Selected quad for the lemma: land_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
land_n	league_n	lie_v	southeast_n	1,781	5	13.0927	5	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A61855	The perillous and most unhappy voyages of John Struys Through Italy, Greece, Lifeland, Muscovia, Tartary, Media, Persia, East-India, Japan, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia. Containing, I. Most accurate remarks and observations of the distinct qualities, religion, politie, customs, laws and properties of the inhabitants: II. A due description of the several cities, towns, forts, and places of trust, as to their site and strength, fortifications by nature, or art, &c. with other things worthy of note: and, III. An exact memorial of the most disastrous calamities which befell the author in those parts (viz) by ship-wrack, robberies, slavery, hunger, tortures, with other incommodities and hardships. To which are added 2 narrativs sent from Capt. D. Butler, relating to the taking in of Astrachan by the Cosacs. Illustrated with divers curious plates, first designed and taken from the life by the author himself. Rendered out of Nether-dutch by John Morrison·; Reysen door Moscovien, Tartarijen, Oost-Indien. English	Struys, Jan Janszoon, d. 1694.; Morrison, John, 17th cent.; Butler, David, Captain.	1684 (1684)	Wing S6019; ESTC R216963	334,708	398

four Galleys ready upon all Occasions for Defence of the Havens besides a considerable number more which they have in their Arsenal in good equippage these are often imployed as Auxiliaries for the Venetians against the Turks On the Sea-side stands a Watch-Tower on which by night they set a Beacon and just at the Entrance of the Haven stands a huge piece of Ordnance mounted upon a Carriage continually guarded with a Sentinel The Dukes Person is guarded with a Body of 500 Soldiers who with their Colonel have a place allotted them in the Palace The City is generally well built with stately Houses and magnificent Structures more especially on that side which is seated near the Sea having besides the more eminent Hostels and Public Buildings 30 fair Parish Churches of which that dedicated to St. Laurence claims the priority as Cathedral In the Church dedicated to the H. Eucharist they show'd us a Key made of an Emerald being of the unusual bignes that ●t's worth may not be computed Coming to the Church of St. Bartholomew we saw a handkercheif with which they told us our Saviour wiped the sweat from his face and as they say has done abundance of Miracles The City is very populous their Merchants rich and numerous and their Manufactury also very considerable especially in Velvets there being according to the relation given us above 8000 Looms in the Town so that considering the Magnificency of Building the Riches of her Merchants Commodiousness of Situation and Splendor of her Court and Palace may be reckoned as a Town of the first Magnitude On the 12 of April we set sail directing our course for Velez Malaga where on the 15 we arrived On the 18 we hoised sail and made for Malaga and on the 24 came to cast anchor in the Bay where almost all the Banditti were set ashoar Here we took in a hundred Pipes of Wine with candied Fruits and other Refreshments for the sick On the 29 of May we weighed Anchor and with a brisk gale of Wind reached the Straits mouth on the 2 of Iune When we were past Gibralter we steer'd our Course towards the Salt Islands which was designed for another place of Refreshment from whence we gathered that our Voyage must needs be longer than at first we thought for till then none aboard the ship unless the Officers knew whither we were bound or upon what account we were sent out On the fourth of Iune we met with 9 Turkish Men of War about the 3d. Watch in the night who Hail'd us asking from whence our ship we answered From Genua and asked them From whence they were they made answer From Argiers Our Commander hearing that unwelcome Eccho was not a little alarm'd and could have wish'd himself at a further distance however he resolves to exchange a ball or two with them by break of day and in order thereto gets all in a readiness commands every man to his Post and gave us all the courage he could by his own Example The Corsairs who although better man'd and mounted than we had no great stomach to go so early to breakfast for observing such marks of Courage in our Officers and that they were absolutely resolved to fight'um made all the sail they could and left us On the 14 we pass'd the Flemmish Islands and on the 6 of July we arrived at Boa Vista where we came to Anchor in the Bay On this Island were several of the Banditti who brought us such Provision as they had aboard we took in also ten boats of salt About this Island is such plenty of Fish that at one draught we got 1500 Corcoads and Salmon-Fry Boa Vista is one of those Islands which are called Cabo Verdo Islands having obtained that appellation from it's delectable prospect from the Seaward and lies 7 leagues to the northward of Ilha del Sal and is reckoned to be about 20 leagues in circumference stretched out in length South-east and North-west That part which lies near the sea is all sandy and hilly ground but within altogether montanous and high land On the north end is a long Bank near half a league in length which repelleth the billows of the sea with great violence There are yet besides this several other Foords which are often the occasion of Shipwrack On the South is also another where the Rocks sometimes appear above water and points out towards the East and E. and by North. The best and safest place to come to Anchor in is at the Southwest Point where is a very commodious Road for Ships of the greatest burthen having at lest 16 or 17 fathom Water and a fine sandy ground In this Road we lay at anchor 6 days and then set sail for Majo St. Iago Fuogo and Brava which are the nearest Islands to Boa Vista The Island Majo lies about nine leagues S. S. W. or rather mo● Westerly from Boa Vista and is the smallest of all the rest being about 7 leagues round Within land are several steep hills and on the North a Plain about a league in breadth from whence reaches out a long Bank towards the North-east and another towards the West which cause impetuous Breaches of the Sea and consequently great danger for Ships that sail that way The Island is almost round in circumference having its breadth and length almost equal and is full of small Capes or Promontories which make so many Inlets The common Road belonging to this Island is on the South-west Coast where you have 15 and 16 fathom Water and a sandy ground having the Western point of the Island at N. and by W. and another Point at E. S. E. and the