estate_n if_o the_o sale_n be_v not_o effectual_a and_o in_o case_n the_o vendor_n have_v no_o warrant_n for_o such_o good_n by_o he_o sell_v no_o live_a cattle_n shall_v be_v sell_v but_o only_o in_o city_n 60._o ll._n gulielm_n cap._n 60._o and_o before_o three_o witness_n nor_o shall_v any_o thing_n forbid_v be_v sell_v without_o warranty_n no_o fair_n or_o market_n shall_v be_v hold_v but_o only_o in_o city_n 61._o ibid._n c._n 61._o burrough_n wall_a town_n and_o castle_n these_o law_n concern_v sale_n and_o market_n be_v ancient_a saxon_a law_n and_o tend_v all_o to_o the_o avoid_n of_o cheat_a man_n of_o their_o cattle_n by_o surreptitious_a sale_n of_o they_o make_v by_o such_o as_o have_v no_o right_n good_n find_v shall_v be_v publish_v by_o the_o finder_n to_o the_o neighbourhood_n 7._o ll._n gulielm_n cap._n 7._o and_o if_o any_o make_v claim_n and_o proof_n of_o they_o to_o be_v his_o he_o shall_v have_v they_o giving_z security_n to_o bring_v they_o into_o the_o court_n in_o case_n any_o other_o shall_v within_o a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n make_v his_o claim_n thereto_o the_o child_n of_o person_n intestate_a shall_v equal_o divide_v the_o heritage_n 36._o ll._n gulielm_n cap._n 36._o this_o be_v in_o terminis_fw-la the_o saxon_a law_n and_o therefore_o concern_v it_o i_o shall_v refer_v to_o the_o same_o former_o recite_v only_o i_o shall_v add_v hereto_o the_o law_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o i_o ll._n hen._n i_o which_o may_v serve_v as_o a_o explanation_n of_o the_o former_a any_o free_a man_n may_v devise_v his_o chattel_n by_o will_n and_o if_o he_o die_v intestate_a his_o wife_n child_n parent_n or_o next_o kin_n shall_v divide_v the_o same_o for_o his_o soul_n good_a the_o first_o branch_n whereof_o be_v ancient_a and_o doubtless_o in_o continual_a use_n but_o the_o iniquity_n of_o the_o norman_a rude_a time_n be_v such_o that_o the_o lord_n under_o surmise_n of_o arrear_n or_o relief_n will_v seize_v all_o the_o personal_a estate_n after_o the_o tenant_n death_n and_o so_o the_o right_a of_o last_o will_n be_v swallow_v up_o but_o this_o restore_v the_o power_n of_o last_o will_n into_o its_o place_n and_o in_o case_n the_o party_n die_v intestate_a preserve_v a_o kind_n of_o nature_n of_o descent_n although_o they_o be_v more_o personal_a nor_o do_v that_o last_o clause_n of_o the_o soul_n good_a disannul_v the_o same_o although_o the_o word_n may_v seem_v to_o carry_v away_o the_o benefit_n to_o some_o other_o hand_n for_o the_o whole_a matter_n be_v leave_v to_o the_o discretion_n of_o such_o as_o be_v next_o to_o the_o intestate_a chap._n lii_o of_o law_n that_o concern_v common_a interest_n of_o land_n the_o law_n that_o concern_v land_n and_o peculiar_o belong_v to_o the_o norman_n be_v such_o as_o concern_v principal_o the_o tenure_n of_o land_n which_o if_o due_o consider_v although_o savour_v somewhat_o of_o the_o king_n yet_o little_a of_o the_o conqueror_n for_o general_o it_o must_v be_v grant_v that_o tenor_n long_o before_o and_o after_o this_o time_n be_v as_o the_o service_n order_v according_a to_o the_o will_n of_o the_o giver_n in_o which_o as_o the_o king_n have_v the_o great_a share_n and_o he_o the_o most_o public_a person_n of_o all_o so_o be_v his_o donation_n order_v chief_o to_o advance_v the_o public_a service_n and_o in_o this_o regard_n the_o tenure_n by_o knight_n service_n may_v more_o principal_o challenge_v the_o king_n regard_v then_o the_o regard_n of_o all_o the_o great_a man_n beside_o but_o this_o be_v not_o the_o sore_n yea_o rather_o it_o be_v the_o beauty_n and_o strength_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o for_o which_o the_o king_n deserve_v a_o honourable_a name_n above_o most_o of_o his_o progenitor_n who_o have_v not_o so_o much_o land_n to_o dispose_v of_o as_o he_o have_v and_o therefore_o can_v not_o advance_v that_o service_n in_o any_o proportion_n equal_a unto_o he_o the_o sore_n that_o cause_v so_o many_o sigh_n be_v the_o encumbrance_n raise_v upon_o this_o most_o noble_a and_o free_a service_n which_o through_o the_o evil_a of_o time_n by_o this_o mean_n become_v the_o most_o burdensome_a and_o the_o only_o loathe_a and_o abhor_a service_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n i_o say_v through_o the_o evil_a of_o time_n for_o it_o can_v lodge_v in_o my_o thought_n but_o in_o the_o norman_a time_n the_o encumbrance_n be_v nothing_o so_o great_a as_o of_o latter_a age_n and_o that_o much_o have_v be_v impute_v to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o conqueror_n which_o they_o never_o deserve_v as_o may_v appear_v in_o these_o particular_n which_o the_o law_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o have_v preserve_v in_o memory_n tenant_n of_o the_o king_n or_o other_o lord_n die_v 1213_o 1_o relief_n m._n paris_n an._n 1100_o &_o 1213_o his_o heir_n shall_v pay_v no_o other_o relief_n then_o what_o by_o law_n be_v due_a that_o which_o by_o law_n be_v due_a be_v set_v down_o in_o the_o law_n of_o william_n the_o conqueror_n the_o relief_n of_o a_o earl_n 12._o ll._n gulielm_n cap._n 12._o 8._o horse_n saddle_v and_o bridle_v 4._o helmet_n 4._o coat_n of_o mail_n 4._o shield_n 4._o spear_n 4._o sword_n 4._o chaser_n bridle_v and_o saddle_v 1._o palfrey_n bridle_v and_o saddle_v the_o relief_n of_o a_o baron_n 23._o ibid._n c._n 23._o 4._o horse_n with_o saddle_n &_o bridle_n 2._o helmet_n 2._o coat_n of_o mail_n 2._o sheild_n 2._o spear_n 2._o sword_n 2._o chaser_n bridle_v and_o saddle_v 1._o palfrey_n bridle_v and_o saddle_v the_o relief_n of_o a_o vavasor_n to_o his_o lord_n 24._o ibid._n c._n 24._o his_o best_a horse_n his_o helmet_n his_o coat_n of_o mail_n his_o shield_n his_o spear_n his_o sword_n or_o if_o he_o have_v no_o arm_n than_o he_o be_v to_o pay_v s._n 100_o the_o relief_n of_o the_o country_n man_n be_v the_o best_a beast_n that_o be_v in_o his_o possession_n 29._o ll._n gulielm_n cap._n 29._o and_o of_o he_o that_o farm_v his_o land_n a_o year_n rend_v these_o be_v the_o relief_n due_a by_o law_n and_o now_o settle_v in_o good_n or_o arm_n but_o afterward_o turn_v into_o money_n and_o its_o likely_a that_o the_o ill_a custom_n in_o the_o former_a time_n do_v extort_v both_o money_n and_o arm_n or_o such_o sum_n of_o money_n as_o they_o please_v and_o by_o the_o very_a word_n of_o the_o law_n it_o seem_v they_o have_v bring_v it_o to_o a_o arbitrary_a power_n to_o take_v what_o they_o can_v get_v and_o yet_o all_o against_o law_n marriage_n 2._o marriage_n the_o king_n tenant_n shall_v advise_v with_o the_o king_n in_o marriage_n of_o his_o daughter_n sister_n niece_n or_o kinswoman_n and_o his_o widow_n in_o like_a manner_n the_o sense_n hereof_o in_o short_a be_v that_o these_o may_v marry_v at_o their_o own_o will_n without_o pay_v fine_a or_o composition_n to_o the_o lord_n and_o yet_o must_v have_v the_o like_n of_o the_o lord_n so_o far_o as_o to_o declare_v whether_o the_o man_n intend_v be_v his_o enemy_n or_o not_o and_o fit_a to_o perform_v knight_n service_n this_o law_n be_v therefore_o ground_v upon_o the_o present_a distress_n of_o affair_n wherein_o the_o nation_n be_v unsettle_a and_o common_a right_a have_v establish_v a_o mutual_a trust_n between_o lord_n and_o tenant_n find_v out_o this_o mean_n to_o preserve_v the_o same_o