the_o canon_n robbery_n be_v finable_a the_o different_a law_n between_o the_o saxon_n commandment_n angles_n and_o dane_n now_o by_o the_o norman_n be_v settle_v in_o the_o more_o merciful_a way_n and_o in_o case_n the_o delinquent_n make_v flight_n the_o pledge_n satisfy_v the_o law_n for_o he_o but_o in_o the_o latter_a time_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o the_o law_n be_v again_o reduce_v to_o the_o punishment_n of_o this_o crime_n by_o death_n 4._o and_o so_o have_v continue_v there_o shall_v be_v true_a weight_n and_o measure_n throughout_o the_o kingdom_n hovedon_n and_o those_o shall_v be_v seal_v commandment_n and_o this_o be_v the_o constant_a saxon_n law._n 57_o perjury_n to_o be_v punish_v by_o fine_a and_o as_o former_o still_o inquirable_a among_o the_o crown-plea_n 10._o chap._n li._n the_o like_a of_o law_n that_o concern_v common_a interest_n of_o good_n if_o cattle_n be_v take_v by_o distress_n the_o party_n that_o will_v replevy_v they_o shall_v pay_v for_o the_o return_n of_o the_o cattle_n 6._o and_o give_v security_n to_o bring_v the_o distress_n into_o the_o court_n if_o with_o within_o a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n it_o be_v demand_v this_o law_n i_o take_v to_o be_v intend_v where_o the_o cattle_n be_v take_v damage_n feasant_a because_o nothing_o shall_v release_v the_o distress_n in_o other_o case_n but_o obedience_n to_o the_o summons_n no_o distress_n ad_fw-la comparendum_fw-la shall_v be_v take_v but_o after_o three_o several_a summons_n and_o so_o many_o default_n make_v 42._o and_o in_o such_o case_n distress_n shall_v issue_v by_o especial_a order_n from_o the_o county-court_n i_o note_v this_o partly_o to_o show_v the_o difference_n of_o the_o norman_n from_o the_o saxon_n in_o the_o delay_n of_o execution_n of_o justice_n by_o so_o much_o mean_a process_n and_o partly_o to_o show_v the_o difference_n between_o the_o norman_a time_n and_o these_o day_n wherein_o man_n cattle_n lie_v open_a to_o the_o distress_n of_o every_o oppress_a or_o extort_v bailiff_n or_o unknown_a person_n and_o no_o summons_n make_v at_o all_o whereby_o many_o poor_a man_n estate_n be_v either_o undo_v or_o they_o must_v submit_v to_o the_o unjust_a demand_n of_o their_o adversary_n no_o manner_n of_o good_n of_o above_o four_o penny_n in_o value_n shall_v be_v buy_v unless_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o four_o witness_n of_o the_o town_n 43._o and_o the_o vendor_n shall_v satisfy_v out_o of_o his_o own_o estate_n if_o the_o sale_n be_v not_o effectual_a and_o in_o case_n the_o vendor_n have_v no_o warrant_n for_o such_o good_n by_o he_o sold._n no_o live_a cattle_n shall_v be_v sell_v but_o only_o in_o city_n and_o before_o three_o witness_n nor_o shall_v any_o thing_n forbid_v be_v sell_v without_o warranty_n 60._o no_o fair_n or_o market_n shall_v be_v hold_v but_o only_o in_o city_n borough_n wall'd-town_n and_o castle_n 61._o these_o law_n concern_v sale_n and_o market_n be_v ancient_a saxon_a law_n and_o tend_v all_o to_o the_o avoid_n of_o cheat_a man_n of_o their_o cattle_n by_o surreptitious_a sale_n of_o they_o make_v by_o such_o as_o have_v no_o right_n good_n find_v shall_v be_v publish_v by_o the_o finder_n to_o the_o neighbourhood_n and_o if_o any_o make_v claim_n and_o proof_n of_o they_o to_o be_v his_o 7._o he_o shall_v have_v they_o giving_z security_n to_o bring_v they_o into_o the_o court_n in_o case_n any_o other_o shall_v within_o a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n make_v his_o claim_n thereto_o the_o child_n of_o person_n intestete_a shall_v equal_o divide_v the_o heritage_n 36._o this_o be_v in_o terminis_fw-la the_o saxon_a law_n and_o therefore_o concern_v it_o i_o shall_v refer_v to_o the_o same_o former_o recite_v only_o i_o shall_v add_v hereto_o the_o law_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o 1._o which_o may_v serve_v as_o a_o explanation_n of_o the_o former_a any_o freeman_n may_v devise_v his_o chattel_n by_o will_n and_o if_o he_o die_v intestate_a his_o wife_n child_n parent_n or_o next_o kin_n shall_v divide_v the_o same_o for_o his_o soul_n good_a the_o first_o branch_n whereof_o be_v ancient_a and_o doubtless_o in_o continual_a use_n but_o the_o iniquity_n of_o the_o norman_a rude_a time_n be_v such_o that_o the_o lord_n under_o surmise_n of_o arrear_n or_o relief_n will_v seize_v all_o the_o personal_a estate_n after_o the_o tenant_n death_n and_o so_o the_o right_a of_o last_o will_n be_v swallow_v up_o but_o this_o restore_v the_o power_n of_o last_o will_n into_o its_o place_n anâ—_n in_o case_n the_o party_n die_v intestate_a preserve_v a_o kind_n of_o nature_n of_o descent_n although_o they_o be_v more_o personal_a nor_o do_v that_o last_o clause_n of_o the_o soul_n good_a disannul_v the_o same_o although_o the_o word_n may_v seem_v to_o carry_v away_o the_o benefit_n to_o some_o other_o hand_n for_o the_o whole_a matter_n be_v leave_v to_o the_o discretion_n of_o such_o as_o be_v next_o to_o the_o intestate_a chap._n lii_o of_o law_n that_o concern_v common_a interest_n of_o land_n the_o law_n that_o concern_v land_n and_o peculiar_o belong_v to_o the_o norman_n be_v such_o as_o concern_v principal_o the_o tenure_n of_o land_n which_o if_o due_o consider_v although_o savour_v somewhat_o of_o the_o king_n yet_o little_a of_o the_o conqueror_n for_o general_o it_o must_v be_v grant_v that_o tenor_n long_o before_o and_o after_o this_o time_n be_v as_o the_o service_n order_v according_a to_o the_o will_n of_o the_o giver_n in_o which_o as_o the_o king_n have_v the_o great_a share_n and_o he_o the_o most_o public_a person_n of_o all_o so_o be_v his_o donation_n order_v chief_o to_o advance_v the_o public_a service_n and_o in_o this_o regard_n the_o tenure_n by_o knight_n service_n may_v more_o principal_o challenge_v the_o king_n regard_n than_o the_o regard_n of_o all_o the_o great_a man_n beside_o but_o this_o be_v not_o the_o sore_n yea_o rather_o it_o be_v the_o beauty_n and_o strength_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o for_o which_o the_o king_n deserve_v a_o honourable_a name_n above_o most_o of_o his_o progenitor_n who_o have_v not_o so_o much_o land_n to_o dispose_v of_o as_o he_o have_v and_o therefore_o can_v not_o advance_v that_o service_n in_o any_o proportion_n equal_a unto_o he_o the_o sore_n that_o cause_v so_o many_o sigh_n be_v the_o encumbrance_n raise_v upon_o this_o most_o noble_a and_o free_a service_n which_o through_o the_o evil_a of_o time_n by_o this_o mean_n become_v the_o most_o burdensome_a and_o the_o only_o loathe_a and_o abhor_a service_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n i_o say_v through_o the_o evil_a of_o time_n for_o it_o can_v lodge_v in_o my_o thought_n but_o that_o in_o the_o norman_a time_n the_o encumbrance_n be_v nothing_o so_o great_a as_o of_o latter_a age_n and_o that_o much_o have_v be_v impute_v to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o conqueror_n which_o they_o never_o deserve_v as_o may_v appear_v in_o these_o particular_n which_o the_o law_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o have_v preserve_v in_o memory_n tenant_n of_o the_o king_n 1213._o or_o other_o lord_n die_v his_o heir_n shall_v pay_v no_o other_o relief_n than_o what_o by_o law_n be_v due_a that_o which_o by_o law_n be_v due_a be_v set_v down_o in_o the_o law_n of_o william_n the_o conqueror_n the_o relief_n of_o a_o earl._n 1â—_n 8_o horse_n saddle_v and_o bridle_v 4_o helmet_n 4_o coat_n of_o mail._n 4._o shield_n 4_o spear_n 4_o sword_n 4_o chaser_n 1_o palfrey_n bridle_v and_o saddle_v the_o relief_n of_o a_o baron_n 4_o horse_n with_o saddle_n and_o bridle_n 23._o 2_o helmet_n 2_o coat_n of_o mail._n 2_o shield_n 2_o spear_n 2_o sword_n 2_o chaser_n 1_o palfrey_n bridle_v and_o saddle_v the_o relief_n of_o a_o vovasor_n to_o his_o lord_n his_o best_a horse_n 24._o his_o helmet_n his_o coat_n of_o mail._n his_o shield_n his_o spear_n his_o sword._n or_o if_o he_o have_v no_o arm_n than_o he_o be_v to_o pay_v s._n 100_o the_o relief_n of_o the_o countryman_n be_v the_o best_a beast_n that_o be_v in_o his_o possession_n 29._o and_o of_o he_o that_o farm_v his_o land_n a_o year_n rend_v these_o be_v the_o relief_n due_a by_o law_n and_o now_o settle_v in_o good_n or_o arm_n but_o afterward_o turn_v into_o money_n and_o it_o be_v likely_a that_o the_o ill_a custom_n in_o the_o former_a time_n do_v extort_v both_o money_n and_o arm_n or_o such_o sum_n of_o money_n as_o they_o please_v and_o by_o the_o very_a word_n of_o the_o law_n it_o seem_v they_o have_v bring_v it_o to_o a_o arbitrary_a power_n to_o take_v what_o they_o can_v get_v and_o yet_o all_o against_o law._n the_o king_n tenant_n shall_v advise_v with_o the_o king_n in_o marriage_n of_o his_o daughter_n sister_n niece_n or_o kinswoman_n and_o his_o widow_n in_o like_a manner_n marriage_n the_o sense_n hereof_o in_o short_a be_v that_o these_o may_v
wax_v weak_a by_o the_o weakness_n of_o their_o estate_n now_o waste_v by_o the_o civil_a war_n therefore_o in_o edward_n the_o second_v time_n a_o law_n be_v make_v to_o restrain_v the_o felony_n in_o such_o case_n only_o to_o the_o breach_n of_o prison_n by_o such_o as_o be_v commit_v for_o felony_n and_o as_o touch_v imprisonment_n upon_o excommunication_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o within_o five_o year_n before_o the_o make_n of_o this_o law_n paris_n it_o be_v complain_v that_o such_o be_v set_v at_o liberty_n by_o the_o king_n be_v write_v the_o homine_fw-la replegiando_fw-la without_o the_o bishop_n consent_n but_o now_o the_o clergy_n have_v get_v the_o day_n of_o the_o law_n which_o do_v much_o decline_v from_o that_o guard_n of_o imprisonment_n but_o hate_v perpetual_a imprisonment_n nor_o be_v this_o complaint_n ground_v upon_o any_o other_o law_n than_o that_o of_o the_o canon_n for_o the_o common_a law_n ever_o hold_v the_o supreme_a cognizance_n of_o excommunication_n within_o its_o own_o power_n as_o upon_o the_o writ_n de_fw-fr quare_fw-la excommunicato_fw-la may_v appear_v other_o crime_n be_v yet_o also_o by_o this_o law_n allow_v bail_n such_o as_o be_v person_n indict_v of_o larceny_n before_o sheriff_n etc._n etc._n person_n imprison_v upon_o slight_a ground_n receiver_n and_o accessory_n before_o felony_n trespasser_n person_n appeal_v by_o prover_n after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o approver_n if_o bail_n be_v grant_v otherwise_o than_o the_o law_n allow_v the_o party_n that_o allow_v the_o same_o shall_v be_v fine_v imprison_a render_v damage_n or_o forfeit_v his_o place_n as_o the_o case_n shall_v require_v and_o thus_o the_o iniquity_n of_o the_o time_n be_v so_o great_a as_o it_o even_o force_v the_o subject_n to_o forgo_v that_o which_o be_v in_o account_n a_o great_a liberty_n to_o stop_v the_o course_n of_o a_o grow_a mischief_n publisher_n of_o false_a news_n 34._o whereby_o discord_n or_o slander_n may_v arise_v between_o the_o king_n and_o his_o people_n shall_v be_v imprison_v till_o he_o produce_v the_o relator_n it_o be_v therefore_o a_o offence_n against_o the_o crown_n to_o procure_v or_o maintain_v a_o ill_a conceit_n in_o the_o king_n of_o the_o people_n or_o a_o ill_a conceit_n in_o the_o people_n of_o the_o king_n and_o it_o be_v as_o well_o a_o offence_n against_o the_o crown_n for_o the_o king_n to_o conceive_v ill_o of_o his_o people_n as_o for_o they_o of_o he_o but_o all_o must_v be_v ground_v upon_o falsehood_n for_o truth_n respect_v no_o man_n person_n and_o all_o man_n be_v equal_o bind_v by_o the_o woe_n if_o they_o call_v good_a evil_n or_o evil_a good_a although_o difference_n must_v be_v make_v in_o the_o manner_n of_o representation_n and_o upon_o this_o ground_n of_o maintain_v strife_n 1._o be_v a_o law_n make_v also_o against_o conspiracy_n to_o make_v or_o maintain_v indictment_n suit_n or_o quarrel_n and_o it_o be_v likewise_o finable_a redisseisor_n and_o postdisseisor_n find_v upon_o verdict_n before_o the_o sheriff_n 3._o coroner_n and_o knight_n shall_v be_v imprison_v former_o redisseisin_n be_v under_o no_o other_o law_n than_o that_o of_o desseisin_n but_o by_o this_o law_n make_v a_o matter_n belong_v to_o the_o crown_n and_o try_v before_o the_o same_o judge_n that_o have_v the_o power_n of_o enquiry_n of_o all_o offence_n against_o the_o crown_n 8._o the_o penalty_n of_o imprisonment_n in_o this_o case_n be_v to_o be_v without_o bail_n but_o only_o by_o the_o king_n be_v write_v the_o homine_fw-la replegiando_fw-la and_o yet_o even_o thus_o the_o penalty_n be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o restrain_v the_o offence_n and_o therefore_o a_o law_n be_v make_v to_o abridge_v the_o power_n of_o that_o writ_n 26._o as_o touch_v such_o offender_n and_o they_o become_v irremediable_a as_o touch_v their_o liberty_n by_o that_o writ_n beside_o that_o upon_o recovery_n have_v against_o they_o they_o lose_v double_a damage_n trespasser_n in_o park_n and_o fishpond_n convict_v within_o a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n 10._o shall_v render_v damage_n suffer_v imprisonment_n for_o three_o year_n and_o give_v security_n of_o good_a behaviour_n for_o time_n to_o come_v if_o any_o beast_n be_v take_v in_o a_o felonious_a manner_n he_o shall_v be_v proceed_v against_o as_o a_o robber_n from_o the_o time_n of_o king_n steven_n the_o lord_n and_o great_a man_n endeavour_v to_o advance_v their_o power_n and_o greatness_n so_o high_a above_o the_o mean_a sort_n of_o free_a man_n as_o they_o make_v king_n continual_o jealous_a of_o their_o power_n castle_n have_v be_v a_o bone_n of_o long_a contention_n between_o they_o but_o they_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n take_v away_o the_o strife_n be_v about_o prison_n and_o power_n to_o imprison_v offender_n and_o that_o also_o after_o much_o opposition_n they_o lay_v aside_o yet_o the_o violence_n of_o these_o time_n be_v such_o as_o though_o felony_n be_v somewhat_o dread_v trepass_v of_o the_o high_a nature_n be_v little_o regard_v such_o as_o be_v riotous_a hunt_n in_o their_o park_n and_o fish_v in_o their_o water_n the_o lord_n and_o great_a man_n make_v it_o their_o last_o request_n that_o at_o least_o in_o such_o case_n they_o may_v have_v power_n to_o imprison_v such_o as_o they_o find_v so_o trespass_v but_o this_o be_v also_o deny_v they_o 11._o though_o by_o henry_n the_o three_o in_o his_o first_o time_n when_o as_o yet_o the_o government_n be_v not_o worsted_n by_o project_n of_o arbitrary_a power_n or_o corrupt_a counsel_n of_o foreigner_n nor_o himself_o a_o man_n able_a to_o sway_v with_o the_o lord_n in_o matter_n that_o be_v of_o doubtful_a prerogative_n and_o to_o speak_v indifferent_o it_o be_v better_a for_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o subject_a that_o the_o power_n of_o imprisonment_n shall_v be_v regulate_v only_o by_o the_o king_n write_v order_v by_o law_n than_o by_o the_o warrant_n of_o great_a man_n especial_o in_o their_o own_o case_n and_o therefore_o in_o this_o matter_n the_o king_n prerogative_n be_v a_o patron_n to_o the_o free_a man_n liberty_n nevertheless_o these_o great_a man_n give_v not_o thus_o over_o their_o game_n for_o though_o in_o time_n of_o public_a calamity_n little_a place_n be_v leave_v for_o pleasure_n to_o any_o man_n yet_o when_o time_n be_v grow_v to_o more_o quiet_a pleasure_n revive_v and_o the_o great_a man_n renew_v their_o motion_n and_o though_o they_o can_v not_o obtain_v prison_n to_o their_o own_o use_n as_o they_o endeavour_v at_o the_o meeting_n at_o merton_n yet_o now_o they_o obtain_v the_o king_n prison_n to_o the_o use_n of_o a_o law_n that_o be_v as_o good_a as_o their_o own_o and_o thereby_o satisfy_v their_o own_o displeasure_n for_o the_o loss_n of_o their_o pleasure_n and_o yet_o this_o law_n suffice_v they_o not_o but_o they_o obtain_v a_o further_a privilege_n 1._o that_o such_o person_n as_o be_v find_v so_o trespass_v and_o refuse_v to_o submit_v may_v be_v kill_v without_o peril_n of_o felony_n chap._n lxx_o of_o the_o militia_n during_o these_o king_n reign_n the_o soldiery_n of_o england_n may_v be_v consider_v first_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o person_n second_o their_o arms._n three_o their_o service_n the_o person_n be_v as_o former_o not_o only_o such_o as_o be_v milites_fw-la or_o tenant_n in_o knight-service_n but_o also_o such_o as_o serve_v at_o the_o plough_n and_o concern_v they_o both_o it_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v what_o the_o law_n make_v by_o edw._n the_o 2_o d._n hold_v forth_o all_o such_o as_o ought_v to_o be_v knight_n and_o be_v not_o shall_v be_v distrain_v to_o undertake_v the_o weapon_n of_o knighthood_n if_o they_o show_v not_o cause_n to_o the_o contrary_n regular_o all_o tenant_n by_o knight-service_n ought_v to_o be_v knight_n but_o de_fw-la facto_fw-la be_v not_o so_o as_o in_o these_o time_n there_o be_v a_o further_a work_n to_o make_v a_o man_n a_o knight_n than_o his_o bare_a tenure_n for_o such_o only_o be_v milites_fw-la facti_fw-la who_o have_v both_o land_n sufficient_a to_o maintain_v the_o arm_n and_o state_n of_o a_o knight_n and_o also_o a_o body_n fit_a to_o undertake_v the_o service_n in_o his_o own_o person_n and_o whereof_o he_o have_v give_v sufficient_a proof_n the_o field_n other_o that_o have_v land_n either_o have_v not_o sufficient_a maintenance_n or_o not_o habiliment_n of_o person_n and_o as_o not_o expect_v be_v lay_v aside_o of_o this_o sort_n be_v many_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o late_a civil_a war_n in_o which_o they_o have_v much_o impair_v both_o their_o body_n and_o estate_n this_o render_v the_o strength_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o militia_n so_o much_o decay_v and_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n so_o weary_v that_o they_o begin_v to_o love_v ease_n before_o the_o time_n will_v brook_v it_o and_o a_o cessation_n from_o arm_n before_o they_o have_v any_o mind_n to_o peace_n the_o parliament_n
