variation is South-west ½ Westerly distance of Lat. 54 Miles departure 69 Miles Lat. per Judgment 71 d. 56 m. Meridian distance 705 Miles Wednesday July 26. From the 25. Noon to this day Noon the Wind variable from the East by North to the South with thick Fogs Distance sailed by the Log 73 Miles Course per Compass between the South-west by West and West-north-west true Course Protracted is West ½ South distance of Lat. 7 Miles departure 67 Miles Thursday July 27. From the 26. Noon to this Day Noon the Winds from the South to the South-west with great Fogs Distance sailed by the Log 68 Miles true Course allowed West ½ South difference of Lat. 7 Miles departure 62 Miles West Friday July 28. From the 27. Noon to this Day Noon the Wind from the South-south-west to the South-east Course per Compass between the West by North and the South-west close upon a Wind distance sailed by the Log 85 Miles true Course Protracted is South-west by West ¼ 80 Miles distance of Latitude 46 Miles South departure 64 Miles West thick Fogs with small Rain Saturday July 29. From the 28. Noon to this Day Noon much Wind from the South to the South-west we tryed under a Main-sail three Watches true Course allowed is West 15 Miles Sunday July 30. From the 29. Noon to this Day Noon the Wind variable from South-east to the South and so to the North-west with sudden gusts with much Rain then little Wind at 8 this Morning much Wind at North-west true Course Protracted all impediments allowed is South-south-west 66 Miles distance of Lat. 60 Miles departure 25 Miles Monday July 31. From the 30. Noon to this Day Noon much Wind at North-west with Rain Course per Compass South-west by South and South-west distance sailed by the Log 104 Miles true Course allowed for Leeward-way and variation South by West ½ West difference of Lat. 103 Miles departure 11 Miles Lat. per Dead Reckoning 68 d. 13 m. but by Observation 68 d. 00â—â—m departure accordingly Corrected 15 Miles Meridian distance 953 Miles Tuesday August 1. From the 31. Noon to this Day Noon the Wind variable from the North-west to the South-west by West distance sailed by the Log 80 Miles we ply to Windward true Course Protracted variation and Leeward-way allowed distance West-south-west difference of Lat. 72 Miles departure 51 Miles thick cloudy Weather with some small Rains and Fogs Wednesday August 2. From the 1. Noon to this Day Noon from the South by West to the South-west thick Fogs Course per Compass between the West by South and the West-north-west distance sailed by the Log 51 Miles true Course allowed is West by North difference of Lat. 12 Miles departure 49 Miles Lat. per Judgment 67 d. 50 m. but by a good Observation Lat. 67 d. 55 m. at Noon clear Weather Thursday August 3. From the 2. Noon to this Day Noon the Wind from the West to the South-south-west with Fogs and Rains Course per Traverse we ply to Windward true Course Protracted is South-south-west distance of Lat. 21 Miles departure 10 Miles at Night much Wind at South we lay under a Main-sail Friday August 4. From 8 at Night to this Day Noon a Storm of Wind at South and S. S. W. True Course Drist and all impediments allowed is North-west by North ¼ West difference of Lat. 18 Miles depareture 16 Miles at Noon less Wind we set our Fore-sail Saturday August 5. From the 4. Noon to this Day Noon the Wind from the West by South to the North-west a very cold Strom true Course allowed is South by East difference of Lat. 75 Miles departure 15 Miles in the Afternoon little Wind. Sunday August 6. From the 5. Noon to this Day Noon fresh Gales and little Wind from the West-north-west to the West-south-west True Course allowed South ¼ East distance of Lat. 67 Miles departure 8 Miles Monday August 7. From the 6. Noon to this Day Noon the Wind at South and South-west sometimes much Wind and then Calm again True Course allowed per Judgment is West-north-west ¼ North 53 Miles difference of Lat. 22 Miles departure West 47 Miles at Noon the Wind came about to the West-north-west much Wind and at 8 it blew a Strom at Northwest Tuesday August 8. From yesterday 8 at Night to this Day Noon a Strom of Wind at North-west we run away with our Fore-sail Reeft Course per Compass South-south-west distance sailed by the Log 116 Miles true Course allowed is South distance of Lat. 107. Miles departure West 5 Miles Wednesday August 9. At 3 in the Morning a fresh Gale saw many Willocks and other Sea-Fowls and at 5 we saw the Land East-south-east from us being high Land and making like Islands being the Isles of Fero. At Noon Lat. by a good Observation 61 d. 45 m. at which time the Westermost Island bore East about 8 Leagues off Distance sailed from yesterday Noon to this Day Noon 120 Miles true Course allowed South by West ¼ Westerly distance of Lat. 116 Miles departure 26 Miles Lat. per Judgment 62 d. 04 m. distance between the Dead Lat. and the observed Lat. 20 Miles so that the Ship