South end of St. Iago S. W. On the North side of the Island behind a litle black Cape lies a small Bay or Road for Anchorage at 5 or 6 fathom water and upon the lowest point on the East is a Village of 10 or 12 houses This Island is very rocky high and dry having litle grass upon it but what grows in the clefts of the Rocks It is also very barren of Fruit neither Lemmons nor Oranges will like there nor no other fruit whatsoever unles sigs and those by reason of the drought of the Season and Ground seldom ever come to maturity or return to profit There are in this Island some Cotton-trees and good plenty of Goats so that there are many thousands of those Hides transported yearly from hence There are also some wild Horses Kine and Asses good plenty of Fowl as Patridge Heath-hens Bustards Wild-geese and other Fowl not known with us in Europe There are also many Saltpans on this Island where the Salt by the Ground Water and the Ingress of the Sea with the help of the Sun is well concreted yet is somewhat too yellow in colour The Inhabitants are a mixt folk of Negros and others who follow Goat hunting using Wolves in stead of Dogs Some also follow the

Fishing trade and find great plenty of Cyprins Dorades and other Fish St. Iago is the greatest and chief of the Cabo Verdo Islands being about 12 leagues in length lying South-East and North-west The South-east Cape thereof hath the Road of the Island Majo on the West and W. and by N. about 5 leagues distant The high Land of St. Iago lies from the Road of Majo directly West but the middle thereof South-west from Boa Vista or rather more Westerly and from the Salt Island S. W. and by S. about 25 Leagues From the South-west Angle the coast stretches it self forth 2 leagues South-west where there is a small Hamlet called Praye situated in a commodious place between two Hills and environed with 2 Rivers which running into the Sea do make two handsom Bays one whereof is called Porto de Praye and has room enough to contain an hundred Ships which may safely ride at Anchor without damnifying each other having 14 fathom water and shot-free from Land as also the benefit of a small Island which breaks off the wind Sailing past Porto de Praye before you come at the Town is a Cape or small Promontory which the Portugeezes call Capo de Tubarao On the West whereof is another Bay called Porto de Ribeirra Corea which also is very fitly seated between two Hills and a River that runs through the midle rising from a fountain about 2 leagues from thence and disgorging it self into the Sea by a mouth about a Bow-shot in breadth In the North is also another Haven called St. Mary On the Island St. Iago are yet two Towns of note whereof the one is called St. Thomas very well seated the other St. Iago or St. Iames which is built upon a rising Ground This is the Metropolis of all the Towns of these Islands where is also the Residence and Palace of their Bishop Towards the West on an Angle of the Island is a Fortress two leagues from Porto de Praye where Ships come to anchor and North-west from this Angle another Haven known by the name of Porto de Canisos This Island is very fertile and abounds with fruit of several kinds as on each side the Rio de Corea grow great plenty of Cocos Oranges Citrons other Fruit-trees as also some Cedars Besides this it affoards good store of Rice Maïs and other grain as also Cattel both for work and slaughter Ilha del Fuogo or The Isle of Fire probably has that name from one of it's Mountains which continually sends forthflames by some intestin Fire It lies in 14 degr 20 min. Northerly Latitude and 12 leagues from the South-west point of St. Iago North-west on the West-side is a Bay and a small castle seated at the foot of a hill but the violent course of the stream renders the haven unapt to receive any Shipping Those that would enter the Bay must steer their course to the North of this Island and so about About 4 leagues South-west of Ilha del Fuogo lies Ilha del Brava that is VVild or Desert Island with two or three small Islands on the North thereof On the West-side is a Creek very convenient for such as have occasion to take in water but the best haven is on the South-east side where it is 15 fathom deep and a Ship of the greatest burthen may come to anchor close to the Kay Above this Harbour is a Hermitage and a Village very well peopled This Island is also fruitfull enough having good store of figs Mulberrys Water-Melons and Indian wheat but far inferiour to Mayo and St Iago for cattel The Air of these Islands is generally unwholsom so that the inhabitants are very subject to Feavers Aches and Fluxes These Islands lying between the Aequator and the Tropic of Cancer affoard the People two Summers every year the Sun passing twice directly over their heads When the sun enters into Cancer which is in the end of Iune the season is very intemperate with Storms Winds Thunder and Lightning continuing so till the midle of October the● the Portugueezes call the Rain moneths They have certain tokens whereby they know when this Season approaches as high Southe●ly Winds which blow along the Coast and the Salt which begin to dissolve with the Billows rolling out of the Sea On the 14 we left the Salt Islands and set sail for Sierra Liones and made land on the 2d of August hearing at a great distance the Wind roaring from the Mountains which by the reason of their Concavity do make a great buzzing when it blows hard that perhaps has given them the name of Sierra Liones or Lioness Mountai● A litle before the evening we came with our Boat close to the shore where we heard a most terrible Noise occasioned by an impetuou● and continual beating of the billows through the cleft of a Rock which was so loud that we could hardly hear one another spea● Sierra Liones takes it's beginning from Cabo de Virgin and stretches● self so far out as Cabo Tagrin or Lede which is also by some call● Cabo de Sierra Liones lying in 8 Degr. and 13 Min. Northerly Latitude and by reason of it's height is easily distinguished from that Continent which lies to the Northward of this Promontory the more because it reaches further Seaward The South and South and by E. part of this Land lies toward the Sea and is high and hilly but the land of the Cape towards the North for the most part level and marshy There are 13 Rivulets which coming from the Land run through these Mountains and so empty themselves in the Ocean and have on their banks plenty of Fruit-trees as Oranges Pome-Citrons and the like On the 3 of August we arrived in the Bay of Sierra Liones Immediately upon our arriving there the Commander sent the Shallop ashoar and such persons as he did think fit with Presents for the King which were 5 Barrs of Iron a Barrel of Brandy and another of Spanish Wine Those men that were nominated to deliver the Presents were courteously received by the King and his Court. We could not perceive any Mark of Superiority or Grandour in the Prince which might distinguish him from his Subjects no more than in Mr. Mayor of Stratford from his Worshipfull Brethren the Aldermen Yet found him much to vary from some other Soveraign Potentates who enrich themselves at the Cost and Penury of their Vassals The King and his Folk were equally insatiable and covetous for so soon as the King had received the Present he desired as much more which the Commander was content to send him that he might have the freedom to take in Water and Wood for Fewel as also to provide our selves with Oranges Lemmons and other Refreshments The Inhabitants which are called Caffers shew'd us no small Friendship for so long as our Penny lasted they never faild of a Pater noster bringing us every day good store of Fruit. When the

