the Countrey about which gives title to the Marquess of Orestagne 8. Turrita once a Roman Colonie now little better than a ruin yet giving title to the third Arch-bishop of this Iland who is called in Latine Turritanus Here are also in divers parts of this Iland the remainders of sundry Towers and Forts which the people call Noracks from Nora one of the sonnes of Gerton who as they think came into this Countrey and built the first dwelling or mansion in it And this Tradition of the Vulgar hath so much in it of Historicall and undoubted truth that certain Colonies from Spain came and planted here under the conduct of one Nora somewhat before the expedition of the Atticks under Iolaus as Pausanias testifieth This Iland taken by the Romans from the Carthaginians as before is said was first under the immediate Jurisdiction of the Praefect of the City of Rome but after by Justinian was made a Province of his new Diocese of Africk and as a part thereof or rather an Appendix to it was challenged invaded and finally conquered by the Saracens Ano. 807. From them recovered by the joynt-forces of the Pisans and Genoese who divided it betwixt them the Southern part called Cape Cagliari being alotted to the Pisans and the Northern towards Corsica to those of Genoa But the Genoese not content with the partage their portion of the Iland being less in quantitie and worse in quality began to quarrell with the Pisans and at the last to break into open wars To part the Fray Pope Boniface the 8th bestowed it on James King of Aragon who driving thence the Genoese Ano. 1324. became Master of it The Aragonian before that did pretend some Title to it in right of the Kingdom of Sicil then in his possession to some preceding Kings whereof it had once been subject and having backed that Clame by the Popes Donation who challenged it as a part of S. Peters Patrimony incorporated it for ever to the Crown of Aragon Once indeed it was offered unto Anthony of Burbon in exchange for his Title to Navarre but without any purpose of performance that being onely a device to fetch him off from the party of the Reformed in France to which he formerly adhered and was as suddenly laid by as it had done the feat intended in the Proposition The Government hereof is by a Vice-Roy who resides at Calaris and must of necessitie be a Spaniard under whom are two Deputy Governors Spaniards also the one for Cape Caliari the other for Cape Lugudori Inferior Officers of command may be of the Natives What profits arise hence to the Crown of Spain I have no where found The Arms hereof are said to be Or a Cross Gâ—â—â—s betwixt four Saracens heads Sable curled Argent Which Arms were given upon the taking of it from the power of the Moors but first taken as some say for the Arms of Aragon on occasion of the heads of four chief Princes of the Moors which were found severed from their Bodies in the battell of Alcoraz Ano. 1094. won by Don Pedro King of Navarre and Aragon There are divers small Ilands about Sardinia as 1. Isola Rossa hereâ—efore called Phintunis 2. The Isle of Hercules now called Asinaria 3. S. Peters antiently Hiernoum or Accipitrum with others of as little note all which as the Appendants of Sardinia do belong to the Spaniard There are in this Iland Arch-bishops 3. Bishops 15. The Land of the CHURCH WEst of the Realm of Naples lyeth the LAND OF THE CHURCH extended North and South from the Adriatick to the Tuscan Seas bounded on the North-East with the River Trontus on the South-East with the Axofenus by which two parted from that Kingdom as on the North-West by the river Po and Fiore by which separated from the State of Venice and on the South-West with the river Piseo by which it is divided from the Modern Tuscany or the State of the Florentine By this Accompt the Popes dominion taketh up the whole middle of Italie having in bredth from the one Sea unto the other above one hundred miles and in the length above three hundred By which advantages it lieth most fiâ—ly for the command of all the rest it being verie easie for the Popes to convey their forces by Sea or Land into what part thereof they please And were it not that the Popes commonly are of severall factions and that the Successor pursueth not the designs of his Predecessors but hath his own ends to himself which for the most part are driven on without consideration of increasing the publike Patrimony it is not possible but that the Pope long before this time had been Lord of all And this may be conceived the rather considering the extraordinary fertility of the soyl able to spare provisions for the greatest Armies the multitudes of people which it may afford in regard they are so seldom consumed by wars and that the men of this Dominion but chiefly those of Rome and the parts adjoyning are conceived to be the best Souldiers of Italie as retaining some sparks of their Ancestors valour together with their gravity magnificence and a certain greatness of courage which seems to be particular to them of this Nation And they preserve also to this day so much of the antient Roman as to prefer any kind of life before Trades or Merchandise For though their Lands be very well tilled and their Vines well dressed and all things done exactly in the way of Husbandry yet for their Manufactures they are brought from other places as Venice Naples Florence Genoa And though they have the Sea on both sides and the advantage of many fair and commodious Rivers and Havens which with little cost might he made very usefull yet do they no way improve their fortunes or the publick Patrimony in the way of Traffick which is the main defect of the Papall Politie and filleth a rich Countrey full of poor and indigent persons But to proceed to the description of the Popes estate it containeth the Provinces of 1. Romandiola 2. Marca Anconitâ—na 3. the Territory of Ferrara 4. Ducato Spoletano 5. S. Peters Patrimony and 6. Compagna di Roma 1. ROMANDIOLA extendeth from the Rubicon East to the Venetians on the West and from the Apennine on the South to Padus and the Adriatick on the North. It was called antiently Flaminia from Flaminius the Roman Consull who having won it from the Galls planted Colonies in it and had the honour though he pursued this war against the will of the Senate to have it called by his own name and for the better passage betwixt Rome and this made a very large Causey which for a long time was called Via Flaminia The chief Cities of it are 1. Bononia or Boulogne seated in a spacious plain neer the Apennine hills a very populous City of a round form and a great circuit the building antick seeming for the most part to be the work of
a manner then by changing the old Greek word Episcopus into the new Latine word Superintendens both signifying an Overseer though in different languages And so ex Graecis bonis Latinas fecere non bonas in the Poets words which is in brief the totall of the Innovation And as they do conform thus far to the elder times in form of government so do they also come up to them in their formes of worship retaining still a setled and prescribed Liturgie for all their Churches most of the holy dayes observed in the former Ages the Crosse in Baptisme kneeling at the Communion and many other innocent and significant Ceremonies commended to the Church by most pure Antiquitie In point of maintenance as defective as the Calâ—inists are few of their Ministers having Tithes most of them pensions or stipends and those small ones also seldome exceeding two or 300. Guldens besides wood for fewell corn and some other necessaries Now because mention hath been made of the Hâ—â—se-towns and Imperiall Cities we are to understand that the Cities of this Countrey are of three sorts 1. Such as are holden in possession by some of the Princes in way of inheritance part of their patrimony and estates as Heidelberg Vienna Munchen Wittenberg c. 2. Such as are held originally of the Empire it self which are called Free Cities for their great Prerogatives of coyning money and governing themselves by their locall Ordinances Imperiall in regard they know no Lord or protectour but the Emperour only to whom they pay two third parts of such contributions as are assessed in the Assemblies or generall Diets and 1500. Floreâ—s yearly for themselves and their territories They are in number about 60. many of which are of a fair and large estate such as are Nurenberg Ausburg Ingolstade Spires Wormes c. Of which thus Guicciardine Those saith he are called Free Cities which acknowledging by a certain determinate tribute the authority of the Empire do notwithstanding in all other things govern themselves after their own laws not seeking to amplifie their territories but defend their Liberties 3. The third sort is of those which are called Hanse-towns or Hansteden that is say some An zee steden Towns upon the Sea such as those were who first entred into this confederacy but at this time the name extends to many inland Cities and of no great trading joyned with them in a league for their common defence and preservation A league made first against the Danes and the Earls of Holst by some of the Maritime Towns bordering next unto them that is to say Lubeck Hambourg Rostock Wismar Stralesund and Luneburg but afterwards many other of the Imperiall Cities and Towns of trade associated with them in an offensive and defensive league against all enemies whatsoever In number about 72. those of Livonia and Prussiâ— being taken into the reckoning many of which are able to put to sea 150. good sayle of ships such as lie more within the land contributing in money or otherwise to the common charge First hanselled by Waldomar the 3. of Denmark whom they vanquished in a navall battell After that growing into credit and driving a great trade in most parts of Christendome they enjoyed many large and ample priviledges wheresoever they came called amongst us sometime by the name of Easterlings from their Easternly dwellings and Merchants of the Steel-yard from the place where they stowed their commodities and Guilda Teutonicorum in regard of their nation for the most part Dutch But the English learning so much wit at the last as to make use of their own shipping they began here by little and little to decay and are now almost worn out of memory with us though still of good esteem and credit in other Countries The principall Rivers hereof are 1. Danubius or the Danow which rising out of Nigra Sylva or Schwartzen Wald as the Germans call it at a little Village of Schwaben called Don Eschingen about two Dutch miles from the shores of the Rhone passeth through Schwaben Bavaria Austria c. by the Cities of Vlm Regensberg Passaw Vienna Rab Buda and Belgrade beyond which it beginneth to be called Ister by which name most generally known amongst the Grecians and receiving into its channell from the long tracts of the Alpes the Sarmatian and Carpathian mountains about 60. navigable Rivers besides lesser Brooks disgorgeth his full stomach by seven severall mouths the names whereof we shall finde in Dacia into the lap of the Euxine sea the whole length of his course 1500 miles Insomuch as we may say with a modern Poet Cedere Danubius se tibi Nile negat O seven-mouth'd Nile I plainly see Danow will scarce give way to thee 2. Rhene of whose originall and course we have spoke more fully when we were in Belgium which running from Switzerland through Germany and Belgium after a course of 800. miles emptieth it self into the German Ocean The like doth also the 4. Elb Albis after a journey of more then 400 miles arising about the lower skirts of Bohemia and passing by Magdeburg and Brunswick and so betwixt the Dukedome of Holstein now part of Denmark and the rest of Germany 4. Odera which hath its fountain in the hithermost parts of Moravia and after it hath run its course through Brandenburg and Pomerania of some 300. miles in length falleth at last into the Baltick sea 5 Visurgis or the Weser which issuing out of the hils of Turingia runneth through Hassia and Westphalen to the City of Breme not far from which it fals into the German Ocean 6. Vistula or the Wixel which rising out of the Carpathian mountains betwixt Poland and Hungarie first passeth by Cracovia the chief City of Pole then betwixt Pomeren and Prussia and so into the Baltick sea the ancient boundary of this Countrey dividing it from Sarmatia Europaea 7. Maenus or the Maine which hath its spring in the mountains of Bohemia and passing by the Cities of Bamberg and Weirtzberg is received into the Rhene beneath Francford 8. Amasus or the Ems which hath its fountain near Paderborn in Westphalia and passing between the two Friselands falleth into the German Ocean not far from Emden Chief mountains of this mighty Countrey besides the Alps spoken of before which run in a long tract betwixt it and Italy are 1. Abnoba now called Schwartze wald the present name both of this Mountain and the Forrest of Martiana which doth overshadow it out of which rise the springs of Danow and the Neccar two principall Rivers of this Country 2. The Sudetae incircling Bohemia covered with the woods called anciently Gabâ—eta and Luna now called the Wolds of Passaw and Behaimer from the places adjoyning 3. Gretius in Austria now called Culemberg the ancient bounds betwixt Pannonia and Noricum two Roman Provinces 4. Vogesus commonly called Vauge and by some French writers Le Mont de Faucities which encircling Lorrain divideth it on the East and South from Elsats and the
and a great number of poor Children which they daily feed besides the Tythes of all the Mountain in which it standeth fruitful and rich and at least 30 miles in compass they have many good Farms at the foot of the said Mountain and an hundred small Villages appertaining to them out of which they raise yeerly great provision of Corn and above 2000 head of Catteil their Revenues out of Tigremaon being reckoned in A Revenne able to maintain them and their Hospitality in regard their Novices or young Monks are sent abroad to earn their living or to manure their Lands and attend the husbandrie of the house the elder onely being found at the charge of the Monastery though all alike bound to the performance of Religious Offices 5 Erocco another noted Port on the Red Sea or Bay of Arabia to which a passage openeth thorow the Streits of the Mountains as it doth to Suachen conceived to be the Adulis of Ptolomy the Aduliton of Pliny Now in possession of the Turks or at their command 6 Santar 7 Giabel 8 Laccari and 9 Abarach these four last in the Province of Dafila This Country at the present and for long time past is subject both to the Great Neguz or the Frestegian of Aethiopia and the Grand-Signeur of the Turks naturally subject to the one and tributary to the other Governed by a King of their own whom they call Barnagassus by the name of his Province a Vassal and Homager to the Aethiopian to whom he payeth the yearly tribute of 150 of the best breed of Horses besides some quantities of Silk and some other commodities but so ill neighboured by the Turks that he is fain to pay also to the Beglerbeg or Bassa a resident at Suachen 1000 Ounces of Gold yearly for a composition For the Turks having by the conquest of Egypt made themselves masters of those Countries towards Aethiopia which formerly were allied to or confederate with the Mamaluck Sultans within short time viz. An. 1558. possessed themselves also of the town of Suachen and the parts adjoyning made it the residence of one of their Beglerbegs or Bassa's and gave him the title of Beglerbeg of Abassia as before was said Forgot by the industrious Collector of the Turkish History in his enumeration of the Beglerbegs or Bassas of Africk To this they added not long after all the rest of the Sea coasts and the Port of Erocco and not content therewith after some short breathing made a further inrode in which they did so waste the Country that in the end they compelled the Barnagassian not being aided by the Neguz to this Composition 9. DANGALI 10. DOBAS SOuth and South east of Barnagasso lie the two Kingdoms of DANGALI and DOBAS that of Dangali bordering on the Red Sea the other more within the Land both of them held by the Mahometans or Arabian Moors both in continual enmity with the Abassine Emperors and both of like nature in regard of the soil and people DANGALI hath on the North Barnagasso on the South some part of the Kingdom of Adel on the East the Red-Sea or Gulf of Arabia on the West Dobas before mentioned It taketh upsome part of the Arabick Bay within the Streits of Babel-Mandel and without those Streits the greatest part of that spacious Bay which anciently was called Sinus Avaliticus as far as to the Promontory then called Mosylon neighboured by a noted Emporie of the same now the Cape of Docono neer unto which the Sea makes a little Gulf and suddenly streitneth it self again so as the Channel cannot be above ten or twelve leagues broad And in this Channel are five or six Ilands which hinder the passage so as Sailers must have good experience to avoid the Rocks which lie neer those Ilands Chief Towns hereof 1 Bebul or Babel which gives name to the Streits of Babel Mandel a narnow Frith opening out of the Bay of Arabia into the Aethiopian Ocean 2 Vella a well-frequented Port conceived to be the same which Strabo calleth Antiphila not found by that name in Ptolomy 3 Zagnani and 4 Zama in a Province of this Kingdom called Lacca 5 Docano neer the Cape so called and therefore probably the Mosylon of the antient Writers 6 Dangali not far from the Sea-side which gives name to the Kingdom Nothing else memorable of this Kingdom but that there are in it two great Lakes wherein live Crocodiles as in Nilus On the South-west of Dangali lieth the Realm of DOBAS extended on the West to the borders of Angote The Country large containing twelve or as some say 24 several Presectures Of so good Pasturage that the Kine hereof are of greater size then in other places and those for number not easily matched in all this Empire The people such professed Enemies of the Christian faith that they suffer not any man to marry till he hath killed twelve Christians Some reckon them for Tributaries to the Prete or Negus but it is only when they list so far from being Contributioners towards the support of his estate that they take from him what they can The chief of their towns 1 Doba which gives name to the whole kingdom 2 Bally upon the same River but more neer the head on which Dobas standeth 11. ADEL ADEL is bounded on the North with some parts of Dangali and the Red Sea on the South with Adea on the East with the Red-Sea and the Indian or Arabian Ocean on the West with Fatigar extended on the Sea coast from the Cape of Docono to the Cape of Guardasu conceived most probably to be the Ardmata of Ptolomy a noted Promontory in his time The Country plentiful of Flesh Hony Wax Corn Gold and Ivory great flocks of Sheep and many of those Sheep of such burdensom Fleeces that their tails weigh 25 pounds some Kine they have which have horns like a Stag others but one horn only and that in the forehead about a foot and an half long but bending backwards The People inhabiting on the Sea coasts are of Arabian parentage and of the Mahometan religion those towards the Inland Countries of the old Aethiopick race and wholly Gentiles Chief towns hereof 1 Zeila a noted Port town situate in or neer the place where Ptolomy placeth Avalites stored with variety of merchandise and yielding some representation of Antiquity in the building thereof being lime and stone materials not much used amongst them in these later times Of great both beauty and esteem till the year 1516. when sacked and burnt by the Portugals before that time the most noted Emporie of all Aethiopia for the Indian trade 2 Barbora seated on the same Sea-coast well frequented by Merchants and possibly may be the Mundi or Malao of Ptolomy neighboured by a lofty Promontory which they call Mount Fellez 3 Mette another of the Sea-towns neer the Cape of Guardafuni supposed to be the Acane of the Antient writers 4 Assam 5 Selir and 6 Bidar on the Sea-coasts
Removes Places of most importance in it are the several Havens of which it is conceived to have more and more commodious then any one Iland of the World for the bigness of it not beautified with towns or buildings but yielding very safe stations to the greatest ships the chief whereof 1 Rennosa or Roigneuse on the North of the Promontory called Cape de Raz the South-East Angle of the Iland of much resort for fishing from several Countries 2 Portus Formosus or Fair-Haven three miles North of the other capable of great ships and bearing into the main land above 40 miles Situate in the Latitude of 46. and 40 minutes 3 Thornbay by the Portugals named Enseada Grande 4 Trinity Bay on the North of Cape S. Francis by the Portugals called Bahia de la Conception a large Bay five miles broad in the narrowest place yet safe withall and of very good Anchorage 5 Bona Vesta the name of a Port and Promontory 6 White-Bay or Bay-Blanche as the French call it safe and capacious on the North of the promontory of S. John Betwixt which and Cape de Grat on the North-east Angle of the Iland is no Port of note Then on the South-side of the Iland and the West of Cape de Raz is 7 Port Trespassez 8 Port Presenza and 9 Port des Basques or the Biscains Haven and on the West-side having doubled the Cape de Raye in the South-west Angle of the Iland there is 10 S. Georges Bay all of them safe capacious and of great resort 4. Before the Iland at the distance of 25 Leagues from Cape de Raye lieth a long bank or ridge of ground extended in length many hundred leagues in breadth 24 leagues where broadest in other places but sixteen and all about it certain Ilands which Cabot by one common name called BACALAOS that name peculiar now unto one alone from the great multitudes of Codfish by the Natives called Bacalaos which swarmed hereabouts so numerous that they hindred the passage of his ships as before was noted and lay in such shoals upon the Coasts that the Bears caught them with their claws and drew them on land The Government at that time by Kings before whom the People in the most formal expressions of duty and reverence used to rub their noses or stroke their foreheads which if the King observed or accepred of and meant to grace the party which had so adored him he turned his head to his left shoulder as a mark of favour The first Discoverers of this Country but not known then to be an Iland were the two Cabots John and his son Sebastian imployed herein by Henry the 7. 1497. as before was noted the business being laid aside at his coming back was afterwards revived by Thorn and Eliot two of Bristol who taking a more perfect view of it then was took by the Cabots ascribed to themselves the discovery of it and animated King Henry the 8 unto the enterprise which was done An. 1527 but with ill success In the mean time the Normans Portugals and Britons of France had resorted to it and changed the names which by the English had been given to the Bayes and Promontories But the English would not so relinquish their pretensions to the Primier Seisin And therefore in the year 1583. Sir Humfrey â—ilbert took possession of it in the name of the Queen of England interdicted all other Nations the use of Fishing and intended to have setled there an English Colonie But being wracked in his return the sending of the Colonie was discontinued till the year 1608. when undertook by John Guy a Merchant of Bristol who most successfully performed it the Colonie so prospering in a little time that they had Wheat Rye Turneps Coleworts of their own sowing some probability of metals a certainty of Sables Musk and other precious commodities besides their fishing though that the great occasion of their setling there Such plenty is there found of Ling and Cod-fish all about the Coasts that ordinarily our men take 200 or 300 of them within four houres space which they convey from hence to all parts of Europe OF CANADA CANADA is bounded on the North with Corterialis on the South with New-England on the East with the Main Ocean the Countries lying on the West either not yet discovered or not perfectly known So called from the River Canada the greatest not of this Province only but of all this Peninsula A River which hath its Fountain in the undiscovered parts of this Northern Tract sometimes inlarged into great Lakes and presently reduced to a narrower channell with many great windings and Reaches in it Having embosomed almost all the rest of the Rivers of this Country it emptieth it self into the Great Bay of St. Lawrence over against the Isle of Assumption being at the mouth 40 Leagues in breadth and 150 Fathom deep It is also called Nova Francia from the French who following the tract of Cabot and Corterialis made a further Discovery of these parts and planted several Colonies in them The business first undertaken by Jaques Cartier An. 1534. received here gladly by the Natives with singing dancing and expressing much signe of joy pursued by Monsieur Roberval sent thither in the year 1542. by King Francis the first not only to discover the Country but to plant some parts of it who built there a fair Fortress for his greater safety followed therein by divers others of that Nation in their several times The nature of the soil and people we shall best discover in the several parts of it each differing from one another and so not easily conformed to a general Character Look we now only on the principal Rivers of the whole 1 Canada of which before 2 Pemtegonet or Norumbegue as some call it of which more hereafter 3. Quimbeque falling into the Ocean as the others do 4 Rio S. Johan ending its course in a large Bay called Bay Francoise interposed betwixt Nova Scotia and the rest of this Country 5 Les trois Riviers which rising far north and passing thorow two great Lakes falleth into the Canada 6 Sagnenay of the same Original Course and Fall A River of so strong a Current that it suffereth not the Sea to flow up its Channel so deep that in many places it attaineth to 100 Fathoms and though but narrow at the mouth yet groweth it broader and broader upwards and having received many lesser streams looseth it self at last where the other doth It containeth in it the several Regions of 1 Novia Francia specially so called 2 Nova Scotia 3 Norumbegue and 4 the Isles adjoyning 1. NOVA FRANCIA specially so named is situate on the South of Corterialis and on the North of the great River Canada towards the East but on both sides of it in the Western and more in-land parts The Country naturally full of Stags Bears Hares Matterns and Foxes whose flesh the People did eat raw till more civilized having first dried it