is 20 Miles more Southerly and consequently more Westerly Meridian distance 1129 Miles but by Correction 1136 Miles we saw a small Vessel and gave chase to her but she made from us Thursday August 10. From the 9. Noon to this Day Noon a fresh Gale at North-west Course between the South and East-south-east to get clear of the Islands in the Night distance sailed by the Log 102 Miles true Course Protracted is South-east by East ¼ South distance of Lat. 58 Miles departure 76 Miles spoke with the Ship we saw yesterday being a Lyn Man come from the Island Friday August 11. From the 10. Noon to this Day Noon the Wind at North-north-west Course per Compass South-east by east distance sailed by the Log 83 Miles at Noon the Island Foule bore North-east by East about 3 Leagues off the Wind came about at South Saturday August 12. From the 11. Noon to this
weather and warm Sun-shine all night Hard by us rode a Hollander and the Ships crew busie in cutting the fat of a Whale when the fish burst with so great a bounce as if a Canon had been discharged and bespattered the Workmen all over On the 8th the wind turned North-west with snow and rain We were forced to leave one of our Anchors and thank'd God for getting off from Land for the Ice came on fiercely upon us at night the wind was laid and it was colder although the Sun shined On the 9th we got another male Whale being the eighth which was yellow underneath the head we filled with him 54 Kardels with fat the Sun shined all night On the 12th we had gloomy Sun-shine all day At night we sailed with three Boats into the Ice before the Weigatt and got three white Bears an old one with two young ones they swam in the water like fish On the Ice lay abundance of Sea-horses and the further we came into the Ice there were the more of them we rowed up to them and when we came near to them we killed ten of them the rest came all about our Boat and beat holes through the sides of the Boat so that we took in abundance of water we were forced at length to row away from them because of their great number for they gathered themselves more and more together they pursued us as long as we could see them very furiously Afterwards we met with another very great one who lay in the water fast asleep but when he felt our Harpoon within him he was very much frightned and ran away before the Boat again where he was soon eased of his fright by our Lances We saw but very few Whales more and those we did see were quite wild that we could not come near them That night it was so dark and foggy that we could hardly see the Ships length we might have got Sea-horses enough but we were afraid of loosing our Ships for we had examples enough of them that had lost their Ships and could not come to them again but have been forced to return home in other Ships When after this manner any have lost their Ships and cannot be seen they discharge a Cannon from the Ship or sound the Trumpets or Haut-boys according as they are provided in their Ships that the men that are lost may find their Ship again On the 13th we had cloudy Sun-shine the wind towards night turned to North-east and by east The Ice came a floating down apace we sailed from the South-east Land to the west and we could but just get through by the North side from the Bear-Harbour or Bay We sailed on to the Rehenfelt or Deer-field where the Ice was already fixed to the Land so that we could but just get through we sailed further to the Vogelsanck Birds-song as you may see by b in the Plate D. Then we turned toward the East with a North-east wind in company with twelve Ships more to see whether there were any more Whales left with George and Cornelius Mangelsen and Michael Appel who sailed in four fathoms water and touched upon the wreck of a Ship that was lost there On the 14th in the morning we sailed still amongst the Ice the wind being North-east and by east we had a fogg all that day with Sun-shine with a Rainbow of two colours white and pale yellow and it was very cold and we saw the Sun a great deal lower On the 15th it was windy cold and foggy the whole day the wind turned North-west and the Ice came on in abundance so that we could hardly sail for it was every where full of small sheets of Ice At this time there were many ships beset with Ice in the Deer or Muscle-Bay We sailed all along near the shoar and at night we entred the South-Harbour marked with c in the Cut D where 28 Ships lay at Anchor 8 whereof were Hamburgers the rest Dutchmen From that time when we sailed out of the South-haven we kept always within sight of the Land and saw it always except it was foggy and so long the Skippers stay by the Ice to see whether there is any more Whales to be had That night we fetched water from the Land near the Cookery of Harlingen out of a hole marked by b in the Plate C. On the 16th in the morning we saw the Moon and afterwards it was windy with abundance of snow On the 