aid_v and_o therefore_o a_o tenant_n in_o burgage_n shall_v be_v contributory_a to_o it_o and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v and_o so_o it_o appear_v in_o the_o register_n foe_n 1_o &_o 2._o that_o in_o a_o writ_n of_o right_n if_o the_o land_n or_o tenement_n be_v hold_v by_o knight_n service_n it_o be_v say_v quas_fw-la clamat_fw-la tenere_fw-la de_fw-la te_fw-la per_fw-la servitium_fw-la unius_fw-la feodi_fw-la militis_fw-la and_o if_o the_o land_n be_v hold_v in_o socage_n the_o writ_n be_v quis_fw-la clamat_fw-la tenere_fw-la de_fw-la te_fw-la per_fw-la liberum_fw-la servitium_fw-la unius_fw-la libri_fw-la cumini_fw-la etc._n etc._n so_o as_o socage_n tenure_n in_o all_o writ_n be_v call_v liberum_fw-la servitium_fw-la and_o by_o the_o writ_n of_o aid_n fitz._n n._n b._n 82._o it_o be_v command_v to_o the_o sheriff_n quod_fw-la just_a etc._n etc._n facias_fw-la habere_fw-la a._n rationabile_fw-la auxilium_fw-la de_fw-la militibus_fw-la &_o liberis_fw-la tenentibus_fw-la suis_fw-la in_o baliva_fw-la tua_fw-la etc._n etc._n so_o as_o the_o same_o writ_n make_v a_o distinction_n of_o knight_n service_n by_o the_o name_n of_o militibus_fw-la and_o of_o socage_n by_o the_o name_n of_o liberis_fw-la tenentibus_fw-la and_o in_o the_o register_n fol._n 2._o 6._o the_o writ_n of_o right_n for_o a_o house_n in_o london_n which_o be_v hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o burgage_n be_v in_o these_o word_n rex_fw-la majori_fw-la vel_fw-la custodi_fw-la &_o vicecom_v london_n praecipimus_fw-la vobis_fw-la quod_fw-la sine_fw-la dilatione_fw-la teneatis_fw-la g._n de_fw-fr uno_fw-la messuagio_fw-it etc._n etc._n in_o london_n quae_fw-la clamat_fw-la tenere_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la per_fw-la liberum_fw-la servitium_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o prove_v that_o tenure_n in_o burgage_n be_v a_o tenure_n in_o socage_n but_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o book_n of_o avowry_n 26._o and_o 10_o h._n 6._o so_o ancient_a demesne_n 11._o it_o be_v resolve_v by_o all_o the_o justice_n in_o the_o exchequer_n chamber_n that_o no_o tenure_n shall_v pay_v for_o a_o reasonable_a aid_n to_o marry_v the_o daughter_n or_o to_o make_v the_o son_n a_o knight_n but_o tenure_n by_o knight_n service_n and_o tenure_n by_o socage_n but_o not_o tenure_n by_o grandserjanty_n nor_o no_o other_o and_o 13_o h._n 4._o 34._o agree_v to_o the_o case_n of_o grandserjanty_n and_o by_o the_o say_a book_n it_o appear_v that_o tenure_n by_o frankalmoign_n and_o tenure_n by_o divine_a service_n shall_v not_o pay_v for_o they_o be_v none_o of_o they_o but_o tenure_n in_o burgage_n be_v a_o tenure_n in_o socage_n and_o therefore_o the_o say_a book_n prove_v that_o such_o a_o tenure_n shall_v pay_v aid_n and_o i_o conceive_v that_o tenure_n by_o petit-serjanty_a shall_v pay_v also_o aid_v for_o litt._n lib._n 2._o cap._n 8._o foe_n 36._o say_v that_o such_o a_o tenure_n be_v but_o socage_n in_o effect_n but_o fitz._n n._n b._n 83._o a._n avouch_v 13_o h._n 4._o 34._o that_o tenant_n by_o petit-serjanty_a shall_v not_o pay_v aid_n but_o the_o book_n only_o extend_v to_o grandserjanty_a if_o the_o house_n in_o a_o city_n or_o borough_n be_v hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o burgage_n and_o the_o king_n grant_v the_o seignory_n to_o one_o and_o the_o city_n or_o borough_n to_o another_o to_o hold_v of_o he_o than_o those_o house_n shall_v not_o be_v contributory_a to_o aid_v for_o they_o be_v not_o immediate_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n as_o be_v require_v by_o the_o law_n and_o i_o conceive_v that_o he_o who_o hold_v a_o rent_n of_o the_o king_n by_o knight_n service_n or_o in_o socage_n shall_v pay_v aid_n for_o the_o word_n of_o the_o act_n of_o westm_n 1._o cap._n 35._o be_v from_o henceforth_o of_o a_o whole_a knight_n fee_n only_o be_v take_v 20_o s._n of_o 20_o l._n land_n hold_v in_o socage_n 20_o s._n and_o the_o mean_a be_v say_v in_o supposition_n of_o law_n to_o hold_v the_o land_n and_o it_o be_v not_o reason_n that_o the_o tenant_n by_o his_o feoffment_n before_o the_o statute_n shall_v prejudice_v the_o lord_n of_o his_o benefit_n and_o although_o it_o be_v say_v that_o a_o tenure_n in_o socage_n in_o servitium_fw-la socae_fw-la as_o littleton_n say_v and_o the_o same_o can_v be_v apply_v to_o house_n to_o that_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o the_o land_n upon_o which_o the_o house_n be_v build_v or_o if_o the_o house_n fall_v down_o may_v be_v make_v arable_a and_o be_v plough_v and_o a_o rent_n may_v be_v hold_v in_o socage_n and_o yet_o it_o be_v not_o subject_a to_o be_v plough_v but_o by_o a_o possibility_n after_o word_n escheat_n to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o land_n see_v huntingdon_n polidor_n virgil_n and_o hollinsheds_n chronicle_n fol._n 35._o 15_o h._n 4._o aid_n be_v levy_v by_o hen._n 7._o 1._o to_o marry_v maud_n his_o elder_a daughter_n to_o the_o emperor_n viz._n 3_o l._n of_o every_o hide_n of_o land_n etc._n etc._n and_o see_v the_o grand_a customary_a of_o normandy_n cap._n 35._o there_o be_v a_o chapter_n of_o aid_n whereof_o the_o first_o be_v to_o make_v the_o elder_a son_n of_o his_o lord_n a_o knight_n and_o the_o second_o to_o marry_v his_o elder_a daughter_n and_o see_v a_o statute_n make_v in_o anno_fw-la 19_o h._n 7._o which_o begin_v thus_o item_n praefati_fw-la commune_v in_o parliamento_fw-la praedicto_fw-la existentes_fw-la ex_fw-la assensu_fw-la duorum_fw-la spiritualium_fw-la &_o temporalium_fw-la in_o dicto_fw-la parliamento_fw-la similiter_fw-la existen_v concesserunt_fw-la praefato_fw-la regi_fw-la quandà m_fw-la pecuniae_fw-la summam_fw-la in_o loco_fw-la duorum_fw-la rationabilium_fw-la auxiliorum_fw-la suae_fw-la majestatis_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la debit_fw-la tam_fw-la ratione_fw-la creationis_fw-la nobilissimi_fw-la silij_fw-la svi_fw-la primogeniti_fw-la bonae_fw-la memoriae_fw-la domini_fw-la arthuri_fw-la nuper_fw-la principis_fw-la walliae_fw-la quam_fw-la ratione_fw-la matrimonii_fw-la &_o traductionis_fw-la nobilissimi_fw-la principis_fw-la margaritae_n filiae_fw-la suae_fw-la primogenit_fw-la quam_fw-la etiam_fw-la multiplicare_fw-la pro_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la perpetua_fw-la pace_fw-la &_o tranquillitate_fw-la etc._n etc._n certis_fw-la viis_fw-la &_o modis_fw-la levand_n cujus_fw-la quidem_fw-la concessionis_fw-la tenor_n etc._n etc._n sequitur_fw-la in_o haec_fw-la verba_fw-la for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o king_n our_o sovereign_a lord_n be_v rightful_o entitle_v to_o have_v two_o reasonable_a aid_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o this_o land_n the_o one_o for_o the_o make_v knight_n the_o right_n honourable_a his_o first_o beget_v son_n arthur_n late_a prince_n