Selected quad for the lemma: land_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
land_n	lease_n	let_v	rent_n	1,379	5	10.1717	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A87184	The compleat husband-man: or, A discourse of the whole art of husbandry; both forraign and domestick. Wherein many rare and most hidden secrets, and experiments are laid open to the view of all, for the enriching of these nations. Unto which is added A particular discourse of the naturall history and hubandry [sic] of Ireland. By Samuel Hartlib, Esq.	Hartlib, Samuel, d. 1662.; Dymock, Cressy.; Child, Robert, ca. 1612-1654, attributed name.; Weston, Richard, Sir, 1591-1652. Discours of husbandrie used in Brabant and Flanders.; Hartlib, Samuel, d. 1662.	1659 (1659)	Wing H980; Thomason E979_10; ESTC R207715	107,974	155

the_o complete_a husbandman_n or_o a_o discourse_n of_o the_o whole_a art_n of_o husbandry_n both_o foreign_a and_o domestic_a wherein_o many_o rare_a and_o most_o hide_a secret_n and_o experiment_n be_v lay_v open_a to_o the_o view_n of_o all_o for_o the_o enrich_n of_o these_o nation_n unto_o which_o be_v add_v a_o particular_a discourse_n of_o the_o natural_a history_n and_o hubandry_n of_o ireland_n by_o samuel_n hartlib_n esq_n london_n print_v and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v by_o edward_n brewster_n at_o the_o crane_n in_o paul_n churchyard_n 1659._o to_o the_o reader_n courteaus_a reader_n the_o discourse_n which_o i_o do_v former_o publish_v concern_v the_o brabant-husbandry_n be_v somewhat_o imperfect_a nor_o be_v the_o author_n thereof_o then_o know_v unto_o i_o but_o since_o i_o have_v learn_v who_o the_o author_n be_v i_o have_v also_o light_v upon_o a_o more_o perfect_a copy_n which_o i_o intend_v to_o offer_v to_o the_o public_a in_o a_o second_o edition_n that_o such_o as_o have_v entertain_v that_o first_o offer_n with_o like_n and_o acceptance_n may_v find_v the_o benefit_n of_o a_o clear_a and_o full_a satisfaction_n in_o that_o which_o shall_v further_o be_v impart_v unto_o they_o and_o to_o the_o end_n that_o ingenuity_n and_o industry_n may_v want_v no_o encouragement_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n accept_v of_o these_o enlargement_n upon_o the_o same_o subject_a wherein_o you_o will_v find_v diverse_a other_o way_n and_o no_o less_o if_o not_o more_o profitable_a then_o that_o which_o be_v leave_v by_o sir_n richard_n weston_n the_o author_n of_o the_o brabant-husbandry_n as_o a_o legacy_n to_o his_o son_n who_o introduction_n to_o that_o discourse_n i_o have_v here_o premise_v to_o this_o to_o bespeak_v thou_o in_o his_o word_n to_o his_o son_n and_o to_o gain_v thy_o affection_n more_o full_o to_o these_o way_n of_o advantage_v both_o thyself_o and_o the_o public_a and_o i_o can_v wish_v that_o god_n will_v put_v it_o in_o the_o heart_n of_o those_o worthy_n that_o manage_v the_o public_a trust_n that_o by_o their_o influence_n and_o authority_n these_o and_o such_o like_a mean_n of_o industry_n may_v not_o be_v leave_v whole_o to_o the_o uncertain_a disorderly_a &_o lazy_a undertake_n of_o private_a man_n so_o as_o not_o to_o have_v a_o eye_n over_o they_o and_o over_o that_o which_o in_o their_o proceed_n do_v so_o main_o appear_v to_o be_v a_o public_a concernment_n therefore_o let_v we_o all_o join_v to_o entreat_v and_o petition_v they_o that_o in_o order_n to_o the_o public_a and_o general_n welfare_n of_o