other Castle seeing the Venetians in possession of this put out the White Flag and desired Articles of Peace which after a short Treatie of Commissioners on both sides were signed existing mostly of the same Tenure with the former Tenedos lies near the coast of Anatolia and is called Bouchadde by the Turks It is of a fertile Soil and produces plenty of Fruit but especially Grapes and has good store of Melons and other delicacies which they have also in the Winter-season And according to it's small extent not exceeding 28 English miles in circuit has abundance of Cattel It is beset with Hills towards the Sea on every side but within arable and fit for tillage The General committed it to the Trust of Seignior Loredano a Gentleman of Venice with a Garrison of 700 Italians and others Tenedos being now in possession of the Venetians we set Sail for Scalimene or Lemnos which we found about 6 Leagues distant from the other being Seated directly before the mouth of the Channel and therefore a Place in which the Turks had reposed great Confidence This Island has severall small Towns upon it as Condea Cochino Palso Castro and others beside 75 Villages and Hamlets When we came before the Place in order to lay Siege to it we found a Fort having 700 men in Garrison but the Sou-bassa hearing that Tenedos was already taken in by the Christian Armade and finding himself incapable to defend the Place by reason that all communication was cut off he desired to treat by Deputies and without ever a shot surrendred the Fort and Island upon dishonourable Conditions Lemnos or Scalimene as it is now called has Thracia on the North and the Hill Athon towards the West and as we have said lies not far from Lemnos It is no whit inferior to any Island in the Aegean-Sea for a wholsom Air and a good Soil it affoards all kind of Grain and Puls as also Almonds Oil Lactuaries and plenty of Sheep which for their Wool is no small profit to the Inhabitants and from hence comes that excellent and usefull Earth called Terra Lemnia or Terra Sigillata which is so highly prized by those that profess Physic The Inhabitants and Peasantry are Greeks which may not live in any fortified Place In this Island has been a famous Labrynth whereof the Ruins yet appear in some places The chief City thereof is called also Scalimene and is indifferent strong When the General left the Island he constituted a Governour and sent some Ships to cruse through the Archipelago and urge the payment of the Arrearages in the Tributary Places of which the Venetians were now Masters and light also upon such as were free for so unhappy are the Islands of Greece that they must pay Tribute both to the Turks and Venetians which is a great oppression to so poor a People Greece is at this day as fertile as ever but is greatly deficient of it's former Power and Wealth by the Dominion of the Turks and perpetual Wars As for the People they are very urban and good ● converse with The Customary Habit of the Merchants and Citize● is as follows They wear on their Heads a long red Cap with a fold hanging down before and affect long hair although some I have seen shorn and with a Turbant like Mahometans Their Breeches long and narrow demitted to the calf of the leg and litle red boots above their stockings Above all a Coat like the Persians but without a Girdle In stead of a Cloak they wear a Coat with long narrow sleevs hanging down to the middle of the Thighs which they seldome or never put their arms into The Peasants also wear long red Caps as the Merchants and Citizens but wide linen or Cotton Breeches like Trouzers Their Gentlewomen wear a white Silk or Cotton Sharf about their Head hanging over their back and shoulders like Nuns Their Stockings are mostly scarlet and neatly embroyded their shoes with litle handsom heels and sometimes for their more easy going with slaps Those that are of ability wear a kind of Boddice or wast-coat of cloth of Gold and above that an upper-Coat with long Silk sleeves this is girded about the middle with Ribbons Some there are also which wear a short silk Jacket or Justicore coming down to the calf of the legs their shifts hanging down 2 palms below that Being now as we already told you sent to collect Tribute the first Island we came at was Pathmos the place where the H. Apostle Iohn and the beloved Disciple of our Lord was confined or banished to and where he wrote his Revelations When we went shoar they show'd us a litle Chappel in the cleft of a Rock which as the Greeks ascertain'd to us was the very place where he saw those Heavenly Visions as also a stone which lay above his Bed This ●tone the Greeks sell and make great profit of it being stampt into powder is reputed the best Remedy that ever was known for a Quartan Ague The City Pathmos is founded upon a Hill about the middle of the Island and has within it a very fair Monastery with the Tomb of Chrysolodos the Founder thereof The Island is both Fruitful populous and well built on the Sea-side is a litle strong Sconce to defend the place against Pyracy but when they heard of the Over●row of the Turks did not in the lest oppose themselves against us ●ing overaw'd by the Cadis When we had dispatched at Pathmos we steer'd away for Samos which is an Island right over against the Gulf of Smirna to see if we could meet with any Saiks or other Turkish Shipping and according ● our expectation met with two rich Prizes laden with raw Silk and other precious Commodities After we had Sail'd to and again for 5 or 6 days we came to Samos to demand the Contributions as at other places When we were arrived in this Road our Commander ●hought good to supply us with Water and other necessaries upon which I and 19 other of our Ships-folk were sent ashoar Ten of our Company were sent up to the Village to buy Provision and Refreshments and the rest amongst whom I my self was one were to take in Water and manage the Boat But hardly had we taken in two Boat-fulls but we saw a Brigandine making toward us stow'd full of Men whereupon we concluded it was no time to dally and therefore threw our Things aboard and betook our selvs to rowing as hard as we could drive towards the Ship But the Turks having far more hands than we and consequently swifter at rowing came in between us and the Ship which lay half a Dutch League from Land We then seeing litle hopes of getting aboard wheel'd about and made towards Land but were as hotly pursued by the Turks and seeing the Brigantine within pistol-shot of us astern we jump'd over board and betook our selves to running But when