of_o wales_n decease_v and_o the_o other_o for_o that_o the_o marriage_n of_o the_o right_n noble_a princess_n his_o first_o beget_v daughter_n margaret_n now_o marry_v to_o the_o king_n of_o scot_n and_o also_o that_o his_o highness_n have_v bear_v great_a and_o inestimable_a charge_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o realm_n etc._n etc._n consider_v the_o premise_n and_o if_o the_o same_o aid_n shall_v be_v levy_v and_o have_v by_o reason_n of_o their_o tenor_n according_a to_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o the_o land_n shall_v be_v to_o they_o doubtful_a and_o uncertain_a and_o great_a unquietness_n for_o the_o search_n and_o not_o knowledge_n of_o their_o several_a tenor_n and_o their_o land_n chargeable_a to_o the_o same_o have_v make_v humble_a petition_n unto_o his_o highness_n gracious_o to_o accept_v and_o take_v of_o they_o the_o sum_n of_o 40000_o l._n as_o well_o in_o recompense_n and_o satisfaction_n of_o the_o say_v two_o aid_n as_o for_o the_o say_v great_a and_o inestimable_a charge_n etc._n etc._n as_o be_v aforesaid_a the_o king_n to_o eschew_v and_o avoid_v the_o great_a vexation_n trouble_n and_o unquietness_n which_o to_o they_o shall_v have_v ensue_v if_o the_o say_a aid_n be_v levy_v after_o the_o ancient_a law_n and_o for_o the_o good_a and_o acceptable_a service_n of_o the_o noble_n of_o this_o realm_n and_o other_o his_o faithful_a subject_n in_o their_o own_o person_n and_o otherwise_o do_v to_o his_o grace_n and_o thereby_o sustain_v manifold_a cost_n and_o charge_n to_o his_o great_a honour_n and_o pleasure_n do_v pardon_v the_o say_v two_o aid_n and_o accept_v the_o offer_n aforesaid_a and_o that_o the_o poor_a of_o his_o say_a commons_o shall_v not_o be_v contributory_a to_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o 40000_o l._n have_v pardon_v 10000_o l._n parcel_n thereof_o and_o do_v accept_v of_o 30000_o l._n in_o full_a satisfaction_n etc._n etc._n and_o that_o the_o city_n and_o borough_n town_n and_o place_n be_v in_o every_o shire_n not_o by_o themselves_o accountable_a in_o the_o exchequer_n for_o fifteen_o and_o ten_o be_v chargeable_a with_o the_o shire_n etc._n etc._n and_o all_o city_n and_o borough_n not_o contributory_a etc._n etc._n but_o accountable_a by_o themselves_o etc._n etc._n shall_v be_v chargeable_a by_o themselves_o towards_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o say_v 30000_o l._n with_o such_o sum_n as_o under_o the_o act_n particular_o appear_v etc._n etc._n and_o there_o under_o the_o act_n appear_v the_o several_a taxation_n of_o every_o several_a county_n city_n
tree_n and_o clay_n etc._n etc._n which_o he_o have_v not_o but_o as_o thing_n annex_v to_o the_o land_n and_o therefore_o he_o can_v not_o have_v they_o when_o he_o have_v depart_v with_o his_o whole_a interest_n nor_o he_o can_v not_o take_v they_o either_o for_o reparation_n or_o otherwise_o but_o when_o tenant_n for_o life_n lease_v for_o year_n except_o the_o timber_n tree_n the_o same_o remain_v yet_o annex_v to_o his_o freehold_n and_o he_o may_v command_v the_o lessee_n to_o take_v they_o for_o necessary_a reparation_n of_o the_o house_n and_o in_o the_o say_a case_n of_o saunders_n a_o judgement_n be_v cite_v between_o foster_n and_o miles_n plaintiff_n and_o spencer_n and_o bourd_n defendant_n that_o where_o lessee_n for_o year_n assign_v over_o his_o term_n except_o the_o tree_n that_o waste_v in_o such_o case_n shall_v be_v bring_v against_o the_o assignee_n but_o in_o this_o case_n without_o question_n waste_n lie_v against_o the_o tenant_n for_o life_n and_o so_o there_o be_v a_o difference_n etc._n etc._n xxviii_o mich._n term_n 7_o jacobi_n regis_fw-la in_o the_o court_n of_o ward_n hulmes_n case_n the_o king_n in_o the_o right_n of_o his_o duchy_n of_o lancaster_n lord_n richard_n hulm_n seize_v of_o the_o manor_n of_o male_n in_o the_o county_n of_o lancaster_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n as_o of_o his_o duchy_n by_o knight_n service_n mesne_fw-la and_o robert_n male_a seize_v of_o land_n in_o male_a hold_v of_o the_o mesn_a as_o of_o his_o say_a manor_n by_o knight_n service_n tenant_n richard_n hulm_n die_v after_o who_o death_n 31_o hen._n the_o eight_o it_o be_v find_v that_o he_o die_v seize_v of_o the_o say_a menalty_n and_o that_o the_o same_o descend_v to_o edward_n his_o son_n and_o heir_n within_o age_n and_o find_v the_o tenure_n aforesaid_a etc._n etc._n and_o during_o the_o time_n that_o he_o be_v within_o age_n robert_n male_a the_o tenant_n die_v after_o which_o in_o anno_fw-la 35_o h._n 8._o it_o be_v find_v by_o office_n that_o robert_n male_a die_v seize_v of_o the_o say_a tenancy_n peravail_v and_o that_o the_o same_o descend_v to_o richard_n his_o son_n and_o heir_n within_o age_n and_o that_o the_o say_a tenancy_n be_v hold_v of_o the_o king_n as_o of_o his_o say_a duchy_n by_o knight_n service_n whereas_o in_o truth_n the_o same_o be_v hold_v of_o edward_n hulm_n then_o in_o ward_n of_o the_o king_n as_o of_o his_o menalty_n for_o which_o the_o king_n seize_v the_o ward_n of_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o tenant_n and_o afterward_o anno_fw-la quarto_fw-la jacobi_n regis_fw-la that_o now_o be_v after_o the_o death_n of_o richard_n male_a who_o be_v lineal_a heir_n of_o the_o say_v robert_n male_a by_o another_o office_n it_o be_v find_v that_o the_o say_v richard_n die_v seize_v of_o the_o say_a tenancy_n and_o hold_v the_o same_o of_o the_o king_n as_o of_o his_o duchy_n by_o knight_n service_n his_o heir_n within_o age_n whereupon_o richard_n hulm_n cousin_n and_o heir_n of_o the_o say_v richard_n hulm_n have_v prefer_v a_o bill_n to_o be_v admit_v to_o his_o traverse_n of_o the_o say_a office_n find_v in_o quarto_fw-la jacobi_n regis_fw-la and_o the_o question_n be_v whether_o the_o office_n find_v in_o 35_o h._n 8._o be_v any_o estoppel_n to_o the_o say_v hulm_n to_o traverse_v the_o say_v last_o office_n or_o if_o that_o the_o say_v hulm_n shall_v be_v drive_v first_o to_o traverse_v the_o office_n of_o 35_o h._n 8._o and_o it_o be_v object_v that_o he_o ought_v first_o to_o traverse_v the_o office_n of_o 35_o h._n 8._o as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o 26_o e._n 3._o 65._o that_o if_o two_o fine_n be_v levy_v of_o land_n in_o ancient_a demesn_a the_o lord_n of_o who_o the_o land_n be_v hold_v aught_o to_o have_v a_o writ_n of_o deceit_n to_o reverse_v the_o first_o fine_a and_o in_o that_o the_o second_o fine_a shall_v not_o be_v a_o bar_n and_o that_o the_o first_o office_n shall_v stand_v as_o long_o as_o the_o same_o remain_v in_o force_n to_o which_o it_o be_v answer_v and_o resolve_v by_o the_o two_o chief_a justice_n and_o the_o chief_a baron_n and_o the_o court_n of_o ward_n that_o the_o find_n of_o a_o office_n be_v not_o any_o estoppel_n for_o that_o be_v but_o a_o enquest_n of_o