they_o be_v tie_v to_o strict_a law_n but_o they_o think_v that_o the_o council_n may_v allow_v some_o mitigation_n iii_o another_o species_n of_o usury_n by_o our_o law_n be_v to_o take_v annualrent_a before_o hand_n that_o be_v to_o say_v before_o the_o term_n of_o payment_n which_o be_v ordinary_o do_v by_o retain_v a_o year_n annualrent_a when_o the_o money_n be_v first_o lend_v and_o this_o be_v determine_v to_o be_v usury_n by_o the_o 222._o act_n parl._n 14._o k._n ja._n 6._o and_o thereafter_o by_o the_o 28._o act._n parl._n 23._o k._n ja._n 6._o by_o which_o last_n it_o be_v likewise_o statute_n that_o whosoever_o shall_v detain_v the_o time_n of_o the_o lend_n or_o shall_v edict_n crave_v or_o receive_v from_o the_o debtor_n annualrent_a at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o lend_n or_o add_v the_o same_o to_o their_o principal_a sum_n or_o whosoever_o shall_v exact_v or_o crave_v annualrent_a shall_v commit_v usury_n and_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v found_v upon_o that_o principal_a of_o the_o civil_a law_n whereby_o puniebantur_fw-la qui_fw-la plus_fw-la petebant_fw-la &_o plus_fw-la tempore_fw-la petere_fw-la dicebatur_fw-la qui_fw-la petebas_fw-la ante_fw-la tempus_fw-la debito_fw-la constitutum_fw-la upon_o these_o last_o word_n of_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n forbid_v the_o exact_v or_o crave_v annualrent_n before_o the_o term_n of_o payment_n there_o be_v a_o dittay_n found_v against_o purdie_n in_o the_o year_n 1666._o for_o take_v ten_o pound_n scot_n as_o the_o annualrent_n of_o fifty_o mark_n upon_o the_o 18._o of_o july_n whereas_o no_o annualrent_n be_v due_a till_o martimas_n that_o year_n against_o which_o dittay_n it_o be_v allege_v 1._o that_o this_o species_n of_o the_o dittay_n be_v mere_o statutory_a and_o so_o be_v not_o to_o be_v extend_v either_o beyond_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o liege_n to_o salve_v which_o it_o be_v infer_v or_o beyond_o the_o express_a word_n of_o the_o act_n but_o so_o it_o be_v that_o it_o be_v only_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o liege_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v force_v to_o pay_v interest_n before_o hand_n but_o that_o they_o may_v voluntary_o pay_v their_o annualrent_n without_o any_o danger_n to_o the_o receiver_n which_o may_v sometime_o be_v for_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o payer_n as_o for_o instance_n if_o a_o person_n who_o be_v liable_a for_o annualrent_n at_o martimas_n may_v be_v for_o his_o own_o advantage_n desirous_a that_o his_o creditor_n may_v receive_v his_o annualrent_n in_o september_n because_o he_o will_v not_o have_v the_o conveniency_n of_o pay_v they_o at_o martimas_n and_o may_v be_v either_o at_o expense_n or_o in_o hazard_n to_o send_v they_o and_o therefore_o see_v the_o receiver_n here_o have_v raise_v no_o charge_n of_o horning_n nor_o use_v no_o other_o diligence_n for_o compel_v the_o debtor_n to_o pay_v the_o annualrent_n his_o voluntar_n offer_v of_o they_o shall_v not_o prejudge_v the_o receiver_n especial_o see_v by_o the_o narrative_a of_o the_o act_n it_o will_v appear_v that_o the_o evit_v of_o oppression_n in_o exact_v money_n before_o the_o term_n be_v that_o against_o which_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n intend_v only_o to_o guard_v 2._o though_o by_o the_o first_o part_n of_o the_o act_n exact_v crave_v or_o receive_v annualrent_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o lend_n be_v express_o forbid_v yet_o when_o the_o crave_v annualrent_n before_o the_o term_n of_o payment_n which_o be_v the_o clause_n found_v upon_o in_o this_o dittay_n the_o act_n speak_v only_o thereof_o crave_v or_o exact_v but_o do_v not_o forbid_v simple_o receive_v 3._o consuetudo_fw-la etiam_fw-la mala_fw-la &_o injusta_fw-la excusat_fw-la usurarium_fw-la à _fw-la pena_fw-la bar._n in_fw-la lege_fw-la siquis_fw-la fugitivus_fw-la ff_n edil_n edict_n socinus_n consilio_fw-la 170._o and_o it_o be_v very_a notour_n that_o in_o this_o caise_n there_o be_v nothing_o more_o ordinar_n then_o for_o honest_a and_o just_a man_n in_o scotland_n to_o take_v annualrent_a before_o the_o term_n from_o willing_a debtor_n either_o to_o supply_v their_o own_o necessity_n or_o to_o gratify_v their_o debtor_n upon_o occasion_n and_o it_o be_v very_o unjust_a that_o the_o panel_n who_o be_v a_o poor_a merchant_n shall_v ensnare_v himself_o in_o apicibus_fw-la juris_fw-la think_v himself_o warrant_v in_o what_o he_o do_v by_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o country_n and_o of_o the_o most_o intelligent_a person_n therein_o 4._o de_fw-fr minimis_fw-la non_fw-la curate_n praetor_n nor_o shall_v severe_a and_o statutory_a punishment_n be_v inflict_v for_o error_n where_o no_o person_n be_v any_o way_n considerable_o prejudge_v and_o in_o which_o it_o can_v be_v presume_v there_o be_v any_o guilt_n see_v the_o advantage_n be_v so_o small_a for_o the_o only_a share_n the_o panel_n reap_v of_o this_o be_v the_o annualrent_a of_o ten_o pound_n from_o july_n to_o martimas_n which_o can_v not_o exceed_v three_o shilling_n scot_n so_o that_o to_o conclude_v a_o honest_a sincere_a merchant_n who_o be_v otherwise_o intigerrimae_fw-la famae_fw-la guilty_a of_o usury_n and_o to_o infer_v confiscation_n of_o all_o his_o movable_n and_o infamy_n which_o be_v the_o punishment_n of_o usury_n be_v against_o all_o sense_n and_o reason_n who_o be_v not_o as_o the_o justice_n tie_v to_o strict_a law_n notwithstanding_o of_o all_o which_o the_o justice_n do_v find_v the_o dittay_v relevant_a as_o found_v upon_o the_o above-written_a clause_n of_o the_o foresay_a act_n but_o the_o ground_n above_o relate_v be_v represent_v to_o the_o council_n they_o rescind_v the_o justice_n interlocutor_fw-la and_o yet_o the_o justice_n do_v again_o condemn_v hugh_n roxburgh_n 28._o of_o november_n 1668._o upon_o the_o same_o act_n and_o like_o dittay_n but_o that_o interlocutor_fw-la be_v likewise_o stop_v by_o the_o council_n iv._o the_o three_o species_n of_o statutory_a usury_n with_o we_o be_v commit_v by_o these_o who_o to_o cheat_v the_o law_n colour_n their_o fraud_n by_o take_v not_o more_o anualrent_a direct_o then_o that_o be_v prescribe_v by_o the_o lew_n but_o take_v wodset_n of_o land_n from_o the_o borrower_n for_o more_o than_o their_o annualrent_n can_v extend_v to_o and_o set_v back-tack_n to_o they_o for_o payment_n of_o what_o be_v agree_v upon_o to_o prevent_v which_o and_o all_o such_o usury_n which_o be_v call_v by_o the_o law_n usura_fw-la velata_fw-la it_o be_v statute_n by_o the_o 247._o act_n parl._n 15._o k._n ja._n 6._o that_o whoever_o receive_v such_o wodset_n or_o enter_v into_o any_o such_o bargain_n for_o which_o more_o be_v take_v either_o in_o money_n or_o by_o any_o other_o transaction_n whereby_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v take_v may_v be_v reduce_v in_o money_n to_o more_o than_o the_o ordinar_n annualrent_n upon_o whatsoever_o colour_n or_o pretext_n shall_v be_v guilty_a of_o usury_n and_o by_o the_o 62._o act_n par._n 1._o k._n ch._n 2._o it_o be_v declare_v that_o for_o the_o future_a it_o shall_v be_v usury_n to_o receive_v proper_a wodset_n of_o land_n and_o other_o exceed_v the_o annualrent_n of_o the_o sum_n and_o bear_v by_o express_a provision_n that_o the_o lender_n shall_v not_o be_v liable_a to_o any_o hazard_n of_o the_o fruit_n tenant_n war_n or_o trouble_v for_o clear_v of_o which_o act_n it_o be_v necessary_a to_o know_v that_o wodset_n with_o we_o be_v either_o proper_a or_o improper_a proper_a be_v these_o wherein_o the_o wodsetter_n run_v all_o hazard_n of_o the_o land_n wodset_v to_o he_o and_o be_v to_o expect_v no_o more_o annualrent_a for_o his_o money_n than_o what_o fruit_n of_o the_o land_n remain_v after_o all_o hazard_n improper_a wodset_n be_v these_o wherein_o the_o wodsetter_n be_v only_o countable_a for_o what_o rent_n he_o receive_v from_o the_o lender_n nor_o be_v he_o liable_a to_o the_o hazard_n of_o bankrupt-tennent_n warrant_v pestilence_n which_o distinction_n found_v upon_o these_o hazard_n be_v very_o agreeable_a to_o reason_n and_o the_o common_a law_n for_o usury_n be_v a_o certain_a gain_n he_o who_o get_v for_o his_o money_n but_o a_o hazard_n of_o gain_n commit_v not_o usury_n for_o that_o be_v emptio_fw-la jactus_fw-la retis_fw-la as_o if_o i_o shall_v lend_v money_n and_o get_v for_o my_o security_n the_o hazard_n of_o what_o rent_n can_v be_v collect_v from_o a_o load_n of_o timber_n come_v from_o norway_n etc._n etc._n and_o upon_o this_o ground_n the_o law_n allow_v fenus_fw-la nauticus_fw-la to_o be_v much_o great_a than_o all_o other_o see_v the_o lender_n run_v the_o risk_a therein_o of_o all_o sea_n hazard_n but_o if_o the_o hazard_n be_v not_o so_o great_a as_o may_v compense_v the_o excess_n of_o the_o annualrent_a take_v beyond_o what_o the_o law_n allow_v eo_fw-la casu_fw-la it_o excuse_v not_o from_o usury_n as_o if_o a_o wodset_n be_v grant_v of_o a_o miln_n or_o salmond_n fish_v if_o the_o say_a rent_n do_v ordinary_o exceed_v the_o annualrent_n by_o any_o considerable_a excess_n
prima_fw-la instantia_fw-la during_o popery_n and_o this_o be_v conform_v to_o the_o opinion_n of_o almost_o all_o the_o doctor_n who_o think_v heresy_n crimen_fw-la mere_a ecclesiasticum_fw-la alcia_n in_o c._n 1._o num_fw-la 37._o the_o offic_n ord_n but_o they_o just_o conclude_v as_o in_o this_o statute_n that_o the_o cognition_n belong_v to_o the_o church_n and_o the_o punishment_n to_o the_o secular_a judge_n and_o this_o canonist_n call_v tradere_fw-la hâ—reticum_fw-la brachio_n seculari_fw-la and_o clarus_n do_v so_o far_a appropiat_fw-la this_o trial_n to_o the_o ecclesiastical_a judge_n that_o he_o allow_v not_o so_o much_o the_o secular_a judge_n as_o the_o power_n of_o mitigate_a the_o punishment_n and_o yet_o now_o the_o justice_n be_v judge_n competent_a in_o prima_fw-la instantia_fw-la to_o such_o as_o hear_v or_o say_v mass_n but_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o such_o be_v in_o general_n condemn_v by_o the_o church_n as_o guilty_a of_o heresy_n and_o yet_o the_o popish_a church_n be_v still_o judge_n to_o the_o protestant_n though_o they_o be_v condemn_v in_o general_a as_o heretic_n for_o the_o heretic_n be_v try_v and_o condemn_v first_o by_o the_o ecclesiastic_a judge_n among_o they_o the_o second_o thing_n remarkable_a in_o this_o act_n be_v that_o among_o ecclesiastic_n the_o bishop_n be_v the_o first_o judge_n in_o heresy_n which_o be_v also_o conform_v to_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o canonist_n clar._n h._n t._n num_fw-la 5._o after_o the_o reformation_n there_o be_v a_o confession_n of_o faith_n make_v and_o be_v set_v down_o by_o king_n james_n in_o his_o first_o parliament_n and_o ratify_v act_n 4._o and_o they_o who_o profess_v not_o the_o true_a religion_n may_v not_o be_v a_o judge_n but_o this_o be_v not_o extend_v to_o heritable_a office_n procurator_n nor_o member_n in_o any_o court_n ja._n 6._o pa._n 1._o c._n 9_o and_o such_o churchman_n as_o will_v not_o subscribe_v that_o confession_n be_v deprive_v ja._n 6._o pa._n 3._o act_n 46._o and_o all_o such_o as_o refuse_v to_o subscribe_v be_v to_o be_v repute_n rebel_n and_o enemy_n to_o the_o king_n and_o his_o government_n act_n 47._o iv._o our_o law_n fear_v the_o pain_n take_v by_o the_o romish_a church_n more_o than_o the_o hazard_n arise_v from_o any_o else_o have_v be_v more_o severe_a to_o these_o than_o to_o other_o and_o therefore_o the_o sayer_n or_o hearer_n of_o mass_n or_o such_o as_o be_v present_a thereat_o be_v punish_v 5._o act_n 1._o p._n i._n 6._o by_o confiscation_n of_o all_o their_o good_n movable_a and_o immovable_a and_o a_o arbitrary_a punishment_n of_o their_o person_n for_o the_o first_o fault_n banishment_n for_o the_o second_o fault_n and_o death_n for_o the_o three_o fault_n it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o such_o as_o hear_v mass_n for_o curiosity_n may_v be_v thus_o punish_v which_o be_v very_o ordinary_a abroad_o and_o it_o seem_v that_o heresy_n must_v be_v a_o act_n upon_o design_n and_o yet_o this_o law_n make_v no_o distinction_n here_o 2._o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o by_o confiscation_n of_o good_n immovable_a be_v mean_v land_n and_o heritage_n for_o they_o be_v call_v bona_fw-la immobilia_fw-la and_o yet_o i_o rather_o incline_v to_o think_v that_o this_o shall_v only_o extend_v to_o heritable_a bond_n and_o such_o like_a but_o not_o to_o land_n for_o heritage_n use_v always_o to_o be_v express_v distinct_o when_o the_o confiscation_n of_o it_o be_v design_v and_o if_o heritage_n be_v forefault_v by_o the_o first_o fault_n the_o punishment_n of_o the_o first_o will_v be_v great_a than_o the_o punishment_n of_o the_o second_o fault_n which_o be_v only_a banishment_n nor_o do_v heritage_n use_v to_o be_v express_v under_o the_o word_n good_n but_o thereafter_o the_o sayer_n of_o mass_n and_o traffic_v papist_n and_o the_o receiver_n of_o they_o against_o the_o king_n majesty_n and_o religion_n present_o profess_v be_v declare_v guilty_a of_o treason_n act_n 120._o pa._n 12._o ja._n 6._o but_o from_o these_o word_n against_o the_o king_n majesty_n and_o religion_n present_o profess_v it_o may_v be_v argue_v that_o only_o such_o jesuit_n and_o other_o as_o traffic_v to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o king_n person_n and_o government_n such_o as_o these_o who_o attempt_v the_o gun-powder-treason_n or_o to_o kill_v the_o king_n or_o raise_v rebellion_n be_v only_o guilty_a of_o treason_n which_o seem_v the_o rather_o because_o it_o be_v hard_a to_o make_v simple_a endeavour_v to_o persuade_v other_o in_o mere_a matter_n of_o religion_n to_o be_v treason_n it_o be_v also_o observable_a from_o this_o act_n that_o such_o jesuit_n or_o traffic_v papist_n or_o receipter_n of_o either_o as_o satisfy_v the_o king_n and_o kirk_n be_v not_o to_o be_v guilty_a of_o treason_n so_o that_o here_o treason_n be_v take_v away_o by_o repentance_n but_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o though_o they_o be_v not_o guilty_a of_o treason_n they_o may_v not_o be_v punish_v as_o heretic_n conform_v to_o the_o abovecited_a 5._o act._n 1._o pa._n ja._n 6._o for_o the_o act_n only_o declare_v that_o the_o penalty_n foresay_a shall_v not_o strike_v against_o they_o and_o though_o as_o i_o observe_v former_o such_o as_o be_v guilty_a of_o heresy_n may_v by_o repentance_n save_o themselves_o from_o the_o punishment_n of_o death_n yet_o be_v they_o still_o declare_v liable_a to_o other_o punishment_n such_o as_o perpetual_a imprisonment_n but_o yet_o since_o our_o law_n appoint_v no_o other_o punishment_n against_o trafficker_n and_o receipter_n of_o jesuit_n but_o what_o be_v express_v here_o and_o that_o the_o punishment_n here_o express_v be_v take_v off_o in_o case_n of_o repentance_n i_o rather_o believe_v that_o no_o punishment_n can_v be_v inflict_v in_o case_n of_o repentance_n against_o these_o and_o it_o be_v very_o reasonable_a that_o mere_a error_n in_o faith_n shall_v be_v pardon_v by_o mere_a repentance_n but_o as_o to_o the_o sayer_n and_o hearer_n of_o mass_n the_o former_a act_n seem_v to_o stand_v the_o seller_n also_o and_o disperser_n of_o erroneous_a and_o popish_a book_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v arbitrary_o by_o the_o rubric_n of_o the_o 25._o act_n 11._o pa._n ja._n 6._o but_o the_o statutory_a word_n run_v only_o against_o the_o home-bringer_n of_o such_o book_n the_o book_n also_o be_v to_o be_v destroy_v and_o warrant_n be_v give_v to_o magistrate_n of_o burgh_n with_o a_o minister_n to_o intromet_n with_o they_o without_o hazard_n of_o spuilzie_a but_o yet_o the_o practica_fw-la other_o officer_n such_o as_o sheriff_n and_o lord_n of_o regality_n do_v intromet_n with_o such_o book_n though_o they_o be_v not_o warrant_v and_o though_o inclusio_fw-la unius_fw-la est_fw-la exclusio_fw-la alterius_fw-la and_o though_o the_o act_n ordain_v a_o minister_n to_o be_v present_a which_o be_v certain_o appoint_v that_o it_o may_v be_v know_v whether_o the_o book_n be_v popish_a yet_o the_o praxi_fw-la magistrate_n use_v to_o intromet_n without_o have_v a_o minister_n present_a i_o find_v no_o express_a punishment_n against_o other_o heretic_n in_o our_o law_n nor_o de_fw-la praxi_fw-la be_v other_o heretic_n punish_v corporal_o but_o whether_o they_o may_v not_o be_v punish_v conform_a to_o the_o common_a law_n and_o upon_o that_o general_a act_n of_o k._n james_n the_o first_o i_o will_v not_o determine_v as_o also_o it_o be_v ordinary_a to_o banish_v only_a jesuit_n and_o sayer_n of_o mass_n as_o be_v do_v december_n 9_o 1573._o mr_n john_n robertson_n be_v banish_v by_o order_n from_o the_o council_n he_o enact_v himself_o under_o the_o pain_n of_o death_n never_o to_o return_v to_o scotland_n v._o the_o common_a law_n or_o doctor_n have_v introduce_v many_o specialty_n in_o the_o trial_n of_o this_o crime_n as_o first_o that_o less_o clear_a probation_n be_v admit_v in_o prove_v heresy_n than_o other_o crime_n clar._n §_o haeresis_fw-la num_fw-la 20._o and_o by_o a_o old_a act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la socii_fw-la criminis_fw-la woman_n and_o pupil_n be_v to_o be_v admit_v with_o we_o to_o prove_v hear_v and_o say_v of_o mass_n else_o that_o crime_n can_v not_o be_v prove_v 2._o a_o heretic_n may_v be_v try_v after_o death_n alber._n in_o rubr_n h._n t._n which_o they_o say_v hold_v not_o only_o in_o a_o heretic_n find_v guilty_a by_o probation_n haereticus_fw-la verus_fw-la but_o in_o these_o who_o be_v cite_v to_o compear_v for_o heresy_n but_o compear_v not_o who_o they_o call_v haereticum_fw-la praesumptum_fw-la but_o this_o hold_v not_o with_o we_o no_o not_o in_o these_o who_o be_v guilty_a of_o treason_n as_o be_v traffique_a jesuit_n or_o papist_n for_o only_a perduellion_n be_v by_o our_o law_n to_o by_o try_v after_o death_n but_o though_o the_o heretic_n can_v be_v punish_v after_o death_n yet_o his_o opinion_n may_v be_v condemn_v as_o heretical_a even_o after_o his_o death_n title_n v._o simony_n baratry_n 1_o what_o be_v simony_n 2_o how_o it_o