for_o if_o the_o marriage_n of_o those_o that_o be_v relate_v to_o the_o tenant_n in_o such_o manner_n as_o may_v inherit_v part_n or_o all_o his_o land_n or_o have_v jointure_n therein_o shall_v be_v leave_v altogether_o at_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o tenant_n or_o his_o widow_n it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o the_o mutual_a trust_n between_o lord_n and_o tenant_n must_v fail_v and_o the_o public_a receive_v damage_n and_o therefore_o if_o this_o custom_n be_v of_o norman_a birth_n it_o be_v beget_v bpon_o a_o saxon_a law_n and_o may_v the_o rather_o be_v own_v by_o the_o english_a dower_n 3._o dower_n the_o widow_n of_o the_o king_n tenant_n have_v child_n shall_v have_v her_o dower_n and_o portion_n so_o long_o as_o she_o keep_v unmarried_a the_o portion_n here_o be_v in_o the_o latin_a word_n maritagium_fw-la which_o i_o take_v to_o be_v the_o marriage_n portion_n give_v by_o the_o husband_n according_a to_o the_o saxon_a custom_n when_o as_o the_o dower_n in_o land_n be_v not_o in_o use_n whereof_o be_v speak_v former_o in_o that_o chapter_n of_o dower_n and_o the_o norman_n be_v necessitate_v to_o introduce_v this_o custom_n of_o they_o with_o themselves_o partly_o because_o it_o be_v a_o privilege_n which_o be_v their_o own_o by_o birth_n and_o it_o can_v not_o be_v wave_v without_o a_o evident_a wrong_n do_v to_o the_o wife_n of_o these_o man_n who_o have_v venture_v their_o life_n in_o that_o service_n but_o principal_o because_o it_o will_v not_o consist_v with_o
the_o work_n in_o hand_n to_o disclaim_v that_o custom_n which_o must_v needs_o be_v of_o infinite_a consequence_n in_o the_o effect_n of_o what_o be_v principal_o seek_v after_o viz._n the_o union_n of_o the_o two_o people_n norman_n and_o saxon_n into_o one_o i_o say_v it_o be_v principal_o seek_v after_o by_o the_o norman_a conqueror_n if_o not_o lead_v thereto_o by_o his_o own_o genius_n yet_o necessitate_v thereto_o by_o force_n of_o reason_n of_o state_n as_o shall_v appear_v hereafter_o and_o what_o can_v be_v imagine_v a_o more_o ready_a way_n to_o stay_v the_o effusion_n of_o blood_n and_o all_o other_o unhappy_a event_n of_o enmity_n then_o by_o take_v away_o enmity_n itself_o or_o a_o more_o speedy_a and_o certain_a course_n for_o union_n then_o to_o reduce_v the_o man_n and_o woman_n of_o each_o people_n to_o mutual_a society_n and_o to_o seal_v up_o all_o by_o a_o last_a bond_n of_o marriage_n or_o great_a encouragement_n for_o the_o comfortable_a proceed_n therein_o than_o the_o settle_n of_o the_o constant_a maintenance_n of_o the_o wife_n in_o case_n of_o survivorship_n by_o the_o law_n of_o dower_n of_o the_o land_n and_o tenement_n of_o the_o husband_n edm._n lindenbrog_n council_n aenham_n c._n 19_o ll._n edm._n which_o be_v so_o full_a of_o contingency_n and_o uncertainty_n in_o the_o portion_n of_o good_n that_o be_v by_o the_o saxon_a law_n appoint_v to_o the_o wife_n in_o such_o case_n nor_o be_v this_o all_o for_o by_o marriage_n thus_o make_v to_o the_o norman_n they_o have_v a_o great_a hold_n not_o so_o much_o over_o the_o english_a as_o in_o the_o english_a and_o that_o not_o only_o during_o coverture_n but_o by_o reason_n of_o this_o title_n of_o dower_n the_o woman_n become_v tenant_n and_o under_o the_o lord_n wing_n so_o as_o they_o dare_v not_o willing_o and_o illegal_o offend_v their_o lord_n in_o their_o widowhood_n nor_o by_o law_n nor_o reason_n match_v themselves_o and_o their_o dowry_n to_o any_o other_o that_o be_v not_o first_o allow_v by_o the_o lord_n to_o be_v in_o friendship_n with_o he_o and_o thus_o become_v the_o tenant_n widow_n to_o be_v at_o the_o like_n of_o the_o lord_n for_o their_o marriage_n and_o the_o like_a hereto_o may_v be_v say_v concern_v the_o husband_n in_o case_n of_o tenant_n by_o the_o courtesy_n 20._o miror_fw-la foe_n 20._o and_o however_o by_o the_o norman_a former_a practice_n it_o be_v much_o disturb_v yet_o by_o henry_n the_o first_o it_o be_v again_o reduce_v to_o its_o former_a right_n rather_o than_o original_a arise_v from_o his_o grant_n as_o some_o hold_n and_o prove_v advantageous_a for_o the_o end_n aforesaid_a now_o as_o touch_v their_o marriage_n portion_n of_o good_n because_o the_o saxon_a law_n have_v already_o endow_v they_o thereof_o they_o can_v not_o be_v induce_v to_o lay_v down_o their_o know_a ancient_a right_n till_o they_o find_v the_o new_a law_n of_o dower_n to_o settle_v and_o so_o for_o some_o time_n both_o law_n be_v in_o force_n until_o the_o more_o ancient_a saxon_a law_n have_v a_o honourable_a burial_n nevertheless_o for_o the_o present_a the_o law_n abridge_v that_o right_a so_o far_o as_o to_o limit_v it_o to_o the_o widow_n during_o widowhood_n according_a to_o the_o former_a saxon_a law_n upon_o consideration_n of_o all_o which_o it_o may_v well_o be_v conceive_v that_o the_o power_n of_o the_o lord_n in_o consent_v or_o dissent_v to_o the_o marriage_n of_o their_o tenant_n widow_n and_o ward_n be_v not_o so_o much_o a_o usurpation_n upon_o the_o common_a right_n of_o the_o english_a subject_n as_o a_o custom_n rational_o and_o with_o great_a wisdom_n as_o the_o course_n of_o affair_n than_o stand_v uphold_v and_o allow_v among_o they_o principal_o for_o the_o speedy_a settle_n of_o a_o peaceable_a government_n and_o consolidate_v of_o two_o nation_n into_o one_o and_o wherein_o england_n be_v then_o so_o happy_a as_o to_o come_v to_o a_o conclusion_n in_o seven_o year_n which_o cost_v their_o ancestor_n nigh_o two_o hundred_o year_n experience_n with_o the_o briton_n beside_o a_o world_n of_o bloodshed_n that_o may_v have_v be_v spare_v ere_o they_o can_v find_v out_o the_o right_a way_n to_o a_o desire_a peace_n by_o mutual_a marriage_n have_v between_o they_o wardship_n cap._n 4._o 4._o wardship_n such_o widow_n shall_v have_v the_o custody_n of_o the_o land_n of_o such_o child_n or_o otherwise_o such_o other_o person_n as_o by_o right_a aught_o to_o have_v the_o same_o this_o be_v the_o first_o news_n of_o wardship_n that_o pass_v abroad_o cum_fw-la privilegio_fw-la of_o a_o receive_a law_n which_o together_o with_o the_o former_a declare_v the_o right_a custom_n of_o the_o norman_n paris_n m._n paris_n and_o thereby_o the_o injustas_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la quibus_fw-la angliae_fw-la regnum_fw-la opprimebatur_fw-la viz._n arbitrary_a relief_n take_v of_o the_o tenant_n estate_n arbitrary_a marriage_n make_v of_o their_o person_n and_o arbitrary_a grant_n of_o guardianship_n of_o their_o land_n for_o as_o yet_o oppression_n be_v not_o so_o high_a fly_v as_o to_o cast_v the_o government_n of_o the_o person_n of_o their_o ward_n out_o of_o the_o view_n of_o the_o lord_n provisionary_a care_n upon_o adventure_n of_o the_o next_o in-law_n whether_o man_n or_o woman_n wise_a or_o unwife_n under_o pretence_n to_o train_v he_o up_o in_o military_a service_n fit_a for_o the_o lord_n own_o safety_n and_o the_o kingdom_n lifeguard_n but_o it_o be_v the_o proper_a ground_n of_o the_o lord_n own_o seizure_n and_o right_n of_o wardship_n he_o be_v look_v upon_o by_o the_o eye_n of_o common_a reason_n as_o the_o only_a meet_a man_n that_o both_o can_v and_o will_v effect_v that_o work_n so_o as_o may_v be_v most_o advantageous_a to_o the_o public_a which_o seem_v to_o be_v chief_o concern_v herein_o and_o