office_n and_o the_o party_n grieve_v shall_v have_v a_o traverse_v to_o it_o as_o it_o have_v be_v confess_v and_o therefore_o without_o question_n the_o same_o be_v no_o estoppel_n but_o when_o a_o office_n be_v find_v false_o that_o land_n be_v hold_v of_o the_o king_n by_o knight_n service_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o of_o the_o king_n himself_o in_o socage_n if_o the_o heir_n sue_v a_o general_a livery_n now_o it_o be_v hold_v in_o 46_o e._n 3._o 12._o by_o mowbray_n and_o persey_n that_o he_o shall_v not_o after_o add_v that_o the_o land_n be_v not_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n but_o that_o be_v not_o any_o estoppel_n to_o the_o heir_n himself_o who_o sue_v the_o livery_n and_o shall_v not_o conclude_v his_o heir_n for_o so_o say_v mowbray_n himself_o express_o in_o 44_o assis_n pl._n 35._o that_o a_o estoppel_n by_o sue_v of_o livery_n shall_v estop_v only_o himself_o the_o heir_n during_o his_o life_n and_o in_o 1_o h._n 4._o 6._o b._n there_o the_o case_n be_v put_v of_o express_a confession_n and_o sue_n of_o livery_n by_o the_o issue_n in_o tail_n upon_o a_o false_a office_n and_o there_o it_o be_v hold_v that_o the_o juror_n upon_o a_o new_a diem_fw-la clausit_fw-la extremum_fw-la after_o the_o death_n of_o such_o special_a heir_n be_v at_o large_a according_a to_o their_o conscience_n to_o find_v that_o the_o land_n be_v not_o hold_v etc._n etc._n for_o they_o be_v swear_v ad_fw-la veritatem_fw-la dicendum_fw-la and_o their_o find_n be_v call_v veredictum_fw-la quasi_fw-la dictum_fw-la veritatis_fw-la which_o reason_n also_o shall_v serve_v when_o the_o heir_n in_o fee-simple_n sue_v livery_n upon_o a_o false_a office_n and_o the_o juror_n after_o his_o death_n ought_v to_o find_v according_a to_o the_o truth_n so_o it_o be_v say_v 33_o h._n 6._o 7._o by_o laicon_n that_o if_o two_o sister_n be_v find_v heir_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v a_o bastard_n if_o they_o join_v in_o a_o suit_n of_o livery_n she_o which_o join_v with_o the_o bastard_n in_o the_o livery_n shall_v not_o allege_v bastardy_n in_o the_o other_o but_o there_o be_v no_o book_n that_o say_v that_o the_o estoppel_n shall_v endure_v long_o then_o during_o his_o life_n and_o when_o livery_n be_v sue_v by_o a_o special_a heir_n the_o force_n and_o effect_n of_o the_o livery_n be_v execute_v and_o determine_v by_o his_o death_n and_o by_o that_o the_o estoppel_n be_v expire_v with_o the_o death_n of_o the_o heir_n but_o that_o be_v to_o be_v intend_v of_o a_o general_a livery_n but_o a_o special_a livery_n shall_v not_o conclude_v one_o but_o as_o it_o be_v express_v the_o word_n of_o a_o general_a livery_n be_v when_o the_o heir_n be_v find_v of_o full_a age_n rex_fw-la escheatori_fw-la etc._n etc._n scias_n quod_fw-la cepimus_fw-la homigium_fw-la i._o silij_fw-la &_o haeredis_fw-la b._n defuncti_fw-la de_fw-la omnibus_fw-la terris_fw-la &_o tenementis_fw-la quae_fw-la idem_fw-la b._n pater_fw-la suus_fw-la tenuit_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la die_fw-la quo_fw-la obiit_fw-la &_o ei_fw-la terras_fw-la &_o tenement_n illa_fw-la reddidimus_fw-la ideo_fw-la tibi_fw-la praecipimus_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o when_o the_o heir_n be_v in_o ward_n at_o his_o full_a age_n the_o writ_n of_o livery_n shall_v say_v rex_fw-la etc._n etc._n quia_fw-la i._o filius_fw-la &_o haeres_fw-la b._n defuncti_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la tenuit_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la aetatem_fw-la svam_fw-la coram_fw-la te_fw-la sufficienter_fw-la probavit_fw-la etc._n etc._n ceperimus_fw-la homagium_fw-la ipsius_fw-la i._o de_fw-la omnibus_fw-la terris_fw-la &_o tenementis_fw-la quae_fw-la idem_fw-la b._n pater_fw-la suus_fw-la tenuit_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la die_fw-la quo_fw-la obiit_fw-la &_o ei_fw-la terras_fw-la &_o tenement_n illa_fw-la reddidimus_fw-la &_o ideo_fw-la tibi_fw-la praecipimus_fw-la ut_fw-la supra_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o writ_n be_v the_o suit_n of_o the_o heir_n and_o therefore_o although_o that_o all_o the_o word_n of_o the_o writ_n be_v the_o word_n of_o the_o king_n as_o all_o the_o writ_n of_o the_o king_n be_v and_o although_o that_o the_o livery_n be_v general_a de_fw-fr omnibus_fw-la terris_fw-la &_o tenementis_fw-la de_fw-la quibus_fw-la b._n pater_fw-la i._o tenuit_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la die_fw-la quo_fw-la obiit_fw-la without_o direct_a affirmation_n that_o any_o manor_n in_o particular_a be_v hold_v in_o capite_fw-la and_o notwithstanding_o that_o the_o same_o be_v not_o at_o the_o prosecution_n of_o the_o king_n writ_n and_o no_o judgement_n upon_o it_o yet_o because_o the_o general_a livery_n be_v found_v upon_o the_o office_n and_o by_o the_o office_n it_o be_v find_v that_o divers_a land_n or_o
and_o seal_v put_v to_o the_o transcript_n ingross_v and_o not_o to_o the_o testament_n itself_o and_o so_o out_o of_o the_o statute_n and_o the_o statute_n extend_v only_o when_o the_o probat_fw-la and_o seale_n be_v put_v to_o the_o testament_n itself_o and_o for_o the_o engross_n of_o it_o after_o the_o probate_n no_o certain_a fee_n be_v provide_v by_o the_o statute_n but_o for_o the_o register_n of_o it_o after_o it_o be_v prove_v there_o be_v a_o express_a fee_n in_o the_o statute_n but_o i_o conceive_v that_o the_o say_v take_v of_o the_o fourteen_o shilling_n ten_o penny_n in_o the_o case_n at_o bar_n be_v direct_o against_o the_o statute_n for_o the_o act_n be_v in_o the_o negative_a and_o if_o the_o executor_n require_v the_o testament_n to_o be_v ingross_v in_o parchment_n he_o ought_v to_o agree_v with_o he_o who_o he_o require_v to_o do_v it_o as_o he_o may_v but_o the_o ordinary_a official_a etc._n etc._n ought_v not_o to_o exact_v any_o fee_n for_o the_o same_o of_o the_o party_n as_o a_o thing_n due_a to_o he_o for_o divers_a cause_n 1._o because_o the_o word_n of_o the_o act_n be_v express_v for_o the_o probation_n etc._n etc._n and_o for_o the_o register_n seal_v write_a praise_v make_v of_o inventory_n fine_n give_v of_o acquittance_n etc._n etc._n which_o word_n writing_n extend_v express_o to_o this_o case_n 2._o the_o word_n be_v or_o any_o thing_n concern_v the_o same_o probate_n and_o when_o the_o seal_n and_o probate_n be_v put_v to_o the_o transcript_n the_o same_o without_o question_n concern_v the_o probate_n for_o the_o probat_fw-la be_v not_o put_v to_o any_o write_n but_o only_o to_o that_o therefore_o the_o same_o concern_v the_o probate_n 3._o such_o a_o construction_n shall_v make_v the_o act_n idle_a and_o vain_a for_o if_o the_o ordinary_a official_a etc._n etc._n may_v take_v as_o much_o as_o he_o please_v for_o the_o engross_n do_v by_o his_o minister_n as_o a_o fee_n due_a to_o he_o all_o the_o purview_n of_o the_o