by_o imprisonment_n during_o life_n forfeit_v of_o good_n and_o of_o the_o profit_n of_o land_n during_o life_n for_o this_o crime_n the_o earl_n of_o morton_n be_v execute_v by_o king_n james_n 6._o for_o have_v conceal_v the_o design_v death_n of_o king_n henry_n his_o father_n and_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o conceal_v be_v treason_n where_o the_o king_n be_v not_o in_o a_o condition_n to_o repress_v or_o punish_v the_o treason_n that_o be_v intend_v for_o there_o the_o end_n of_o reveal_v seem_v to_o cease_v which_o be_v information_n in_o order_n to_o resistance_n it_o have_v be_v likewise_o doubt_v whether_o the_o not_o reveal_v treason_n be_v punishable_a where_o the_o treason_n be_v design_v by_o the_o prince_n or_o queen_n but_o since_o they_o be_v likewise_o subject_n and_o may_v commit_v treason_n therefore_o there_o can_v be_v no_o doubt_n but_o it_o be_v treason_n in_o any_o other_o to_o conceal_v their_o treasonable_a design_n fourteen_o the_o eleven_o point_n of_o treason_n be_v to_o flee_v from_o his_o majesty_n or_o his_o lieutenant_n which_o be_v not_o extend_v only_o to_o such_o as_o be_v swear_v to_o colour_n but_o even_o to_o such_o as_o be_v warn_v to_o and_o do_v attend_v the_o king_n host_n vid._n tit_n the_o jurisdiction_n over_o soldier_n xv._n the_o twelve_o point_n of_o treason_n be_v to_o deny_v his_o majesty_n have_v the_o only_a power_n of_o call_v and_o dissolve_v of_o parliament_n act_n 3.1_o parl._n ch._n 2._o xvi_o by_o the_o common_a law_n it_o be_v treason_n to_o kill_v any_o of_o the_o prince_n counsellor_n because_o they_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o prince_n own_o body_n l._n quisquis_fw-la c._n h._n t._n but_o with_o we_o the_o pursue_v or_o invade_v any_o of_o the_o session_n secret_a council_n or_o any_o of_o his_o majesty_n officer_n for_o do_v his_o majesty_n service_n be_v only_o punishable_a by_o death_n but_o not_o as_o treason_n act_n 4._o parl._n 16._o ja._n 6._o by_o officer_n here_o be_v mean_v only_a officer_n of_o state_n else_o it_o may_v be_v extend_v to_o messenger_n and_o i_o hear_v it_o resolve_v that_o this_o act_n extend_v not_o to_o such_o as_o invade_v the_o lyon_n and_o these_o word_n any_o of_o the_o session_n be_v not_o extend_v to_o advocat_n clerk_n macer_n or_o any_o else_o beside_o the_o lord_n as_o be_v clear_a by_o the_o narrative_a of_o the_o act._n but_o i_o think_v the_o quality_n adject_v that_o they_o be_v invade_v for_o do_v his_o majesty_n service_n may_v be_v prove_v by_o circumstance_n and_o presumption_n as_o if_o a_o pursuer_fw-mi who_o have_v lose_v a_o cause_n shall_v invade_v the_o next_o day_n a_o lord_n who_o have_v vote_v against_o he_o and_o the_o word_n this_o be_v verify_v and_o try_v import_v so_o much_o but_o the_o stat._n edward_n 3._o be_v much_o more_o clear_a make_v it_o treason_n to_o kill_v the_o officer_n therein_o mention_v only_o viz._n chancellor_n thesaurer_n chief_a justice_n of_o either_o bench_n or_o any_o judge_n of_o either_o bench_n sit_v in_o judgement_n only_o and_o from_o this_o statute_n of_o our_o neighbour_a nation_n we_o may_v argue_v that_o the_o kill_a none_o below_o a_o lord_n of_o session_n shall_v infer_v the_o punishment_n of_o this_o act._n the_o kill_v a_o member_n of_o parliament_n be_v not_o in_o england_n treason_n though_o the_o parliament_n be_v a_o high_a judicatory_a than_o any_o express_v in_o the_o act._n and_o cook_n tell_v we_o that_o they_o allow_v not_o argumentum_fw-la à _fw-la fortiori_fw-la to_o infer_v crime_n and_o with_o we_o the_o kill_a a_o member_n of_o parliament_n will_v not_o infer_v death_n by_o this_o act_n since_o they_o fall_v under_o no_o qualification_n therein_o specify_v in_o england_n kill_v officer_n fall_v only_o under_o the_o statute_n but_o with_o we_o invade_v or_o pursue_v they_o be_v death_n though_o it_o take_v no_o effect_n quaritur_fw-la if_o to_o invade_v they_o when_o they_o be_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n will_v fall_v under_o the_o statute_n since_o they_o be_v not_o under_o that_o character_n elsewhere_o or_o if_o he_o who_o invade_v they_o during_o their_o be_v suspend_v will_v fall_v under_o this_o act_n since_o during_o that_o time_n they_o retain_v the_o character_n and_o the_o exercise_n be_v only_o suspend_v and_o it_o be_v resolve_v by_o the_o doctor_n that_o a_o statute_n punish_v such_o as_o invade_v magistrate_n be_v only_o to_o be_v extend_v to_o such_o magistrate_n as_o be_v once_o admit_v but_o not_o to_o such_o as_o be_v only_o name_v or_o elect_v for_o such_o statute_n be_v extend_v in_o gratiosis_fw-la yet_o they_o be_v restrict_v in_o such_o odious_a point_n as_o their_o cabal_n case_z 148._o treasonable_a word_n vid._n t._n injury_n and_o libel_n xvii_o the_o three_o branch_n of_o the_o division_n be_v statutory_a treason_n which_o comprehend_v under_o it_o several_a other_o point_n of_o treason_n which_o because_o they_o relate_v to_o other_o crime_n therefore_o i_o shall_v also_o refer_v the_o reader_n to_o these_o title_n wherein_o these_o crime_n be_v principal_o treat_v of_o but_o it_o will_v appear_v by_o these_o act_n that_o these_o crime_n be_v not_o declare_v to_o be_v treason_n but_o only_o to_o be_v punishable_a as_o treason_n and_o therefore_o these_o statutory_a treason_n have_v not_o at_o all_o the_o other_o privilege_n competent_a to_o treason_n as_o that_o they_o may_v be_v prove_v by_o woman_n &_o alios_fw-la testes_fw-la inhabiles_fw-la or_o that_o he_o who_o accuse_v in_o these_o will_v commit_v treason_n if_o he_o prove_v not_o his_o accusation_n thus_o wilful_a fire_n raise_v be_v treason_n ja._n 5._o parl._n 3._o cap._n ultimo_fw-la theft_n in_o landed-man_n be_v treason_n ja._n 6._o parl._n 11._o cap._n 50._o vid._n tit_n theft_n murder_n under_o trust_n be_v treason_n ja._n 6._o parl._n 11._o cap._n 51._o vid._n tit_n murder_n sayer_n of_o mass_n jesuit_n traffic_v papist_n and_o their_o resetter_n commit_v treason_n ja._n 6._o parl._n 12._o cap._n 120._o vid._n tit_n heresy_n to_o buy_v or_o bring_v home_o poison_n be_v treason_n ja._n 2._o parl._n 7._o c._n 31._o vid._n poison_n thief_n who_o take_v leill_n man_n upon_o bond_n to_o re-enter_v they_o commit_v treason_n ja._n 6._o parl._n 1._o cap._n 21._o but_o though_o this_o act_n speak_v general_o of_o the_o take_n of_o any_o scottish-man_n yet_o it_o may_v clear_o appear_v by_o the_o narrative_a and_o the_o whole_a strain_n of_o the_o act_n that_o the_o same_o strike_v only_o against_o such_o thief_n as_o keep_v correspondence_n with_o the_o english_a and_o take_v scottish-man_n prisoner_n into_o england_n but_o custom_n have_v interpret_v this_o otherwise_o for_o duncan_n macgrigor_n be_v 15._o july_n 1643._o convict_v and_o hang_v as_o a_o traitor_n for_o art_n and_o part_n of_o take_v james_n anderson_n and_o john_n mackie_n and_o the_o take_n of_o captain_n cairn_n find_v relevant_a as_o a_o article_n of_o treason_n against_o assint_fw-la to_o usurp_v any_o prelate_n place_n after_o his_o decease_n be_v likewise_o treason_n ja._n 5._o parl._n 7._o cap._n 125._o xviii_o this_o crime_n have_v in_o it_o many_o specialty_n wherein_o it_o differ_v from_o other_o crime_n as_o first_o he_o who_o accuse_v any_o man_n for_o treason_n do_v incur_v the_o pain_n of_o treason_n if_o the_o defender_n be_v acquit_v which_o be_v occasion_v as_o the_o act_n bear_v because_o of_o the_o odiousness_n of_o treason_n but_o since_o the_o the_o act_n say_v express_o that_o this_o shall_v take_v place_n where_o the_o party_n calumniat_fw-la be_v call_v accuse_v and_o quit_v of_o the_o crime_n of_o treason_n therefore_o it_o may_v be_v infer_v that_o though_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi raise_v summons_n of_o treason_n and_o shall_v pass_v from_o the_o same_o before_o the_o panel_n go_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n that_o eo_fw-la casu_fw-la though_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi might_n be_v punish_v poena_fw-la extraordinaria_fw-la yet_o he_o can_v not_o be_v punish_v as_o a_o traitor_n it_o may_v be_v likewise_o doubt_v if_o this_o hold_v in_o statutory_a treason_n as_o theft_n in_o land_a man_n etc._n etc._n and_o since_o the_o reason_n inductive_a of_o that_o act_n be_v the_o odiousness_n of_o treason_n it_o will_v appear_v that_o this_o rigid_a law_n shall_v not_o take_v place_n in_o these_o point_n of_o treason_n which_o be_v not_o so_o odious_a of_o their_o own_o nature_n another_o speciality_n in_o treason_n be_v that_o it_o can_v only_o be_v try_v by_o the_o justice_n reg._n maj._n lib._n 1._o e._n 1._o v._n 1._o and_o that_o because_o of_o the_o king_n immediate_a interest_n since_o it_o be_v not_o presumable_a that_o the_o fiscal_n in_o inferior_a court_n will_v be_v as_o careful_a as_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n who_o can_v appear_v there_o and_o because_o of_o the_o intricacy_n and_o great_a consequence_n of_o that_o crime_n but_o it_o may_v be_v
punishable_a 9_o malefice_n where_o there_o be_v no_o conection_n betwixt_o the_o cause_n and_o the_o effect_n 10._o the_o use_v magic_a art_n for_o good_a end_n how_o punishable_a 11._o consult_v with_o witch_n how_o punish_v 12._o what_o the_o be_v defame_v by_o the_o witch_n import_v 13._o a_o witch_n confession_n not_o punishable_a except_o the_o thing_n confess_v be_v possible_a &_o de_fw-fr succubis_fw-la &_o incubis_fw-la 14._o whether_o the_o transportation_n confess_v be_v real_a and_o though_o real_a whether_o punishable_a 15._o whether_o a_o witch_n can_v cause_v any_o person_n be_v possess_v 16._o whether_o penetration_n be_v possible_a 17._o whether_o transformation_n be_v possible_a 18._o whether_o he_o can_v make_v bruit_n to_o speak_v or_o raise_v storm_n 19_o whether_o witch_n may_v transfer_v disease_n and_o whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o seek_v their_o help_n for_o this_o 20._o whether_o witch_n may_v kill_v by_o their_o look_n 21._o whether_o they_o can_v procure_v love_n by_o their_o potion_n 22._o how_o they_o torment_v man_n by_o their_o image_n 23._o whether_o confession_n before_o kirk_n session_n be_v relevant_a 24._o who_o can_v be_v witness_n in_o this_o crime_n 25._o the_o punishment_n of_o this_o crime_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o we_o 26._o the_o punishment_n of_o it_o by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n that_o there_o be_v witch_n divine_n can_v doubt_v since_o the_o word_n of_o god_n have_v ordain_v that_o no_o witch_n shall_v live_v nor_o lawyer_n in_o scotland_n see_v our_o law_n ordain_v it_o to_o be_v punish_v with_o death_n and_o though_o many_o lawyer_n in_o holland_n and_o elsewhere_o do_v think_v that_o albeit_o there_o be_v witch_n under_o the_o law_n yet_o there_o be_v none_o under_o the_o gospel_n the_o devil_n power_n have_v cease_v as_o to_o these_o as_o well_o as_o in_o his_o give_a response_n by_o oracle_n i._o wierus_n that_o great_a patron_n of_o witchcraft_n endeavour_n to_o maintain_v his_o opinion_n by_o these_o argument_n 1._o that_o such_o as_o be_v accuse_v of_o witchcraft_n be_v ordinary_o silly_a old_a woman_n who_o age_n and_o sex_n dispose_v they_o to_o melancholy_a and_o who_o melancholy_a dispose_v they_o to_o a_o madness_n which_o shall_v render_v their_o confession_n very_o suspect_v and_o in_o this_o crime_n there_o be_v seldom_o other_o prove_v whereas_o the_o thing_n confess_v be_v so_o horrid_a that_o it_o can_v be_v imagine_v any_o reasonable_a creature_n will_v commit_v they_o 2._o god_n can_v only_o work_v the_o miracle_n ascribe_v to_o witch_n he_o who_o be_v the_o author_n of_o nature_n be_v only_o able_a to_o alter_v or_o divert_v its_o course_n and_o the_o devil_n do_v but_o delude_v the_o fancy_n of_o poor_a creature_n as_o fever_n and_o melancholy_a misrepresent_v object_n nor_o be_v such_o as_o be_v cheat_v in_o the_o one_o more_o guilty_a than_o they_o who_o be_v sick_a of_o the_o other_o and_o it_o be_v severe_a to_o burn_v man_n and_o woman_n for_o do_v that_o which_o be_v conclude_v impossible_a to_o be_v do_v by_o they_o 3._o it_o be_v unjust_a to_o punish_v they_o for_o do_v ill_o by_o charm_n except_o it_o can_v be_v first_o prove_v that_o these_o charm_n produce_v the_o effect_n that_o be_v punishable_a and_o lawyer_n shall_v argue_v thus_o those_o who_o kill_v or_o hurt_v man_n or_o beast_n by_o unlawful_a mean_n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n but_o so_o it_o be_v that_o witch_n and_o charmer_n kill_v man_n and_o beast_n by_o unlawful_a mean_n and_o therefore_o charmer_n ought_v to_o be_v punish_v by_o death_n off_o which_o syllogism_n wierus_n deny_v the_o minor_a for_o it_o can_v never_o be_v prove_v that_o verse_n cross_n or_o lay_v flesh_n in_o the_o threshold_n etc._n etc._n can_v destroy_v man_n or_o beast_n these_o be_v cause_n very_o disproportionable_a to_o such_o effect_n there_o be_v no_o contract_n betwixt_o the_o agent_n and_o patient_n in_o these_o case_n 4._o these_o who_o execute_v the_o will_n of_o god_n be_v not_o punishable_a for_o that_o be_v their_o duty_n and_o so_o can_v be_v their_o crime_n but_o so_o it_o be_v that_o whatever_o the_o devil_n or_o witch_n do_v be_v decree_v by_o god_n either_o for_o trial_n or_o punishment_n express_o and_o without_o his_o permission_n nothing_o can_v be_v do_v and_o if_o the_o devil_n be_v not_o act_v here_o by_o obedience_n or_o be_v at_o liberty_n he_o will_v not_o leave_v any_o one_o man_n undestroy_v or_o any_o of_o god_n work_v undefaced_a but_o that_o there_o be_v witch_n and_o that_o they_o be_v punishable_a capital_o not_o only_a when_o they_o poison_v or_o murder_n but_o even_o for_o enchant_v and_o delude_v the_o world_n be_v clear_a by_o a_o express_a text_n exod._n 22._o vers._n 18._o thou_o shall_v not_o suffer_v a_o witch_n to_o live_v and_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o the_o same_o word_n which_o express_v a_o witch_n here_o be_v that_o which_o be_v use_v in_o exod._n 7._o to_o express_v those_o magician_n who_o delude_v only_o the_o people_n by_o transform_v a_o rod_n into_o a_o serpent_n as_o moses_n have_v do_v though_o no_o person_n be_v prejudge_v by_o their_o cheat_n and_o illusion_n likeas_n leu._n 29._o and_o 27._o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o a_o man_n or_o a_o woman_n that_o have_v a_o familiar_a spirit_n or_o that_o be_v a_o wizard_n shall_v sure_o be_v put_v to_o death_n they_o shall_v stone_n they_o with_o stone_n their_o blood_n shall_v be_v upon_o they_o which_o law_n be_v in_o such_o observation_n among_o the_o jew_n that_o the_o witch_n of_o endor_n 1_o sam._n 28._o be_v afraid_a to_o use_v her_o sorcery_n before_o the_o king_n because_o the_o king_n have_v cut_v off_o those_o who_o have_v familiar_a spirit_n and_o wizard_n out_o of_o the_o land_n and_o so_o great_a indignation_n do_v the_o eternal_a god_n bear_v to_o this_o sin_n that_o he_o do_v destroy_v the_o ten_o tribe_n of_o israel_n because_o they_o be_v addict_v to_o it_o not_o be_v the_o jew_n only_a enemy_n to_o this_o vice_n but_o even_o the_o henthen_n follow_v the_o dictate_v of_o nature_n punish_v witch_n as_o enemy_n to_o the_o author_n of_o it_o for_o the_o persian_n dash_v their_o head_n against_o stone_n as_o mince_v observe_v ad_fw-la §_o item_n lex_fw-la cornelia_n inst_n de_fw-fr pub_fw-la jud_v and_o tacitus_n lib._n 2._o annal._n tell_v we_o that_o publius_n marcius_n and_o pituanus_fw-la be_v execute_v for_o this_o crime_n for_o which_o likewise_o valerius_n maximus_n lib._n 6._o eap_n 3._o tell_v we_o that_o publicia_n and_o lucinia_n be_v with_o threescore_o and_o ten_o other_o roman_n hang_v but_o since_o it_o be_v express_o condemn_v in_o scripture_n and_o by_o many_o general_a council_n such_o as_o aurelian_a toledan_a and_o anaciritan_n it_o shall_v not_o be_v lawful_a for_o we_o to_o debate_v what_o the_o law_n have_v express_o condemn_v by_o the_o same_o reason_n that_o we_o shall_v deny_v witch_n we_o must_v deny_v the_o truth_n of_o all_o history_n ecclesiastic_a and_o secular_a and_o plutarch_n lib._n 5._o sumps_n cap._n 7._o observe_n quodammodo_fw-la philosophiam_fw-la tollunt_fw-la qui_fw-la rebus_fw-la mirabilibus_fw-la fidem_fw-la non_fw-la habent_fw-la opportet_fw-la autem_fw-la qua_fw-la ratione_fw-la aliquid_fw-la fiat_fw-la ratione_fw-la tractare_fw-la quod_fw-la vero_fw-la id_fw-la fiat_fw-la ex_fw-la ratione_fw-la est_fw-la sumendum_fw-la it_o be_v sure_a that_o the_o devil_n have_v the_o power_n and_o will_v to_o prejudge_v man_n can_v but_o be_v ready_a to_o execute_v all_o that_o be_v in_o witchcraft_n and_o it_o be_v as_o credible_a that_o god_n will_v suffer_v man_n to_o be_v convince_v by_o this_o mean_n that_o there_o be_v spirit_n and_o that_o by_o their_o mean_n he_o will_v give_v continue_v proof_n of_o his_o power_n in_o repress_v the_o devil_n and_o of_o the_o necessity_n that_o silly_a man_n have_v of_o depend_v upon_o his_o infinite_a power_n to_o the_o former_a argument_n it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o as_o to_o the_o first_o all_o sin_n and_o vice_n be_v the_o effect_n of_o delusion_n nor_o be_v witch_n more_o delude_v by_o melancholy_a than_o murderer_n be_v by_o rage_n or_o revenge_n and_o though_o it_o have_v never_o be_v see_v that_o person_n natural_o mad_a have_v be_v either_o guilty_a of_o or_o punish_v for_o this_o crime_n the_o devil_n design_v in_o this_o crime_n to_o gain_v only_o such_o as_o can_v damn_v themselves_o by_o give_v a_o free_a consent_n yet_o if_o madness_n can_v be_v prove_v or_o do_v appear_v it_o will_v certain_o defend_v both_o against_o the_o guilt_n and_o punishment_n and_o therefore_o such_o a_o series_n of_o clear_a circumstance_n shall_v concur_v before_o a_o person_n be_v find_v guilty_a of_o this_o crime_n as_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o secure_v the_o panel_n and_o satisfy_v the_o judge_n full_o in_o the_o quaerie_n but_o since_o daily_a experience_n convince_v the_o world_n that_o there_o