author_n recite_v another_o example_n of_o his_o justice_n against_o another_o of_o his_o justice_n for_o put_v one_o to_o death_n without_o precedent_n render_v the_o king_n reason_n for_o that_o the_o king_n and_o his_o commissioner_n ought_v to_o determine_v such_o case_n except_v those_o lord_n in_o who_o precinct_n the_o king_n writ_n pass_v not_o chap._n xxx_o of_o francheses_n of_o the_o person_n francheses_n of_o the_o person_n be_v such_o liberty_n annex_v unto_o the_o person_n as_o be_v not_o absolute_a lordship_n but_o only_o tend_v thereto_o and_o limit_v within_o a_o precinct_n but_o not_o annex_v thereto_o and_o these_o be_v matter_n of_o profit_n rather_o than_o power_n as_o those_o of_o bury_n st._n edmond_n doncaster_n dorchester_n circester_n all_o which_o be_v in_o the_o saxon_a time_n 5._o and_o these_o or_o some_o of_o they_o have_v juridical_a power_n in_o case_n of_o felony_n and_o robbery_n arise_v within_o that_o precinct_n infangtheoff_n so_o as_o the_o delinquent_n be_v both_o inhabitant_n and_o take_v within_o the_o same_o this_o be_v call_v infangtheoff_n and_o if_o upon_o fresh_a pursuit_n make_v by_o the_o right_a owner_n or_o possessor_n the_o delinquent_n be_v take_v with_o the_o prey_n in_o his_o possession_n or_o as_o the_o old_a dialect_n be_v handhaben_fw-ge backhearend_a 26._o then_o be_v he_o carry_v immediate_o before_o the_o coroner_n of_o that_o liberty_n and_o the_o sakeber_n or_o party_n wrong_v make_v his_o proof_n by_o witness_n and_o thereupon_o judgement_n forthwith_o pass_v without_o answer_n and_o execution_n immediate_o ensue_v some_o liberty_n have_v outfangtheoff_n that_o be_v the_o trial_n and_o forfeiture_n of_o such_o delinquent_n outfangtheoff_n be_v no_o inhabitant_n and_o yet_o take_v within_o the_o liberty_n or_o inhabitant_n and_o not_o take_v within_o the_o liberty_n 35._o but_o this_o trial_n be_v always_o by_o jury_n the_o antiquity_n of_o these_o liberty_n be_v not_o obscure_o manifest_v in_o their_o name_n 15._o and_o more_o clear_o by_o the_o saxon_a law_n and_o act_n for_o it_o be_v observe_v of_o alfred_n 21._o that_o he_o seize_v a_o franche_n of_o infangtheoff_n because_o the_o lord_n of_o that_o franche_n will_v not_o send_v a_o felon_n take_v within_o his_o liberty_n for_o a_o felony_n commit_v without_o the_o same_o to_o the_o goal_n of_o the_o county_n as_o he_o ought_v to_o have_v do_v 1._o other_o liberty_n there_o be_v grant_v also_o by_o charter_n a_o taste_n whereof_o may_v be_v see_v in_o one_o grant_v make_v by_o king_n edgar_n to_o the_o monastery_n of_o glastenbury_n wherein_o be_v grant_v sack_n hamsockne_v friderbrece_n forstel_n teme_n flemone_n ferdre_fw-fr hundred_o setene_n sock_n tholl_n adae_fw-la horda_fw-mi bufan_n orderan_n bene_n orderan_n the_o particular_a nature_n of_o each_o may_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o glossaries_n all_o of_o they_o be_v allow_v to_o the_o crown_n by_o the_o law_n and_o by_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o council_n of_o lord_n grant_v over_o to_o these_o grantee_n in_o nature_n of_o deputy_n to_o the_o king_n to_o possess_v both_o the_o power_n and_o profit_n thereto_o belong_v chap._n xxxi_o of_o manor_n nevertheless_o most_o of_o these_o liberty_n if_o not_o all_o of_o they_o be_v many_o time_n grant_v by_o king_n as_o appendant_a to_o manor_n which_o be_v francheses_n of_o small_a circuit_n be_v at_o the_o first_o portion_n of_o ground_n grant_v to_o some_o particular_a person_n and_o by_o they_o subdivide_v and_o grant_v over_o to_o particular_a person_n to_o hold_v of_o the_o grantor_n by_o rent_n service_n and_o suit_n to_o one_o court_n all_o be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o spoil_n of_o war_n and_o reward_n of_o valour_n or_o other_o service_n these_o in_o their_o collective_a nature_n be_v call_v a_o manor_n and_o by_o continuance_n of_o time_n become_v a_o kind_n of_o body_n politic_a in_o antiquity_n it_o be_v call_v mansum_fw-la from_o the_o mansion-house_n although_o it_o be_v not_o of_o the_o essence_n of_o a_o manor_n nor_o ought_v the_o word_n of_o bracton_n to_o be_v construe_v according_a to_o the_o literal_a sense_n 212._o for_o the_o house_n may_v be_v destroy_v and_o yet_o the_o manor_n continue_v and_o the_o ground_n be_v grant_v in_o tenure_n before_o any_o house_n build_v thereupon_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o ground_n thus_o give_v to_o hold_v by_o service_n be_v according_a to_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o lord_n more_o or_o less_o and_o therefore_o may_v extend_v into_o divers_a parish_n as_o on_o the_o other_o part_n one_o town_n may_v comprehend_v divers_a manor_n the_o estate_n that_o be_v grant_v depend_v partly_o on_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o grantee_n 15._o for_o some_o be_v servi_fw-la or_o bondman_n and_o their_o estate_n be_v altogether_o at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n as_o be_v also_o the_o benefit_n but_o the_o servant_n merit_n and_o the_o lord_n benignity_n concur_v with_o some_o conscience_n of_o religion_n as_o the_o light_n grow_v more_o clear_a abate_v the_o rigour_n of_o the_o tenure_n into_o that_o which_o we_o now_o call_v copyhold_n other_o estate_n be_v make_v to_o the_o free_a man_n which_o in_o the_o first_o time_n be_v only_o for_o year_n albeit_o therein_o they_o be_v not_o niggardly_o for_o they_o stick_v not_o at_o lease_n for_o a_o hundred_o year_n croyl_n yet_o with_o a_o render_v of_o rent_n which_o in_o those_o day_n be_v of_o corn_n or_o other_o victual_n and_o thence_o the_o lease_n so_o make_v be_v call_v feorme_n or_o farm_n which_o word_n signify_v victual_n but_o time_n ensue_v turn_v the_o victual_n into_o money_n and_o term_n of_o year_n to_o term_n of_o light_n and_o inheritance_n retain_v the_o rent_n and_o those_o call_v quitrent_n or_o the_o rent_n of_o those_o person_n that_o be_v acquit_v or_o free_a lamb._n but_o in_o case_n of_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n for_o the_o most_o part_n after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o tenant_n be_v reserve_v heriot_n or_o a_o relief_n which_o be_v not_o leave_v to_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n but_o be_v put_v in_o certainty_n in_o the_o very_a letter_n of_o the_o law_n 69._o for_o according_a to_o each_o man_n degree_n such_o be_v his_o relief_n or_o heriot_n but_o over_o and_o above_o all_o they_o reserve_v special_a service_n to_o be_v do_v by_o the_o person_n of_o the_o tenant_n or_o some_o other_o by_o his_o procurement_n of_o which_o those_o that_o be_v their_o servi_fw-la or_o villain_n be_v at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n other_o have_v their_o particular_a service_n set_v down_o in_o their_o grant_n these_o concern_v either_o war_n or_o peace_n the_o former_a be_v afterward_o call_v the_o service_n of_o the_o knight_n or_o soldier_n the_o latter_a the_o service_n of_o the_o husbandman_n or_o plough_n that_o of_o the_o soldier_n be_v the_o more_o honourable_a knight-service_n and_o suitable_a to_o the_o old_a german_a trade_n pigrum_fw-la &_o iners_fw-la videtur_fw-la sudore_fw-la acquirere_fw-la quod_fw-la possis_fw-la sanguine_fw-la parare_fw-la and_o the_o work_n be_v to_o defend_v the_o kingdom_n the_o lord_n person_n and_o honour_n and_o to_o this_o end_n he_o be_v ever_o to_o have_v his_o weapon_n in_o readiness_n which_o give_v name_n to_o the_o service_n and_o alter_v as_o time_n and_o custom_n change_v this_o service_n by_o custom_n from_o a_o work_n degenerate_v into_o the_o bare_a title_n and_o become_v a_o dignity_n and_o the_o man_n name_v or_o rather_o entitle_v milites_fw-la and_o many_o of_o the_o saxon_a charter_n be_v attest_v by_o man_n bear_v that_o title_n yet_o the_o service_n itself_o be_v far_o more_o ancient_a and_o call_v servicium_fw-la loricae_fw-la of_o which_o sort_n also_o be_v the_o custodes_fw-la pagani_fw-la that_o wear_v a_o helmet_n a_o coat_n of_o mail_n and_o a_o guilt_n sword_n not_o unlike_o the_o old_a german_a way_n of_o call_v forth_o of_o their_o tirones_fw-la to_o the_o war._n tacitus_n of_o this_o rank_n some_o be_v more_o eminent_a than_o other_o for_o some_o bear_v the_o single_a title_n of_o knight_n and_o it_o seem_v serve_v on_o foot_n other_o serve_v on_o horseback_n and_o be_v call_v rad_n knight_n or_o knights-rider_n as_o bracton_n note_v spicil_n and_o these_o i_o take_v to_o be_v the_o vavasour_n note_v in_o the_o conqueror_n law_n for_o that_o their_o relief_n be_v a_o helmet_n a_o coat_n of_o mail_n a_o shield_n a_o sphere_n and_o a_o horse_n now_o for_o the_o maintain_n of_o this_o service_n they_o have_v land_n and_o tenement_n call_v knights-fee_n which_o bind_v the_o owner_n to_o that_o service_n into_o who_o hand_n soever_o they_o come_v to_o be_v do_v either_o by_o the_o person_n of_o the_o owner_n or_o other_o fit_a person_n by_o he_o procure_v and_o therefore_o be_v discharge_v from_o the_o payment_n of_o all_o tax_n and_o tollage_n which_o be_v the_o law_n of_o the_o goth_n of_o old_a and_o remain_v in_o sweden_n at_o this_o day_n
show_v a_o kind_n of_o rage_n and_o some_o rashness_n it_o may_v be_v impute_v to_o the_o common_a infirmity_n of_o great_a man_n for_o as_o oppression_n upon_o those_o that_o be_v inferior_a make_v they_o mad_a so_o do_v treachery_n against_o they_o that_o be_v superior_a make_v they_o little_a other_o especial_o if_o they_o be_v overtake_v with_o a_o fit_a of_o passion_n in_o the_o instant_n or_o their_o mind_n wrap_v into_o a_o whirlpool_n of_o affair_n but_o the_o change_n of_o law_n make_v the_o great_a noise_n wherein_o what_o change_v they_o suffer_v may_v appear_v from_o the_o premise_n if_o writer_n have_v deal_v upright_o otherwise_o general_a imputation_n without_o particular_a instance_n will_v never_o sway_v opinion_n contrary_a to_o the_o current_n of_o the_o law_n that_o be_v publish_v especial_o see_v we_o have_v observe_v the_o error_n of_o the_o best_a historian_n of_o those_o time_n in_o call_v those_o thing_n new_a which_o be_v ancient_o use_v in_o england_n before_o normandy_n be_v in_o a_o condition_n of_o a_o state._n yet_o if_o this_o shall_v be_v grant_v and_o that_o there_o be_v such_o change_n of_o law_n as_o be_v pretend_v it_o make_v nothing_o to_o the_o point_n of_o conquest_n so_o long_o as_o the_o new_a law_n be_v make_v by_o advice_n of_o common-council_n and_o for_o the_o common_a good_a and_o so_o long_o as_o they_o be_v establish_v to_o be_v rule_n for_o government_n i_o remember_v it_o be_v affirm_v by_o some_o of_o those_o ancient_a writer_n that_o the_o duke_n or_o king_n will_v have_v bring_v in_o the_o custom_n of_o norway_n but_o the_o earnest_a mediation_n of_o the_o english_a prevail_v against_o it_o and_o this_o evince_v two_o thing_n to_o my_o opinion_n first_o that_o there_o be_v question_n make_v what_o law_n shall_v be_v establish_v second_o that_o notwithstanding_o the_o interest_n that_o the_o norman_n have_v in_o the_o kingdom_n they_o can_v not_o prevail_v to_o bring_v in_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o their_o law_n or_o of_o the_o custom_n of_o norway_n which_o be_v not_o only_o the_o prima_fw-la materia_fw-la of_o their_o law_n but_o also_o in_o kind_n have_v a_o settle_n at_o that_o very_a time_n in_o those_o place_n of_o this_o kingdom_n where_o the_o dane_n have_v their_o principal_a seat_n and_o therefore_o not_o altogether_o strange_a to_o the_o saxon_n themselves_o the_o sum_n of_o which_o will_v be_v this_o that_o upon_o debate_n a_o law_n must_v be_v settle_v and_o that_o not_o the_o law_n of_o the_o conquerour_n own_o will_n nor_o the_o law_n that_o suit_v with_o his_o desire_n but_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o therefore_o if_o at_o any_o time_n the_o unquietness_n of_o some_o of_o the_o english_a bring_v the_o king_n to_o some_o thought_n of_o arbitrary_a rule_n and_o to_o shake_v off_o the_o clog_n of_o the_o saxon_a law_n it_o be_v long_o ere_o it_o stir_v and_o spring_v up_o too_o late_a to_o raise_v the_o title_n of_o conquest_n and_o wither_v too_o soon_o to_o settle_v it_o as_o touch_v the_o change_n of_o custom_n for_o that_o also_o be_v impute_v to_o the_o conqueror_n it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o some_o alteration_n may_v be_v in_o matter_n of_o small_a consideration_n yet_o be_v the_o writer_n not_o without_o mistake_n in_o the_o particular_a instance_n for_o whereas_o they_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o conqueror_n take_v away_o the_o custom_n of_o gavel-kind_n and_o bring_v the_o custom_n of_o descent_n to_o the_o elder_a son_n and_o that_o kent_n save_v their_o liberty_n and_o continue_v this_o custom_n of_o gavel-kind_n i_o shall_v not_o contend_v about_o the_o liberty_n of_o kent_n but_o must_v till_o i_o see_v better_a reason_n hold_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o change_n of_o inheritance_n to_o be_v a_o mere_a conceit_n for_o beside_o what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v concern_v that_o custom_n of_o gavel_n kind_n if_o we_o believe_v glanvil_n the_o difference_n be_v between_o land_n hold_v by_o knight's-service_n and_o in_o socage_n the_o first_o of_o which_o in_o his_o time_n 3._o by_o ancient_a custom_n always_o descend_v to_o the_o elder_a and_o those_o land_n that_o be_v hold_v in_o socage_n if_o not_o partible_a by_o custom_n in_o which_o case_n they_o go_v equal_o to_o all_o the_o son_n go_v by_o custom_n in_o some_o place_n to_o the_o elder_a in_o other_o place_n to_o the_o young_a so_o as_o the_o rule_n of_o inheritance_n in_o the_o norman_a time_n be_v custom_n as_o well_o as_o in_o former_a time_n and_o furthermore_o if_o the_o custom_n of_o gavel-kind_n have_v be_v the_o general_a custom_n of_o this_o nation_n the_o king_n by_o his_o change_n have_v contradict_v his_o own_o prerogative_n and_o grant_v as_o great_a a_o liberty_n to_o his_o subject_n as_o can_v have_v be_v invent_v for_o have_v the_o custom_n of_o gavel-kind_n happen_v upon_o the_o land_n in_o knight-service_n it_o have_v bring_v all_o the_o son_n under_o the_o law_n of_o wardship_n and_o have_v make_v a_o ready_a way_n to_o enthral_v all_o man_n of_o worth_n and_o undo_v all_o husbandry_n the_o first_o whereof_o have_v be_v as_o advantageous_a to_o the_o king_n be_v private_a interest_n as_o both_o destructive_a to_o the_o public_a nor_o be_v it_o clear_a from_o any_o author_n of_o credit_n that_o the_o norman_n change_v the_o tenor_n of_o land_n albeit_o that_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o such_o land_n as_o he_o have_v by_o forfeiture_n or_o otherwise_o be_v in_o his_o own_o power_n to_o dispose_v upon_o what_o tenure_n he_o please_v for_o as_o well_o before_o the_o norman_n time_n as_o long_o after_o tenor_n be_v like_a as_o the_o service_n be_v all_o at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o donor_n and_o be_v of_o as_o many_o individual_n almost_o as_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o owner_n some_o be_v of_o more_o general_a regard_n and_o public_a use_n be_v record_v among_o the_o ground_n of_o english_a law_n littlet_n none_o of_o which_o appear_v to_o i_o to_o be_v of_o norman_a original_a although_o they_o receive_v their_o name_n according_a to_o that_o dialect_n the_o next_o thing_n object_v be_v the_o change_n of_o language_n which_o thing_n some_o writer_n tell_v we_o the_o king_n endeavour_v or_o which_o be_v worse_o to_o be_v so_o absolute_a as_o to_o be_v absolute_a tyrant_n and_o to_o publish_v law_n in_o a_o foreign_a language_n that_o the_o people_n through_o ignorance_n may_v the_o rather_o transgress_v and_o thereby_o forfeit_v their_o estate_n this_o if_o true_a so_o sar_n differ_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o conqueror_n as_o rather_o prove_v that_o he_o be_v put_v to_o his_o shift_n nevertheless_o the_o thing_n taste_v so_o much_o of_o spleen_n as_o it_o may_v occasion_v distrust_n of_o other_o relation_n concern_v this_o subject_n for_o beside_o that_o it_o be_v nonsense_n for_o a_o conqueror_n to_o entitle_v himself_o by_o a_o cheat_n where_o he_o have_v a_o elder_a title_n by_o conquest_n i_o shall_v in_o full_a answer_n to_o that_o calumny_n insert_v a_o passage_n of_o a_o historian_n that_o be_v in_o the_o continual_a view_n of_o public_a affair_n in_o those_o time_n who_o speak_v of_o the_o conqueror_n ingulfus_n say_v that_o he_o commend_v the_o confessor_n law_n to_o his_o justice_n in_o the_o same_o language_n wherein_o they_o be_v wont_n former_o to_o be_v write_v lest_o through_o ignorance_n the_o people_n may_v rash_o offend_v and_o another_o author_n say_v gulielm_n that_o the_o king_n have_v a_o desire_n to_o learn_v the_o english_a tongue_n that_o he_o may_v the_o better_o know_v their_o law_n and_o judge_v according_a thereto_o it_o be_v probable_a nevertheless_o that_o the_o law_n be_v in_o the_o norman_a tongue_n and_o it_o be_v no_o less_o likely_a that_o the_o plead_n in_o real_a action_n especial_o be_v also_o in_o the_o same_o language_n else_o must_v the_o norman_n be_v put_v to_o school_n to_o learn_v english_a upon_o peril_n of_o loss_n of_o their_o estate_n but_o that_o either_o the_o write_a law_n be_v whole_o conclude_v into_o the_o norman_a tongue_n or_o that_o the_o public_a plead_n of_o cause_n by_o word_n of_o mouth_n in_o all_o action_n where_o the_o issue_n be_v leave_v to_o the_o country_n be_v in_o any_o other_o language_n than_o english_a no_o advise_a reader_n will_v conceive_v see_v it_o have_v be_v a_o madness_n for_o a_o english_a jury_n to_o pass_v their_o verdict_n in_o any_o case_n wherein_o it_o be_v likely_a many_o of_o they_o understand_v scarce_o a_o syllable_n of_o the_o norman_a language_n much_o less_o ought_v of_o the_o matter_n upon_o which_o their_o verdict_n shall_v be_v ground_v add_v hereunto_o that_o it_o be_v not_o likely_a but_o the_o conqueror_n inhibit_v the_o use_n of_o the_o english_a language_n in_o all_o matter_n of_o public_a record_n inasmuch_o as_o the_o charter_n make_v by_o he_o to_o corporate_a town_n and_o