therefore never give their daughters to any unless he be well skilled in that game also The Women are here very chast and so well love their husbands that if at any time they chance to be slain the widows will neither marry nor eat flesh till the death of their husbands be revenged They both dance much and for more nimbleness sometimes stark naked The Sea upon the Coasts so shallow and so full of sands that it is very ill failing all along these shores The towns or habitations rather so differently called by the French Portugals and Spaniard that there is not much certainty known of them Yet most have formerly agreed upon Norumbegua or Arampec as the Natives call it said to be a large populous and well-built town and to be situate on a fair and capacious River of the same name also But later Observations tell us there is no such matter that the River which the first Relations did intend is called Pemtegonet neither large nor pleasant and that the place by them meant is called Agguncia so far from being a fair City that there are only a few sheds or Cabins covered with the barks of trees or the skins of beasts Howsoever I have let it stand on the first reports it being possible enough that the Town might fall into decay deserted on the coming of so many several Pretenders and that the Sheds or Cabins which the last men speak of may be only the remainders of it 4. Adjoyning to these Countries of Canada are several Ilands not joyned in any common name but yet deserving some consideration in this place and time The principal whereof 1 NATISCOTEC called the Isle of Assumption situate in the very mouth of the River was first discovered by Jaques Carher An. 1534. in length 35 Leagues seven or eight in breadth The Iland very plain and level of a fruitful soil beautified with Trees of several sorts replenished with great plenty both of Fowl and Fish and furnished with convenient Rodes though with no good Havens Not hitherto inhabited for ought I can find 2 RAMEAE a frie of little Ilands in the great Golf of S. Lawrence on the South of Natiscotec first found out or frequented by the Citizens of S. Malo in Bretagne An. 1590. of great resort for the Morse-fishing used upon the Coasts which is here so gainfull that a French Bark in a very little time killed 1500 of them These Morses take this by the way are a kinde of Sea-Horses or Sea-Oxen with two teeth of a foot long growing downwards out of the upper Jaw sold dearer then Ivory because esteemed a Soveraign Antidote against poisons They have also four feet no ears the horns about half an ell in length the skin when dressed twice as thick as that of a Bull their flesh when young as sweet and tender as a Veal So fat and unctuous that with the bellies of five of them there is made usually an Hogs-head of Train-oil as good as that of the Whale 3. BRION a small Iland on the South of the Rameae about two Leagues in length and as many in breadth of a rich soil fat pasturage well shaded with tall and lofty trees and neighboured by a smaller Iland called Isle Blanche of the like fertility 4. BRITON Insula Britonum so named from Jaques Breton a Frenchman in the time of Francis the first called also the Iland of S. Lawrence is situate on the South east of the Isle of Brion in form triangular in compass about 80 Leagues pleasant and fruitfull though for the most part swelled with hils Destitute of Rivers but interlaced with great Arms of the Sea well stored with shell-fish and in the midst thereof a great Lake full of little Ilands the Woods replenished with plenty of Deer black Foxes and a Bird called Pengwin Inhabited by the Natives only though the Portugals did sometimes endeavour a Plantation in it but finding the Aire too cold for them they again deserted it The chief Hauen is by the English called Newport by the French Port aux Anglois from the great resort of the English to it in regard of their fishing 5. ISLE DE SABLE by the French so called from the sands which lie high about it distant from the Breton Isle about 30 Leagues to the South 15 Leagues in compass but more long then broad and of unsafe Landing The planting of it in regard of the safety of the place attempted twice by the French and once by the Portugals but without success 6. Others of less note as Menego and Les Isles des Oiseaux I pass over purposely there being nothing or but little to be spoken of them So it appears by this Accompt that though the French have given the name of Nova Francia to all these Countries yet they never had the honour of the first discoverie wherein the English and the Portugueze had precedency of them nor are possessed of any considerable part thereof the Scots putting in for a large share the English Masters of the best Ports and all the Inlands of the Country in the hands of the Salvages Of these some great and powerfull Nations over-sway the rest the chief whereof are the Yroquois on the North-east of Norumbegua neighboured by the Ochataignins the Alboumequins and the Nebicerines the Souriquois and Etechimins of Accadie and new Alexandria the Montagnets and the Attogovantans on the banks of the Canada All of them stout and hardy people false of their words treacherous in their practises and merciless in their revenges So well acquainted with the factions and divisions of Europe that they know how to make use of one Nation against another and by that means to keep themselves in their first estate without being subject unto any So that the footing which the English French or Scots have obtained amongst them serve rather to secure themselves in the way of their Trading then to entitle them unto any possession or command in the Country the French being shut up in a few weak Forts on the North of the Canada the Scots pretending only to a Bay or two in the South of Accadie and the English being only Tenants at the will of the Natives for such conveniency of fishing as they have in the adjoyning Ilands OF VIRGINIA VIRGINIA hath on the North Canada on the South Florida on the East Mare del Noort the western boundaries not known or not well discovered So called in honour of Queen Elizabeth that Virgin-Monarch when discovered to any purpose by Sir Walter Raleigh An. 1584. By the natural Inhabitants called Apalchen from a Town of that name one of the chief in all the Country The Inland parts hereof are Mountainous and barren full of thick woods a Receptacle for wilde Beasts and the wilder Salvages Towards the Sea more plain and fruitfull as will appear by the Survey of its several Provinces Premising first that Virginia in the full Latitude thereof extendeth from the 34th degree where it joyns with
pugnabant universi vincebantur by trusting to their single forces they were all subdued For in the year 1512 John Ponce a Native of Leon in Spain setting sail with three ships from the Iland of Porto Rico on Palm-Sunday fell on the Peninsula before described and for that cause or from the flourishing verdure of it called it Florida but did no more then scowre along upon the coasts and give new names to such of the Promontories and Rivers as he had discovered and having only a slight skirmish with some of the Salvages returned back again The business eight years after was again revived by Vasques de Ayllon who setting sail from the Haven of Plata in Hispaniola attained unto the Northeast parts of this Continent bordering on Virginia where he left names unto the Promontory of S. Helen and the River of Jordan and having treacherously enslaved some of the Natives whom he had invited to a Feast prepared for Spain where he obtained the Kings Patent for a new Plantation But his perfidiousness could not prosper For in the year 1524 coming with his ships upon this Coast one of them perished on the Rocks and 200 of his men being killed at their landing he gave over the Enterprise the Spaniards hitherto making no more use of these Discoveries then wickedly to enrich themselves by stealing Men whom as wickedly they sold for Slaves Nor had the voyage of Pamphilus de Narvaez An. 1528. any better end though undertaken with a Band of 400 foot and 80 horse For having took possession of the Country in the name of his Soveraign Charles the fifth finding some hopes of great treasures to be had at Apalche distant above a moneths journey from the place of his landing he would needs march thither In which action though he got that and some other Towns yet he lost himself few of his men returning safe into their Country and they not knowing what became of their Generall As fruitless but more famous was the enterprise of Hernandes a Soto begun in the year 1538. and continued till 1543. who with a little Army of 350 Horse and 90 Foot overran a great part of the Country and brought many of the Petit Princes under the command of Spain But making only a Depraedatorie war of it to enrich himself and waste the Country without setling any Colonie or building any fortifications in it to make good his gettings the Action ended with his life which he lost by a Feaver the remnant of his Souldiers whom the war had spared under the conduct of Ludovico Muscoso di Alvarado recovering Mexico not without great difficulties And so the Spaniards leave the Stage and the French enter sent on this voyage by Gaspar Coligni Admiral of France An. 1562. under the conduct of Ribault who falling on that part of the Continent which heth on the East side of the Peninsula gave the first Promontory which he touched at the name of Cape Francois and after running Northward along that Coast new-named the Rivers thereof by the names of the Seine the Loire the Somme the Garund and others of most note in his own Country Coming as far North as the great River of Porto-Royal he there built a little Fortress which he called Fort Charles where he left 26 of his men to keep possession and returned for France his soldiers following not long after as well as they could destitute of supplies from home and not able with so small a number to command them there The Action reinforced about two years after under the conduct of Landonier who had accompanied Ribault in the former voyage by whom some further progress was made in this undertaking and a little Town built on the banks of the River Maio so called by Ribault because in that moneth discovered by him which he named Charles-Fort Arx Carolina in the Latine But a mutinie hapning amongst his men and some complaints made of him in the Court of France he was called home and Ribault sent again to pursue the enterprise Who entring on his charge in August An. 1565. was presently set on by the Spaniards both by sea and land his ships forced violently on the Rocks the new Town sacked the Colonie put unto the sword very few escaping Ribault himself murdered in cold blood by the Enemy after faith given him for his life It was thought that above 600 French were slain in this action So ended the French hopes in Florida the King being then preparing for a new Civil war and loth to engage himself against the Spaniard till the year 1627. when at the charge of Dominicus Gurgius a private person out of an honest zeal to the honour of his Country and to cry quittance with the Spaniards for their treacherous cruelty it revived again And though he found the Spaniards after the defeat of Ribault had repaired and fortified Arx Carolina and raised two Castles more on the banks of the Maio which they had furnished with such Peeces as they took from the French and garrisoned with 400 soldiers Yet giving a couragious onset by the aid of the Salvages to whom the name and neighbourhood of the Spaniards was exceeding odious he forced them all demolished the works and hanged all such of the Soldiers as the sword had spared and so returned into France where in stead of honour and reward for so great a service he was in danger of losing both his life and fortunes compelled to lurk amongst his friends till the times were changed The Spaniards after this to keep some kind of possession though not finding it in riches answerable to their greedy desires fortified S. Matthews and S. Augustines on the East-side of the Demy Iland with the Castles of S. Philip and S. Jago in other parts of the Country towards the North east thinking himself so strong in the Gulf of Mexico that no forrein forces dare appear on that side of the Country So that it seems he playes the part of Aesops Dog in the Manger neither resolved to plant there himself nor willing that any others should Having thus taken a survey of the main Land of Florida let us next take a view of such Ilands as lie dispersed up and down in the Seas adjoyning called by one general name LVCAIOS or LVCAIAE INSVLAE many in number but reducible to these three heads 1 The Tortugas 2 â—he Martyres 3 The Lucaios specially so called 1 THE TORTVGAS are seven or eight little Ilands lying on an heap at the South west point of the Peninsula called the Cape of Florida in the height of 25 Degrees distant from the Port of Havana in the Isle of Cuba opposite unto which they lie about six leagues Well known amongst the Sailers because much avoided or rather avoided because known the danger of their company making their further acquaintance shunned 2 THE MARTYRES called also the Caios are three great Rocks rather then Ilands covered with a white sand and full of bushes the middle
Brasil Chief Towns whereof 1 Santos at the bottom of an Arm of the Sea capable of good Ships of burden but distant from the Main three Leagues A Town of no more then 120 houses yet the best of this Praefecture beautified with a Parish Church and two Convents of Friers Taken and held two moneths by Sir Tho Cavendish An. 1591. since that environed with a Wall and fortified with two Castles 2 S. Vincents better built but not so well fitted with an Haven of about 70 houses and 100 Inhabitants 3 Itange and 4 Cananea two open Burroughs but capable of lesser Vessels 5 S. Paul upon a little Mountain at the foot whereof run two pleasant Rivers which fall not far off into the River of Iniambis A Town of about 100 houses one Church two Convents and a Colledge of Jesuits neighboured by Mines of Gold found in the Mountains called Pernabiacaba 6 S. Philips a small Town on the banks of Iniambis which there begins to inlarge it self and passing thence falleth at the last in the River Parana one of the greatest Tributaries to Rio de la Plata 2. Of RIO DE JANEIRO or the River of January so called because entred into that moneth by John Diaz de Solis Ana 1515. neglected by the Portugals it was seized on by the French under the conduct of Villegagnone employed herein by Admiral Chastillon a great friend of the Hugonets to whom it was intended for a place of Refuge as New-England afterwards for the like but within three years after their first coming hither An. 1558 regained by the Portugals and the French put unto the sword Places of most consideration in it 1 Collignia the Fort and Colony of the French so named in honour of Gaspar Colligni commonly called Chastillon by whose incouragement it was founded Situate on the Bay of the River Janeiro which the French called Ganabara 2 S. Sebastians built at the mouth of the same bay by the Portugals after they had expelled the French and fortified with four strong Bulwarks 3 Angra des Reyes distant twelve Leagues Westward from the Mouth of the Bay not long since made a Portugal Colony Besides these there are two great Burroughs of the natural Brasilians in which are said to be above 2000 Inhabitants 3. Of the HOLY GHOST del Spiritu Santo one of the most fertile Provinces of all Brasil well stored with Cotton-wool and watered with the River Parayba large and full of Fish The only Town of note in it is Spiritu Santo inhabited by about 200 Portugals The chief buildings of it a Church dedicated to S. Francis a Monstery of Benedictines and a Colledge of Jesuits the chief conveniency a safe and commodious Haven capable of the greatest Vessels 4. Of PORTO SEGVRO the secure Haven so called by Capralis who first discovered it when being tossed at sea by a terrible tempest he had here refreshed himself Chief Towns hereof 1. Porto Seguro built on the top of a white Cliff which commands the Haven of more Antiquity then Fame of more same then bigness as not containing fully 200 Families 2 Santa Crux three Leagues from the other a poor Town with as poor an Harbour the Patrimony and Inheritance of the Dukes of Avera in the Realm of Portugal 3 Santo Amaro or S. Omers once of great note for making Sugars for which use here were five Ingenios oâ— Sugar Engines deserted by the Portugals for fear of the Savages against whom they had not power enough to make good the place and the Sugars destroyed of purpose that they might not come into the hands of the barbarous People 5 Of DES ILHEOS or of the Isles so named from certain Iâ—ands lying against the Bay on which the principal Town is seated called also Iâ—heos or the Iland with like Analogie as a Town of good note in Flanders hath the name of Insula or Lisle The town consisting of about 150 or 200 Families situate on a little River but neighboured by a great Lake of 12 Leagues in compass out of which that River doth arise full of a great but wholsom Fish which they call Monatos some of which are affirmed to weigh eight and twenty pounds This Colony much endangered by the Guaymuri a Race of Savages more Savage then any of their Fellows who being driven out of their own Country fell into this Praefecture which they had utterly destroyed if some of S. Georges Reliques as the Jesuits tell us but I binde no man to believe it sent by their General from Rome An. 1581. had not stayed their fury and given the Portugals the better 6. Of TODOS LOS SANTOS or All Saints so called from a large Bay of that name upon which it lieth in breadth two Leagues and an half 18 Fathoms deep and full of many little Ilands but flourishing and pleasant and well stored with Cotton Wooll A Bay in which are many safe Stations and Roads for shipping and therefore of great use and consequence in those furious seas Memorable for the hardy Enterprise of Peter Heynes a Dutch man Admiral of the Navy of the United Provinces who in the year 1627 seized on a Fleet of Spaniards consisting of 26 Sail of ships four of them being Men of War all lying under the protection of the Forts and Castles built for the safety of that Bay For thrusting in amongst them with his own ship only the rest not being able to follow he so laid about him that having sunk the Vice Admiral he took all the rest conditioning only for their lives notwithstanding all the shot which was made against him from the Ships and Castles and 42 Pieces of Ordnance planted on the shore Chief Towns hereof 1 S. Salvador built on a little hill on the North side of the Bay by Thomas de Sousa adorned with many Churches and Religious houses and fortified besides the wall with three strong Castles the one called S. Antony the other S. Philip and the third Tapesipe Yet not so strong by reason of some hills adjoyning which command the Town but that it was taken by the Hollanders An. 1624. recovered by the Spaniards the next yeer after and since lost again 2 Paripe more within the Land four Leagues from S. Saviours 3 Seregippe del Rey a small Town and seated on as small a River but amongst many rich Pastures and some veins of silver 7. Of FERNAMBVCK one of the richest Praefectures for Tobacco Sugar and the great quantity of Brasil-Wood which is brought hence yeerly for the Diers in all this Country but destitute of Corn and most other necessaries with which supplied from the Canaries and sometimes from Portugal Chief Towns hereof 1 Olinda the largest and best peopled of all Brasil containing above 2000 persons not reckoning in the Church-men nor taking she great number of slaves which they keep for their Sugar-Works into the Accempt for whose use they have here eight Parochial Churches five Religious houses and some Hospitals Situate neer the Sea