upon_o the_o same_o general_a ground_n the_o survey_n of_o fool_n accompany_v the_o former_a albeit_o it_o be_v not_o in_o practice_n till_o henry_n the_o first_o bring_v it_o in_o as_o the_o mirror_n of_o justice_n say_v foe_n 258._o 37._o ll._n canut_n 37._o yet_o it_o come_v upon_o a_o ancient_a foundation_n lay_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o dane_n for_o my_o own_o part_n i_o will_v not_o dispute_v the_o point_n whether_o this_o custom_n of_o wardship_n be_v pure_o norman_n or_o whether_o it_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o saxon_n ancient_o who_o possible_o may_v have_v some_o respect_n to_o orphan_n in_o such_o case_n to_o train_v they_o up_o for_o the_o public_a service_n in_o point_n of_o war_n especial_o be_v possessor_n of_o a_o know_a right_n of_o relief_n as_o well_o as_o alfred_n the_o saxon_a king_n do_v undertake_v the_o work_n for_o the_o train_n of_o some_o such_o particular_a person_n in_o learning_n for_o the_o service_n of_o the_o public_a meneu._n asser_n meneu._n in_o time_n of_o peace_n and_o civil_a government_n yet_o thus_o much_o appear_v that_o guardianship_n of_o land_n be_v a_o know_a custom_n enough_o to_o make_v and_o maintain_v a_o right_n and_o that_o it_o by_o law_n be_v a_o right_n belong_v to_o some_o person_n before_o other_o and_o that_o this_o have_v be_v a_o custom_n before_o the_o former_a unjust_a custom_n creep_v into_o government_n of_o the_o conqueror_n and_o principal_o of_o his_o son_n rufus_n and_o though_o it_o be_v questionable_a whether_o it_o settle_v first_o upon_o the_o norman_n or_o the_o english_a yet_o its_o manifest_a that_o if_o one_o people_n have_v it_o the_o other_o people_n now_o come_v into_o union_n with_o that_o people_n can_v not_o in_o reason_n except_o against_o that_o custom_n which_o the_o other_o people_n have_v take_v up_o upon_o so_o honourable_a ground_n as_o reason_n of_o state_n which_o as_o the_o time_n than_o be_v be_v evident_a and_o superlative_a especial_o the_o custom_n be_v under_o the_o regulate_v of_o law_n and_o not_o of_o any_o arbitrary_a power_n and_o can_v be_v no_o precedent_n of_o the_o relief_n marriage_n and_o wardship_n that_o after_o age_n usurp_v tenant_n in_o knight_n service_n shall_v hold_v their_o land_n 5._o cap._n 5._o etc._n etc._n acquit_v of_o all_o tax_n acquittal_n 5._o acquittal_n that_o they_o may_v be_v more_o able_a to_o provide_v arm_n and_o be_v more_o ready_a and_o fit_a for_o the_o king_n service_n and_o defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n this_o law_n whither_o it_o be_v a_o renew_n of_o a_o former_a custom_n or_o a_o introduction_n of_o a_o new_a law_n it_o be_v clear_a it_o be_v upon_o a_o old_a ground_n that_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n must_v be_v ready_a for_o the_o service_n of_o their_o lord_n and_o defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n whereof_o afterward_o but_o the_o law_n be_v that_o these_o man_n shall_v hold_v their_o land_n of_o that_o tenure_n acquit_v of_o all_o tax_n though_o legal_o impose_v upon_o the_o body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o must_v be_v
conceive_v to_o be_v for_o the_o public_a benefit_n viz._n either_o for_o the_o preparation_n or_o maintenance_n of_o public_a war_n for_o in_o such_o case_n it_o have_v be_v in_o all_o time_n hold_v unreasonable_a that_o those_o who_o person_n be_v employ_v to_o serve_v in_o the_o war_n shall_v hold_v land_n double_o charge_v to_o the_o same_o service_n viz._n to_o the_o defray_n of_o their_o own_o private_a expense_n in_o the_o war_n and_o maintenance_n of_o the_o public_a charge_n of_o the_o same_o war_n beside_o chap._n liii_o of_o divers_a law_n make_v concern_v the_o execution_n of_o justice_n although_o in_o proceed_n in_o case_n of_o vindicative_a justice_n delinquent_n may_v seem_v to_o be_v leave_v rather_o to_o the_o fury_n then_o mercy_n of_o the_o law_n yet_o so_o long_o as_o man_n be_v under_o the_o law_n and_o not_o without_o the_o law_n it_o have_v be_v always_o hold_v a_o part_n of_o justice_n to_o extend_v what_o moderation_n may_v possible_o stand_v with_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o law_n and_o that_o otherwise_o a_o over_o rigid_a and_o fierce_a prosecution_n of_o the_o guilty_a be_v no_o less_o tyranny_n than_o the_o persecution_n of_o the_o not_o guilty_a and_o although_o violence_n be_v the_o proper_a vice_n of_o these_o time_n yet_o this_o point_n of_o honour_n must_v be_v give_v to_o the_o norman_n that_o their_o sword_n have_v eye_n and_o move_v not_o altogether_o by_o rage_n but_o by_o reason_n no_o sentence_n shall_v pass_v but_o upon_o averment_n of_o the_o complaint_n by_o accuser_n or_o witness_n produce_v 5._o ll._n hen._n 1._o c._n 5._o fine_a and_o pledge_n shall_v be_v according_a to_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o offence_n paris_n ll._n hen._n 1._o m._n paris_n by_o these_o two_o law_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o the_o subject_n be_v deliver_v from_o three_o great_a oppression_n first_o in_o make_v they_o offender_n without_o complaint_n or_o witness_n second_o in_o impose_v immoderate_a fine_n last_o in_o urge_v extraordinary_a bail_n forfeiture_n of_o felon_n land_n be_v reduce_v to_o a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n 261_o miror_fw-la foe_n 261_o the_o norman_n have_v reduce_v the_o saxon_a law_n in_o this_o case_n unto_o their_o own_o last_o which_o stretch_v their_o desire_n as_o far_o as_o the_o estate_n will_v bear_v but_o this_o be_v so_o prejudicial_a to_o the_o immediate_a lord_n who_o be_v no_o offender_n in_o this_o case_n and_o so_o contrary_a to_o the_o saxon_a law_n it_o be_v both_o do_v and_o undo_v in_o a_o short_a space_n by_o the_o allowance_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o intent_n of_o criminal_a offence_n manifest_v by_o act_n punish_v by_o fine_a or_o mulct_n this_o by_o alfred_n law_n be_v punish_v by_o talioes_n law_n 254._o miror_fw-la foe_n 254._o but_o now_o by_o a_o law_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o reduce_v to_o mulct_n mainperner_n be_v not_o to_o be_v punish_v as_o principal_n unless_o they_o be_v party_n or_o privy_n to_o the_o fail_v of_o the_o principal_a this_o law_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o repeal_v the_o former_a law_n of_o canutus_n which_o must_v be_v acknowledge_v to_o be_v rigorous_a 141._o miror_fw-la foe_n 141._o although_o not_o altogether_o without_o reason_n no_o person_n shall_v be_v imprison_v for_o commit_v of_o mortal_a crime_n unless_o first_o he_o be_v attaint_v by_o verdict_n of_o twelve_o man_n 5._o ll._n hen._n 1._o c._n 5._o by_o imprisonment_n be_v intend_v close_a imprisonment_n or_o imprisonment_n without_o bail_n or_o mainprize_n for_o otherwise_o its_o apparent_a that_o as_o well_o by_o the_o saxon_a as_o norman_a law_n man_n be_v bring_v to_o trial_n by_o restraint_n appeal_v of_o murder_n restrain_v within_o the_o four_o degree_n before_o this_o law_n appeal_v be_v bring_v by_o any_o of_o the_o blood_n or_o kin_n of_o the_o party_n slay_v 7._o miror_fw-la cap._n 2._o sec._n 7._o but_o now_o by_o henry_n the_o first_o restrain_v the_o ground_n seem_v to_o be_v for_o that_o affection_n that_o run_v with_o the_o blood_n grow_v so_o cold_a beyond_o the_o four_o degree_n that_o