it_o seem_v also_o that_o the_o loss_n not_o only_o of_o chattel_n and_o good_n but_o also_o of_o land_n etc._n etc._n extend_v to_o outlawry_n i_o conceive_v in_o case_n of_o felony_n and_o the_o king_n pardon_n in_o such_o case_n can_v not_o bind_v the_o lord_n right_a of_o escheat_n although_o it_o may_v discharge_v the_o good_n and_o the_o year_n and_o day_n whereunto_o the_o king_n be_v entitle_v which_o case_n alone_o sufficient_o declare_v what_o power_n king_n have_v in_o the_o estate_n of_o their_o subject_n manslaughter_n make_v not_o bailable_a this_o be_v law_n in_o henry_n the_o second_o be_v time_n although_o it_o cross_v the_o norman_a law_n 3_o and_o questionless_a it_o be_v upon_o good_a ground_n for_o the_o time_n now_o be_v not_o as_o those_o in_o the_o conquerour_n time_n when_o shed_v of_o blood_n be_v account_v valour_n and_o in_o most_o case_n in_o order_n to_o the_o public_a service_n and_o now_o it_o seem_v it_o be_v a_o grow_a evil_n and_o that_o cry_v so_o 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his_o purchase_a land_n as_o he_o please_v if_o the_o land_n be_v hold_v in_o gavel-kind_n no_o more_o of_o the_o inheritance_n can_v be_v convey_v to_o any_o of_o the_o child_n than_o their_o proportionable_a part_n will_v amount_v unto_o this_o law_n of_o inheritance_n be_v divers_a according_a to_o the_o tenure_n for_o the_o land_n in_o knights-service_n always_o descend_v to_o the_o heir_n but_o such_o as_o be_v hold_v in_o socage_n pass_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n either_o to_o the_o elder_a or_o to_o the_o young_a or_o to_o all_o equal_o and_o thus_o stand_v the_o general_a state_n of_o inheritance_n from_o the_o norman_n time_n hitherto_o 88_o seem_v somewhat_o too_o straight_o for_o the_o free_a man_n that_o by_o law_n of_o property_n may_v challenge_v a_o power_n to_o do_v with_o their_o own_o as_o they_o please_v but_o the_o norman_n see_v a_o double_a prejudice_n herein_o the_o first_o be_v the_o danger_n of_o ruin_n of_o many_o of_o their_o family_n who_o now_o ingraft_v into_o the_o english_a stock_n and_o yet_o not_o full_o one_o may_v expect_v a_o late_a check_n to_o their_o preferment_n from_o the_o saxon_a parent_n after_o a_o long_a and_o fair_a semblance_n make_v of_o their_o good_a will._n the_o second_o prejudice_n be_v the_o decay_n of_o their_o militia_n which_o be_v maintain_v by_o riches_n more_o than_o by_o multitude_n of_o man_n partly_o because_o that_o rich_a man_n be_v most_o fearful_a of_o offend_v and_o therefore_o ordinary_o be_v most_o serviceable_a both_o with_o their_o body_n and_o estate_n against_o public_a danger_n and_o partly_o because_o by_o their_o friend_n and_o ally_n they_o bring_v more_o aid_n unto_o the_o public_a by_o engage_v they_o in_o the_o common_a cause_n that_o otherwise_o may_v prove_v unsensible_a of_o the_o condition_n of_o their_o country_n the_o heir_n of_o a_o freeman_n shall_v by_o descent_n be_v in_o such_o seisin_n as_o his_o ancestor_n have_v at_o the_o time_n of_o his_o death_n 9_o do_v service_n and_o pay_v relief_n and_o shall_v have_v his_o chattel_n if_o the_o heir_n be_v under_o age_n the_o lord_n shall_v have_v the_o wardship_n for_o the_o due_a time_n and_o the_o wife_n her_o dower_n and_o part_n of_o the_o good_n if_o the_o lord_n withhold_v seisin_n the_o king_n justice_n shall_v try_v the_o matter_n by_o twelve_o man_n the_o first_o of_o these_o branch_n be_v declaratory_a of_o a_o ground_n of_o common_a law_n but_o be_v apply_v to_o the_o last_o be_v a_o introduction_n of_o a_o new_a law_n of_o trial_n of_o the_o heir_n be_v right_a by_o assize_n of_o mortdancester_n where_o former_o no_o remedy_n be_v leave_v to_o the_o heir_n but_o a_o writ_n of_o right_o if_o these_o three_o branch_n be_v particular_o observe_v they_o speak_v of_o three_o sort_n of_o heir_n of_o tenant_n by_o knight-service_n viz._n such_o as_o be_v major_n or_o of_o full_a age_n and_o such_o as_o be_v minor_n or_o under_o age_n and_o such_o as_o be_v of_o a_o doubtful_a age_n those_o 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glanvil_n or_o any_o other_o say_v that_o these_o be_v their_o full_a age_n to_o all_o purpose_n albeit_o that_o some_o burrough_n at_o this_o day_n hold_v the_o last_o in_o custom_n to_o all_o intent_n whatsoever_o the_o last_o branch_n provide_v the_o remedy_n to_o recover_v to_o the_o heir_n his_o possession_n in_o case_n it_o be_v detain_v either_o through_o doubtfulness_n of_o age_n of_o the_o heir_n or_o his_o title_n and_o it_o direct_v the_o issue_n to_o be_v try_v by_o twelve_o man_n this_o trial_n some_o have_v think_v to_o be_v of_o glanvil_n invention_n and_o it_o may_v well_o be_v that_o this_o trial_n of_o this_o matter_n as_o thus_o set_v down_o be_v direct_v by_o he_o yet_o he_o use_v often_o in_o his_o book_n the_o word_n solet_fw-la and_o in_o his_o preface_n
sad_a experience_n of_o the_o latter_a government_n of_o king_n in_o these_o time_n have_v teach_v the_o knighthood_n of_o england_n to_o hold_v for_o the_o future_a age_n no_o tenant_n in_o ancient_a demesne_n militibâ—s_n or_o in_o burgage_n shall_v be_v distrain_v for_o the_o service_n of_o a_o knight_n clerk_n and_o tenant_n in_o socage_n of_o other_o manor_n than_o of_o the_o king_n shall_v be_v use_v as_o they_o have_v be_v former_o tenant_n in_o ancient_a demesne_n and_o tenant_n in_o burgage_n be_v absolute_o acquit_v from_o foreign_a service_n the_o one_o because_o they_o be_v in_o nature_n of_o the_o king_n husbandman_n and_o serve_v he_o and_o his_o family_n with_o victual_n the_o other_o because_o by_o their_o tenure_n they_o be_v bind_v to_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o burrow_n which_o in_o account_n be_v a_o limb_n or_o member_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o so_o in_o nature_n of_o a_o castle_n guard_n now_o as_o touch_v clerk_n and_o tenant_n in_o socage_n hold_v of_o a_o subject_a they_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o order_n of_o ancient_a use_n appear_v upon_o record_n as_o concern_v the_o clergy_n it_o be_v evident_a by_o what_o have_v be_v former_o note_v that_o though_o they_o be_v importunate_a to_o be_v discharge_v of_o the_o service_n military_a in_o regard_n that_o their_o profession_n be_v for_o peace_n and_o not_o for_o blood_n yet_o can_v they_o never_o obtain_v their_o desire_n for_o though_o their_o person_n may_v challenge_v exemption_n from_o that_o work_n yet_o their_o land_n be_v bind_v to_o find_v arm_n by_o their_o deputy_n for_o otherwise_o it_o have_v be_v unreasonable_a that_o so_o great_a a_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o the_o clergy_n than_o have_v shall_v sit_v still_o and_o look_v on_o whilst_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n every_o one_o be_v engage_v in_o his_o own_o defence_n nor_o yet_o do_v the_o profession_n of_o these_o man_n to_o be_v man_n for_o peace_n hold_v always_o uniform_a some_o kind_n of_o war_n than_o be_v hold_v sacred_a and_o wherein_o they_o not_o only_o adventure_v their_o estate_n but_o even_o their_o own_o person_n and_o these_o not_o only_o in_o a_o defensive_a way_n but_o by_o way_n of_o invasion_n and_o many_o time_n where_o no_o need_n be_v for_o they_o to_o appear_v tenant_n in_o socage_n also_o in_o regard_n of_o their_o service_n may_v plead_v exemption_n from_o the_o war_n for_o if_o not_o the_o plough_n must_v stand_v still_o and_o the_o land_n thereby_o become_v poor_a and_o lean_a nevertheless_o a_o general_a service_n or_o defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v impose_v upon_o all_o and_o husbandman_n must_v be_v soldier_n when_o the_o debate_n be_v who_o shall_v have_v the_o land_n in_o such_o case_n therefore_o they_o be_v evocati_fw-la ad_fw-la arma_fw-la to_o maintain_v and_o defend_v the_o kingdom_n but_o not_o compellable_n to_o foreign_a service_n as_o the_o knight_n be_v who_o service_n consist_v much_o in_o defence_n of_o their_o lord_n person_n in_o reference_n to_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o many_o time_n policy_n of_o war_n draw_v the_o lord_n into_o arm_n abroad_o to_o keep_v the_o enemy_n further_o from_o their_o border_n and_o the_o knight_n then_o under_o their_o lord_n pay_v go_v along_o with_o they_o and_o therefore_o the_o service_n of_o knighthood_n be_v common_o call_v servitium_fw-la forinsecum_fw-la of_o these_o socager_n do_v arise_v not_o only_o the_o body_n of_o english_a footman_n in_o their_o army_n 406._o but_o the_o better_a and_o more_o wealthy_a sort_n of_o they_o find_v arm_n of_o a_o knight_n as_o former_o have_v be_v observe_v yet_o always_o under_o the_o pay_n of_o the_o common_a purse_n and_o if_o call_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n they_o be_v mere_a volunteer_n for_o they_o be_v not_o call_v out_o by_o distress_n as_o knight_n be_v because_o they_o hold_v not_o their_o land_n by_o such_o service_n but_o they_o be_v summon_v by_o proclamation_n and_o probable_o be_v muster_v by_o the_o high_a constable_n in_o each_o hundred_o the_o law_n nevertheless_o remain_v still_o entire_a that_o all_o must_v be_v do_v not_o only_o add_v fidem_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la but_o also_o regni_n which_o be_v dispute_v and_o conclude_v by_o the_o sword._n for_o though_o king_n pretend_a danger_n to_o the_o public_a oftentimes_o to_o raise_v the_o people_n yet_o the_o people_n will_v give_v credit_n as_o they_o please_v or_o if_o the_o king_n title_n be_v in_o question_n or_o the_o people_n liberty_n yet_o every_o man_n take_v liberty_n to_o side_n with_o that_o party_n that_o like_v he_o best_o nor_o do_v the_o king_n proclamation_n sway_v much_o this_o or_o that_o way_n it_o be_v true_a that_o precedent_n of_o those_o time_n cry_v up_o the_o king_n power_n of_o array_v all_o ship_n and_o man_n without_o respect_n unless_o of_o age_n or_o corporal_a disability_n but_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o no_o such_o array_n be_v but_o in_o time_n of_o no_o less_o know_v danger_n from_o abroad_o to_o the_o kingdom_n than_o imminent_a and_o therefore_o may_v be_v wrought_v more_o from_o the_o general_a fear_n of_o the_o enemy_n than_o from_o the_o king_n command_n and_o yet_o those_o time_n be_v always_o arm_v in_o neighbour_a nation_n and_o king_n may_v have_v pretend_v continual_a cause_n of_o array_v second_o it_o will_v no_o less_o clear_o appear_v that_o king_n use_v no_o such_o course_n but_o in_o case_n of_o general_a danger_n to_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n either_o from_o foreign_a invasion_n 81._o as_o in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n john_n or_o from_o intestine_a broil_n as_o in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o and_o the_o two_o edward_n successive_o and_o if_o the_o danger_n threaten_v only_o one_o coast_n the_o array_n be_v limit_v only_o to_o the_o part_n adjacent_a thereunto_o three_o it_o seem_v that_o general_n array_v be_v not_o levy_v by_o distress_n 5._o till_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o and_o then_o only_o for_o the_o rendezvous_n at_o the_o next_o sea-coast_n and_o for_o defence_n against_o foreign_a invasion_n in_o which_o case_n all_o subject_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v concern_v by_o general_a service_n otherwise_o it_o can_v come_v unto_o no_o other_o account_n than_o that_o title_n prerogative_n and_o therein_o be_v character_v as_o a_o trick_n above_o the_o ordinary_a strain_n four_o those_o time_n bring_v forth_o no_o general_a array_n of_o all_o person_n between_o the_o age_n of_o sixteen_o year_n and_o sixty_o that_o be_v make_v by_o distress_n in_o any_o case_n of_o civil_a war_n but_o only_o by_o sheriff_n summons_n and_o in_o case_n of_o disobedience_n by_o summons_n to_o appear_v before_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n which_o show_v that_o by_o the_o common_a law_n they_o be_v not_o compellable_n or_o punishable_a last_o though_o these_o array_v of_o man_n be_v sometime_o at_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o king_n and_o sometime_o at_o the_o subject_n own_o charge_n yet_o that_o last_o be_v out_o of_o the_o roadway_n of_o the_o subject_n liberty_n as_o the_o subsequent_a time_n do_v full_o manifest_v and_o the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v of_o array_v of_o ship_n which_o however_o under_o command_n of_o king_n for_o public_a service_n be_v nevertheless_o rig_v and_o pay_v out_o of_o the_o public_a charge_n the_o sum_n of_o all_o will_v be_v that_o in_o case_n of_o defence_n from_o foreign_a invasion_n king_n have_v power_n of_o array_n according_a to_o the_o order_n of_o law_n if_o they_o exceed_v that_o rule_n it_o may_v be_v more_o right_o say_v they_o do_v what_o they_o will_v than_o what_o they_o ought_v chap._n lxxi_o of_o the_o peace_n war_n and_o peace_n be_v two_o birth_n by_o several_a venture_n and_o may_v like_v the_o day_n and_o night_n succeed_v but_o can_v never_o inherit_v each_o to_o other_o and_o for_o that_o cause_n they_o may_v claim_v to_o belong_v to_o one_o father_n and_o that_o one_o and_o the_o same_o power_n shall_v act_v in_o both_o and_o yet_o it_o be_v no_o good_a maxim_n that_o he_o that_o be_v the_o chief_a commander_n in_o war_n aught_o to_o be_v the_o chief_a in_o the_o order_n of_o peace_n for_o it_o natural_o befall_v that_o war_n especial_o that_o which_o we_o call_v civil_a war_n like_o some_o disease_n in_o the_o body_n do_v rather_o breed_v ill_a humour_n than_o consume_v they_o and_o these_o must_v be_v purge_v by_o diet_v the_o state_n and_o constant_a course_n of_o justice_n unto_o which_o the_o rugged_a wave_n of_o war_n have_v little_a or_o no_o affinity_n if_o they_o have_v not_o enmity_n nevertheless_o the_o wisdom_n of_o our_o ancestor_n think_v it_o most_o meet_a to_o keep_v their_o king_n in_o work_n as_o well_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n as_o of_o war_n and_o therefore_o as_o they_o ancient_o refer_v the_o principal_a care_n thereof_o to_o the_o lord_n who_o together_o
enough_o to_o make_v and_o maintain_v a_o right_a and_o that_o it_o by_o law_n be_v a_o right_n belong_v to_o some_o person_n before_o other_o and_o that_o this_o have_v be_v a_o custom_n before_o the_o former_a unjust_a custom_n creep_v into_o the_o government_n of_o the_o conqueror_n and_o principal_o of_o his_o son_n rufus_n and_o though_o it_o be_v questionable_a whether_o it_o settle_v first_o upon_o the_o norman_n or_o the_o english_a yet_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o if_o one_o people_n have_v it_o the_o other_o people_n now_o come_v into_o union_n with_o that_o people_n can_v not_o in_o reason_n except_o against_o that_o custom_n which_o the_o other_o people_n have_v take_v up_o upon_o so_o honourable_a ground_n as_o reason_n of_o state_n which_o as_o the_o time_n than_o be_v be_v evident_a and_o superlative_a especial_o the_o custom_n be_v under_o the_o regulate_v of_o law_n and_o not_o of_o any_o arbitrary_a power_n and_o can_v be_v no_o precedent_n of_o relief_n marriage_n and_o wardship_n that_o after-age_n usurp_v tenant_n in_o knight-service_n shall_v hold_v their_o land_n 5._o etc._n etc._n acquit_v of_o all_o tax_n that_o they_o may_v be_v more_o able_a to_o provide_v arm_n and_o be_v more_o ready_a and_o fit_a for_o the_o king_n service_n and_o defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n acquittal_n this_o law_n whether_o it_o be_v a_o renew_n of_o a_o former_a custom_n or_o a_o introduction_n of_o a_o new_a law_n it_o be_v clear_v it_o be_v upon_o a_o old_a ground_n that_o tenant_n by_o knight-service_n must_v be_v ready_a for_o the_o service_n of_o their_o lord_n and_o defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n whereof_o afterward_o but_o the_o law_n be_v that_o these_o man_n shall_v hold_v their_o land_n of_o that_o tenure_n acquit_v of_o all_o tax_n though_o legal_o impose_v upon_o the_o body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o must_v be_v conceive_v to_o be_v for_o the_o public_a benefit_n viz._n either_o for_o the_o preparation_n or_o maintenance_n of_o public_a war_n for_o in_o such_o case_n it_o have_v be_v in_o all_o time_n hold_v unreasonable_a that_o those_o who_o person_n be_v employ_v to_o serve_v in_o the_o war_n shall_v hold_v land_n double_o charge_v to_o the_o same_o service_n viz._n to_o the_o defray_n of_o their_o own_o private_a expense_n in_o the_o war_n and_o maintenance_n of_o the_o public_a charge_n of_o the_o same_o war_n beside_o chap._n liii_o of_o divers_a law_n make_v concern_v the_o execution_n of_o justice_n although_o in_o proceed_n in_o case_n of_o vindicative_a justice_n delinquent_n may_v seem_v to_o be_v leave_v rather_o to_o the_o fury_n than_o mercy_n of_o the_o law_n yet_o so_o long_o as_o man_n be_v under_o the_o law_n and_o not_o without_o the_o law_n it_o have_v be_v always_o hold_v a_o part_n of_o justice_n to_o extend_v what_o moderation_n may_v possible_o stand_v with_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o law_n and_o that_o otherwise_o a_o overrigid_a and_o fierce_a prosecution_n of_o the_o guilty_a be_v no_o less_o tyranny_n than_o the_o prosecution_n of_o the_o not-guilty_a and_o although_o violence_n be_v the_o proper_a vice_n of_o these_o time_n yet_o this_o point_n of_o honour_n must_v be_v give_v to_o the_o norman_n that_o their_o sword_n have_v eye_n and_o move_v not_o altogether_o by_o rage_n but_o by_o reason_n no_o sentence_n shall_v pass_v but_o upon_o averment_n of_o the_o complaint_n by_o accuser_n or_o witness_n produce_v 5._o fine_a and_o pledge_n shall_v be_v according_a to_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o offence_n by_o these_o two_o law_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o paris_n the_o subject_n be_v deliver_v from_o three_o great_a oppression_n first_o in_o make_v they_o offender_n without_o complaint_n or_o witness_n second_o in_o impose_v immoderate_a fine_n last_o in_o urge_v extraordinary_a bail._n forfeiture_n of_o felon_n land_n be_v reduce_v to_o