18th we had fair weather with Sun-shine and we were also becalmed that we could not sail wherefore we towed with a Boat into the Danish Harbour to gather some Herbs from the Rocks In the South-Haven rode 30 Ships at Anchor On the 19th we had warm Sun-shine and fair weather but in the night stormy and rain On the 20th storms rain and a great deal of snow the wind South-west On the 21th rain all day long CHAP. II. Of our home Voyage from Spitzbergen to the Elbe ON the 22th day of July in the morning when the Sun was North-east we waied our Anchors and sailed out of the South-Haven we had a fogg all day long and Sun-shine at night in the night we saw abundance of Fin-fishes On the 24th it was so warm with Sun-shine that the Tarr wherewith the Ship was daubed over melted we drove it being calm before the Haven or Bay of Magdalen On the 25th it was cloudy and Sun-shine but cold withal at night we came to the Forelands the night was foggy the wind South-west On the 26th we had the very same weather all day the Sun was very low in the night On the 28th we turned from the side of the North-Foreland towards the west when the Sun was South-east and we did sail South-west and by west towards the Sea then we changed our Course southwards and stood South-east On the 29th 30th and 31th we sailed South-east and by south all along by the Land the south side of the Foreland was 8 Leagues from us bearing North-east then we sailed South-west and by south it was very cold with a North-west wind We saw daily abundance of Fin-fishes but no more Whales On the 9th of August it was windy all day with a gloomy Sun-shine in the forenoon it cleared up towards noon the wind was South-east when we took the Meridian heighth of the Sun and were at 66 degrees 47 minutes we sailed South-westward all along the Northern shoar of the Country On the 13th being Sunday in the morning the wind was North-west stormy with rain and west winds In the night we had very clear Moon and Star-light In the morning we saw the northern part of Hitland we sailed southward after the rain we saw Fair-Isle and sailed in betwixt Hitland and Fair-Isle first South-west and afterwards South-west and by south and then southward On the 20th it was fair weather warm Sun-shine and somewhat windy When the day began to appear we saw Hilgeland South-eastward of us
when we sailed South-east there we took in a Pilot on purpose chosen by the Magistrates of Hamburg On the 29th it was fair weather and warm Sun-shine all day we sailed before the Elbe and lay at Anchor by the first Buoy called the Red-Buoy in the afternoon we weighed our Anchor and sailed to Kucks-Haven in the night we had thunder and lightning and rain The End of the first Part. THE SECOND PART OF THE VOYAGE TO SPITSBERGEN CONTAINING The Description of Spitzbergen CHAP. I. Of the External Face and Appearance of Spitsbergen It seemeth because the Ice stands firm and floats not as that in the Sea doth that there should be land not far behind it As the highest Countries are surrounded with Mountains as a Fortification is with Walls and Works so are these Countries naturally surrounded with high Hills The inward Condition of this Country we do not know but it seemeth since we see one Hill behind another that it is so throughout the whole Country At the Muscle-Haven or Muscle-Bay we find plainer and leveller Ground and the farther we sail toward the East the Ground groweth the lower yet it is all stony and with prospects of smaller Hills it doth not look at all as if it could be inhabited by Men. I believe also that the Land there must of necessity be lower and lower for else we should see it higher above the other as we do the other Mountains Concerning the Beasts that live on this Land I believe they come over the Ice in the Spring when the Ice stands firm into these Countries and that the same way they go away from thence again when the long nights begin Concerning the Birds we have partly a good account of them their places and food is known as I shall mention when I come to write of them When on the 18th of June on a Sunday in the forenoon we first came to the Foreland of Spitzbergen the foot of these Mountains looked like fire and the tops of them were coverwith foggs the snow was marbel'd and look'd as if it were boughs of branches of Trees and gave as bright and glorious a shining of gloss to the Air or Skies as if the Sun had shin'd When the Mountains look thus fiery a hard storm generally ensues These Countries are in the Winter encompassed with Ice from divers places according as the winds blow as if it be East from Nova Zembla if North-west form Greenland and the Island of John Mayen it also happeneth sometimes that the Land is begirt with Ice in the Summer as they have often seen that go thither every year But when the Ice comes floating on too hard or in too great a quantity then the Ships make to the Harbours Havens Bays or Rivers as