the_o death_n of_o the_o party_n be_v of_o so_o small_a account_n as_o can_v it_o scarce_o be_v repute_v a_o loss_n of_o such_o consequence_n to_o the_o party_n as_o to_o expose_v the_o life_n or_o price_n of_o the_o life_n of_o the_o manslayer_n unto_o the_o claim_n of_o such_o a_o one_o and_o thus_o the_o saxon_a law_n that_o give_v the_o satisfaction_n in_o such_o case_n to_o the_o whole_a kindred_n become_v limit_v to_o the_o four_o degree_n as_o i_o conceive_v from_o the_o ecclesiastical_a constitution_n concern_v marriage_n two_o thing_n more_o concern_v juridical_a proceed_n may_v be_v note_v the_o one_o concern_v speedy_a course_n of_o justice_n wherein_o they_o may_v seem_v to_o justify_v the_o saxon_a way_n but_o can_v never_o attain_v to_o their_o pace_n in_o regard_n they_o yield_v so_o much_o time_n to_o summons_n essoine_n etc._n etc._n the_o other_o concern_v election_n of_o judge_n by_o the_o party_n for_o this_o we_o find_v in_o the_o law_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o chap._n liv._o of_o the_o militia_n during_o the_o norman_n time_n the_o power_n of_o militia_n be_v either_o the_o legislative_a or_o executory_a power_n the_o legislative_a power_n without_o contradiction_n rest_v in_o the_o grand_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o who_o it_o belong_v to_o establish_v law_n for_o the_o government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n and_o this_o will_v appear_v in_o the_o preparation_n for_o war_n the_o levy_n of_o war_n and_o manage_v thereof_o after_o its_o levy_a for_o the_o preparation_n it_o consist_v in_o levy_v man_n and_o munition_n or_o of_o money_n in_o all_o which_o questionless_a will_v be_v a_o difference_n between_o raise_v of_o war_n by_o a_o king_n to_o revenge_v a_o personal_a injury_n do_v to_o the_o king_n own_o person_n and_o a_o war_n raise_v by_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n or_o representative_a body_n thereof_o which_o be_v common_o do_v in_o defence_n of_o public_a interest_n and_o seldom_o in_o any_o offensive_a way_n unless_o in_o recovery_n of_o a_o right_a of_o possession_n either_o former_o lose_v or_o as_o yet_o not_o full_o settle_v now_o although_o it_o be_v true_a that_o seldom_o do_v injury_n reflect_v upon_o the_o king_n person_n alone_o but_o that_o the_o kingdom_n will_v be_v concern_v therein_o to_o endeavour_v a_o remedy_n yet_o because_o it_o may_v fall_v out_o otherwise_o king_n have_v be_v occasion_v to_o leafy_a war_n of_o their_o own_o accord_n but_o in_o such_o case_n can_v neither_o compel_v the_o person_n of_o his_o subject_n or_o their_o estate_n to_o be_v contributory_a and_o of_o this_o nature_n i_o take_v the_o war_n levy_v by_o harold_n against_o the_o conqueror_n to_o be_v wherein_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v never_o engage_v nor_o therefore_o do_v it_o feel_v the_o dint_n of_o the_o conqueror_n sword_n at_o all_o and_o in_o this_o case_n the_o militia_n must_v be_v allow_v to_o such_o as_o bear_v the_o purse_n nor_o can_v it_o be_v conclude_v to_o be_v the_o militia_n of_o the_o kingdom_n nor_o any_o part_n thereof_o although_o it_o may_v connive_v thereat_o but_o to_o set_v this_o consideration_n aside_o as_o not_o coincident_a at_o all_o with_o the_o norman_a engagement_n after_o they_o be_v crown_v and_o to_o take_v all_o the_o subsequent_a war_n to_o be_v mere_o defensive_a of_o the_o right_n of_o the_o crown_n as_o in_o sober_a construction_n they_o will_v appear_v to_o be_v as_o touch_v the_o levy_n of_o money_n its_o evident_a that_o it_o lay_v only_o in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o grand_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o otherwise_o the_o law_n be_v settle_v that_o no_o tax_n shall_v be_v make_v or_o take_v but_o such_o as_o be_v due_a in_o the_o confessor_n time_n as_o former_o have_v be_v show_v second_o for_o the_o prepare_n of_o man_n and_o munition_n it_o be_v do_v either_o by_o tenure_n or_o by_o special_a law_n as_o touch_v tenure_n it_o be_v provide_v by_o way_n of_o contract_n that_o those_o that_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n shall_v be_v ready_a with_o their_o arm_n to_o assist_v the_o king_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o realm_n so_o as_o they_o be_v not_o bind_v by_o their_o tenure_n to_o aid_v he_o in_o any_o other_o case_n 57_o ll._n gulielm_n cap._n 57_o other_o be_v also_o by_o especial_a law_n of_o the_o land_n bind_v to_o be_v ready_a for_o their_o service_n in_o that_o kind_n for_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o kingdom_n hold_v their_o estate_n under_o a_o general_a service_n which_o by_o common_a right_n they_o be_v bind_v to_o perform_v viz._n in_o time_n of_o danger_n to_o join_v in_o defence_n of_o their_o country_n this_o be_v the_o common_a fealty_n or_o allegiance_n which_o all_o man_n owe_v 59_o ll._n gulielm_n c._n 59_o and_o
rule_n for_o government_n i_o remember_v it_o be_v affirm_v by_o some_o of_o those_o ancient_a writer_n that_o the_o duke_n or_o king_n will_v have_v bring_v in_o the_o custom_n of_o norwey_n but_o the_o earnest_a mediation_n of_o the_o english_a prevail_v against_o it_o and_o it_o evince_v two_o thing_n to_o my_o opinion_n first_o that_o there_o be_v question_n make_v what_o law_n shall_v be_v establish_v second_o that_o notwithstanding_o the_o interest_n that_o the_o norman_n have_v in_o the_o kingdom_n they_o can_v not_o prevail_v to_o bring_v in_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o their_o law_n or_o of_o the_o custom_n of_o norwey_n which_o be_v not_o only_o the_o prima_fw-la materia_fw-la of_o their_o law_n but_o also_o in_o kind_n have_v a_o settle_n at_o that_o very_a time_n in_o those_o place_n of_o this_o kingdom_n where_o the_o dane_n have_v their_o principal_a seat_n and_o therefore_o not_o altogether_o strange_a to_o the_o saxon_n themselves_o the_o sum_n of_o which_o will_v be_v this_o that_o upon_o debate_v a_o law_n must_v be_v settle_v and_o that_o not_o the_o law_n of_o the_o conqueror_n own_o will_n nor_o the_o law_n that_o suit_v with_o his_o desire_n but_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o therefore_o if_o at_o any_o time_n the_o unquietness_n of_o some_o of_o the_o english_a bring_v the_o king_n to_o some_o thought_n of_o arbitrary_a rule_n and_o to_o shake_v off_o the_o clog_n of_o saxon_a law_n it_o be_v long_o ere_o it_o stir_v and_o spring_v up_o too_o late_a to_o raise_v the_o title_n of_o conquest_n and_o wither_v too_o soon_o to_o settle_v it_o as_o touch_v the_o change_n of_o custom_n for_o that_o also_o be_v impute_v to_o the_o conqueror_n it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o some_o alteration_n may_v be_v in_o matter_n of_o small_a consideration_n yet_o be_v the_o writer_n not_o without_o mistake_n in_o the_o particular_a instance_n for_o whereas_o they_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o conqueror_n take_v away_o the_o custom_n of_o gavell_n kind_n and_o bring_v the_o custom_n of_o descent_n to_o the_o elder_a son_n and_o that_o kent_n save_v their_o liberty_n and_o continue_v this_o custom_n of_o gavell_n kind_n i_o shall_v not_o contend_v about_o the_o liberty_n of_o kent_n but_o must_v till_o i_o see_v better_a reason_n hold_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o change_n