a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n 261._o the_o norman_n have_v reduce_v the_o saxon_a law_n in_o this_o case_n unto_o their_o own_o last_o which_o stretch_v their_o desire_n as_o far_o as_o the_o estate_n will_v bear_v but_o this_o be_v so_o prejudicial_a to_o the_o immediate_a lord_n who_o be_v no_o offender_n in_o this_o case_n and_o so_o contrary_a to_o the_o saxon_a law_n it_o be_v both_o do_v and_o undo_v in_o a_o short_a space_n by_o the_o allowance_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o intent_n of_o criminal_a offence_n manifest_v by_o act_n punish_v by_o fine_a or_o mulct_n this_o by_o alfred_n law_n be_v punish_v by_o talioes_n law_n 254._o but_o now_o by_o a_o law_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o reduce_v to_o mulct_n mainperner_n be_v not_o to_o be_v punish_v as_o principal_n unless_o they_o be_v party_n or_o privy_n to_o the_o fail_v of_o the_o principal_a this_o law_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o repeal_v the_o former_a law_n of_o canutus_n 141._o which_o must_v be_v acknowledge_v to_o be_v rigorous_a although_o not_o altogether_o without_o reason_n no_o person_n shall_v be_v imprison_v for_o commit_v of_o a_o mortal_a crime_n unless_o first_o he_o be_v attain_v by_o verdict_n of_o twelve_o man_n by_o imprisonment_n 5._o be_v intend_v close_a imprisonment_n or_o imprisonment_n without_o bail_n or_o mainprize_n for_o otherwise_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o as_o well_o by_o the_o saxon_a as_o norman_a law_n man_n be_v bring_v to_o trial_n by_o restraint_n appeal_v of_o murder_n restrain_v within_o the_o four_o degree_n before_o this_o law_n 7._o appeal_n be_v bring_v by_o any_o of_o the_o blood_n or_o kin_n of_o the_o party_n slay_v but_o now_o by_o henry_n the_o first_o restrain_v the_o ground_n seem_v to_o be_v for_o that_o affection_n that_o run_v with_o the_o blood_n grow_v so_o cold_a beyond_o the_o four_o degree_n that_o the_o death_n of_o the_o party_n be_v of_o so_o small_a account_n as_o it_o can_v scarce_o be_v repute_v a_o loss_n of_o such_o consequence_n to_o the_o party_n as_o to_o expose_v the_o life_n or_o price_n of_o the_o life_n of_o the_o manslayer_n unto_o the_o claim_n of_o such_o a_o one_o and_o thus_o the_o saxon_a law_n that_o give_v the_o satisfaction_n in_o such_o case_n to_o the_o whole_a kindred_n become_v limit_v to_o the_o four_o degree_n as_o i_o conceive_v from_o the_o ecclesiastical_a constitution_n concern_v marriage_n two_o thing_n more_o concern_v juridical_a proceed_n may_v be_v note_v the_o one_o concern_v speedy_a course_n of_o justice_n wherein_o they_o may_v seem_v to_o justify_v the_o saxon_a way_n but_o can_v never_o attain_v to_o their_o pace_n in_o regard_n they_o yield_v so_o much_o time_n to_o summons_n essoyn_n etc._n etc._n the_o other_o concern_v election_n of_o judge_n by_o the_o party_n for_o this_o we_o find_v in_o the_o law_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o chap._n liv._o of_o the_o militia_n during_o the_o norman_n time_n the_o power_n of_o militia_n be_v either_o the_o legislative_a or_o executory_a power_n the_o legislative_a power_n without_o contradiction_n rest_v in_o the_o grand_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o who_o it_o belong_v to_o establish_v law_n for_o the_o government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n and_o this_o will_v appear_v in_o the_o preparation_n for_o war_n the_o levy_n of_o war_n and_o manage_v thereof_o after_o it_o be_v levy_v for_o the_o preparation_n it_o consist_v in_o levy_v man_n and_o munition_n or_o of_o money_n in_o all_o which_o questionless_a will_v be_v a_o difference_n between_o raise_v of_o war_n by_o a_o king_n to_o revenge_v a_o personal_a injury_n do_v to_o the_o king_n be_v own_o person_n and_o a_o war_n raise_v by_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n or_o representative_a body_n thereof_o which_o be_v common_o do_v in_o defence_n of_o public_a interest_n and_o seldom_o in_o any_o offensive_a way_n unless_o in_o recovery_n of_o a_o right_a possession_n either_o former_o lose_v or_o as_o yet_o not_o full_o settle_v now_o although_o it_o be_v true_a that_o seldom_o do_v injury_n reflect_v upon_o the_o king_n person_n alone_o but_o that_o the_o kingdom_n will_v be_v concern_v therein_o to_o endeavour_v a_o remedy_n yet_o because_o it_o may_v fall_v out_o otherwise_o and_o king_n have_v take_v occasion_n to_o levy_v war_n of_o their_o own_o accord_n in_o such_o case_n they_o can_v neither_o compel_v the_o person_n of_o their_o subject_n or_o their_o estate_n to_o be_v contributory_a and_o of_o this_o nature_n i_o take_v the_o war_n levy_v by_o harold_n against_o the_o conqueror_n to_o be_v wherein_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v never_o engage_v nor_o therefore_o do_v it_o feel_v the_o dint_n of_o the_o conquerour_n sword_n at_o all_o and_o in_o this_o case_n the_o militia_n must_v be_v allow_v to_o such_o as_o bear_v the_o purse_n nor_o can_v it_o be_v conclude_v to_o be_v the_o militia_n of_o the_o kingdom_n nor_o any_o part_n thereof_o although_o the_o kingdom_n may_v connive_v thereat_o but_o to_o
say_v that_o he_o will_v set_v down_o frequentius_fw-la usitata_fw-la and_o it_o be_v past_a question_n but_o that_o the_o trial_n by_o twelve_o man_n be_v much_o more_o ancient_a as_o have_v be_v already_o note_v one_o thing_n more_o yet_o remain_v concern_v the_o widow_n of_o the_o tenant_n who_o dower_n be_v not_o only_o provide_v for_o but_o her_o reasonable_a part_n of_o her_o husband_n be_v personal_a estate_n the_o original_n hereof_o be_v from_o the_o norman_n and_o it_o be_v as_o popular_a as_o that_o of_o wardship_n be_v regal_a and_o so_o they_o make_v the_o english_a woman_n as_o sure_a to_o they_o as_o they_o be_v sure_a of_o their_o child_n the_o justice_n shall_v by_o assize_n try_v disseisin_n do_v since_o the_o king_n be_v come_v over_o sea_n next_o after_o the_o peace_n make_v between_o he_o and_o his_o son._n this_o be_v call_v the_o assize_n of_o novel_a disseisin_n or_o of_o disseisin_n late_o make_v it_o seem_v that_o the_o limitation_n be_v set_v for_o the_o justice_n sake_n who_o now_o be_v appoint_v to_o that_o work_n which_o former_o belong_v to_o the_o county-courts_a 33._o and_o to_o prevent_v intrenchment_n of_o court_n a_o limitation_n be_v determine_v although_o the_o copy_n seem_v to_o be_v mistake_v for_o the_o limitation_n in_o the_o writ_n be_v from_o the_o king_n be_v last_o voyage_n or_o go_v into_o normandy_n justice_n shall_v do_v right_a upon_o the_o king_n be_v write_v for_o half_a a_o knight_n fee_n and_o under_o unless_o in_o case_n of_o difficulty_n which_o be_v to_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o king._n the_o justice_n itinerant_a end_v the_o small_a matter_n in_o their_o circuit_n the_o other_o be_v reserve_v to_o the_o king_n in_o his_o bench._n justice_n shall_v inquire_v of_o escheat_n land_n church_n and_o woman_n in_o the_o king_n gift_n and_o of_o castleguard_n who_o how_o much_o and_o where_o so_o as_o the_o judge_n itinerant_a have_v the_o work_n of_o escheator_n and_o make_v their_o circuit_n serve_v as_o well_o for_o the_o king_n profit_n as_o justice_n to_o the_o subject_n they_o use_v also_o to_o take_v fealty_n of_o the_o people_n to_o the_o king_n at_o one_o certain_a time_n of_o the_o year_n and_o to_o demand_v homage_n also_o these_o matter_n of_o the_o king_n exchequer_n make_v the_o presence_n of_o the_o judge_n less_o acceptable_a and_o it_o may_v be_v occasion_v some_o kind_n of_o oppression_n and_o as_o touch_v castleguard_n it_o be_v a_o tenure_n in_o great_a use_n in_o these_o bloody_a time_n and_o yet_o it_o seem_v they_o use_v to_o take_v rend_v instead_o of_o the_o personal_a service_n else_o have_v that_o enquiry_n how_o much_o be_v improper_a of_o a_o tenant_n hold_v and_o of_o several_a lord_n that_o one_o man_n may_v hold_v several_a land_n of_o several_a lord_n and_o so_o owe_v service_n to_o they_o all_o be_v so_o common_a as_o nothing_o can_v be_v more_o nevertheless_o it_o will_v not_o be_v altogether_o out_o of_o the_o way_n to_o touch_v somewhat_o upon_o the_o nature_n of_o this_o mutual_a relation_n between_o lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o general_n that_o the_o true_a nature_n of_o the_o diversity_n may_v more_o full_o appear_v the_o foundation_n or_o subject_n of_o service_n be_v a_o piece_n of_o land_n or_o other_o tenement_n at_o the_o first_o give_v by_o the_o lord_n to_o the_o tenant_n in_o affirmance_n of_o a_o stipulation_n between_o they_o presuppose_v by_o the_o give_v and_o receive_v whereof_o the_o tenant_n undertake_v to_o peform_v service_n to_o the_o lord_n and_o the_o lord_n undertake_v protection_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o his_o right_n to_o that_o tenement_n 4._o the_o service_n be_v first_o by_o service_n solemn_o bind_v either_o by_o oath_n which_o the_o lord_n or_o his_o deputy_n by_o the_o common-law_n have_v power_n to_o administer_v as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o fealty_n in_o which_o the_o tenant_n bind_v himself_o to_o be_v true_a to_o the_o honour_n and_o safety_n of_o his_o lord_n person_n and_o to_o perform_v the_o service_n due_a to_o the_o lord_n for_o the_o tenement_n so_o give_v or_o otherwise_o by_o the_o tenant_n humble_a acknowledgement_n and_o promise_v not_o only_o to_o perform_v the_o service_n due_a but_o even_o to_o be_v devote_v to_o the_o lord_n service_n to_o honour_v he_o and_o to_o adventure_v limb_n and_o life_n and_o be_v true_a and_o faithful_a to_o the_o lord_n this_o be_v call_v homage_n from_o those_o word_n i_o become_v your_o man_n sir_n and_o yet_o promise_v upon_o the_o matter_n no_o more_o but_o fealty_n in_o a_o deep_a compliment_n albeit_o there_o be_v difference_n in_o the_o adjunct_n belong_v to_o eách_v for_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o by_o promise_n of_o be_v the_o lord_n man_n a_o general_a service_n may_v seem_v to_o be_v imply_v yet_o in_o regard_n that_o it_o be_v upon_o occasion_n only_o of_o that_o present_a tenure_n it_o seem_v to_o i_o that_o it_o be_v to_o be_v restrain_v only_o to_o those_o particular_a service_n which_o belong_v to_o that_o tenement_n and_o therefore_o if_o that_o tenement_n be_v hold_v in_o socage_n although_o the_o tenant_n be_v bind_v to_o homage_n yet_o that_o homage_n tie_v not_o the_o tenant_n to_o the_o service_n of_o a_o knight_n 5._o nor_o contrary_o do_v the_o homage_n of_o a_o tenant_n in_o knight-service_n tie_v he_o to_o that_o of_o socage_n upon_o the_o command_n of_o his_o lord_n though_o he_o profess_v himself_o to_o be_v his_o man._n nor_o do_v the_o tenant_n homage_n bind_v he_o against_o all_o man_n nor_o ad_fw-la semper_fw-la for_o in_o case_n he_o hold_v of_o two_o or_o divers_a lord_n by_o homage_n for_o several_a tenement_n 10._o and_o these_o two_o lord_n be_v in_o war_n one_o against_o the_o other_o the_o tenant_n must_v serve_v his_o chief_a lord_n of_o who_o the_o capital_a house_n be_v hold_v or_o that_o lord_n which_o be_v he_o by_o priority_n who_o may_v be_v call_v the_o chief_a lord_n because_o have_v first_o receive_v homage_n he_o receive_v it_o absolute_o from_o his_o tenant_n with_o a_o save_n of_o the_o tenant_n faith_n make_v to_o other_o lord_n and_o to_o the_o king_n who_o in_o order_n to_o the_o public_a have_v power_n to_o command_v a_o tenant_n into_o war_n against_o his_o own_o lord_n if_o therefore_o he_o be_v command_v by_o the_o king_n in_o such_o case_n unto_o war_n 1._o he_o need_v not_o question_v the_o point_n of_o forfeiture_n but_o if_o he_o be_v command_v by_o a_o chief_a of_o his_o other_o lord_n into_o war_n against_o a_o party_n in_o which_o another_o of_o his_o lord_n be_v engage_v his_o safe_a way_n be_v to_o enter_v upon_o the_o work_n because_o of_o his_o allegiance_n to_o that_o lord_n yet_o with_o a_o salvo_fw-la of_o his_o fealty_n to_o that_o other_o lord._n 4._o but_o in_o all_o ordinary_a case_n tenant_n and_o lord_n must_v have_v regard_n to_o their_o stipulation_n for_o otherwise_o if_o either_o break_n the_o other_o be_v discharge_v for_o ever_o and_o if_o the_o fault_n be_v in_o the_o tenant_n his_o tenement_n escheat_n to_o his_o lord_n and_o if_o the_o lord_n fail_v he_o lose_v his_o tenure_n and_o the_o tenant_n may_v thenceforth_o disclaim_v and_o hold_v over_o for_o ever_o nevertheless_o the_o lord_n have_v two_o privilege_n by_o common_a custom_n belong_v to_o their_o tenor_n which_o although_o not_o mention_v in_o the_o stipulation_n be_v yet_o more_o valuable_a than_o all_o the_o rest_n the_o one_o concern_v matter_n of_o profit_n the_o other_o of_o power_n that_o of_o profit_n consist_v in_o aid_n and_o relief_n the_o aid_n be_v of_o three_o kind_n 8._o one_o to_o make_v the_o lord_n elder_a son_n knight_n the_o other_o to_o marry_v his_o elder_a daughter_n the_o three_o to_o help_v he_o to_o pay_v a_o relief_n to_o his_o lord_n paramount_n which_o in_o my_o opinion_n sound_v as_o much_o as_o if_o the_o tenant_n be_v bind_v by_o their_o tenor_n to_o aid_v their_o lord_n in_o all_o case_n of_o extraordinary_a charge_n save_v that_o the_o lord_n can_v not_o distrain_v his_o tenant_n 8._o for_o aid_n to_o his_o war_n and_o this_o according_a to_o the_o lord_n discretion_n ibid._n for_o glanvil_n say_v that_o the_o law_n determine_v nothing_o concern_v the_o quantity_n or_o value_n of_o these_o aid_n these_o be_v the_o norman_a way_n and_o savour_v so_o much_o of_o lordship_n that_o within_o that_o age_n they_o be_v regulate_v but_o that_o of_o relief_n be_v a_o ancient_a sacrifice_n as_o of_o first-fruit_n of_o the_o tenement_n to_o the_o lord_n in_o memorial_n of_o the_o first_o lord_n favour_n in_o confer_v that_o tenement_n and_o it_o be_v first_o settle_v in_o the_o saxon_n time_n the_o lord_n privilege_n of_o power_n extend_v so_o far_o as_o to_o distrain_v his_o tenant_n into_o his_o own_o court_n to_o answer_v to_o himself_o in_o all_o cause_n that_o concern_v his_o
right_n and_o so_o the_o lord_n become_v both_o judge_n and_o party_n which_o be_v soon_o feel_v and_o prevent_v as_o shall_v appear_v hereafter_o another_o privilege_n of_o the_o lord_n power_n be_v over_o the_o tenant_n heir_n after_o the_o tenant_n death_n in_o the_o dispose_n of_o the_o body_n during_o the_o minority_n and_o marriage_n of_o the_o same_o as_o touch_v the_o dispose_n of_o the_o body_n the_o lord_n either_o retain_v the_o same_o in_o his_o own_o power_n or_o commit_v the_o same_o to_o other_o 12._o and_o this_o be_v do_v either_o pleno_fw-la jure_fw-la or_o render_v a_o account_n as_o concern_v the_o marriage_n of_o the_o female_n that_o be_v heir_n or_o so_o apparent_a the_o parent_n in_o their_o life-time_n can_v marry_v they_o without_o the_o lord_n consent_n nor_o may_v they_o marry_v themselves_o after_o their_o parent_n death_n without_o the_o same_o and_o the_o lord_n be_v bind_v to_o give_v their_o consent_n unless_o they_o can_v show_v cause_n to_o the_o contrary_n the_o like_a also_o of_o the_o tenant_n widow_n that_o have_v any_o dowry_n in_o the_o land_n of_o such_o tenure_n and_o by_o suchlike_a mean_n as_o these_o the_o power_n of_o the_o baron_n grow_v to_o that_o height_n that_o in_o the_o lump_n it_o be_v too_o massy_a both_o for_o prince_n and_o commons_o of_o the_o power_n of_o the_o last_o will._n it_o be_v a_o receive_a opinion_n that_o at_o the_o common-law_n no_o man_n can_v devise_v his_o land_n by_o his_o last_o will._n if_o thereby_o it_o be_v conceive_v to_o be_v against_o common_a reason_n i_o shall_v not_o touch_v that_o but_o if_o against_o custom_n of_o the_o ancient_a time_n i_o must_v suspend_v my_o concurrence_n therewith_o until_o those_o ancient_a time_n be_v define_v for_o as_o yet_o i_o find_v no_o testimony_n sufficient_a to_o assert_v that_o opinion_n but_o rather_o that_o the_o time_n hitherto_o have_v a_o sacred_a opinion_n of_o the_o last_o will_n as_o of_o the_o most_o serious_a sincere_a and_o advise_v declaration_n of_o the_o most_o inward_a desire_n of_o a_o man_n which_o be_v the_o main_a thing_n look_v unto_o in_o all_o conveyance_n voluntas_fw-la donatoris_fw-la de_fw-la caetero_fw-la observetur_fw-la and_o therefore_o nothing_o be_v more_o ordinary_a than_o for_o king_n in_o these_o time_n as_o much_o as_o in_o they_o do_v lie_v 1._o to_o dispose_v of_o their_o crown_n by_o their_o last_o will._n thus_o king_n john_n appoint_v henry_n the_o three_o his_o successor_n and_o richard_n the_o first_o devise_v the_o crown_n to_o king_n john_n and_o henry_n the_o first_o give_v all_o his_o land_n to_o his_o daughter_n and_o william_n the_o conqueror_n by_o his_o last_o will_n give_v normandy_n to_o robert_n england_n to_o william_n 3._o and_o to_z henry_n his_o mother_n land_n if_o then_o these_o thing_n of_o great_a moment_n under_o heaven_n be_v ordinary_o dispose_v by_o the_o last_o will_n be_v it_o then_o probable_a that_o the_o small_a freehold_n shall_v be_v of_o too_o high_a esteem_n to_o be_v credit_v to_o such_o conveyance_n i_o will_v not_o be_v mistake_v as_o if_o i_o think_v that_o crown_n and_o empire_n be_v at_o the_o disposal_n of_o the_o last_o will_n of_o the_o possessor_n nor_o do_v i_o think_v that_o either_o they_o be_v thus_o in_o this_o kingdom_n or_o that_o there_o be_v any_o reason_n that_o can_v patronize_v that_o opinion_n yet_o it_o will_v be_v apparent_a that_o king_n have_v no_o sleight_n conceit_n of_o the_o last_o will_n and_o know_v no_o such_o infirmity_n in_o that_o manner_n of_o conveyance_n as_o be_v pretend_v or_o else_o will_v they_o never_o have_v spend_v that_o little_a breath_n leave_v they_o in_o vain_a 5._o i_o have_v observe_v the_o word_n of_o glanvil_n concern_v this_o point_n and_o i_o can_v find_v that_o he_o positive_o deny_v all_o conveyance_n of_o land_n by_o will_n but_o only_o in_o case_n of_o disherison_n the_o ground_n whereof_o be_v because_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o conveyance_n of_o the_o law_n and_o yet_o in_o that_o case_n also_o allow_v of_o a_o dispose_n power_n