amongst them On the first of Iuly we sailed by two Islands to wit Turig and Mastof and ran the ship aground where we lost another Anchor Towards the Evening we came before Makrity On the 2 d we set Sail and came before Sabaksar where some of our Ships-company went ashoar and took our Pasport and Credentials to show the VVaywode or Governour who gave us a supply of Men and necessaries to help us forward to Astrachan Sabaksar is one of the neatest Towns I had hitherto seen since we left Moscou being well built fortified and since the uproar of the Casaks the Garrison better supplied with men than before Having dispatched here we weighed anchor and on the 3 of ditto gain'd the Island Cosin where we were fast again but without much difficulty got clear We sailed that day past Sundir a handsome litle Town and dropp'd anchor before Cokschaga loosing thence we were fain to cast out our Fore-anchor to hale over a Foord which was 10 Dutch leagues long and found work enough to bring the Vessel over however after much pains taken we gaind the Deep without any damage to the Ship On the 4 we came past the Shallow places and before VVolofka were fast again where we were fain to cast anchor and wind our selves off At night we lay before Swiatkhi which is a fortify'd Town having many fair Churches and Monasteries within walls On the 5 we weighed anchor and set Sail having a brisk Gale which in 3 hours time or less brought us before the River Casanka from which River the City and Kingdom of Casan have their name here we came to anchor where some small Shipping belonging to that place aiming to enter the River ran against our Bow and some fell overboard Here about is a very fair Countrey and as fertile as any that ever I have seen in all my Life It is mostly low arable and medow ground overflown once a year upon the swelling of the River VVolga On the Banks of this said River are variety of Fruit trees of many kinds which grow in whole Groves together and wild for a hundred Dutch Leagues as Hasle-nuts Cherries 3 or 4 several sorts Black White and Red Currans c. That part of Casan which lies most within Land formerly belonged to the Tartars but the Inhabitants speake the Russian Language which was first brought in when the Countrey was conquered by the Russes as shall be hereafter said They do not convert any man to slavery nor make that their Traffic as do the Nagay the Crim-Calmuc-and Dagestan-Tartars for if they had they might have sold me when with other two of our Ships-company I was under their Hands and that above 3 leagues within Land where on the contrary we found them civil after their Manner for they gave us Bread and Milk to eat On the 6 th our Shallop was sent up to Casan to acquaint the Deputy with our Arrival On the 8 th the Deputy of Casan together with the Metropolitan came aboard where they seemed to receive great satisfaction having never seen the like before The Common people came likewise flocking in great multitudes to see a floating Castle and notwithstanding all the aw of the Deputy and Provincial we had much ado to keep them off for they strove to come aboard Casan is a great City and reasonably strong but it's Walls and Towers of Wood as almost all the Russian Towns are The Cittadel is walled with stone and well provided of Ammunition and Men. The Town is situated upon a Hill but in a Champan Countrey The Cittadel is encompassed with the Casanka which renders the Water within inexhaustible in time of Siege The Traffic of this Place is very considerable regarding the Countrey it lies in It is frequented by the Crim-Tartars who bring thither all manner of Merchandise their Land affoards and not only the vendible Products of the Earth and Cattle but as orderly their own Children which they sell at a low rate a Boy or a Girl of 16 years of age for the value of 20 Crowns a piece The City Casan is equally inhabited by Russians and Tartars and governed by a Deputy as we have already said but the Cittadel kept solely by Russes where no Tartar is to come upon pain of Death There is besides the Deputy who is only as President and supreme in Civil Matters an extraordinary VVaywode who is always as Superintendant in time of War having the sole Direction of Martial Affairs The Countrey of Casan which has been formerly a Kingdom is of a very wide extent bounded on the North with Syberia on the East with Nagaya and on the South with the River VVolga This Countrey was formerly very populous and able to bring a great Army to field as in recorded of their famous Expeditions against the Russes but since depopulated made wast and subdued by Basilius Ivanowitz who overcame these Casan-Tartars in a very bloody Battail and after that so notable a Conquest set a Vice-Roy This Vice-Roy although a Casan-Tartar was always more loyal to the Czar than favourable to his own Countreymen which occasioned great murmurings and jealousy among the Casaneers that at last they called in the Crim-Tartars for their assistance who were Mahometans These made not much delay but on a sudden raised a mighty Army which incorporating with the Rebells gave the Vice-Roy battail and gain'd the Field and pursuing the success of the day invaded the Emperours Territories The Czaar in the mean while being informed by Express that the Hostility kept the Field had put the Forces under Conduct of the Vice-Roy to flight and that they approached with a great Body he levied as great an Army as he could do with so short warning and ingaged with the Tartars in open Field But the Hostility increasing more and more what with their own Nation and what with the Malecontents within the Russian Jurisdiction were almost 15 to 3 and after a short but very hot Battel the Emperour was fain to flee and betake himself to Novogorod The Tartars seeing themselves Masters of the Field marched forward to Moscou which they attacqued took in and plundered However the Cittadel Cremelena held stoutly forth all the time without making Proposals or Articles upon which they would seem willing to surrender it till at last finding themselves not in a capacity to hold forth they gave it over upon very honourable Conditions as to themselves but disadvantageous Terms for the great Duke himself and the City of Moscou Shamefull was this Loss to the Emperour and no less ground of Honour for the Victory to the Hostility who now as it were in a moment had regained all their Freedoms which from time to time before they had lost Right loath was the Czar to give his assent to the Conclusions of the Treaty but was at last compelled to sign it with his own hand partly for that his Bojars and Council pressed him to it and partly upon