this_o commonwealth_n these_o two_o thing_n at_o least_o may_v be_v think_v upon_o and_o settle_v 1_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o know_a untowardnes_n of_o the_o major_a part_n of_o the_o people_n who_o be_v wonderful_o wed_v to_o old_a custom_n be_v not_o easy_o win_v to_o any_o new_a course_n though_o never_o so_o much_o to_o their_o own_o profit_n that_o two_o or_o more_o fit_a person_n of_o approve_a skill_n and_o integrity_n may_v be_v make_v public_a steward_n or_o surveyor_n one_o of_o the_o husbandry_n the_o othet_n of_o the_o wood_n of_o this_o commonwealth_n and_o impower_v to_o oversee_v and_o take_v care_n of_o the_o preservation_n of_o what_o be_v and_o by_o all_o good_a improvement_n to_o procure_v and_o provide_v for_o what_o be_v want_v to_o the_o present_a age_n and_o except_o some_o such_o expedient_n be_v use_v it_o be_v more_o than_o likely_a will_v be_v want_v to_o succeed_a age_n 2_o that_o according_a to_o the_o usual_a custom_n of_o flaunders_n a_o law_n may_v be_v make_v of_o let_v and_o hire_v lease_n upon_o improvement_n where_o the_o manner_n be_v that_o the_o farmer_n covenant_v on_o his_o part_n to_o improve_v the_o land_n to_o such_o or_o such_o a_o great_a rent_n by_o a_o orderly_a and_o excellent_a management_n of_o husbandry_n as_o well_o as_o build_n the_o landlord_n on_o the_o other_o side_n covenant_v on_o his_o part_n at_o the_o expiration_n of_o the_o say_a lease_n to_o give_v so_o many_o year_n purchase_v of_o the_o improvement_n according_a to_o the_o agreement_n which_o be_v 3_o or_o 4_o year_n or_o sometime_o more_o or_o to_o give_v out_o of_o it_o such_o a_o parcel_n or_o moiety_n of_o ground_n as_o if_o land_n former_o go_v for_o 6._o s_o a_o acre_n be_v upon_o improvement_n worth_a 10._o s_o or_o 13._o s_o 4._o d_o a_o acre_n the_o landlord_n be_v to_o give_v 4._o or_o 5._o s_o upon_o every_o acre_n more_o or_o less_o according_a to_o the_o agreement_n if_o it_o please_v god_n to_o bless_v these_o motion_n and_o that_o according_o the_o national_n husbandry_n of_o this_o commonwealth_n be_v improve_v we_o may_v hope_v through_o god_n blessing_n to_o see_v better_a day_n and_o to_o be_v able_a to_o bear_v necessary_a and_o public_a burden_n with_o more_o ease_n to_o ourselves_o and_o benefit_n to_o humane_a society_n then_o hitherto_o we_o can_v attain_v unto_o which_o more_a and_o more_o to_o advance_v in_o reference_n to_o a_o public_a and_o universal_a interest_n as_o subordinate_a to_o high_a thing_n and_o which_o though_o less_o visible_a and_o sensible_a be_v more_o permanent_a and_o to_o true_o rational_a and_o spiritual_a husbandman_n as_o perceptible_a shall_v be_v the_o uncessant_a prayer_n and_o endeavour_n of_o thy_o faithful_a servant_n samuel_n hartlib_n sir_n richard_n weston_n late_o of_o sutton_n in_o the_o county_n of_o surrey_n his_o legacy_n to_o his_o son_n etc._n etc._n anno_fw-la dom._n 1645._o my_o son_n i_o have_v leave_v this_o short_a ensue_a treatise_n to_o you_o as_o a_o legacy_n if_o i_o shall_v not_o live_v myself_o to_o show_v you_o what_o therein_o be_v write_v by_o example_n which_o i_o know_v instruct_v far_o more_o than_o precept_n yet_o precept_n from_o a_o die_a father_n instruct_v of_o his_o child_n what_o he_o have_v see_v and_o know_v and_o receive_v information_n of_o from_o witness_n free_a from_o all_o exception_n shall_v make_v such_o a_o impression_n on_o they_o as_o at_o