by_o consent_n of_o the_o heir_n which_o can_v never_o make_v good_a conveyance_n if_o the_o will_n in_o that_o case_n be_v absolute_o void_a and_o therefore_o his_o authority_n lie_v not_o in_o the_o way_n nor_o do_v the_o particular_a custom_n of_o place_n discountenance_v but_o rather_o advance_v this_o opinion_n for_o if_o devise_v of_o land_n be_v incident_a to_o the_o tenure_n in_o gavel-kind_n and_o that_o so_o general_a in_o old_a time_n as_o also_o to_o the_o burgage_n tenor_n which_o be_v the_o rule_n of_o corporation_n and_o city_n 61._o vbi_fw-la leges_fw-la angliae_fw-la deperiri_fw-la non_fw-la possunt_fw-la nec_fw-la defraudari_fw-la nec_fw-la violari_fw-la how_o can_v it_o be_v say_v contrary_a to_o the_o common_a law_n and_o therefore_o those_o conveyance_n of_o land_n by_o last_o will_n that_o be_v in_o and_o after_o these_o time_n hold_v in_o use_n seem_v to_o i_o rather_o remnant_n of_o the_o more_o general_a custom_n waste_v by_o positive_a law_n than_o particular_a custom_n grow_v up_o against_o the_o common_a rule_n 1181._o it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o clergy_n put_v a_o power_n into_o the_o pope_n to_o alter_v the_o law_n as_o touch_v themselves_o in_o some_o case_n for_o roger_n archbishop_n of_o york_n procure_v a_o faculty_n from_o the_o pope_n to_o ordain_v that_o no_o ecclesiastical_a person_n will_v shall_v be_v good_a unless_o make_v in_o health_n 16._o and_o not_o lie_v in_o extremity_n and_o that_o in_o such_o case_n the_o archbishop_n shall_v possess_v himself_o of_o all_o such_o party_n good_n but_o as_o it_o last_v not_o long_o so_o be_v himself_o make_v a_o precedent_n in_o the_o case_n for_o be_v overtake_v with_o death_n ere_o he_o be_v provide_v he_o make_v his_o will_n in_o his_o sickness_n and_o henry_n the_o second_o possess_v himself_o of_o his_o estate_n and_o it_o be_v as_o true_a that_o feme_fw-fr covert_n in_o these_o day_n can_v make_v no_o will_n of_o their_o reasonable_a part_n because_o by_o the_o saxon_a law_n it_o belong_v joint_o to_o the_o child_n nor_o can_v usurer_n continue_v in_o that_o course_n at_o the_o time_n of_o their_o death_n make_v their_o will_n because_o their_o personal_a estate_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n after_o their_o death_n and_o their_o land_n to_o their_o lord_n by_o escheat_n although_o before_o death_n they_o lie_v open_a to_o no_o censure_n of_o law_n but_o this_o be_v by_o a_o especial_a law_n make_v since_o the_o conquerour_n time_n for_o by_o the_o saxon-law_n they_o be_v repute_v as_o outlaw_n 37._o nevertheless_o all_o these_o do_v but_o strengthen_v the_o general_a rule_n viz._n that_o regular_o the_o last_o will_n be_v hold_v in_o the_o general_a a_o good_a conveyance_n in_o law._n if_o the_o will_n be_v only_o intend_v and_o not_o perfect_v or_o no_o will_n be_v make_v 8._o than_o the_o land_n pass_v by_o descent_n and_o the_o good_n hold_v course_n according_a to_o the_o saxon_a law_n viz._n the_o next_o kinsman_n and_o friend_n of_o the_o intestate_a do_v administer_v and_o as_o administrator_n they_o may_v sue_v by_o writ_n out_o of_o the_o king_n court_n although_o the_o clergy_n have_v now_o obtain_v so_o much_o power_n as_o for_o the_o recovery_n of_o a_o legacy_n or_o for_o the_o determine_n of_o the_o validity_n of_o the_o will_n in_o its_o general_a nature_n it_o be_v transmit_v to_o the_o ecclesiastical_a court._n chap._n lxiii_o of_o the_o militia_n of_o this_o kingdom_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o these_o king_n i_o undertake_v not_o the_o debate_n of_o right_n but_o as_o touch_v matter_n of_o fact_n short_o thus_o much_o that_o from_o the_o norman_a time_n the_o power_n of_o the_o militia_n rest_v upon_o two_o principle_n the_o one_o the_o allegiance_n for_o the_o common_a defence_n of_o the_o king_n person_n and_o honour_n and_o kingdom_n and_o in_o this_o case_n the_o king_n have_v the_o power_n to_o levy_v the_o force_n of_o the_o kingdom_n nevertheless_o the_o cause_n be_v still_o under_o the_o cognizance_n of_o the_o great_a council_n so_o far_o as_o to_o agree_v or_o disavow_v the_o war_n if_o they_o see_v cause_n as_o appear_v in_o the_o defection_n of_o the_o baron_n in_o the_o quarrel_n between_o king_n steven_n and_o the_o empress_n and_o between_o king_n john_n and_o his_o baron_n the_o other_o principle_n be_v the_o service_n due_a to_o the_o lord_n from_o the_o tenant_n and_o by_o virtue_n hereof_o especial_o whenas_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o commons_o be_v in_o question_n the_o militia_n be_v sway_v by_o the_o lord_n and_o they_o draw_v the_o people_n in_o arm_n either_o one_o way_n or_o the_o other_o as_o the_o case_n appear_v to_o they_o the_o experience_n whereof_o the_o king_n from_o time_n to_o time_n feel_v to_o their_o extreme_a prejudice_n and_o the_o kingdom_n
gather_v army_n though_o for_o never_o so_o honourable_a employment_n the_o welsh_a chase_n be_v hot_o pursue_v yet_o it_o do_v not_o rid_v much_o way_n for_o it_o cost_v the_o english_a a_o voyage_n of_o nine_o year_n travel_n before_o they_o can_v attain_v the_o shore_n although_o it_o have_v be_v often_o within_o their_o view_n it_o may_v be_v the_o king_n find_v it_o advantageous_a for_o his_o government_n to_o maintain_v a_o army_n in_o the_o field_n under_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o welsh_a war_n that_o he_o may_v more_o bow_v his_o subject_n to_o his_o own_o bent_n for_o during_o these_o war_n the_o king_n make_v many_o breathe_n and_o take_v time_n to_o look_v to_o the_o husband_n of_o his_o own_o revenue_n as_o those_o ordinance_n call_v extenta_fw-la manerii_fw-la and_o officium_fw-la coronatoris_fw-la do_v witness_n and_o the_o statute_n of_o bigami_fw-la but_o the_o people_n be_v not_o altogether_o yet_o tame_v for_o the_o time_n be_v still_o in_o war_n and_o they_o occasion_v much_o waste_n of_o treasure_n put_v the_o king_n to_o the_o utmost_a pitch_n of_o good_a husbandry_n and_o one_o degree_n beyond_o the_o same_o so_o as_o under_o colour_n of_o seize_v his_o own_o he_o sweep_v up_o also_o the_o privilege_n and_o liberty_n of_o his_o subject_n some_o author_n recite_v the_o complaint_n of_o the_o churchman_n virg_n other_o of_o the_o laity_n so_o as_o it_o seem_v the_o king_n be_v no_o respecter_n of_o person_n but_o his_o own_o this_o and_o other_o not_o unlike_a have_v almost_o occasion_v another_o combustion_n have_v not_o the_o meeting_n at_o gloucester_z settle_a thing_n for_o the_o present_a by_o refer_v the_o right_a of_o franchise_n to_o debate_v in_o the_o eyer_n and_o order_v reseizure_n of_o such_o liberty_n into_o the_o subject_n hand_n whereof_o they_o have_v be_v dispossess_v by_o quo_fw-la warranto_fw-la and_o quo_fw-la jure_fw-la under_o colour_n of_o the_o four_o chapter_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o bigami_fw-la nevertheless_o however_o debonair_a the_o king_n seem_v to_o be_v the_o sore_a between_o he_o and_o his_o subject_n be_v not_o full_o cure_v nor_o do_v the_o lord_n trust_v he_o further_o than_o needs_o must_v for_o whether_o they_o serve_v in_o the_o field_n or_o meet_v at_o council_n still_o they_o be_v arm_v and_o during_o this_o dare_a of_o each_o other_o be_v many_o profitable_a law_n make_v whilst_o neither_o party_n dare_v venture_v bloodshed_n in_o touch_v too_o nigh_o upon_o the_o privilege_n of_o each_o other_o principal_o because_o the_o affair_n in_o wales_n be_v but_o lay_v asleep_o and_o upon_o revive_v may_v turn_v the_o balance_n to_o either_o side_n the_o war_n awake_v again_o and_o therein_o be_v consume_v nigh_o five_o year_n more_o of_o the_o king_n reign_n so_o as_o whatever_o his_o intent_n be_v he_o can_v have_v hitherto_o little_a opportunity_n to_o effect_v any_o thing_n for_o the_o advancement_n of_o the_o prerogative_n of_o the_o crown_n at_o home_n nor_o have_v he_o scarce_o breathe_v himself_o and_o army_n from_o the_o welsh_a war_n but_o he_o find_v both_o france_n and_o scotland_n his_o enemy_n at_o once_o the_o king_n face_v only_o the_o first_o and_o fight_v the_o second_o which_o hold_v he_o work_v the_o remainder_n of_o his_o day_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n also_o he_o array_v both_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n at_o his_o own_o home_n as_o if_o providence_n have_v give_v he_o security_n for_o the_o good_a behaviour_n and_o yet_o it_o fail_v he_o in_o the_o issue_n and_o leave_v he_o to_o the_o censure_n of_o the_o world_n whether_o his_o justice_n be_v spontaneous_a or_o by_o necessity_n for_o as_o yet_o he_o hold_v the_o grand_a charter_n at_o parley_n and_o therefore_o be_v rather_o eye_v than_o much_o trust_v albeit_o he_o be_v put_v upon_o confidence_n in_o the_o subject_n discretion_n for_o aid_n of_o he_o in_o his_o continual_a undertake_n nor_o do_v they_o disclaim_v he_o herein_o however_o chargeable_a it_o be_v for_o all_o seem_v willing_a he_o shall_v be_v employ_v any_o where_o so_o as_o not_o within_o the_o four_o sea_n it_o be_v probable_a the_o king_n know_v it_o and_o therefore_o have_v make_v a_o voyage_n into_o france_n he_o change_v the_o scene_n of_o war_n but_o to_o the_o other_o side_n as_o it_o be_v of_o a_o river_n in_o hope_n his_o lord_n will_v follow_v but_o it_o will_v not_o be_v this_o anger_v he_o and_o he_o they_o nor_o will_v his_o clergy_n allow_v he_o any_o aid_n papa_n inconsulto_fw-la and_o therefore_o he_o out_v they_o from_o his_o protection_n these_o and_o his_o irregular_a preparation_n by_o war_n by_o summons_n not_o only_o of_o his_o knight_n but_o all_o other_o that_o hold_v land_n worth_a 20_o l._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la 69._o and_o tax_n impose_v by_o a_o arbitrary_a way_n increase_v rancour_n into_o a_o kind_n of_o state-scoul_a little_o better_o than_o a_o quarrel_n for_o appease_v whereof_o the_o king_n grant_v a_o consultation_n upon_o a_o prohibition_n and_o unto_o both_o clergy_n and_o laity_n a_o confirmation_n of_o the_o grand_a charter_n at_o the_o long_o run_v and_o allow_v it_o as_o the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o second_v the_o same_o with_o many_o succeed_a confirmation_n in_o the_o twenty_o seven_o and_o twenty_o eight_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n as_o if_o he_o have_v utter_o renounce_v all_o thought_n of_o a_o contrary_a way_n 1._o but_o the_o statute_n in_o his_o 28_o year_n have_v a_o sting_n in_o the_o tail_n that_o be_v as_o ill_o as_o his_o save_n of_o ancient_a aid_n and_o prisal_n which_o be_v in_o the_o statute_n of_o confirmation_n of_o the_o charter_n though_o it_o be_v omit_v in_o this_o statute_n for_o the_o save_n be_v of_o such_o a_o sense_n as_o time_n and_o occasion_n will_v move_v the_o king_n heart_n to_o make_v it_o and_o thus_o this_o statute_n become_v like_o a_o hocus_n pocus_fw-la a_o thing_n to_o still_o the_o people_n for_o the_o present_a and_o serve_v the_o king_n turn_n that_o he_o may_v more_o free_o intend_v the_o conquest_n of_o the_o scot_n which_o once_o do_v he_o may_v if_o he_o will_v try_v mastery_n with_o england_n but_o god_n will_v not_o have_v it_o so_o the_o king_n in_o scotland_n have_v power_n to_o take_v but_o can_v not_o overtake_v and_o the_o scot_n like_o bird_n of_o the_o prey_n have_v wit_n enough_o to_o fly_v away_o and_o courage_n enough_o to_o return_v upon_o advantage_n and_o so_o the_o king_n be_v leave_v to_o hunt_v the_o wind_n which_o make_v he_o to_o return_v he_o may_v now_o expect_v the_o applause_n of_o his_o people_n for_o his_o good_a success_n and_o the_o terror_n of_o those_o that_o have_v stop_v the_o broad_a way_n of_o his_o extravagant_a prerogative_n and_o therefore_o look_v big_a rub_v up_o old_a sore_n and_o have_v his_o army_n yet_o in_o the_o field_n send_v for_o those_o lord_n that_o will_v not_o follow_v he_o in_o his_o war_n in_o flanders_n all_o come_v and_o submit_v and_o as_o it_o be_v in_o so_o many_o word_n let_v the_o king_n know_v that_o all_o england_n be_v now_o tame_a and_o like_a to_o be_v ride_v at_o his_o discretion_n and_o now_o there_o be_v nothing_o in_o his_o way_n but_o the_o fatal_a execration_n which_o he_o fear_v not_o in_o relation_n to_o god_n anger_n but_o rather_o to_o the_o exasperate_v clergy_n and_o the_o dread_n of_o the_o pope_n direful_a thunderbolt_n to_o avoid_v this_o storm_n he_o procure_v a_o dispensation_n from_o rome_n to_o perjure_v and_o oppress_v without_o sin_n a_o trick_n that_o he_o learn_v of_o his_o father_n and_o hide_v it_o within_o his_o breast_n till_o now_o about_o two_o year_n before_o his_o end_n he_o bring_v it_o forth_o to_o tell_v all_o the_o world_n that_o hitherto_o he_o have_v be_v just_a against_o his_o will._n but_o have_v obtain_v his_o purpose_n he_o nevertheless_o miss_v of_o his_o end_n for_o a_o new_a king_n of_o scot_n our_o old_a good_a enemy_n by_o divine_a providence_n sudden_o cross_v his_o way_n before_o he_o and_o now_o it_o boot_v not_o to_o contend_v for_o arbitrary_a rule_n in_o england_n and_o lose_v the_o crown_n of_o scotland_n which_o he_o once_o think_v he_o have_v sure_a he_o face_n about_o therefore_o and_o have_v speak_v fair_a to_o his_o people_n for_o scotland_n he_o go_v thus_o if_o all_o be_v not_o in_o a_o parenthesis_n the_o king_n intend_v a_o good_a period_n but_o god_n only_o know_v what_o his_o further_a reach_n will_v have_v be_v if_o he_o have_v return_v for_o he_o be_v take_v out_o of_o this_o world_n in_o scotland_n and_o so_o leave_v this_o his_o government_n somewhat_o like_o a_o imperfect_a sentence_n his_o son_n edward_n shall_v have_v complete_v it_o 2._o but_o that_o he_o want_v his_o father_n sense_n and_o have_v too_o much_o of_o his_o grandfather_n superbient_fw-la humour_n that_o meet_v
that_o they_o may_v not_o appear_v to_o be_v clerk_n 16._o justice_n itinerant_a do_v imprison_v clerk_n defame_v for_o felony_n or_o otherwise_o outlaw_n they_o if_o they_o do_v not_o appear_v and_o otherwise_o proceed_v against_o clerk_n after_o their_o purgation_n before_o the_o ordinary_a 17._o 18._o the_o lay-power_n seize_v upon_o the_o estate_n of_o clerk_n degrade_v for_o crime_n 19_o clergy_n be_v compel_v to_o answer_v and_o give_v satisfaction_n for_o offence_n against_o the_o forest-law_n before_o the_o lay-power_n 20._o and_o in_o case_n of_o default_n the_o bishop_n by_o distress_n be_v compel_v to_o order_n satisfaction_n 21._o as_o well_o in_o such_o case_n as_o in_o personal_a action_n 22._o privilege_n of_o sanctuary_n be_v invade_v by_o force_n 23._o executor_n of_o bishop_n be_v hinder_v from_o administer_a the_o estate_n without_o licence_n first_o obtain_v from_o the_o king._n 24._o the_o king_n tenant_n good_n be_v seize_v after_o their_o decease_n by_o the_o king_n bailiff_n 25._o intestates_fw-la good_n be_v seize_v by_o their_o lord_n and_o their_o ordinary_a hinder_v from_o administration_n 26._o the_o king_n prohibition_n pass_v in_o case_n of_o tithe_n and_o chapel_n 27._o the_o like_a in_o case_n of_o troth_n plight_n perjury_n cerage_n heriet_n or_o other_o church-duty_n as_o money_n for_o reparation_n of_o church_n and_o fence_n in_o churchyard_n pecuniary_a punishment_n for_o adultery_n 28._o and_o cost_n of_o suit_n in_o ecclesiastical_a court_n 40._o sacrilege_n excommunication_n for_o breach_n of_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o church_n 29._o contrary_a to_o the_o grand_a charter_n 30._o in_o case_n of_o prohibition_n if_o the_o ecclesiastical_a judge_n proceed_v contrary_a to_o the_o same_o he_o be_v attach_v and_o compel_v to_o show_v his_o act_n in_o court_n if_o the_o lay-judge_n determine_v the_o cause_n to_o be_v temporal_a the_o ecclesiastical_a judge_n be_v amerce_v if_o he_o proceed_v against_o the_o prohibition_n and_o it_o be_v try_v by_o witness_n of_o two_o ribauld_n and_o in_o case_n it_o be_v find_v for_o the_o ecclesiastical_a judge_n cognizance_n yet_o there_o be_v no_o cost_n allow_v for_o such_o vexation_n 31._o 32._o that_o jew_n in_o matter_n ecclesiastical_a aforesaid_a be_v by_o the_o king_n prohibition_n draw_v from_o the_o ecclesiastical_a judge_n unto_o the_o lay-magistrate_n 34._o question_v about_o land_n give_v in_o frankalmoin_n be_v try_v in_o the_o lay-court_n and_o by_o reason_n of_o such_o tenure_n 35._o the_o owner_n though_o clergy_n man_n be_v compel_v to_o do_v suit_n at_o the_o lay-court_n 36._o and_o be_v charge_v with_o imposition_n and_o be_v distrain_v hereunto_o 37._o although_o the_o lord_n have_v other_o land_n of_o the_o donor_n in_o frankalmoin_n subject_a to_o his_o distress_n 38._o 39_o prelate_n summon_v to_o high_a court_n be_v not_o allow_v to_o make_v attorney_n to_o appear_v for_o they_o in_o the_o inferior_a civil_a court_n 41._o grantee_n of_o murage_n or_o other_o unwonted_a imposition_n compel_v the_o churchman_n to_o pay_v the_o same_o 42_o &_o 43._o the_o clergy_n be_v charge_v with_o quarter_n cart-service_n and_o purvey_v 44._o the_o chancery_n send_v out_o new_a writ_n contrary_a to_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o church_n and_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n without_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n prince_n and_o prelate_n 45._o the_o king_n do_v compel_v the_o clergy_n to_o benevolence_n to_o the_o king_n at_o his_o voyage_n into_o foreign_a part_n 46._o amercement_n grant_v to_o clergyman_n be_v turn_v into_o fine_n by_o the_o justice_n and_o by_o they_o take_v 47._o clergyman_n be_v fine_v for_o want_n of_o appearance_n before_o the_o justice_n itinerant_a and_o of_o the_o forest_n upon_o common_a summons_n 48._o quo_fw-la warranto_n grant_v against_o the_o clergy_n for_o their_o liberty_n and_o the_o same_o seize_v unless_o they_o be_v set_v down_o in_o express_a word_n in_o their_o charter_n notwithstanding_o that_o by_o long_a custom_n they_o have_v enjoy_v the_o same_o 49._o and_o many_o time_n contrary_a to_o express_v grant_n 50._o this_o be_v the_o sum_n of_o their_o paper_n of_o grievance_n and_o because_o they_o find_v the_o king_n either_o wilful_a or_o unconstant_a they_o resolve_v upon_o