or but meanly populouâ— 2 Venezuela the most Western Town of all the Province commonly called Coro situate in the Latitude of 11 Degrees built on the Sea where it hath an Haven on each side the one capacious but not safe the other safe enough but not very capacious But being built in a sweet and healthie aire and neighboured by the richest soil of all the Country it hath been long the ordinary seat of the Governour and the See of a Bishop Suffragan to the Archbishop of Domingo in Hispaniola Once suddenly surprized by the English An. 1595. and burnt to ashes but as suddenly repaired again 3 Caravalleda or Nuestra Sennora de Caravalada 80 leagues from Coro towards the East seated upon the Sea neer an unsafe Haven and defended from assault by the Castle of Caracas so called from the name of the Tribe in which it standeth Neer unto which the hils arise to so great an height that they seem to equal the Pike of Tenarisse so much talked of 4 S. Jago de Leon in the same tribe of the Caracas took by the English the same year 5 Nova Valentia 25 leagues from S. Jago de Leon and from Coro 60. 6 New Xeres lately built fifteen leagues on the South of New Valentia 7 Nova Segovia one league only from New Xerez situate on the banks of Baraquicemiti the most noted River of this tract 8 Tucuyo in the Valley so called not very large but plentifully loaded with rich Sugar canes for which some Sugar works or Ingenios are here lately built 9 Truxillo or Nuestra Sennora de la Paz eighteen leagues on the South of the great Lake of Maracaybo on which the Inhabitants hereof have a Village which belongs unto it where they hold a Factorie for the sale of their wires 10 Laguna on the bottom of the Lake it self not else observable but for the multitude of Tygers which do haunt about it This Country discovered by Columbus and named by Alfonso de Oreda as before is said was first pretended to for Neighbourhoods-sake by the Spaniards planted in Cubagna Afterwards John de Anpuez by order from the Counsell resident at Domingo in Hispeniola was employed in the Discovery of it An. 1527. But Charles the fist having taken up great sums of money of the Velseri a wealthy Family of Augspurg pawned this Country to them by whom Ambrosius Alfinger was sent with 400 foot and 80 horse to take possession But he and his Successors in that imployment not minding so much the Conquest as the spoil of the Country the Counsell of Domingo undertook the business once again and in the year 1545. sent over one John de Caravayal who treading in the steps of the Germans or rather outgoing them in all forts of Rapine was outed on a second order by one John Perez de Tolosa by whom the Province was reduced into some good order In the year 1550. the Negroes brought hither in great multitudes out of Africk began to mutiny but their Design discovered and themselves all slain Peace and contentment following after all these troubles the Country was in little time so thorowly planted and the Natives so incouraged in their several Tribes that notwithstanding the destructions made by the Germans and Spaniards here were reckoned not long since above 100000 of the Savages not numbring those above fifty or under eighteen years of Age who by an Order of the Counsell of Spain for these parts of America are exempt from Taxes 3. MARGARITA is an Iland situate over against the Salina or Salt-Lake in Cumana from the Main-land whereof it is distant about seven Leagues So called from the abundance of Pearls which the Spaniards found at the first Discovery which the Latinists call Margaritas and from them the Spaniards Which though it signifie no other then the Vulgar or common Pearl yet here were also store of those of the greater estimate such as the Romans by the figure of Antiphrasis called Uniones because they always grew in couples Nulli duo reperiuntur indiscreti saith Plinie unde nomen Unionum soilicet Romanae imposuere deliciae The Isle affirmed to be 16 Leagues in length and six in breadth situate under the 11. Degree of Northern Latitude Well stored with Pearls upon the Shores when first discovered but even then when most plentifully stored with that Commodity she had not water of her own to quench her thirst compelled to fetch it from Cumana Otherwise plentifull enough both of Maize and Fruits The People obsequiously servile to their Lords the Spaniards so long accustomed unto bondage that it is now grown another nature Places of most importance in it 1 Monpater in the East corner of the Iland a Fort of the Spaniards built for securing their rich Trade of Pearl fishing and to defend their ships which lie there at Anchor within the command whereof is a little Burrough and the house of the Governour 2 El valle de Santa Luzia two Leagues from the Sea a Spanish Colony 3 Makanao the chief Village of the Natives This Iland first discovered in the third Voyage of Columbus Anno 1498. grew suddenly into great esteem by reason of the rich Pearl fishing which they found on the shores thereof And in regard the Natives were so ready to betray their Treasures of which themselves made little reckoning they found more favour from the Spaniards and obtained more liberties from the King then the rest of the Savages Insomuch that the Spaniards either could not or would not compell them to dive into the Sea for Pearl but bought Negro slaves from Guinea and the Coasts of Africk whom they inforced with great Torments to dive unto the bottom of the Sea many times seven or eight Fathom deep to bring up the shels in which that Treasure was included where many of them were drowned and some maimed with Sharks and other Fishes But that rich Trade is much diminished of late if it fail not quite The cause thereof to be imputed to the unsatiable avarice of the Spaniards so greedy upon Pearl that they destroyed the very Seed and making gain of whatsoever they could meet with for a little present profit lost the hopes of the future The Iland since less famous and not much frequented Visited to its cost in the year 1601 by the English under Captain Parker who received here 500. l. in Pearls for the ransom of Prisoners and took a Ship which came from the Coast of Angola laden with 370 Negroes to be sold for Slaves 4. CVBAGNA is an Iland lying betwixt Margarita and the Promontory of Aroya upon the Continent from the first distant but one League from the other six it self in compass about three Rich on the shores by the abundance of Pearls which were found about them but very beggerly on the Land Destitute both of grass and water by consequence of Cattel also except only Conies and but few of those So that like many a Gallant who spend all upon
they cannot hurt or dare not Both Sexes wear their hair long and colour their bodies over with Oaker Yet bloody and barbarous though they be they are ruled by a King of their own distinguished from the rest in his dress or habit whom they most readily obey 6. DESSEADA or the Land of Desire on the North east of Dominica Discovered by Columbus in his second Voyage naked of Trees and at the first sight afar off not unlike a Galley Of great use to the Spaniards who always take it in their way from the Canaries to the parts of America and back again at their return The like use do they make of 7. The Isle of GVADALVPE parallel to this but directly Westward at which the Fleets which come from Spain use to take fresh water and there disperse themselves to their several Ports Eight miles in length and of good Anchorage in most parts of the Sea adjoyning North-cast from hence lieth 8. S. Maria del Antigna commonly called ANTIGNA onely and by some mistakingly ANTEGO Seven leagues in length and as much in breadth difficult of access and destitute of fresh water but well replenished of woods and provided of Fens Of late times made a Colonie of the English who do still possess it 9. S. CHRISTOPHER on the North-west of Guadalupe in the Latitude of 17 Degrees 20 Minutes The length six miles the breadth in many places four and in some but two much swelled with hils and towards the East provided of several Salt-wiches The French and English had sometimes in it their several Colonies by whom the Natives were destroyed or otherwise compelled to forsake their dwellings convict as was pretended of some manifest treacheries But the two Colonies did not long enjoy the sole possession ejected by Frederick de Toledo as he passed this way with his Navie tâ—ough suffered to return to their former dwellings as 〈◊〉 profitable then dangerous to the Crown of Spain Their chief employment and commoditie lies in their Tobacco by some much commended Joyning hereto or but a League from it at the most is 10. The Isle of NIEVES affirmed to be five leagues in compass well wooded and as pleasantly watered insomuch as the Inhabitants of the Isle of Dominica used to come hither for their pleasures but for hunting chiefly Now famed for some Bathes or Hot Waters found out by the English who in the year 1528. placed a Colonie in it But whether subsisting of it self or a part of their Plantation in S. Christophers I am yet to learn 11. SANCTA CRVX by the Inhabitants called Ayay on the North-west of S Christophers and the South-east of Porto Rico from which last distant 15 leagues Woody and mountainous not well provided of fresh waters but on the West-side furnished with a safe and commodious Road under the covert of the mountains Amongst their fruits some that resemble a green Apple which tasted so iâ— flames the tongue that for 24 houres it swelleth in so great extremity as makes it altogether useless but after that by little and little it abates again The like hapneth also to the face if washed before sunâ—ising with their Fen-waters which are very frequent in this Iland after the rising of the sun without any harm at all In this there is a Colonie of the English also but of later standing then those of S. Christophers and Barbados Some of the principal of the rest 1 Anguilla 2 Barbada 3 S. Bartholmews 4 S Lucies 5 S. Martins 6 Montferrat 7 Rotunda 8 Saba 9 Virgo Gorda 10 Sumbrero of which we have little but the names the rest though known by several names are not worth the naming Onely we are to adde concerning the whole Nation of Caribes once here inhabiting that they did usually hunt for Men as Men for Beasts roving as far as Porto Rico to seek after their prey and what they caught was sure to go to the pot in the worst sense too Columbus when he was at the Isle of Guadalupe found 30 Captive Children which were reserved to be eaten and in their houses divers vessels filled with Mans flesh and some upon the spit ready to be roasted Nor had they laid aside this diet till after the year 1564. but how long I know not For at that time a Spanish ship coming to water at the Isle of Dominica they cut her Cables in the night haled her to the land and devoured all that were in her But the Ilands have been of late times well cleared of these Monsters some of them brought unto better order but the most destroyed as the common Enemies of mankind the Ilands where they dwelt being either totally deserted or taken up by the Europaeans and their several Colonies 2. PORTO RICO And 3. MONICO PORTO RICO lyeth on the North-west of Sancta Crux from which distant about 15 Leagues and near upon as many from Hispaniola 136 Leagues from the main Land of Paria and not much less from the Cape of Coquibocco in Rio de la Hacha a Province of Castella Aurea It took this name from the chief Town and Haven of it but was called by Columbus at the first discovery S. Johannis Insula oâ— the Isle of S. Johns by the Natives Boriguen It is situate under the 18 and 19 Degrees of Northern Latitude in form quadrangular but of a greater length then breadth such as the Geometricians call oblongum The length thereof being 30 Leagues and the breadth but 20. The Ayr hereof very pleasant and temperate not scorched with furious heats in Summer nor made offensive by the fall of continual rains exposed sometimes chiefly in August and September to the trouble somness of sudden tempests called Hericanos The soyl indifferently fruitful though somewhat Mountainous here being besides other Hils of inferiour note a ridge of high Hils which run cross the Country from the one end unto the other Their chief commodities Sugar canes Ginger Cassia and great store of Hides the Europaean Cattle having so abundantly increased that they kill thousands for their skins leaving the flesh to be a prey unto Dogs and Birds Some Mines here were of Gold and Silver but consumed long since And so are all the Natives also of whom in that respect impertinent to give any Character Chief Rivers of the Iland 1 Cairobon 2 Boyaman of divers fountains and of severall and divided courses 3 Luysa 4 Toa two Rivers growing out of one The Spring of that one in the Mountains of Guayamo whence running Northwards in one Channel 16 Leagues together doth afterwards divide it self into those two streams 5 Guiano 6 Arezibo 7 Guabiabo of lesser note but all of them as well as all the rest before concluding in some safe and capacious Haven Places of most importance in it 1 Porto Rico the chief town built in a little Iland on the North side of the greater but joyned unto it with huge piles and vast expences by the command of Philip the first
encouragement wherein he gave me this direction following The News saith he of this New Streit coming into Spain it pleased that King in the year 1618 to send and searâ—â— whether the truth were answerable unto the Report And finding it 〈◊〉 much broader then the other and not above seven Dutch miles long decreed that being the more 〈◊〉 and compendious way for Navigators and less subject to dangers his Auxiliary Forces should be sent that way into the East Indies to defend the Philippinae and Molucco Ilands and the way by the Cape of good Hope to be left In regard that every such voyage requireth twice as much time besides the variety of winds and often change of the Air not only troublesom but full of disâ—â—â—es consumeth the one half of the men before they return Whereas â—â—is way gaineth time and if need be they may dispatch business in the West as they travell into the East without any extraordinary danger or loss of men So far the very words of my letter The intelligence given me in this Lâ—tter I finde confirm'd in a Relation of the Voyage made by Captain Don Iuan de More Anno 618 at the command and charge of the King of Spain who presently arm'd and furnished eight tall Ships to send this new way unto his Philippines and Moluccos under the conduct of Petrus Michaeles de Cordoelâ—n Since it hath been found by experience that even from our parts to the Moluccos through this â—retum de Mayre is but a passage of eight moneths Sine ulla insigni navigantium clade saith the Narrator But of this streit enough to 〈…〉 my unknown 〈◊〉 willers 〈◊〉 and enform my Readeâ— extreamly sorry that the Gentleman was 〈…〉 to 〈◊〉 his name that so his memory might have lâ—ved in these Papers if they themselves bedest nate to a longer life Now for the nature of the sâ—il it is said to be very full of Mountains but those Hills apparelled with woods intermâ—xt with Vallâ—es the Vallies for the most part full of little Brooks which fall down from the Mounâ—â—â—ns and afford good Paâ—â—urage the Sea-coasts well provided of Bays and Roads not unsafe for shipping though the Air everywhere but châ—fly neer the Sea be much subject to Tempests As for the People they are said to be of a white complexion but their Face Arms and Thighs coloured with a kinde of Oâ—er of full stature and well proportioned their hair black which they wear long to seem more terrible The men most generally naked the women only shaded on their secret parts with a pace of Leather Towns they have none nor any Habitations which deserve the name of Houses so that the most which we can do is to Coast the Iland In which we finde towards Mare del Noort 1. A large Arm of the Sea called Entrado de S. Sebastian 2. The Cape of S. Ives 3 Mauritius land 4. Promontorio de Buen Suscio or the Cape of Good Success Opposite where unto in another Iland is the Cape of S. 〈…〉 and betwixt them the Streit called Fretum le Maire Then in the New South Sea as they call it there are 5. Barnwelts Iland 6. the Ilands of S. Ildesonso 7. Cape Horn on a fair Promontory in the South west Ande which doubled the Countrie goes along with a strait shore on which I finde some Bayes and Capes but no names unto them till we come to the VVestern entrances of the Streits of Magellan opposite unto Cape Victoria so often mentioned 2. INSVLAE SOLOMONIS or the Ilands of Solomon are situate on the VVest of Terra del Fogo 11 degrees on the South of the Equinoctial Discovered in the year 1567 by Lopes Garcia de Castro sent by the Vice Roy of Peru to finde out new Countries By whom thus named in hope that men would be the rather induced to inhabit in them imagining that Solomon had his Gold from these Lands of Ophir In number they are many but 18. the principal Some of which 300 miles in compass others 200 and others of them less till we come to fifty and beneath that none All liberally furnished with Dogs Hogs Hens Cloves Ginger Cinnamon and some veins of Gold The chief of these eighteen are 1 Guadalcanal supposed to be the greatest of them upon the coast whereof the Spaniards sailed 150 Leagues where they found a Town which they burned and sacked because the People of it in a sudden surprize had killed fourteen of their men 2 S Isabella 150 leagues in length and eighteen in breadth the Inhabitants some black some white some of brown complexion 3 S. Nicolas 100 Leagues in compass inhabited by a People which are black of hue but said to be more witty then the other Salvages All of them situate betwixt the Strests of Magellan and the Ilands of Thieves and yet not well agreed upon amongst our Authors whether to be accompted Ilands or a part of the Continent The Spaniards having layled 700 Leagues on the Coasts hereof and yet not able to attain unto any certainty But being they pass generally in Accâ—mpt for Ilands and by that name are under the Vice Roy of Peru who appoints their Governours let them pass so still 3. NOVA QVINEA lyeth beyond the Ilands of Solomon in respect of us preceeding 〈◊〉 have begun from the Land of Fire Discovered as before was said An. 1543. by Vilia Lobuâ— Horrera attributes the discovery of it to Alvarez de Saavedra and sets it higher in the year 1527. more perfectly made known if I guess aright by Fernando de Quir. Who being sent with two Ships to make a more full discovery of the Ilands of Solomon and taking his course about the height of the Magellan streits discovered a main Land coming up close to the Aequinoctial on the Coasts whereof he 〈◊〉 800 Leagues till he found himself at last in the Latitude of 15 Degrees discovering a large Bay into which fell two great Rivers where he purposed to settle a Plantation and to that end presented a Petition to the King of Spain This Country I conceive by the site and position of it to be Nova Guinea coming up close as that doth to the Aequinoctial and after turning to the South towards the Tropick of Capricorn where it joyneth with Malatur And taking it for granted as I think I may I shall afford the Reader this Description of it out of his Memorials in which it is soberiy affirmed to be a Terrestrial Paradise for wealth and pleasures The Country plentifull of Fruits Coco-nuts Almonds of four sorts Pomâ—citrens Dates Sugar canes and Apples plenty of Swine Goats Hâ—ns Partâ—iges and other Fowl with some Kine and Buffals Nothing inferiour as it seemeth to Guinea in the Land of Negroes and from thence so named For as he saith he saw amongst them Silver and Pearls and some told him of Gold the Countries on the Coast seeming to promise much felicity within the Land The Ayr he found to be
apparition of that Saint to his Father Charles the seventh on Orleans Bridge in his wars against the English The Seat thereof was first at S. Michaels Mount in Normandy a place which had held longest for the French Kings against the English but it was afterwards removed to Bois de Vincennes not far from Paris S. Michaels day the time of the Solemnity and Mount S. Michael the name of the Herald which did attend upon the Order which in most things was presidented by that of the Garter 5 Of the Holy-Ghost ordained by Henry the 3d Anno 1579 to rectifie the abuses which had crept into that of S. Michael having been of late times given to unworthy persons to reduce which to its first esteem he ordered that the Collar of S. Michael should be given to none who had not first been dignified with this of the Holy-Ghost into which none to be admitted but such as can prove their Nobility by three descents Their Oath is to maintain the Romish-Catholick Religion and persecute all Opponents to it Their Robe a black Velvet Mantle powdred with Lillies and Flames of Gold the Collar of Flower de Lyces and Flames of Gold with a Cross and a Dove appendant to it And hereunto he gave the name of the Holy-Ghost because this Henry was on a Whit sunday chosen King of Poland I omit the other petit orders as those of the Cock and Dog by them of Montmorencie of the Porcupine by them of Orleans and of the Thistle by them of Burbon The Arms of the French Kings in the dayes of Pharamond and his three first Successors were Gules three Crowns Or. Clovis the Great altered them to â—zure Seme of Flower de Lyces Or and Charles the sixt to Azure 3 Flower de Lyces Or. In which last changes they were followed by the Kings of England varying the Coat of France which they enquartered with their own as the French Kings did and by the Princes of the blood who bear the Arms of France with some difference onely for the distinction of their Houses There are in France Archbishops 17. Bishops 107. And Vniversities 15. Viz. 1 Paris 2 Orleans 3 Bourges 4 Poictiers 5 Angiers 6 Caen 7 Rhemes 8 Bourdeaux 9 Tholouse 10 Nismes 11 Montpelier 12 Avignon 13 Lyons 14 Besancon 15 Dole And so much for France THE PYRENEAN HILLS BEtwixt France and Spain are the Mountains called Pyrenae the reason of which name is very differently reported Some fetch the Original thereof from Pyrene a Nymph the Daughter of one Bebrix said by old Fablers to have been here ravished by Hercules others conceive they were so called because much stricken with Lightnings those Celestial Flames But being the name doth most undoubtedly proceed from a Greek word which signifieth Fire the more probable opinion is that they took this name from being fired once by Shepherds these Hills being then extremely overgrown with woods the Flame whereof raged so extremely that the Mines of Gold Silver being melted by the heat thereof ran streaming down the Mountains many dayes together the fame of which invited many Forrein Nationâ— to invade the Countrie Which Accident they place 880 yeers before the Birth of our Saviour Hereunto Diodorus Siculus an old Greek Writer addes no small authoritie who speaking of this conflagration as Aristotle and Strabo also de addeth withall 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to say these Mountains had the name of 〈◊〉 from the fire which many dayes together so extremely raged And this tradirion backed by so good autoritie I should rather credit than fetch the derivation as Bocharâ—uâ— doth from Purani a Phoenician word signifying dark or shadie though true it is that these Mountains antiently were very much overgrown with woods as before was noted But whatsoever was the reason why they had this name certain it is that they have been of long time the naturall bound betwixt the great and puissant Monarch of France and Spaine terminating as it were their desires and purposes against each other as well as their Dominions if any thing could put a bound to the designes of ambitious Princes Yet not more separated by these Mountainâ— than by those jealousies and fears which they have long since harboured of one another each of them manifestly affecting the supreme command So that we may affirm of them as the Historian doth of others on the like occasion Aut montibus aut mutuo metu sâ—parantur These mountains also make that â—stâ—mus or neck of Land which conjoyn Spain to the rest of Europe the Câ—aeâ—tabrian Ocean fiercely beating on the North-West the Mediterraâ—ean Sea more gently washing the South-East thereof Their beginning at the Promontorie now called Oiarco the Ocâ—so of Ptolomie not far from the Citie of Baionne in France bordering on the Sea Cantabrick From thence continued South-East-wards betwixt both Kingdoms to Cabo de Creux by the antients called Templum Veneris on the Mediteryanean not far from the Citie of Rhoda now Rosas one of the Port Towns of Catalonâ—a The whole length not reckoning in the windings and turnings affirmed to be 80 Spanish leagues at three miles to a league The highest part thereof by the Spaniards called Canigo and by the Latines named Canus from which as it is said by some there is a Prospect in a cleer day into both the Seas But whether this be true or not for I dare not build any belief upon it it is no doubt the highest part of all these Mountains and took this name from the whiteness or hoariness thereof as having on its top or summit a Cap of snow for most part of the year In which respect as the Alpes took their name ab albo that in the Sâ—bine Dialect being termed Alpum which by the Latines was called Album as before we noted so did Mount Lebanon in Syria take its name from Leban which in the Phoenician Language signifieth white and Lebanah whiteness Such people as inhabit in this mountainous tract have been and shall be mentioned in their proper places I only adde and so go forwards towards Spain that the barbarous people of these Mountains compelled Sertorius in his hasty passage into Spain when he fled from the power of Sylla's Faction to pay them tribute for his pass at which when some of his Souldiers murmured as thinking it dishonourable to a Proconsul of Rome to pay tribute to the barbarous nations the prudent Generall replyed that he bought only time a Commoditie which they that deal in haughty Enterprises must needs take up at any rate OF SPAIN HAving thus crossed the Pyrenees we are come to Spain the most Western part of all the Continent of Europe environed on all sides with the Sea except towards France from which separated by the said Mountains but more particularly bounded upon the North with the Cantabrian on the West with the Atlantick Ocean on the South with the Streits of Gibraltar on the East with the Mediterranean and on the