law_n by_o which_o non_fw-la licebat_fw-la ducere_fw-la eam_fw-la in_o vxorem_fw-la quam_fw-la quis_fw-la polluit_fw-la adulterio_fw-la but_o it_o must_v be_v observe_v that_o this_o only_o hold_v where_o there_o be_v a_o actual_a divorce_n upon_o the_o adultery_n prior_n to_o the_o marriage_n and_o therefore_o a_o present_a marriage_n can_v not_o be_v dissolve_v by_o offer_v to_o prove_v that_o the_o contracter_n have_v commit_v adultery_n during_o their_o former_a marriage_n this_o act_n of_o parliament_n have_v declare_v such_o marriage_n unlawful_a it_o do_v very_o consequential_o declare_v the_o succession_n to_o be_v beget_v by_o such_o unlawful_a conjunction_n to_o be_v unhabile_fw-la to_o succeed_v as_o heir_n to_o these_o parent_n and_o i_o have_v hear_v it_o it_o doubt_v whether_o they_o be_v capable_a to_o receive_v disposition_n from_o their_o adulterous_a parent_n but_o i_o conceive_v as_o to_o this_o there_o be_v no_o difficulty_n for_o though_o the_o law_n make_v they_o uncapable_a to_o succeed_v as_o heir_n yet_o it_o do_v not_o make_v they_o uncapable_a to_o receive_v a_o disposition_n and_o though_o it_o may_v seem_v that_o this_o be_v a_o far_a check_n upon_o the_o adulterer_n who_o child_n can_v no_o way_n be_v gratify_v by_o those_o with_o who_o they_o commit_v the_o crime_n yet_o since_o quilibet_fw-la est_fw-la arbyter_n rei_fw-la suae_fw-la it_o be_v hard_a to_o deprive_v a_o man_n of_o the_o use_n of_o his_o property_n because_o he_o have_v commit_v adultery_n i_o find_v that_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n such_o bastard_n as_o be_v bear_v in_o adultery_n or_o incest_n who_o in_o the_o civil_a law_n call_v nati_fw-la ex_fw-la damnato_fw-la coitu_fw-la can_v neither_o succeed_v to_o their_o vicious_a parent_n nor_o be_v they_o capable_a of_o any_o thing_n by_o their_o parent_n testament_n cum_fw-la ita_fw-la facilius_fw-la paterna_fw-la libido_fw-la coercere_fw-la possess_v censeatur_fw-la l._n fin._n c._n the_o nat_n lib._n bald._n ad_fw-la l._n 1._o c._n de_fw-fr jur_fw-fr aur._n nor_o can_v they_o be_v adopt_v by_o their_o parent_n l._n legem_fw-la c._n de_fw-fr na_fw-fr lib._n upon_o which_o principle_n our_o parliament_n have_v be_v induce_v to_o make_v the_o 117._o act._n par._n 12._o i._o 6._o but_o have_v streatched_a it_o a_o little_a further_o than_o the_o civil_a law_n do_v for_o by_o that_o statute_n a_o woman_n divorce_v for_o her_o adultery_n marry_v thereafter_o the_o person_n with_o who_o she_o commit_v the_o adultery_n for_o which_o she_o be_v divorce_v or_o dwell_v and_o resort_v in_o company_n with_o he_o at_o bed_n and_o buird_v can_v dispone_v her_o land_n or_o set_v tack_n thereof_o in_o prejudice_n of_o the_o heir_n who_o will_v otherways_o have_v succeed_v to_o she_o from_o which_o statute_n it_o be_v observable_a that_o since_o the_o woman_n be_v only_o incapacitat_fw-la to_o dispone_fw-la in_o this_o case_n that_o therefore_o a_o man_n though_o divorce_v for_o adultery_n may_v lawful_o dispone_v his_o land_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o child_n procreate_v in_o that_o adultery_n this_o prohibition_n be_v restrict_v to_o the_o woman_n because_o of_o the_o imbecility_n of_o her_o sex_n who_o may_v be_v tempt_v or_o seduce_v more_o easy_o than_o man_n can_v be_v and_o yet_o since_o the_o presumption_n do_v only_o run_v against_o the_o adulterous_a child_n procreate_v in_o the_o second_o marriage_n who_o it_o be_v probable_a the_o mother_n will_v have_v prefer_v to_o the_o child_n of_o the_o first_o and_o slight_v husband_n it_o seem_v strange_a why_o any_o deed_n do_v by_o she_o in_o prejudice_n of_o not_o only_o those_o child_n but_o even_o of_o any_o of_o her_o heir_n will_v be_v null_a though_o do_v in_o favour_n of_o neither_o the_o adulterous_a husband_n nor_o his_o child_n but_o even_o in_o favour_n of_o mere_a stranger_n who_o the_o law_n need_v not_o have_v suspect_v but_o this_o be_v certain_o do_v to_o prevent_v the_o mother_n fraudulent_a convyance_n who_o may_v have_v transmit_v the_o estate_n to_o the_o adulterous_a husband_n or_o his_o posterity_n or_o friend_n under_o borrow_a name_n the_o discover_v of_o such_o contryvance_n be_v very_o difficult_a and_o the_o hazard_n of_o not_o discover_v being_n very_o great_a i_o conceive_v likeways_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n that_o the_o grant_n of_o a_o personal_a bond_n upon_o which_o the_o estate_n be_v thereafter_o comprise_v from_o the_o mother_n may_v be_v quarrel_v upon_o this_o statute_n for_o else_o the_o law_n may_v be_v easy_o cheat_v and_o the_o statute_n itself_o declare_v all_o deed_n do_v to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o say_n heir_n direct_o or_o indirect_o to_o be_v null_a and_o yet_o since_o the_o mother_n remain_v still_o fire_n notwhithstand_v of_o this_o prohibition_n i_o see_v not_o why_o a_o bond_n and_o comprise_v lead_v thereon_o for_o debt_n true_o owe_v by_o the_o mother_n can_v be_v quarrel_v where_o nothing_o be_v fraudulent_o design_v against_o this_o act_n and_o though_o this_o act_n be_v only_o conceive_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o prior_n marriage_n or_o the_o woman_n heir_n whatsoever_o yet_o i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o this_o act_n will_v not_o militat_fw-la in_o favour_n of_o the_o king_n to_o reduce_v deed_n do_v to_o his_o prejudice_n as_o vltimus_fw-la haeres_fw-la since_o a_o last_o heir_n in_o the_o construction_n of_o law_n be_v a_o true_a heir_n title_n xviii_o bigamy_n 1_o what_o be_v bigamy_n by_o our_o law_n and_o how_o punish_v 2_o why_o bigamy_n be_v not_o punish_v as_o adultery_n 3_o whether_o quaker_n may_v be_v punish_v for_o bigamy_n 4_o whether_o long_a absence_n may_v excuse_v in_o this_o crime_n 5_o whether_o the_o marriage_n sine_fw-la concubitu_fw-la infer_v bigamy_n 6_o whether_o a_o woman_n divorce_v for_o adultery_n marry_v again_o be_v guilty_a of_o bigamy_n that_o a_o man_n may_v marry_v two_o wife_n be_v allow_v by_o many_o nation_n and_o tacitus_n observe_v that_o only_o the_o german_n among_o all_o the_o nation_n be_v content_a with_o one_o but_o no_o nation_n allow_v that_o a_o wife_n shall_v marry_v two_o husband_n which_o be_v do_v either_o because_o man_n be_v the_o only_a legislator_n and_o so_o be_v kind_a to_o themselves_o in_o allow_v themselves_o that_o liberty_n they_o deny_v to_o poor_a woman_n or_o else_o this_o be_v not_o allow_v because_o a_o woman_n marry_v two_o man_n prejudge_v the_o people_n the_o commonwealth_n whereas_o a_o man_n marry_v more_o wife_n be_v advantageous_a for_o it_o and_o the_o law_n say_v that_o more_o chastity_n be_v require_v in_o woman_n then_o in_o man_n and_o man_n be_v by_o nature_n hot_a than_o they_o bigamy_n be_v therefore_o more_o unnatural_a in_o woman_n i._o yet_o in_o our_o law_n either_o a_o man_n marry_v two_o wife_n or_o a_o woman_n marry_v two_o husband_n commit_v bigamy_n and_o this_o be_v account_v by_o the_o 19_o act_n 5._o par._n q._n marry_o a_o breach_n of_o the_o oath_n make_v at_o marriage_n and_o therefore_o be_v punishable_a as_o perjury_n by_o confiscation_n of_o all_o their_o movable_n ward_n of_o their_o person_n for_o year_n and_o day_n and_o long_o during_o the_o queen_n will_n and_o as_o infamous_a person_n never_o to_o bruik_v office_n honour_n dignity_n or_o benefice_n in_o time_n come_v ii_o it_o may_v be_v here_o doubt_v why_o bigamy_n be_v not_o punish_v as_o adultery_n see_v it_o may_v be_v notour_n adultery_n and_o be_v ordinary_o so_o to_o which_o difficulty_n i_o think_v the_o answer_n be_v that_o it_o be_v controvert_v among_o lawyer_n whether_o bigamy_n be_v punishable_a as_o adultery_n or_o as_o stuprum_fw-la or_o fornicatio_fw-la that_o it_o be_v not_o adultery_n they_o contend_v because_o god_n allow_v bigamy_n but_o he_o never_o allow_v adultery_n 2._o many_o nation_n allow_v bigamy_n who_o condemn_v adultery_n and_o l._n 2._o c._n the_o incest_n nupt_n where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o vemini_fw-la licet_fw-la dvas_fw-la vxores_fw-la ducere_fw-la the_o punishment_n of_o adultery_n be_v not_o subjoin_v but_o it_o be_v only_o say_v that_o praefes_fw-la provinciae_fw-la hoc_fw-la inultum_fw-la non_fw-la patietur_fw-la and_o it_o may_v be_v add_v that_o their_o marry_n show_v some_o more_o respect_n to_o the_o law_n then_o adultery_n &_o obfiguram_fw-la matrimonii_fw-la multa_fw-la non_fw-la adeo_fw-la puniuntur_fw-la 3._o when_o bigamy_n be_v by_o this_o act_n declare_v punishable_a only_o as_o perjury_n and_o not_o by_o death_n even_o incorrigible_a and_o manifest_a adulteres_fw-la be_v only_o punishable_a by_o confiscation_n of_o their_o movable_n be_v clear_a as_o by_o the_o subsequent_a act_n and_o the_o act_n against_o notour_n adulterer_n to_o be_v punish_v by_o death_n be_v not_o make_v till_o the_o 9_o the_o parl._n q._n marry_o i_o know_v that_o menoch_n de_fw-fr arb_n case_z 420._o think_v that_o bigamy_n shall_v be_v punish_v as_o adultery_n and_o i_o do_v think_v that_o if_o the_o marriage_n be_v contract_v upon_o design_n
be_v take_v from_o another_o but_o likeways_o the_o use_v a_o thing_n depositat_fw-la or_o impignorat_a to_o other_o end_n and_o use_n than_o be_v agree_v upon_o therefore_o theft_n may_v be_v describe_v to_o be_v a_o fraudulent_a away-taking_a or_o use_v what_o belong_v to_o another_o man_n without_o the_o owner_n consent_n ii_o theft_n be_v only_o commit_v in_o movable_n and_o thence_o it_o be_v that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n the_o steal_a writ_n which_o concern_v land_n or_o lead_v from_o a_o house_n or_o fruit_n with_o the_o tree_n whereon_o they_o grow_v be_v not_o punishable_a as_o theft_n see_v these_o thing_n belong_v to_o heretage_n nor_o be_v the_o take_v away_o dog_n bird_n or_o such_o thing_n as_o serve_v for_o pleasure_n account_v theft_n see_v it_o be_v not_o commit_v oblucrum_fw-la bolton_n cap._n 20._o and_o theft_n be_v never_o commit_v without_o fraud_n and_o albeit_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n the_o keep_n of_o a_o thing_n lend_v long_o than_o the_o time_n allow_v or_o employ_v it_o for_o another_o use_n then_o that_o which_o it_o be_v first_o lend_v be_v theft_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n just_a de_fw-fr furt_n autem_fw-la yet_o in_o our_o law_n it_o be_v not_o l._n 3._o reg._n maj._n cap._n 9_o num_fw-la 5._o and_o the_o reason_n there_o give_v be_v because_o the_o intromission_n and_o possession_n there_o flow_v original_o from_o the_o master_n and_o albeit_o it_o be_v a_o rule_n in_o the_o civil_a law_n that_o initium_fw-la unius_fw-la cujusque_fw-la actionis_fw-la semper_fw-la est_fw-la attendendum_fw-la yet_o the_o former_a reason_n be_v not_o valid_a because_o when_o a_o master_n give_v money_n to_o his_o own_o servant_n if_o he_o employ_v it_o to_o any_o other_o use_n then_o be_v appoint_v by_o his_o master_n as_o if_o he_o shall_v drink_v that_o which_o be_v give_v he_o to_o pay_v his_o master_n merchand_n or_o if_o he_o shall_v sell_v his_o master_n horse_n with_o which_o he_o be_v send_v to_o a_o friend_n these_o misimployment_n will_v certain_o infer_v punishment_n though_o the_o possession_n flow_v original_o from_o the_o master_n and_o i_o think_v that_o theft_n in_o the_o case_n of_o a_o misemployed_a lend_v and_o the_o other_o case_n above_o express_v be_v more_o heinous_a than_o ordinary_a theft_n see_v it_o be_v agradge_v by_o the_o breach_n of_o trust_n or_o friendship_n and_o it_o can_v likewise_o be_v less_o guard_v against_o for_o which_o two_o reason_n domestic_a theft_n be_v still_o more_o heinous_o punish_v then_o ordinary_a theft_n and_o servant_n commit_v theft_n in_o the_o case_n aforesaid_a be_v hang_v in_o these_o country_n where_o ordinar_n theft_n be_v not_o capital_a but_o i_o believe_v the_o reason_n of_o our_o law_n above_o cite_v be_v because_o we_o think_v that_o this_o furtum_fw-la interpretativum_fw-la deserve_v not_o to_o be_v account_v such_o with_o we_o where_o death_n be_v the_o punishment_n of_o theft_n whereas_o because_o in_o the_o roman_a law_n theft_n be_v less_o severe_o punish_v it_o be_v therefore_o allowable_a that_o it_o may_v be_v more_o extend_v and_o so_o i_o think_v that_o our_o law_n be_v more_o just_a than_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o even_o according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n it_o be_v unjust_a that_o the_o person_n to_o who_o the_o thing_n be_v lend_v shall_v be_v guilty_a of_o theft_n for_o use_v it_o long_o than_o be_v prescribe_v by_o the_o lender_n except_o the_o lender_n have_v express_o require_v it_o for_o else_o by_o not_o require_v it_o it_o seem_v that_o he_o have_v tacit_o consent_v to_o the_o far_a use_n sicut_fw-la intaâ—itare_fw-la locatione_fw-la and_o yet_o it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o there_o be_v a_o difference_n betwixt_o locatum_fw-la &_o commodatum_fw-la as_o to_o this_o see_v locatio_fw-la contrahitur_fw-la utriusque_fw-la gratia_fw-la &_o locantis_fw-la &_o conductoris_fw-la whereas_o comodatum_fw-la respicit_fw-la tantum_fw-la comodum_fw-la comodatarii_fw-la and_o so_o he_o shall_v religious_o observe_v the_o condition_n prescribe_v by_o the_o lender_n but_o yet_o i_o be_o clear_a that_o if_o a_o person_n shall_v borrow_v any_o thing_n at_o first_o for_o a_o other_o use_n than_o what_o he_o pretend_v that_o eo_fw-la casu_fw-la he_o be_v punishable_a and_o i_o remember_v to_o have_v read_v of_o a_o banker_n of_o paris_n who_o be_v flay_v and_o then_o quarter_v for_o have_v borrow_v vast_a sum_n upon_o design_n to_o break_v with_o it_o which_o instance_n i_o have_v set_v down_o for_o the_o merchant_n of_o our_o time_n and_o see_v the_o lender_n be_v as_o much_o wrong_v and_o the_o seeker_n of_o the_o loan_n show_v as_o great_a fraud_n by_o this_o pretence_n as_o in_o other_o theft_n i_o see_v not_o why_o the_o punishment_n shall_v not_o be_v the_o same_o i_o find_v it_o observe_v by_o bolton_n cap._n 31._o that_o though_o in_o glanvels_n time_n who_o be_v repute_n to_o be_v author_n of_o regiam_fw-la maj._n à _fw-la furto_fw-la omni_fw-la modo_fw-la excusabatur_fw-la qui_fw-la initium_fw-la habuerit_fw-la suae_fw-la detentionis_fw-la per_fw-la dominum_fw-la illius_fw-la rei_fw-la yet_o it_o be_v not_o so_o now_o for_o if_o a_o carrier_n take_v out_o a_o parcel_n of_o the_o thing_n deliver_v to_o he_o and_o fall_v it_o he_o be_v guilty_a of_o theft_n but_o it_o be_v not_o theft_n in_o the_o carrier_n to_o give_v away_o or_o embezle_n the_o whole_a as_o he_o receive_v they_o because_o it_o be_v deliver_v he_o in_o the_o same_o kind_n stomf_n 25._o but_o this_o last_o part_n seem_v absurd_a for_o the_o offender_n design_n equal_o to_o offend_v and_o the_o propriator_n be_v equal_o injure_v in_o both_o case_n it_o be_v doubt_v by_o lawyer_n whether_o theft_n can_v be_v commit_v by_o one_o of_o these_o who_o be_v in_o a_o society_n or_o who_o have_v right_a to_o a_o commontie_z of_o these_o thing_n which_o be_v the_o subject_a matter_n of_o the_o commontie_z it_o be_v answer_v that_o it_o can_v if_o fraud_n be_v prove_v in_o either_o of_o these_o case_n l._n si_fw-la socius_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr furto_fw-la and_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o the_o use_v that_o which_o be_v common_a or_o that_o as_o in_o which_o the_o society_n be_v constitute_v otherways_o then_o according_a to_o the_o rule_n be_v in_o effect_n to_o employ_v for_o on_o his_o own_o use_n what_o belong_v to_o another_o which_o be_v theft_n and_o who_o doubt_n if_o one_o of_o these_o who_o be_v in_o a_o society_n as_o in_o beer_n brew_v will_v steal_v away_o in_o the_o night_n considerable_a quantity_n of_o beer_n out_o of_o the_o society_n but_o he_o may_v be_v punish_v for_o theft_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d l._n 46._o basil._n h._n t._n iii_o according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o burden-sack_n or_o ibur_n anaseca_v no_o man_n can_v be_v accuse_v for_o theâ—t_n for_o as_o much_o meat_n as_o he_o can_v carry_v on_o his_o back_n r._n m._n l._n 4._o cap._n 19_o but_o i_o think_v this_o shall_v be_v restrict_v by_o these_o two_o limitation_n 1._o if_o the_o say_a theft_n be_v commit_v to_o satisfy_v his_o necessity_n l._n verum_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr furtis_fw-la which_o be_v the_o meaning_n of_o that_o expression_n necessity_n have_v no_o law_n and_o 2._o if_o he_o can_v not_o entertain_v himself_o another_o way_n and_o whereas_o skeen_n observe_v upon_o the_o word_n burden-sack_n the_o thief_n shall_v in_o this_o case_n pay_v a_o cow_n or_o sheep_n to_o he_o in_o who_o land_n he_o be_v take_v i_o think_v that_o also_o unreasonable_a see_v that_o presuppose_n that_o the_o thief_n be_v not_o in_o that_o absolute_a necessity_n which_o shall_v get_v he_o this_o privilege_n and_o whereas_o he_o observe_v that_o he_o shall_v be_v scourge_v i_o thâ—nk_v â—t_a most_o unreasonable_a because_o his_o necessity_n make_v it_o in_o effect_n to_o be_v no_o theft_n and_o it_o be_v contrair_a likewise_o to_o the_o foresay_a 16._o cap._n l._n 4._o reg._n maj._n that_o no_o court_n shall_v be_v hold_v upon_o burden-sack_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n likewise_o fraudantes_fw-la filcum_fw-la or_o gabellum_fw-la the_o stealer_n of_o custom_n be_v punishable_a as_o thief_n far._n quest_n 173._o but_o of_o this_o i_o shall_v treat_v hereafter_o iv._o by_o the_o civil_a law_n it_o be_v account_v no_o theft_n to_o intromet_n with_o or_o abstract_a thing_n that_o belong_v to_o a_o succession_n to_o which_o none_o have_v enter_v because_o before_o the_o enter_n of_o a_o heir_n these_o thing_n can_v be_v call_v no_o man_n l._n hereditary_a ff_n de_fw-fr furto_fw-la and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n the_o take_v away_o ring_n and_o other_o good_n from_o off_o a_o dead_a person_n out_o of_o a_o grave_a be_v not_o count_v theft_n by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n as_o it_o be_v find_v in_o notinghames_n case_n anno_fw-la 1617._o where_o this_o be_v only_o find_v a_o misdemeanour_n and_o the_o defender_n whip_v but_o this_o hold_v not_o now_o in_o our_o practic_n which_o