a_o remedy_n of_o their_o own_o by_o excommunication_n and_o interdiction_n not_o spare_v the_o person_n of_o any_o principal_a or_o accessary_n nor_o their_o land_n no_o not_o of_o the_o king_n himself_o and_o for_o this_o they_o join_v all_o as_o one_o man._n now_o what_o scare_v this_o make_v i_o know_v not_o but_o henry_n the_o three_o in_o the_o stat._n of_o marlb_n and_o edward_n the_o first_o in_o his_o stat._n at_o westminster_n and_o other_o statute_n the_o first_o speak_v fair_a and_o seem_v to_o redress_v some_o of_o these_o complaint_n as_o also_o do_v edward_n the_o second_o and_o yet_o the_o common_a law_n lose_v little_a ground_n thereby_o that_o which_o henry_n the_o three_o do_v beside_o his_o promise_n of_o reform_v be_v do_v in_o the_o stat._n of_o marlbridge_n the_o successor_n of_o abbot_n 29._o prior_n and_o prelate_n etc._n etc._n shall_v have_v a_o action_n of_o trespass_n for_o trespass_n do_v nigh_o before_o the_o death_n of_o their_o decessor_n upon_o the_o estate_n of_o their_o corporation_n and_o shall_v prosecute_v a_o action_n begin_v by_o their_o predecessor_n and_o also_o shall_v have_v a_o assize_n against_o intruder_n into_o any_o of_o the_o possession_n belong_v to_o the_o say_a corporation_n whereof_o their_o predecessor_n die_v seize_v this_o may_v seem_v a_o remedy_n provide_v against_o the_o first_o malady_n complain_v of_o and_o questionless_a bind_v all_o but_o the_o king_n and_o so_o may_v perchance_o abate_v somewhat_o the_o edge_n of_o that_o article_n but_o it_o be_v the_o clergy_n reach_v to_o grow_v rich_a and_o the_o pope_n cunning_a to_o help_v on_o that_o work_n that_o they_o may_v be_v as_o store_v for_o supply_v of_o his_o treasury_n and_o have_v forbid_a abbot_n and_o other_o prelate_n etc._n etc._n the_o liberty_n of_o dispose_v their_o estate_n by_o last_o will_v king_n therefore_o as_o supreme_a patron_n to_o these_o body_n in_o their_o vacancy_n use_v to_o seize_v all_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o prelate_n with_o the_o temporality_n to_o their_o own_o use_n as_o well_o to_o preserve_v the_o riches_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o itself_o and_o the_o possession_n of_o such_o corporation_n from_o spoil_n as_o to_o be_v a_o cloak_n of_o their_o own_o covetousness_n and_o under_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o prelate_n or_o head_n of_o these_o corporation_n all_o the_o good_n and_o chattel_n belong_v to_o the_o say_a corporation_n be_v comprehend_v 25._o in_o regard_n that_o all_o be_v by_o law_n adjudge_v to_o be_v in_o the_o sole_a possession_n of_o such_o head_n and_o without_o who_o all_o the_o rest_n be_v account_v but_o as_o dead_a person_n no_o clergyman_n be_v bind_v to_o attend_v at_o the_o sheriff_n turn_v 10_o william_n the_o conqueror_n first_o exempt_v the_o person_n of_o the_o clergy_n from_o attendance_n upon_o temporal_a court_n yet_o they_o be_v still_o urge_v thereto_o 428._o and_o especial_o by_o a_o law_n in_o henry_n the_o first_o be_v time_n but_o by_o this_o law_n they_o be_v discharge_v 31._o and_o in_o some_o measure_n a_o provision_n make_v against_o the_o grievance_n in_o the_o 39th_o article_n beforementioned_a these_o amends_o we_o find_v make_v to_o the_o clergy_n by_o henry_n the_o three_o beside_o his_o confirm_v the_o grand_a charter_n and_o his_o son_n edward_n the_o first_o pursue_v the_o same_o course_n especial_o in_o his_o first_o time_n when_o he_o be_v but_o tender_o root_v as_o may_v appear_v in_o the_o statute_n of_o west_n 1._o clergyman_n nor_o their_o house_n shall_v be_v charge_v with_o quarter_n 1._o nor_o their_o good_n with_o purveyance_n or_o cart-service_n under_o peril_n of_o imprisonment_n and_o damage_n by_o action_n or_o imprisonment_n the_o great_a endowment_n of_o land_n rent_n and_o revenue_n give_v to_o the_o churchman_n by_o the_o laity_n be_v for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o hospitality_n and_o work_n of_o charity_n the_o founder_n and_o benefactor_n hereby_o obtain_v a_o right_a of_o corody_n or_o entertainment_n at_o such_o place_n in_o nature_n of_o freequarter_n which_o in_o the_o necessitous_a time_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o become_v so_o common_a that_o every_o one_o that_o have_v power_n never_o question_v right_a and_o the_o king_n above_o all_o the_o rest_n by_o mean_n whereof_o the_o church-revenue_n be_v exceed_o waste_a for_o remedy_n whereof_o all_o offender_n be_v by_o this_o statute_n make_v liable_a to_o fine_a and_o imprisonment_n and_o double_a damage_n in_o case_n of_o action_n of_o trespass_n the_o king_n only_o except_v against_o who_o they_o have_v no_o defence_n but_o will_v rather_o have_v win_v he_o to_o have_v be_v their_o defence_n against_o the_o exaction_n from_o rome_n that_o
in_o baronius_n and_o the_o ten_o article_n in_o the_o clergy_n complaint_n first_o recite_v although_o that_o complaint_n both_o in_o the_o 10_o 11_o 12_o and_o 33_o article_n seem_v to_o be_v but_o clamour_n upon_o officer_n and_o not_o the_o king_n court_n of_o justice_n clerk_n officer_n to_o the_o exchequer_n be_v to_o be_v correct_v by_o their_o ordinary_n 8._o and_o yet_o not_o tie_v to_o residence_n during_o their_o attendance_n on_o the_o exchequer_n this_o be_v in_o part_n a_o answer_n to_o the_o second_o article_n of_o the_o clergy_n last_o complaint_n and_o a_o justification_n thereof_o as_o a_o thing_n that_o be_v pro_fw-la bono_fw-mi publico_fw-la clergyman_n good_n shall_v not_o be_v distrain_v either_o in_o the_o highway_n or_o sanctuary-ground_n cleri_fw-la unless_o such_o as_o have_v be_v of_o late_a purchase_n 9_o the_o complaint_n exhibit_v in_o henry_n the_o three_o time_n and_o the_o 8_o article_n be_v only_o in_o ordinary_a personal_a action_n but_o in_o the_o complaint_n make_v in_o edward_n the_o second_o be_v time_n article_n 12._o be_v that_o it_o be_v without_o cause_n that_o they_o be_v so_o distrain_v this_o law_n yield_v they_o somewhat_o viz._n immunity_n from_o distress_n within_o their_o ancient_a possession_n which_o have_v be_v by_o ancient_a custom_n privilege_v but_o yield_v nothing_o as_o touch_v their_o latter_a purchase_a land_n because_o they_o have_v no_o such_o custom_n highway_n and_o sanctuary_n shall_v be_v free_a for_o such_o as_o abjure_v so_o as_o they_o shall_v neither_o be_v restrain_v from_o liberty_n 01._o nor_o necessary_n keep_v from_o they_o felon_n may_v make_v free_a confession_n to_o the_o priest_n without_o danger_n the_o grievance_n in_o the_o 22th_o article_n of_o the_o clergy_n complaint_n in_o henry_n the_o three_o time_n and_o the_o nine_o in_o that_o of_o the_o time_n of_o edw._n 2._o be_v hereby_o relieve_v provide_v that_o the_o delinquent_n keep_v himself_o in_o due_a order_n house_n of_o religion_n shall_v not_o be_v oppress_v with_o corodies_n pension_n 11._o or_o entertainment_n of_o great_a man_n this_o answer_v the_o grievance_n in_o the_o 42._o and_o 43._o of_o the_o first_o complaint_n and_o the_o 18_o of_o the_o latter_a and_o in_o effect_n little_a other_o than_o what_o be_v former_o settle_v by_o west_n 1._o cap._n 1._o the_o king_n tenant_n may_v be_v cite_v before_o the_o ordinary_a out_o of_o their_o own_o town_n and_o if_o excommunicate_v for_o want_n of_o appearance_n 12._o the_o writ_n de_fw-fr excommunicato_fw-la capiendo_fw-la shall_v be_v award_v a_o remedy_n this_o be_v against_o the_o grievance_n in_o the_o 12_o and_o 33_o article_n of_o the_o first_o complaint_n and_o in_o the_o 10_o article_n of_o the_o last_o schedule_n of_o complaint_n and_o thus_o the_o clergy_n have_v get_v the_o day_n of_o the_o king_n tenant_n which_o they_o have_v be_v strive_v for_o ever_o since_o the_o conquest_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o what_o have_v be_v former_o say_v and_o now_o the_o king_n tenant_n be_v in_o no_o better_a condition_n than_o other_o man_n cleri_fw-la viz._n they_o may_v now_o be_v excommunicate_v without_o the_o king_n licence_n nor_o be_v the_o answer_n nunquum_fw-la fuit_fw-la negatum_fw-la to_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o point_n of_o excommunication_n for_o that_o power_n be_v deny_v they_o but_o unto_o the_o cite_n they_o out_o of_o their_o own_o parish_n which_o can_v be_v find_v to_o be_v deny_v to_o the_o clergy_n by_o any_o thing_n that_o yet_o appear_v a_o clerk_n present_v and_o find_v unable_a by_o the_o ordinary_a 13._o shall_v be_v try_v again_o by_o the_o ecclesiastical_a and_o not_o the_o lay-judge_n although_o the_o fitness_n or_o sufficency_n of_o the_o party_n present_v be_v to_o be_v examine_v by_o the_o ordinary_a yet_o the_o civil_a magistrate_n have_v power_n in_o action_n bring_v to_o inquire_v and_o determine_v whether_o the_o ordinary_n work_n be_v right_o do_v and_o so_o the_o 17_o article_n of_o the_o last_o complaint_n answer_v election_n shall_v be_v free_a 14._o the_o law_n be_v of_o the_o same_o with_o this_o in_o the_o stat._n w._n 1._o cap._n 5._o which_o see_v before_o and_o it_o may_v be_v that_o the_o iniquity_n of_o the_o time_n continue_v notwithstanding_o and_o so_o occasion_v the_o renew_n of_o this_o law._n a_o clerk_n have_v take_v sanctuary_n shall_v not_o be_v compel_v to_o adjure_v 15._o nor_o after_o confession_n of_o the_o crime_n or_o appeal_n other_o before_o the_o secular_a judge_n shall_v be_v deny_v his_o clergy_n 16._o although_o the_o temporal_a court_n proceed_v not_o so_o far_o as_o to_o pass_v sentence_n against_o a_o clerk_n that_o have_v take_v sanctuary_n yet_o they_o proceed_v to_o enquiry_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o what_o be_v say_v former_o concern_v the_o stat._n west_n 1._o cap._n 2._o and_o therefore_o though_o this_o law_n in_o the_o 15_o chap._n allow_v that_o a_o clerk_n in_o sanctuary_n shall_v enjoy_v his_o ecclesiastical_a liberty_n yet_o the_o word_n legi_fw-la regni_fw-la se_fw-la reddens_fw-la be_v interpose_v and_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o the_o king_n upon_o indictment_n find_v have_v right_o to_o the_o delinquent_n good_n 34._o and_o profit_n of_o his_o land_n until_o due_a purgation_n and_o then_o his_o land_n be_v by_o a_o writ_n out_o of_o the_o chancery_n to_o be_v restore_v to_o he_o again_o nor_o can_v any_o purgation_n regular_o pass_v before_o the_o party_n be_v indict_v no_o religious_a house_n shall_v be_v charge_v with_o tax_n to_o any_o superior_a without_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n 1._o nor_o shall_v send_v to_o any_o visitation_n out_o of_o england_n this_o be_v neither_o at_o the_o request_n of_o the_o clergy_n nor_o act_n of_o kindness_n intend_v unto_o they_o but_o for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o prevent_v the_o bleed_a of_o the_o treasure_n of_o the_o kingdom_n into_o foreign_a part_n patron_n of_o abbey_n shall_v have_v their_o custody_n during_o their_o vacancy_n 35._o this_o be_v the_o ancient_a law_n now_o revive_v by_o the_o clergy_n consent_n and_o intend_v for_o the_o safeguard_n of_o the_o revenue_n of_o the_o house_n and_o their_o maintenance_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v with_o a_o sicut_fw-la superius_fw-la dictum_fw-la est_fw-la cap._n 5._o the_o good_n of_o the_o clergy_n free_v from_o purveyance_n unless_o they_o will._n 2._o it_o be_v a_o favour_n give_v by_o edw._n 2._o to_o the_o clergy_n to_o gain_v their_o good_a will_n after_o the_o death_n of_o gaveston_n the_o shameful_a defeat_n receive_v in_o scotland_n and_o some_o particular_a testimony_n of_o god_n displeasure_n whereof_o he_o begin_v to_o be_v somewhat_o sensible_a franchise_n hold_v by_o prescription_n or_o charter_n confirm_v and_o trial_n by_o quo_fw-la warranto_fw-la allow_v to_o be_v in_o eyer_n 1._o it_o be_v the_o common_a share_n of_o the_o great_a man_n but_o especial_o of_o the_o clergy_n to_o have_v their_o franchise_n expose_v to_o the_o prey_n of_o the_o eagle_n or_o to_o such_o as_o hawk_v for_o they_o and_o it_o be_v likely_a the_o king_n have_v not_o so_o easy_o for_o go_v his_o prize_n if_o all_o the_o fat_a have_v fall_v to_o his_o own_o share_n but_o perceive_v that_o more_o benefit_n come_v to_o his_o instrument_n than_o be_v meet_v and_o himself_o little_a the_o better_a thereby_o he_o sacrifice_v his_o judge_n to_o the_o people_n but_o it_o be_v to_o his_o own_o behoof_n and_o so_o gain_v both_o credit_n and_o favour_n from_o the_o people_n and_o profit_n to_o himself_o and_o in_o some_o measure_n satisfy_v the_o 48_o 49_o 50._o article_n of_o the_o clergy_n complaint_n in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o and_o the_o 15_o article_n of_o their_o last_o complaint_n land_n or_o tenement_n alien_v to_o a_o religious_a house_n shall_v escheat_n to_o the_o lord_n 37._o if_o the_o alienor_fw-la take_v the_o same_o back_n to_o hold_v of_o that_o house_n the_o ground_n hereof_o principal_o be_v the_o prejudice_n do_v to_o the_o lord_n by_o destruction_n of_o the_o tenure_n albeit_o that_o it_o have_v be_v a_o ancient_a grievance_n complain_v of_o in_o the_o saxon_a time_n that_o the_o clergy_n be_v covetous_a and_o swallow_v down_o estate_n and_o thereby_o weaken_v the_o kingdom_n but_o now_o they_o be_v become_v even_o cheater_n serve_v the_o turn_n of_o treacherous_a tenant_n that_o will_v give_v their_o land_n by_o compact_n with_o the_o churchman_n to_o receive_v they_o again_o from_o they_o to_o hold_v of_o the_o church_n which_o be_v a_o liberty_n that_o man_n thirst_v after_o in_o those_o time_n wherein_o the_o churchman_n be_v more_o adore_v than_o their_o image_n 13._o it_o seem_v this_o law_n be_v make_v after_o bracton_n time_n if_o that_o be_v true_a in_o the_o second_o institutes_n for_o he_o say_v that_o a_o man_n may_v give_v his_o land_n to_o any_o one_o 75._o whether_o christian_n or_o jew_n or_o religious_a person_n
espy_v the_o danger_n and_o how_o necessary_a it_o be_v for_o the_o people_n to_o be_v well_o arm_v in_o these_o time_n of_o general_a broil_n and_o upon_o that_o ground_n allow_v this_o law_n to_o pass_v that_o all_o such_o as_o have_v land_n worth_a 20_o l._n yearly_a beside_o reprizal_n shall_v be_v ready_a not_o to_o be_v knight_n nor_o under_o the_o favour_n of_o other_o be_v there_o any_o ancient_a precedent_n to_o warrant_v it_o but_o to_o find_v or_o to_o enter_v into_o the_o field_n with_o the_o arm_n of_o a_o knight_n or_o to_o provide_v some_o able_a person_n to_o serve_v in_o their_o stead_n unless_o they_o be_v under_o 21_o year_n of_o age_n and_o so_o not_o grow_v up_o to_o full_a strength_n of_o body_n nor_o their_o land_n in_o their_o own_o possession_n but_o in_o custody_n of_o their_o lord_n or_o guardian_n nevertheless_o of_o such_o as_o be_v grow_v to_o full_a age_n yet_o be_v maim_v impotent_a or_o of_o mean_a estate_n and_o tenant_n by_o service_n of_o a_o knight_n it_o be_v have_v into_o a_o way_n of_o moderation_n and_o order_v that_o such_o shall_v pay_v a_o reasonable_a fine_a for_o respite_n of_o such_o service_n nor_o further_o as_o concern_v 〈◊〉_d person_n be_v they_o bind_v but_o as_o touch_v such_o that_o be_v under_o present_a only_o and_o not_o perpetual_a disability_n of_o body_n upon_o they_o incumbent_n as_o often_o as_o occasion_v call_v they_o serve_v by_o their_o deputy_n or_o servant_n all_o which_o be_v ground_v not_o only_o upon_o the_o law_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o but_o also_o upon_o common_a right_n of_o tenure_n the_o arm_n that_o these_o man_n be_v to_o find_v be_v say_v to_o be_v those_o belong_v to_o a_o knight_n which_o be_v partly_o for_o defence_n and_o partly_o for_o offence_n of_o the_o first_o sort_n be_v the_o shield_n the_o helmet_n the_o hauberk_n or_o breastplate_n or_o coat_n of_o mail_n of_o the_o second_o sort_n be_v the_o sword_n and_o lance_n and_o unto_o all_o a_o horse_n must_v be_v provide_v these_o arm_n especial_o the_o defensive_a have_v be_v former_o under_o alteration_n for_o the_o breastplate_n can_v not_o be_v wear_v with_o the_o coat_n of_o mail_n and_o therefore_o must_v be_v use_v as_o occasion_n be_v provide_v of_o either_o and_o for_o this_o cause_n the_o service_n of_o a_o knight_n be_v call_v by_o several_a name_n sometime_o from_o the_o horse_n sometime_o from_o the_o lance_n sometime_o from_o the_o helmet_n and_o not_o seldom_o from_o the_o coat_n of_o mail._n the_o power_n of_o immediate_a command_n or_o call_v forth_o the_o knight_n to_o their_o service_n in_o its_o own_o nature_n be_v but_o ministerial_a and_o subservient_fw-fr to_o that_o power_n that_o order_a war_n to_o be_v levy_v and_o therefore_o as_o in_o the_o first_o saxon_n government_n under_o their_o prince_n in_o germany_n so_o after_o tacitus_n under_o their_o king_n war_n be_v never_o resolve_v upon_o but_o if_o it_o be_v defensive_a it_o be_v by_o the_o council_n of_o lord_n if_o offensive_a by_o the_o general_a vote_n of_o the_o grand_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n so_o by_o virtue_n of_o such_o order_n either_o from_o the_o council_n of_o lord_n or_o grand_a council_n the_o knight_n be_v call_v forth_o to_o war_n and_o other_o as_o the_o case_n require_v summon_v to_o a_o rendezvous_n and_o this_o instrumental_a power_n regular_o rest_v in_o the_o lord_n to_o who_o such_o service_n be_v due_a and_o the_o lord_n be_v summon_v by_o the_o lord_n paramount_n as_o chief_a of_o the_o fee_n of_o which_o their_o tenant_n be_v hold_v and_o not_o as_o king_n or_o chief_a captain_n in_o the_o field_n for_o they_o be_v not_o raise_v by_o proclamation_n but_o by_o summons_n 〈◊〉_d forth_o to_o the_o sheriff_n with_o distress_n and_o this_o only_a against_o such_o as_o be_v within_o his_o own_o fee_n and_o hold_v of_o the_o crown_n the_o king_n therefore_o may_v have_v many_o knight_n at_o his_o command_n but_o the_o lord_n more_o and_o if_o those_o lord_n fail_v in_o their_o due_a correspondency_n with_o the_o king_n all_o those_o of_o the_o inferior_a orb_n be_v carry_v away_o after_o they_o so_o the_o king_n be_v leave_v to_o shift_v for_o himself_o as_o well_o as_o he_o can_v and_o this_o may_v be_v occasion_v not_o only_o