least_o to_o believe_v their_o father_n write_v what_o he_o think_v be_v true_a and_o therefore_o suppose_v those_o thing_n worthy_a to_o be_v put_v in_o practice_n by_o they_o which_o he_o himself_o will_v have_v do_v if_o it_o have_v please_v god_n to_o have_v grant_v he_o life_n and_o liberty_n especial_o see_v the_o matter_n itself_o which_o be_v require_v by_o he_o to_o be_v do_v be_v in_o show_v so_o profitable_a and_o so_o easy_a to_o be_v effect_v &_o with_o so_o little_a charge_n consider_v the_o great_a gain_n that_o be_v propose_v by_o it_o that_o not_o any_o thing_n can_v restrain_v a_o rational_a man_n from_o trial_n thereof_o but_o not_o give_v credit_n to_o the_o relator_n the_o whole_a discourse_n show_v you_o how_o to_o improve_v barren_a &_o heathy_a land_n &_o how_o to_o raise_v more_o than_o ordinary_a profit_n thereof_o by_o such_o way_n and_o mean_n as_o be_v not_o practise_v in_o england_n but_o as_o common_o in_o some_o part_n of_o brabant_n &_o flaunders_n as_o the_o husbandry_n of_o wheat_n &_o rye_n be_v here_o by_o that_o mean_v you_o may_v noble_o augment_v your_o estate_n and_o will_v receive_v so_o much_o the_o more_o profit_n &_o praise_n by_o how_o with_o more_o industry_n &_o diligence_n you_o govern_v your_o affair_n and_o will_v not_o only_o be_v imitate_v but_o also_o honour_v by_o your_o neighbour_n when_o they_o shall_v see_v your_o labour_n prosper_v so_o far_o as_o to_o convert_v barren_a &_o heathy_a ground_n leave_v un-husbanded_n for_o many_o age_n into_z as_o commodious_a arable_a land_n with_o pasture_n and_o meadow_n as_o any_o be_v in_o this_o kingdom_n and_o certain_o that_o man_n be_v worthy_a of_o praise_n and_o honour_n who_o be_v possess_v of_o a_o large_a &_o barren_a demean_v constrain_v it_o by_o his_o labour_n and_o industry_n to_o produce_v extraordinary_a fruit_n which_o redound_v not_o only_o to_o his_o own_o particular_a profit_n but_o also_o to_o the_o public_a benefit_n cato_n say_v it_o be_v a_o great_a shame_n to_o a_o man_n not_o to_o leave_v his_o inheritance_n great_a to_o his_o successor_n then_o he_o receive_v it_o from_o his_o predecessor_n and_o that_o he_o despise_v the_o liberality_n of_o god_n who_o by_o slothfulness_n lose_v that_o which_o his_o land_n may_v bring_v forth_o as_o not_o seem_v willing_a to_o reap_v the_o fruit_n which_o god_n have_v offer_v he_o nay_o he_o threaten_v the_o crime_n of_o high_a treason_n to_o those_o that_o do_v not_o augment_v their_o patrimony_n so_o much_o as_o the_o increase_n surmount_v the_o principal_a it_o be_v a_o thing_n much_o celebrate_v by_o antiquity_n &_o think_v the_o noble_a way_n to_o gather_v wealth_n for_o to_o employ_v one_o wit_n &_o money_n upon_o his_o land_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n to_o augment_v his_o estate_n if_o you_o observe_v the_o common_a

peculiar_a propriety_n to_o every_o kind_n of_o earth_n to_o produce_v some_o peculiar_a kind_n of_o plant_n which_o it_o will_v observe_v even_o to_o the_o world_n end_n unless_o by_o dung_n marle_n chalk_n you_o alter_v even_o the_o very_a nature_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o gallitia_n in_o spain_n where_o such_o barren_a land_n do_v very_o much_o abound_v they_o do_v thus_o first_o they_o grub_n they_o up_o as_o clean_a as_o they_o can_v of_o the_o great_a root_n and_o branch_n they_o make_v firewood_n the_o small_a stick_n be_v either_o employ_v in_o fence_v