stouthreif_n with_o we_o and_o roboria_n by_o the_o doctor_n than_o it_o deserve_v to_o be_v capital_o punish_v but_o of_o this_o afterward_o theft_n be_v likewise_o aggrage_v from_o the_o time_n as_o steal_v in_o the_o night_n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n if_o the_o thief_n defend_v himself_o and_o be_v arm_v l._n furem_fw-la ff_n ad_fw-la l._n corn._n the_o sicar_n but_o with_o we_o general_o a_o thief_n break_v house_n in_o the_o night_n may_v be_v kill_v by_o the_o person_n invade_v act_n 22._o ch._n 2_o p._n 1._o loss_n 1._o which_o may_v be_v extend_v also_o to_o such_o thief_n as_o be_v prepare_v to_o break_v the_o house_n of_o who_o have_v do_v it_o already_o and_o to_o steal_v any_o thing_n in_o the_o time_n a_o house_n be_v burn_a or_o when_o a_o ship_n be_v wrack_v or_o in_o time_n of_o tumult_n or_o general_a desolation_n be_v high_o punishable_a by_o the_o civil_a law_n either_o paena_fw-la fustium_fw-la cum_fw-la relegatione_fw-la vel_fw-la in_o metallum_fw-la and_o with_o we_o i_o think_v such_o thief_n shall_v die_v for_o both_o they_o add_v affliction_n to_o the_o afflict_a and_o so_o show_v very_o much_o malice_n as_o also_o the_o commit_a theft_n be_v then_o very_a easy_a and_o to_o these_o case_n i_o may_v add_v theft_n commit_v in_o time_n of_o pestilence_n fourteen_o as_o theft_n be_v aggrage_v by_o these_o so_o it_o be_v extenuat_fw-la by_o other_o circumstance_n as_o 1._o in_o case_n of_o necessity_n as_o say_v be_v 2._o a_o wife_n steal_v from_o her_o own_o husband_n be_v not_o so_o severe_o to_o be_v punish_v as_o in_o other_o case_n for_o in_o effect_n she_o have_v some_o interest_n and_o therefore_o by_o the_o common_a law_n this_o be_v not_o pursuable_a as_o theft_n sed_fw-la actione_n renum_fw-la amotarum_fw-la l._n qui_fw-la servo_fw-la §_o item_n placuit_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr furt_n but_o with_o we_o the_o king_n advocate_n may_v pursue_v either_o wife_n or_o husband_n steal_v from_o one_o another_o though_o the_o party_n can_v for_o it_o be_v to_o be_v presume_v that_o there_o be_v too_o much_o malice_n in_o such_o pursuite_n and_o that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi design_n in_o that_o case_n rather_o to_o be_v free_a from_o the_o marriage_n then_o to_o have_v the_o crime_n punish_v 3._o he_o who_o steal_v from_o his_o debtor_n who_o will_v not_o pay_v he_o or_o steal_v what_o be_v rob_v from_o he_o be_v punishable_a but_o not_o by_o death_n clar._n num_fw-la 20._o the_o furt_n 4._o he_o who_o steal_v a_o thing_n of_o small_a value_n de_fw-fr minimis_fw-la non_fw-la curate_n lex_fw-la of_o which_o former_o 5._o if_o the_o party_n from_o who_o the_o thing_n be_v steal_v declare_v that_o it_o be_v not_o away-taken_a without_o his_o consent_n some_o lawyer_n think_v the_o crime_n be_v thereby_o purge_v which_o opinion_n other_o allow_v not_o except_o it_o be_v also_o prove_v that_o there_o be_v presumption_n of_o a_o prior_n consent_n as_o the_o stealer_n good_a fame_n his_o friendship_n to_o the_o party_n accuse_v the_o relation_n by_o affinity_n or_o consanguinity_n etc._n etc._n but_o with_o we_o if_o the_o informer_n swear_v not_o the_o libel_n and_o depon_n that_o the_o thing_n be_v steal_v for_o aught_o he_o know_v the_o libel_n will_v not_o be_v sustain_v 6._o if_o the_o taker_n have_v probable_a reason_n to_o presume_v the_o thing_n take_v by_o he_o to_o be_v his_o own_o than_o he_o be_v excuse_v from_o criminal_a punishment_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d ad_fw-la civilem_fw-la questionem_fw-la transmittitur_fw-la l._n 1._o §_o ult_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d xv._n there_o be_v with_o we_o other_o statutory_a theft_n which_o be_v not_o so_o of_o their_o own_o nature_n but_o be_v to_o be_v punish_v as_o such_o as_o the_o break_n of_o milnes_n etc._n etc._n act._n 82._o p._n 11._o i._o 6_o a_o salt_a or_o coalyer_n also_o leave_v his_o master_n without_o a_o sufficient_a testimonial_a or_o at_o least_o a_o sufficient_a reason_n give_v for_o his_o removal_n and_o attest_v by_o the_o bailie_n or_o magistrate_n of_o the_o place_n be_v to_o be_v repute_n and_o punish_v as_o thief_n act._n 11._o p._n 18._o i._o 6._o but_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o such_o only_a as_o receive_v fee_n and_o wage_n from_o other_o be_v only_o punishable_a as_o such_o but_o not_o otherways_o and_o real_o it_o be_v unreasonable_a that_o a_o poor_a coalyer_n or_o salter_n may_v not_o leave_v that_o trade_n either_o to_o take_v another_o trade_n or_o for_o sickness_n or_o any_o other_o cause_n and_o that_o act_n seem_v only_o to_o hinder_v their_o go_n from_o one_o master_n to_o another_o stealer_n of_o pyk_n out_o of_o stank_n breaker_n of_o dovecoat_n orchard_n or_o yard_n stealer_n and_o destroyer_n of_o hive_n be_v punishable_a as_o thief_n and_o this_o be_v ordain_v to_o be_v a_o point_n of_o dittay_n and_o the_o unlaw_n to_o be_v ten_o pound_n and_o mend_n to_o the_o party_n conform_v to_o the_o skaith_n act._n 69._o p._n 6._o i._o 4._o but_o by_o the_o 33._o act._n 2._o p._n i._n 1._o steal_v of_o green_a wood_n by_o night_n or_o peiler_n of_o bark_n of_o tree_n shall_v pay_v forty_o shilling_n to_o the_o king_n and_o assyth_v the_o party_n act._n 33.2_o p.i._n 1_o but_o thereafter_o by_o the_o 12_o act._n 4._o p._n i._n 5._o the_o break_n of_o dovecoat_n coney-gairs_a park_n or_o stank_n i._n e._n pond_n be_v declare_v to_o be_v punish_v as_o theft_n but_o see_v that_o appoint_v not_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v theft_n it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o it_o shall_v be_v repute_n as_o theft_n as_o to_o the_o other_o disadvantage_n i_o find_v that_o upon_o the_o 25._o of_o july_n 1623._o two_o fellow_n call_v raith_n and_o deane_n be_v ordain_v to_o be_v hang_v for_o break_v of_o yard_n steal_v of_o bee-skeps_a and_o steal_v of_o sybow_n by_o the_o 84._o act_n 6._o p.i._n 6._o the_o destroyer_n of_o plant_v haining-broom_n policy_n be_v for_o the_o first_o appoint_v to_o pay_v to_o the_o owner_n the_o avail_n and_o ten_o pound_n for_o the_o second_o the_o avail_n and_o twenty_o pound_n for_o the_o three_o the_o avail_n and_o forty_o pound_n and_o if_o they_o be_v not_o responsal_n to_o be_v put_v in_o prison_n and_o in_o the_o iron_n for_o eight_o day_n for_o the_o second_o fifteen_o day_n for_o the_o three_o a_o month_n and_o to_o be_v scourge_v at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o month_n by_o which_o act_n likewise_o the_o breaker_n of_o dovecoat_n conyingairs_n and_o park_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v the_o same_o way_n if_o they_o be_v not_o responsal_n they_o be_v to_o hang_v for_o the_o three_o fault_n it_o be_v observable_a that_o though_o these_o person_n abovenamed_a be_v hang_v for_o break_v of_o yard_n yet_o there_o be_v no_o warrant_n therefore_o by_o that_o act_n though_o there_o be_v for_o break_v of_o dovecoat_n and_o park_n and_o so_o we_o may_v perceive_v that_o the_o former_a act_n be_v not_o abrogate_a by_o this_o act_n and_o this_o act_n declare_v that_o the_o punishment_n here_o prescribe_v shall_v be_v without_o prejudice_n to_o call_v the_o defender_n at_o justice_n court_n and_o all_o the_o innovation_n introduce_v by_o this_o act_n be_v that_o the_o offender_n may_v be_v try_v in_o their_o case_n by_o the_o baron_n or_o landlord_n within_o who_o land_n the_o wrong_n be_v commit_v if_o the_o offender_n be_v take_v reid_v hand_n whereas_o landlord_n be_v not_o judge_n competent_a and_o by_o the_o sheriff_n if_o they_o be_v not_o take_v reid_v hand_n 2._o there_o be_v allow_v by_o this_o act_n a_o power_n to_o landlord_n to_o judge_n in_o the_o case_n of_o wrong_n do_v to_o their_o own_o tenant_n which_o regulariter_fw-la be_v not_o lawful_a it_o be_v likewise_o observable_a that_o this_o and_o the_o 12_o act_n i._n 5._o p._n 4._o add_v still_o without_o the_o goodwill_n of_o the_o owner_n so_o that_o i_o think_v that_o albeit_o the_o owner_n declaration_n be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o absolve_v the_o thief_n in_o other_o case_n yet_o i_o think_v it_o be_v in_o this_o case_n and_o that_o for_o these_o two_o reason_n because_o this_o statutory_a theft_n be_v only_o introduce_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o owner_n and_o this_o clause_n have_v else_o be_v uncnecessar_n 2._o it_o be_v presumable_a that_o the_o owner_n will_v not_o refuse_v his_o consent_n to_o kill_v a_o deer_n or_o coney_n and_o this_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o the_o word_n invito_fw-la domino_fw-la in_o the_o definition_n of_o theft_n be_v not_o absolute_o â—â—â—ecessary_a as_o many_o lawyer_n carp_o observe_v and_o that_o in_o some_o case_n the_o consent_n of_o the_o owner_n may_v defend_v the_o party_n 8._o it_o may_v be_v observe_v from_o this_o act_n that_o theft_n shall_v be_v prove_v by_o confession_n or_o witness_n and_o though_o other_o crime_n may_v be_v prove_v by_o presumption_n yet_o this_o
than_o the_o receiver_n of_o the_o wodset_n commit_v usury_n notwithstanding_o of_o the_o hazard_n and_o this_o bring_v to_o my_o memory_n a_o case_n debate_v upon_o the_o 22._o of_o january_n 1672._o wherein_o a_o gentleman_n be_v pursue_v as_o a_o usurer_n in_o so_o far_o as_o he_o have_v take_v his_o debtor_n obliedge_v to_o pay_v he_o a_o boll_n for_o the_o annualrent_a of_o every_o hundred_o mark_v which_o according_a to_o the_o feir_n of_o the_o year_n do_v for_o the_o two_o year_n of_o his_o wodset_n extend_v to_o five_o pound_v the_o boll_n and_o so_o exceed_v the_o annualrent_a by_o twenty_o shilling_n every_o boll_n yet_o this_o be_v find_v no_o usury_n because_o he_o in_o that_o case_n take_v his_o hazard_n of_o the_o feir_n of_o the_o year_n which_o may_v have_v be_v much_o low_a and_o because_o that_o the_o price_n of_o victual_n vary_v much_o according_a to_o the_o several_a shire_n and_o year_n and_o lest_o the_o people_n shall_v be_v at_o a_o uncertainty_n in_o criminal_a case_n which_o be_v dangerous_a therefore_o by_o the_o 122._o act_n ja._n 6._o par._n 14._o it_o be_v appoint_v that_o no_o man_n shall_v take_v more_o profit_n then_o according_a to_o ten_o pound_n for_o the_o hundred_o pound_n or_o five_o bolls_n of_o victual_n which_o the_o annualrent_a be_v then_o at_o ten_o of_o the_o hundred_o and_o now_o at_o six_o do_v allow_v according_a to_o that_o probation_n two_o bolls_n for_o the_o hundred_o mark_n whereas_o there_o be_v but_o only_o one_o boll_n take_v here_o for_o the_o annualrent_a for_o the_o hundred_o mark_v nor_o be_v this_o act_n abrogat_fw-la by_o the_o act_n 247._o par._n 15._o because_o though_o that_o be_v posterior_n yet_o it_o do_v not_o express_o abrogat_fw-la this_o act_n nor_o ought_v it_o to_o have_v be_v abrogat_fw-la for_o avoid_v of_o uncertainty_n as_o say_v be_v and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n the_o undertake_n of_o hazard_n hinder_v the_o take_n of_o advantageous_a tack_n to_o infer_v usury_n as_o be_v decide_v september_n 1668._o wherein_o robert_n lawder_n be_v pursue_v as_o a_o usurer_n because_o he_o have_v take_v a_o tack_n of_o two_o butt_n of_o land_n and_o a_o dovecoat_n for_o four_o year_n which_o pay_v fifty_o mark_n yearly_a communibus_fw-la annis_fw-la and_o that_o for_o satisfaction_n of_o the_o annuulrent_n of_o a_o hundred_o mark_n which_o tack_v do_v bear_v this_o clause_n that_o if_o the_o first_o year_n robert_n be_v pay_v he_o shall_v defalck_n so_o much_o of_o the_o annualrent_a proportional_o notwithstanding_o of_o which_o clause_n he_o refuse_v to_o count_n it_o be_v allege_v for_o the_o defender_n that_o the_o tacks-man_n have_v run_v a_o hazard_n because_o he_o may_v have_v be_v disappoint_v of_o all_o duty_n quo_fw-la casu_fw-la he_o will_v have_v get_v no_o relief_n to_o which_o it_o be_v duply_v that_o the_o same_o hazard_n be_v in_o wodset_n and_o yet_o the_o take_v a_o wodset_n for_o more_o than_o the_o ordinary_a annualrent_n make_v the_o wodsetter_n incur_v the_o crime_n of_o usury_n nor_o can_v this_o hazard_n defend_v because_o it_o be_v not_o great_a and_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o hazard_n in_o it_o not_o can_v the_o danger_n be_v here_o object_v see_v after_o expire_a of_o the_o year_n the_o receiver_n offer_v to_o count_n with_o the_o lender_n and_o to_o allow_v he_o both_o principal_a sum_n and_o annualrent_n to_o which_o it_o be_v triply_v that_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n discharge_v usurary_n wodset_n do_v not_o discharge_v tack_n and_o there_o be_v a_o great_a difference_n as_o to_o usury_n betwixt_o tack_n and_o wodset_n for_o wodsetter_n have_v the_o liberty_n to_o require_v their_o money_n from_o the_o debtor_n so_o that_o they_o lose_v not_o the_o sum_n though_o they_o lose_v their_o rent_n but_o tacksman_n lose_v all_o if_o their_o tack_n duty_n be_v not_o pay_v and_o as_o to_o their_o offer_n of_o count_v that_o be_v only_o competent_a after_o the_o first_o year_n it_o can_v not_o be_v object_v thereafter_o and_o the_o danger_n be_v pass_v before_o the_o offer_n the_o four_o degree_n of_o usury_n with_o we_o be_v to_o take_v bud_v or_o bribe_v for_o the_o loan_n of_o money_n or_o for_o continue_v it_o when_o it_o be_v lend_v whereupon_o many_o debate_n do_v arise_v the_o cause_n why_o the_o debtor_n give_v a_o gratuity_n to_o his_o creditor_n be_v oft_o actus_fw-la animi_fw-la be_v hard_o to_o be_v prove_v but_o general_o it_o be_v sustain_v that_o a_o proceed_n treaty_n must_v be_v prove_v or_o else_o it_o must_v be_v prove_v that_o the_o receiver_n be_v manifestus_fw-la that_o be_v a_o ordinar_n usurer_n for_o else_o to_o receive_v a_o gratuity_n be_v no_o crime_n and_o it_o be_v against_o reason_n that_o by_o lend_v money_n to_o my_o friend_n i_o shall_v become_v uncapable_a of_o a_o donation_n from_o he_o v._o the_o common_a law_n also_o sustain_v it_o to_o be_v usury_n if_o a_o man_n wodset_v his_o land_n and_o in_o the_o wodset_n provide_v that_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v lawful_a to_o redeem_v betwixt_o and_o a_o definit_a time_n for_o in_o that_o case_n it_o presume_v that_o the_o wodset_n grant_a adject_n this_o because_o of_o some_o know_a advantage_n and_o this_o be_v to_o take_v more_o advantage_n for_o money_n then_o the_o annualrent_a molm._n de_fw-fr censu_fw-la but_o this_o the_o lord_n will_v not_o sustain_v to_o be_v usury_n nor_o do_v they_o find_v it_o a_o unlawful_a paction_n in_o the_o action_n betwixt_o sir_n john_n drummond_n and_o achtertyr_n and_o in_o effect_n these_o paction_n be_v allow_v by_o act_n 62._o p._n 1._o k._n c._n 1._o s._n 1._o by_o the_o civil_a law_n it_o be_v usury_n to_o take_v annualrent_a for_o annualrent_a at_o least_o it_o be_v declare_v unlawful_a l._n ult_n c._n de_fw-fr usur_fw-fr and_o i_o conceive_v that_o to_o swell_v up_o annualrent_n thus_o beyond_o what_o the_o law_n allow_v will_v infer_v usury_n with_o we_o for_o else_o the_o law_n may_v be_v thus_o cheat_v but_o though_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n it_o be_v unlawful_a and_o usury_n to_o accumulat_fw-la annualrent_n with_o the_o principal_a sum_n and_o to_o make_v both_o bear_v annualrent_a which_o be_v call_v anatocismus_fw-la and_o be_v discharge_v l._n 28._o c._n de_fw-fr usur_fw-fr yet_o with_o we_o such_o paction_n be_v most_o lawful_a for_o since_o if_o the_o annual_n have_v be_v pay_v they_o have_v bear_v annual_n why_o may_v they_o not_o be_v lend_v out_o to_o the_o debtor_n as_o well_o as_o to_o other_o vi_o the_o probation_n of_o usury_n be_v either_o by_o writ_n witness_n or_o oath_n as_o to_o write_v it_o may_v be_v doubt_v how_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi may_v recover_v it_o for_o instruct_v his_o libel_n the_o writ_n be_v ordinary_o in_o the_o usurer_n own_o hand_n and_o nemo_fw-la tenetur_fw-la edere_fw-la instrumenta_fw-la contra_fw-la se._n and_o yet_o i_o find_v lawyer_n very_o clear_a that_o hoc_fw-la casu_fw-la tenetur_fw-la edere_fw-la contra_fw-la se_fw-la bartol_n &_o doctores_fw-la ad_fw-la l._n praetor_n §_o be_v etiam_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr edendo_fw-la arelat_n de_fw-fr heretic_n notabil_n 21._o and_o see_v with_o we_o usurer_n be_v obliedge_v to_o swear_v against_o the_o common_a criminal_a rule_n because_o of_o the_o obscurity_n of_o the_o crime_n why_o shall_v they_o not_o be_v oblige_v to_o produce_v their_o writ_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n and_o as_o to_o the_o former_a maxim_n that_o nemo_fw-la tenetur_fw-la edere_fw-la etc._n etc._n it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o it_o hold_v not_o in_o criminalibus_fw-la for_o we_o see_v that_o in_o improbation_n the_o pursuer_fw-mi will_v force_v the_o defender_n upon_o a_o alledgeance_n of_o falsehood_n to_o produce_v all_o his_o writ_n and_o why_o not_o in_o usury_n yet_o i_o know_v that_o it_o be_v ordinary_o advise_v in_o such_o case_n to_o raise_v a_o exhibition_n as_o to_o the_o probation_n by_o witness_n it_o be_v doubt_v if_o the_o debtor_n who_o lend_v the_o money_n may_v be_v receive_v as_o witness_v see_v he_o be_v socius_fw-la criminis_fw-la it_o be_v unlawful_a to_o take_v as_o well_o as_o to_o give_v upon_o usury_n but_o with_o we_o these_o be_v receive_v as_o hissleside_n in_o somervel_n case_n 18._o jan._n 1667._o but_o thereafter_o the_o justice_n declare_v that_o they_o will_v not_o sustain_v the_o debtor_n to_o be_v a_o witness_n 11._o november_n 1667._o his_o majesty_n advocate_n contra_fw-la wilson_n and_o that_o because_o by_o the_o 7._o act_n p._n 16._o k._n i._n 6._o it_o be_v appoint_v that_o usury_n shall_v be_v prove_v by_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o party_n receiver_n of_o the_o unlawful_a annualrent_n and_o witness_n insert_v without_o receive_v the_o oath_n of_o the_o giver_n of_o the_o unlawful_a annualrent_n for_o evit_v perjury_n nor_o will_v the_o justice_n sustain_v as_o a_o reply_n that_o the_o giver_n of_o the_o unlawful_a annualrent_a in_o this_o case_n have_v pay_v the_o