the relation of his travels that being becalmed about these Ilands there came a Woman swiming from one of them with a Basket of fruit to sell But that which made them 〈◊〉 talked oâ— in former times was the harm done them by their Conies which here and in the neighbouring Continent increased so wonderfully that Varro telleth us of a Town in Spain undermined by them and Strabo that they did not only destroy their Plants but rooted up many of their trees Insomuch that the Inhabitants did request the Romans to give them some new seats toinhabit in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 being ejected by those creatures out of their possessions whose multitudes they were not able to resist And when that could not be obtained they moved Augustus Caesar as Plinie telleth us for some aid against them who insteed of Souldiers sent them Ferrets by which their numbers were diminished in a little time These Islands were first planted by the Tyrians or Phoeniciâ—ns the founders of many of their Cities one of which in the Isle of Ebusus had the name of Phoenissa From them also they derived the Art of Slinging Made subject to the Carthaginians under the Conduct of Hanno and Himâ—ico Anno M. 5500. or thereabouts at what time the Decemvirâ— Governed Rome Under that State they remained subject till the end of the second Punick war when Carthage was no longer able to protect them made a State of themselves till conquered by Metellus the Brother of him who subdued Creet The people were much given to Piracy and seeing the Roman Navy sayling by their Coasts supposed them to be Merchant Men assaulted them and at first prevailed But the Romans getting betwixt them and the shore discovered from whence they came and forced them to an unwilling submission for which Metellus was rewarded with the honour of a Triumph Being once made a Province of Spain they alwaies after that followed the fortunes thereof In the distraction of the Empire of the Moores in Spain they were united into one Kingdom by the name of the Kingdom of Majorca won from the Moores by Raymond Earl of â—arâ—elone with the help of the Genoese 1102. By the Genoese delivered to the Moores again and from them reconquered by Iames King of Aragon descended from that Raymond Anno 〈◊〉 Of these Estates consisted the Kingdom of Majorca erected by King Iames the first immediatly on his recovery of these Ilands from the hands of the Moores and by him given unto 〈◊〉 his second Sonne who fearing the displeasure of his Brother King Peter the 3d submitted his new Kingdom to the Vâ—ssalage of the Crown of Aragon yet could not this so satisfie the ambition or jealousies of those mightier Kings as to preserve his Successors in possession of it By 〈◊〉 the 4th extorted from King Iames the fourth and last King thereof under colour of denying his accustomed â—â—mage So ended The Kings of Majorea of the House of Aragon 1. Iames the first sonne to â—ames the first King of Aragen 2. Iames I. Sonne of Iames the first 3. Ferdinand Brother of James the 2d 4. Iames III. Sonne of Ferdinand over-come and slain in battel by Pedro the 4th King of 〈…〉 and other Members of this little Kingdom remaining ever since united unto that Crown except Montpelier sold by this Iames unto the Freuch 13 ARAGON ARAGON hath on the East the Land of Rousillon and the Pyrenees on the West the two Castiles on the North Navarre on the South and South-East 〈◊〉 and some part of Valentia so called from the River Aragon by which it is divided from the Realm oâ— Navarre where the first Princes of this house having won certain Towns from the hands of the Infidels commanded as Lords Marchers under the Kings of that Realm and called themselves for that reason the Earls of Aragon spreading the name as they enlarged their bounds by ensuing conquests The Countrie lieth on both sides of the River Iberus and hath also severall Riverets as Gallâ—go Senga Xalon and Cagedo running like so many veines thorough the bodie of it yet it is generally so destitute of waters and so ill-inhabited especially towards the Mountains of the Pyrenees that one may travell many dayes and find neither Town nor house nor people But where the Rivers have their course the Case is different the Valleys yeelding plenty both of Corn and Fruits especially about Calataiub where the air is good and the soyl fruitfull The antient Inhabitants were the Celtiberi who took up a great part of Tarraconensis divided into lesser Tribes not here considerable These sprung originally from the Celâ—ae as before is said the greatest and most potent Nation of all Gallia who being too populous for their Countrey or willing to employ themselves upon new Adventures passed the Pyrenees and mingled themselves with the Iberâ— From thence the name of Celâ—iberi and Celtiberia according unto this of Lucan profugique à gente vetusta Gallorum Celtae miscentes nomen Iberi Who being chas'd from Gaule their home did frame Of Celtae and Iberi mixt one name Others of less consideration were the Jaccetani and Lacetani with parts of the Edetani and Illergetes Places of most importance in it are 1 Jacca the chief Citie heretofore of the Iaccetani seated amongst the Pyrenees and for that cause chosen for the chief seat and residence of the first Kings of Aragon continued there till the taking of Saragâ—ssa by Alfonso the first 2 Calataâ—â—b seated on Xalon in the best Countrey of Aragon so called from Aiub a Moorish Prince the first Founder of it Not far from which upon an hill stood the old Town Bilbilis a Muaicipium of the Romans and the birth-place of Martiall 3 Venasque amongst the Pyrenees 4 Balbastro on the Sâ—nga formerly called Burtina now a Bishops See 5 Lâ—rida on the River Segre as some say but others place it on the Songa which rising in the Pyrenees divideth Catâ—lonia from Aragon and so passeth into Iberus Now an Universitie called formerly Ilerda and famous for the Incounter hapning nigh unto it betwixt Herculâ—ius Treasurer or Questor to Sertorius and Mâ—â—ilius Proconsul of Gallia wherein Manilius was so discomfited and his Army consisting of 3 Legions of Foot and 1500 Horse so routed that he almost alone was scarce able to recover this Citie few of his souldiers surviving the overthow 6 Moson famous for entertaining the King of Spain every third year At which time the people of Aragon Valence and Catalogne present the King 600000 crowns viz. 300000 for Catalogne 200000 for Aragon and 100000 for Valâ—ntia And well may they thus doe for at other times they sit Rent-Free as it were only they acknowledge the King of Spain to be the head of their Common-wealth This revenue is proportionably 200000 Crowns a year all which if not more the King again expends in maintaining his Vice-Royes in their severall Provinces 7 Huesca called of old Osca somewhat South of Iaca an Universitie a place
and the Brother of Guigne the sixt the last Daulphin of this Line Of whose surrendrie and the reasons which induced him to it we have spoke at large fol. 191. and thither I remit the Reader Then for the Errors of the Press with their emendations and corrections Fol. 147. l. 5. for Germans r. German words 148. 46. for Bosomon r. Baisemain 151. 32. for Mayenne r. Maine 152. 60. for Galatia r. Galatia 153. for Celto-Scyâ—bia r. Celta-Scythia 155. 63. for Chrysogonelle r. Grisogonelle 156. 49. for 14000 r. 140000. Fol. 159. 54. for Azuâ—e r. Argent 16â— 66. for 13th r. 11th 165. 47. for Brien r. Brieux 170. 46. for Antecum r. Autricum 173. 33. for Philip the Good r. Philip the third Sonne of Philip the Hardy 174. 27. for Ovillac r. Aurillac 181â— 28. for Nimines r. Ximines 191. 3. for the Praesectus r. the Seat of the Praefectus ib. 52. for usually r. not usually 193. 51. for Aâ—axis r. Araris 194 for given r. were given 198. 12. for war r. wave 199. ult for first r. last 201. 67. for did r. was 211. 10. for first r. second 221. for Review r. thus a View ib. 46. for Garvine r. Gurvinea ib. 63. for Countrie r. Continent 244. 37. for Sorgorve r. Segorve 248. 4. for three r. six 252. 48. to the North adde and some few of the neglected Ilands 260. 22 for honest death r. the hour of his death ib. 33. for those Fronts r. the Fronts 264. 26. for Pero-Benefices r. Parochiall Benefices ib. 48. for pursued r. pursuing ib. 52 for Guipuse r. Guipâ—scoa 6000 Fol. 265. 22. for acknowledge r. know ib. 34. for Avala r. Avalonia 266. 32. dele he said 269. 4. for it r. but ib. â— for antient r. antiently 274. 4. for making r. made ib. 32. dele out of Italie 278. 40. for 5. r. 15 fol. 263. 15. for as we have already proved r. as we are ready to prove 265. 57. dele in that saying 250. l. 4. for containing r. containeth 292. 63. for Place r. State 298. 43. for a Foot r. twelve Foot 303. 66. for Henry 5. r. Henry 6. 312. 40. for Oma Caghlon r. Oma Maghlin 319 19. for North South r. East and West ibid. 63. for 13 r. 23. COSMOGRAPHIE THE SECOND BOOKE CONTAINING THE CHOROGRAPHIE AND HISTORY OF BELGIVM GERMANIE DENMARK SWETHLAND RVSSIA POLAND HVNGARIE SCLAVONIA DACIA and GREECE With the ISLES thereof By PETER HEYLYN TACIT HIST. l. 4. Humanarum rerum possessionem Trans-Alpinis gentibus portendi Druidae canebant SENEC de Consolat ad ALBINUM Quotidie aliquid in hoc magno Orbe mutatur Nova Urbium fundamenta jaciuntur nova Gentium nomina extinctis nominibus prioribus oriuntur LONDON Printed for HENRY SEILE M.DC.LII COSMOGRAPHIE THE SECOND BOOK CONTAINING THE CHOROGRAPHY and HISTORY OF Belgium Germanie Denmark Swethland Muscovie Poland Hungarie Dalmatia Dacia Greece with the Isles thereof Of BELGIVM HAving pursued the fortunes of the Roman Empire through the 4 Western Dioceses or Divisions of it wholly subdued to the command of that conquering State let us next look on those Countries which lay further North and either never felt the force of the Romane Armies or were but conquered in part oâ— els were reckoned as the members of some great Province Of this last sort was all that tract which is now called Belgium or the Netherlands bounded on the East with Westphalen Gulick Cleve and the land of Triers Provinces of the Higher Germanie on the West with the main Ocean which divides it from Britain on the North with the River Ems which parts it from East-Frizeland on the South with Picardie and Champagne two French Provinces upon the South-east with the Dukedome of Lorrain By the Latins especially of these last times it is called Belgium from the Belgae the most potent people of all these parts and sometimes also Germania inferior or the Lower Germanie in the same sense as by the English it is called the Low Countries and the Netherlands from their low situation and the conformity which they have with the other Germans in Laws Language Customes and Manners The more peculiar name is Flanders which though but one of the 17 Provinces hath yet given denomination to all the Netherlands the people of which were once generally called by the name of Flemmings and that either for the power of that Province in regard of the others or by reason of the great trade and traffick formerly driven at the Fairs or Marts of Bruges a Town thereof by the Merchants of all parts of Europe or in respect that lying neerer then the rest to France Spain Italy and England that name was better known and took notice of But this was when the whole Countrey was under the command of many Princes of which the Earls of Flanders wâ—re esteemed most potent And though this name continued also after the incorporating of most of these Provinces in the house of Burgundie at which time they were called the Estates of Flanders yet since the falling off of Holland and the rest of the Vnited Provinces from the Kings of Spain it hath lost this honor the name of Flanders being now restrained within narrower bounds And for the name of Belgium though I find that name most currant amongst the Latines of this age yet I see little reason for it For first the Provinces of Flanders Hainault Namurce Luxembourg Limbourg Brabant Holland Zeland Vtrecht and Gelderland with their Appendixes were never reckoned of as parts of old Belgium or Gallia Belgica And secondly old Belgium or Gallia Belgica contained many large estates which are not now within the reckoning of these 17. Provinces that is to say Alsâ—tia and a great part of the lower Palatinate the Dukedomes of Lorraine Cleve and Juliers the Bishopricks of Colen Mentz and Triers and so much of France as containeth the Privince of Picardie and part of Champaigne As for the Belgae from whence we have the names of Belgium and Gallia Belgica they were originally Germans who driving out the Gauls planted themselves within the Rhene esteemed by Caesar to be the valiantest of the Gallick nations for those three reasons First they were the farthest from Provence where the Roman civilities and more affable course of life was embraced Secondly they dwelt on a Sea not then frequented by Merchants and so wanted those assurements to effeminate which are in Countries of traâ—â—ique And thirdly they bordered on the Germans a warlike nation with whom they were continually in armes This people seeing the prosperous successe of Caesars victories in Gaul joyned together in a common League and mustered an army of 269000. fighting men against him But seeing they could not draw him out of his Fortresses they retired again and that in such disorder that three Legions for no more was Caesars Army put them to an infinite slaughter After this Caesar fighting against them severally overcame them all and made their Country and the Countrey of the bordering
nature and furnished with all things necessary to endure a siege but yielded to the Turks by Alfonsus Palacius the unwarlike Governour terrified with the great slaughter made at the sack of Nicosia before the enemy came neer it At first called Ceurania and said to have been built by Cyrus the great Persian King when he first subdued the nine Kings hereof and united the Iland to that Crown blest with a more temperate and wholsome air than any other in the Countrey 3. Tremitus the birth-place of Spiridion a Bishop of the Primitive times renowned for miracles many of which reported by Sozomen lib. 1. cap. 10. and other Ecclesiaaesticall writers Wholly decaied the ruine of it much contributing to the rise of Nicosia 5. Lapithus by Pliny called Lapeto on the banks of a small Riveret of that name Of so great note in former times that it gave to this Division the name of Lapethia In this part standeth the hill Olympus now the Mountain of the holy Cross described before 4. SALAMINE the fourth and last Province of this Iland taketh up the whole East-parts hereof So named from 1. Salamis once the chief City of the Isle and the Sea of the Primate or Metropolitan hereof in the Primitive times Destroyed by the Jewes in the reign of Trajan and re-built again but being after that taken sacked and razed unto the ground by the Saracens in the time of Heraclius it never could again recover the Metropolitan See after that subversion being removed to Nicosia It was sometimes and by some writers called Constantia also but that name could give it no more perpetuity than the other of Salamis Memorable whilest it stood for the founder of it being Teucer the sonne of I elamon King of Salamis an Isle of the Aegean Sea banished his Countrey by his Father and setled in this Iland by the power of Belus King of Phoenicia as also for a famous Temple sacred unto Jupiter hence called Salaminius Out of the ruins hereof arose 2. Famagusta now the prime City of rhese parts built as is said by Costa the Father of Saint Catharize but that uncertain Situate ate at the East end of the Iland in a plain and low ground betwixt two Promontories the one called the 〈◊〉 of Saint Andren and the other Cap o di Griego or the head of Groecia In compass not above two miles in form four square but that the side towards the East stretcheth out more in length than the other three On two parts beaten on with the Sea the other parts towards the Land defended with a Ditch not above fifteen foot in breadth an old stone wall and certain Bulwarks The Haven opposite to Tripolis a Town of Syria openeth towards the South-east defended from the injury of the Sea by two great Rocks betwixt which the Sea cometh in at a narrow passage not above forty paces broad but after opening wider and wider maketh a convenient Harbour rather safe than large assured both by the difficult entrance and a chain crossed over it The whole Town when the Turks appeared before it but meanly fortified the works of it of the old fashion generally decaied except one Bulwark which was built according to the modern Arts of Fortification with Palisadoes Curteins Casemates and all other Additaments most gallantly defended by Bragadine the noble Generall to the wonder and envy of the Turks who spent no lesse then 118000 great shot upon it and at last yielded upon honourable terms had they been as punctually performed 3. Aphrodisium so named of Venus whom the Greeks called Aplrodite who had here another of her Temples 4. Arsinoe built also by one of the Arsinoes Queens of Egypt there being two others of this name and the same foundation now called Lescare and antiently renowned for the Groves of Jupâ—ter 5 Tamassus of good note in the time of Strabo for rich Mines of Brass as afterwards for abundance of Verdegreece and Vitriol found plentifully in the fields adjoyning 6. Idalium neer a Mount of the same name so called by accident For Chalcenor the founder of it being told by Oracle that he should seat himself and build a City where he first saw the rising Sun one of his followers seeing the Sun begin to rise cried out 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to say behold the Sun Which omen taken by Chalcenor he here built this City But whether this were so or not as for my part I build not very much upon it certain it is that Venus had here another Temple neighboured by the idalian Groves so memorized and chanted by the antient Poets So strong an influence had lust and sensuality on this wretched People that every corner of the Iland was defiled with those brutish Sacrifices which day by day were offered to that impure deitie though to say truth it was no marvail if having made their Belly their God they made also in the next place their glory their shame The first Inhabitants of this Iland were the posterity of Cittim the Sonne of Javan and grand-sonne of Japhet who having seen his brother Tarshish setled in Cilicia where his memory is still preserved in the City of Tarsus planted himself and his retinue in this opposite Island The City of Cetium as Ptolemy or Cuium as Pliny calleth it one of the antientest of the Iland which with the authority of Josephus and others of the antient writers put it out of question But being this Iland was too narrow to contain his numbers and willing to seek further off for a larger dwelling he left here so many of his followers as might serve in time to plant the Countrey and with the rest passed into Macedon where we have already spoken of him Made tributary first to Amasis King of Egypt from which distant about three or four daies failing Subjected afterwards to the Phoenicians a neer neighbour to them who being a Sea-faring people made themselves masters of the Sea-coasts and maritime places Cinyras the Father of Myrrha by whom both Father and Grand-Father to Adonis is said to have been King of both The like affirmed of Belus one of his Successsors who is said to have been the founder of the City of Citium named so if not rather repaired than new built by him with reference no doubt to â—ittim the first Progenitor of this People By the power and favour of this Belus Teucer the Sonne of Telamon banished his Countrey accompanied with many followers from Salamis Athens and Arcadia was settled in the East-parts hereof where the City of Salamis by him built was his first plantation Yet so that the Phoenicians kept their former hold it being evident in Story that Eluloeus one of the Successors of this Belus but a King of Tyre and a Co-temporary with Salmanassar King of Assyria passed over into Cyprus with a puissant Navy to reduce the Citioeans to obedience who had then rebelled The Iland at first comming of Teucer hither so infinitely overgrown with