or_o else_o be_v burn_v on_o the_o ground_n afterward_o the_o land_n be_v plough_v twice_o at_o least_o they_o sow_v wheat_n and_o usual_o the_o crop_n be_v great_a which_o the_o landlord_n and_o tenant_n divide_v according_a to_o a_o compact_n then_o the_o ground_n rest_v and_o in_o 3_o or_o 4_o year_n the_o furze_n or_o broom_n will_v recover_v their_o former_a growth_n which_o the_o painful_a husbandman_n grub_v and_o do_v with_o it_o as_o former_o i_o set_v this_o down_o that_o you_o may_v see_v how_o laborious_a the_o spaniard_n be_v in_o some_o place_n the_o poverty_n of_o the_o country_n compel_v he_o to_o it_o 7_o there_o be_v other_o inconvenience_n in_o land_n beside_o weed_n and_o trumpery_n viz._n ill_a tenor_n as_o copyhold_a knight-service_n etc._n etc._n so_o that_o the_o possessor_n can_v cut_v any_o timber_n down_o without_o consent_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o when_o he_o die_v must_v pay_v one_o or_o two_o year_n rent_n but_o these_o be_v not_o in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o poor_a husbandman_n to_o remedy_n i_o therefore_o pass_v they_o by_o yet_o hope_v that_o in_o little_a time_n we_o shall_v see_v these_o inconvenience_n remedy_v because_o they_o much_o discourage_v improvement_n and_o be_v as_o i_o suppose_v badge_n of_o our_o norman_a slavery_n to_o conclude_v it_o seem_v to_o i_o very_o reasonable_a and_o it_o will_v be_v a_o great_a encouragement_n to_o laborious_a man_n to_o improve_v their_o barren_a land_n if_o that_o they_o shall_v have_v recompense_n for_o what_o they_o have_v do_v according_a as_o indifferent_a man_n shall_v judge_v when_o they_o leave_v it_o as_o be_v the_o custom_n in_o flaunders_n i_o have_v likewise_o observe_v some_o deficiency_n in_o wood_n wood_n which_o i_o shall_v brief_o declare_v with_o the_o best_a way_n to_o remedy_n the_o same_o 1_o it_o be_v a_o great_a fault_n that_o general_o through_o the_o island_n the_o wood_n be_v destroy_v so_o that_o we_o be_v in_o many_o place_n very_o much_o necessitate_v both_o for_o fuel_n &_o also_o for_o timber_n for_o building_n and_o other_o use_n so_o that_o if_o we_o have_v not_o coal_n from_o newcastle_n and_o board_n from_o norwey_n plough-stave_n and_o pipe-stave_n from_o prussia_n we_o shall_v be_v bring_v to_o great_a extremity_n and_o many_o mechanickes_n will_v be_v necessitate_v to_o leave_v their_o calling_n 2_o deficiency_n be_v that_o our_o wood_n be_v not_o order_v as_o they_o shall_v be_v but_o though_o wood_n be_v especial_o preserve_v for_o timber_n for_o building_n and_o ship_n yet_o at_o this_o time_n it_o be_v very_o rare_a to_o see_v a_o good_a timber-tree_n in_o a_o wood._n 3_o that_o many_o of_o our_o wood_n be_v very_o thin_a and_o not_o replenish_v with_o such_o sort_n of_o wood_n as_o be_v convenient_a for_o the_o place_n 4_o that_o we_o sell_v continual_o and_o never_o plant_v or_o take_v care_n for_o posterity_n these_o deficiency_n may_v be_v thus_o remedy_v 1_o to_o put_v in_o execution_n the_o statute_n against_o grub_v of_o wood_n which_o be_v sufficient_o severe_a it_o be_v well_o know_v we_o have_v good_a law_n but_o it_o be_v better_o know_v they_o be_v not_o execute_v in_o the_o wild_a of_o kent_n and_o sussex_n which_o lie_v far_o from_o the_o river_n and_o sea_n and_o former_o have_v be_v nothing_o but_o wood_n liberty_n be_v grant_v for_o man_n to_o grub_v what_o they_o please_v for_o they_o can_v