them to proceed on their Journey thither They thanked us for our Advice and directed their Course for Terky that being also a good Market We agreed among our selves to follow the like course with intent at least to supply our want of Provision not knowing whether the Town was taken in by the Cosacks or that it was still under the Emperour About 9 in the Evening we anchored before the Town and immediately upon our anchorage saw 10 or 12 Soldiers come rowing towards us but when they came nigh saw that we were well armed offered not to do any violent Act but only asked us Who we were and From whence we came We answered That we were Hollanders belonging to his Majesties great Ship at Astrachan and were come thither to sound the Bay and Haven Ho! Ho! said they are you those men You must come before the Lord Deputy hereupon we made answer That it was then too late but the next Morning betimes we would wait upon his Excellency With this answer they seem'd to be satisfied but we thought it not safe for us to tarry there long but before creek of day we loosed and set our course S. and by W. Terky is situate in 43 degr and 27 min. about an English league from the strand It has been 3 times surveyed and laid out The first time by the Russes themselves the second time by one Cornelius Claasz a Dutch Ingenieur about the year 1636 who also strengthned the said Town with Walls and Bulwarks after the modern way of Fortification and in the year 1670 it was survey'd and fortified anew by Colonel Baily an English Gentleman with huge strong Bulwarks and and a wide and deep Mote encompassing it quite round The City is seated in a Champan Countrey without either Wood or Hill so far as one can view The River is also called Terky by the Moscovians but by the Inhabitants Timenky The Banks lying upon the Sea are all grown over with Canes and rough Terky is a place of great Trust being the Kay or Barricado of the Czars Dominions for it lies on the Frontiers of the Russian Territories and for that end has always a Garrison of 2000 Strelitzers All the night it blew very hard and in the morning we saw land on each side The Island which lay on the Larboard side we called Meynders Island because he was the first that discovered it We steered directly through the Islands and when we were about 20 leagues within the Bay we discovered high land which we afterward knew to be the famous Caucasus and Ararat which also border and extend to the Circas Hills and sailing a litle further we found that we were near the Quick-sands so that we were fain to tack about and bear up to the Channel where coming we sounded and found it 2 fathom and a good sandy ground Being just got thorow the straits or narrow Channel we looked about and discovered a great Bark making up toward us with all the Sail they could which afterwards we understood was sent by order of the Governour of Terki to pursue us having 62 Soldiers and all well armed aboard with a charge from the Governour to give us no quarter but to hack us in pieces and to bring back the Shallop and Goods to Terky We seeing them in a full pursuit thought it no time to dally but laboured as hard as we could till we got the Island Sierlan where we came to Anchor and the Bark seemed to give over their chace On the 18 ditto betimes in the morning we set Sail and indeavoured to gain the High land which before the Evening came on we did putting in at a River and were assured that we were not within the Jurisdiction of the Czar which is bounded by the Timenki The Circas Dominion begins at the Timenki and is bounded from Nagaya by the Step and from the Dagestan-Tartars by the River Bustro The Countrey is very fertile producing good store both of Fruit and Grain and is also good Pasture-ground The men are very corpulent and withall robust have broad-faces but not square like the Calmucs or Crims they are of a swarthy yellow complexion and shave their Heads and Beards after a strange manner Cross over the head they make a bare stroak and yet let a tuft grow in the Crown and on each side it hangs down in two great bushes which sometimes they let hang loose and sometimes plate They wear gray Felt-coats with a mantle of the same which is rough without this they hang slovenly about the neck made fast with a great button that they can turn it which way they list and make it serve for a Buckler against the Wind. They sometimes wear Bonnets made of cloath which they fold into a square figure that they look like Jesuits Caps when they wear them They are a surly ill-natured people and blockish not fit to converse with but yet more friendly than the Calmucs They seldom appear abroad without their Horses upon which they seem as if they were planted Their Arms are a kind of Musquet but the Long-bow is with them more in use which they can handle with great dexterity CHAP. XVII They Author and his Company err in their Course They meet with a Cosac-Bark A great Tempest The Beginning and Limits of the Dagestan-Tartars Their Posture or Frame of Body Habit and Way of Living They are great Plagiaries The Barrenness of the Dagestan Mountains Another great Tempest The Shallop run astrand and is spied by the Tartars who plunder them The strange way of electing the Dagestan Kings They are assailed by another Company who ravish the Woman in presence of her Husband and convert them all to Slaves The Author tortured to detect his Companions which he manfully endures They are brought before the Osmyn and chained ON the 19 ditto we set sail and directed our course towards the Island Tzetzien which we sailed past and had Tzierlan to the leeward having very misty weather all the while which dured 24 hours or more The next morning it cleared up and we got sight of the high Circas Mountains which we aimed at if possible to come nearer the shoar so to coast it all along after we had laboured and lay beating in the Wind about 3 or 4 hours we saw a long neck of Land which we took for an Island and indeavouring to sail through a narrow passage we found our selves in a Quicksand so that we were fain to tack about having sail'd the whole day in vain and at the dawning of the day we came into the Channel which was a good sandy ground and fit for Anchorage Here we met with a Bark having about 60 or 70 Men on board who called to us and prayed us to help them afloat pretending they were aground and fast among the sands which some of our Company would have done but the major part were for the Negative and so oversway'd the rest