statute_n which_o be_v pen_v so_o precise_o concern_v person_n scil_n bishop_n ordinary_n and_o all_o person_n who_o have_v power_n to_o prove_v will_n and_o testament_n register_n scribe_n summoner_n apparition_n or_o any_o other_o the_o minister_n as_o for_o the_o thing_n itself_o scil_n the_o probation_n insinuation_n approbation_n register_n seal_v write_a praise_v make_v of_o inventory_n fine_n give_v of_o acquittance_n or_o any_o other_o thing_n concern_v the_o same_o shall_v be_v all_o in_o vain_a by_o that_o evasion_n of_o transcribe_v of_o it_o as_o well_o against_o the_o express_a letter_n of_o the_o act_n as_o the_o intention_n and_o move_v of_o it_o also_o the_o statute_n say_v five_o shilling_n and_o not_o above_o so_o as_o the_o manner_n of_o precise_a pen_n of_o it_o exclude_v all_o nice_a evasion_n and_o the_o act_n ought_v to_o be_v expound_v to_o suppress_v extortion_n which_o be_v a_o great_a affliction_n and_o impoverish_v of_o the_o poor_a subject_n 4._o as_o this_o case_n be_v he_o annex_v the_o probate_n and_o seal_v to_o the_o transcript_n ingross_v which_o the_o plaintiff_n bring_v with_o he_o and_o offer_v to_o the_o defendant_n so_o as_o the_o case_n at_o bar_n be_v without_o question_n and_o general_o the_o ordinary_a official_a &c._n &c._n can_v exact_v or_o take_v any_o fee_n for_o any_o thing_n which_o concern_v the_o probate_n of_o a_o will_n or_o testament_n but_o that_o which_o the_o statute_n limit_n and_o afterward_o the_o jury_n find_v for_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o of_o such_o opinion_n be_v walmesley_n warberton_n daniel_n and_o foster_n justice_n the_o next_o term_n in_o all_o thing_n but_o upon_o exception_n in_o arrest_n of_o judgement_n for_o not_o pursue_v of_o the_o act_n in_o the_o information_n judgement_n be_v not_o yet_o give_v etc._n etc._n x._o hillar_n anno_fw-la 6_o jacobi_n regis_fw-la in_o the_o common_a pleas._n nota_fw-la that_o in_o this_o term_n a_o question_n be_v move_v to_o the_o court_n knight_n aid_v to_o make_v the_o king_n elder_a son_n knight_n which_o be_v this_o if_o tenant_n in_o burgage_n shall_v pay_v aid_n unto_o the_o king_n to_o make_v his_o elder_a son_n knight_n and_o the_o point_n rest_v upon_o this_o if_o the_o tenure_n in_o burgage_n be_v a_o tenure_n in_o socage_n for_o by_o the_o ancient_a commmon_a law_n every_o tenant_n in_o knight_n service_n and_o every_o tenant_n in_o socage_n be_v to_o give_v to_o his_o lord_n a_o reasonable_a aid_n to_o make_v his_o elder_a son_n a_o knight_n and_o to_o marry_v his_o elder_a daughter_n and_o that_o be_v incertain_a at_o the_o common_a law_n and_o also_o incertain_a when_o the_o same_o 20._o vide_fw-la f._n n._n b._n 82._o 20._o shall_v be_v pay_v and_o this_o appear_v by_o glanvil_n lib._n 9_o cap._n 8._o fol._n 70._o who_o write_v in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o nihil_fw-la autem_fw-la certum_fw-la statutum_n &_o de_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la auxiliis_fw-la dandis_fw-la vel_fw-la exigendis_fw-la etc._n etc._n sunt_fw-la alii_fw-la praeterea_fw-la daughter_n see_v the_o statute_n of_o 27_o h._n 8_o cap_n 10_o of_o use_n in_o the_o preamble_n concern_v aide_n to_o make_v the_o elder_a son_n knight_n and_o to_o marry_v the_o daughter_n casus_fw-la in_o quibus_fw-la licet_fw-la dominis_n auxilia_fw-la solvenda_fw-la sunt_fw-la certa_fw-la forma_fw-la praescripta_fw-la ab_fw-la hominibus_fw-la suiis_fw-la ut_fw-la silius_fw-la suus_fw-la &_o haeres_fw-la fiat_fw-la mile_n vel_fw-la si_fw-la primogenitam_fw-la svam_fw-la filiam_fw-la maritaverit_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o chapter_n it_o be_v call_v rationabile_fw-la auxilium_fw-la because_o that_o then_o it_o be_v not_o certain_a but_o to_o be_v moderate_v by_o reason_n in_o respect_n of_o circumstance_n and_o by_o the_o preamble_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o west_n 1._o an._n 3_o e._n 1._o cap._n 35._o where_o it_o be_v say_v forasmuch_o as_o before_o that_o time_n reasonable_a aid_n to_o make_v one_o son_n knight_n or_o to_o marry_v his_o daughter_n be_v never_o put_v in_o certain_a nor_o when_o the_o same_o aught_o to_o be_v pay_v nor_o how_o much_o be_v take_v the_o say_a act_n put_v the_o say_v two_o incertainty_n to_o a_o certainty_n 1._o that_o for_o a_o whole_a knight_n fee_fw-mi there_o be_v take_v but_o 20_o s._n and_o of_o 20_o l._n land_n hold_v in_o socage_n 20_o s._n and_o of_o more_o more_o and_o of_o less_o less_o according_a to_o the_o rate_n by_o which_o the_o aid_n itself_o be_v set_v certain_a 2._o that_o none_o may_v levy_v such_o aid_n to_o make_v his_o son_n a_o knight_n until_o his_o son_n be_v of_o the_o age_n of_o fifteen_o year_n nor_o to_o marry_v his_o daughter_n until_o she_o be_v of_o the_o age_n of_o seven_o year_n and_o fleta_n who_o write_v after_o the_o say_a act_n call_v they_o rationabilia_fw-la auxilia_fw-la ad_fw-la filium_fw-la militem_fw-la faciendum_fw-la vel_fw-la ad_fw-la filiam_fw-la primogenitam_fw-la maritandum_fw-la and_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o 25_o e._n 1._o where_o it_o be_v provide_v that_o no_o tax_n shall_v be_v take_v but_o by_o common_a consent_n of_o the_o realm_n there_o be_v a_o exception_n of_o the_o ancient_a aid_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v to_o be_v intend_v of_o these_o aid_n due_a unto_o the_o king_n by_o the_o ancient_a common_a law_n but_o notwithstanding_o the_o say_a act_n of_o westm_n 1._o it_o be_v doubt_v whether_o the_o king_n because_o he_o be_v not_o express_o name_v be_v bind_v by_o it_o and_o therefore_o in_o the_o twenty_o year_n of_o e._n 3._o the_o king_n take_v a_o aid_n of_o 40_o s._n of_o every_o knight_n fee_n for_o to_o make_v the_o black_a prince_n knight_n and_o nothing_o then_o of_o land_n hold_v in_o socage_n and_o to_o take_v away_o all_o question_n concern_v the_o same_o the_o same_o be_v confirm_v to_o he_o in_o parliament_n and_o afterward_o anno_fw-la 25_o e._n 3._o cap._n 11._o it_o be_v enact_v that_o reasonable_a aid_n to_o make_v the_o king_n elder_a son_n knight_n and_o to_o marry_v his_o elder_a daughter_n shall_v be_v demand_v and_o levy_v after_o the_o form_n of_o the_o statute_n make_v thereof_o and_o not_o in_o other_o manner_n that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o every_o fee_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n without_o mean_a 20_o s._n and_o no_o more_o and_o of_o every_o 20_o l._n land_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n without_o mean_a in_o socage_n 20_o s._n and_o no_o more_o now_o littleton_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 10._o fol._n 36._o b._n burgage_n tenure_n be_v where_o a_o ancient_a borough_n be_v of_o which_o the_o king_n be_v lord_n and_o those_o who_o have_v tenement_n within_o the_o borough_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n their_o tenement_n that_o every_o tenant_n for_o his_o tenement_n ought_v to_o pay_v to_o the_o king_n a_o certain_a rent_n and_o such_o tenure_n be_v but_o tenure_n in_o socage_n and_o all_o socage_n land_n be_v contributory_a to_o