want_v fire_v for_o themselves_o and_o they_o be_v so_o seat_v that_o neither_o firewood_n nor_o timber_n can_v be_v transport_v elsewhere_o i_o know_v a_o gentleman_n who_o proffer_v their_o good_a oak-timber_n at_o 6_o s_z 8_o d_o per_fw-mi tun_n and_o the_o land_n in_o those_o part_n in_o general_n be_v very_o good_a about_o tunbridge_n there_o be_v land_n which_o former_o be_v wood_n be_v now_o let_v for_o 30_o s_o per_fw-la be_v so_o that_o to_o keep_v such_o land_n for_o wood_n will_v be_v both_o loss_n to_o the_o owner_n and_o to_o the_o island_n but_o in_o other_o part_n of_o the_o island_n it_o be_v otherwise_o and_o man_n be_v much_o to_o be_v blame_v for_o destroy_v both_o timber_n and_o fuel_n i_o have_v see_v at_o shooters-hill_n near_o london_n some_o wood_n stub_a up_o which_o be_v good_a ground_n for_o wood_n but_o now_o be_v nothing_o but_o furze_n which_o be_v a_o great_a loss_n both_o to_o the_o owner_n and_o to_o the_o country_n for_o the_o land_n be_v make_v worse_o than_o it_o be_v former_o i_o conceive_v there_o be_v land_n which_o be_v as_o natural_o ordain_v for_o wood_n viz._n mountainous_a craggy_a uneven_a land_n as_o small_a hill_n for_o the_o vine_n and_o olive_n plain_a land_n for_o corn_n and_o low_o moist_a land_n for_o pasture_n which_o land_n if_o they_o be_v stub_a do_v much_o prejudice_n the_o commonwealth_n 2_o that_o all_o wood_n shall_v have_v such_o a_o number_n of_o timber-tree_n per_fw-la acre_n according_a to_o the_o statute_n there_o be_v a_o good_a law_n for_o that_o purpose_n but_o man_n delude_v both_o themselves_o and_o the_o law_n that_o they_o every_o fell_v cut_v down_o the_o stander_n which_o they_o leave_v the_o foll_n before_o lest_o perchance_o they_o shall_v grow_v to_o be_v timber_n and_o leave_v 12_o small_a stander_n that_o they_o may_v seem_v to_o fulfil_v in_o some_o measure_n the_o statute_n but_o it_o be_v a_o mere_a fallacy_n and_o cause_v the_o statute_n to_o fail_v of_o its_o principal_a end_n which_o be_v to_o preserve_v timber_n 3_o the_o best_a remedy_n against_o thinness_n of_o wood_n be_v to_o plash_n they_o and_o spread_v they_o abroad_o and_o cover_v they_o partly_o in_o the_o ground_n as_o every_o countryman_n can_v direct_v by_o this_o mean_v the_o wood_n will_v soon_o grow_v rough_a and_o thick_a it_o be_v good_a husbandry_n likewise_o to_o fill_v your_o wood_n with_o swift_a grower_n as_o ash_n sallow_a willow_n asp_n which_o be_v also_o good_a for_o hop-pole_n hoop_n sycamore_n be_v also_o a_o swift_a grower_n in_o flaunders_n they_o have_v a_o kind_n of_o salix_fw-la call_v by_o they_o abell-tree_n which_o speedliy_v grow_v to_o be_v timber_n 4_o that_o some_o law_n be_v make_v that_o they_o which_o fall_v shall_v also_o plant_v or_o sow_v in_o biscay_n there_o be_v a_o law_n if_o that_o any_o cut_v down_o a_o timber-tree_n he_o must_v plant_v three_o for_o it_o which_o law_n be_v put_v into_o execution_n with_o severity_n otherwise_o they_o will_v soon_o be_v undo_v for_o the_o country_n be_v very_o mountainous_a and_o barren_a and_o depend_v whole_o on_o iron_n mine_n and_o on_o ship_n their_o wood_n be_v not_o copse_v there_o but_o only_o pollard_n which_o they_o lop_v when_o occasion_n serve_v i_o know_v one_o who_o be_v bind_v by_o his_o landlord_n to_o plant_v so_o many_o tree_n yearly_a which_o according_a he_o do_v but_o always_o in_o such_o place_n that_o they_o may_v not_o grow_v in_o france_n near_o