they call them that run up into the Country the wind useth to receive us something unkindly when we sail into them roaring over the dry Hills with small Whirl-winds The water in these Rivers is salt We meet here with no fresh Streams or Rivolets nor did I ever see a Spring there Of some Rivers we know their beginning of others it cannot found out because of the danger of the Ice which they are never free from some because of the hidden Rocks underneath the water which are discovered by the vehement breaking of the Sea or by great quantity of white foam The Names of the Havens you find all in order one after another in the Map of Spitzbergen as far as we have been These Havens they reckon to be the safest viz. the Safe-Harbour and the South and North-Bay which are the most known of any in Spitzbergen The other Havens of what names soever we commonly sail by because they lye open to the Sea Others we pass by because of the constant Ice that is in them and the hidden Rocks In the South or North-Haven or Bay ride commonly the most Ships I told several times ten twenty nay thirty Ships that lay at Anchor as your may see in the Plates C and D marked with c and d. Concerning the Birds we see abundance more of them by and on the Land then among the Ice chiefly when they hatch their Eggs we do not find they make their Nest up with far-fetcht things neither do they gather any thing for them from Norway Schetland or the like The Seeds of several Herbs might grow in Spitzbergen but the Herbs nature hath bestowed on those Countries are such as are fit for the Diseases and Distempers that are common there We saw abundance of Sea-horses by Spitzbergen on the low Land and upon the Ice but we saw but very few Seales on the Ice thereabout The Country as is aforesaid is stony and quite throughout it are high Mountains and Rocks Below at the feet of the Mountains stand the Hills of Ice very high and reach to the tops of the Mountains the Cliffs are filled up with Snow wherefore these Snow-Mountains show very strange to those that never saw them before they appear like dry Trees with Branches and Twigs and when the Snow falleth upon them they get Leaves as it were which soon after melt and others come in the room of them There are seven large Ice-Mountains in a Line in these Countries that lye between the high Rocks which look of a glorious blew colour as also is the Ice with a great many cracks and Holes in them they are hollowed out melted away and cut in Groves by the rain and snow-water that runs down they are increased greatly by the Snow as the other Ice that swimmeth in the Sea is also they are augmented likewise by the melted Snow from the Rocks and from the Rain that falls on them These seven Mountains of Ice are esteemed to be the highest in the Country indeed they shewed very high as we sailed by them underneath the Snow look'd dark from the shades of the Skies which shewed very neat and curious with the blew cracks where the Ice was broken off About the middle of the Mountains some foggy Clouds hovered over above these the Snow was very bright The true Rocks look't fiery and the Sun shin'd pale upon them the Snow giving the Air a bright reflection They were covered with Clouds so that you could scarce see the tops of them Some of these Rocks are but one stone from the bottom to the top appearing like an old decayed Wall they smell very sweet as the green Fields do in our Country in the Spring when it rains See c c in the Plate C. The stones for the most part are vein'd differently like Marble with red white and yellow at the alteration of the weather the stones sweat and by that means the Snow is stained or coloured and also if it raineth much the water runs down by the Rocks and from thence the Snow is tinged red On the foot of the Mountains where no mounts of Ice stand lye great loose Rocks as they chance to be fall'n one upon the other with
Northerly Point they called Point Purchas there they found very many Islands which they thought not worthy to give Names to being careful only to take notice of those six or eight Harbours which were commodious for their Fishing On the East side they went no farther than 78 deg because the Dutch disturbed their Trading on that side There are also many Islands some of which are named as Hope-Island discovered in 1613 which may be that the Dutch call willoughby's-Willoughby's-land or John Mayen's Island though indeed it corresponds well to neither but rather to the later I belongeth to Greenland and is but a small Island and lies North-east and South-west whereas the Country Sir H. Willoughby landed upon was a large Countrey inasmuch as he sailed many days by the side of it and lies North and South which must be Greenland Edges-Island was discovered 1616 by Capt. T. Edge who had made that Voyage ten times Wyches-Island so called from a Gentleman of that Name was found out 1617 but there being nothing remarkable