that were willing for we saw the Vessel jogg too and again very lightly that we easily suspected some bad design as afterward it appeared for when they saw us wind about they made all the Sail they could and pursued us till finding that we were very well armed they gave over their chace The men aboard were Cosacks and as we beleeved of Radzins Folk Finding that they left us we consulted which way to steer and resolved to let drive before the Wind. We sounded and found 4 fathom and came in a short time close by Zierlan which we found to ly in 43 degr 7 min. From hence we saw the famous Ararat mounting his head far above the Caucasus which was nearer us The Land of the Island Zierlan is all covered with shells which seem to be wash'd over with high Floods and Inundations whence I presume none will Inhabit it About evening we put off and after an hours failing sounded and found we had 6 fathom and a sandy ground When night came we were surprized with a great Tempest and the Sea rose mountains high insomuch that we expected every moment to go to bottom and so we were thrown to and again on the tops of the billows In the morning it began to clear up and the Winds abated something so that we made a litle sail and indeavoured to steer towards the High-lands on the Circas coast After much labour in beating through the Waves and danger of our lives we got that heighth We sailed by a Tartarian City Seated near the Water between two Hills and by the way met with a Moscovian Boes where the Men aboard had acquaintance with us having lay with their Vessel aboard our Ship at Astrachan The said Men invited us all to dinner of Fresh Mutton and Rice which they first parboiled and afterward stewed with Butter of which we made a hearty meal After we had taken our leaves of them we steered away by the Coast and saw many pleasant Valleys and a fruitfull Countrey When the Evening came on and we seeing it good weather resolved that night to take our rest which we had not done for 3 nights together and to that end dropped anchor On the 20 we came within 15 Leagues of Derbent which is the land of the Dagestan Tartars who are so called for that they inhabit the hilly Countrey the word Dag in their tongue signifying a Mountain That part of the Countrey which lies toward the Sea is dry and heathy but within land very fruitfull as afterward to our sorrow we found it The men are very robust and able of Body of a deep swarthy complexion and terrible to look at Their Habit is much at one with the Circas-Tartars Their shoes are onely made of an Horses hide undrest and of one piece drawn together above the foot with Thongs Their Arms are only Bow Arrows and a Scimmatar although some have also Spears and Launces when they ride out or go upon any expedition they put themselves in Harnass to wit a Helmet and a Target They are great Men-stealers not sticking if they find oppo●tunity to sell their own Relations or Children of their nearest Friends which they bring to the Turks and Persians They are very bold and not easily daunted at any forreign Power trusting to the steep cragg● and Mountains which are to others inaccessible They are Mahometans by profession but sorry Zealots for their Religion The Wome● feed and keep cattel but their men go out a Robbing These Mountains are very barren and sandy except where it is chalky The next day we weighed anchor and came before the Tartari● town Boynak which when we had just passed by it began to blow very hard from the Sea ward we having then about 16 fathom Water In the mean time the Sea began to grow very rough and hollow that we were forced to run the Shallop immediately a strand for fear of overturning being then but 5 leagues from Derbent which was the nearest Land Directly before the coast lay a long Rif or Bank and round about us was rocks which we by the grace of GOD escaped tho very narrowly for indeavoring to get our selves afloa● again we ran into a Circle of Rocks about 3 or 4 foot under Water and had much labour to get clear Having now wrought our selves out we gave our selves over to the mercy of Heaven letting the Boat drive what way it would till at last by a great Sea we were thrown upon the strand without either loss of men or Goods every man packing up what they thought fit to carry along with them The Goods which belonged to Capt. Butler and Mr. Termund we buried in the Sand thinking to send for them upon occasion by the Persians But most unhappy proved this our landing here for no sooner were we come ashoar but we were espied by the Tartars who came and delved up the Goods we had so hidden and carried it away upon their Horses to a litle Village hard by and brought the news of such an accidental Booty to Aly Sultan their Prince who came on Horse back with a guard of Troopers to seek us Altho by day we hid our selves in the Woods and by night went forward on our Journey Having remained one night in the Woods where we took our rest Our Company consulted what was best to do whether to march forward on our journey or to tarry It was advised by the major part to go but I was rather desirous to tarry 3 or 4 days longer till the heat of the pursuit was over that so thinking when the Tartars should have sought for us a while in vain they would give us over for lost However they were very forward to be going and rejected my Council In the mean while C. Brak slept with his wife and child at a litle distance from us and the rest of the Company would that we should leave them there because that the Woman and Child were but a cumber to us So soon as I understood their intent was to leave them so I insisted on the contrary with words to this effect Pray Gentlemen remember your selves to what end should you do such an unworthy act and leave those poor souls behind us who have neither Money nor means to subsist and must in all apparency perish in a strange place and then what guilt must we have upon our Consciences But know this if you indeed resolve to go and leav'em it is also my resolution to cry out and make our Fates equal When they saw me so zealous and in a hot passion they were contented to take them with us I was the more concerned at it for his Fathers sake who when we left our Native Countrey show'd us all imaginable Friendship and therefore indeared him the more to me About half a day we marched with Muskets and other heavy Armor upon our shoulders besides our baggage along the sides of the Mountains till at last we came into a