to_o the_o border_n of_o spain_n they_o sow_v ashkey_n which_o when_o they_o grow_v to_o such_o a_o greatness_n that_o they_o may_v be_v slit_v into_o four_o quarter_n and_o big_a enough_o to_o make_v pike_n than_o they_o cut_v they_o down_o and_o i_o have_v see_v divers_a acre_n together_o thus_o plant_v hence_o come_v the_o excellent_a pikss_n call_v spanish-pike_n some_o gentleman_n have_v sow_v acorn_n and_o it_o be_v a_o good_a way_n to_o increase_v wood_n though_o the_o time_n be_v long_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o every_o one_o know_v that_o it_o be_v excellent_a to_o plant_v willow_n along_o the_o water_n side_n and_o ash_n nigh_o their_o house_n for_o fire_v for_o they_o be_v good_a piece_n of_o husbandry_n and_o it_o be_v pity_n that_o it_o be_v not_o more_o put_v in_o practice_n there_o be_v a_o gentleman_n in_o essex_n who_o have_v plant_v so_o many_o willow_n that_o he_o may_v lop_v 2000_o every_o year_n if_o other_o be_v as_o ingenious_a we_o shall_v not_o want_v firewood_n osier_n plant_v in_o low_a morish_a ground_n do_v advance_v land_n from_o 5_o s_o per_fw-la acre_n to_o 40_o s_o 50_o s_o 3_o l_o and_o upward_a it_o be_v much_o use_v westward_o of_o london_n these_o osier_n be_v of_o great_a use_n to_o basket-maker_n there_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o small_a osier_n or_o willow_n at_o saint_n omars_n in_o

fire-stone_n because_o that_o they_o will_v endure_v strong_a fire_n and_o therefore_o fit_a for_o iron_n furnace_n and_o this_o propriety_n these_o soft_a stone_n have_v that_o when_o they_o be_v white_a hot_a a_o steel_n instrument_n will_v scarce_o touch_v they_o to_o hurt_v they_o alabaster_n be_v find_v at_o burton_n on_o the_o trent_n and_o in_o staffordshire_n and_o a_o titbury-castle_n excellent_a marble_n at_o snothil_n in_o hereford-shire_n a_o course_n marble_n near_o oxford_n in_o kent_n also_o at_o purbrick_n in_o dorsetshire_n millstone_n in_o anglesey_n in_o flintshire_n darbyshire_n lime-stone_n chalk_v in_o very_a many_o place_n for_o divers_a use_n allum-stone_n be_v find_v in_o anglesey_n but_o especial_o at_o gisborrow_n in_o yorkshire_n where_o the_o alum_n work_n be_v which_o serve_v this_o island_n lapis_n claminaris_n be_v late_o find_v in_o somersetshire_n by_o the_o which_o copper_n be_v make_v brass_n manganese_n for_o those_o that_o make_v white_a glass_n late_o find_v in_o the_o north_n the_o best_a emery_n for_o pollish_v iron_n in_o jersey_n plaster_n at_o knaresborough_n black-will_n lead_v in_o cumberland_n and_o no_o where_o else_o in_o europe_n there_o be_v a_o stone_n in_o durham_n out_o of_o which_o they_o make_v salt_n diamond_n be_v find_v about_o bristol_n and_o cornwall_n very_o large_a but_o soft_a there_o be_v a_o stone_n near_o beaver_n castle_n like_o a_o star_n in_o yorkshire_n another_o like_o a_o serpent_n petrefied_a and_o also_o other_o stone_n round_o like_a bullet_n which_o be_v break_v have_v as_o it_o be_v a_o serpent_n in_o they_o without_o a_o head_n etc._n etc._n 6._o of_o all_o mineral_n and_o metal_n ironstone_n be_v find_v almost_o in_o every_o county_n and_o be_v profitable_a where_o wood_n be_v plentiful_a the_o best_a be_v find_v in_o lancashire_n one_o load_n and_o a_o half_a make_v a_o tun_n of_o iron_n it_o have_v be_v transport_v into_o ireland_n to_o mix_v with_o poor_a mine_n in_o richard_n the_o 2._o time_n a_o copper-mine_a be_v find_v in_o