as_o their_o especial_o since_o it_o can_v be_v commit_v only_o by_o such_o as_o be_v trust_v aggrage_v their_o guilt_n by_o their_o unfaithfulness_n this_o crime_n be_v call_v by_o the_o latin_n partus_fw-la suppositus_fw-la and_o by_o the_o basilick_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d title_n xxviii_o stellionatus_fw-la 1._o the_o several_a kind_n of_o stellionat_a by_o the_o civil_a law_n 2._o what_o it_o be_v and_o how_o punishable_a by_o our_o law_n the_o heart_n of_o man_n be_v deceitful_a above_o all_o thing_n and_o such_o as_o have_v be_v conversant_a in_o business_n and_o court_n of_o justice_n have_v find_v that_o cheat_n do_v among_o man_n multiply_v and_o vary_v themselves_o into_o so_o many_o form_n that_o legislator_n be_v force_v to_o invent_v this_o general_a name_n of_o stellionat_a under_o which_o they_o may_v range_v all_o cheat_n and_o thence_o spring_v that_o maxim_n l._n 3._o ff_n hoc_fw-la do_fw-mi ubicunque_fw-la titulus_fw-la criminis_fw-la deficit_fw-la illic_fw-la stellionatum_fw-la objiciemus_fw-la which_o must_v be_v interpret_v and_o restrict_v in_o its_o generality_n by_o the_o precede_a word_n stellionatum_fw-la objici_fw-la posse_fw-la his_fw-la qui_fw-la dolo_fw-la quid_fw-la fecerunt_fw-la so_o that_o to_o infer_v this_o crime_n it_o be_v requisite_a that_o there_o be_v a_o cheat_n or_o fraud_n use_v and_o that_o the_o cheat_n want_v a_o other_o name_n for_o there_o be_v fraud_n which_o can_v be_v comprehend_v under_o this_o title_n as_o falsify_v wait_n counterfeit_v seal_n the_o ordinary_a species_n of_o stellionat_a in_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v to_o sell_v or_o impignoraâ—_n or_o to_o give_v for_o payment_n fraudulent_o of_o our_o debt_n these_o thing_n which_o belong_v to_o other_o and_o to_o corrupt_v or_o change_v merchandise_n which_o we_o former_o sell_v to_o exact_v likewise_o debt_n which_o be_v former_o pay_v and_o know_v to_o be_v pay_v be_v stellionat_a l._n 29._o ff_n mandati_fw-la but_o the_o crave_n of_o it_o be_v most_o criminal_a if_o recept_n of_o what_o be_v crave_v follow_v not_o upon_o it_o bartol_n ibid._n and_o so_o far_o be_v receive_v criminal_a that_o the_o receive_a payment_n of_o a_o debt_n former_o pay_v be_v stellionar_n though_o simple_a crave_v without_o receive_v will_v not_o infer_v it_o but_o it_o be_v most_o observable_a that_o fraud_n be_v still_o requisite_a to_o the_o construction_n of_o this_o crime_n and_o its_o essence_n ii_o by_o our_o law_n we_o have_v no_o express_a statute_n against_o stellionat_a except_o only_o act_v 140._o p._n 20._o i._o 6._o which_o bear_v that_o no_o duty_n shall_v be_v dispone_v to_o two_o sundry_a person_n which_o be_v crimen_fw-la stellionatus_fw-la of_o the_o law_n from_o which_o act_n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o our_o law_n presuppose_v the_o civil_a law_n to_o be_v our_o law_n as_o to_o that_o crime_n for_o it_o do_v not_o determine_v what_o be_v to_o be_v account_v stellionat_a or_o appoint_v a_o particular_a punishment_n for_o stellionat_a but_o only_o clear_v declaratorly_a that_o the_o dispon_a duty_n or_o rent_n of_o land_n to_o several_a person_n shall_v be_v account_v stellionatus_fw-la and_o therefore_o what_o ever_o be_v punish_v as_o stellionat_a by_o the_o civil_a law_n may_v be_v punish_v as_o such_o by_o we_o not_o only_a à _fw-la pari_fw-la or_o by_o extension_n but_o by_o approbation_n the_o roman_a law_n have_v by_o the_o allowance_n of_o that_o act_n become_v we_o and_o therefore_o the_o make_n of_o double_a assignation_n or_o disposition_n of_o land_n or_o of_o any_o thing_n else_o beside_o rent_n mention_v express_o in_o that_o act_n be_v punish_v as_o stellionat_a in_o our_o practic_n which_o be_v warrant_v likewise_o by_o the_o 105._o act_n p._n 7._o i._o 5._o by_o which_o act_n though_o stellionat_a be_v not_o mention_v yet_o it_o be_v thereby_o punish_v for_o it_o be_v there_o declare_v that_o whosoever_o make_v double_a disposition_n of_o land_n he_o shall_v be_v call_v at_o the_o king_n instance_n and_o punish_v at_o the_o king_n will_n but_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v why_o double_a alienation_n shall_v be_v punish_v as_o stellionat_a see_v qui_fw-la rem_fw-la unam_fw-la duobus_fw-la vendit_fw-la falsi_fw-la est_fw-la reus_fw-la l._n qui_fw-la duobus_fw-la ff_n ad_fw-la l._n corn._n de_fw-fr falso_fw-la in_o answer_n to_o which_o i_o conceive_v we_o must_v distinguish_v betwixt_o these_o who_o whilst_o they_o be_v sell_v be_v desire_v to_o clear_a if_o the_o thing_n offer_v to_o be_v sell_v have_v be_v former_o sell_v or_o not_o say_v that_o it_o be_v not_o in_o which_o case_n he_o be_v guilty_a of_o a_o manifest_a lie_n and_o so_o of_o falsehood_n but_o if_o he_o only_o sell_v one_o thing_n twice_o without_o deny_v that_o it_o be_v former_o sell_v or_o be_v not_o his_o own_o than_o he_o be_v only_o guilty_a of_o stellionat_a see_v though_o there_o be_v a_o cheat_n in_o this_o case_n yet_o there_o be_v no_o lie_n a_o instance_n whereof_o fall_v out_o into_o my_o own_o experience_n for_o there_o be_v two_o writer_n to_o the_o signet_n of_o one_o name_n and_o money_n be_v direct_v to_o one_o of_o the_o two_o the_o bearer_n deliver_v it_o to_o the_o other_o as_o due_a by_o his_o master_n to_o he_o which_o case_n be_v think_v by_o those_o who_o consult_v it_o to_o be_v stellionat_a see_v though_o the_o receiver_n have_v not_o say_v to_o the_o bearer_n that_o his_o master_n be_v his_o debtor_n yet_o he_o shall_v not_o have_v receive_v the_o money_n for_o he_o be_v obliedge_v to_o know_v that_o the_o same_o be_v not_o due_a to_o he_o and_o yet_o according_a to_o farinacius_n opinion_n who_o think_v that_o dolus_fw-la in_o committendo_fw-la tantum_fw-la insert_v stellionatum_fw-la sed_fw-la non_fw-la dolus_fw-la in_o ommittendo_fw-la it_o may_v be_v debate_v that_o this_o case_n be_v not_o stellionat_a see_v the_o receiver_n of_o the_o money_n be_v only_o guilty_a of_o omission_n in_o not_o clear_v the_o bearer_n mistake_v but_o i_o differ_v in_o this_o from_o farinacius_n for_o see_v dolus_fw-la in_o ommittendo_fw-la may_v be_v a_o great_a cheat_n in_o itself_o and_o that_o the_o party_n wrong_v be_v as_o much_o lese_v thereby_o i_o know_v no_o reason_n why_o the_o one_o may_v not_o infer_v stellionat_a as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o and_o albeit_o dolus_fw-la in_o ommittendo_fw-la be_v not_o stellionat_a yet_o this_o case_n be_v see_v the_o recept_n of_o money_n send_v to_o another_o be_v more_o than_o omission_n by_o that_o act_n james_n 5._o it_o be_v likewise_o declare_v that_o superior_n receive_v double_a resignation_n shall_v be_v punish_v as_o these_o who_o grant_v double_a disposition_n and_o certain_o that_o part_n of_o the_o act_n be_v most_o just_a see_v if_o the_o superior_a be_v conscious_a to_o the_o design_n of_o make_v these_o double_a resignation_n he_o can_v but_o be_v art_n and_o part_n of_o the_o cheat_n of_o make_v the_o double_a disposition_n whereupon_o the_o resignation_n flow_v and_o so_o shall_v be_v equal_o punish_v and_o in_o effect_n a_o superior_a grant_v new_a infestment_n upon_o divers_a resignation_n to_o divers_a person_n do_v grant_v double_a right_n for_o to_o grant_v a_o new_a right_n upon_o the_o old_a vassal_n resignation_n be_v to_o dispon_n and_o see_v the_o buyer_n be_v prejudge_v more_o by_o these_o resignation_n then_o by_o these_o disposition_n upon_o which_o they_o slow_v that_o be_v a_o more_o complete_a act_n then_o the_o other_o it_o be_v unreasonable_a that_o the_o superior_a shall_v not_o be_v punish_v as_o well_o as_o the_o seller_n and_o yet_o because_o it_o be_v not_o presume_v that_o any_o will_v cheat_v where_o there_o be_v no_o gain_n and_o that_o the_o superior_a in_o receive_v resignation_n in_o favorem_fw-la gain_v little_a therefore_o this_o part_n of_o the_o act_n be_v now_o in_o desuctude_n i_o find_v likewise_o that_o other_o species_n of_o stellionat_a be_v punish_v by_o our_o law_n as_o in_o anno_fw-la 1634._o james_n clerk_n be_v pursue_v because_o a_o sword_n be_v send_v by_o cuthbertson_n to_o mowbray_n a_o sword-slipper_n clerk_n do_v say_v to_o the_o bearer_n that_o he_o be_v mowbray_n and_o so_o take_v the_o sword_n which_o libel_v the_o justice_n will_v not_o sustain_v to_o infer_v falsehood_n but_o tanquam_fw-la crimen_fw-la in_o svo_fw-la genere_fw-la and_o yet_o l._n 13._o ff_n ad_fw-la l._n cor._n de_fw-fr falso_fw-la assumptio_fw-la falsi_fw-la cognominis_fw-la est_fw-la crimen_fw-la falsi_fw-la the_o punishment_n then_o of_o this_o crime_n can_v not_o be_v certain_a and_o determinat_fw-la see_v the_o crime_n be_v various_a in_o its_o own_o nature_n but_o it_o be_v arbitrary_a and_o punishable_a at_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o judge_n according_a to_o the_o circumstance_n and_o measure_n of_o the_o fraud_n commit_v and_o it_o be_v call_v stellionat_a from_o a_o serpent_n call_v stellio_n which_o be_v beautify_v by_o starry_a spot_n stellatis_fw-la guttis_fw-la distinctum_fw-la and_o be_v the_o
act_n except_o he_o first_o acknowledge_v that_o the_o wrong_n here_o commit_v be_v a_o crime_n for_o the_o act_n run_v only_o in_o such_o case_n as_o may_v be_v civil_o or_o criminal_o pursue_v iv._o it_o be_v observable_a that_o albeit_o this_o act_n relate_v to_o the_o common_a law_n yet_o they_o differ_v in_o many_o point_n as_o 1._o the_o person_n of_o labourer_n can_v not_o be_v apprehend_v by_o that_o law_n but_o by_o we_o they_o may_v 2._o by_o that_o law_n no_o distinction_n be_v make_v whether_o there_o be_v other_o poindable_a good_n or_o not_o but_o by_o we_o these_o particular_n may_v be_v poind_v or_o land_n may_v be_v apprize_v and_o therefore_o such_o as_o raise_v criminal_a letter_n upon_o this_o act_n shall_v libel_v that_o such_o good_n be_v poind_v in_o labour_a time_n and_o that_o the_o owner_n or_o debtor_n have_v other_o good_n and_o land_n against_o which_o the_o creditor_n can_v have_v have_v execution_n albeit_o i_o think_v he_o be_v not_o obliedge_v to_o prove_v this_o but_o that_o this_o be_v ex_fw-la eorum_fw-la numero_fw-la quae_fw-la allegari_fw-la sed_fw-la non_fw-la probari_fw-la debent_fw-la yet_o if_o the_o messenger_n execution_n be_v produce_v bear_v that_o he_o search_v and_o can_v find_v no_o other_o movable_n i_o think_v that_o eo_fw-la casu_fw-la the_o messenger_n execution_n shall_v make_v faith_n except_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi offer_v instant_o to_o condescend_v upon_o these_o other_o movable_n that_o be_v extant_a and_o be_v ready_a to_o prove_v the_o same_o i_o find_v that_o if_o the_o messenger_n execution_n bear_v in_o a_o apprize_n that_o he_o search_v but_o can_v find_v no_o movable_n they_o be_v so_o far_o believe_v that_o no_o contrary_a probation_n will_v be_v receive_v for_o else_o all_o comprizng_n may_v be_v reduce_v yet_o i_o think_v that_o the_o case_n be_v not_o alike_o here_o for_o the_o act_n be_v so_o express_v it_o shall_v be_v sufficient_a to_o defend_v against_o a_o crime_n though_o not_o to_o reduce_v a_o real_a diligence_n that_o other_o movable_n be_v extant_a under_o the_o prohibition_n of_o this_o act_n be_v comprehend_v not_o only_o the_o good_n that_o be_v in_o the_o plough_n but_o these_o horse_n which_o lead_v foggage_n for_o without_o these_o land_n can_v be_v labour_v and_o so_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o law_n extend_v to_o they_o likea_n the_o act_n of_o parliament_n express_v separat_o and_o distinct_o good_n pertain_v to_o the_o plough_n and_o that_o labour_v the_o ground_n nor_o be_v these_o word_n that_o labour_v the_o ground_n exegetick_a only_o by_o these_o word_n in_o time_n of_o labour_v be_v mean_v not_o only_a when_o the_o beast_n be_v actual_o labour_v but_o the_o season_n of_o labour_v and_o that_o from_o the_o time_n of_o striek_v to_o upseed_n time_n and_o therefore_o good_n that_o have_v once_o till_v though_o in_o october_n seem_v not_o poindable_a for_o then_o labour_a be_v as_o necessary_a as_o in_o the_o spring_n and_o yet_o the_o contrary_n be_v find_v the_o 15._o of_o november_n 1627._o and_o the_o 22._o of_o november_n 1628._o because_o as_o be_v there_o allege_a by_o durie_n october_n be_v not_o the_o season_n of_o labour_v it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o horse_n lead_v foggage_n in_o june_n and_o july_n can_v be_v poind_v for_o that_o be_v the_o season_n of_o that_o kind_n of_o labour_v title_n xxxii_o bear_v of_o unlawful_a weapon_n 1._o what_o be_v the_o punishment_n of_o this_o crime_n by_o our_o law_n 2._o what_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n 3._o who_o be_v judge_n competent_a to_o it_o i._o bear_v of_o hagbut_n pistol_n and_o other_o firework_n be_v punish_v of_o old_a by_o amputation_n of_o the_o right_a hand_n but_o by_o the_o 6._o act_n parliament_n 16._o ja._n 6._o the_o bear_n of_o such_o weapon_n be_v forbid_v though_o no_o prejudice_n be_v do_v by_o the_o wearer_n who_o may_v be_v pursue_v either_o before_o the_o council_n or_o justice_n court_n and_o the_o punishment_n by_o the_o council_n be_v declare_v not_o to_o be_v corporal_a but_o only_a confiscation_n of_o their_o moveable_n or_o syne_v and_o imprisonment_n but_o prejudice_n of_o any_o pursuit_n before_o the_o justice_n court_n who_o it_o appear_v may_v inflict_v the_o former_a punishment_n of_o cut_v off_o the_o right_a hand_n it_o will_v seem_v that_o by_o this_o act_n the_o panel_n be_v oblige_v to_o give_v his_o oath_n before_o the_o justice_n which_o be_v not_o usual_a in_o any_o crime_n except_o that_o of_o usury_n for_o the_o probation_n by_o oath_n be_v indefinite_o subjoin_v to_o pursuit_n before_o the_o justice_n or_o council_n and_o albeit_o the_o council_n do_v immediate_o precede_v yet_o that_o probation_n by_o oath_n seem_v not_o to_o relate_v sole_o to_o the_o procedure_n before_o the_o council_n for_o when_o the_o procedure_n before_o the_o council_n be_v repeat_v the_o probation_n by_o witness_n be_v only_o there_o mention_v yet_o i_o think_v there_o be_v a_o error_n in_o the_o print_n of_o this_o act_n for_o it_o be_v very_o unreasonable_a that_o when_o this_o crime_n be_v prove_v before_o the_o council_n by_o witness_n that_o no_o amputation_n shall_v be_v remit_v and_o yet_o this_o privilege_n shall_v not_o be_v extend_v to_o those_o against_o who_o it_o be_v prove_v by_o their_o own_o oath_n it_o be_v observable_a from_o this_o act_n that_o the_o council_n may_v force_v such_o as_o be_v pursue_v before_o they_o to_o give_v their_o oath_n albeit_o it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o nemo_fw-la tenetur_fw-la crimen_fw-la contra_fw-la se_fw-la probare_fw-la by_o this_o act_n likewise_o all_o licence_n to_o bear_v their_o weapon_n be_v ordain_v to_o be_v pass_v in_o council_n and_o to_o pay_v a_o composition_n to_o the_o thesaurer_n and_o to_o pass_v his_o register_n and_o all_o the_o seal_n else_o to_o be_v null_a ii_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n the_o bear_n of_o these_o weapon_n be_v a_o crime_n also_o l._n 11._o c._n ut_fw-la armorum_fw-la usus_fw-la and_o by_o the_o feudal_n law_n c._n 1._o §_o si_fw-la quis_fw-la de_fw-fr pace_fw-la tenenda_fw-la &_o tenebatur_fw-la paena_fw-la legis_fw-la juliae_fw-la de_fw-la vi_fw-la publica_fw-la which_o be_v arbitrary_a and_o the_o gloss_n observe_v that_o the_o carry_v of_o such_o arm_n be_v repute_v public_a violence_n though_o no_o prejudice_n be_v do_v which_o be_v consonant_n to_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n but_o it_o be_v strange_a that_o only_a firework_n or_o engine_n shall_v be_v forbid_v by_o that_o act._n nor_o can_v the_o carry_v pike_n sword_n or_o any_o other_o weapon_n be_v punish_v by_o that_o act._n by_o the_o civil_a law_n likewise_o the_o prohibit_v arm_n be_v confiscate_v and_o marsil_n in_o prac_n §_o pro_fw-la complemento_fw-la n._n 12._o carerius_fw-la &_o clar._n declare_v that_o by_o the_o custom_n both_o of_o spain_n and_o other_o place_n the_o arm_n be_v confiscate_v albeit_o there_o be_v no_o express_a warrant_n for_o that_o confiscation_n by_o the_o statute_n but_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o the_o true_a owner_n have_v lend_v they_o without_o be_v conscious_a to_o the_o crime_n will_v loss_n they_o and_o i_o think_v not_o but_o keep_v of_o such_o weapon_n at_o home_n be_v not_o punishable_a neither_o by_o the_o foresay_a act_n nor_o common_a law_n by_o which_o likewise_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o such_o as_o travel_v to_o bear_v such_o weapon_n for_o their_o own_o preservation_n &_o generaliter_fw-la licet_fw-la portare_fw-la arma_fw-la defensiva_fw-la but_o our_o law_n allow_v no_o such_o distinction_n and_o i_o remember_v that_o john_n macknaughton_n be_v pursue_v before_o the_o council_n for_o bear_v forbid_v weapon_n they_o repel_v this_o defence_n viz._n that_o he_o be_v travel_v unless_o the_o journey_n can_v have_v be_v allege_v necessary_a for_o else_o the_o act_n may_v still_o be_v elude_v and_o that_o it_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o highland_n to_o go_v still_o well_o attendded_a and_o arm_a which_o defence_n seem_v to_o some_o ill_n repel_v for_o self-defence_n and_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o country_n excuse_v still_o from_o this_o crime_n farinac_n de_fw-fr diver_n crim_n questi_fw-la 108._o by_o the_o common_a law_n offensive_a arm_n such_o as_o sword_n and_o pistol_n be_v forbid_v and_o the_o bearer_n punish_v albeit_o no_o prejudice_n follow_v but_o the_o carry_a stone_n and_o tree_n and_o such_o other_o thing_n as_o be_v not_o ex_fw-la sua_fw-la natura_fw-la offensiva_fw-la be_v only_o punishable_a if_o violence_n be_v do_v by_o the_o bearer_n l._n armorum_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr verb._n sig_n iii_o their_o pursuit_n be_v more_o ordinary_o before_o the_o council_n than_o the_o justice_n court_n and_o be_v ordinary_a libel_v as_o a_o aggravation_n rather_o than_o a_o crime_n thus_o i_o find_v william_n hamiltoun_n pursue_v for_o wear_v of_o pistol_n and_o present_v one_o to_o the_o provost_n of_o edinburgh_n whereupon_o he_o come_v in_o will_n and_o be_v banish_v