the Blessed Virgin and the finall judgement Men not unlikely to have made a further Progress in the Gospel if they had met with better Teachers than these Laymens books The chief City hereof is called Cauchin-China by the name of the Province situate on a River coming out of China and passing hence into the bottom of a large and capacious Bay The whole Country divided into three Provinces and as many Kings over which one Paramount but he and they the Tributaries of the King of China Belonging hereunto is a little Iland called Ainao ten miles from the land where the Inhabitants have a great trade of fishing for Pearls The onely Province of the Indies which is wholly subject to the power of a forein Prince the Portugals holding in this Continent many Towns and Cities but no whole Provinces 3 CAMBOIA CAMBOIA is bounded on the North with Cauchin-Chinâ— on the East and South with the Ocean on the West with parts of the Kingdome of Stam and the Realms of Jangoma So called from Câ—mboâ—a the chief City of it Divided commonly into the Kingdom of Champa and Cambota specially so called 1. CHAMPA the Northern part hereof bordereth Cauchin-China and is liberally provided of all necessaries besides which there is plenty of Gold and of the wood called Lignum Aloes prized at the weight thereof in silver much used in Bathes and at the funeralls of great persons This a distinct kingdome of it self but subject with the rest to the king of Barma The chief City of it called by the name of Champa which it communicates to the Country is situate neer the Sea-side and of very good trafick 2. CAMBOIA specially so called lieth South of Champa a very great and populous Country well stored with Elephants and Rhinocerots which last the Indians call Abades It yieldeth also great plenty of a sweet-wood which they call Calumba as precious and as much esteemed of as the wood of Aloes if not the same or some Species of it as I think it is together with abundance of Rice Flesh and Fish well-watred with the River Mecon issuing out of China having received many lesser streams falleth first into a great Lake of 200 miles compass and thence into the Indian Ocean making betwixt the Lake and that an hundred Ilands By the overflowings of this River the whole Country is enriched as Egypt by the like overflowings of Nilus the inhabitants at those times betaking themselves to their upper Rooms and passing altogether by boats from one place to another The people are conceived to be strong and warlike though more enclined to merchandise and navigagation than to deeds of Arms. Idolaters of the worst kind esteeming Men and Beasts of a like condition in regard of any future judgement of late beginning to set up and adore the Cross which is it seems the first Principle of Religion in which the Friers are wont to instruct their Converts Not weaned as yet by these new Teachers from burning the women with their Husbands common to them with many other Indian people not from burning their Nobles with the King used onely here but voluntarily to express their loves not upon constraint The chief Towns of it 1. Camboia one of the three prime Cities of this part of India the other two being Odâ—â— and Pegu of which more anon Situate on the River Mecon before destroyed where it hath its fall into the Sea well traded as the Staple for all this Country the commodities whereof are brought hither and here sold to the Merchant 2. Cudurmuch twelve league from Camboia on the same River also 3. Coul on the Sea-side in the very South-west Angle of all the Country The Kings whereof once absolute and at their own disposing till invaded by a vast Army of the neighbouring Laos in which their King being slain and his forces weakned his sonne and Successor was constrained to become a Vâ—ssâ— to the crown of Siam But fearing the loss of his estate when that Kingdom was made subject to the Kings of Pegu in the year 1598. he applied himself unto the Portugals offered them a Peninsula part of his dominions extending three leagues into the Sea and sent to the Jesuites for some of their Society to live and preach amongst his people Not able for all these honest Policies to preserve himself from being made a Feudatary of the King of Barma 4 JANGOMA JANGOMA or the Country of the LAOS is bounded on the East with Camboia and Champa from which parted by the River Menon on the West with the River of Pegu by which divided from that Kingdome on the South with the Realm of Siam on the North with Brama It took this name from Jangoma the chief province of it the other two for here be three of them in all being those of Livet and Curror All of them joyned together called the Country of the Laos by the name of the people a mighty Nation and a stout by Religion Gentile naked from the middle upwards and tâ—â—ssing up their hair like a cap. Their Country very rich and levell but very ill-neighboured by the Guâ—oâ—â— Paulus Venetus giveth them the name of Gangâ—gu who possess the mountains whence falling in great companies to hunt for men whom they kill and eat they commit cruel butcheries amongst them Insomuch as this people not able to defend themselves against their fury or rather wanting good leaders to conduct and order them for it is said that they can make a million of men were fain to put themselves under the protection of the King of Siam whom they obeyed no further than the humour took them Towns they have none of any note except those three which give name to the severall Provinces and those of no note neither but for doing that The people for the most part live on the banks of their Rivers where they have Cottages of Timber or else upon the Rivers in boats and shallops as the Tartarians of the Desarts in their Carts or wheel-houses One of their Rivers commonly called the River of Laos said to extend 400 Leagues within the land as far as â—artary and China and from July to September to invert its course and flow back strongly toward its fountain Not governed by any certain rule or order till they submitted to the Patronage of the king of Siam and then no oftner than they listed though for their sakes that king engaged himself in a war against the Cannibals their most deadly enemies accompanyed with 25000 foot 20000 Horse and 10000 Elephants Secured by his protection from the 〈◊〉 of those Cannibals of whom otherwise they had been devoured in the year 1578 they descended the River in great multitudes to the number of 200000 and fell into the Realm of Camboia But they made an unprosperous adventure of it For though the king of Camboia lost his life in the battel ye he gave â—hem such a fatal blow that they were almost all slain drowned or
the shores adjoyning and receiving withall the Law of Mahomet they began to cast off all subjection to the Kings of Siam to whom the sonne and Successor of Pâ—ramisera had submitted his new-raised kingdom and became their Homager Incensed wherewith the Sâ—amite about the year 1500 sent out a Navy of 200 Sail to distress it by Sea and an Army of 30000 men and 400 Elephants to besiege it by land But before he was able to effect any thing hindred by Tempests and the insolencies of some of his Souldiers the Portugals in the year 1511 under the conduct of Albuquerque had possessed themselves of it who built there a Fortress and a Church And though Alodâ—nus the sonne of the expelled King whose name was Mahomet endeavoured the regaining of his Estate and that the Saracens Hollanders and the kings of For and Achen two neighbouring Princes envying the great fortunes of the Portugals have severally and successively laboured to deprive them of it yet they still keep it in defiance of all opposition which hath been hitherto made against them 2. North unto that of Malaca lieth the kingdome of YOR IOR or IOHOR so called of Jor or Johor the chief City of it Inhabited for the most part by Moores or Saracens Mahometanism by their means prevailing on the Natives of the Country also A Kingdom of no great extent but of so much power that joining his Land-forces with the Navy of the King of Achen he besieged Malaca and built a Royall Fort before it in which when taken by Paul de Lima by the defeat of this king were found 900 pieces of brass Ordnance After this picking a quarrel with the king of Pahan he burnt his houses barns provisions and the Suburbs of the City it self but in the course of his affairs was interrupted by the King of Achen one of the Kings in the Isle of Sumatra his old confederate who after 29 daies siege took the City of Jor. What afterwards became of this king or kingdom I am not able to resolve In former times it did acknowlege him of Siam for the Lord in chief 3. More North-ward yet lieth the kingdome of PATANE denominated from Patane the chief City of it but different from Patane in the other India as Cleveland in York-shire from Cleveland in Germany or Holland in the Low-Countries from Holland in Lincoln hire as hath been fully shewn before The City made of wood and Reed but artificially wrought and composed together the Mesquit onely most of the people being Mahometans is built of brick The Chinois make a great part of the Inhabitants of it insomuch that in this small City there are spoke three languages viz. the Chinese used by that people the Malayan or language of Malaca which is that of the Natives and the Siam to the King whereof this small Crown is Feudatary Built of such light stuff and combustible matter it must needs be in great danger of fire and was most miserably burnt in the year 1613 by some Javan Slaves in revenge of the death of some of their Fellows at which time the whole City was consumed with fire the Mesquit the Queens Court and some few houses excepted onely The Country governed of late years by Queens who have been very kind to the English and Hollanders granting them leave to erect their Factories in Patane Not memorable for any great exploit by them performed but that a late Queen a little before that dismall fire offended with the King of Pan or Pahan who had maried her Sister and reigned in a little Iland not farre off she sent against him a Fleet of 70 Sail and 4000 men by which compelled to correspond with her desires he brought his Queen and her children with him to make up the breach 4. The Kingdom of SIAM strictly and specially so called is situate on the main-land the rest before described being in the Chersonese betwixt Camboia on the East Pegu on the West the kingdome of Muantay on the North and the main Ocean on the South The chief Cities of it 1. Socotai memorable for a temple made wholly of mettall 80. spans in height raised by one of the Kings it being the custome of this Country that every king at his first coming to the Crown is to build a Temple which he adorneth with high Sâ—eples and many Idols 2. Quedoa renowned for the best Pepper and for that cause very much frequented by forreign Merchants 3. Tavay upon the Sea-coast where it joineth to Pegu. Whence measuring along the shores till we come to Champa before mentioned being all within the Dominions of the king of Siam not reckoning the Chersonese into this Accompt we have a Seacoastof the length of 600 Leagues 4. Lugor upon the sea-side also neer that little Isthmus which joineth the Cherson se to the land from whence to Malaca is 600 miles sail all along the coast 5. Calantan the head City of a little kingdome but subject to the Crown of Siam 6. Siam the chief City of this part of the kingdome which it giveth this name to A goodly City and very commodiously seated on the River Menam for trade and merchandise So populous and frequented by forreign nations that besides the natives here are said to be thirty thousand housholds of Arabians The Houses of it high built by reason of the Annual deluge during which time they live in the Upper rooms and unto every house a boat for the use of the familie Those of the poorer sort dwell in little sheds made of reed and timber which they remove from place to place for the best convenience of their markets And yet so strong that being besiged by the Tanguan Conqueror then king of Pegu Anno 1567 with an Army of fourteen hundred thousand fighting men for the space of 20 moneths together it resolutely held good against him not gained at last by force but treason one of the Gates being set open to him in the dead time of the right and by that means the City taken The people hereof are thought to be inclining to Christianity but hitherto so ill instructed in the principles of it that they maintain amongst many other strange opinions that after the end of 2000 years from what time I know not the world shall be consumed with fire and that under the ashes of it shall remain two egs out of which shall come one man and one woman who shall people the world anew 5. MVANTAY the last of these Kingdomes lieth betwixt Jangoma and Siam memorable for nothing more then the City of Odia or Vdiâ— the principal of all the Kingdomes of Siam and the usual residence of those Kings Situate on the banks of the River Caâ—pumo and containing in it 400000 Inhabitants of which 50000 are trained to the warres and in continual reâ—diness for prelent service For though this King be Lord of nine several Kingdomes yet he useth none of them in his wars but the naturall Siamites and those of
kingdome of Ava unto one of his Brothers that of Peam to one of his grandsonnes the kingdome of Jangoma to a younger sonne but born after the time of his obtaining the Crown of Pegu and finally that of Pegu with the Soveraignty over all the rest to his eldest sonne a Prince of vicious and tyrannical nature and not more cruell to his subjects than they disobedient to him Whereupon preparations are made on both sides the people to defend their liberty the King to preserve his Royalty During these civill discords the titulary king of Stam whose late overthrow was not yet fully digested came violently into the Countrey of Pegu burning Corn Grass and Fruits killing man woman and child and having satisfyed his Fury returned to his home This spoil of the fruits of the Earth was but a prâ—logue to an unsupportable famine which consumed all the inhabitants of this flourishing kingdome except such whom the Granaries of the City of Pegu preserved Anno 1598. For here the Fathers devoured their Children the stronger preyed upon the weaker not only devouring their more fleshy parts but their entrails also nay they broke up the skulls of such as they had slain and sucked out their brains This calamity incited another Tributary Prince of Tangu to make his best advantage out of his neighbours affliction though made his Brother-in-Law and advanced to great honours by his Father For justly fearing the displeasure of his angry Prince to whose aid he had refused to come when sent for by him he joined himself with the king of Arrahan besieged his Lord and Soveraign in the Fort of Meccao Brought to extremities the unfortunate Prince thought best to put himself into the hands of his brother of Tangu who assaulted and entred Pegu where he found as much treasure as 600 Elephants and as many horses could conveniently carry away This havock being made he villanously murdered the King Queen and their Children and departed leaving the gleaning of his spoil to the King of Arrachan who Anno 1600 was expelled by the King of Siam who enjoyed it not long For the King of Barma having with an Army of an hundred thousand fighting men and fourty thousand Elephants subdued the Kingdomes of Macin and Arrachan followed the currents of his Victories conquered Siam drove the king thereof from PEGV where he hath built a most Magnificent Palace and is now the sole Monarch of the twelve kingdomes of this India A more particular relation of this King and his new-settled Estate we cannot yet understand what his Revenues are what his Government what his Forces Merchants whose inquisitiveness into the State-Matters of other Princes is dangerous to their trading cannot give us any full satisfaction Scholars and Statists are not permitted to observe and such of the Natives as could give us the most light are not suffered to travell Onely we may conjecture by the great Wealth of those several Princes and the vast Armies by them raised in their severall Territories that his Annual Revenues Casualties and united Forces must be almost infinite And so much for INDIA OF THE ORIENTAL ILANDS THE ORIENTAL ILANDS so called from their situation in the Oriental or Eastern Seas may be divided into the Ilands of 1. Japan 2. the Philippinae 3. the Isles of Bantam 4. the Moluccoes 5. those called Sinde or the Celebes 6. Java 7. Borneo 8. Sumatra 9. Ceilan and 10. certain others of less note 1. JAPAN JAPAN is an aggregate body of many Ilands separated by small Gulfs Streights and turnings of the Sea but taking name from Japan the chief of all Some reckon them to be 66. in all others ascribe that number to so many Kingdoms into which these Ilands be they in number more or less use to be divided But whatsoever the number be the certainty whereof I can no where find there are three only of accompt to which the severall petit Kingdoms are now reduced that is to say 1. Japan specially so called which containeth 53 Kingdoms of which 26 are under the King of Meace 12 under the King of Amagunce the other 15 under other Princes of inferior note II. Ximo which containeth in it nine Realms the principall whereof are those of Bungo and Figen III. Xicoum which comprehendeth four onely of these petit Signeuries JAPAN the chief of all these Ilands to which the residue may be accompted of but as Appurtenances is situate over against the streights of Anian towards which it looketh to the North distant from New Spain on the East 150 leagues or 450 English miles and 60 leagues from Cantan a Province of China opposite to it on the West On the South it hath the vast Ocean and those infinite sholes of Ilands which are called the Phillippinae and the Isles neighbouring upon them Extending in length from West to the East 200 leagues but the breadth not proportionable thereunto in some places not above ten leagues over and in the broadest parts but thirty The Country mountainous and barren but of a very healthy air if not too much subject unto cold yet in some places they have Wheat ripe in the moneth of May but their Rice which is their principall sustenance they gather not before September The surface of the Earth clothed with woods and forrests in which some Cedars of so tall and large a body that one of them onely is sufficient to make a Pillar for a Church the bowels of it stored with divers metals and amongst others with such inexhausible mines of gold that Paulus Venetus reporteth some of the Palaces of their Kings to be covered in this time with sheets of gold as ours in Europe are with lead But I find no such matter in our latter travellers Their Fields and Medows full of Cattel but hitherto not made acquainted with the making of Butter their Fens much visited by wild-Ducks as their house yards with Pigeons Turtles Quails and pullen The People for the most part of good understanding apt to learn and of able memories cunning and subtil in their dealings Of body vigorous and strong accustomed to bear Arms until 60 years old Their complexion of an Olive-Colour their beards thin and the one half of the hair of their heads shaved off Patient they are of pain ambitious of glory uncapable of suffering wrong but can withall dissemble their resentments of it till opportunity of revenge They reproach no man for his poverty so it come not by his own unthrifciness for which cause they detest all kinds of gaming as the wayes of ill-husbandry and generally abhorre standering these and swearing Their mourning commonly is in white as their feasts in black their teeth they colour black also to make them beautiful they mount on the right side of the horse and sit as we are used to rise when they entertain In Physick they eat salt things sharp and raw and in their salutations they put off their shooes The very Antipodes of our world in customs though not
the other finding perhaps an easier or a greater profit in the other Commodities Mountains of most note in all this Country is that betwixt Guadalaiara and Zacatecas a League in height but of such a precipice withal that no horse nor cattel can ascend it their other hils rocky but clothed with woods full of vast Pines large Okes and great store of Wolves The River of most name is that called Bazania which rising out of the Lake of Mechuacan in Nova Hispania fals down a Cataract about four Leagues from Guadalaiara of ten fathoms deep and so tumbleth into Mare del Zur in no place fordable nor having any passage over it but on Reeds and Rafts on which the passenger sitteth with his commodities his horse swimming by not safe at any time and at most times dangerous Some Lakes here be of 20 some of 12 Leagues compass environed with rich Pastures on every side Those of less note shall be remembred in their proper places It comprehends the Provinces of 1 Cinaloa 2 Conliaoan 3 Xalisco and 4 Guadalaiara on the Western Shores 5 Zacatecas 6 New Biscay 7 Nova Mexicana more within the Land Of all these somewhat shall be said though of each but little 1. CINALOA is the most northern Province of New Gallicia bounded upon the West with the River of Buena Guia and some part of the Bay of Califormia on the East with a long chain of Mountains called the Hills of Tepecsuan on the North with the South parts of Cibola on the South with Conliacan The Aire for the most part clear and healthy the Soil fat and fruitful productive of Maize Pulse a sort of long Pease which the Latines call Phaseoli but we have no proper English name for of which abundantly plentifull Great store of Cotton-wooll wherewith both Sexes are apparrelled Well watered with the Rivers 1 Petatlan 2 Tamochala 3 Pascua 4 Yaquim of no long course all of them rising from the hills of Tepersuam and those but 36 Leagues distant from the Sea-shores By reason of these Rivers here are very rich pastures which breed great store of Kine Oxen and other Cattell The People are generally tall higher then the Spaniards by a hand breadth warlike and strong not conquered by the Spaniard without great difficulty their Armes a Bow and poisoned Arrows with great massie Clubs Their Garments for the most part of Cotton-wooll their hair nourished to a great length which the men tye up in a Knot but the Women suffer to hang down to the full length of it Both Sexes at the first coming of the Spaniards thither without Clothes at all but to hide their shame most miserably poor worshippers of the Sun and not a few Cannibals amongst them Chief Towns hereof 1 S. Philip and Jacob situate on the bank of a River about 42 Leagues from the Town of Couliacan but of no great note 2 S. Johns de Cinaloa a Colony of the Spaniards planted here long sixce and re-inforced by a supply brought thither in the year 1554 by Francisco de Tharra scarce able to defend themselves from the old Inhabitants who ever and anon disturb them with a fresh Alarme Besides these here are only some scattered Villages and those not many the Spaniards finding only 25 old Forts in all the Country when they first made themselves Masters of it under the Conduct of Nonnez de Guzman Anno 1542. People every where submitting without any resistance or if they gathered to an head soon dispersed again For what could naked men do against an Army 2. COVLIACAN or CVLVCAN lieth on the South of Cinaloa coasting along the Bay of Califormia which it hath on the West and part of New Biscay on the East The Country well provided of fruits inferiour unto none for all sorts of Provisions and not without some Mines of Silver found out by the Spaniards The chief Rivers of it 1 Rio de Macheras or the River of Women in the North part of the Province so called because the Spaniards found there more women then men occasioning the opinion that it was inhabited by Amazons 2 Rio de Sal a goodly River both sides whereof are very well Peopled 3 Piastla more towards Xalisco The People not much different from the rest of Gallicia save that their Women were more handsom both for dress and personage all clothed in Garments of Cotton-wool when first known to the Spaniards and yet the men not free from the Sin of Sodom Their houses neatly thatched with straw and over the Lintrels of the Doors some Paintings as shameless as the very fowlest of Aretines Postures Ignorant of Gold which they had no Mines of but of late times acquainted to their cost with Silver which they are compelled to dig and refine for the Spaniards Chief Towns hereof 1 Hiustla on the River so called about a dayes journey from the Sea well built and artificially contrived in respect of others never recovered of that blow which it had from the Spaniards who in the Conquest of this Country wasted all before them 2 Quinola neer Rio des Mugeres 3 Quatrabarrios an old Town but new named by the Spaniards because it consisted of tour parts 4 El Leon an old Burrough which from a Lyon there found had this new name also 5 Couliacan on a River so named once the chief of this Province 4 S. Michael on the River of Women built by Nonnez de Guzman in the Latitude of 25. but afterwards deserted or removed rather to a fitter place and now fixed in the Valley of Harroba two Leagues from the Sea in a flourishing and wealthy Soil both for Corn and Pasturage The whole Country conquered by the Spaniards Anno 1531. under Nonnez de Guzman most barbarously burning down the Towns and destroying the People as if they came not to subdue but root out the Nation 3. XALISCO or GALESCO as some Writers call it hath on the North Couliacan on the South New Spain on the East the Province of Guadalaiara on the West the large Bay of Califormia So called from Xalisco the chief Town of it when subdued by the Spaniards The Soil hereof very fit for Maize which it yields good store of but not often herbage good for Cattel which is reckoned for their greatest want The North parts called Chiametla of the two most fruitfull and better peopled having in it store of Wax and Honey with some Mines of Silver The People formerly Man-eaters and much given to quarrell from which Reformed since their Conversion to the Gospel Tenacious still of one of their ancient Customs which is to carry the smallest burden upon their shoulders and not under their armes which to do they think very much mis-becoming Chief Rivers hereof 1 S. Sebastians 2 Rio de Spiritu Sancto and 3 the great and famous River of Barania spoken of before Upon the banks of which are situate their most principal Towns viz. 1 Xalisco giving name to the whole Province and to a