wenlock_n in_o shrop-shire_n but_o exhaust_v in_o queen_n elizabeth_n day_n one_o be_v find_v at_o keswick_n in_o cumberland_n and_o late_o in_o stafford_n shire_n yorkshire_n and_o near_a barstable_n in_o devon-shire_n on_o which_o some_o gentleman_n intend_v speedy_o to_o work_v lead_n be_v find_v in_o durham-wall_n and_o devonshire_n brimstone_n in_o yorkshire_n and_o wales_n antymony_n in_o staffordshire_n a_o silver_n i_o in_o cardiganshire_n a_o gold_n i_o be_v discover_v in_o scotland_n in_o king_n james_n his_o time_n and_o many_o rich_a mine_n may_v be_v discover_v in_o england_n if_o that_o the_o king_n prerogative_n which_o be_v to_o take_v all_o royal_a mine_n to_o himself_o viz._n silver_n gold_n and_o copper_n be_v so_o certain_o abolish_v that_o they_o which_o shall_v find_v these_o metal_n in_o their_o own_o land_n may_v safe_o dig_v they_o but_o some_o will_v object_v and_o say_v that_o many_o thing_n be_v of_o little_a worth_n and_o profit_n to_o these_o i_o answer_v that_o god_n have_v make_v nothing_o in_o vain_a every_o thing_n have_v his_o peculiar_a use_n and_o though_o some_o thing_n seem_v to_o be_v of_o little_a worth_n and_o contemptible_a as_o sand_n loame_n chalk_n yet_o it_o have_v please_v the_o wise_a creator_n to_o make_v these_o thing_n very_o necessary_a for_o man_n comfortable_a subsistence_n which_o they_o that_o want_v these_o thing_n can_v testify_v as_o for_o example_n in_o new-england_n where_o there_o be_v no_o chalk_n nor_o limestone_n they_o be_v compel_v to_o burn_v oyster-shell_n cockle_n to_o make_v lime_n or_o else_o they_o can_v hardly_o build_v any_o house_n the_o like_a i_o may_v say_v of_o sand_n and_o loam_n in_o divers_a place_n where_o they_o be_v want_v 2._o i_o say_v that_o most_o of_o those_o thing_n i_o have_v speak_v of_o be_v very_o profitable_a in_o one_o place_n or_o other_o to_o instance_n in_o some_o of_o the_o mean_a sort_n at_o london_n brick-man_n give_v 50_o l_o per_fw-la acre_n only_o for_o loam_n to_o make_v brick_n and_o pay_v 3_o l_o per_fw-la acre_n of_o yearly_a rent_n and_o be_v to_o leave_v the_o land_n worth_n the_o same_o yearly_a rent_n likewise_o i_o know_v a_o chalk_n cliff_n in_o kent_n not_o two_o acre_n of_o ground_n value_v at_o many_o 100_o l_o and_o that_o one_o colum_n of_o chalk_n which_o be_v 10._o foot_n square_a be_v value_v at_o 40_o or_o 50_o l_o at_o 8_o d_o per_fw-la load_n the_o ochre_n mine_n of_o oxford_n and_o gloucestershire_n be_v of_o great_a value_n and_o so_o will_v other_o of_o that_o kind_n if_o they_o can_v be_v find_v so_o be_v the_o black-lead_a mine_n also_o the_o pit_n of_o clay_n marle_n coale_n turf_n etc._n etc._n and_o therefore_o i_o desire_v all_o countryman_n to_o endeavour_v to_o know_v all_o sort_n of_o stone_n clayes_n earth_n oar_n and_o to_o teach_v their_o child_n the_o use_n of_o they_o that_o they_o may_v know_v that_o this_o sand_n be_v for_o building_n this_o loam_n for_o brick_n this_o clay_n for_o pot_n this_o marl_n for_o corn-land_n and_o if_o that_o they_o shall_v find_v any_o stone_n earth_n which_o they_o know_v not_o that_o they_o will_v lay_v they_o up_o till_o that_o they_o meet_v with_o some_o ingenious_a man_n that_o can_v inform_v they_o the_o rich_a mine_n of_o the_o world_n have_v be_v find_v out_o by_o these_o mean_n if_o we_o will_v believe_v history_n and_o this_o i_o be_o sure_a of_o that_o by_o this_o mean_n they_o may_v much_o advance_v