of_o inheritance_n to_o be_v a_o mere_a conceit_n for_o beside_o what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v concern_v that_o custom_n of_o gavell_n kind_n if_o we_o believe_v glanvile_n the_o difference_n be_v between_o land_n hold_v by_o knight_n service_n 3._o lib._n 7._o cap._n 3._o and_o in_o socage_n the_o first_o of_o which_o in_o his_o time_n by_o ancient_a custom_n always_o descend_v to_o the_o elder_a and_o those_o land_n that_o be_v hold_v in_o socage_n if_o not_o partible_a by_o custom_n in_o which_o case_n they_o go_v equal_o to_o all_o the_o son_n go_v by_o custom_n in_o some_o place_n to_o the_o elder_a in_o other_o place_n to_o the_o young_a so_o as_o the_o rule_n of_o inheritance_n in_o the_o norman_a time_n be_v custom_n as_o well_o as_o in_o former_a time_n and_o furthermore_o if_o the_o custom_n of_o gavell_n kind_n have_v be_v the_o general_a custom_n of_o this_o nation_n the_o king_n by_o his_o change_n have_v contradict_v his_o own_o prerogative_n and_o grant_v as_o great_a a_o liberty_n to_o his_o subject_n as_o can_v have_v be_v invent_v for_o have_v the_o custom_n of_o gavell_n kind_n happen_v upon_o the_o land_n in_o knight_n service_n it_o have_v bring_v all_o the_o son_n under_o the_o law_n of_o wardship_n and_o have_v make_v a_o ready_a way_n to_o enthral_v all_o man_n of_o worth_n and_o undo_v all_o husbandry_n the_o first_o whereof_o have_v be_v as_o advantageous_a to_o the_o king_n private_a interest_n as_o both_o destructive_a to_o the_o public_a nor_o be_v it_o clear_a from_o any_o author_n of_o credit_n that_o the_o norman_n change_v the_o tenor_n of_o land_n albeit_o that_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o such_o land_n as_o he_o have_v by_o forfeiture_n or_o otherwise_o be_v in_o his_o own_o power_n to_o dispose_v upon_o what_o tenure_n he_o please_v for_o as_o well_o before_o the_o norman_n time_n as_o long_o after_o tenor_n be_v like_a as_o the_o service_n be_v all_o at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o donor_n and_o be_v of_o as_o many_o individual_n almost_o as_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o owner_n some_o be_v of_o more_o general_a regard_n and_o public_a use_n littlet_n littlet_n be_v record_v among_o the_o ground_n of_o english_a law_n none_o of_o which_o appear_v to_o i_o to_o be_v of_o norman_a original_a although_o they_o receive_v their_o name_n according_a to_o that_o dialect_n the_o next_o thing_n object_v be_v the_o change_n of_o language_n which_o thing_n some_o writer_n tell_v we_o the_o king_n endeavour_v or_o which_o be_v worse_o to_o be_v so_o absolute_a as_o to_o be_v absolute_a tyrant_n and_o to_o publish_v law_n in_o a_o foreign_a language_n that_o the_o people_n through_o ignorance_n may_v the_o rather_o transgress_v and_o thereby_o forfeit_v their_o estate_n this_o if_o true_a so_o far_o differ_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o conqueror_n as_o rather_o prove_v that_o he_o be_v put_v to_o his_o shift_n nevertheless_o the_o thing_n taste_v so_o much_o of_o spleen_n as_o it_o may_v occasion_v distrust_n of_o other_o relation_n concern_v this_o subject_n for_o beside_o that_o it_o be_v nonsense_n for_o a_o conqueror_n to_o entitle_v himself_o by_o a_o cheat_n where_o he_o have_v a_o elder_a title_n by_o conquest_n i_o shall_v in_o full_a answer_n to_o that_o calumny_n insert_v a_o passage_n of_o a_o historian_n that_o be_v in_o the_o continual_a view_n of_o public_a affair_n in_o those_o time_n who_o speak_v of_o the_o conqueror_n say_v that_o he_o commend_v the_o confessor_n law_n to_o his_o justice_n in_o the_o same_o language_n wherein_o they_o be_v wont_v former_o to_o be_v write_v ingulfus_n ingulfus_n lest_o through_o ignorance_n the_o people_n may_v rash_o offend_v and_o another_o author_n say_v gulielm_n m._n paris_n fragm_n gulielm_n that_o the_o king_n have_v a_o desire_n to_o learn_v the_o english_a tongue_n that_o he_o may_v the_o better_o know_v their_o law_n and_o judge_v according_a thereto_o it_o be_v probable_a nevertheless_o that_o the_o law_n be_v in_o the_o norman_a tongue_n and_o it_o be_v no_o less_o likely_a that_o the_o plead_n in_o real_a action_n especial_o be_v also_o in_o the_o same_o language_n else_o must_v the_o norman_n be_v put_v to_o school_v to_o learn_v english_a upon_o peril_n of_o loss_n of_o their_o estate_n but_o that_o either_o the_o write_a law_n be_v whole_o conclude_v into_o the_o norman_a tongue_n or_o that_o the_o public_a plead_n of_o cause_n by_o word_n of_o mouth_n in_o all_o action_n where_o the_o issue_n be_v leave_v to_o the_o country_n be_v in_o any_o other_o language_n than_o english_a no_o advise_a reader_n will_v conceive_v see_v it_o have_v be_v a_o madness_n for_o a_o english_a jury_n to_o pass_v their_o verdict_n in_o any_o case_n wherein_o its_o likely_a many_o of_o they_o understand_v scarce_o a_o syllable_n of_o the_o norman_a language_n much_o less_o ought_v of_o the_o matter_n upon_o which_o their_o verdict_n shall_v be_v ground_v add_v hereunto_o that_o it_o be_v not_o likely_a but_o the_o conqueror_n inhibit_v the_o use_n of_o the_o english_a language_n in_o all_o matter_n of_o public_a record_n in_o as_o much_o as_o the_o charter_n make_v by_o he_o to_o corporate_a town_n and_o franchise_n be_v sometime_o in_o the_o saxon_a more_o general_o in_o the_o latin_a but_o seldom_o or_o never_o in_o the_o norman_a dialect_n and_o that_o plead_n and_o indictment_n be_v enter_v in_o like_a manner_n in_o the_o latin_a tongue_n as_o former_o by_o a_o old_a custom_n bring_v in_o by_o the_o clergy_n be_v use_v for_o the_o clergy_n who_o have_v get_v the_o key_n of_o knowledge_n and_o law_n into_o their_o own_o custody_n lay_v it_o up_o in_o that_o language_n whereof_o the_o commons_o have_v little_a knowledge_n that_o they_o may_v thereby_o be_v enforce_v to_o depend_v upon_o these_o man_n for_o justice_n as_o well_o as_o for_o piety_n the_o norman_n therefore_o either_o find_v it_o too_o hard_a to_o alter_v the_o former_a custom_n in_o such_o case_n or_o else_o think_v it_o the_o wise_a way_n to_o choose_v the_o latin_a as_o a_o three_o language_n indifferent_a as_o well_o to_o the_o norman_n as_o saxon_n and_o best_a understand_v of_o any_o foreign_a tongue_n beside_o and_o yet_o endeavour_v to_o bring_v both_o people_n into_o one_o language_n as_o they_o be_v intend_v to_o be_v one_o people_n and_o to_o press_v the_o use_n of_o the_o norman_a tongue_n in_o public_a affair_n so_o far_o as_o may_v consist_v with_o good_a government_n and_o justice_n leave_v