come to our knowledge concerning these we pass them over Only it is worth noting that both the Whale and Morss-fishing was known and practised 800 years ago as appears by the Relation which Octber the Norwegian made to his Lord Alfred King of England where he also saith that the Morsses were hunted for their Teeth which were mightily esteemed Cherry-Island when first discovered I know not but it received not its Name nor was known to be of any profit till 1603 when a Ship set out at the charges of Sir Francâ—â— Cherry touched upon it and found there some Lead and a Morsses Tooth but stayed not to fish because the year was too far spent However they called it in honour of Sir Francâ—s Cherry for whose use they took possession of it Cherry-Island In 1604. a Ship set sail Mr. Welden the Merchant and Stephen Bennet the Master from London April 15 and arrived at Cola in Lapland May I. They stayed in Lapland till July 1. and July 8 they came in sight of Cherry and they came to an Anchor on the South-south-east side but because of the Stream could not land so that they sailed round about the Isle and at length anchored two miles from the Shore Going on Land one of them with his 〈…〉 as many Fowl as almost laded their Boat July 9. they found on Shore nothing but store of Foxes that part of the Island was in 74 deg 45 min. July 10. they weighed Anchor and stood into another Bay and came to an Anchor in eight fathoms where they saw an incredible number of Morsses swimming in the Sea Coming to shore they espied a vast company of them lying on the Ground they shot at them with three Guns they carried with them but with all their Weapons they could kill but fifteen of above 1000 that lay there like Hogs huddling together on heaps but they found as many Teeth as filled an Hogshead Before the 13th they killed near 100 more making use only of their Teeth In 1605 the same persons went again arriving there July 2. They went on Shore and July 6. slew abundance of Morsses and not only with Shot as they did the year before but with Launces dexterously used directing them to certain places of their Bodies they began also to boil their Blubber and made eleven Tuns of Oyl five of their Bellies will yield one Hogshead and abundance of Teeth Here also they found a Lead-mine under Mount-misery and brought away about Thirty Tun of the Oar. In 1606. the same Ship with the same Persons was sent again and landed July 3 in 74 deg 55 min. where they stayed till the Ice was all cleared for the Morsses will not come to Shore till the Ice be all vanished where at one time in six hours they slew betwixt Seven and Eight Hundred Morsses and Two great 〈…〉 they made 22 Tuns of Oyl and 〈…〉 Hogsheads of Teeth In 1608. June 21 was so hot that the melted â—itch ran down the sides of their Ship 〈…〉 hours time they slew above 900 Morsses making 〈…〉 Tuns of Oyl and above 2 Hogsheads of Teeth besides 40 more They took alive into their Ship two young Morsses a Male and Female the Female died the Male lived ten weeks in England where they taught it many things In 1610 at another Voyage with two Ships they killed many Bears and saw divers young ones no bigger than young Lambs very gamesome and lusty they brought-two of them into England Much Fowl also they slew and many Seals and June 15 set up an Ensign in token of possession of the Island for the Muscovia Company in Gull Island they found three Lead mines and a Coal-mine on the North side of the Island Three Ships more also came to fish at Cherry-Island they killed 500 Morsses at one time at other times near 300 more one Man killing 40 with his Launce at one days hunting The Morss Walrush Horse-whale Rosmarus or Sea-horse for so he is by the Ancients often called though of late they have discovered another Fish not unlike him with streight Teeth which they call the Sea-horse hath a Skin like a Sea-calf with short and sad yellow Fur a Mouth like a Lion if any hardly discernable Ears yet they hear well and are frighted with noise which also is said of the Whale that he is driven away with the sound of a Trumpet large Breast short Thighs four Feet and upon each Foot five Toes with short sharp Nails with which they climb the Ice and as large as a great Ox having a great semicircular Tusk growing on each side of their upper Jaw which are very much valued especially by the Northern People partly for their uses in Medicines as to make Cramp-rings which they make also of the Bristles upon his Cheeks to resist Poison and other malignant Diseases wherein they are at least equal to that called the Unicorn's Horn but more for their Beautry which is equal to if not surpassing Ivory The heaviness of it makes it much sought after for Handles of Swords Their Skins being dressed are thicker than two Ox-hides yet light and excellent to make Targets against Darts and Arrows of the Savages They feed upon Fish and Herbs and sleep if there be Ice upon that where if surprized the female casts her young ones of which she hath commonly two at a time into the Sea and her self after them swimming away with them in her Arms and if provoked after she hath secured them returning many times to set upon the Boat into which if she can fasten her Teeth she will easily sink it But if they be farther from the Water they all arise up together and with their weight and force falling upon the Ice endeavour to break it as they did when surprized by Jonas Pool 1610 where himself and divers of his Men escaped drowning very narrowly one of them being in the Sea the Morsses