Augustinians and other Religious Orders some Colledges many Spitles and Hospitals and other publick buildings of great State and beauty By the Natives it was anciently called Temistatan the name of Mexico being given on a new occasion of which more hereafter most miserably endammaged by the breaking in of the waters Anno 1629. which swelled so high that they not only overwhelmed the meaner houses but the Vice-Roys Palace drowned many thousands of the People and destroyed the houshold 〈◊〉 of the rest Occasioned by the avarice of the Kings Ministers who had inverted the money to their private use which should have fortified the Banks 2 Tezcuco situate on the same Lake but six Leagues from Mexico heretofore twice as big as Sevil and for the beauty of the streets and elegancie of the houses not inferiour to any Served with fresh water from the hills brought in Pipes and Conduits though seated on the brink of a Salt Lake 3 Quitlavaca built wholly in the Lake like Venice and therefore by the Spaniards called Venezuela a City of 2000 housholds the way unto it over a Cawsey made of flâ—nts half a League long and about twenty spans in breadth 4. Vztacpalapa half in the Lake and half without with many Ponds of fresh water and a beautifull Fountain A City of 10000 Housholds six Leagues from Tezcuco and two from Mexico 5 Mexicaltzingo a â—urrough of 4000 and 6 Cuyccan one of 6000 Families both upon the Lake beautified in the times of their Paganism with many Temples so gorgeously set out to the eye that afar off they seemed of silver most of them now converted into Monasteries and Religious houses 7 Chulula the fairest of all the Lake scarce excepting Mexico with which it anciently contended both for state and bigness said to contain 20000 Families and to be beautified with so many Temples that their Turrets equalled the number of the days of the yeer The People so addicted unto their Idolatries and so barbarous in their bloody and beastly Sacrifices that no sewer then 6000 Infants of both Sexes were yeerly murdered on their Altars 8 Mestitlan seated on an high hill begirt about with most pleasant Groves and shady VVoods A Town of about 30000 Inhabitants the Villages about the hill being reckoned in situate 14 Leagues or two days journey from Mexico in the way to the Province of Panuco the high way on both sides set with fruitfull Trees to the great comfort and refreshment of the way-faring man 9 Clantinolleper twenty Leagues from Mestitlan a Manour to which 40000 of the Natives do owe suit and service 10 Autepeque on the South of the City of Mexico at the foot of the Mountain Propopampeche a Town belonging to the Marquis of Valla and seated in the most delicious place of all New Spain 11 Acachicha on the North-east of Mexico betwixt it and the Golf bordering on the Province of Pepantla 12 Acapulco an Haven Town of the South-sea situate on a safe and capacious Bay at the entrance of it a League broad and in the body of it full of convenient Stations and Docks for shipping so that it is accompted the safest Haven of all those Seas At the bottom of it towards the vvest stands the Town and Castle the Castle opportunely seated on a little fore-fore-land both to command the Town and secure the Port well walled and fortified with four very strong Bulwarks on which are planted good store of Ordinance the Garrison consisting ordinarily of 400 Souldiers strengthened the rather in regard of the usual entercourse which is betwixt this Port and the Philippine Ilands The Original Inhabitants of this Country as far at least as their Records are able to reach were the Chichimecas now the most rude and barbarous Savages of all these parts together with the Ottomies somewhat more civil then the rest but yet rude enough By these possessed till about the year 902. as it is conjectured from their Annals when vanquished and disseized by some new comeâ—s whom they called by one name Navatlacos issuing as it is conceived from those parts of Gallicia Nova which are now called Nova Mexicana An. 720. or thereabouts but lingring in their march and wasting al the Countries as they lay before them Of these there were seven Tribes in all i.e. the Sachimilci the Chalcae the Tepanecae the Culvae the Tlafluici the Tlascaltecae all of them setled in these parts and the five first about the Lake before the coming in of the 7 Tribe which was that of the Mexicans so called from Mexi their chief Captain who much delighted with the situation and conveniences of Temistitan then a ruined town caused it to be rebuilt and beautified by the name of Mexico This town from that time forwards was reputed the head-City of their Common-wealth the six Tribes governing in common or the Chiefs rather of those Tribes in the names of the whole after an Aristocratical manner But weary at the last of this equal power which the prevalencie of some Tribes had made very unequal the Mexicans one of the weakest of the Tribes oppressed by the rest resolved to separate themselves and to commit the ordering of their affairs to a King of their own at first elected by themselves but afterwards when they had conquered most of the other Tribes the choice intrusted unto six one for every Tribe the Tlascaltâ—cae which was the seventh of their Tribes and the Founders of Tlascala governing themselves long before as a State apart who in their choice had an especial eye on those which were strong and active and fit for military employments the people holding it a commendable meritorious act to kill their Kings if once they were reputed Cowards The Politie and Institutes of this Mexican Kingdom I forbear to write of further then as they lie before me in the way of their Story digested by the government and succession of their several Kings whose names and actions do occurre in the following Catalogue of The Kings of Mexico A. Ch. 1322. 1 Acamapitzli Nephew to the King of Couliacan but of the Mexican blood by the Fathers side elected for the first King who joyned Conliacan and Tonganeam unto his Estate and setled that kingdom at his death in the way of Election 1373. 2 Vitzovitzli son of Acamapitzli subdued the Tribe of the Suchimilchi and others of the neighbouring Nations 1394. 3 Huizilihuiel son of Vitzilovitli conquered the Tribes of the Chalcae and Culvae with many other Nations of the old Inhabitants 1415. 4 Chimal Pupuca son of Huizilihuiel won the Town of Tequixsuiac and reduced the rebellious Chalcae under his command 1425. 5 Iscoalt brother of Huizilihuiel by the valour of his Cousin Tlacaellec freed himself from the yoke of the Tepanecae to whom the Mexicans had before been Tributaries and added their dominions unto his estate conquering all the Nations round about him After whose death the Electors by a joynt consent chose Tlacaellec for their King as a man of
whereof are made both Sulphur and Allom. And here is said to be a Volcana or burning Mountain which though it hath vomited no â—ire of late the matter of it being spent yet the said Monuments of his Furies do remain among them another not far off which still casts out smoak Towns of most note 1 Guatimala or S. Jago de Guatimale the chief Town of the Province situate on a little River betwixt both 〈◊〉 by one of which most terribly wasted An 1541. But being 〈◊〉 it hath since exceedingly flourished by reason of the Bishops See the residence of the Governour and the Courts of Justice 2 S Salvador 40 Leagues Eastwards from Guatimala by the Natives called 〈◊〉 situate on the River Guacapa seven Leagues from the Sea and neighboured by a great Lake of five Leagues compass 3 Acaxutla at the mouth of the same River the Port Town to 〈◊〉 4â—â— Trinidad by the Natives called Samsonate the most noted Empory of this Country the 〈◊〉 at Bartery betwixt the Inhabitants of New Spain and those of Peru. 5 S. Michaels two Leagues from the Bay of Fonseca which serves unto it for an Haven 6 Xeâ—es de la Fontera the chief Town of the Cantrea of Chulutâ—can by which name it was formerly known situate on the Frontires towards Nicaragua and to the South east of the Bay of Fonseca that Bay so named in honour of Roderick Fonseca Bishop of Burges and President of the Councel for the Indies An. 1532. by Giles 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 who first discovered it About and in this Bay are ten little Ilands four of which inhabited and plentifully furnished with wood water and salt 4. HONDVRA hath on the South Guatimala specially so called on the VVest the Bay or Arm of 〈…〉 Dulce by which parted from Verapaz on the North and East the Sea called Mare del Nort on the South east Nicaragua on the South Guatimala specially â—o called In length 〈…〉 of that Sea 150 Leagues and about 80 Leagues in breadth from North to 〈…〉 of Honduras or Fonduras imposed upon it from the depth of the Sea about the 〈◊〉 Head land of it called the Cape of Honduras The whole Country either Hills or Vallies little Champagne in it fruitfull of Maize and wheat and of very 〈…〉 age made so by the constant overflowings of their Rivers about Michaelmass which do not only soil their grounds but water their Gardens The principal of them 1 Haguara 2 Chamalucon 3 Vlna all neighboured by fertile fields and pleasant meadows Some Mines of Gold and Silver are conceived to be here but not yet discovered the people being so slothful and given to idleness that they had rather live on Roots then take pains in tilling of their land and therefore not easily intreated to toyl for others but where necessity and strong hand do compell them to it Towns of most note 1 Valladolit by the Natives called Commyagna 40 leagues distant from the Sea situate in a pleasant and fruitful Valley on the banks of the River Chamalucon and honoured with a Bishops See fixed here about the year 1558. built neer the place where once Francisco de Montâ—io Governour of this Provinâ—e had planted a Colonie of Spaniards An. 1530. by the name of S. Maria de Commyagna 2 Gracias di Dios 30 leagues Westward of Valladolit buâ—â—t by Gabriel de Royas An. 1530. to be a place of defence for those who worked in the Mines against the Savages But finding himself unable to make it good he defaced and left it Reedified again by Gonsalvo de Alvarado and since well inhabited 3 S. Peters eleven â—eagues distant from the Port of â—avallos but seated in a most healthy air and therefore made the dwelling place of the Farmers of the Kings Customs who have their houses in this town and follow their business in the other as occasion is â— Porto de Cavallos so called from some horses thrown overboard in a violent tempest the most noted Heaven of these parts and strong by natural situation but so ill guarded and defended that in the year 1591. it was pillaged by Captain Christopher Newport and An 1596. by Sir Anthony Sherley Deserted on those spoils and not since inhabited 5 S. Thomas de Castile 18 leagues from Cavallos naturally strong and forrified according to the Rules of Art to which as to a place of more strength and safety Alfonso Briado de Castilla President of the Sessions of Guatimala removed both the Inhabitants and Trade oâ— Cavalios 6 Traxillo seated on the rising of a little hill betwixt two Rivers one of them that which is called Haguara distant from Cavallos 40 leagues to the East and 60 leagues to the North of Valadolit surprized and pillaged by the English An. 1576. Not far hence towards the North-east lieth the Cape of Honduras from whence the shore drawing inwards till it joyn with Jucutan makes up a large and goodly Bay called the Golf of Honduras 7 S. George de Olancho so named of the Vallie Olancho in which it is seated a Vallie noted heretofore for some golden Sands which Guaejape a River of it was then said to yield 5 NICARAGVA is bounded on the North with Honduras on the East with Mare del Nort and the Province of Veragua on the South with Mare del Zur on the West with Guatimala By Didaco Lopez de Salsedo who first subdued it it was called the New kingdom of Leon but the old name by which they found it called at their coming thither would not so be lost The Country destitute of Rivers except that part hereof towards Veregua called Costa Rica reckoned a Province of it self The want hereof supplied by a great Lake or a little Sea called the Lake of Nicaragua 120 leagues in compass â—bbing and flowing like the Sea upon the banks of which stand many pleasant villages and single houses A Lake well stored with Fish but as full of Crocediles and having made its way by a mighty Cataract emptieth it self into the Sea about four leagues off Not very rich in Corn most of which is brought them from Peru but well stored with Cattel level and plain and shadowed with frequent trees one amongst others of that nature that a man cannot touch any part of it but it withereth presently Affirmed to be as full of Parrets as England of Crows stored with great plenty of Cotton wooll and abundance of Sugar canes In a word so pleasing generally to the eye that the Spaniards call it by the name of Mahomets Paradise The People for the most part speak the Spanish tongue and willingly conform themselves to the Spanish garb both of behaviour and apparel well weaned from their old barbarous customes retained only by some Mountainers whom they call Chontales All of good stature and of colour indifferent white They had before they received Christianity a setled and politick form of government only as Solon appointed â—o law for a mans killing of his father so
to have inhabited on the banks thereof The Fountain of it in Peru the fall in the North Sea or Mare del Nort. A River of so long a course that the said Orellana is reported to have sailed in it 5000 miles the several windings and turnings of it being reckoned in and of so violent a current that it is said to keep its natural tast and colour above 30 miles after it falleth into the Sea the channel of it of that breadth where it leaveth the Land that it is accompted 60 Leagues from one point to the other 2 Orenoque navigable 1000 miles by ships of burden and 2000 miles by Boats and Pinnaces having received into it an hundred Rivers openeth into the same Sea with 16 mouths which part the Earth into many Ilands some equal to the Isle of Wight the most remote of those Channels 300 miles distant from one another By some it is called Raliana from Sir Walter Raleigh who took great pains in the discovery and description of it or rather in discovering it so far as to be able to describe it 3 Maragnon of a longer course then any of the other affirmed to measure at the least 6000 miles from his first â—ising to his fall and at his fall into the Sea to be no less then 70 Leagues from one side to the other More properly to be called a Sea then many of those great Lakes or largest Bays which usually enjoy that name 4 Rio de la Placa a River of a less course then the other but equall unto most in the world besides in length from its first Fountain 2000 mile in breadth at his fall into the Sea about 60 Leagues and of so violent a stream that the sea for many Leagues together altereth not the taste of it All these as they do end their Race in the Atlantick so they begin it from the main body of the Andes or at the least some Spur or branch of that great body But before we venture further on more particulars we are to tell you of these Andes that they are the greatest and most noted Mountains of all America beginning at Timama a Town of Popayan in the New Realm of Granada and thence extended Southwards to the straits of Magellan for the space of 1000 Leagues and upwards In breadth about 20 Leagues where they are at the narrowest and of so vast an height withall that they are said to be higher then the Alpes or the head of Caucasus or any of the most noted Mountains in other parts of the VVorld Not easie of ascent but in certain Paths by reason of the thick and unpassable VVoods with which covered in all parts thereof which lie towards Peru for how it is on the other side or by what People it is neighboured is not yet discovered barren and craggie too withall but so full of venemous Beasts and poysonous Serpents that they are said to have destroyed a whole Army of one of the Kings of Peru in his match that way Inhabited by a People as rude and savage as the place and as little hospitable The most noted Mountains of America as before was said and indeed the greatest of the World Of â—ame sufficient of themselves not to be greatned by the addition of impossible Figments or improbable Fictions Among which last I reckon that of Abraham Ortelius a right learned man who will have these Mountains to be that which the Scripture calleth by the name of Sephar Gen. 10. 30. and there affirmed to be the utmost Eastern limit of the sons of Joktan the vanity and inconsequences of which strange conceit we have already noted when we were in India Proceed we now unto the particular descriptions of this great Peninsula comprehending those large and wealthy Countries which are known to us by the names of 1 Castella Aurea 2 The New Realm of Granada 3 Peru 4 Chile 5 Paragnay 6 Brasil 7 Guyana and 8 Paria with their severall Ilands Such other Isles as fall not properly and naturally under some of these must be referred unto the generall head of the American Ilands in the close of all OF CASTELLA DEL ORO CASTELLA del ORO Golden Castile Aurea Castella as the Latines is bounded on the East and North with Mare del Noort on the West with Mare del Zur and some part of Veragua on the South with the New Realm of Granada Called by the name of Castile with reference to Castile in Spain under the favour and good fortune of the Kings whereof it was first discovered Aurea was added to it partly for distinctions sake and partly in regard of that plenty of Gold which the first Discoverers found in it It is also called Terra Firma because one of the first parts of Firm land which the Spaniards touched at having before discovered nothing but some Ilands only The Soâ—l and People being of such several tempers as not to be included in one common Character we wâ—ll consider both apart in the several Provinces of 1 Panama 2 Darien 3 Nova Andaluzia 4 〈◊〉 5 the little Province De la Hacha 1 PANAMA or the District of Panama is bounded on the East with the Golf of Vraba by which parted from the main land of this large Peninsula on the VVest with Veragua one of the Proviâ—ces of Guatimala in Mexicana washed on both the other sides with the Sea So called of Panama the town of most esteem herein and the Juridical Resort of Castella Aurea It taketh up the narrowest part of the Streit or Isthmus which joyns both Peninsulas together not above 7 or 8 leagues over in the narrowest place betwixt Panama and Porto Bello if measured by a straâ—t line from one town to the other though 18 leagues according to the course of the Road betwixt them which by reason of the hils and rivers is full of turnings Of some attempts to dig a Channel through this Isthmus to let the one Sea into the other and of the memorable expedition of John 〈◊〉 â—ver it by land we have spoke already The Air hereof â—oggie but exceeding hot and consequently very unhealthy chiefly from May unto November the Soil either mountainous and barren or low and miery naturally so unfit for grain that 〈…〉 nothing but Maize and that but sparingly better for pasturage in regard of its plenty of grass and the goodness of it so full of Swine at the Spaniards first coming hither that they thought they never should destroy them now they complain as much of their want or paucitie As for the Inhabitants whatsoever they were formerly is not now material most of the old stock rooted out by the Spaniards and no new ones planted in their room so that the Country in all parts except towards the Sea is almost desolated or forsaken The Country as before was said of little breadth and yet full of Rivers the principal whereof 1 〈◊〉 by the Spaniards called Rio de Lagartos or the River of Crocodiles
many of which are harbeâ—â—ed in it which falleth into Mare del Noort betwixt Nombre de Dios and Porto Beleno 2 Sardiniâ—â—a 3 Sâ—ndâ—na 4 Rio de Colubros or the River of Snakes 5 Rio de Comagre all falling into the same Sea Then on the other side 6 Chepo whose sands in former times yielded plenty of gold 7 Rio de las 〈◊〉 on the banks whereof groweth great store of timber for the building of ships 8 De Congos empâ—ying it self into the Bay of S. Michaels â—owns of most note 1 S. Philip seated on a safe and strong Haven called Porto Belo built in this place by the appointment of King Philip the second but by the counsel of John Baptista Antonâ—lli to be the 〈◊〉 or the trade betwixt Spain and Panama partly in regard of the unhealthiness of Nombre dâ— Dios where it was before but chiefly because that Town was found to have lâ—en too open to the invasioâ—s of the English Fortified with two strong Castles on each side of the Haven one but for all that surprized and pillaged by the English under Captain Parker in the year 1601. 2 Nombre de Dios conventently seated in the Upper-sea for a Town of trade and for that reason made the Staple of such commodities as were trucked betwixt Peru and Spain which brought from Spain and landed here were from hence conveyed over the Land to Panama and there shipped for Peru or brought so from Peru and landed at Panama were by land brought unto this place and here shipped for Spain It toâ—k this name from Didaco Niquesa a Spanish Adventurer who having been distressed by tempests was driven in here and bid his men go on shore en nombre de Dios in the name of God In reference 〈…〉 by the Latines borrowing a Greek word it is called Theonyma Of great trade once on the occasion before mentioned but in the year 1584 the trade was removed unto Porto Belo by the counsel of Antâ—nelli before named and some years after that the Inhabitants also To hasten which the taking of this town by Sir Francis Drake served exceeding fitly 3 Acla on the Coast of the same Sea also but on the South east of Nombre de Dios. 4 Nata or S Jago de Nata situate on the Lower sea on the boâ—ders of Veragâ—a about 30 leagues on the west of Panama 5 Panama the chief City of Castella Aurea the Residence of the Governour of the Courts of Justice honoured with a Bishops See a 〈◊〉 to the Atchbishop of Lima and beautified with three fair Monasteries and a College of 〈◊〉 Seated in the 9 degree or Northern Latitude and so near the Sea that the waves come close unto the wall A town through which the wealth of Spain and Peru posseth every year yet not containing above 350 houses the number of the Soldiers greater then that of the Citizens 6 S. Crux la Real a League from Panama inhabited totally by Negroes brought out of Guinea This Province was the first of those on the Firm land which were discovered by Columbus But I find not that he left any name unto it or to any River or Promontory of it but only to a little Iland lying on the shore neer Porto Belo which he caused to be called Los Bastimentos because being cast hereon by chance he found good store of Maize and other provisions called Bastimentos by the Spaniard But the chief Ilands of this Province are those which Columbus never saw called the Ilands of Pearls situate in the Southern sea opposite to Panama from which distant 17 leagues or thereabouts In number above twenty but two only inhabited the one called Tarorequi the other Del Rio the rest of them rather Rocks then Ilands Much famed not onely for the abundance but the excellencie of the Pearls there found fairer then those of Margarita and Cubagna so much commended Once very profitable to the Spaniards till by their cruelty and covetousness they unpeopled the Ilands and destroyed the Pearls Inhabited now only by a few Negroes and some Slaves of Nicaragua who live here to attend the grazing of their Masters Cattel in the fields and pastures 2 DARIEN hath on the North the District of Panoma on the South New Granada on the East the River of Darien whence it hath its name and the Golf of Vraba and on the West the main Southern Ocean The Country of a temperate Air and a fruitful Soil so happy in the production of Melons and such other fruits that within twenty dayes after they are sown they are fully ripe With like felicity it bringeth forth Grapes and other fruits either natural hereunto or brought hither from Europe A tree here is called Hovo not elswhere known the shade of which is conceived to be so wholsom that the Spaniards seek them out to sleep under them Out of the Blossoms of it they distill a perfumed Water of the Bark a Bath or Lavatorie good for the opening of the pores and redress of weariness and from the Roots they draw a Liquour which they use to drink of Of Beasts and Fowl great plenty whether wild or â—ame and some of them not heard of in other places Principal Rivers hereof 1 Darien whence it hath the name A clear water and much drank of but of a slow course and a narrow channel able to bear no bigger Vessels then those of one peece of wood used among the Savages we may call them Troughs But with this slow course it falleth at last into the Golf of Vraba a large Arm of the Sea which pâ—eâ—ceth far into the Land and at the mouth is said to be eight leagues over 2 Rio de las Redas 3 De la Trepadera both emptying themselves into the Golf of Vraba 4 Corobaci on the same side of the Country also 5 Beru a River of the South-Sea not much observable but that some have laboured to derive the Etymologie of Peru from thence Towns of most note though few of any 1 Dariene on the Bank of the Golf of Vraba oftentimes so unhealthy by the Mists which do thence arise that the Inhabitants use to send their sick people to the fresh Air of Corobarie to revive their spirits By the Spaniards it was called S. Maria Antiqua afterwards the Antique of Darien being new built by one Eucisus a Spanish Adventurer An. 1510. and grew so suddenly into wealth and reputation that within four years it was made an Episcopal See But being built too neer the Banks of the Dariene in a moorish and unhealthy place both the Episcopal See and the chief Inhabitants were removed to Panama Some other Colonies of the Spaniards have been planted here but either forsaken by themselves or destroyed by the Savages so that now from Acla to the bottom of the Golf of Vraba the Spaniards have not in their own hands either Town or Village Nothing but some few scattered houses in all that tract for the use of the Natives