of_o they_o to_o the_o use_n of_o himself_o for_o the_o term_n of_o his_o life_n and_o after_o to_o the_o use_n of_o his_o elder_a son_n and_o to_o such_o a_o woman_n which_o he_o shall_v marry_v and_o to_o the_o heir_n male_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o son_n and_o afterward_o the_o father_n die_v and_o after_o the_o son_n take_v a_o wife_n and_o die_v if_o the_o wife_n shall_v take_v a_o estate_n for_o life_n and_o the_o doubt_n be_v because_o the_o wife_n of_o the_o son_n be_v not_o within_o the_o consideration_n and_o the_o use_n be_v limit_v to_o one_o who_o be_v capable_a scil_n the_o son_n and_o to_o another_o who_o be_v not_o capable_a and_o therefore_o the_o son_n shall_v take_v a_o estate_n in_o tail_n execute_v but_o it_o be_v resolve_v by_o the_o say_v two_o chief_a justice_n and_o chief_a baron_n that_o the_o wife_n shall_v take_v well_o enough_o and_o as_o to_o the_o first_o reason_n they_o resolve_v that_o the_o wife_n be_v within_o the_o consideration_n for_o the_o consideration_n be_v for_o the_o advancement_n of_o his_o posterity_n and_o without_o a_o wife_n the_o son_n can_v have_v posterity_n also_o when_o the_o wife_n of_o the_o son_n be_v sure_a of_o a_o jointure_n the_o same_o be_v for_o the_o advancement_n of_o the_o son_n for_o thereby_o he_o shall_v have_v the_o better_a marriage_n and_o as_o to_o the_o second_o it_o be_v resolve_v that_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o son_n shall_v support_v the_o use_n to_o the_o defendant_n and_o when_o the_o contingent_a happen_v the_o estate_n of_o the_o son_n shall_v be_v change_v according_a to_o the_o limitation_n scil_n to_o the_o son_n and_o the_o woman_n and_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o son_n and_o so_o it_o be_v resolve_v in_o the_o kings-bench_n by_o popham_n chief_a justice_n and_o the_o whole_a court_n of_o the_o kings-bench_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o queen_n eliz._n in_o sheffields_n case_n for_o both_o point_n xviii_o trinit_fw-la 7_o jacobi_n regis_fw-la in_o the_o court_n of_o ward_n sparies_n case_n john_n spary_n seize_v in_o fee_n in_o the_o right_n of_o his_o wife_n of_o land_n hold_v of_o the_o crown_n by_o knight_n service_n have_v issue_n by_o she_o and_o 22_o decemb._n anno_fw-la 9_o eliz._n alien_v to_o edward_n lord_n stafford_n the_o wife_n die_v the_o issue_n of_o full_a age_n the_o land_n continue_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o alienee_n or_o his_o assign_v and_o ten_o year_n after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o father_n and_o twelve_o year_n after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o mother_n office_n be_v find_v 7_o jacobi_n find_v all_o the_o special_a matter_n after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o mother_n the_o question_n be_v whether_o the_o mean_a profit_n be_v to_o be_v answer_v to_o the_o king_n and_o it_o be_v resolve_v by_o the_o say_v two_o chief_a justice_n and_o the_o chief_a baron_n that_o the_o king_n shall_v not_o have_v the_o mean_a profit_n because_o that_o the_o alienee_n be_v in_o by_o title_n and_o until_o entry_n the_o heir_n have_v no_o remedy_n for_o the_o mean_a profit_n but_o that_o the_o king_n may_v seize_v and_o make_v livery_n because_o that_o the_o entry_n of_o the_o heir_n be_v lawful_a by_o the_o statute_n of_o 32_o h._n 8._o xix_o trinit_fw-la 7_o jacobi_n regis_fw-la in_o the_o court_n of_o ward_n it_o be_v find_v by_o force_n of_o a_o mandamus_fw-la at_o kendal_n in_o the_o county_n of_o westmoreland_n the_o 21_o of_o december_n 6_o jacobi_n regis_fw-la that_o george_n earl_n of_o cumberland_n long_o before_o his_o death_n be_v seize_v in_o tail_n to_o he_o and_o to_o the_o heir_n male_n of_o his_o body_n of_o the_o castle_n and_o manor_n of_o browham_n appleby_n etc._n etc._n the_o remainder_n to_o sir_n ingram_n clifford_n with_o divers_a remainder_n over_o in_o tail_n the_o remainder_n to_o the_o right_a heir_n of_o henry_n earl_n of_o cumberland_n father_n of_o the_o say_v george_n and_o that_o the_o say_v george_n earl_n so_o seize_v by_o fine_a and_o recovery_n convey_v they_o to_o the_o use_n of_o himself_o and_o margaret_n his_o wife_n for_o their_o life_n for_o the_o jointure_n of_o the_o say_v margaret_n and_o afterward_o to_o the_o heir_n male_n of_o the_o body_n of_o george_n earl_n of_o cumberland_n and_o for_o want_v of_o such_o issue_n to_o the_o use_n of_o francis_n now_o earl_n of_o cumberland_n and_o to_o the_o heir_n male_n of_o his_o body_n beget_v and_o for_o want_v of_o such_o issue_n to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o right_a heir_n of_o the_o say_v george_n and_o afterward_o by_o another_o indenture_n convey_v the_o fee-simple_n to_o francis_n earl_n by_o force_n of_o which_o and_o of_o the_o statute_n of_o use_n they_o be_v seize_v according_o and_o afterward_o 30_o octob._n anno_fw-la 3_o jacobi_n the_o say_a george_n earl_n of_o cumberland_n die_v without_o heir_n male_a of_o his_o body_n lawful_o beget_v and_o further_o find_v that_o margaret_n countess_z of_o cumberland_n that_o now_o be_v be_v alive_a and_o take_v the_o profit_n of_o the_o premise_n from_o the_o death_n of_o the_o say_v george_n earl_n of_o cumberland_n until_o the_o take_n of_o that_o inquisition_n and_o further_o find_v the_o other_o point_n of_o the_o writ_n and_o first_o it_o be_v object_v that_o here_o be_v no_o die_v seize_v find_v by_o office_n and_o therefore_o the_o office_n shall_v be_v insufficient_a but_o as_o to_o that_o it_o be_v answerod_v and_o resolve_v that_o by_o this_o office_n the_o king_n be_v not_o entitle_v by_o the_o common_a law_n for_o then_o a_o die_v seize_v or_o at_o first_o a_o die_a the_o day_n of_o his_o death_n be_v necessary_a but_o this_o office_n be_v to_o be_v maintain_v upon_o the_o statute_n of_o 32_o and_o 34_o h._n 8._o by_o force_n of_o which_o no_o die_a seize_v be_v requisite_a but_o rather_o the_o contrary_a scil_n if_o the_o land_n be_v as_o this_o case_n be_v convey_v to_o the_o wife_n etc._n etc._n and_o so_o it_o be_v resolve_v in_o vincents_n case_n anno_fw-la 23_o eliz._n where_o all_o the_o land_n hold_v in_o capite_fw-la be_v convey_v to_o the_o young_a son_n and_o yet_o the_o elder_a son_n be_v in_o ward_n notwithstanding_o that_o nothing_o descend_v the_o second_o objection_n be_v it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o wife_n continue_v in_o she_o until_o the_o death_n of_o the_o earl_n for_o the_o husband_n and_o wife_n have_v alien_v the_o same_o to_o another_o and_o then_o no_o primer_n seisin_n shall_v be_v as_o it_o be_v agree_v in_o binghams_n case_n as_o to_o