resemble the Samoieds and Laplanders They are very active and strong yet could some of our English run swifter and leap farther than any of them but they were hard enough for any of ours at wrastling They are also very couragious and sometimes desperate for rather than be taken by our Men they would throw themselves down the Rocks and Mountains Extreamly thievish treacherous and revengeful they proved nor could any kindness or fair-dealing win them but as true Barbarians never omitted any opportunity of fulfilling their Desires they would steal when they saw the Mariners look upon them After they had been well used and treated at their Tables they would shoot at sling Stones wound and kill our Men if they could Yet are they apprehensive enough and quickly conceive yours and express their own meaning If they had not seen what was asked them they winked or cover'd their Eyes if they understood not stopt their Ears and the like They delight exceedingly in Musick to which they would keep time both with their voice hands and feet wonderful also affectionate one to another and to their Country In one Voyage there went a Danish Mariner with black hair flat nos'd and other though not very exact resemblances of a Gronelander as soon as they saw him they came about him kissed him hung upon him and shewed to him all possible demonstrations of Kindness and Affection And those who were in Denmark never enjoy'd themselves nor had any content but continually pined away and languish'd with Discontent for their condition and love of their country Their Religion such as it is seems to be unto the Sun for when our People invited them to conversation bartering c. they held up their hands towards the Sun and cried â—otan nor would they come near us till our men had done the like But John Munck and divers others having gone farther into the country found images such as we make of Devils with horns beaks claws cloven feet c very ill made Altars also and quantities of Bones of Beasts as of Deer Foxes Dogs and the like near unto them They seem also as all Idolaters given to Enchantments and Sorceries Our men have seen them lying flat upon the Earth and muttering their Prayers or Charms into the Ground worshiping the Devil whose proper habitation they conceive to be under them In some Diseases they tye a stick to a great stone to which they pay their Devotions and if they can lift it up easily and lightly they think their Prayers are heard and Recovery granted In Winter they retire from the Sea side unto the warmer Valleys where they have their Houses and Towns which are commonly Caves at the foot of an hill round like an Oven close to one another and passage in the inner parts from one to another their Doors which are low and round open to the south and they dig trenches also to draw away the water that falls or drains from the hill The entrance and some part of their house stands without the cave which they frame very handsomly and commodiously of the ribs of Whales join'd artificially at the top and cover'd with Seals skins They raise also one part of their floor higher than another which they strow with moss to sleep upon But in their fishing-time they have Tents which they remove from place to place in their larger Boats They set up four Poles and cover them with Skins which serves very well in summer when fishing is done they return with them to their Houses Their manner of bartering is to make two heaps one of such things as they desire the other of what they would part with and they cease not to take away from the one or other till the Trade is ballanced The chiefest things of our which they valued were Knives Needles little pieces of â—oon Looking glasses c. for these they would sell their Bâ—wg and Arrows their Boaid and sâ—rip bhem sewes of their Clothes but never like some other Barbarians sell their Wives and Children Their clothing is either of Birds-skins with the Feathers and Down upon them or Seals Dogfish or the like Seals they use most in their fishing because that fish there abounds and are easily deceived by seeing one clad in their own Livery besides that these kind of Furs are not so apt to be wet though dip'd in Water They wear the hair sides outward in summer inward in winter and in great colds carry two or more suits one upon another They