the_o public_a but_o even_o to_o the_o private_a party_n for_o qui_fw-la sibi_fw-la jus_o dicit_fw-la jus_o crediti_fw-la non_fw-la habebit_fw-la which_o imply_v a_o annul_n of_o the_o deed_n quo_fw-la ad_fw-la privatum_fw-la interest_n and_o cujacius_n observe_v well_o that_o the_o party_n force_v potest_fw-la condicere_fw-la and_o how_o can_v it_o be_v imagine_v that_o the_o law_n will_v ordain_v the_o extorter_n to_o be_v punish_v and_o yet_o not_o restore_v that_o which_o be_v extort_a the_o publick_v interest_n result_v only_o from_o the_o private_a injury_n do_v to_o the_o party_n and_o as_o the_o fisk_n use_v not_o to_o pursue_v without_o a_o informer_n so_o the_o private_a party_n injure_v will_v not_o inform_v nor_o concur_v since_o he_o can_v not_o expect_v any_o reparation_n and_o thus_o the_o crime_n and_o injury_n will_v remain_v unpunished_a but_o even_o according_a to_o the_o l._n 12._o and_o 14._o so_o much_o found_v on_o it_o be_v most_o clear_a that_o they_o be_v not_o in_o the_o case_n of_o these_o law_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a that_o even_o by_o these_o law_n the_o foresay_a principle_n be_v just_a since_o restitution_n be_v still_o to_o be_v grant_v ubi_fw-la actori_fw-la aliquid_fw-la abest_fw-la &_o ubi_fw-la damnum_fw-la intervenit_fw-la but_o so_o it_o be_v that_o in_o this_o case_n the_o pursuer_fw-mi be_v extreme_o prejudge_v by_o this_o disposition_n crave_v to_o be_v reduce_v ex_fw-la capite_fw-la metus_fw-la since_o if_o it_o be_v reduce_v he_o will_v easy_o defend_v himself_o against_o the_o allege_a minute_n upon_o many_o ground_n then_o represent_v it_o be_v also_o urge_v that_o though_o in_o the_o restitution_n of_o minor_n the_o law_n restore_v they_o only_o when_o they_o be_v lease_v since_o that_o remedy_n be_v main_o introduce_v for_o their_o advantage_n yet_o in_o reduction_n ex_fw-la capite_fw-la metus_fw-la the_o law_n design_n main_o that_o no_o man_n shall_v have_v advantage_n by_o his_o own_o oppression_n nor_o no_o man_n be_v obliedge_v without_o his_o own_o consent_n and_o so_o it_o rescind_v the_o deed_n though_o the_o party_n be_v not_o lease_v and_o the_o edict_n itself_o say_v quod_fw-la metus_fw-la causa_fw-la gestum_fw-la erit_fw-la ratum_fw-la non_fw-la habebo_fw-la without_o consider_v laesion_n &_o quod_fw-la ratum_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la irritandum_fw-la est_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v be_v reduceable_a and_o whereas_o it_o be_v pretend_v that_o the_o former_a brocard_n spoliatus_fw-la est_fw-la ante_fw-la omne_fw-la restituendus_fw-la do_v only_o hold_v where_o the_o thing_n be_v take_v away_o vi_fw-la ablativa_fw-la because_o that_o can_v be_v easy_o prove_v but_o not_o in_o deed_n extort_a vi_o compulsiva_fw-la which_o force_n depend_v upon_o inward_a act_n of_o the_o mind_n can_v not_o so_o easy_o be_v discover_v and_o can_v be_v easy_o mistake_v to_o this_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o though_o those_o two_o differ_v in_o themselves_o yet_o either_o of_o they_o infer_v restitution_n as_o we_o see_v all_o along_v the_o title_n quod_fw-la metus_fw-la causa_fw-la and_o in_o the_o practice_n of_o our_o reduction_n ex_fw-la capite_fw-la metus_fw-la in_o both_o which_o deed_n extort_a vi_o compulsiva_fw-la be_v reduceable_a and_o the_o person_n injure_v restore_v against_o they_o and_o since_o vis_fw-la compulsiva_fw-la can_v infer_v more_o prejudice_n then_o vis_fw-la ablativa_fw-la since_o vis_fw-la ablativa_fw-la can_v only_o rob_v we_o of_o moveable_n whereas_o vis_fw-la compulsiva_fw-la can_v rob_v we_o of_o our_o estate_n it_o be_v strange_a that_o the_o law_n shall_v not_o assist_v the_o injure_a person_n most_o where_o they_o may_v be_v most_o injure_v nor_o can_v it_o be_v deny_v but_o that_o compulsion_n fall_v as_o much_o under_o sense_n and_o so_o can_v be_v as_o easy_o prove_v as_o a_o spuilzie_n can_v for_o though_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o some_o degree_n of_o force_n shall_v always_o infer_v restitution_n yet_o the_o probation_n of_o these_o degree_n if_o once_o admit_v be_v always_o easy_a the_o crime_n answer_v in_o the_o civil_a law_n to_o oppression_n be_v vis_fw-la publica_fw-la vis_fw-la privata_fw-la &_o concussio_fw-la those_o be_v punishable_a l._n julia_fw-la de_fw-la vi_fw-la publicae_fw-la who_o raise_v arm_n or_o do_v violent_o eject_v man_n out_o of_o their_o house_n or_o land_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d l._n 4._o basil._n h._n t._n these_o who_o assist_v the_o oppressor_n with_o man_n be_v guilty_a thereof_o and_o the_o punishment_n be_v aquae_fw-la &_o ignis_fw-la interdictio_fw-la these_o be_v guilty_a of_o vis_fw-la privata_fw-la who_o oppress_v upon_o a_o private_a account_n and_o the_o punishment_n be_v the_o confiscation_n of_o the_o three_o part_n of_o their_o good_n with_o infamy_n concussion_n be_v that_o crime_n whereby_o money_n or_o any_o thing_n else_o be_v extort_a by_o open_a force_n or_o who_o employ_v their_o power_n and_o authority_n as_o the_o instrument_n of_o oppression_n i_o have_v see_v process_n and_o remission_n relate_v to_o this_o crime_n with_o we_o and_o the_o punishment_n of_o it_o be_v arbitrary_a both_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o we_o the_o take_n of_o black-mail_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o concussion_n in_o our_o law_n and_o by_o black-mail_n be_v understand_v the_o pay_v of_o money_n or_o any_o gratuity_n to_o thief_n for_o their_o protection_n and_o by_o our_o law_n not_o only_o the_o taker_n but_o the_o payer_n of_o black-mail_n be_v punishable_a as_o thief_n and_o robber_n by_o the_o 21._o act_n par._n 1._o ja._n 6._o and_o dittay_v be_v ordain_v to_o be_v take_v up_o against_o they_o act_n 102._o parl._n 11._o ja._n 6._o and_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o giver_n be_v liable_a be_v because_o they_o maintain_v the_o thief_n and_o keep_v correspondance_n with_o they_o and_o do_v not_o dilate_v they_o but_o yet_o except_o there_o be_v something_o of_o compliance_n or_o a_o long_a tract_n of_o payment_n libel_v the_o justice_n do_v not_o use_v to_o sustain_v payment_n of_o black-mail_n by_o itself_o as_o a_o crime_n to_o infer_v any_o severe_a punishment_n much_o less_o to_o infer_v the_o pain_n of_o theft_n and_o robbery_n conform_v to_o the_o foreâ—aid_a act_n that_o payment_n be_v ordinary_o more_o the_o effect_n of_o fear_n then_o of_o compliance_n title_n xxxv_o be_v and_o part_n open_a &_o consilio_fw-la 1._o these_o word_n art_n and_o part_n explain_v 2._o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n ordain_v that_o libel_n bear_v art_n and_o part_n shall_v be_v relevant_a full_o consider_v 3._o how_o far_o advice_n and_o counsel_n do_v import_n accession_n 4._o how_o far_o the_o give_v order_n to_o commit_v a_o crime_n import_v accession_n 5._o how_o far_o the_o command_n of_o a_o superior_a excuse_v 6._o how_o far_o the_o command_n of_o a_o father_n excuse_v 7._o who_o be_v construct_v in_o law_n to_o be_v assister_n 8._o how_o a_o crime_n may_v be_v ratify_v and_o what_o be_v the_o import_n of_o ratification_n 9_o whether_o accessory_n can_v be_v pursue_v till_o the_o principal_a actor_n be_v first_o discuss_v 10._o whether_o complice_n and_o accessory_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v by_o the_o punishment_n due_a to_o the_o principal_a malefactor_n not_o only_o these_o who_o be_v the_o actual_a committer_n of_o crime_n but_o these_o by_o who_o counsel_n direction_n or_o assistance_n any_o crime_n be_v commit_v be_v likewise_o punishable_a else_o the_o law_n may_v be_v easy_o elude_v and_o the_o chief_a contriver_n may_v escape_v i._o these_o who_o be_v assister_n by_o counsel_n or_o otherways_o be_v in_o our_o law_n say_v to_o be_v art_n and_o part_n of_o the_o crime_n by_o art_n be_v mean_v that_o the_o crime_n be_v contrive_v by_o their_o art_n or_o skill_n eorum_fw-la arte_fw-la by_o part_n be_v mean_v that_o they_o be_v sharer_n in_o the_o crime_n commit_v when_o it_o be_v commit_v &_o quorum_fw-la pars_fw-la magna_fw-la the_o civilian_n use_v in_o place_n of_o art_n and_o part_n open_v &_o consilio_fw-la and_o these_o who_o assist_v and_o be_v art_n and_o part_n be_v by_o our_o law_n call_v complice_n which_o word_n be_v borrow_v from_o the_o doctor_n for_o the_o call_v consiliarios_fw-la fautores_fw-la &_o instructores_fw-la complice_n carer_n pract_n crim_n §_o homicidium_fw-la num_fw-la 14._o ii_o by_o the_o 151._o act_n 11._o parl._n i._n 6._o it_o it_o ordain_v that_o nothing_o can_v be_v object_v against_o the_o relevancy_n of_o that_o part_n of_o the_o summons_n which_o bear_v that_o the_o person_n complain_v upon_o be_v art_n and_o part_n of_o the_o crime_n libel_v by_o the_o relevancy_n of_o the_o libel_n our_o law_n mean_v that_o the_o libel_n be_v rite_n libellatus_fw-la and_o i_o find_v the_o term_n relevant_a use_v by_o the_o doctor_n themselves_o in_o the_o same_o sense_n that_o it_o be_v use_v by_o we_o and_o thus_o gail_n l._n 1._o ob_n 86._o judex_fw-la debet_fw-la tantum_fw-la admittere_fw-la articulos_fw-la relevantes_fw-la the_o reason_n of_o the_o former_a act_n be_v there_o render_v to_o
allowable_a if_o the_o tennent_n after_o count_n oblige_v himself_o to_o remove_v and_o declare_v that_o it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a to_o his_o master_n to_o enter_v brevi_fw-la manu_fw-la if_o he_o pay_v not_o what_o be_v declare_v to_o be_v due_a for_o there_o the_o precede_a count_n be_v equivalant_n to_o a_o declarator_n and_o the_o party_n eject_v be_v not_o prejudge_v otherwise_o then_o by_o his_o own_o not_o payment_n and_o therefore_o the_o lord_n the_o 19_o of_o december_n 1661._o find_v not_o the_o countess_n of_o murray_n liable_a to_o aspoilzie_n for_o eject_v dewer_n her_o tennent_n because_o dewer_n have_v by_o a_o count_n declare_v that_o he_o be_v debtor_n in_o such_o a_o sum_n and_o by_o a_o bond_n oblige_v himself_o to_o remove_v betwixt_o and_o a_o particular_a day_n and_o if_o he_o fail_v declare_v it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a for_o the_o countess_n to_o enter_v brevi_fw-la manu_fw-la to_o the_o possession_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n he_o who_o violent_o intromit_v even_o with_o what_o be_v his_o own_o lose_v thereby_o his_o property_n in_o it_o the_o next_o defence_n be_v that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi have_v immediate_o before_o possess_v himself_o violent_o and_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o the_o defender_n to_o recover_v his_o possession_n ex_fw-la incontinenti_fw-la nam_fw-la vim_o vi_fw-la licet_fw-la repellere_fw-la and_o the_o law_n sustain_v this_o defence_n l._n 3._o â—_o 9_o &_o l._n 17._o ff_n eod_a and_o explain_v that_o to_o be_v ex_fw-la incontinenti_fw-la factum_fw-la quod_fw-la factum_fw-la est_fw-la priusquam_fw-la ad_fw-la aliud_fw-la negotium_fw-la fuerit_fw-la recessum_fw-la what_o time_n shall_v be_v allow_v for_o repel_v violence_n be_v arbitrary_a to_o the_o judge_n for_o violence_n commit_v by_o a_o great_a man_n require_v more_o time_n for_o reparation_n to_o redress_v it_o then_o when_o it_o be_v commit_v by_o a_o private_a person_n for_o friend_n must_v be_v convocat_n and_o arm_n prepare_v as_o bart._n and_o the_o glos._n instance_n upon_o the_o former_a law_n but_o in_o personal_a injury_n id_fw-la tantum_fw-la diciturex_fw-la incontinenti_fw-la fieri_fw-la quod_fw-la fit_a in_o ipso_fw-la flagranti_fw-la crimine_fw-la iv._o the_o violent_a ejection_n of_o his_o majesty_n liedge_n out_o of_o their_o possession_n be_v pursue_v either_o by_o a_o action_n mere_o civil_a which_o in_o moveable_n be_v call_v spoilzie_a in_o land_n ejection_n which_o the_o civil_a law_n term_n still_o dejectio_fw-la &_o non_fw-la ejectio_fw-la or_o criminal_o as_o a_o riot_n which_o be_v a_o mix_a action_n partly_o civil_a partly_o criminal_a when_o spoilzy_n or_o ejection_n be_v civil_o pursue_v the_o conclusion_n be_v violent_a profit_n which_o be_v the_o double_a rent_n of_o the_o land_n and_o restitution_n of_o the_o thing_n crave_v but_o when_o this_o be_v pursue_v as_o a_o riot_n the_o punishment_n be_v arbitrary_a as_o be_v also_o the_o criminal_a punishment_n the_o civil_a action_n prescribe_v in_o three_o year_n k._n ja._n 6._o parl._n 6._o cap._n 8._o but_o the_o action_n of_o riot_n or_o criminal_a action_n prescribe_v not_o and_o yet_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o these_o action_n prescribe_v not_o quo_fw-la ad_fw-la the_o conclusion_n of_o restitution_n see_v that_o be_v a_o civil_a conclusion_n and_o it_o may_v be_v debate_v that_o the_o maxim_n spoliatus_fw-la ante_fw-la omne_fw-la est_fw-la restituendus_fw-la lose_v its_o vigour_n after_o that_o time_n so_o that_o one_o pursue_v for_o a_o riotous_a ejection_n or_o spoilzie_a may_v allege_v that_o no_o riot_n can_v be_v conclude_v see_v the_o thing_n or_o land_n controvert_v be_v his_o own_o we_o shall_v speak_v of_o the_o criminal_a pursuit_n in_o its_o own_o place_n whether_o the_o one_o of_o these_o action_n do_v exclude_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi from_o all_o other_o reparation_n so_o that_o he_o who_o pursue_v the_o action_n of_o spoilzie_n or_o ejection_n can_v thereafter_o pursue_v a_o riot_n or_o a_o criminal_a pursuit_n may_v be_v controvert_v and_o the_o civil_a law_n decide_v it_o thus_o that_o quando_fw-la &_o una_fw-la &_o altera_fw-la tendunt_fw-la ad_fw-la vindictam_fw-la tunc_fw-la una_fw-la agitur_fw-la ad_fw-la vindictam_fw-la altera_fw-la vero_fw-la ad_fw-la prosecutionem_fw-la rei_fw-la familiaris_fw-la and_o thus_o the_o have_v obtain_v a_o decreet_a of_o ejection_n imp_v not_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi to_o intent_n a_o action_n or_o criminal_a pursuit_n but_o after_o a_o decreet_a obtain_v for_o the_o riot_n a_o criminal_a pursuit_n can_v be_v intent_a for_o these_o respiciunt_fw-la vindictam_fw-la v._o the_o council_n cognose_n likewise_o upon_o crime_n by_o way_n of_o precognition_n which_o they_o do_v in_o two_o case_n 1._o where_o considerable_a person_n be_v interest_v in_o the_o crime_n commit_v as_o noble_a man_n or_o clann_n where_o there_o be_v a_o hazard_n of_o aliment_v the_o feud_n by_o remit_v the_o criminal_o to_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o justice_n wherefore_o to_o prevent_v future_a resentment_n and_o cement_v old_a difference_n the_o council_n in_o quorum_n tutela_fw-la est_fw-la pax_fw-la publica_fw-la cognosce_fw-la upon_o the_o crime_n and_o remit_v much_o of_o the_o ordinary_a rigour_n the_o 2._o case_n be_v when_o the_o crime_n be_v so_o ciâ—cumstantiat_fw-la that_o it_o require_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o lessen_v of_o the_o ordinary_a punishment_n the_o form_n in_o precognition_n be_v that_o either_o the_o friend_n of_o the_o party_n give_v in_o a_o bill_n to_o the_o council_n which_o can_v be_v grant_v but_o in_o praesentia_fw-la deduce_v the_o case_n and_o represent_v what_o danger_n be_v like_a to_o ensue_v quo_fw-la casu_fw-la letter_n be_v direct_v ordain_v the_o other_o party_n to_o be_v cite_v and_o both_o â—_z to_o cite_v such_o witness_n and_o probation_n as_o they_o will_v use_v or_o else_o if_o no_o application_n be_v make_v the_o council_n ordain_v letter_n to_o be_v direct_a cite_v both_o party_n his_o majesty_n have_v with_o consent_n of_o parliament_n appoint_v that_o the_o justice-court_n shall_v be_v serve_v by_o many_o of_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n do_v because_o of_o their_o number_n and_o ability_n discharge_v all_o precognition_n in_o their_o commission_n and_o yet_o because_o these_o precognition_n be_v not_o discharge_v in_o the_o commission_n grant_v to_o the_o council_n the_o council_n do_v sustain_v themselves_o judge_n competent_a to_o precognition_n their_o commission_n bear_v to_o be_v as_o full_a and_o to_o give_v they_o as_o much_o power_n as_o any_o former_a council_n have_v but_o real_o it_o be_v happy_a for_o this_o nation_n that_o we_o want_v all_o precognition_n since_o thereby_o the_o delinquent_n have_v power_n to_o choose_v such_o diet_n as_o he_o please_v and_o so_o may_v pursue_v his_o precognition_n when_o he_o know_v the_o witness_n who_o can_v prove_v his_o guilt_n be_v absent_a or_o may_v prevail_v with_o they_o to_o absent_v themselves_o for_o some_o time_n and_o this_o be_v ordinary_o practise_v nor_o have_v i_o ever_o see_v any_o who_o pursue_v a_o precognition_n bring_v to_o condign_a punishment_n and_o whereas_o it_o be_v pretend_v that_o there_o be_v some_o case_n wherein_o the_o severity_n of_o law_n ought_v to_o be_v remit_v upon_o the_o consideration_n of_o lessen_v circumstance_n wherein_o equity_n may_v be_v allow_v to_o blunt_a the_o edge_n of_o justice_n it_o be_v answer_v that_o this_o may_v be_v do_v by_o the_o justice_n either_o upon_o a_o special_a commission_n for_o try_v the_o merit_n of_o the_o panel_n pretence_n or_o alter_v that_o the_o justice_n have_v hear_v all_o that_o will_v be_v legal_o urge_v by_o either_o party_n in_o a_o full_a trial_n they_o may_v delay_v the_o execution_n and_o make_v report_n to_o his_o majesty_n of_o the_o just_a state_n of_o the_o case_n the_o council_n likewise_o sometime_o inflict_v punishment_n without_o recognition_n by_o way_n of_o citation_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o giles_n there_o englishman_n who_o be_v incarcerat_a as_o accessary_a to_o the_o death_n of_o mr._n bedford_n in_o lie_v and_o as_o guilty_a of_o adultery_n with_o mistress_n hamiltoun_n wife_n to_o the_o say_v bedford_n there_o do_v upon_o a_o petition_n to_o the_o council_n wherein_o he_o confess_v the_o adultery_n but_o deny_v the_o murder_n which_o mistress_n hamiltoun_n have_v likewise_o at_o her_o death_n acquit_v he_o of_o obtain_v himself_o banish_v without_o be_v put_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n by_o who_o he_o have_v certain_o die_v as_o guilty_a of_o notour_n adultery_n 1665._o vi_o the_o council_n name_n likewise_o assessor_n to_o the_o justice_n before_o the_o trial_n these_o the_o grecian_a lawyer_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o sometime_o they_o discharge_v or_o continue_a yet_n after_o sentence_n also_o the_o council_n upon_o application_n make_v to_o they_o do_v either_o mitigat_n the_o punishment_n not_o only_a where_o it_o be_v arbitrary_a but_o even_o where_o it_o be_v statutory_a as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o brown_n who_o they_o ordain_v only_o to_o pay_v 100_o