from_o their_o tenor_n by_o which_o they_o stand_v oblige_v to_o the_o inferior_a lord_n but_o probable_o much_o more_o by_o their_o popularity_n which_o be_v more_o prevalent_a by_o how_o much_o king_n look_v upon_o the_o commons_o at_o a_o further_a distance_n in_o those_o day_n than_o in_o aftertime_n when_o the_o commons_o interpose_v intentive_o in_o the_o public_a government_n and_o thus_o the_o horseman_n of_o england_n become_v less_o constant_a in_o adhere_v to_o their_o sovereign_n in_o the_o field_n occasion_v king_n to_o betake_v themselves_o to_o their_o foot_n and_o to_o form_v the_o strength_n of_o their_o battle_n whole_o in_o they_o and_o themselves_o on_o foot_n to_o engage_v with_o they_o one_o point_n of_o liberty_n these_o soldier_n by_o tenure_n have_v which_o make_v their_o service_n not_o altogether_o servile_a and_o that_o be_v that_o their_o service_n in_o the_o field_n be_v neither_o indefinite_a nor_o infinite_a but_o circumscribe_v by_o place_n time_n and_o end_n the_o time_n of_o their_o service_n for_o the_o continuance_n of_o it_o be_v for_o a_o set_a time_n if_o it_o be_v at_o their_o own_o charge_n and_o although_o some_o have_v a_o short_a time_n yet_o the_o general_a sort_n be_v restained_a to_o forty_o day_n for_o the_o courage_n of_o those_o time_n consist_v not_o in_o weary_v and_o waste_v the_o soldier_n in_o the_o field_n by_o delay_n and_o long_o work_v in_o wheel_v about_o and_o retire_v but_o in_o play_v their_o prize_n like_o two_o combatant_n of_o resolution_n to_o get_v victory_n by_o valour_n or_o to_o die_v if_o upon_o extraordinary_a occasion_n the_o war_n continue_v long_o than_o the_o tenant_n serve_v upon_o the_o pay_n of_o the_o common_a purse_n the_o end_n of_o the_o service_n of_o the_o tenant_n viz._n their_o lord_n defence_n in_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n stint_v their_o work_n within_o certain_a bound_n of_o place_n beyond_o which_o they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v draw_v unless_o of_o their_o own_o accord_n and_o these_o be_v the_o border_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n which_o in_o those_o day_n extend_v into_o scotland_n on_o the_o north_n and_o into_o a_o great_a part_n of_o france_n on_o the_o south_n and_o therefore_o the_o earl-marshal_n of_o england_n be_v by_o edward_n the_o first_o command_v by_o virtue_n of_o his_o tenure_n to_o attend_v in_o person_n upon_o the_o standart_n under_o his_o lieutenant_n that_o then_o be_v to_o be_v send_v into_o flanders_n which_o be_v no_o part_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o england_n refuse_v and_o notwithstanding_o the_o king_n threat_n to_o hang_v he_o yet_o he_o persist_v say_v he_o will_v neither_o go_v nor_o hang._n not_o only_o because_o the_o tenant_n by_o knight-service_n be_v bind_v to_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o lord_n person_n and_o not_o of_o their_o lieutenant_n but_o principal_o because_o they_o be_v to_o serve_v for_o the_o safety_n and_o defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o therefore_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v draw_v into_o foreign_a country_n nor_o do_v the_o earl-marshal_n only_o this_o but_o many_o other_o also_o both_o knight_n and_o knight_n fellow_n have_v twenty_o pound_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la for_o all_o these_o with_o their_o arm_n be_v summon_v to_o serve_v under_o the_o king_n pay_n in_o flanders_n 71._o i_o say_v multitude_n of_o they_o refuse_v to_o serve_v and_o afterward_o join_v with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o commons_o in_o a_o petition_n to_o the_o king_n and_o complain_v of_o that_o summon_v as_o of_o a_o common_a grievance_n because_o that_o neither_o they_o nor_o their_o ancestor_n be_v bind_v to_o serve_v the_o king_n in_o that_o country_n and_o they_o obtain_v the_o king_n discharge_n under_o his_o broad_a seal_n according_o the_o like_a whereunto_o may_v be_v warrant_v out_o of_o the_o very_a word_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o mortmain_n which_o be_v make_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o these_o time_n 1._o by_o which_o it_o be_v provide_v that_o in_o case_n land_n be_v alien_v contrary_a to_o that_o statute_n and_o the_o immediate_a lord_n do_v not_o seize_v the_o same_o 〈◊〉_d king_n shall_v seize_v they_o and_o dispose_v they_o for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n viz._n upon_o such_o service_n reserve_v as_o shall_v suit_v therewith_o as_o if_o all_o the_o service_n of_o a_o knight_n must_v conduce_v thereto_o and_o that_o he_o be_v no_o further_o bind_v to_o any_o service_n of_o his_o lord_n than_o will_v consist_v with_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o kingdom_n this_o be_v the_o doctrine_n that_o the_o
arm_n yet_o have_v regard_n to_o the_o ancient_a course_n of_o the_o saxon_n save_v that_o they_o urge_v the_o use_n of_o the_o bow_n more_o than_o former_o be_v use_v and_o thereby_o teach_v the_o conquer_v to_o conquer_v the_o conqueror_n in_o future_a age_n of_o these_o sort_n of_o assessment_n before_o this_o stature_n at_o winton_n i_o find_v but_o two_o the_o first_o make_v by_o henry_n the_o second_o and_o the_o other_o by_o henry_n the_o three_o which_o together_o with_o that_o of_o this_o statute_n i_o parallel_v thus_o together_o in_o their_o own_o word_n hen._n 2._o hen._n 3._o stat._n wint._n  _fw-fr land_n good_n  _fw-fr knight_n fee._n 15_o librat_fw-la 60_o mark_n 15_o l._n land_n 40_o mark_n good_n loricam_fw-la loricam_fw-la loricam_fw-la hauberk_n cassidem_fw-la capellum_n ferri_fw-la capellum_n ferri_fw-la shapel_n de_fw-fr fer_fw-fr clipeum_fw-la gladium_fw-la gladium_fw-la espee_fw-mi lanceam_fw-la cultellum_fw-la cultellum_fw-la cotel_n  _fw-fr equum_fw-la equum_fw-la chival_n 16_o mark_n chattel_n 16_o mark_n rent_n 10_o librat_fw-la 40_o mark_n 10_o l._n land_n 20_o mark_n good_n halbergellum_fw-la halbergettum_fw-la halbertum_fw-la hauberk_n capelletum_n ferri_fw-la capellum_n ferri_fw-la capellum_n ferreum_fw-la shapel_n de_fw-fr fer_fw-fr lanceam_fw-la gladium_fw-la gladium_fw-la espee_fw-mi  _fw-fr cultellum_fw-la cultellum_fw-la cotel_n 10_o mark_n chattel_n 10_o mark_n rent_n 100_o s._n 20_o mark_n 100_o s._n land_n wanbais_n perpunctum_fw-la perpunctum_fw-la purpoint_n capelletum_n ferri_fw-la capellum_n ferreum_fw-la capellum_n ferreum_fw-la shapel_n de_fw-fr fer_fw-fr lanceam_fw-la gladium_fw-la gladium_fw-la espee_fw-mi  _fw-fr lanceam_fw-la cultellum_fw-la cotel_n  _fw-fr cultellum_fw-la  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr betwixt_o 5_o l._n and_o 40_o s._n 9_o mark_n betwixt_o 5_o l._n &_o 40_o s._n  _fw-fr gladium_fw-la gladium_fw-la espee_fw-mi  _fw-fr cultellum_fw-la arcum_fw-la &_o sagit_fw-la ark_n &_o setes_n  _fw-fr arcum_fw-la &_o sagit_fw-la cultellum_fw-la cotels_fw-mi  _fw-fr under_o 40_o s._n under_o 9_o mark_n to_o 40_o s._n under_o 40_o s._n  _fw-fr falces_fw-la falces_fw-la faulx_n  _fw-fr gisarmas_fw-la gisarmas_fw-la etc._n etc._n gisarme_v  _fw-fr cultellos_fw-la etc._n etc._n  _fw-fr cotels_fw-mi  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr under_o 20_o mark_n good_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr espee_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr cotels_fw-mi i_o have_v thus_o empale_v these_o three_o that_o the_o reader_n may_v the_o better_o discern_v how_o they_o relate_v each_o to_o other_o and_o so_o may_v the_o better_o understand_v the_o matter_n in_o the_o sum_n and_o i_o must_v explain_v three_o or_o four_o word_n in_o they_o as_o they_o be_v set_v down_o before_o i_o can_v bring_v up_o the_o conclusion_n because_o the_o mistake_n of_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n have_v make_v some_o mistake_n the_o intent_n of_o the_o thing_n 6._o and_o force_v the_o same_o to_o a_o unwarrantable_a issue_n lorica_fw-la signify_v that_o piece_n of_o armour_n that_o defend_v the_o breast_n or_o forepart_n of_o the_o body_n and_o sometime_o be_v make_v of_o plate_n of_o iron_n of_o which_o sort_n i_o conceive_v those_o of_o the_o old_a german_n be_v whereof_o the_o historian_n make_v mention_v tacirus_n paucis_fw-la loricae_fw-la he_o say_v the_o german_n have_v few_o arm_n of_o defence_n of_o their_o forepart_n and_o few_o helmet_n or_o headpiece_n for_o otherwise_o if_o they_o have_v iron_n defence_n for_o their_o head_n they_o will_v not_o have_v be_v content_a with_o defence_n make_v of_o leather_n for_o their_o forepart_n 34._o as_o in_o the_o first_o rude_a time_n they_o may_v have_v be_v sometime_o it_o be_v make_v of_o link_n of_o iron_n and_o common_o be_v call_v a_o coat_n of_o mail_n but_o i_o conceive_v it_o can_v be_v so_o mean_v in_o the_o assessment_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o and_o henry_n the_o three_o because_o that_o those_o of_o the_o second_o degree_n be_v say_v that_o they_o ought_v to_o keep_v 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the_o last_o place_n as_o great_a mistake_n be_v that_o also_o of_o the_o word_n shapell_n de_fw-fr fer_fw-fr which_o be_v take_v by_o some_o to_o betoken_v a_o breastplate_n of_o iron_n for_o the_o truth_n whereof_o the_o reader_n may_v consider_v the_o latin_a word_n capellum_n or_o capelletum_n and_o he_o shall_v find_v that_o it_o be_v a_o iron_n cap_n or_o a_o ordinary_a head-piece_n and_o in_o the_o assize_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o it_o hold_v the_o place_n of_o cassis_n in_o the_o assize_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o for_o the_o manner_n of_o all_o these_o let_v the_o reader_n view_v the_o sculpture_n of_o the_o several_a norman_a king_n arm_v for_o the_o charge_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o their_o several_a reign_n as_o they_o be_v represent_v in_o speed_n history_n it_o may_v also_o be_v conceive_v that_o there_o be_v as_o much_o mistake_n of_o that_o weapon_n which_o be_v call_v cultellum_fw-la or_o cotel_n whilst_o they_o translate_v it_o by_o the_o word_n knife_n for_o 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with_o chattel_n and_o therein_o the_o statute_n at_o winton_n favour_v the_o personal_a estate_n more_o than_o hen._n 3._o and_o he_o more_o than_o hen._n 2._o and_o yet_o all_o of_o they_o pretend_v one_o rule_n of_o ancient_a custom_n i_o believe_v they_o mean_v that_o they_o have_v it_o in_o their_o eye_n but_o not_o in_o their_o heart_n for_o they_o will_v come_v as_o night_n to_o it_o as_o they_o can_v and_o yet_o keep_v as_o far_o from_o it_o as_o they_o dare_v three_o as_o touch_v the_o difference_n of_o the_o arm_n between_o these_o three_o assessment_n it_o seem_v so_o small_a as_o in_o this_o they_o be_v most_o of_o they_o all_o one_o for_o wherein_o hen._n 2._o lead_n both_o hen._n 3._o and_o edw._n 1._o do_v imitate_v save_v that_o they_o add_v the_o horse_n and_o sword_n which_o questionless_a be_v to_o be_v understand_v as_o a_o grant_v case_n that_o the_o complete_a arm_n of_o a_o man_n can_v not_o be_v carry_v and_o manage_v without_o a_o
horse_n nor_o defend_v without_o a_o sword._n as_o touch_v other_o alteration_n it_o may_v be_v do_v upon_o good_a advice_n as_o not_o be_v deem_v meet_a that_o such_o as_o be_v no_o knight_n but_o in_o estate_n shall_v be_v arm_v in_o every_o respect_n like_o as_o the_o knight_n be_v and_o thus_o we_o have_v a_o ancient_a custom_n of_o maintain_v arm_n by_o every_o free_a man_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n first_o make_v uncertain_a by_o the_o avarice_n of_o king_n and_o negligence_n of_o the_o freeman_n and_o bring_v into_o a_o arbitrary_a charge_n at_o length_n reduce_v to_o a_o certainty_n upon_o all_o sort_n of_o inhabitant_n by_o a_o statute-law_n if_o so_o it_o then_o be_v unto_o which_o every_o man_n have_v yield_v himself_o bind_v by_o his_o own_o consent_n but_o to_o what_o end_n be_v all_o this_o i_o say_v it_o be_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o so_o it_o be_v in_o the_o original_n and_o yet_o also_o for_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o king_n 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against_o riot_n and_o against_o foreign_a war_n as_o intestine_a mutiny_n and_o that_o the_o statute_n intend_v the_o one_o as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o will_v appear_v because_o it_o be_v make_v in_o relation_n to_o former_a precedent_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o and_o they_o speak_v plain_o that_o their_o intent_n be_v to_o strengthen_v the_o kingdom_n against_o danger_n from_o abroad_o the_o word_n of_o the_o historian_n be_v clear_a that_o henry_n the_o three_o charge_v all_o that_o have_v 15_o libratas_fw-la terrae_fw-la and_o upward_o shall_v undertake_v the_o arm_n of_o a_o knight_n 916._o ut_fw-la anglia_fw-it sicut_fw-la italia_n militia_n roboraretur_fw-la and_o because_o he_o have_v threat_n from_o beyond_o sea_n 864._o by_o the_o defection_n of_o the_o gascoign_n therefore_o he_o cause_v writ_n to_o issue_n forth_o throughout_o the_o kingdom_n paris_n that_o secundum_fw-la pristinam_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la assessment_n of_o arm_n shall_v be_v secundum_fw-la facultates_fw-la and_o in_o one_o of_o the_o writ_n publish_v by_o the_o historian_n the_o express_a assessment_n of_o h._n 3._o former_o mention_v be_v particular_o set_v down_o nor_o be_v these_o arm_n thus_o assess_v so_o slight_a as_o man_n will_v pretend_v for_o the_o arm_n of_o the_o first_o rank_n be_v the_o complete_a arm_n of_o a_o knight_n and_o their_o estate_n equal_a thereunto_o for_o those_o 15_o libratae_fw-la terrae_fw-la amount_v to_o 780_o acre_n of_o land_n as_o the_o late_a publisher_n of_o paris_n his_o history_n have_v it_o and_o be_v very_o nigh_o the_o reckon_n of_o henry_n huntingdon_n who_o as_o have_v be_v mention_v lay_v a_o helmet_n and_o coat_n of_o mail_n unto_o eight_o hide_n of_o land_n which_o according_a to_o gervase_n of_o tilburie_n account_n come_v to_o 800_o acre_n penult_n every_o hide_n contain_v one_o hundred_o acre_n these_o therefore_o be_v better_o than_o hobler_n and_o the_o succeed_a rank_n find_v arm_n also_o proportionable_a to_o their_o 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provision_n against_o the_o one_o certain_o these_o with_o the_o knighthood_n of_o the_o kingdom_n with_o as_o much_o discretion_n will_v be_v sufficient_a provision_n against_o the_o other_o but_o if_o these_o be_v look_v upon_o in_o the_o late_a sense_n i_o fear_v the_o discretion_n of_o the_o parliament_n will_v have_v be_v much_o more_o question_v in_o arm_v all_o man_n that_o have_v any_o ability_n to_o suppress_v thief_n and_o rogue_n against_o which_o the_o ordinary_a watch_n and_o ward_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v a_o ancient_a and_o approve_a remedy_n and_o sufficient_a safeguard_n and_o i_o will_v fain_o know_v of_o these_o man_n whether_o it_o be_v for_o the_o safety_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o or_o any_o other_o king_n to_o arm_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o people_n especial_o in_o time_n of_o jealousy_n for_o suppress_v of_o thief_n and_o robber_n whenas_o it_o may_v be_v do_v by_o a_o guard_n of_o know_a man_n in_o every_o county_n with_o much_o more_o ease_n and_o less_o charge_n to_o the_o people_n last_o whereas_o it_o be_v endeavour_v to_o make_v this_o statute_n but_o a_o temporary_a provision_n and_o take_v up_o for_o the_o present_a condition_n of_o affair_n when_o thief_n and_o robber_n go_v with_o great_a strength_n and_o in_o multitude_n this_o may_v be_v i_o grant_v of_o some_o efficacy_n if_o it_o have_v be_v introductio_fw-la novi_fw-la juris_fw-la but_o it_o be_v ground_v upon_o a_o former_a custom_n the_o ground_n of_o that_o custom_n which_o be_v defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n must_v be_v the_o warrant_n of_o the_o law_n otherwise_o the_o present_a inconvenience_n may_v be_v remedy_v by_o a_o present_a order_n and_o need_v not_o the_o help_n of_o a_o law_n that_o shall_v rest_v upon_o former_a custom_n or_o provide_v for_o future_a generation_n nevertheless_o if_o all_o be_v grant_v viz._n that_o this_o statute_n be_v but_o a_o present_a order_n that_o the_o arm_n therein_o be_v too_o slight_a to_o resist_v a_o enemy_n and_o the_o end_n thereof_o be_v only_o to_o enable_v the_o kingdom_n against_o thief_n and_o robber_n yet_o can_v not_o edward_n the_o first_o pretend_v to_o have_v any_o power_n to_o assess_v arm_n at_o pleasure_n upon_o occasion_n of_o war_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o precedent_n in_o story_n that_o countenance_v it_o seeing_z henry_n the_o third_z and_o henry_n the_o second_o in_o their_o course_n use_v the_o rule_n secundum_fw-la facultates_fw-la as_o have_v be_v former_o observe_v and_o the_o rule_n forego_v tend_v only_o to_o freeman_n and_o their_o land_n nor_o do_v king_n john_n disclaim_v the_o same_o but_o pursue_v it_o and_o yet_o if_o there_o be_v any_o precedent_n of_o prerogative_n in_o story_n which_o king_n john_n have_v not_o that_o king_n will_v be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o king_n of_o wonderment_n i_o say_v king_n john_n pursue_v it_o when_o he_o be_v in_o the_o strength_n of_o his_o distemper_n threaten_v by_o the_o pope_n provoke_v by_o the_o french_a king_n now_o ready_a in_o the_o field_n vex_v by_o his_o people_n and_o himself_o scarce_o himself_o summon_v to_o defend_v himself_o themselves_o and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n all_o man_n that_o ought_v to_o have_v arm_n or_o may_v have_v arm_n and_o such_o as_o have_v no_o arm_n and_o yet_o arma_fw-la habere_fw-la possint_fw-la let_v they_o also_o come_v ad_fw-la capiendum_fw-la solidatas_fw-la nostras_fw-la and_o according_o there_o come_v a_o vast_a number_n not_o only_o of_o the_o arm_a man_n but_o of_o the_o unarmed_a multitude_n who_o afterward_o be_v send_v to_o their_o own_o home_n when_o victual_n fail_v hitherto_o therefore_o king_n john_n not_o above_o three_o year_n before_o his_o death_n hold_v himself_o to_o the_o assessment_n to_o arm_n only_o of_o such_o as_o have_v land_n and_o at_o this_o time_n of_o exigency_n other_o unarmed_a be_v summon_v