that_o it_o be_v answer_v and_o resolve_v that_o the_o office_n be_v sufficient_a prima_fw-la fancy_n for_o the_o king_n because_o it_o be_v a_o thing_n collateral_a and_o no_o point_n of_o the_o writ_n and_o if_o any_o such_o alienation_n be_v which_o shall_v not_o be_v intend_v then_o the_o same_o shall_v come_v in_o of_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o alienee_n by_o a_o monstrans_fw-la de_fw-fr droit_fw-fr and_o the_o case_n at_o bar_n be_v a_o strong_a case_n because_o it_o be_v find_v that_o the_o say_a countess_n take_v the_o profit_n of_o the_o premise_n from_o the_o death_n of_o george_n the_o earl_n until_o the_o find_n of_o the_o office_n xx._n trinity_n term_n 7_o jacobi_n in_o the_o court_n of_o ward_n will_n case_n henry_n will_n be_v seize_v of_o the_o four_o part_n of_o the_o manor_n of_o wryland_n in_o the_o county_n of_o devon_n hold_v of_o queen_n elizabeth_n in_o socage-tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la of_o the_o say_v four_o part_v enfeoff_v zachary_n irish_a and_o other_o and_o their_o heir_n to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o say_v henry_n for_o the_o term_n of_o his_o life_n and_o afterward_o to_o the_o use_n of_o thomas_n will_v his_o second_o son_n in_o tail_n and_o afterward_o to_o the_o use_n of_o richard_n will_v his_o young_a son_n in_o tail_n and_o for_o default_n of_o such_o issue_n to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o right_a heir_n of_o the_o say_v henry_n and_o afterward_o the_o say_a henry_n so_o seize_v as_o abovesaid_a dye_v thereof_o seize_v william_n will_n be_v his_o son_n and_o heir_n of_o full_a age_n thomas_n the_o second_o son_n enter_v as_o into_o his_o remainder_n all_o this_o matter_n be_v find_v by_o office_n and_o the_o question_n be_v if_o the_o king_n ought_v to_o have_v primer_n seisin_n in_o this_o case_n and_o that_o livery_n or_o ouster_n le_fw-fr main_fw-fr shall_v be_v sue_v in_o this_o case_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o 32_o and_o 34_o h._n 8._o and_o it_o be_v resolve_v by_o the_o two_o chief_a justice_n and_o the_o chief_a baron_n that_o not_o if_o in_o this_o case_n by_o the_o common_a law_n no_o livery_n or_o ouster_n le_fw-fr main_fw-fr shall_v be_v sue_v and_o that_o be_v agree_v by_o they_o all_o by_o the_o experience_n and_o course_n of_o the_o
in_o the_o information_n be_v deny_v in_o the_o king_n bench_n be_v utter_o deny_v for_o the_o same_o be_v move_v when_o two_o judge_n be_v in_o court_n who_o give_v not_o any_o opinion_n therein_o but_o require_v sergeant_n hutton_n who_o move_v it_o to_o move_v the_o same_o again_o when_o the_o court_n be_v full_a etc._n etc._n xii_o pasch_fw-mi 7_o jacobi_n regis_fw-la note_v that_o this_o term_n a_o question_n be_v move_v at_o sergeants-inn_n who_o by_o the_o common_a law_n ought_v to_o repair_v the_o bridge_n common_a river_n and_o sewer_n and_o the_o highway_n and_o by_o what_o mean_v they_o shall_v be_v compel_v to_o it_o and_o first_o of_o the_o bridge_n and_o as_o to_o they_o it_o be_v to_o be_v know_v that_o of_o common_a right_n all_o the_o country_n shall_v be_v charge_v to_o the_o reparation_n of_o a_o bridge_n and_o therewith_o agree_v 10_o e._n 3._o 28._o b._n that_o a_o bridge_n shall_v be_v levy_v by_o the_o whole_a country_n because_o it_o be_v a_o common_a easement_n for_o the_o whole_a country_n and_o as_o to_o that_o point_n the_o statute_n of_o 22_o h._n 8._o cap._n 5._o be_v but_o a_o affirmance_n of_o the_o common_a law_n and_o this_o be_v true_a when_o no_o other_o be_v bind_v by_o the_o law_n to_o repair_v it_o but_o he_o who_o have_v the_o toll_n of_o the_o man_n or_o cattle_n which_o pass_v over_o a_o bridge_n or_o causeway_n aught_o to_o repair_v the_o same_o for_o he_o have_v the_o toll_n to_o that_o purpose_n et_fw-la qui_fw-la sentit_fw-la commodum_fw-la sentire_fw-la debet_fw-la &_o onus_fw-la and_o therewith_o agree_v 14_o e._n 3._o bar_n 276._o also_o a_o man_n may_v be_v bind_v to_o repair_v a_o bridge_n ratione_fw-la tenurae_fw-la of_o certain_a land_n but_o a_o particular_a person_n can_v be_v bind_v by_o prescription_n scil_n that_o he_o and_o all_o his_o ancestor_n have_v repair_v the_o bridge_n if_o it_o be_v not_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o tenure_n of_o his_o land_n take_v of_o toll_n or_o other_o profit_n for_o the_o act_n of_o the_o ancestor_n can_v charge_v the_o heir_n without_o profit_n but_o a_o abbot_n or_o other_o corporation_n who_o have_v a_o lawful_a be_v may_v be_v charge_v scil_n that_o he_o and_o his_o predecessor_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n etc._n etc._n have_v repair_v the_o bridge_n for_o the_o abbot_n and_o covent_n may_v bind_v their_o successor_n vide_fw-la 21_o e._n 4._o 28._o 27_o e._n 3._o 8._o 22_o ass_n 8._o 5_o h._n 7._o 3._o and_o if_o a_o abbot_n and_o his_o predecessor_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n have_v repair_v a_o bridge_n of_o alm_n they_o shall_v be_v compel_v to_o repair_v it_o and_o therewith_o agree_v 10_o e._n 3._o 28._o so_o it_o be_v of_o a_o highway_n of_o common_a right_n all_o the_o country_n ought_v for_o to_o repair_v it_o because_o that_o the_o country_n have_v their_o ease_n and_o passage_n by_o it_o which_o stand_v with_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o case_n of_o the_o bridge_n but_o yet_o some_o may_v be_v particular_o bind_v to_o repair_v it_o as_o be_v aforesaid_a he_o who_o have_v the_o land_n adjoin_v aught_o of_o common_a right_n without_o prescription_n to_o scour_v and_o cleanse_v the_o ditch_n next_o to_o the_o way_n to_o his_o land_n and_o therewith_o agree_v the_o book_n of_o 8_o h._n 7._o 5._o but_o he_o who_o have_v land_n adjoin_v without_o prescription_n be_v not_o bind_v to_o repair_v the_o way_n so_o of_o a_o common_a river_n of_o common_a right_n all_o who_o have_v ease_n and_o passage_n by_o it_o aught_o to_o cleanse_v and_o scour_v it_o for_o a_o common_a river_n be_v as_o a_o common_a street_n as_o it_o be_v say_v in_o 22_o ass_n and_o 37_o ass_n 10._o but_o he_o who_o have_v land_n adjoin_v to_o the_o river_n be_v not_o bind_v to_o cleanse_v the_o river_n unless_o he_o have_v the_o benefit_n of_o it_o scil_n a_o toll_n or_o a_o fish_n or_o other_o profit_n see_v 37_o ass_n p._n 10._o xiii_o pasch_fw-mi 7_o jacobi_n sir_n william_n read_v and_o booth_n case_n in_o the_o great_a case_n in_o the_o star-chamber_n of_o a_o forgery_n between_o sir_n william_n read_v plaintiff_n and_o roger_n booth_n and_o cuthbert_n booth_n and_o other_o defendant_n the_o case_n be_v this_o the_o say_v roger_n booth_n 38_o eliz._n be_v convict_v in_o that_o court_n of_o the_o publication_n of_o a_o write_n under_o seal_n forge_v in_o the_o name_n of_o sir_n thomas_n gresham_n of_o a_o rent-charge_n of_o a_o hundred_o pound_n cut_v of_o all_o his_o land_n and_o tenement_n to_o one_o markham_n