inflict_v of_o such_o punishment_n be_v only_o proper_a to_o kirk_n session_n the_o 15._o of_o february_n 1669._o but_o though_o they_o be_v the_o only_a judge_n competent_a to_o verbal_a injury_n where_o they_o be_v scandal_n yet_o in_o verbal_a injury_n do_v to_o person_n of_o quality_n which_o be_v call_v in_o law_n scandala_fw-la magnatum_fw-la the_o council_n sustain_v itself_o judge_v competent_a the_o king_n be_v as_o the_o author_n so_o the_o protector_n of_o all_o the_o privilege_n of_o the_o peerage_n and_o in_o verbal_a injury_n likewise_o do_v to_o magistrate_n the_o council_n be_v also_o judge_n magistrate_n represent_v the_o king_n and_o be_v his_o instrument_n in_o the_o government_n when_o verbal_a injury_n be_v do_v by_o member_n of_o a_o court_n to_o one_o another_o that_o court_n be_v likewise_o judge_v competent_a all_o court_n how_o inferior_a soever_o have_v a_o innat_fw-la power_n to_o chastise_v its_o own_o member_n and_o to_o preserve_v the_o esteem_n due_a to_o itself_o and_o therefore_o if_o any_o stranger_n who_o have_v a_o process_n depend_v before_o any_o other_o court_n as_o the_o session_n sheriff_n etc._n etc._n do_v abuse_v contumelious_o any_o three_o party_n though_o no_o member_n yet_o these_o respective_a court_n may_v punish_v the_o same_o if_o the_o injury_n be_v do_v in_o face_n of_o judgement_n and_o if_o it_o be_v do_v to_o any_o inferior_a judge_n extrajudicial_o that_o judge_n if_o he_o be_v in_o the_o actual_a exercise_n of_o his_o office_n he_o may_v likewise_o punish_v the_o same_o except_o the_o offender_n be_v a_o member_n of_o the_o college_n of_o justice_n for_o in_o that_o case_n the_o judge_n extrajudicial_o injure_v must_v complain_v to_o the_o lord_n but_o can_v imprison_v they_o summary_o because_o if_o this_o be_v allow_v these_o member_n may_v be_v abstract_v from_o serve_v the_o liedge_n as_o a_o advocate_n when_o he_o be_v to_o plead_v a_o cause_n or_o a_o clerk_n when_o he_o be_v to_o give_v out_o a_o decreet_a and_o this_o last_o have_v be_v frequent_o so_o decide_v though_o verbal_a injury_n amount_v to_o scandal_n be_v only_o to_o be_v punish_v by_o the_o commissar_n yet_o where_o they_o have_v nothing_o in_o they_o of_o scandal_n but_o be_v rather_o reflection_n upon_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o party_n injure_v as_o to_o call_v a_o gentleman_n a_o puppy_n or_o a_o ass_n it_o may_v be_v the_o privy_a council_n and_o not_o the_o commissar_n be_v judge_n competent_a the_o commissar_n be_v also_o judge_n competent_a to_o adultery_n in_o so_o far_o as_o concern_v divorce_n vid._n tit_n adulterii_fw-la iii_o how_o far_o the_o commissar_n and_o inferior_a judge_n be_v judge_n competent_a to_o the_o improve_n of_o writ_n and_o declare_v they_o false_a have_v be_v various_o decide_v but_o they_o may_v be_v reduce_v to_o these_o conclusion_n 1._o no_o inferior_a judge_n be_v competent_a to_o try_v the_o falsehood_n of_o writ_n by_o the_o indirect_a manner_n of_o improbation_n that_o be_v to_o say_v by_o presumption_n for_o that_o way_n of_o trial_n be_v in_o effect_n nobilis_fw-la officii_fw-la be_v only_o competent_a to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o session_n 2._o commissar_n and_o other_o inferior_a judge_n be_v only_o competent_a to_o improbation_n even_o where_o the_o direct_a manner_n be_v extant_a if_o improbation_n be_v propon_v by_o way_n of_o exception_n or_o reply_n for_o then_o the_o trial_n of_o falsehood_n fall_v in_o necessary_o as_o a_o part_n of_o the_o process_n and_o without_o this_o be_v allow_v to_o these_o inferior_a judge_n they_o can_v proceed_v in_o no_o case_n for_o if_o a_o pursuit_n be_v intent_a before_o they_o upon_o a_o bond_n they_o behove_v to_o sist_z if_o the_o bond_n be_v allege_v to_o be_v false_a or_o to_o stop_v if_o the_o defender_n shall_v offer_v to_o improve_v the_o execution_n of_o the_o summons_n but_o yet_o they_o be_v not_o competent_a by_o way_n of_o action_n even_o where_o the_o direct_a manner_n be_v extant_a as_o be_v decide_v the_o last_o of_o november_n 1630._o williamson_n contra_fw-la cushney_n 3._o if_o the_o commissar_n or_o other_o inferior_a judge_n pronounce_v once_o a_o decreet_a he_o can_v thereafter_o reduce_v his_o own_o decreet_a as_o have_v proceed_v upon_o false_a execution_n though_o the_o execution_n be_v give_v by_o his_o own_o officer_n since_o they_o be_v only_a judge_n competent_a to_o such_o forgery_n incidenter_n but_o after_o sentence_n they_o be_v functi_fw-la as_o be_v find_v the_o 29._o of_o january_n 1677._o cowan_n contra_fw-la the_o commissar_n of_o glasgows_n phiscal_n and_o according_a to_o these_o conclusion_n the_o late_a instruction_n give_v to_o the_o commissar_n be_v to_o be_v interpret_v title_n xi_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o regality_n in_o criminal_n 1._o the_o origine_fw-la of_o regality_n 2._o they_o be_v account_v inferior_a judicatur_n 3._o why_o the_o heritor_n of_o a_o regality_n be_v call_v a_o lord_n of_o regality_n 4._o whether_o his_o majesty_n may_v erect_v regality_n within_o the_o bound_n of_o heritable_a jurisdiction_n 5._o they_o can_v repledge_v in_o case_n of_o treason_n nor_o from_o justice_n air_n 6._o the_o difference_n betwixt_o ecclesiastic_a and_o laic_a regality_n and_o from_o who_o they_o may_v repledge_a 7._o the_o form_n of_o a_o repledgiation_n 8._o regalities_n must_v have_v a_o burgh_n of_o regality_n and_o to_o what_o that_o burgh_n be_v tie_v 9_o the_o effect_n of_o a_o lord_n of_o regalities_n power_n i._o by_o the_o feudal_n law_n to_o which_o regality_n owe_v their_o origine_fw-la alia_fw-la erant_fw-la regalia_z alia_fw-la erant_fw-la feuda_fw-la regalem_fw-la dignitatem_fw-la habentia_fw-la which_o be_v the_o same_o difference_n in_o our_o law_n betwixt_o regalia_z and_o regality_n regalia_z be_v such_o privilege_n as_o immediate_o belong_v to_o the_o crown_n and_o do_v not_o original_o belong_v to_o nor_o can_v be_v communicate_v by_o any_o else_o such_o as_o to_o coin_v money_n to_o open_a mine_n of_o silver_n gold_n etc._n etc._n but_o regality_n be_v fews_n which_o be_v grant_v by_o the_o king_n to_o a_o subject_a they_o have_v as_o large_a a_o jurisdiction_n as_o the_o sheriff_n have_v in_o civil_n or_o the_o justice_n in_o criminal_o the_o habilis_fw-la modus_fw-la of_o grant_v which_o right_n be_v by_o signator_n whereupon_o a_o charter_n follow_v which_o pass_v the_o great_a seal_n ii_o regality_n be_v account_v inferior_a judicatur_n cap_n 76._o quon_n attach_v by_o which_o it_o be_v statute_n that_o no_o inferior_a judge_n shall_v judge_v the_o pley_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o regality_n be_v express_o number_v among_o inferior_a court_n act_n 173._o parl._n 13._o k._n ja._n 6._o by_o which_o it_o be_v likewise_o statute_n that_o he_o who_o strike_v any_o person_n in_o presence_n of_o the_o justice_n shall_v incur_v the_o pain_n of_o death_n but_o he_o who_o strike_v any_o before_o the_o sheriff_n lord_n of_o regality_n or_o other_o inferior_a judge_n shall_v only_o pay_v a_o hundred_o pound_n but_o though_o they_o be_v account_v inferior_a judge_n when_o compare_v with_o the_o justice_n or_o commissioner_n of_o justiciary_a yet_o they_o have_v great_a power_n in_o the_o way_n of_o their_o procedor_fw-la and_o in_o the_o proportion_v of_o their_o fine_n than_o sheriff_n or_o other_o inferior_a judge_n have_v for_o they_o may_v fine_v in_o a_o hundred_o pound_n though_o sheriff_n and_o other_o can_v as_o be_v find_v the_o 30_o of_o january_n 1663._o stewart_n against_o bogle_n and_o general_o they_o have_v the_o same_o power_n and_o the_o same_o allowance_n with_o the_o justice_n except_o when_o a_o express_a law_n make_v a_o difference_n betwixt_o they_o the_o 43._o act_n 11._o parl._n k._n ja._n 2._o appoint_v that_o no_o regality_n shall_v be_v grant_v without_o deliverance_n of_o parliament_n which_o nullity_n of_o old_a can_v not_o have_v be_v receive_v ope_v exceptionis_fw-la if_o it_o be_v clad_v with_o possession_n have_v 1610._o and_o they_o be_v still_o subject_a to_o revocation_n by_o the_o king_n if_o they_o be_v otherwise_o grant_v as_o may_v be_v see_v by_o the_o revocation_n 1633._o and_o all_o precede_a iii_o he_o in_o who_o favour_n the_o regality_n be_v grant_v be_v still_o call_v the_o lord_n of_o regality_n though_o he_o be_v otherwise_o but_o a_o baron_n the_o reason_n of_o which_o i_o take_v to_o be_v because_o by_o the_o feudal_n law_n tria_fw-la erant_fw-la tantum_fw-la feuda_fw-la regalem_fw-la dignitatem_fw-la habentia_fw-la &_o quibus_fw-la inerat_fw-la jurisdictio_fw-la regalis_fw-la viz_o ducatus_fw-la marchionatus_fw-la &_o comitatus_fw-la and_o by_o the_o same_o reason_n it_o be_v that_o no_o land_n can_v be_v comprehend_v under_o this_o jurisdiction_n by_o our_o law_n but_o such_o as_o belong_v to_o he_o in_o who_o favour_n that_o jurisdiction_n be_v grant_v either_o in_o property_n or_o superiority_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v find_v that_o his_o majesty_n palace_n though_o situate_v in_o burgh_n of_o
therefore_o act_n 89._o par._n 6._o ja._n 1._o ratify_v act_n 28.3_o par._n k._n ja._n 4._o with_o this_o addition_n that_o if_o any_o heritable_a sheriff_n omit_v his_o duty_n in_o prosecute_n of_o this_o crime_n after_o this_o manner_n he_o shall_v lose_v his_o heritable_a office_n for_o three_o year_n but_o if_o he_o have_v only_o that_o office_n for_o the_o time_n he_o shall_v lose_v it_o during_o all_o that_o time_n from_o which_o act_n it_o may_v be_v conclude_v that_o the_o sheriff_n be_v not_o only_o judge_v competent_a to_o slaughter_n but_o to_o murder_v and_o both_o to_o the_o one_o and_o to_o the_o other_o at_o any_o time_n if_o he_o have_v either_o apprehend_v the_o person_n or_o have_v ex_fw-la in_o continenti_fw-la do_v diligence_n for_o apprehend_v he_o but_o the_o sheriff_n be_v not_o judge_n competent_a to_o murder_v though_o commit_v within_o his_o jurisdiction_n except_o in_o either_o of_o these_o case_n iv._o the_o way_n of_o procedure_v before_o the_o sheriff_n be_v by_o a_o assize_n and_o the_o procurator-fiskal_a be_v pursuer_fw-mi in_o place_n of_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n yet_o sometime_o the_o sheriff_n or_o baron_n may_v condemn_v upon_o the_o panel_n confession_n without_o a_o assize_n as_o dur._n observe_v penult_n january_n 1622._o but_o if_o the_o party_n be_v present_a the_o sheriff_n can_v condemn_v he_o as_o hold_v pro_fw-la confesso_fw-la though_o he_o refuse_v to_o depon_n but_o co_fw-la casu_fw-la he_o must_v put_v he_o to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o assize_n as_o be_v find_v 24._o july_n 1633._o dickson_n contra_fw-la halyday_n and_o albeit_o a_o blood_n prove_v by_o confession_n may_v be_v punish_v by_o a_o unlaw_n of_o fifty_o pound_n yet_o when_o blood_n be_v punish_v upon_o contumacious_a refusal_n to_o swear_v the_o unlaw_n can_v exceed_v ten_o pound_n 17._o february_n 1624._o v._o the_o sheriff_n may_v pursue_v when_o any_o person_n compear_v and_o insist_o with_o he_o in_o the_o pursuit_n but_o if_o the_o crime_n be_v pursue_v by_o way_n of_o indictment_n without_o the_o concurrence_n of_o any_o party_n the_o justice_n general_n be_v only_a judge_n competent_a thereto_o skeen_n verbo_fw-la sheriff_n but_o that_o rule_n be_v too_o general_a and_o may_v admit_v of_o this_o distinction_n viz._n that_o either_o the_o thief_n be_v take_v with_o fang_n and_o then_o the_o sheriff_n may_v proceed_v to_o judge_v he_o though_o no_o private_a pursuer_fw-mi insist_v against_o he_o nor_o need_v there_o three_o fang_n for_o justify_v that_o pursuit_n albeit_o sheriff_n now_o never_o proceed_v but_o where_o three_o fang_n be_v prove_v or_o else_o no_o fang_n be_v find_v &_o eo_fw-la casu_fw-la the_o sheriff_n can_v judge_v the_o thief_n except_o there_o be_v a_o pursuit_n intend_v at_o the_o instance_n of_o a_o private_a party_n vi_o the_o sheriff_n shall_v assist_v in_o all_o justice_n air_n hold_v by_o the_o justice_n general_n or_o the_o chamberlain_n and_o shall_v produce_v the_o verification_n of_o all_o the_o summons_n which_o be_v make_v to_o the_o justice_n air_n and_o shall_v make_v provision_n at_o the_o justice_n air_n and_o his_o clerk_n which_o shall_v be_v allow_v in_o the_o first_o end_n of_o his_o account_n to_o the_o exchequer_n and_o he_o shall_v arrest_v such_o person_n as_o the_o crowner_n can_v arrest_v and_o shall_v those_o a_o assize_n upon_o the_o last_o day_n of_o the_o justice_n air_n anent_o the_o execution_n of_o his_o office_n ja._n 3._o parl._n 14._o cap._n 102._o and_o if_o he_o be_v find_v culpable_a the_o justice_n general_n may_v remove_v he_o from_o his_o office_n till_o the_o next_o parliament_n and_o put_v another_o in_o his_o place_n to_o officiat_fw-la in_o the_o interim_n st._n rob._n bruce_n ex_fw-la lib._n sconen_n relate_v by_o skeen_n ibid._n but_o much_o of_o this_o be_v antiquate_v by_o custom_n for_o the_o thesaurer_n send_v along_o with_o the_o justice_n air_n a_o person_n special_o commissionated_a by_o they_o who_o defray_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o justice_n and_o justice_n clerk_n vii_o if_o the_o sheriff_n fail_v in_o his_o duty_n he_o be_v punish_v of_o old_a by_o the_o loss_n of_o his_o office_n during_o his_o life_n and_o imprisonment_n during_o his_o majesty_n pleasure_n st._n david_n cap._n 13._o &_o 69._o but_o now_o for_o negligence_n in_o his_o office_n he_o tine_v the_o same_o for_o year_n and_o day_n and_o be_v punishable_a in_o his_o person_n and_o good_n at_o his_o majesty_n pleasure_n ja._n 2._o par._n 14._o cap._n 37._o and_o yet_o the_o lord_n yester_n have_v suffer_v two_o thief_n negligent_o to_o escape_v and_o his_o heritable_a office_n of_o sheriffship_n be_v upon_o that_o account_n take_v from_o he_o by_o king_n james_n the_o five_o that_o decreet_a be_v reduce_v for_o it_o be_v find_v too_o small_a to_o infer_v the_o loss_n of_o a_o heritable_a office_n stat._n sessionis_fw-la pag._n 34._o which_o be_v observe_v by_o hop_v likewise_o in_o his_o large_a practic_n if_o the_o sheriff_n absolute_o refuse_v to_o do_v justice_n he_o lose_v likewise_o his_o office_n and_o be_v punishable_a at_o his_o majesty_n pleasure_n but_o if_o he_o do_v injustice_n he_o lose_v his_o office_n if_o it_o be_v heritable_a for_o three_o year_n but_o if_o it_o be_v not_o heritable_a he_o lose_v it_o during_o the_o time_n he_o be_v to_o enjoy_v it_o former_o and_o in_o both_o case_n he_o be_v punishable_a arbitrary_a in_o his_o person_n and_o be_v obliedge_v to_o refound_v the_o damnage_n and_o interest_n sustain_v by_o the_o party_n laese_v k._n i._n 3._o p._n 5._o cap._n 26._o but_o if_o he_o bribe_v or_o give_v partial_a counsel_n he_o forefault_n his_o fame_n honour_n and_o dignity_n and_o be_v likewise_o punishable_a in_o his_o person_n and_o good_n k._n i._n 5._o par._n 7._o cap._n 104._o if_o the_o case_n be_v difficult_a the_o lord_n of_o session_n will_v sometimes_o advocate_n the_o cause_n from_o the_o sheriff_n to_o the_o justice_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o theft-boot_n pursue_v by_o connadge_n the_o sheriff_n deput_fw-la of_o invernesse_n against_o makintosh_n and_o sometime_o the_o council_n will_v discharge_v the_o sheriff_n to_o proceed_v without_o advocate_a the_o cause_n if_o they_o find_v either_o the_o case_n to_o be_v difficult_a or_o the_o sheriff_n and_o his_o depute_n to_o be_v suspect_v title_n xiii_o the_o criminal_a jurisdiction_n of_o baron_n 1._o in_o what_o case_n baron_n may_v judge_v 2._o the_o clerk_n of_o that_o court_n need_v not_o be_v a_o nottar_n 3._o whether_o he_o may_v punish_v theft_n or_o fire-raising_a i._o a_o baron_n in_o our_o law_n be_v general_o understand_v to_o be_v one_o who_o be_v infest_v in_o any_o land_n though_o not_o erect_v in_o a_o barony_n in_o which_o sense_n he_o have_v no_o jurisdiction_n but_o only_o that_o he_o can_v unlaw_n his_o own_o tennent_n for_o blood_n commit_v upon_o his_o own_o ground_n as_o be_v find_v the_o penult_n of_o january_n 1622._o johnstoun_n against_o the_o laird_n of_o west-nisbit_a but_o a_o baron_n proper_o be_v he_o who_o be_v infest_v with_o power_n of_o pit_n and_o gallow_n fossa_fw-la &_o furca_fw-la a_o barron_n judge_n crime_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o they_o be_v judge_v by_o the_o sheriff_n and_o may_v like_v he_o proceed_v in_o time_n of_o vacance_n to_o judge_v these_o crime_n to_o which_o he_o be_v otherwise_o competent_a but_o it_o have_v be_v controvert_v whether_o baron_n have_v be_v judge_n competent_a to_o process_n for_o penal_a statute_n since_o the_o penalty_n there_o be_v to_o be_v apply_v to_o the_o king_n fisk_n and_o so_o shall_v be_v judge_v in_o his_o own_o court_n but_o the_o lord_n find_v the_o 3._o of_o february_n 1674._o that_o they_o be_v judge_n competent_a to_o penal_a statute_n by_o the_o constant_a custom_n of_o this_o nation_n albeit_o in_o civil_a case_n baron_n may_v appoint_v baily_n yet_o balfour_n cap._n 63._o observe_n that_o in_o criminalibus_fw-la no_o person_n below_o the_o degree_n of_o a_o baron_n may_v sit_v upon_o blood_n nam_fw-la potestas_fw-la gladii_fw-la est_fw-la meri_fw-la imperii_fw-la quae_fw-la nullo_n modo_fw-la delegari_fw-la potest_fw-la except_o there_o be_v a_o express_a power_n give_v by_o the_o sovereign_n for_o that_o effect_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o justice_n and_o sheriff_n who_o have_v power_n to_o deput_n and_o that_o power_n of_o deputation_n be_v unnecessar_n if_o it_o be_v otherwise_o competent_a ii_o the_o clerk_n of_o all_o other_o court_n must_v be_v notar_n but_o the_o clerk_n of_o a_o baron_n court_n need_v not_o be_v a_o nottar_n and_o yet_o the_o decreet_a of_o a_o baron_n for_o a_o unlaw_n will_v be_v sustain_v found_v upon_o a_o confession_n though_o the_o confession_n be_v not_o subscribe_v as_o be_v observe_v by_o durie_n the_o penult_n of_o january_n 1622._o but_o by_o a_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la it_o be_v ordain_v that_o no_o sentence_n of_o any_o inferior_a court_n