told them that I had made my escape by night in a Barque which nevertheless would not pacifie them till they had dawbed the Captain in the Fist which closed his Eies and shut his Mouth effectually So soon as the Brigantines were out of sight the Greeks fearing some trouble might ensue brought me with a Barque to Embro where the Venetian Fleet lay and gave me my Provision aboard with me which I had bought for 32 Rix-dollars Upon my arrival the Commander gave them 2 Pieces of eight for their pains and glad he was to receive me so and they no less joyfull to be rid of me for the Turks had already taken a Civil Magistrate of the Greeks into custody with his Son being but a child who might upon my being found there after they had denied me have had hard mesure and they nevertheless forced to deliver me up at last which if they had the Admiral of the Venetians would have plundered the Town and taken them all for Slaves so that these poor People are in a worse and a more pitifull state under both than they would be if they were entirely under one While we lay before Embro the Fleet was divided into two parts and sent for the respective Islands to get in the Contributions the one part went for Stampalia or Astypalaea which is one of the Cyclades and from thence to Nicsia an Island about 7 Dutch leagues in length and as many in breadth for it is almost four Square the North-side is montanous but towards the South flat and arable On this Island are several Reliques of Gentilism and Idolatry and amongst those a famous Temple in times past sacred to Apollo now dedicate to S. Salvador On the South we saw the Ruins of another Temple built also to the Honour of Apollo The Inhabitants are Greeks Iews and Turks who are sedulous Planters and Cultivaters of the Vine the land answering their Industry with a fertile Soil The City which is called also by the name of Nicsia lies on the East-side of the Island having a very fair and commodious Haven presenting for all Winds and fit to contain Ships of the greatest burthen Here is found a kind of black stone which is held in great esteem not much unlike the vulgar Touch-stone called by the Italians Smeriglio In our Course through the Aegean Sea we touched at Parus Lero Embroa Psyra and visited Metellino where I had been the year before and was transported thence to the Venetian Armada in a Candian Tartan making by the way a good booty as you will find more amply related in Pag. 76 seqq but now I found better opportunity and leisure to take notice of the Island than before Metellino lies in 48 degr near the main Continent of Greece and from the nearest point hardly 3 English leagues distant The City which also bears the same name is situated on the North-west side of the Island fortified with a Castle that commands 2 Havens and is called Moliva There are besides this several strong Holds and fortified Places throughout the whole Island The South-and North-sides are Champain Land but the East and West for the most part hilly and montanous affoarding rich Quarries of white and black Marble and about the Center of the Land it is woody and mostly grown over with Cypres Trees The arable part of the Land which is tilled is of a good Soil and affoards plenty of Corn of which they make two Sorts of bread the one they call Trachana and the other Bouchourt either of which is more durable than our Ship Biscake They make an excellent sort of red Wine which the Turks notwithstanding the voice of their Alchoran greatly covet and swallow when they can have it The Pastures swarm with all kinds of Cattel both great and small in which by reason of their very great abundance they hold commerce with the Islands of the Aegean Sea but especially in a breed of small Horse they have which are in good esteem abroad After we had done our affairs at Mytilene we went for great Scio but being by the way warned of some Fishermen that the Turks had landed a great number of Soldiery there we sail'd past the Island and put in at S. Giorgio di Scyro which is a small Island lying in 47 degr 23 min. being almost of a triangular form where the Inhabitants follow the Vineyard Leaving Scyro we sail'd directly for Delos which now for the most part goes by the name of Sdilly and lies in the latitude of 47 degr The Island is at present of no great note only that it is visited by the curious in Antiquities Here we found many Ruins of Temples and Altars sacred to Heathenish Deities and the Image of Apollo which is in two pieces whereof as the Greeks told us the English saw'd off the Head and carried it away But so much as remains of it I have drawn as may be seen in the Print There appear yet the Ruins of 3 Temples more to wit of Apollo Minerva and Diana besides several pieces of Marble and Alabastre in various figures of Animals as Lions Leopards and the like Here are also many Quarries of a rich sort of Marble and various kinds of Alabastre Provision may be had at very easy rates Hares and Coneys are for their plenty held in disesteem by the Inhabitants Agriculture is a thing quite out of use but the greatest profit it yields the Venetians is the conveniency of the Haven which serves them for a Rendevouz Between Delos and Andros lies the Island Tenos where there is a Castle built upon a high Hill that seems of it self sufficient enough to defend the whole Island In the year 1656 was the greatest part of this Castle blown up with its own Powder by Lightning at what time I was in the Fleet not far from Delos and saw it I beleeve also that a great part of this Island is overflown with the Inundation of the Sea as Zantorini or rather sunk for when we came to anchor at 26 fathom Water we wrought all we could to weigh but thought verily that the Cable would break before any anchor would loose at last it was resolved to try once more for the last and if it would not then come to cut the Cable but at last the anchor came bringing a great peece of a Wall with it In the Gentile age was a Bath at Tenos where every one of what rank or quality soever he was must wash himself or otherwise it was not lawfull for him to enter the Temples of Apollo Minerva or Diana Tenos is of it self fruitfull enough and would produce more grain than indeed it does if the Inhabitants were inclined to that Tillage but they find more profit in Silk having large Woods of Mulbeery Trees so that this Island is the chief place for Silk Stockings in the Levant After we had staid a few daies at Tenos we set