for_o ninety_o nine_o year_n bear_v date_n the_o one_o and_o twenty_o year_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n the_o say_v roger_n know_v it_o to_o be_v forge_v and_o afterward_o the_o say_a sir_n william_n read_v exhibit_v the_o say_a bill_n against_o the_o say_a booth_n and_o other_o for_o forge_v of_o another_o write_n under_o seal_n bear_v date_n the_o twenty_o of_o eliz._n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o say_a sir_n thomas_n gresham_n purport_v a_o deed_n of_o feoffment_n of_o all_o his_o land_n except_o certain_a to_o sir_n rowland_n heyward_n and_o edward_n hoogon_n and_o their_o heir_n to_o certain_a use_n which_o be_v in_o effect_n to_o the_o use_n of_o markham_n the_o young_a and_o his_o heir_n and_o for_o the_o publication_n of_o the_o say_v write_v know_v the_o same_o to_o be_v forge_v be_v the_o bill_n exhibit_v and_o now_o upon_o the_o hear_n of_o the_o cause_n in_o the_o star-chamber_n this_o term_n these_o doubt_n be_v move_v upon_o the_o statute_n of_o 5_o eliz_n 1._o if_o one_o who_o be_v convict_v of_o publication_n of_o a_o deed_n of_o feoffment_n of_o rent-charge_n know_v the_o same_o to_o be_v forge_v again_o at_o another_o day_n forge_v another_o deed_n of_o feoffment_n or_o rent-charge_n if_o he_o be_v within_o the_o case_n of_o felony_n within_o the_o say_a act_n which_o doubt_n arise_v upon_o these_o word_n eftsoons_o commit_v again_o any_o of_o the_o say_a offence_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v object_v that_o he_o ought_v to_o commit_v again_o the_o same_o natute_n of_o offence_n scil_n if_o he_o be_v convict_v of_o forgery_n he_o ought_v to_o forge_v again_o and_o not_o only_o publish_v know_v etc._n etc._n and_o if_o first_o he_o be_v convict_v of_o publish_v know_v etc._n etc._n he_o ought_v to_o offend_v again_o in_o publication_n know_v etc._n etc._n and_o not_o in_o forgery_n for_o eftsoons_o which_o be_v iterum_fw-la impli_v that_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n of_o offence_n the_o second_o doubt_n be_v if_o a_o man_n commit_v two_o forgery_n the_o one_o in_o 37_o of_o eliz._n and_o the_o other_o in_o 38._o and_o he_o be_v first_o convict_v of_o the_o last_o if_o he_o may_v be_v now_o impeach_v for_o the_o first_o the_o three_o doubt_n be_v when_o roger_n booth_n be_v convict_v in_o 38_o eliz._n and_o afterward_o be_v charge_v with_o a_o new_a forgery_n in_o 37_o eliz._n if_o the_o witness_n prove_v in_o truth_n that_o it_o be_v forge_v after_o the_o first_o conviction_n if_o the_o star_n chamber_n have_v jurisdiction_n of_o it_o the_o last_o doubt_n be_v when_o cuthbert_n booth_n who_o never_o be_v convict_v of_o forgery_n before_o if_o in_o truth_n the_o forgery_n be_v do_v and_o so_o prove_v in_o 38_o eliz_n if_o he_o may_v be_v convict_v upon_o this_o bill_n because_o that_o the_o forgery_n be_v allege_v before_o that_o it_o be_v do_v as_o to_o the_o first_o and_o second_o doubt_n it_o be_v resolve_v by_o the_o two_o chief_a justice_n and_o the_o chief_a baron_n that_o if_o any_o one_o be_v convict_v of_o forgery_n or_o publication_n of_o any_o write_n concern_v freehold_a etc._n etc._n within_o the_o first_o branch_n or_o concern_v interest_n or_o term_n for_o year_n etc._n etc._n within_o the_o second_o branch_n and_o be_v convict_v if_o afterward_o he_o offend_v either_o against_o the_o first_o branch_n or_o second_v that_o the_o same_o be_v felony_n as_o if_o he_o forge_v a_o write_n concern_v interest_n for_o year_n within_o the_o second_o branch_n and_o be_v convict_v and_o afterward_o he_o forge_v a_o charter_n of_o feoffment_n within_o the_o first_o branch_n or_o è_fw-la conuerso_fw-la that_o that_o be_v felony_n and_o that_o by_o express_a word_n of_o the_o act_n that_o if_o any_o person_n or_o person_n be_v hereafter_o convict_v or_o condemn_v of_o any_o of_o the_o say_a offence_n which_o word_n any_o of_o the_o say_a offence_n extend_v to_o all_o the_o offence_n mention_v before_o either_o in_o the_o first_o branch_n or_o in_o the_o second_o branch_n by_o any_o the_o way_n or_o mean_v above_o limit_v shall_v after_o any_o such_o conviction_n or_o condemnation_n eftsoons_o commit_v or_o perpetrate_v any_o of_o the_o say_a offence_n in_o form_n aforesaid_a which_o word_n any_o of_o the_o say_a offence_n etc._n etc._n
lease_n be_v make_v to_o one_o for_o the_o life_n of_o j._n s._n and_o j._n n._n there_o the_o freehold_n do_v not_o determine_v by_o the_o death_n of_o one_o of_o they_o for_o the_o reason_n and_o cause_v give_v in_o the_o case_n of_o brudnel_n in_o the_o five_o part_n of_o my_o report_n fol._n 9_o which_o case_n be_v affirm_v to_o be_v good_a law_n by_o the_o whole_a court_n xxxiii_o easter_n term_n anno_fw-la 8_o jacobi_n in_o the_o common-plea_n heydon_n and_o smith_n case_n richard_n heydon_n bring_v a_o action_n of_o trespass_n against_o michael_n smith_n and_o other_o of_o break_v of_o his_o close_a call_v the_o moor_n in_o ugley_n in_o the_o county_n of_o essex_n the_o 25_o day_n of_o june_n in_o the_o five_o year_n of_o the_o king_n &_o quendam_fw-la arborem_fw-la suum_fw-la ad_fw-la valentiam_fw-la 40_o s._n ibidem_fw-la nuper_fw-la crescen_n succiderunt_fw-la the_o defendant_n say_v that_o the_o close_a be_v and_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o trespass_n be_v the_o freehold_a of_o sir_n john_n leventhrop_n knight_n etc._n etc._n and_o that_o the_o say_a oak_n be_v a_o timber_n tree_n of_o the_o growth_n of_o thirty_o year_n and_o more_o and_o justify_v the_o cut_n down_o of_o the_o tree_n by_o his_o commandment_n the_o plaintiff_n repli_v and_o say_v that_o the_o say_v close_o and_o a_o house_n and_o 28_o acre_n of_o land_n in_o ugley_n be_v copyhold_n and_o parcel_n of_o the_o say_a manor_n of_o ugley_n etc._n etc._n of_o which_o manor_n edward_n leventhrop_n esquire_n father_n of_o the_o say_a sir_n john_n leventhrop_n be_v seize_v in_o fee_n and_o grant_v the_o say_a house_n land_n and_o close_a to_o the_o say_v richard_n heydon_n and_o his_o heir_n by_o the_o rod_n at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o say_a manor_n and_o that_o within_o the_o say_a manor_n there_o be_v such_o a_o custom_n quod_fw-la quilibet_fw-la tenens_fw-la customar_n ejusdem_fw-la manerii_fw-la sibi_fw-la &_o haeredibus_fw-la suis_fw-la ad_fw-la voluntatem_fw-la domini_fw-la etc._n etc._n a_o toto_fw-la tempore_fw-la supradicto_fw-la usus_fw-la fuit_fw-la &_o consuevit_fw-la ad_fw-la ejus_fw-la libitum_fw-la amputare_fw-la ramos_fw-la omnimodum_fw-la arborum_fw-la call_v pollingers_n or_o husbord_n super_fw-la terris_fw-la &_o tenem_fw-la suis_fw-fr customar_n crescen_n pro_fw-la ligno_fw-la combustibili_fw-la ad_fw-la like_o libitum_fw-la suum_fw-la applicand_a &_o in_o praedicto_fw-la messuagio_fw-it comburend_fw-mi and_o also_o to_o cut_v down_o and_o take_v at_o their_o pleasure_n all_o manner_n of_o tree_n call_v