dress their Skins very well making them dry soft and durable and sow them also very strong with Sinews of Beasts and Needles made of Fish-bones But in nothing do they shew so much Art as in their Boats or Canoes They are made of that we call Whalebone about in inch thick and broad and these not set like ribs but all along from prow to poop fast sowed to one another with strong Sinews and covered over with Seals-skin They are from ten to twenty foot long and about two foot broad made like a Weaver's Shutle sharp at both ends so that he can row either way and in making this pointedness they are of all things most curious for therein consists the strength of their Vessel In the middle of it are the ribs both to keep the sides asunder and to make the hole in the covering wherein the Rower sits They have a deck made of the same materials which is closely fasten'd to the sides in the midst whereof is a round hole as big as the middle of a Man so that when he goes to Sea he sets himself in that hole stretching out his feet forward into the hollow of the Boat he stops up the hole so close with his frock or loose upper garment that no water can enter tho' it were in the bottom of the Sea His frock is strait tyed at the hand-wrists and to his neck and his capouch sowed also close to it so that if the Boat be overturned or overwhelmed in the Sea he rises up again without any wet either upon his Skin or in his Boat They have but one Oar which is about six foot long with a paddle six inches broad at either end this serves him both to ballance his Boat and move it which he doth with that incredible scelerity that one of our Boats with ten Oars is not able to keep company with them The Danish relation saith that they rowed so swift that they even dazled the Eyes of the Spectators and tho' they crossed frequently yet never interfered or hit one another Their fishing ordinarily is darting their darts are long strongly barbed and at the other end have Bladders fastened to them that when they have struck the Fish he may spend himself with strugling to get under water which yet he cannot do and so is easily taken Besides these they have greater Boats for the removing their Tents and other Utensils as also to carry their Fish they have caught to their Houses these are thirty and forty foot long and have sometimes ten and sometimes more seats for Rowers Cardinal Bembus in his Venetian History saith that in his time one of these with seven Persons in it was by storm cast upon the coast of Britany I know not whether it be worth mentioning that they have Kettles and Pans made of Stone some say of Loadstone that endures the fire wonderfully but not having tools fit to hollow them sufficiently they make up the edges of Whalebone FREESLAND or FRISELAND LIeth in 60 deg more westerly than any part of Europe distant from Iseland leagues It is reported in bigness not to be much lesser than England a ragged and high land the mountains cover'd with snow and the coast so full of drift Ice that it is almost inaccessible It was first discovered to us by Nicolao and Antonio Zani two Venetian Gentlemen that were here shipwrack'd They describe the Inhabitants to be good Christians very civil and to be governed by a great Lord whose Name was Zichmay whose mighty conquests and strange accidents may be read in Hackluit It is not our business to write or repeat Romances Those men whom our Seamen touching there accidently saw were like in all things to the Gronelanders both in features of body and manner of living as much as they could judge so like that many of them thought it continued to Groneland in which opinion also they were confirm'd by the multitudes of the Islands of ice which coming from the north argued land to be that way for many of our Mariners hold that salt water doth not freeze but that all the Ice they find in the Sea comes from the Bays and mouths of fresh-water Rivers for the ice it self is sweet and fresh being dissolved and serves to all purposes as well as Spring or River water Besides the salt Sea they say is always in motion and so cannot freeze But the Dutch who winter'd in Nova Zembla took notice that the salt water freez'd and that two inches thick in one night There seems to be good fishing every where upon the coast In their soundings they brought up a sort of pale Coral and little Stones clear as Crystal They call'd it West England and one of the highest mountains they called Charing-Cross THE END Northern Islands Hope-Island Edges-Island Wyches-Island Cherry-Island Morss-fishing Morsses The Name and Situation Ancient Discoveries By the Norwegians Later Discoveries by the English Sir Martin Frobisher Sir Hum. Gilbert Mr. Daviâ— Mr. Hudson James Hall Mr. Baffin By the Danes Gronelanders in Denmark The Soil c. of Groneland Beasts Fishes Fowls Of the North light Division of the Country Inhabitants Their Cloathing Their Boats Their Fishing Its Discoveries