283. Biloege the Fish whereof Cavear is made 199. Boa Vista insul Situation and Description 5. Bocharen a Place affoarding great plenty of Furrs 223. Bochdan the Ambassad●ur for the King of Poland his ill deportment at Scamachi desires to become Turk c. 244 seqq His churlishness to the Author ibid. Asks his advice if he might go for Holland by the consent of the East-India Company their Directors 246. Boghze Dome a Place appointed for Burial of unsanctified Russes 150. Boldea the Haven of Riga 115. Bologne a City in Italy resembling a Ship 72. Bonzi of Syam their Office Habit c. 35. Bottarge a delicate Dish prepared at Corfu made of the Roes of Sturgeon 97. Also at Xante 99. Bouchadde Tenedos so called by the Turks 91. Bouchourt see Trachana Boynak a Town in Tartary 108. Brak the Authors Companion sold by the Semkal-Tartars for 3 years and then by Reversion to return to his first Patron 234. His Wife ravished by the Tartars in presence of the Company 210. She becomes the Prince of Scemkals Concubine 234. She hinders her husband for going away ibid. He goes away privately and was never heard of since ibid. Butriato a famous place for Fishing 97. C. CAback vide Kaback Cabo Verdo Islands 5. seqq Caffers th' Inhabitants of Sierra Liones so called 9. Calmuc Tartars an ougly People 174. described ibid. Cambodiers several of them taken in a Junk freighted with prohibited Goods and by the Loving Kindness of the Hollanders turned adrift in a Boat without Rudder Sail Oars or Provision being but 40. Dutch Leagues from Land 45. The same Junk perishes upon the Rocks before the Fort Zelandia 55. Candia described 100. seqq Caspian Sea described 122 224. Caswin a famous Town formerly the Royal Seat of the Kings of Persia 304. Cavear whereof made 199. Vsed in stead of Butter during the Fast in Moscovia ibid. Casan a City and Countrey in Russia described 177 seqq 166. Cephalonia Insul 98. Cerigo an Island lying about 13 Dutch leagues from Candia 99 100. Chalse Schuran or Dipping of the Cross a Ceremony used by the Armenians 248. Children put to death at Madagascar and why 19. Chioggio a City in Italy opposite to Venice famous for Fishing and Gardens 73. Chrysolodos his Tomb in the Isle of Pathmos 79. Churches in the City Moscou computed to be in number above 1700. 135. Circas Tartars the Bounds of their Countrey 204. Their Persons described ibid. The Women great beauties ibid. Go with naked Brests 205. Their emulation in Habit and freedom to converse with Strangers ibid. The Religion of the Circas Tartars and their Idolatry ibid. Their Funerals 206. Circumcision used at Madagascar 21. Cochino formerly called Ephestias and then the chief Town of Lemnos 91. Colomna a beautiful Village in Moscovia 125 158. Communion in the Russian Church how 154. Condea a Town in Lemnos 91. Congo a good Corps du Garde and Lanthorn for the Christians to enter the Archipelago 100. Corfu an Island of great strength 96. Cosac Krim an exceeding high Mountain 173. Cosacks their Division and Limits 183. Cothany a Town in Media 238. Crap a Root used in Dying 222. Crim or Cerem Tartars their Customs Nature and Idolatry 163. Ceremonies about the Dead usual Habits and Marriages 164. Crocodiles used for Medicine at Syam 29. Cusmademianski a City upon the Wolga Czar of Moscovy sends to Amsterdam for Seamen 114. Whence and Why he is called Czaar 155. His Power and Soveraignty ibid. His Title ibid. His Revenues and strictness of Justice 156. D. DAgestan a Countrey of the Tartars subject to several Princes and Lords 210. Dagestan Tartars why so called 2●7 The nature form and way of Living of the Inhabitants ibid seqq More mercifull than the Calmucs 234. Date-Trees how procreated 341. Delos an Island in the Aegean Sea famous for the many Temples and Relicts of Heathenish Antiquities 110. Den Duyvel van TAYOVAN an Animal in Formosa so called by the Hollanders 56. Derbent the Key of Persia on the Hyrcan Sea 225. The Ruins and Relicts of the Walls thereof built by Alexander the Great 226. Watch Towers and great Slave-market at Derbent 227. Slaves unkindly used at Derbent 228. Dian Manans an imagined Deity among the Madagascars Dick Kop A small Fish of a wonderfull strength 225. Don a River formerly Tanais whence the Don Cosacks runs not into the Wolga according to the vulgar opinion 194. Dwino 136. Dydenof a Town and Wharf on the Volga 158. E. EArth-quakes frequent at Xante 99. Zantotini 107. 2 great Earth-quakes at Zantorini ibid. Several Earth-quakes at Scamachi where by one 80000 Men were destroyed Mountains and Villages removed c. 240. Easter how celebrated by the Moscovians 158. Elephants used for Executioners at Syam 47. Served in Gold 32. Wars about the white Elephant 33. A merry passage about an Elephant 63. Embro insul The English take Saint Helena 355. And the Ship Europa a Dutch East-India Ship ibid. Also the Admiral and Vice-Admiral 358. Enkurekan a venemous creature like a spider but bigger than a mouse 311. Epiphany celebrated by the Armenian Christians at Ispahan 325. Ervan or Urwan a City under Mount Ararat in Armenia 213. F. FAsts four solemn Fasts in the year in Russia and the great Prophaneness therein committed 154. Ferrara a Town in Italy 73. Firando in Japon 59. Flax a great Commodity in Moscovia 135. Formosa Insul it's Situation Clime and Circumference 55. Fertility and Products ibid. Form and complexion of the Inhabitants 56.57 A Man with a Tail burn'd at Formosa ibid. Habit of Men and Women there 58. Furrs a great Profit to the Great Duke of Moscovia 138. G. GAmeron or Bendar in Persia described 349. Garlick and Onions much used in Russia 137. Garrisenda a Tower in Bologne built crooked for a Proof of Art 72. Genua described 3. Gilan an eminent place for Silk 223. The Bay of Gilan it's compass 224. Greece described 92. Custome and usual Attire of the Inhabitants 92 93. Grotta Sybilla 70. H. HAdzi Biram Aly a rich Merchant in Persia buys the Author 229. The Author saves him from drowning ibid. His great kindness to the Author 230. Hardiness of the Russians in extremities 137 138. Hares in great abundance about Cothany 238 St. Helena Insul 63. Hemp a main Product and the staple Commodity in Moscovia 301. Het Hups te Gennip the Ship on board of which the Author was in great danger 66. Honey found in great plenty at Milo 111. And in Moscovia 135. Hosleyn a Persian Saint and Second Son to Aly a Feast celebrated to the memory of him 263 Hunting a main exercise in Formosa 59. I. St JAge Insul Situation 6. and Description 7. Japoneezes their Form Nature Habit and Customs c. 62. Ilha del Fuego 7. Ilha de Brava 8. Indrapoura Insul 24. Ispahan described 315. Judia the chief City of Syam described 27. K. Kabacks ' Alehouses or Taverns in Moscovia farmed of the