Los Quixos 3 Lima 4 Cusco 5 Charcos and 6 Collao three on the Sea and the other three in the midlands to which the Ilands of it shall be joyned in the close of all 1. QVITO is bounded on the North with Popayan on the West with Mare del Zur on the South with the Province of Lima and on the East with that of Los Quixos So named from Quito the chief Town and Province of the first division The soil as fertile and as fit for the fruits of Europe as any other in Peru well stored with Cattell especially the Pacos or Peruvian sheep and plentifully furnished both with Fish and Fowl In many parts great store of Nitre of which they make most approved good Gunpowder and in some Rivers especially that of S. Barbara many veins of Gold The people generally industrious especially in the making of Cloth of Cotton equal almost to silks for fineness of constitution strong and healthy but given to lying drinking and such other vices with which they are so much in love that though they are conceived to be apt of Learning yet not without great difficulty brought to the Christian Faith nor willingly reclaimed from their ancient Barbarism Extreamly punished with the Pox an hereditary disease amongst them the very Girls and untouched Virgins so infected with it that neither Tobacco Guajacan nor Sarsa parilla all which this Country doth afford in a great abundance is able to preserve them from it Towns of most observation in it 1 Carangues a large and sumptuous Palace of the ancient Kings so named because situate in the Territory of the Carangues a barbarous bloody and man-eating people subdued by Guayanacapa one of the mightiest of the Kings of Peru from whom revolting and withall killing many of his Ministers and Garrison-Souldiers they were upon a second conquest brought to the banks of a great Lake into which 20000 of them being killed were thrown The Lake from thenceforth called Yaguarcochâ— or the Lake of blood 2 Otavallu another Palace of the Kings but far inferiour to the other yet giving name unto the Cantred in which it standeth 3 Quito the chief of this Resort and once the Regal seat of its proper Kings till made subject by Guayanacapa before mentioned the ruines of whose Palace are now remaining By the Spaniards it is called S. Francisco built on the declivity of an Hill not above 30 minutes from the Equinoctial well fortified and as well furnished with Ammunition inhabited by about 500 Spaniards besides the Natives The streets whereof strait and broad the buildings decent the principal of which the Cathedral Church the Courts of Justice and two Convents of Dominican and Franciscan Friers The Town and Territory much annoyed by a Flaming Mountain or Vulcano which in the year 1560 cast out such abundance of cinders that if a rain had not hapned beyond expectation had made great spoil upon the place 4 Tacunga fifteen Leagues from Quito and 5 Rhiobamba in the Territory of the Purvasii 40 Leagues from that each of them honoured with another of those ancient Palaces 6 Thomebamba neighboured by another of the Kings Palaces but more magnificent then the former situate in the Country of the Canares amongst whom anciently the Women tilled the Land and did all without doors whiles the Men staid at home and spun and attended housewifry 7 Cuenca 64 Leagues from Quito on another Road situate in a Country full of Gold Silver Brass Iron and veins of Sulphur 8 Loxa sixteen Leagues southwards of Cuenca situate in the fift Degree of Southern Latitude and in a sweet and pleasant Valley called Guxibamba between two fine Riverets The Citizens well furnished with Horse and Armour but not otherwise wealthy 9 Zamora twenty Leagues on the East of Loxa and 10 Jaen 35 from that both situate in the Province of Quachimayo and both so called in reference to two Cities of those names in Spain Then on the Sea coasts there are 11 Portus Votus Pucrto Veio as the Spaniards call it not far from the Sea-side but in so ill an Air that it is not very much frequented Said to be one of the first Towns of this Country possessed by the Spaniards who digged up hereabouts the bones of a monstrous Giant whose Cheek-teeth were four fingers broad 12 Mantu the Port Town to Porto Veâ—o from whence the trade is driven betwixt Panuma and Peru the town it self situate in a rich vein of Emeralds 13 Guayaquill or S. Jago de Guayaquil called also Gulata seated at the bottom of an Arm of the Sea neer the influx of the River Guayaquil a noted and much frequented Empory 14 Castro a Colonie of Spaniards planted An. 1568 in that part of this Country which they call Provincia de los Esmeraldos bordering on Popayan 15 S. Michael by the old Natives called Piura the first Colony which the Spaniards planted in Peru but otherwise of no estimation 16 Payta a small Town but neighboured by the safest and most frequented Haven of all this Country as guarded from the winde by the Cape of S. Helens on the North and Punta Piurina on the South two eminent Promontories The Town burnt An. 1587. by Capt. Cavendish Who at the same time also pillaged the Isle of Puna the most noted Iland of this Tract situate in the Bay of Tombez as was said before Fruitfull of all things necessary to the life of man Parats for pleasure Sarzaparilla for his health The people in preceding times so stout and Warlike that they maintained a long War with those of Tombez till in the end composed by the mediation of the King of Peru to whom the King hereof for a King it had became an Homager as since their embracing of the Gospel to the Kings of Spain 2 LOS QVIXOS lieth on the East of Quito and the west of El Dorada one of the Cantreds of Guiana so called from its abundance of Gold but little different in the nature of the soil and people from the Province of Quito but that this is somewhat the more barren and less stored with those rich metals which the Spaniards come for The People have also a distinct tongue of their own though they both understand and speak the Peruvian language Chief Towns hereof 1 Baeza built in the year 1559. which was within two years of the first discovery of this Region by Giles Ramirez de Avila 18 leagues from Quito towards the East now the seat of the Governour 2 Archidona 20 leagues on the South-east of Baeza 3 Avila on the North of Archidona so called with reference to Ramirez de Avila before mentioned or to a Town of that name in Spain 4 Sevilla del Oro a Colonie of the Spaniards as the others are On the East of this Province lieth the Cantred of Canelam inhabited by a blockish and ignorant People and destitute of all things necessary for the comforts of life Most mercilesly tormented and cast to dogs to be devoured by
Pizarro because they could not shew him the readiest way to some richer Country then their own this being the most barren Region of that part of Peru which they call La Sierra or the Hill-Countries More Eastwards yet in that part which they call the Andes he the Cantreds of the Bracomori commonly called Juan de Salinas by the name of the first Discoverer of it A Country not inferior unto many for the quantity of Gold superior to any for the pureness of it Chief Towns of which 1 Valladolit 2 Loiola by the Natives called Cumbinama 3 S. Jago de las Montannas or S. James of the Mountains all Spanish Colonies and all of the foundation of John de Salinis a Loiola once the Pro-Praefect of the Province by whom first thorowly subdued to the Crown of Spain 3 LIMA called also LOSREYES is bounded on the North with Quito on the South with Charcas on the West with Mare del Zur on the East with Collao and the Province of Cusco So named from Lima or Los Reyes the chief City of it Extended from the 6. to the 16. Degree of Southern Latitude or measuring it from the Promontorie del Aguja North to Arequipa on the South it reacheth to 250 leagues The soil of the same nature with that of Quito but more distributed into Vallies and better peopled Ilaces of most observation 1 Miraslores in the valley of Zanu 110 leagues on the North of Lima and about five leagues distant from the Sea on which it hath an Haven belonging to it called Chencepen The Town well seated and inhabited by a wealthy people made such by the abundance of Sugar canes in the neighbouring Valley 2 Truxillo in the rich and flourishing Valley of Chimo on the banks of a small but pleasant River and about two leagues from the sea where it hath a large but unsafe Haven which they call El Azzecife de Trugillo The Town it self situate in the 7. Degree and 30 minutes of Southern Latitude well built and rich one of the principal of Peru inhabited by 1500 Spaniards besides the Natives and beautified with four Convents of several Orders 3 La Parilla in the valley of the Santa in which it standeth and by which it is furnished with a safe and convenient Road for shiping 20 leagues Southwards of Truxillo and neighboured by rich Mines of silver not long since discovered 4 Arnedo seated amongst Vineyards in the Valley of Chancay ten leagues North of â—ima 5 Lima by the Spaniards called Cividad de los Reyes or the City of Kings situate in the Valley of Lima the most fruitful part of all Peru in the Latitude of twelve Degrees and an half Built with much art for all the chief streets answer to the Market-place scarce any private house which hath not water conveyed into it from the River environed round about with sweet fields and most pleasant gardens The founder of it Francisco Pizarro who laid the first stone on Twelf day which the Spaniards call the Feasâ— of Kings whence it had the name An. 1553. A Town of greater wealth then bigness the Riches of Peru passing yearly thorow it well housed whether we respect the private or publike edifices the Catâ—edral Church made after the the model of that of Sevil the Convents of Religious Orders the Courts of Justiceâ— and the Palaces of the Archbishop and Vice-Roy being all fair and goodly buildings the Caâ—hedral Church so well endowed that the Revenues of the Archbishop do amount yearly to 30000 Ducats besides what belongeth to the Canons and other Ministers 6 Collao the Haven town to Lima from which two leagues distant a Town of 600 families for the most part Sea men every house having some Cellar in it for the stowage of Wine Tobacco Cables Pitch c. for the use of Mariners besides those publike ware-houses for the several commodities which pass from Lima â—ither or from hence to Lima. Unfortified till the year 1579. when sacked and spoiled of infinite treasures by Sir Francis Drake since that time strengthened by two Bulwarks and a wall of earth with 30 peace of Brass Ordnance planted on the works 7 Pachacama in the Valley so called but â—oar leagues on the South of Lima memorable for a Temple in which Pizarro found above 900000 Ducaâ—s of gold and silver not reckoning in those infinite treasures which the souldiers had laid hands on before his coming 8 Guarco a Colonie of 300 Spaniards sixteen leagues on the South of Pachacama environed with the best fields for Wheat in all Peru. 9 Valverde in a Valley of the same name so called from the perpetual greenness of it best furnished with Vines and those affording the best wines of all this Country A large Town consisting of 500 Spaniards besides women and children and other inhabitants of the Country well traded considering its distance from the Sea Puerto Quemado the Haven to it being six leagues off and beautified with a fair Church an Hospital three Frieries and the handsomest women of these parts Distant from Lima 35 leagues 10 Castro Verreyna in the Valley of Chocolâ—cocha 60 leagues from Lima enriched with Mines of the purest Silver digged out of a dry and â—arâ—en hill alwayes covered with snow and standing in so sharp an air that the Spanish women will not be delivered in it but are carried further off to be brought to bed From hence as I conjecture comes that vein of Tobacco which our Good-fellows celebrate by the name of the right Verreinas 11 Arequipa in the Valley of Quilca 120 leagues from Lima a pleasing and delightfull town which situate at the foot of a flaming mountain from which in the year 1600 it received much harm enjoyeth a fresh and temperate Air and a soil alwayes flourishing The silver of Plata and Potosi passeth thorow this town and is shipped for Panama at an Haven belonging to it situate on the mouth of the River Chile upon which Arequipa standeth but dâ—stant from the town about 14 leagues 12 Caxamalca more within the land but more towards the North heretofore beautified with a Royal Palace of the Kings of Peru memorable for the imprisonment and murder of Atabilaba or Athnalpa the last King of this Country vanquished not far off by Francisco Pizarro 13 Cachapoyaro in the Cantred so called the best inhabited of any one Cantred of those parts supposed to contain in it 20000 of the Natural Inhabitants which pay duties to the Kings of Spain and so esteemed for beautiful women that from hence the Kings were antiently furnished with their Concubines 14 Leon de Guaâ—uco the addition given it from the Province in which it standeth a Colonie of Spaniards rich sweet and very Pleasantly seated beautified heretofore with a most magnificent Palace of the Kings as now with some Religious houses a College of Jesuites and the dwellings of many of the Nobility Many other midland Towns there are but of no great note and therefore purposely passed
in the Northern borders of this Province 2 Rio de Coquimbo 3 La Ligua 4 Topocalma 5 Cacapool 6 Canten all falling into Mare del Zur and besides these a nameless but more famous River which in the day time runneth with a violent current and in the night hath no water at all The reason of it is because this River having no constant Fountain is both begun and continued by the Snow falling from the Mountains which in the heat of the day melted into water is precipitately carryed into the Sea but congealed in the coldness of the night yields no water at all whereby the Channel becometh empty Places of most observation in it 1 Gopiapo giving name to a fertile Valley in the most Northern tract hereof and neighboured by a small but commodious Haven 2 Serena a Colonie of the Spaniards on the Sea-side not far from the influx of Rio de Coquimbo on whose banks it is seated where built by Baldivia the Conquerour and first Governour of this Province An. 1544. The territory round about it rich in Mines of Gold the Town it self of 200 houses but so well peopled that at the landing of some of the English under Captain Drake they presently sent out 300 Horse and 200 Foot to compell them back unto their ships which they did accordingly 3 S. Jago the chief of all this Province though not above 80 houses in it because the Residence of the Governour and the Courts of Justice adorned with a Cathedral Church and some Convents of Dominican and Franciscan Priers situate in the 34 Degree of Southern Latitude on the banks of the River Topacalma at the mouth whereof is the Haven of Val paraiso the best and most noted of this Country out of which the English under Drake took a Spanish ship and therein 25000 Pezos of the purest Gold besides other Commodities 4 Conception 70 Leagues on the South of S. Jago situate on the shores of a large and capacious Bay by the Natives called Penco by which and the mountains on all sides so strongly fenced that the Governour when distressed by the Savages as sometimes they are retireth hither for his safety Well fortified in such places as are accessible and garrisoned with 500 souldiers besides the Townsmen Opposite hereunto lyeth the Isle of S. Marie so near the shore that it seems to have been rent from it by the force of the Sea fruitful and very well provided of Swine and Poultrie but the people so in fear of the Spaniards dwelling in Conception that they dare not kill or eat either but by leave from them 5 Auracona so I think they call it a strong Fortress in the Country of the Auracans the most potent Nation of these parts who weary of the Spanish yoke revolted against Baldivia overcame him in a set fight and at last killed him this piece being thereupon forsaken of no more use 6 De los Confines built by Baldivia in the borders of the Country of those Auracans to serve for a defence to the Mines of Ongol near adjoyning distant from the Sea shores about 18 Leagues enlarged by Garsias de Mendoza and by him called Villa Neuva de los infantes 7 Imperiale in the 38 Degree and 40 Minutes of Southern Latitude situate on the banks of the River Cauten an Episcopal See and the best Fortress of the Spaniards in all this Province Fortified and made a Colonie of Spaniards in the year 1551 and by Baldivia called Al Impertale because they found an Eagle with two heads made in wood on the doors of their houses a monument perhaps of some Germans who had here been shipwrackt A Town of so great wealth and power before known to the Spaniards that in a war betwixt them and the Araucans spoken of before they are said to have brought upto the field 300000 men 8 Villa Rica another Colonie of Spaniards 16 Leagues on the South-east of Imperiale and 25 Leagues from the shores of Mare del Zur 9 Baldivia the most noted Town of all these parts situate in the Valley of Guadallanguen in the Latitude of 40 Degrees or thereabouts adorned with a safe and capacious Haven and neighboured by Mines of Gold of such infinite riches that Baldivia by whom built for defence of those Mines received thence daily by the labour of each single workman 25000 Crowns a man and sometimes more Sacked by the Savages An. 1599. since repaired by the Spaniards 10 Osorno on the Banks of the Bay of Chilve or Ancud as the Savages call it situate in a barren soyl but well stored with Gold and thought to be more populous then Valdivia it self 11 Castro the most Southern Town of all this Province in the Latitude of 44. built in a large and fruitful Iland of the Bay of Ancud said to be 50 Leagues in length but the breadth unequal in some parts nine in others not above two Leagues 12 S. Juan de la Frontera on the further side of the Andes towards Paraguay or Rio de la Plata To this Province there belong also certain Ilands lying on the coasts and shores hereof 1 S. Marie's spoken of before 2 Mocha upon the South of that five Leagues from the Continent fruitful of grain and very good pasturage sufficient to maintain the Inhabitants of it who being the descendants of those Americans who fled hither to avoid the tyranny of the Spaniards hitherto have made good their liberty against that Nation of which so jealous that they would not suffer the English under Drake and Cavendish to land amongst them for fear they had been Spaniards or some friends of theirs 3 Castro which we have spoken of already 2. MAGELLANICA is bounded on the North with Chile and the Province of Rio de la Plata on the South with Fretum Magellanicum or the Streits of Magelian on the West with Mare del Zur on the East with Mare del Noort or the main Atlantick So called from Magellanus by whom first discovered of whom we shall speak more hereafter It is in length from the borders of Chile to the mouth of the Streits 300 Leagues in breadth from one Sea to the other where broadest above 400 Leagues in some but 90 only and in others less according as it draweth towards the point of the Pyramis The inland parts of the Country not yet discovered those on the Sea side observed to be rockie and unfruitful exposed for the most part of the year to such bitter colds that the Snow lyeth alwaies on the Mountains The people said to be tall of stature and some of them of a Gigantine bigness reported to be ten or eleven foot high and by the Spaniards for that reason are called Patagons Both great and less sufficiently rude and barbarous quite naked and unfurnished of any houses notwithstanding the rigour of the cold No Houses doth imply no Towns and therefore we must look for none in so rude a Country as hath not hitherto conversed with more