their_o knowledge_n and_o be_v more_o profitable_a to_o the_o public_a their_o neighbour_n and_o also_o to_o themselves_o 17._o deficiency_n be_v the_o ignorance_n of_o the_o vegetable_n of_o this_o island_n use_v and_o their_o virtue_n and_o use_v and_o the_o first_o deficiency_n that_o i_o take_v notice_n of_o be_v the_o ignorance_n of_o the_o ordinary_a seed_n which_o be_v common_o sow_v among_o we_o for_o usual_o the_o countryman_n content_v himself_o with_o one_o or_o two_o sort_n and_o know_v no_o more_o when_o as_o there_o be_v very_o great_a variety_n some_o of_o which_o agree_v with_o one_o sort_n of_o ground_n some_o with_o another_o as_o for_o example_n there_o be_v very_o many_o sort_n of_o wheat_n some_o call_v white_a wheat_n some_o red_a wheat_n some_o beard_a which_o as_o i_o have_v say_v before_o be_v not_o so_o subject_a to_o mildew_n as_o other_o other_o not_o some_o sort_n with_o 2._o row_n other_o with_o 4._o and_o 6._o some_o with_o one_o ear_n on_o a_o stalk_n other_o with_o double_a ear_n or_o 2._o on_o the_o same_o stalk_n red_a stalk_n wheat_n of_o buckinghamshire_n winter_n wheat_n summer_n wheat_n which_o be_v sow_v abundant_o in_o new-england_n in_o april_n and_o may_n and_o reap_v ordinarl_o in_o 3._o month_n and_o many_o sort_n more_o not_o to_o trouble_v my_o discourse_n with_o spelt_n zea_n tiphine-wheat_n or_o olew_v far_o siligo_fw-la alica_n which_o be_v use_v among_o the_o ancient_n but_o now_o unknown_a not_o only_o to_o the_o countryman_n but_o even_o to_o the_o learnede_a botanic_n so_o i_o may_v say_v that_o the_o ordinary_a yeoman_n be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o diversity_n of_o barley_n for_o there_o be_v not_o only_o the_o ordinary_a barley_n but_o also_o big_a sprat-bar_o which_o have_v late_o be_v sow_v in_o kent_n with_o good_a profit_n also_o winter-bar_o sow_v in_o winter_n barley_n with_o 4.6_o row_n naked_a barley_n which_o require_v divers_a disposition_n in_o land_n some_o delight_v in_o fine_a other_o in_o stiff_a ground_n so_o there_o be_v also_o winter_n and_o summer-rie_n and_o 20._o sort_n of_o pease_n the_o ordinary_a schew_v the_o raith_n or_o early-ripe_a pease_n the_o roncival_n hastiver_n hotarses_n gray-pease_n green-pease_n pease_n without_o skin_n sugar_n pease_n who_o shell_n be_v sweet_a than_o the_o pease_n itself_o and_o have_v be_v within_o these_o 10._o year_n plentiful_o sow_v in_o lincolnshire_n with_o profit_n also_o fulham_n sandwich-pease_n etc._n etc._n which_o require_v divers_a sort_n of_o land_n and_o season_n so_o also_o there_o be_v divers_a sort_n of_o oat_n white_a black_a naked_a which_o in_o new_a england_n serve_v well_o for_o oatmeal_n without_o grind_v be_v beat_v as_o they_o come_v out_o of_o the_o barn_n scotch_a poland_n etc._n etc._n also_o buck-wheat_n lentile_n divers_a sort_n of_o tare_n of_o hemp_n and_o flax_n altogether_o unknown_a to_o most_o countryman_n but_o i_o hope_v that_o hereafter_o rhey_n will_v be_v more_o inquisitive_a after_o they_o for_o divers_a of_o they_o may_v be_v of_o good_a use_n on_o their_o land_n 2._o defficiency_n in_o this_o kind_n be_v that_o they_o be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o plant_n and_o grass_n which_o natural_o grow_v among_o we_o and_o their_o uses_n which_o likewise_o be_v make_v for_o to_o be_v food_n for_o cattle_n and_o also_o for_o the_o service_n of_o man_n this_o ignorance_n cause_v they_o to_o