livery_n be_v all_o great_a though_o in_o themselves_o never_o so_o small_a and_o therefore_o be_v sure_a of_o fine_a 7._o and_o ransom_n and_o it_o be_v well_o if_o they_o escape_v a_o year_n imprisonment_n without_o bail_n or_o mainprize_n 4._o lord_n may_v wear_v the_o king_n livery_n but_o may_v give_v none_o knight_n and_o esquire_n may_v wear_v the_o king_n livery_n in_o their_o attendance_n upon_o his_o person_n but_o not_o in_o the_o country_n the_o king_n and_o â—â—ince_n may_v give_v livery_n to_o lord_n 21._o and_o menial_a servant_n the_o sum_n be_v that_o livery_n may_v be_v give_v by_o the_o more_o public_a person_n for_o state_n not_o to_o make_v party_n and_o man_n may_v wear_v livery_n in_o token_n of_o service_n in_o peace_n and_o not_o in_o arms._n one_o thing_n must_v be_v add_v to_o all_o which_o may_v concern_v trial_n in_o all_o viz._n a_o law_n be_v make_v that_o noble_a lady_n shall_v be_v try_v by_o their_o peer_n 6._o a_o law_n now_o of_o the_o first_o stamp_n and_o strange_a it_o be_v that_o it_o never_o come_v before_o now_o into_o the_o breast_n of_o the_o law_n but_o that_o it_o come_v now_o it_o be_v not_o strange_a no_o mean_a person_n than_o the_o duchess_n of_o gloucester_n be_v first_o charge_v with_o treason_n when_o that_o can_v not_o appear_v then_o for_o necromancy_n very_o fit_o that_o she_o may_v be_v try_v by_o the_o ecclesiastical_a way_n of_o witness_n she_o be_v find_v guilty_a and_o a_o sentence_n of_o penance_n and_o imprisonment_n or_o banishment_n pass_v thereupon_o after_o such_o a_o wild_a way_n as_o both_o noble_n and_o commons_o pass_v this_o law_n for_o the_o vindication_n of_o that_o noble_a sex_n from_o such_o huddle_v trial_n for_o the_o future_a chap._n xxii_o of_o the_o militia_n during_o these_o time_n the_o title_n of_o henry_n the_o four_o to_o the_o crown_n be_v maintain_v principal_o by_o his_o tenor_n which_o the_o courtier_n call_v knight_n service_n but_o the_o common_a people_n force_n of_o arm_n and_o that_o which_o destroy_v many_o a_o man_n be_v the_o principal_a mean_n of_o his_o subsistence_n otherwise_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o his_o title_n be_v stark_a naught_o nor_o can_v he_o outface_v mortimer_n title_n without_o a_o naked_a sword_n which_o he_o use_v wary_o for_o he_o have_v enemy_n enough_o to_o keep_v his_o sword_n in_o hand_n and_o friend_n enough_o to_o keep_v it_o from_o strike_v at_o random_n for_o come_v in_o by_o the_o people_n favour_n he_o be_v oblige_v to_o be_v rather_o remiss_a than_o rigorous_a yet_o his_o manner_n of_o come_v be_v by_o the_o sword_n and_o that_o occasion_v man_n much_o to_o debate_v about_o his_o absolute_a power_n in_o the_o militia_n as_o suppose_v that_o what_o power_n he_o have_v other_o king_n may_v de_n jure_v challenge_v the_o same_o and_o let_v that_o be_v take_v for_o grant_v though_o it_o will_v not_o necessary_o follow_v in_o true_a reason_n and_o let_v it_o also_o be_v take_v for_o good_a that_o henry_n the_o four_o enter_v the_o throne_n by_o his_o sword_n yet_o be_v there_o not_o any_o monument_n in_o story_n or_o antiquity_n that_o favour_v any_o absolute_a right_n in_o he_o over_o the_o militia_n but_o the_o current_n be_v i_o think_v somewhat_o clear_a against_o it_o first_o because_o henry_n the_o four_o de_n jure_fw-la can_v not_o compel_v man_n to_o serve_v beyond_o the_o sea_n but_o raise_v they_o by_o contract_n and_o therefore_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n 13._o he_o do_v confirm_v the_o statute_n 1_o edw._n 3._o stat._n 2._o cap._n 5._o which_o statute_n be_v purposely_o make_v to_o that_o end_n and_o the_o same_o also_o be_v countenance_v by_o another_o statute_n make_v in_o these_o time_n 19_o whereof_o we_o now_o treat_v by_o the_o word_n whereof_o appear_v that_o the_o soldier_n for_o the_o foreign_a service_n be_v levy_v by_o contract_n between_o they_o and_o the_o captain_n who_o undertake_v to_o levy_v they_o by_o wage_n so_o as_o none_o be_v then_o compel_v to_o enter_v into_o service_n by_o impress_v or_o absolute_a command_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o authority_n among_o all_o those_o cite_v in_o calvin_n case_n that_o do_v mention_v any_o such_o thing_n 100_o but_o contrary_o that_o opinion_n of_o thirn_a be_v express_v that_o the_o king_n can_v send_v man_n beyond_o sea_n to_o war_n without_o wage_n and_o therefore_o no_o man_n be_v bind_v to_o any_o such_o service_n by_o any_o absolute_a legiance_n as_o the_o reporter_n will_v understand_v the_o point_n but_o if_o he_o receive_v wages_n thereto_o he_o by_o that_o contract_n bind_v himself_o second_o it_o seem_v also_o to_o be_v grant_v that_o such_o as_o go_v voluntary_o in_o the_o king_n service_n ever_o have_v the_o king_n pray_v after_o they_o be_v out_o of_o their_o county_n if_o the_o king_n rule_v by_o his_o law_n for_o by_o the_o statute_n former_o mention_v the_o king_n do_v likewise_o confirm_v the_o statute_n of_o 18_o edw._n 3._o stat._n 2._o cap._n 7._o which_o be_v express_v in_o that_o point_n and_o the_o matter_n in_o fact_n also_o be_v evident_a upon_o the_o record_n three_o touch_v the_o arm_n of_o those_o that_o be_v thus_o levy_v as_o there_o be_v a_o certain_a law_n by_o which_o all_o man_n be_v assess_v to_o certain_a arm_n either_o by_o the_o service_n and_o tenure_n of_o their_o land_n or_o by_o parliament_n for_o such_o as_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o find_v sufficient_a arm_n by_o their_o tenure_n according_a as_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o statute_n 25_o edw._n 3._o stat._n 5._o cap._n 8._o 4._o so_o do_v henry_n the_o four_o by_o the_o statute_n former_o mention_v to_o be_v make_v in_o his_o time_n confirm_v that_o law_n of_o edward_n the_o three_o in_o the_o argument_n of_o calvin_n case_n it_o be_v much_o insist_v upon_o to_o prove_v the_o legiance_n of_o a_o english_a man_n to_o the_o king_n to_o be_v absolute_a because_o he_o have_v power_n to_o send_v man_n to_o war_n at_o his_o pleasure_n and_o he_o have_v the_o only_a power_n to_o make_v war_n and_o if_o so_o then_o have_v he_o absolute_a power_n in_o the_o militia_n as_o touch_v the_o power_n of_o send_v man_n to_o war_n have_v be_v already_o speak_v but_o as_o touch_v the_o power_n to_o make_v war_n there_o be_v no_o doubt_n â—_o but_o where_o a_o king_n have_v make_v a_o league_n with_o another_o king_n he_o only_o can_v break_v that_o league_n and_o so_o make_v war_n and_o that_o opinion_n of_o brian_n must_v be_v agree_v for_o good_a in_o that_o sense_n but_o if_o a_o league_n be_v make_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n or_o if_o the_o king_n will_v have_v war_n and_o the_o parliament_n will_v make_v a_o league_n without_o he_o no_o authority_n do_v in_o such_o case_n avouch_v that_o it_o be_v the_o right_n of_o the_o king_n or_o that_o he_o have_v a_o legal_a power_n to_o break_v that_o league_n as_o he_o please_v neither_o in_o the_o next_o place_n have_v the_o king_n any_o right_a or_o legal_a power_n to_o make_v war_n with_o his_o own_o subject_n as_o he_o please_v but_o be_v bind_v to_o maintain_v the_o peace_n not_o only_o by_o his_o oath_n at_o his_o coronatiion_n but_o also_o by_o the_o law_n whereto_o he_o be_v bind_v if_o he_o will_v reign_v in_o right_n of_o a_o english_a king._n for_o every_o man_n know_v that_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o wear_v of_o livery_n be_v for_o the_o maintain_n of_o the_o public_a peace_n and_o henry_n the_o four_o among_o other_o provision_n make_v against_o that_o trick_n 7._o have_v this_o that_o the_o king_n shall_v give_v only_o his_o honourable_a livery_n to_o his_o lord_n temporal_a who_o shall_v please_v he_o and_o to_o his_o knight_n and_o esquire_n menial_a and_o to_o his_o knight_n and_o esquire_n which_o be_v of_o his_o retinue_n and_o take_v of_o he_o their_o yearly_a fee_n for_o term_n of_o life_n and_o that_o no_o yeoman_n shall_v take_v or_o wear_v any_o livery_n of_o the_o king_n nor_o of_o none_o other_o lord_n 21._o and_o another_o law_n be_v make_v within_o one_o year_n ensue_v confirm_v the_o former_a and_o provide_v that_o the_o prince_n may_v give_v livery_n to_o such_o lord_n as_o he_o please_v and_o to_o his_o menial_a gentleman_n and_o that_o they_o may_v wear_v the_o same_o as_o in_o the_o king_n case_n by_o both_o which_o the_o king_n and_o prince_n be_v both_o in_o one_o case_n as_o touch_v the_o power_n of_o give_v livery_n if_o the_o one_o have_v absolute_a power_n then_o have_v the_o other_o the_o like_a if_o one_o be_v under_o the_o directory_n of_o law_n in_o that_o point_n then_o be_v also_o the_o other_o for_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o the_o king_n be_v intend_v by_o the_o statute_n to_o be_v bind_v from_o give_v livery_n and_o the_o people_n from_o wear_v they_o
and_o nothing_o shall_v hinder_v it_o but_o the_o special_a reservation_n of_o the_o donor_n and_o yet_o he_o say_v that_o such_o gift_n or_o grant_n take_v not_o away_o the_o right_n of_o the_o lord_n paramount_n in_o his_o tenure_n 27._o albeit_o the_o gift_n be_v in_o free_a alms._n nevertheless_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v such_o restraint_n that_o the_o templar_n and_o hospitaller_n be_v fain_o to_o find_v out_o a_o new_a way_n which_o be_v to_o protect_v man_n tenement_n from_o execution_n of_o law_n by_o levy_v cross_n thereon_o albeit_o the_o right_a of_o the_o lord_n be_v not_o bar_v 33._o and_o therefore_o edw._n 1._o provide_v a_o law_n to_o make_v this_o also_o in_o nature_n of_o a_o mortmain_n within_o the_o statute_n make_v in_o the_o seven_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n 1._o call_v the_o statute_n de_fw-fr religiosis_fw-la by_o which_o it_o be_v enact_v that_o in_o case_n of_o such_o alienation_n in_o mortmain_n the_o lord_n shall_v have_v liberty_n to_o enter_v if_o he_o fail_v than_o the_o lord_n paramount_n or_o if_o he_o fail_v the_o king_n shall_v enter_v and_o dispose_v of_o the_o same_o and_o that_o no_o licence_n of_o mortmain_n shall_v be_v sue_v out_o but_o by_o the_o mean_a lord_n assent_n and_o where_o part_n of_o the_o premise_n remain_v still_o in_o the_o donor_n terris_fw-la and_o the_o original_a writ_n mention_v all_o the_o particular_n and_o thus_o at_o length_n be_v this_o issue_n for_o the_o present_a stay_v which_o hitherto_o waste_v the_o strength_n of_o the_o kingdom_n 39_o and_o by_o continual_a current_n empty_v it_o into_o the_o mare_n mortuum_fw-la of_o the_o clergy_n consume_v the_o maintenance_n of_o knight_n service_n by_o convert_v the_o same_o to_o clerk-service_n no_o judge_n shall_v compel_v a_o freeman_n to_o make_v oath_n without_o the_o king_n command_n so_o be_v the_o sense_n of_o the_o law_n render_v by_o a_o ancient_a author_n 3._o and_o i_o hope_v i_o shall_v not_o wrong_v the_o text_n if_o i_o affirm_v that_o the_o ecclesiastical_a judge_n be_v include_v within_o the_o equity_n though_o proper_o he_o be_v not_o balivus_fw-la for_o the_o law_n intend_v to_o show_v that_o it_o be_v a_o liberty_n that_o the_o subject_n have_v not_o to_o be_v compel_v to_o take_v oath_n without_o the_o king_n especial_a command_n and_o by_o consequence_n it_o show_v also_o that_o the_o king_n at_o that_o time_n and_o until_o then_o have_v the_o directory_n of_o oath_n for_o it_o be_v a_o ancient_a liberty_n give_v in_o the_o king_n charter_n unto_o such_o as_o they_o please_v viz._n to_o impose_v oath_n and_o to_o punish_v for_o breach_n of_o oath_n 2._o and_o this_o pass_v under_o the_o word_n athae_fw-la or_o athas_n and_o so_o edmund_n the_o saxon_a king_n give_v to_o the_o abbey_n of_o glastenbury_n among_o other_o athas_n &_o ordulas_n and_o the_o churchman_n that_o first_o procure_v vacation_n from_o suit_n of_o law_n during_o holy_a time_n procure_v a_o law_n also_o to_o be_v settle_v by_o edward_n the_o saxon_a king_n 9_o and_o gunthurne_v the_o dane_n that_o ordeal_o and_o oath_n shall_v be_v forbid_v upon_o the_o holy_a feast_n and_o lawful_a fast_n and_o a_o wonder_v it_o be_v how_o it_o escape_v the_o gripe_n of_o the_o clergy_n so_o long_o who_o catch_v at_o any_o thing_n that_o have_v but_o a_o glance_n of_o god_n worship_n in_o it_o and_o if_o this_o be_v the_o subject_n liberty_n not_o to_o be_v compel_v to_o swear_v sure_o much_o more_o not_o to_o be_v compel_v to_o accuse_v himself_o unless_o by_o the_o law_n he_o be_v especial_o bind_v 106._o for_o it_o be_v glanvil_n rule_n ob_fw-la infamiam_fw-la non_fw-la solet_fw-la juxta_fw-la legem_fw-la terrae_fw-la aliquis_fw-la per_fw-la legem_fw-la apparentem_fw-la se_fw-la purgare_fw-la nisi_fw-la prius_fw-la convictus_fw-la fuerit_fw-la vel_fw-la confessus_fw-la in_o curia_fw-la but_o the_o power_n of_o the_o clergy_n now_o be_v grow_v strong_a and_o they_o begin_v to_o remember_v themselves_o and_o that_o oath_n be_v of_o a_o holy_a regard_n and_o they_o man_n for_o holiness_n best_a able_a to_o judge_v when_o and_o to_o who_o they_o shall_v be_v minister_v and_o therefore_o now_o they_o begin_v to_o enter_v their_o claim_n and_o to_o make_v a_o sure_a title_n they_o get_v a_o grant_n from_o pope_n innocent_a to_o steven_n langton_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n of_o a_o faculty_n of_o licens_v administration_n of_o oath_n during_o the_o time_n of_o lent_n and_o he_o according_o enjoy_v it_o during_o the_o mad_a time_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o but_o edward_n the_o first_o quarrel_v it_o and_o leave_v it_o questionable_a to_o edward_n the_o second_o who_o be_v in_o his_o condition_n as_o a_o lose_a man_n have_v less_o care_n of_o such_o small_a matter_n and_o therefore_o allow_v that_o his_o judge_n of_o assize_n shall_v be_v license_v by_o the_o archbishop_n to_o administer_v oath_n in_o their_o circuit_n in_o the_o sacred_a time_n of_o advent_n and_o septuagessima_fw-la 209._o and_o this_o course_n continue_v till_o henry_n the_o eighth_n time_n the_o clergy_n have_v thus_o get_v the_o bridle_n gallop_v amain_o they_o now_o call_v who_o they_o will_v and_o put_v they_o to_o their_o oath_n to_o accuse_v other_o man_n or_o themselves_o or_o else_o they_o be_v excommunicate_v henry_n the_o three_o withstand_v this_o course_n if_o the_o clergyman_n complaint_n in_o the_o time_n of_o that_o king_n artic._n 9_o be_v true_a and_o notwithstanding_o the_o same_o the_o law_n hold_v its_o course_n and_o in_o pursuance_n thereof_o we_o find_v a_o attachment_n upon_o a_o prohibition_n in_o this_o form_n ensue_v put_v the_o bishop_n of_o n._n to_o his_o pledge_n 36._o that_o he_o be_v before_o our_o justice_n to_o show_v cause_n why_o he_o make_v to_o be_v summon_v and_o by_o ecclesiastical_a censure_n constrain_v lay-person_n man_n or_o woman_n to_o appear_v before_o he_o to_o swear_v unwilling_o at_o the_o bishop_n pleasure_n to_o the_o great_a prejudice_n of_o our_o crown_n and_o dignity_n and_o contrary_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n and_o thus_o both_o king_n and_o clergy_n be_v at_o contest_v for_o this_o power_n over_o the_o people_n conscience_n to_o which_o neither_o have_v the_o right_a otherwise_o than_o by_o rule_n of_o law._n bigamists_n shall_v not_o be_v allow_v their_o clergy_n 5._o whether_o they_o become_v such_o before_o the_o council_n of_o lion_n or_o since_o and_o that_o constitution_n there_o make_v shall_v be_v so_o construe_v whatsoever_o therefore_o their_o synod_n in_o those_o time_n pretend_v against_o the_o marry_a clergy_n it_o seem_v by_o this_o law_n that_o they_o have_v clergy_n that_o be_v marry_v once_o and_o again_o and_o yet_o before_o and_o after_o the_o council_n be_v admit_v as_o clerk_n in_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o law._n but_o the_o general_a council_n interpose_v their_o authority_n and_o deprive_v they_o that_o be_v the_o second_o time_n marry_v of_o all_o their_o privilege_n of_o clergy_n it_o be_v it_o seem_v twenty_o year_n and_o more_o after_o that_o council_n before_o the_o churchman_n in_o england_n be_v thorough_o reform_v for_o either_o some_o be_v still_o bigami_fw-la at_o the_o make_n of_o this_o law_n or_o as_o touch_v that_o point_n it_o be_v vain_a nor_o be_v it_o easy_a to_o conceive_v what_o occasion_n shall_v after_o so_o long_a a_o time_n move_v such_o exposition_n council_n the_o word_n of_o the_o constitution_n be_v bigamos_fw-la omni_fw-la privilegio_fw-la clericali_fw-la declaramus_fw-la esse_fw-la nudatos_fw-la now_o whether_o this_o slow_a reformation_n arise_v from_o the_o defect_n in_o law_n or_o in_o obedience_n thereto_o may_v be_v gather_v from_o some_o particular_n ensue_v first_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o the_o canon_n of_o general_a council_n eo_fw-la nomine_fw-la have_v former_o of_o ancient_a time_n get_v a_o kind_n of_o pre-eminence_n in_o this_o nation_n but_o by_o what_o mean_n be_v not_o so_o clear_a in_o the_o saxon_a time_n they_o be_v of_o no_o further_a force_n than_o the_o great_a council_n of_o this_o kingdom_n allow_v by_o express_a act_n for_o the_o nicene_n faith_n and_o the_o first_o five_o general_a council_n be_v receive_v by_o synodical_a confirmation_n of_o this_o kingdom_n make_v in_o the_o joint_a meeting_n both_o of_o the_o laity_n and_o clergy_n and_o during_o such_o joint_n consult_v the_o summons_n to_o the_o general_a council_n be_v send_v to_o the_o king_n to_o send_v bishop_n abbot_n etc._n etc._n but_o after_o that_o the_o laity_n be_v exclude_v by_o the_o clergy_n from_o their_o meeting_n and_o the_o king_n himself_o also_o serve_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n the_o summons_n to_o the_o general_a council_n issue_v forth_o to_o the_o bishop_n immediate_o and_o in_o particular_a to_o each_o of_o they_o and_o to_o the_o abbot_n and_o prior_n in_o general_a by_o virtue_n whereof_o they_o go_v inconsulto_fw-la rege_fw-la paris_n and_o sometime_o rege_fw-la