the_o high_a nature_n the_o party_n though_o not_o the_o king_n tenant_n lose_v his_o personal_a estate_n to_o the_o king_n for_o ever_o his_o free_a hold_n also_o for_o a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n after_o which_o they_o return_v to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o soil_n by_o way_n of_o escheat_n it_o seem_v also_o that_o the_o loss_n not_o only_o of_o chattel_n and_o good_n but_o also_o of_o land_n etc._n etc._n extend_v to_o outlary_n i_o conceive_v in_o case_n of_o felony_n and_o the_o king_n pardon_n in_o such_o case_n can_v not_o bind_v the_o lord_n right_a of_o escheat_n although_o it_o may_v discharge_v the_o good_n and_o the_o year_n and_o the_o day_n whereunto_o the_o king_n be_v entitle_v which_o case_n alone_o sufficient_o declare_v what_o power_n king_n have_v in_o the_o estate_n of_o their_o subject_n manslaughter_n manslaughter_n 5._o manslaughter_n make_v not_o bailable_a this_o be_v law_n in_o henry_n the_o second_o time_n although_o it_o cross_v the_o norman_a law_n 3_o glanvil_n l._n 14._o cap._n 1_o &_o 3_o and_o questionless_a it_o be_v upon_o good_a ground_n for_o the_o time_n now_o be_v not_o as_o those_o in_o the_o conqueror_n time_n when_o shed_v of_o blood_n be_v account_v valour_n and_o in_o most_o case_n in_o order_n to_o the_o public_a service_n and_o now_o it_o seem_v it_o be_v a_o grow_a evil_n and_o that_o cry_v so_o loud_o as_o though_o in_o case_n of_o treason_n bail_n may_v be_v allow_v yet_o not_o in_o this_o case_n ubi_fw-la ad_fw-la terrorem_fw-la aliter_fw-la statutum_fw-la est_fw-la say_v the_o author_n robber_n robbery_n 6._o robbery_n shall_v be_v commit_v to_o the_o sheriff_n or_o in_o his_o absence_n to_o the_o next_o castelane_n who_o shall_v deliver_v he_o to_o the_o sheriff_n and_o the_o justice_n shall_v do_v right_a to_o they_o and_o unto_o trespasser_n upon_o land_n 174._o ll._n gul._n 4._o spicil_n 174._o by_o the_o conqueror_n law_n these_o offender_n be_v bailable_a and_o i_o conceive_v this_o be_v no_o repeal_n thereof_o and_o the_o rather_o because_o glanvile_n allow_v of_o pledge_n in_o all_o case_n except_o manslaughter_n yea_o in_o those_o crime_n that_o do_v wound_v majesty_n itself_o 1._o glanvil_n lib._n 14._o cap._n 1._o although_o they_o concern_v the_o destruction_n of_o the_o king_n person_n or_o sedition_n in_o the_o kingdom_n or_o army_n thereof_o the_o justice_n herein_o mention_v be_v intend_v to_o be_v the_o justice_n itinerant_a and_o the_o trespass_n upon_o land_n be_v mean_v such_o as_o be_v contra_fw-la pacem_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la as_o riotous_a and_o forcible_a entry_n for_o some_o trespass_n be_v against_o the_o peace_n of_o the_o sheriff_n as_o former_o have_v be_v observe_v fauxonry_n 7._o 7._o fauxonry_n glanvil_n lib._n 14_o cap._n 7._o be_v of_o several_a degree_n or_o kind_n some_o against_o the_o king_n other_o against_o other_o man_n and_o of_o those_o against_o the_o king_n some_o be_v punish_v as_o wound_n of_o majesty_n as_o falsify_v the_o king_n charter_n and_o whether_o falsify_v of_o money_n be_v in_o that_o condition_n or_o not_o i_o leave_v or_o falsify_v of_o measure_n yet_o more_o inferior_a i_o can_v determine_v but_o its_o clear_a by_o glanvile_n that_o falsify_v of_o the_o deed_n of_o a_o private_a person_n be_v of_o small_a consideration_n and_o at_o the_o utmost_a deserve_v but_o loss_n of_o member_n inheritance_n may_v not_o be_v alien_v 5._o 8._o glanvil_n lib._n 7._o cap._n 1._o ibid._n c._n 5._o inheritance_n be_v in_o those_o time_n of_o land_n or_o good_n for_o it_o be_v the_o custom_n then_o that_o the_o personal_a estate_n the_o debt_n deduct_v be_v divisible_a into_o three_o part_n one_o whereof_z belong_v in_o right_a to_o the_o wife_n as_o her_o reasonable_a part_n the_o other_o to_o the_o heir_n and_o three_o to_o the_o testator_n to_o make_v his_o will_n of_o they_o and_o of_o the_o other_o two_o part_n he_o can_v not_o dispose_v by_o will_n concern_v land_n it_o be_v regular_o true_a that_o no_o man_n can_v alien_n his_o whole_a inheritance_n to_o the_o disherisin_n of_o his_o heir_n either_o by_o act_n in_o his_o life_n time_n or_o any_o part_n thereof_o by_o his_o last_o will_n without_o the_o concurrence_n of_o the_o heir_n but_o of_o purchase_a land_n he_o may_v give_v part_n by_o act_n execute_v in_o his_o life_n time_n though_o he_o have_v no_o land_n by_o inheritance_n and_o if_o he_o have_v no_o issue_n than_o he_o may_v alien_a all_o and_o where_o a_o man_n have_v land_n by_o inheritance_n and_o also_o by_o purchase_n he_o may_v alien_a all_o his_o purchase_a land_n as_o he_o please_v if_o the_o land_n be_v hold_v in_o gavel_n kind_a no_o more_o of_o the_o inheritance_n can_v be_v convey_v to_o any_o of_o the_o child_n than_o their_o proportionable_a part_n will_v amount_v unto_o this_o law_n of_o inheritance_n be_v divers_a according_a to_o the_o tenure_n for_o the_o land_n in_o knight-service_n always_o descend_v to_o the_o heir_n but_o such_o as_o be_v hold_v in_o soccage_n pass_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n either_o to_o the_o elder_a or_o to_o the_o young_a or_o to_o all_o equal_o and_o thus_o stand_v the_o general_a state_n of_o inheritance_n from_o the_o norman_n time_n hitherto_o 88_o ll._n hen_n 1._o c._n 88_o seem_v somewhat_o too_o straight_o for_o the_o free_a man_n that_o by_o law_n of_o property_n may_v challenge_v a_o power_n to_o do_v with_o their_o own_o as_o they_o please_v but_o the_o norman_n see_v a_o double_a prejudice_n herein_o the_o first_o be_v the_o danger_n of_o ruin_n of_o many_o of_o their_o family_n who_o now_o ingraft_v into_o the_o english_a stock_n and_o yet_o not_o full_o one_o may_v expect_v a_o late_a check_n to_o their_o preferment_n from_o the_o saxon_a parent_n after_o a_o long_a and_o fair_a semblance_n make_v of_o their_o good_a will_n the_o second_o prejudice_n be_v the_o decay_n of_o their_o militia_n which_o be_v maintain_v by_o riches_n more_o than_o by_o multitude_n of_o man_n partly_o because_o that_o rich_a man_n be_v most_o fearful_a of_o offend_v and_o therefore_o ordinary_o be_v most_o serviceable_a both_o with_o their_o body_n and_o estate_n against_o public_a danger_n and_o partly_o because_o by_o their_o friend_n and_o ally_n they_o bring_v more_o aid_n unto_o the_o public_a by_o engage_v they_o in_o the_o common_a cause_n that_o otherwise_o may_v prove_v unsensible_a of_o the_o condition_n of_o their_o country_n the_o heir_n of_o a_o free_a man_n shall_v by_o descent_n be_v in_o such_o seism_n as_o 9_o 9_o his_o ancester_n have_v at_o the_o time_n of_o his_o death_n 9_o vide_fw-la glanv_n l._n 7._o c_o 9_o do_v service_n and_o pay_v relief_n and_o shall_v have_v his_o chattaile_n if_o the_o heir_n be_v under_o age_n the_o lord_n shall_v have_v the_o wardship_n for_o the_o due_a time_n and_o the_o wife_n her_o dower_n and_o part_n of_o the_o good_n if_o the_o lord_n withhold_v seisin_n the_o king_n justice_n shall_v try_v the_o matter_n by_o twelve_o man_n the_o first_o of_o these_o branch_n be_v declaratory_a of_o a_o ground_n of_o common_a law_n but_o be_v apply_v to_o the_o last_o be_v a_o introduction_n of_o a_o new_a law_n of_o trial_n of_o the_o heir_n right_a by_o assize_n of_o mortdancester_n where_o former_o no_o remedy_n be_v leave_v to_o the_o heir_n but_o a_o writ_n of_o right_n if_o these_o three_o branch_n be_v particular_o observe_v they_o speak_v of_o three_o sort_n of_o heir_n of_o tenant_n by_o knight-service_n viz._n such_o as_o be_v major_n or_o of_o full_a age_n and_o such_o as_o be_v minor_n or_o under_o age_n and_o such_o as_o be_v of_o a_o doubtful_a age_n those_o that_o be_v of_o full_a age_n at_o the_o death_n of_o their_o ancestor_n may_v possess_v the_o land_n descend_v and_o the_o lord_n may_v not_o disseise_v he_o thereof_o but_o may_v be_v resist_v by_o the_o heir_n in_o the_o maintenance_n of_o his_o possession_n so_o as_o he_o be_v ready_a to_o pay_v relief_n and_o do_v service_n that_o be_v due_a and_o if_o the_o lord_n expel_v he_o he_o shall_v have_v remedy_n by_o assize_n those_o heir_n that_o be_v minor_n shall_v be_v under_o the_o lord_n guardianship_n till_o they_o come_v to_o one_o and_o twenty_o year_n tbe_n heir_n of_o such_o as_o hold_v by_o soccage_n be_v say_v to_o be_v at_o full_a age_n at_o fifteen_o year_n because_o at_o that_o age_n they_o be_v think_v able_a to_o do_v that_o service_n but_o the_o son_n of_o burgess_n be_v then_o say_v to_o be_v of_o full_a age_n when_o they_o have_v ability_n to_o manage_v their_o father_n calling_n such_o as_o tell_v of_o money_n measure_v of_o cloth_n and_o the_o like_a yet_o do_v not_o glanvile_n or_o any_o other_o say_v that_o these_o be_v their_o full_a age_n to_o all_o purpose_n albeit_o that_o some_o burrough_n at_o