though some places have been marked out for new Plantations here being little Gold and Silver and consequently not much temptation to draw on the Spaniards to the work OF BRASIL BRASIL is bounded on the East with Mare del Noort or the main Atlantick on the West with some undiscovered Countries lying betwixt it and the Andes on the North with Guiana from which parted by the great River Maragnon and on the South with Paraguay or the Province of Rio de la Plata The reason of the name I find not except it came from the abundance of that wood called Brasil wood which was found amongst them as the famous Isle of Cyprus from its plenty of Cypresses It reacheth from the 29. to the 39. Degree of Southern Latitude or measuring it by miles it is said to be 1500 miles from North to South and 500 miles in breadth from the Sea to the Andes which must be understood with reference to the whole extent of it for otherwise all that which is possessed by the Portugals under the name of Brasil is so short of taking up all the breadth hereof that they possess nothing but the Sea coasts and some few Leagues comparatively within the land the greatest part of it being so far from being conquered that it hath not hitherto been discovered The Country full of Mountains Rivers and Forrests diversified into Hils and Plains always pleasant and green The Air for the most part sound and wholsom by rea on of the fresh winds which do reign amongst them there being all along the Coasts certain quick winds rising from the South about two houres before Noon which do much benefit the Inhabitants yet in regard it is somewhat movst it is hold to be more agreeable to old men then to young The soil in most parts very fruitful were it not cloâ—ed with too much rain but howsoever liberally provided of Sugar câ—nes no one Country more 〈◊〉 of which they have their Ingenios as they call them or Sugar houses in most parts of the Country in which they entertain many thousand slaves brought hither yearly from Guinea and Congo and other maritime parts of Africk A trade in which the Portugals are much delighted and I cannot blame them there being few years in each of which they bring not out of Brasil to Portugal 150000 〈◊〉 of Sugar every Arrobe containing 25 Bushels of our English measure Here is also infinite quantities of that red wood used in dying Cloth which we commonly call Brasil wood but whether the wood took that name from the Country or the Country rather from the wood I determine not the trees whereof are of that incredible greatness that whole families live on an Arm of one of them every tree being as populous as the most of our villages In other Commodities common to them with the other Americans we need not give particular â—â—stance Amongst the Rarities hereof are reckoned 1 the Plant called Copiba the bark of which being cut doth send out a Balm the soveraign verue whereof is to well known to the very Beasts that being but by venemous serpents they reâ—ort unto it for their cure 2 The Herb called Sentida or Viva which toughly touched well close the leaves and not open them again till the man that had offended 〈◊〉 be gone out of sight 3. A kind of Wheat in the Valley neer unto S. Sebastian which is continually 〈◊〉 and alwayes ripe or never wholly â—pe because alwayes growing for when one Ear doth gâ—an another doth bloom when one is ripe and yellow another is green 4 The Oxesish with eyeâ— and eye-lids two arms a cubit long and at each an hand with five fingers and nails as in a man under the arms two tears inwards like a Cow in every female 5 A Creature found of late about the Bay of All Saints which had the face of an Ape the feet of a Lion and all the rest of a man of such a terrible aspect that the Souldier who shot him fell down dead but this I rather look on as an aberration of Nature then a rarity in her 6 Beasts of such strange shapes and such several kinds that it may be said of Brasil as once of Africk Semper aliquid apportat novi every day some new object of Admiration The people here are endowed with a pretty understanding as may seem by him who tartly blamed the covetousness of the Spanish for coming from the other end of the world to dig for Goâ—d and holding up a wedge of Gold cryed out Behold the God of the Christians But in most places they are barbarous the men and women go stark naked and on high festival days hang Jewels in their lips these 〈◊〉 days are when a company of good neighbours come together to be merry over the rosted body of a 〈◊〉 whom they cut in collops called Boucon and eat with great greediness and as much delectation They have two 〈◊〉 qualities as being mindfull of injuries and forgetfull of benefits The Men cruel without measure and the Women infinitely lascivious They cannot pronounce the Letters L. F. R. The reason of which one being demanded made answer because they had amongst them neither Law Faith noâ— Rulers They are able Swimmers as well Women as Men and will stay under water an hour together Women in Travel are here delivered without any great pain and presently go about their business be longing to good housewives The good-man according to the fashion of one kinder sorts of Husbands in England who are said to breed their wives children being sick in their stead and keeping their â—ed so far that he hath â—rothes made him is visited by his 〈◊〉 or Neighbours and hath Junâ—ets sent to comfort him And amongst these there are some Rarities if not Monstrosities in Nature it being said of those which live towards the Andes that they are hairy all over like Beasts such as Orson is fained to have been in the old Romance and probably so ingendred also that the Guaymares disbowell women with childe and roast the children and finally that the savage Nation of Camucuiara have their Paps almost down unto their knees which they tie about their waste when they run or go faster then ordinary Rivers of note I finde not any till I come to Maragnon though that a Boundary rather betwixt this and Guiana then proper unto this alone If any chance to come in our way as we cross the Country we shall not pass them over without some remembrance And so proceed we to the division of the Country not into Provinces or Nations as in other Places but into Praefectures or Captainships as the Portugals call them Of which there are 13 in all which we shall severally touch on as we trace the coast from the Province of Rio de la Plata unto that of Guiana that is to say 1. The Captainship of S. VINCENT bordering on Rio de la Plata inhabited by the most civil People of all
or the River of Amazons 2 Wiapoco or Guiana specially so called 3 Orenoque and 4 the Isles of Guiana 1. RIO DELAS AMAZONES or the River of Amazons containeth that part of this Country which lieth along the tract of that famous River The soil in some places dry and barren in others fertile and productive of the choicest fruits Full of large Woods and in those Woods most sort of Trees which are to be found in America One amongst others of most note and perhaps peculiar to Guiana which they call the Totock a tree of great bulk and as great a fruit this last as big as a mans head and so hard withall that when the fruit grows ripe and ready to fall the people dare not go into the woods without an helmet or some such shelter over their heads for fear of beating out their brains The Kernels of it for the most part ten or twelve in number have the taste of Almonds and are said to be provocative in point of Venerie Of which the Savages have this By-word Pigue seeke in Saccowe pâ—ngean Totâ—â—ke that is to say Eat Totock if thou wouldst be potent in the Acts of Venus Here are also Sugar-canes in some places and the Plant called Pita the taste whereof is said to be like Strawberries Claret-wine and Sugar The principal Inhabitants of this part of the Country the Yaos Cockettuway Pattâ—cui Tockianes Tomoes and Wackehanes dwelling on the Continent the Maraons and Arowians possessed of the Ilands Towns of note I have met with none amongst them though every house most of them 150 foot in length 20 in breadth and entertaining at the least an hundred persons might pass sufficiently for a Village Yet they are safer housed then so for otherwise their houses would afford them but little comfort in the overflowings of the River which drown all the Country and therefore they betake themselves to the tops of trees and there remain like Birds with their several families till the waters be drawn in again and the earth become more comfortable for habitation Yet I find some of these their dwellings called by proper names as 1 Matarem 2 Roakery 3 Anarcaprock 4 Haaman 5 Womians and 6 Coâ—â—mymne But I find nothing but their names and enough of that The first Discoverer of this River and the parts adjoyning was Orellana the Lieutenant of Gonsales Pizâ—rro whom his brother Francisco Pizarro then Viceroy of Peru had made the Governour of Quito Moved with the noise of some rich Countries beyond the Andes he raised sufficient forces and passed over those Mountains where finding want of all things for the life of man they made a Boat and 〈◊〉 Orellana to bring in provisions But the River which he chanced into was so swift of course that he was not able to go back and therefore of necessity to obey his fortune in following the course of that strong water Passing along by divers desolate and unpeopled places he came at last into a Country planted and inhabited where he first heard of the Amazons by those Savages called Comapuyaras of whom he was bidden to beware as a dangerous people And in the end having spent his time in passing down this River from the beginning of January to the end of August 1540. he came at last into the Sea and getting into the isle of Cubana sailed into Spain the course of his voyage down the water he estimated at 180 leagues or 5400 English miles but found no Amazons in his passage as himself affirmed only some masculine women shewed themselves intermixt with the men to oppose his landing and in some places he found men with long hair like women either of which might make these parts believed to be held by Amazons But to proceed Arriving at the Court of Spain he got Commission for the conquest of the Countries by him discovered and in the year 1549. he betook himself unto the service But though he found the mouth of the River one of them at least he could never hit upon the Channel which brought him down though attempted often Which ill success with the consideration of his loss both in fame and fortunes brought him to his grave having got nothing but the honour of the first discovery and the leaving of his name to that famous River since called Orellana The enterprise pursued but with like success by one Pedro de Orsna An. 1560. after which the Spaniards gave it over And though the English and the Hollanders have endeavoured an exact discovery and severally begun some Plantations in it yet they proved as unfortunate as the others their Quarters being beaten up by the neighbouring Portugals before they were sufficiently fortified to make any resistance 2. WIAPOCO or GVIANA especially so called taketh up the middle of this Country on both sides of the River of Wiapoco whence it hath its name A River of a long course but not passable up the stream above 16 miles by reason of a Cataract or great fall from the higher ground in breadth betwixt that Cataract and the Aestuarium about the tenth part of a mile at the Aestuarium or influx a whole mile at least and there about two fathoms deep The Country on both sides of this River very rich and fertile so natural for Tobacco that it groweth to nine handfuls long Sugar-canes grow here naturally without any planting and on the shrubs great store of Cotton and the Dye by some called Orellana Plenty of Venison in their Woods and of Fish in their Rivers their fields well stored with Beasts which themselves call Moyres in shape and use resembling Kine but without any horns The people generally of a modest and ingenious countenance Naked but would wear cloaths if they had them or knew how to make them Their bread is made of a Plant called Cassavi of which also being dried and chewed and then strained thorow a wicker-vessel they make a kind of drink in colour like new Ale but not so well tasted and of less continuance The greatest part of their food is Fish which they intoxicate with a strong-sented wood and so take them up as they lâ—e floating on the top of the water Much troubled with a worm like a Flea by the Spaniards called Nignas which get under the nails of their Toes and multiply there to infinite numbers and the no less torture of the Patient without speedy prevention No better remedy found out then to poure Wax melting hot on the place affected which being pulled off when t is cold dâ—aws the Vermin with it sometimes 800 at a pull The women of such easie child birth that they are delivered without help and presently bring the child to his father for they have so much natural modesty as to withdraw from company upon that occasion who washeth it with water and painteth it with several colours and so returneth it to the mother Rivers of note here are very many no Country under Heaven being better watered nor fuller
282. 20. 31. 0. Guanaâ—â— 294. 50. 8. 10. A. Guardalupe 319. 20. 15. 20. Guatimala 303. 0. 24. 20. H Hangnedo 310. 30. 54. 0. Havana 292. 10. 20. 0. Hochelaga 300. 50. 44. 10. Hunedo 324. 0. 51. 30. I Jabaque 315. 15. 17. 15. S. Jago 298. 10. 30. 10. Isabella 305. 20. 18. 50. L Lempa 274. 10. 16. 50. Lima 296. 40. 23. 30. Loxa 293. 30. 9. 50. A. M Malagnana 306. 0. 23. 40. Malones 279. 40. 13. 40. Maracapana 312. 10. 8. 0. Margarita 314. 10. 10. 50. Mexico 283. 0. 38. 30. Martha 301. 20. 10. 40. S. Michael 291. 40. 6. 10. A. S. Michael 327. 10. 47. 20. Mona 309. 30. 18. 0. Monsorate 319. 10. 15. 40. Montroyal 301. 0. 45. 40. Mopox 301. 10. 10. 0. N Navaca 300. 20. 17. 10. Niccia 284. 30. 10. 40. Nives 318. 40. 16. 20. Nombre de Dios 294. 30. 9. 20. Norumbega 315. 40. 43. 40. P Paca 302. 50. 31. 10. A. Paito 290. 30. 5. 10. A. Panama 294. 30. 8. 30. Panuco 270. 10. 22. 20. Pasto 304. â—0 1140. A. Pina 296. 20. 3. 0. Plata 305. 0. 19. 50. A. Popayan 297. 20. 1. 50. Possession 241. 30. 32. 20. Potosi 315. 10. 21. 10. A. Q Quilcoa 298. 50. 16. 30. A. Quintete 303. 40. 34. 40. A. Quito 293. 10. 0. 10. Quivira 233. 0. 41. 40. R Roca 311. 0. 11. 10. Roquelay 314. 10. 50. 0. S Saba 317. 30. 17. 20. Salinas 321. â—0 53. 0. S. Salvadore 321. 10. 5. 0. Sante 294. 40. 9. 30. A. Saona 309. 0. 16. 50. Sorand 351. 40. 61. 0. T Tabaco 322. 10. 10. 40. Tarnaco 270. 15. 24. 40. Tavasco 275. 40. 18. 20. Testigos 316. 10. 11. 0. Thomebamba 293. 40. 1. 50. A. Tiquisana 305. 20. 16. 0. A. Tochtipec 274. 40. 19. 0. Tortuga 303. 50. 20. 20. Totonteac 248. 20. 36. 0. Trinidad 295. 50. 21. 20. Tumbez 291. 40. 4. 10. A. V Valparaiso 300. 0. 33. 0. A. Vllao 242. 10. 30. 30. Vraba 297. 20. 7. 30. Vrcos 301. 0. 14. 50. A. Wococan 307. 30. 34. 0. Z Zacatula 269. 4. 20. 0. A. is the mark of Southern Latitude The End of the Second Part of the Fourth Book AN APPENDIX To the Former VVork ENDEAVOURING A DISCOVERY OF THE VNKNOWN PARTS OF THE WORLD ESPECIALLY OF Terra Australis Incognita OR THE Southern Continent BY PETER HEYLIN HORAT DE ARTE POET. Pictoribus atque Poetis Quidlibet audendi semper fuit aequa Potestas LONDON Printed for Henry Seile 1652. AN APPENDIX To the Former VVork Endeavouring a Discovery Of the VNKNOWN PARTS of the WORLD AND here we are upon a new and strange Adventure which no Knight Errant ever undertook before Of things unknown as there is commonly no desire so less discourse can probably be made upon them By unknown therefore we must understand less known or not well discovered and in that sense we may as well endeavour to say somwhat of them as others with more pains and hazard to attempt the discovery And to say truth even in the known parts of the World there is much unknown as in the best and most flourishing Kingdoms of the Earth there is some waste ground either not cultivated at all or not so well inhabited as the rest of the Country For besides many vast tracts of ground in the North and North-west parts of Tartary and such parts of India as he Northwards towards Delanguer Nangrocot the East parts of Caucasus and the Realms of Cathay it is conceived that the greatest part of the midlands of Africk are undiscovered to this day or the knowledge of them so imperfect as comes neer a nescience And for America not reckoning in the Northern Borders which are in part to be the subject of this enquirie it is affirmed of the Midlands by John de Lact who hath made the most exact description of it that was ever extant Minimasui parte perlustratum esse that the least part of them hath been discovered hitherto to any purpose Leaving these therefore as before without further search we will divide the VNKNOWN WORLD into these two parts 1 Terra Incognita Borealis and 2 Terra Incognita Australis which with their Subdivisions we will now pursue TERRA INCOGNITA BOREALIS TERRA INCOGNITA BOREALIS is that part of the Vnknown World which lieth towards the North and is to be considered in these three notions 1. As directly under the Pole which for distinctions sake we will call Orbis Arcticus 2. As lying to the North-east on the back of Europe and Asia or 3. on the North-west on the back of America 1. ORBIS ARCTICVS is that part of Terra Borealis Incognita which lieth under or about the Arctick Pole the situation and dimensions of which being taken with the Astrolabe by an Oxford-Frier are by Mercator thus described out of the Itinerarie of James Cnoxe of Boâ— le duc or the Besche a Town of Brabant Under the Artick Pole saith he is said to be a black Rock of wondrous height about 33 leagues in compasss the Land adjoyning being torn by the Sea into four great Ilands For the Ocean violently breaking thorow it and disgorging it self by 19 Channels maketh four Euripi of 〈◊〉 Whirlpools by which the waters are finally carried towards the North and there swallowed into the Bonels of the Earth That Euripus or Whirpool which is made by the Scythick Ocean hath five 〈◊〉 and by reason of his strait passage and violent course is never frozen the other on the back of Greenland being 37 leagues long hath three inlets and remaineth frozen three moneths yearly Between these two there lieth an Iland on the North of Lappia and Bâ—â—rmia inhabited as they say by Pygmies the tallest of them not above four foot high A certain Scholer of Oxford reporteth that these four Euripi are carried with such furious violence towards some Gulf in which they are finally swallowed up that no ship is able with never so strong a Gale to stem the Current and yet that there is never so strong a wind as to blow a Windmill The 〈◊〉 Ciralâ—us Cambrensis 〈◊〉 his Book De mirabilibus Hiberniae So far and to this purpose he But Blundevile our Countryman is of another opinion as indeed who not neither believing that Plinie or any other of the Roman Writers came hither to describe this Promontory or that the Oxford Frier without the Assistance of some cold Devil of the middle Region or the Aire and consequently able to endure all weathers could approach so neer as to measure these cold Countries with his Astrolabe or take the height of this Blacks Rock with his Jacobs Staff Leaving this therefore as more fit for Lucians Dialogues then any serious discourse we will proceed to matters of more truth and certainty 2. THE NORTH WEST parts of Terra incognita Borealis are those which lie on the back of Estotiland the most Northern Province of America by which it hath been much endeavoured
most of the three the greatest situate over against the South-east Promontâ—ry of the said Peninsula called from hence Cabeca de los Martyres or the Cape of Martyrs Denominated thus by John Ponce the Spaniard in his first discovery of this Country because they seemed afar off to have some resemblance to men impaled upon Stakes as many of the Martyrs were in the Primitive times Infamous for the many shipwracks which have since there hapned but of great observation amongst Sea faring men because they know by leaveing these Rocks or Ilands on the left hand of them that they are already entred in the Streits 3. THE LVCAIOS specially lie dispersed on the East of the Peninsula many in number and so called from Lucaioneque the greatest and most Northern of them situate in the 27 degree of Latitude of more length then breadth but hitherto known by name only Of greater note though not so big is that called 2 Bahama in the middle way betwixt Lucaoneyn and the Peninsula in length 13 Leagues and eight in breadth memorable for giving name to the violent current interposing betwixt it and the Demy-Iland called the Streits of Bahama yet not so streit but that they are 16 miles in breadth though of so forcible a Course that many times neither winde nor Oars can prevail against it 3 Guanahani the most famous of all these Ilands because the first that was discovered by Columbus being then almost out of hope of proceeding further who thereupon caused it to be called S. Saviours well shaded at that time with Trees full of fresh Springs and very plentifull of Cotton now overgrown with shrubs and bushes 4 Guanima by Columbus when first discovered called S. Maria de Conception begirt about with Rocks and quick sands but otherwise of a pleasant and fruitfull soyl full or delicate Springs Others there are to the number of 24. or thereabouts whose names occur in many of our larger Maps but being we finde nothing of them but their very names I shall not trouble my self with the Nomenclature Of all in general it is said that they obeyed their King so strictly for a King they had that if he commanded them to leap down from an high Rock they performed the same though he gave no reason but his Will The Women of so perfect beauty that many of the bordering Nations forsook their own Countries to enjoy their Loves their shape and beauty the more discernable in regard not suffered to wear any thing till their purgations nor after that but nets of Cotton filled with leaves of Herbs But now and long since there are neither men nor women to be found in any of them the People being long since wasted by the Spaniards in the Mines of Cuba and Hispaniola or consumed by Famine and Diseases or otherwise made away in Prisons and by several Torments to the number of a Million and 200000 as some have told us And so we pass unto the other side of those Northern Conntries opposite to Nova Francia Virginia and the main Land of Florida that when we fall into the Countries now possessed by the Spaniard we may not wander out of them till this work be finished except it be to take a progress into some of the Ilands which cannot otherwise be visited but by such a start OF CALIFORMIA CALIFORMIA in the large and general acception of it containeth all those Provinces of Mexicana which lie on the West-side of that Northern Peninsula beyond Nova Gallicia and New Spain though in the stricter limited to that Province onely which lieth like a Demy-Iland on the other side of a long and spacious Gulf called Mer Vermiglio and from hence the Bay of Califormia But taking it in the largest sense it hath on the West and so unto those undiscovered parrs which lie furthest North to the Streits of Anian So witnesseth John de Laet 1. 6. c. 11. CALIFORMIA communiter dicitur quicquid terrarum Novae Hispaniae atque Galliciae ad Occidentem objicitur ad extremos Americae Septentrionalis terminos Fretum quod vulgo Anian vocant Limited in the stricter sense and acception of it to an Iland as it is now generally conceived to be extended in a full length from North to South on the West hereof So that for our more regular proceeding in the Chorographie and Story of it we must divide it into the Continent and the Iland the Continent subdivided into the two large Provinces of 1 Quivira and 2 Cibola the Iland into 3 Califormia specially so called and 4 Nova Albion And first the Continent of this part which we call Califormia hath on the East some parts of Nova Gallicia and besides that those vast and undiscovered Countries which lie on the West-side of Canada and Virginia on the opposite shore bound on the North with the unknown parts of this Mexicana on the North-west with the Streits of Anian if such Streits there be on the West with the Sea interposing betwixt it and the Iland called Mer Vermiglio and on the South and South-west with the rest of Nova Gallicia from which parted by a great River called Rio del Noort A River which rising in the 40 degree of Northern latitude first parteth Tignez a Province of Quivira from that of New-Mexico one of the Provinces of Nova Gallicia and after a long course falleth into the Sea called Mer Vermiglio above Cinoloa another of the Provinces of that Division Divided as before was said into the two great Provinces of 1 Quivira and 2 Cibola 1 QVIVIRA taking up the most Northern parts of this side of America is said to be very plain and level of few trees not many houses nor much stored of people quite destitute of fruits and corn and yielding nothing for mans life but the flesh of beasts which they eat raw and swallow down in great bits without any chewing The men apparelled in Buls-skins from the head to the feet the women though in a cold Country with no other garment then their hair which they wear so long that it serveth them in stead of a vail to hide their nakedness They live in Hoords and companies like the Hoords of the Tartars not having any certain dwellings except some chief men but remove from one place to another like the antient Nomades Neer neighbours unto Tartary from whence not being much distant from it it is supposed that the Inhabitants first came and from hence by degrees peopled all America The Country being full of herbage breeds great store of Cattel differing not much in bigness from those of Europe but that they have an high bunch betwixt their shoulders bristled upon the back like Bores with somwhat which resembleth the name in Horses and the beard in Goats their legs short and clad with fetlocks their horns short but sharp the whole Beast of an aspect so horrid that an Horse will not venture neer them till well acquainted Yet in these Beasts lie all their Riches