pollenger_n or_o husbord_n and_o all_o other_o timber_n tree_n super_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la custumariis_fw-la suis_fw-la crescen_n for_o the_o reparation_n of_o their_o house_n build_v upon_o the_o say_a land_n and_o customary_a tenement_n and_o also_o for_o ploughbote_n and_o cartbote_n and_o that_o all_o tree_n call_v pollenger_n or_o husbord_n and_o all_o other_o tree_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o trespass_n aforesaid_a or_o hitherto_o grow_v upon_o the_o aforesaid_a land_n and_o tenement_n customary_a of_o the_o say_v richard_n heydon_n be_v not_o sufficient_a nor_o do_v serve_v for_o the_o necessary_a use_n aforesaid_a and_o that_o the_o say_v richard_n heydon_n from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o say_v grant_v make_v unto_o he_o have_v maintain_v and_o preserve_v all_o tree_n etc._n etc._n grow_v upon_o the_o say_a land_n and_o tenement_n to_o he_o grant_v and_o that_o after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o say_v edward_n leventhrop_n the_o say_a manor_n descend_v to_o the_o say_a sir_n john_n leventhorp_n and_o that_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o trespass_n the_o aforesaid_a message_n of_o the_o say_v richard_n heydon_n be_v in_o decay_n &_o egebat_fw-la necessariis_fw-la reparationibus_fw-la in_o maremio_n ejusdem_fw-la upon_o which_o the_o defendant_n do_v demur_v in_o law_n and_o this_o case_n be_v oftentimes_o argue_v at_o the_o bar_n and_o now_o this_o term_n it_o be_v argue_v at_o the_o bench_n by_o the_o justice_n and_o in_o this_o case_n these_o point_n be_v resolve_v 1._o that_o the_o first_o part_n of_o the_o custom_n be_v absurd_a and_o repugnant_a scil_n quod_fw-la quilibet_fw-la tenens_fw-la customarii_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la manerii_fw-la habens_fw-la &_o tenens_fw-la aliqua_fw-la terras_fw-la seu_fw-la tenementa_fw-la custom_n etc._n etc._n usus_fw-la fuit_fw-la amputare_fw-la ramos_fw-la omnimodum_fw-la arborum_fw-la vocat_fw-la pollingers_n etc._n etc._n pro_fw-la ligno_fw-la combustabili_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o praedicto_fw-la messuagio_fw-it comburend_fw-mi which_o ought_v to_o be_v in_o the_o message_n of_o the_o plaintiff_n for_o no_o other_o message_n be_v mention_v before_o which_o be_v absurd_a and_o repugnant_a that_o every_o customary_a tenant_n shall_v burn_v his_o fuel_n in_o the_o plaintiff_n house_n but_o that_o branch_n of_o the_o custom_n do_v not_o extend_v unto_o this_o case_n for_o the_o last_o part_n of_o the_o custom_n which_o concern_v the_o cut_n down_o of_o the_o tree_n concern_v the_o point_n in_o question_n and_o so_o the_o first_o part_n of_o the_o custom_n be_v not_o material_a it_o be_v object_v that_o the_o plead_n that_o the_o message_n of_o the_o plaintiff_n be_v in_o decay_n &_o egebat_fw-la necessariis_fw-la reparationibus_fw-la in_o maremio_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la be_v too_o general_a for_o the_o plaintiff_n ought_v to_o have_v show_v in_o particular_a in_o what_o the_o message_n be_v in_o decay_n as_o the_o book_n be_v in_o 10_o e._n 4._o 3._o he_o who_o justifi_v for_o housebote_n etc._n etc._n aught_o to_o show_v that_o the_o house_n have_v cause_n to_o be_v repair_v etc._n etc._n to_o which_o it_o be_v answer_v by_o coke_n chief_a justice_n that_o the_o say_a book_n prove_v the_o plead_n in_o the_o case_n at_o bar_n be_v certain_a enough_o scil_n quod_fw-la messuagium_fw-la praed_fw-we egebat_fw-la necessariis_fw-la reparationibus_fw-la in_o maremio_fw-la without_o show_v the_o precise_a certainty_n and_o therewith_o agree_v 7_o h._n 6._o 38._o and_o 34_o h._n 6._o 17._o 2._o it_o be_v also_o answer_v and_o resolve_v that_o in_o this_o case_n without_o question_n it_o need_v not_o to_o allege_v more_o certainty_n for_o here_o the_o copyholder_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n do_v not_o take_v it_o but_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o manor_n do_v cut_v down_o the_o tree_n and_o carry_v it_o away_o where_o the_o rest_n be_v not_o sufficient_a and_o so_o prevent_v the_o copyholder_n of_o his_o benefit_n and_o therefore_o he_o need_v not_o to_o show_v any_o decay_n at_o all_o but_o only_o for_o increase_v of_o the_o damage_n for_o the_o lord_n do_v the_o wrong_n when_o he_o cut_v down_o the_o tree_n which_o shall_v serve_v for_o reparation_n when_o need_n shall_v be_v 3._o it_o be_v resolve_v that_o of_o common_a right_n as_o a_o thing_n incident_a to_o the_o grant_v the_o copyholder_n may_v take_v housebote_n hedgbote_fw-ge and_o plowbote_n upon_o his_o copyhold_n quia_fw-la concesso_fw-la uno_fw-la conceduntur_fw-la omne_fw-la sine_fw-la quibus_fw-la id_fw-la consistere_fw-la non_fw-la potest_fw-la et_fw-la quando_fw-la aliquis_fw-la aliquid_fw-la concedit_fw-la concedere_fw-la videtur_fw-la &_o id_fw-la sine_fw-la quo_fw-la res_fw-la ipsa_fw-la esse_fw-la non_fw-la potest_fw-la and_o therewith_o agree_v 9_o h._n 4._o waste_v 59_o but_o the_o same_o may_v be_v restrain_v by_o custom_n scil_n that_o the_o copyholder_n shall_v not_o take_v it_o unless_o by_o assignment_n of_o the_o lord_n or_o his_o bailiff_n etc._n etc._n 4._o it_o be_v resolve_v that_o the_o lord_n can_v take_v all_o the_o timber_n tree_n but_o he_o ought_v to_o leave_v sufficient_a for_o the_o reparation_n of_o the_o customary_a house_n and_o for_o ploughbote_n etc._n etc._n for_o otherwise_o great_a depopulation_n will_v follow_v scil_n ruin_n of_o the_o house_n and_o decay_v of_o tillage_n and_o husbandry_n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v that_o bote_n be_v a_o ancient_a saxon_a word_n have_v two_o signification_n the_o one_o compensatio_fw-la criminis_fw-la as_o frithbote_n which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v to_o be_v discharge_v from_o give_v amends_o for_o the_o breach_n of_o the_o peace_n manbote_n to_o be_v discharge_v of_o amends_o for_o the_o death_n of_o man_n and_o second_o in_o the_o latter_a signification_n scil_n for_o reparation_n as_o be_v bridgbote_n burghbote_fw-ge castlebote_fw-ge parkbote_fw-ge etc._n etc._n scil_n reparation_n of_o a_o bridge_n of_o a_o borough_n of_o a_o castle_n of_o a_o park_n etc._n etc._n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v know_v that_o boat_n and_o estover_n be_v all_o one_o estover_n be_v derive_v of_o this_o french_a word_n estover_n i._n e._n fovere_fw-la i._n e._n to_o keep_v warm_a to_o cherish_v to_o sustain_v to_o defend_v and_o there_o be_v four_o kind_n of_o estover_n scil_n ardendi_fw-la arandi_fw-la construendi_fw-la &_o claudendi_fw-la scil_n firebote_fw-ge housebote_fw-ge ploughbote_fw-ge and_o hedgbote_n 5._o it_o be_v resolve_v that_o the_o copyholder_n shall_v have_v a_o general_a action_n of_o trespass_n against_o the_o lord_n quare_fw-la clausum_fw-la fregit_fw-la &_o arborem_fw-la