which_o not_o only_o the_o people_n but_o also_o the_o king_n must_v submit_v the_o like_a whereunto_o ina_n the_o great_a saxon_a king_n also_o lamb._n ll._n inae_fw-la lamb._n no_o great_a man_n say_v he_o nor_o any_o other_o in_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n may_v abolish_v the_o write_a law_n king_n furthermore_o bind_v themselves_o at_o their_o entrance_n into_o the_o throne_n hereunto_o by_o a_o oath_n as_o it_o be_v note_v of_o canutus_n unto_o who_o after_o aetheldred_n be_v dead_a the_o bishop_n abbat_n duke_n 2._o miror_fw-la cap._n 1._o sect_n 2._o and_o other_o noble_n come_v and_o elect_v he_o to_o be_v their_o king_n and_o swear_v fealty_n unto_o he_o and_o he_o again_o swear_v to_o they_o that_o secundum_fw-la deum_fw-la &_o secundum_fw-la seculum_fw-la etc._n etc._n viz._n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o of_o the_o nation_n he_o will_v be_v a_o faithful_a lord_n to_o they_o 1016._o wigortn_n an._n 1016._o it_o be_v probable_a i_o grant_v that_o the_o praecipuum_fw-la sacramentum_fw-la formerly_z mention_v be_v in_o the_o first_o nature_n more_o personal_a for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o person_n of_o their_o leader_n while_o he_o be_v their_o captain_n because_o it_o much_o concern_v the_o good_a of_o the_o army_n and_o without_o who_o all_o must_v scatter_v and_o bring_v all_o to_o ruin_v and_o this_o the_o word_n of_o the_o historian_n do_v evidence_n but_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o whole_a people_n depend_v not_o on_o he_o after_o the_o war_n be_v do_v and_o therefore_o the_o oath_n tie_v they_o not_o any_o further_o nor_o do_v the_o safety_n of_o the_o people_n afterward_o when_o as_o the_o saxon_n enter_v this_o land_n so_o absolute_o rest_v upon_o the_o person_n of_o the_o king_n especial_o if_o he_o prove_v unfit_a to_o manage_v the_o work_n and_o therefore_o the_o fealty_n that_o the_o people_n swear_v to_o their_o king_n be_v not_o so_o absolute_o determine_v upon_o their_o person_n otherwise_o then_o in_o order_n to_o the_o public_a weal_n as_o may_v appear_v from_o the_o law_n of_o the_o confessor_n who_o be_v within_o thirty_o year_n after_o the_o reign_n of_o aethelstan_n former_o mention_v the_o word_n in_o english_a run_v thus_o all_o the_o people_n in_o their_o folkmote_n shall_v confederate_a themselves_o as_o swear_v brother_n to_o defend_v the_o kingdom_n against_o stranger_n and_o enemy_n together_o with_o their_o lord_n the_o king_n and_o to_o preserve_v his_o land_n and_o honour_n together_o with_o he_o with_o all_o faithfulness_n and_o that_o within_o and_o without_o the_o kingdom_n of_o britain_n they_o will_v be_v faithful_a to_o he_o as_o to_o their_o lord_n and_o king_n so_o as_o it_o be_v evident_a the_o saxon_n fealty_n to_o their_o king_n be_v subservient_fw-fr to_o the_o public_a safety_n and_o the_o public_a safety_n be_v necessary_o dependent_a upon_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o law_n nor_o be_v it_o to_o be_v expect_v that_o the_o saxon_n will_v endure_v a_o king_n above_o this_o pitch_n for_o those_o part_n of_o germany_n whence_o they_o come_v that_o have_v the_o regiment_n of_o king_n which_o these_o have_v not_o yet_o use_v they_o their_o king_n in_o no_o other_o manner_n then_o as_o servant_n of_o state_n in_o send_v they_o as_o ambassador_n and_o captain_n tacitus_n tacitus_n as_o if_o they_o claim_v more_o interest_n in_o he_o then_o he_o in_o they_o and_o the_o historian_n say_v express_o that_o among_o those_o people_n in_o germany_n that_o have_v king_n their_o king_n have_v a_o define_v power_n and_o be_v not_o supra_fw-la libertatem_fw-la and_o this_o maxim_n of_o state_n become_v afterward_o privilege_v by_o sanctuary_n for_o by_o the_o growth_n of_o antichrist_n not_o only_o the_o clergy_n but_o even_o their_o tenant_n and_o retainer_n be_v exempt_a from_o reach_n of_o king_n even_o by_o their_o own_o concession_n allow_v of_o a_o law_n that_o cut_v the_o throat_n of_o their_o indefined_a prerogative_n 17._o ll._n sax._n ed._n cap._n 17._o viz._n that_o if_o the_o king_n defend_v not_o his_o people_n and_o especial_o churchman_n from_o injury_n nec_fw-la nomen_fw-la regis_fw-la in_o eo_fw-la constabit_fw-la verum_fw-la nomen_fw-la regis_fw-la perdit_fw-la which_o law_n however_o it_o may_v pass_v for_o currant_n divinity_n in_o those_o day_n yet_o its_o strange_a it_o shall_v get_v into_o a_o public_a act_n of_o state_n nor_o be_v this_o a_o dead_a word_n 755._o m._n westm_n an._n 756_o 758._o wigorn._n an._n 755._o for_o the_o people_n have_v former_o a_o trick_n of_o depose_v their_o king_n when_o they_o see_v he_o peep_v above_o the_o ordinary_a reach_n and_o this_o be_v a_o easy_a work_n for_o they_o to_o do_v where_o ever_o neighbour_a prince_n of_o their_o own_o nation_n watch_v for_o the_o windfall_n of_o crown_n this_o make_v the_o monarchical_a crown_n in_o this_o land_n to_o walk_v circuit_n into_o all_o part_n of_o the_o country_n to_o find_v head_n fit_a to_o wear_v itself_o until_o the_o norman_a time_n three_o the_o saxon_n have_v so_o hammer_v their_o king_n in_o their_o election_n and_o make_v he_o so_o proper_o their_o own_o as_o they_o claim_v a_o interest_n not_o only_o in_o the_o person_n of_o their_o king_n but_o also_o in_o their_o estate_n so_o as_o in_o some_o respect_n they_o be_v scarce_o svi_fw-la juris_fw-la for_o king_n baldred_n have_v give_v the_o manor_n of_o malings_z in_o sussex_n to_o christchurch_n in_o canterbury_n and_o because_o the_o lord_n consent_v not_o thereto_o 340._o council_n brit._n 340._o it_o be_v revoke_v and_o king_n egbert_n afterward_o make_v a_o new_a grant_n by_o advice_n of_o the_o lord_n which_o show_v that_o the_o demesne_n of_o the_o crown_n be_v hold_v sacred_a and_o not_o to_o be_v dispose_v of_o to_o any_o other_o use_n though_o pious_a without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o herewith_o concur_v all_o the_o saxon_a infeodation_n attest_v and_o confirm_v by_o bishop_n abbot_n duke_n and_o other_o of_o the_o nobility_n under_o their_o several_a hand_n nevertheless_o king_n be_v not_o then_o like_a unto_o plume_a eagle_n expose_v to_o the_o charity_n of_o the_o fowl_n for_o food_n but_o have_v a_o royal_a maintenance_n suitable_a to_o their_o majesty_n their_o power_n be_v double_a one_o as_o a_o captain_n other_o as_o a_o king_n the_o first_o be_v first_o and_o make_v way_n for_o the_o second_o as_o captain_n their_o power_n be_v to_o lead_v the_o army_n punish_v according_a to_o demerit_n and_o according_a to_o law_n and_o reward_n according_a to_o discretion_n as_o captain_n they_o have_v by_o ancient_a custom_n the_o whole_a spoil_n