probation_n shall_v be_v lead_v in_o presence_n of_o the_o assizer_n 10._o the_o assize_n after_o enclosure_n can_v speak_v to_o no_o man_n 11._o how_o the_o assize_n ought_v to_o proceed_v after_o they_o be_v enclose_v 12._o wilful_a error_n in_o assiser_n how_o punish_v and_o by_o who_o i._o all_z judgement_n be_v at_o first_o pronounce_v by_o neighbour_n and_o thus_o among_o the_o roman_n be_v centum_fw-la viralia_fw-la judicia_fw-la and_o among_o the_o feudalist_n pares_fw-la curie_n be_v only_a judge_n in_o place_n of_o which_o last_o come_v our_o assize_n in_o france_n england_n and_o scotland_n they_o be_v call_v a_o condign_a inquest_n because_o these_o shall_v be_v pares_fw-la â—uriae_fw-la &_o ita_fw-la condigni_fw-la the_o word_n assize_n be_v original_o french_a and_o signify_v proper_o sit_v or_o session_n les_fw-fr assize_n sont_fw-fr les_fw-fr grands_fw-fr jours_fw-fr plaids_n solemnel_n roy_fw-fr charles_n anno._n 1413._o vid._n judicem_fw-la regean_n verb._n assize_n where_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o assize_n in_o french_a signify_v a_o judicator_n and_o in_o our_o law_n it_o be_v often_o take_v for_o a_o constitution_n or_o statute_n which_o be_v make_v by_o that_o session_n or_o sit_v of_o the_o judge_n and_o thus_o the_o statute_n of_o king_n david_n be_v call_v assisa_fw-la regis_fw-la davidis_fw-la and_o assisa_fw-la terrae_fw-la be_v call_v the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n assisa_n be_v likewise_o sometime_o call_v a_o measour_n and_o thus_o it_o be_v say_v ja._n 3._o pa._n 14._o cap._n 110._o that_o the_o barrel_n shall_v contain_v the_o assize_n and_o measour_n of_o 14._o gallon_n and_o the_o assisa_fw-la halâ—cum_fw-la or_o assize_n of_o herring_n signify_v a_o certain_a quantity_n and_o measure_n of_o herring_n which_o pertain_v to_o the_o king_n as_o a_o part_n of_o his_o custom_n ja._n 6._o pa._n 15._o cap._n 237._o and_o in_o the_o french_a law_n it_o signify_v a_o tax_n also_o regean_n ibid._n but_o the_o proper_a acceptation_n of_o the_o word_n assize_n as_o it_o be_v now_o determine_v by_o custom_n be_v to_o signify_v those_o who_o be_v choose_v by_o our_o law_n to_o determine_v either_o in_o civil_a or_o criminal_a case_n the_o matter_n of_o probation_n and_o be_v in_o effect_n neither_o proper_o judge_n nor_o witness_n but_o both_o ii_o for_o the_o more_o exact_a clear_n of_o the_o office_n of_o assizer_n in_o criminal_a case_n the_o reader_n may_v take_v notice_n that_o the_o libel_n always_o beat_v that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi shall_v summon_v a_o assize_n not_o exceed_v forty_o five_o person_n which_o shall_v be_v give_v up_o in_o a_o roll_n to_o the_o messenger_n and_o shall_v be_v subscribe_v by_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi which_o roll_n shall_v be_v annex_v to_o the_o end_n of_o his_o execution_n ja._n 6._o pa._n 6._o cap._n â—6_n but_o albeit_o this_o act_n appoint_v that_o the_o roll_n shall_v be_v subscribe_v by_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi yet_o it_o be_v sustain_v as_o valid_a though_o not_o subscribe_v by_o he_o if_o he_o homologat_v and_o ratify_v the_o execution_n give_v in_o by_o the_o messenger_n albeit_o it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o the_o summond_v of_o assize_n be_v eo_fw-la casu_fw-la not_o lawful_a see_v it_o want_v a_o warrant_n this_o subscribe_v list_v be_v by_o the_o foresay_a act_n of_o parliament_n and_o summons_n itself_o appoint_v to_o be_v the_o warrant_n as_o also_o albeit_o by_o the_o act_n the_o messenger_n be_v prohibit_v to_o cite_v any_o more_o than_o forty_o five_o under_o the_o pain_n of_o five_o hundred_o mark_n yet_o the_o execution_n be_v not_o eo_fw-la casu_fw-la declare_v thereby_o to_o be_v unlawful_a and_o by_o that_o act_n it_o be_v likewise_o declare_v that_o upon_o supplication_n the_o lord_n may_v allow_v more_o person_n to_o be_v cite_v then_o forty_o five_o why_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi shall_v have_v have_v the_o choice_n of_o the_o inquest_n may_v be_v doubt_v and_o if_o assizer_n may_v judge_v ex_fw-la propria_fw-la scientia_fw-la it_o will_v appear_v that_o to_o allow_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi the_o choice_n of_o the_o assize_n be_v to_o put_v the_o defender_n absolute_o in_o his_o will_n and_o i_o find_v that_o gail_n l._n 2._o ob_n 34._o conclude_v that_o the_o custom_n of_o some_o place_n allow_v domino_fw-la electionem_fw-la parium_fw-la pares_fw-la apud_fw-la nos_fw-la signify_v assizer_n be_v most_o unreasonable_a quia_fw-la dominus_fw-la ita_fw-la est_fw-la quodam_fw-la modo_fw-la judex_fw-la in_o propria_fw-la causa_fw-la nam_fw-la est_fw-la procul_fw-la dubio_fw-la eos_fw-la electurus_fw-la per_fw-la quos_fw-la se_fw-la victoria_fw-la potiturum_fw-la sperat_fw-la alvarot_n ad_fw-la cap._n 1._o de_fw-fr contrav_fw-mi send_v to_o which_o difficulty_n it_o may_v be_v answer_v in_o defence_n of_o our_o law_n and_o practic_n that_o 1._o where_o the_o advocate_n be_v pursuer_fw-mi it_o be_v presumeable_a that_o he_o will_v be_v most_o just_a and_o that_o he_o will_v proceed_v without_o interest_n or_o malice_n 2._o these_o assizer_n be_v in_o effect_n either_o judge_n or_o witness_n and_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi have_v still_o the_o choice_n of_o both_o judge_n and_o witness_n if_o they_o be_v otherwise_o competent_a 3._o as_o the_o defender_n may_v decline_v they_o if_o there_o be_v any_o reason_n for_o it_o so_o they_o be_v swear_v nor_o be_v it_o presumeable_a that_o any_o will_v be_v so_o impious_a to_o condemn_v a_o man_n to_o die_v to_o please_v other_o upon_o which_o presumption_n our_o law_n lean_v so_o much_o that_o though_o assizer_n condemn_v unjust_o they_o be_v not_o liable_a to_o a_o assize_n of_o error_n as_o be_v believe_v but_o by_o the_o three_o article_n of_o the_o regulation_n 1670._o the_o list_n of_o the_o assizer_n be_v to_o be_v make_v by_o a_o quorum_fw-la of_o the_o justice_n and_o that_o list_n shall_v express_v not_o only_o the_o name_n but_o the_o designation_n of_o the_o assizer_n when_o the_o day_n of_o compearance_n be_v come_v and_o the_o letter_n be_v call_v and_o the_o assizer_n be_v likewise_o call_v and_o each_o absent_a assizer_n be_v for_o his_o absence_n fine_v in_o a_o hundred_o mark_n and_o their_o unlawe_n be_v to_o be_v take_v up_o without_o any_o composition_n ja._n 6._o par._n 12._o cap._n 126._o by_o which_o act_n it_o be_v likewise_o appoint_v that_o a_o act_n be_v to_o be_v extract_v upon_o their_o say_a absence_n and_o be_v to_o be_v deliver_v to_o the_o swearer_n or_o his_o clerk_n within_o six_o day_n thereafter_o that_o letter_n may_v be_v direct_a thereupon_o for_o take_v their_o unlawe_n but_o the_o pain_n of_o ilk_fw-mi absent_a assizer_n at_o a_o justice_n air_n be_v to_o be_v forty_o pound_n ja._n 6._o par._n 11._o cap._n 81._o if_o the_o assizer_n summon_v be_v not_o present_a other_o may_v be_v summon_v at_o the_o bar_n or_o apudacta_fw-la as_o we_o call_v it_o ja._n 4._o par._n 6._o cap._n 94._o when_o the_o assizer_n be_v call_v fifteen_o of_o they_o be_v mark_v and_o then_o the_o dittay_n be_v read_v for_o the_o debate_n upon_o the_o relevancy_n must_v be_v in_o presence_n of_o the_o assize_n ja._n 6._o par._n 1._o cap._n 90._o see_v albeit_o they_o be_v not_o judge_n to_o the_o relevancy_n yet_o since_o they_o be_v judge_n to_o the_o probation_n which_o depend_v much_o upon_o the_o relevancy_n and_o see_v the_o justice_n remit_v several_a defence_n which_o be_v propon_v against_o the_o relevancy_n to_o the_o inquest_n it_o be_v most_o reasonable_a they_o shall_v hear_v the_o debate_n iii_o the_o defence_n against_o the_o relevancy_n begin_v thus_o it_o be_v allege_v by_o a._n c._n as_o procurator_n for_o the_o panel_n that_o the_o panel_n shall_v not_o go_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n because_o etc._n etc._n and_o after_o all_o the_o defence_n be_v discuss_v the_o word_n of_o the_o interlocutor_fw-la bear_v that_o the_o justice_n either_o sustain_v or_o repel_v the_o defence_n and_o find_v or_o find_v not_o that_o the_o panel_n shall_v go_v or_o not_o go_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n and_o if_o the_o justice_n find_v the_o panel_n shall_v go_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n either_o the_o panel_n confess_v &_o quia_fw-la in_o confessum_fw-la nullae_fw-la sunt_fw-la part_n judicis_fw-la therefore_o he_o may_v be_v banish_v or_o scourge_v without_o be_v put_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o assize_n as_o in_o rutherfoord_v case_n the_o 9_o of_o july_n 1622_o and_o in_o job_n case_n who_o be_v scourge_v and_o banish_v for_o bigamy_n without_o a_o assize_n 19_o january_n 1650._o but_o if_o the_o crime_n be_v capital_a or_o the_o panel_n do_v not_o willing_o acquiesce_v to_o the_o punishment_n it_o be_v still_o secure_a to_o put_v the_o panel_n to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n because_o the_o justice_n be_v only_o competent_a judge_n to_o the_o relevancy_n and_o the_o inquest_n only_o can_v find_v the_o libel_n prove_v iv._o albeit_o it_o be_v a_o receive_a principle_n in_o our_o law_n that_o the_o justice_n
express_o treason_n by_o the_o 6._o parl._n k._n ja._n 2._o cap._n 14._o whereby_o it_o be_v statute_n that_o none_o rebel_v against_o the_o king_n person_n or_o authority_n and_o the_o house_n be_v here_o garrison_v to_o defend_v against_o the_o sheriff_n who_o be_v come_v to_o eject_v in_o his_o majesty_n name_n to_o resist_v he_o be_v to_o resist_v his_o majesty_n authority_n and_o be_v garrison_v in_o furtherance_n of_o rebel_n and_o rebellion_n it_o be_v treason_n by_o the_o 25._o act_n 6._o parl._n k._n ja._n 2._o likeas_n the_o convocation_n be_v of_o about_o 400._o man_n or_o thereby_o under_o the_o command_n of_o captain_n ensign_n and_o other_o officer_n it_o be_v likewise_o treason_n by_o the_o 75._o act_n 9_o parl._n q._n m._n and_o the_o 5._o act._n 1._o parl._n ch._n 2._o the_o justice_n do_v find_v the_o garrison_n of_o the_o house_n not_o relevant_a to_o infer_v treason_n but_o only_o to_o infer_v the_o punishment_n of_o deforcement_n whereupon_o the_o pursuer_n be_v force_v to_o allege_v of_o new_a that_o they_o insist_v against_o he_o for_o have_v garrison_v his_o house_n after_o the_o publication_n of_o the_o letter_n of_o fire_n and_o sword_n raise_v at_o the_o pursuer_n instance_n against_o assint_fw-la upon_o which_o debate_n they_o find_v that_o the_o garrison_n and_o provide_v of_o the_o house_n after_o the_o publication_n of_o the_o letter_n of_o fire_n and_o sword_n be_v relevant_a to_o infer_v the_o punishment_n of_o treason_n likeas_n they_o refuse_v to_o sustain_v that_o article_n wherein_o be_v libel_v the_o raise_n of_o man_n and_o the_o dispose_n they_o in_o company_n under_o colour_n to_o be_v relevant_a except_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o they_o be_v a_o hundred_o man_n or_o upward_o and_o be_v under_o colour_n or_o muster_v or_o under_o weekly_a or_o daily_o pay_v and_o that_o all_o this_o be_v do_v after_o the_o publication_n of_o the_o letter_n of_o fire_n and_o sword_n both_o which_o interlocutor_n seem_v surprise_v for_o as_o to_o the_o first_o it_o seem_v that_o the_o garrison_n of_o any_o house_n against_o a_o sheriff_n or_o any_o judge_n be_v to_o garrison_n it_o against_o the_o king_n '_o authority_n for_o a_o sheriff_n do_v represent_v the_o king_n in_o his_o authority_n as_o much_o as_o any_o soldier_n do_v and_o it_o be_v undeniable_a that_o to_o garrison_n house_n against_o the_o king_n soldier_n be_v treason_n nor_o can_v it_o be_v deny_v but_o that_o if_o this_o be_v allow_v no_o sentence_n can_v receive_v execution_n in_o scotland_n since_o every_o man_n may_v garrison_n his_o house_n and_o every_o man_n may_v deny_v that_o he_o garrison_v his_o house_n against_o the_o king_n and_o to_o put_v in_o a_o garrison_n and_o authorise_v they_o to_o defend_v the_o house_n be_v so_o clear_o a_o warlike_a action_n that_o there_o be_v no_o place_n leave_v to_o debate_v upon_o intention_n and_o though_o the_o defend_n house_n be_v ordinary_o pursue_v as_o deforcement_n yet_o the_o formal_a garrison_n of_o it_o import_v much_o more_o and_o the_o commission_n of_o fire_n and_o sword_n do_v not_o add_v any_o thing_n to_o the_o crime_n commit_v in_o garrison_v the_o house_n for_o the_o design_n of_o such_o letter_n be_v only_o to_o warrant_n and_o command_v the_o liedge_n to_o prosecute_v they_o as_o rebel_n so_o that_o before_o the_o raise_n of_o the_o letter_n they_o be_v account_v open_a and_o notorious_a rebel_n for_o letter_n of_o fire_n and_o sword_n be_v only_o grant_v against_o such_o and_o therefore_o assint_fw-la in_o garrison_v his_o house_n to_o defend_v such_o do_v express_o commit_v treason_n against_o the_o 25._o act_n 6._o par._n ja._n 2._o the_o second_o part_n of_o the_o interlocutor_fw-la seem_v likewise_o very_o hard_o for_o raise_v man_n in_o fear_n of_o war_n and_o list_v they_o under_o colour_n or_o swear_v they_o to_o colour_n be_v certain_o exercitum_fw-la comparare_fw-la though_o there_o be_v no_o commission_n of_o fire_n or_o sword_n for_o the_o design_n of_o these_o letter_n be_v not_o to_o make_v a_o traitor_n but_o to_o prosecute_v actual_a rebel_n and_o though_o this_o army_n be_v not_o levy_v to_o oppose_v immediate_o the_o king_n government_n yet_o even_o to_o raise_v a_o army_n within_o the_o kingdom_n though_o no_o design_n can_v be_v prove_v be_v treason_n for_o that_o be_v to_o usurp_v the_o king_n power_n but_o much_o more_o be_v this_o criminal_a when_o the_o levy_n be_v make_v upon_o the_o wicked_a design_n of_o oppose_v the_o execution_n of_o the_o king_n law_n to_o see_v which_o execute_v be_v the_o chief_a part_n of_o his_o kingly_a government_n and_o it_o be_v clear_a by_o the_o foresay_a 17_o act_n 6._o parl._n ja._n 2._o that_o it_o be_v treason_n to_o make_v war_n against_o the_o king_n liedge_n against_o his_o forbid_v and_o if_o any_o do_v the_o king_n be_v to_o gang_n upon_o they_o with_o assistance_n of_o the_o hall_n land_n and_o to_o punish_v they_o after_o the_o quality_n of_o their_o trespass_n viii_o the_o five_o point_n of_o treason_n be_v to_o assail_v castle_n or_o place_n where_o the_o king_n reside_v or_o be_v for_o the_o time_n ibid._n but_o this_o must_v be_v only_o understand_v to_o be_v treason_n if_o the_o assaulter_n know_v the_o king_n to_o be_v there_o or_o if_o he_o be_v not_o upon_o design_n to_o rescue_v he_o quo_fw-la casu_fw-la he_o must_v be_v warrant_v by_o the_o estate_n as_o say_v be_v ix_o the_o six_o point_n of_o treason_n be_v to_o raise_v a_o fray_n in_o the_o king_n host_n or_o army_n wilful_o ja._n 2._o parl._n 12._o act_n 54._o upon_o which_o act_n the_o mr._n of_o forbes_n be_v hang_v for_o raise_v sedition_n in_o the_o king_n host_n at_o jedburgh_n 14._o july_n 1537._o x._o the_o seven_o point_n of_o treason_n be_v to_o trouble_v any_o who_o kill_v a_o declare_a traitor_n which_o act_n extend_v only_o to_o the_o kin_n friend_n fortifier_n and_o maintainer_n of_o these_o who_o be_v kill_v as_o traitor_n because_o it_o be_v presumeable_a that_o when_o these_o who_o be_v so_o relate_v trouble_v the_o killer_n it_o be_v presumeable_a the_o trouble_n arise_v upon_o that_o account_n 2._o these_o relation_n be_v discharge_v to_o bear_v the_o killer_n any_o grudge_n or_o injure_v they_o by_o word_n or_o writ_n nota_fw-la it_o appear_v that_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o grudge_n need_v not_o be_v prove_v but_o be_v presume_v presumption_n juris_fw-la &_o de_fw-la jure_fw-la for_o here_o lex_fw-la praesumit_fw-la &_o disponit_fw-la super_fw-la praesumpto_fw-la xi_o the_o eight_o point_n of_o treason_n be_v to_o impugn_v the_o dignity_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o three_o estate_n or_o to_o seek_v and_o procure_v the_o innovation_n and_o diminution_n of_o their_o power_n or_o authority_n act_n 130_o parl._n 8._o ja._n 6._o but_o this_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o a_o direct_a impugn_v of_o their_o authority_n as_o if_o one_o contend_v that_o parliament_n be_v not_o necessary_a or_o that_o one_o of_o the_o three_o estate_n may_v be_v turn_v out_o xii_o the_o nine_o point_n of_o treason_n be_v to_o decline_v the_o king_n authority_n or_o the_o authority_n of_o his_o council_n in_o any_o case_n whether_o spiritual_a or_o temporal_a and_o the_o king_n council_n be_v declare_v to_o be_v judge_n competent_a to_o all_o cause_n whatsoever_o whether_o spiritual_a or_o temporal_a of_o what_o ever_o degree_n or_o function_n the_o defender_n who_o be_v summon_v shall_v be_v act_n 129._o parl._n 8._o k._n ja._n 6._o which_o act_n be_v make_v to_o repress_v the_o insolence_n of_o the_o ministry_n who_o about_o that_o time_n use_v constant_o to_o decline_v the_o king_n authority_n in_o ecclesiastic_a matter_n conform_v to_o which_o act_n mr._n andrew_n crightoun_n be_v sentence_v to_o be_v hang_v and_o demain_v as_o traitor_n septemb_n 1610._o and_o mr._n james_n guthrie_n be_v execute_v in_o anno_fw-la 1662._o for_o decline_v the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n jurisdiction_n at_o strivil_v when_o he_o be_v challenge_v for_o some_o word_n speak_v in_o the_o pulpit_n from_o this_o act_n it_o may_v be_v observe_v that_o the_o king_n be_v in_o his_o own_o person_n judge_v competent_a over_o all_o cause_n and_o all_o person_n even_o though_o the_o pursuit_n be_v at_o his_o own_o instance_n which_o will_v appear_v both_o from_o the_o rubric_n and_o statutory_a part_n of_o the_o act_n albeit_o regulariter_fw-la no_o man_n can_v be_v judge_n in_o his_o own_o cause_n xiii_o the_o ten_o point_n of_o treason_n be_v to_o conceal_v and_o not_o reveal_v treason_n but_o conceal_v in_o this_o case_n be_v not_o treason_n except_o the_o concealer_n can_v have_v prove_v it_o for_o else_o he_o have_v by_o reveal_v and_o not_o prove_v make_v himself_o guilty_a of_o treason_n this_o conceal_n of_o treason_n be_v by_o the_o english_a law_n call_v misprision_n of_o treason_n and_o be_v punish_v only_o