leave_v to_o their_o order_n by_o permission_n of_o the_o army_n tacitus_n tacitus_n exigunt_fw-la principis_fw-la liberalitate_fw-la illum_fw-la bellatorem_fw-la equum_fw-la illam_fw-la cruentam_fw-la &_o victricem_fw-la frameam_fw-la and_o they_o be_v not_o wont_v in_o such_o case_n to_o be_v close_o hand_v per_fw-la bella_fw-la raptus_fw-la munificentiae_fw-la materia_fw-la the_o spoil_n in_o these_o waste_a part_n of_o germany_n bring_v little_a other_o than_o horse_n and_o arm_n but_o after_o they_o come_v into_o britain_n the_o change_n of_o soil_n make_v they_o more_o fat_a horse_n and_o arm_n be_v turn_v into_o town_n house_n land_n and_o cattle_n and_o these_o be_v distribute_v as_o spoil_n among_o the_o saxon_a soldier_n by_o their_o general_n and_o this_o redound_v to_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o state_n and_o port_n of_o the_o great_a man_n who_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v honour_v non_fw-la stipendiis_fw-la sed_fw-la muneribus_fw-la tacitus_n tacitus_n and_o the_o people_n use_v ultro_fw-la &_o viritum_fw-la confer_v principibus_fw-la vel_fw-la armentorum_fw-la vel_fw-la frugum_fw-la aliquid_fw-la but_o now_o upon_o the_o distribution_n of_o conquer_a town_n house_n land_n and_o cattle_n in_o britain_n a_o yearly_a product_n of_o victual_n or_o other_o service_n be_v reserve_v and_o allow_v to_o the_o saxon_a king_n by_o the_o people_n as_o the_o people_n allow_v to_o joshua_n his_o land_n jos_n 19.49_o so_o as_o they_o need_v no_o long_o the_o former_a course_n of_o offering_n but_o have_v enough_o to_o maintain_v their_o royal_a port_n and_o great_a superfluity_n of_o demesne_n beside_o as_o their_o charity_n to_o the_o church_n man_n do_v sufficient_o evidence_n and_o by_o this_o mean_v all_o the_o land_n in_o england_n become_v mediate_o or_o immediate_o hold_v of_o the_o crown_n and_o a_o settle_a maintenance_n annex_v to_o the_o same_o beside_o the_o casual_a profit_n upon_o emergency_n or_o perquisites_n of_o felon_n or_o fugitive_n good_n mine_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n treasure_n trove_v mulct_n for_o offence_n 14_o miror_fw-la 101_o 298_o ll._n edw._n cap._n 14_o and_o other_o privilege_n which_o be_v original_o in_o the_o king_n be_v by_o they_o grant_v and_o make_v royalty_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o subject_n as_o at_o this_o day_n to_o the_o increase_n of_o majesty_n and_o maintenance_n there_o be_v a_o
of_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n and_o all_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o connection_n show_v plain_o that_o there_o be_v council_n beside_o that_o of_o the_o prelate_n and_o prince_n three_o in_o matter_n of_o general_a charge_n upon_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o people_n the_o king_n use_v also_o the_o help_n of_o this_o grand_a council_n spicil_n ll._n gulielm_n c._n 58._o spicil_n as_o may_v especial_o appear_v in_o the_o charge_n of_o arm_n impose_v upon_o the_o subject_n it_o be_v say_v it_o be_v do_v by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n as_o be_v witness_v even_o by_o the_o king_n own_o law_n it_o may_v seem_v also_o that_o the_o grand_a officer_n of_o the_o state_n be_v elect_v by_o such_o grand_a assembly_n of_o the_o wise_a man_n for_o we_o find_v that_o lanfrank_n be_v elect_v to_o the_o see_v of_o canterbury_n by_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o prelate_n and_o of_o the_o whole_a people_n 110._o antiq._n brit._n foe_o 110._o that_o be_v by_o the_o parliament_n of_o england_n and_o as_o probable_a it_o be_v that_o bishop_n be_v therein_o also_o elect_v for_o that_o the_o bishop_n of_o lichfield_n resign_v his_o bishopric_n in_o such_o like_a assembly_n if_o the_o meaning_n of_o lanfrank_n be_v right_o understand_v 1070._o baron_fw-fr anal._n an._n 1070._o who_o say_v in_o his_o letter_n that_o it_o be_v in_o conventu_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la atque_fw-la laicorum_fw-la last_o that_o one_o law_n of_o this_o king_n which_o may_v be_v call_v the_o first_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la in_o the_o norman_a time_n by_o which_o the_o king_n reserve_v to_o himself_o from_o the_o free_a man_n of_o this_o kingdom_n nothing_o but_o their_o free_a service_n 55._o ll._n gulielm_n c._n 55._o in_o the_o conclusion_n say_v that_o their_o land_n be_v thus_o grant_v to_o they_o in_o inheritance_n of_o the_o king_n by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o so_o assert_n in_o one_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o free_a man_n and_o of_o the_o representative_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n these_o footstep_n of_o the_o parliament_n find_v we_o in_o the_o conqueror_n time_n beside_o other_o more_o general_a intimation_n scatter_v among_o the_o historian_n which_o may_v induce_v opinion_n to_o its_o full_a strength_n that_o this_o king_n however_o conqueror_n he_o be_v yet_o make_v use_n of_o this_o additional_a power_n of_o parliament_n to_o perfect_v his_o design_n and_o it_o may_v be_v more_o often_o then_o either_o of_o his_o son_n that_o yet_o have_v less_o pretence_n of_o superlative_a power_n to_o countenance_v their_o proceed_n william_n rufus_n be_v a_o man_n of_o resolution_n no_o whit_n inferior_a if_o not_o surpass_v his_o father_n and_o have_v wit_n enough_o for_o any_o thing_n but_o to_o govern_v his_o desire_n which_o lead_v he_o many_o time_n wild_a and_o may_v occasion_v conceit_n that_o he_o be_v almost_o a_o mad_a king_n though_o he_o be_v a_o witty_a man_n &_o therefore_o it_o be_v the_o less_o marvel_n if_o he_o use_v not_o the_o help_n of_o the_o common_a council_n more_o than_o needs_o must_v where_o king_n many_o time_n be_v tell_v of_o that_o which_o they_o be_v loath_a to_o know_v nevertheless_o william_n the_o second_o can_v not_o pass_v over_o thirteen_o year_n without_o a_o parley_n with_o his_o commons_o and_o clergy_n unless_o he_o mean_v to_o adventure_v a_o parley_n between_o they_o and_o his_o brother_n robert_n who_o like_o a_o eagle_n eye_v his_o posture_n though_o he_o hover_v afar_o of_o but_o henry_n the_o first_o be_v more_o wise_a and_o be_v train_v up_o even_o from_o the_o cradle_n in_o the_o english_a garb_n moralize_v by_o learning_n and_o now_o admit_v into_o the_o throne_n find_v it_o the_o wise_a course_n to_o apply_v himself_o to_o the_o rule_n of_o a_o english_a king_n viz._n to_o win_v and_o maintain_v the_o good_a opinion_n of_o the_o people_n by_o consort_a together_o with_o they_o under_o one_o law_n and_o pledge_v himself_o thereto_o by_o take_v unto_o wife_n one_o of_o the_o english_a blood-royal_n by_o this_o mean_v reseise_v and_o reassume_v the_o english_a in_o partnership_n with_o the_o norman_a in_o their_o ancient_a right_n of_o government_n and_o reconcile_v the_o mind_n of_o the_o people_n under_o a_o lively_a hope_n of_o enjoy_v a_o settle_a government_n nor_o be_v they_o great_o deceive_v herein_o for_o his_o course_n be_v less_o plannetary_a than_o that_o of_o either_o of_o his_o predecessor_n and_o yet_o we_o find_v little_o say_v of_o his_o parley_n with_o his_o people_n in_o a_o parliamentary_a way_n although_o more_o of_o his_o law_n then_o of_o any_o of_o his_o predecessor_n the_o reason_n will_v rest_v in_o this_o that_o the_o writer_n of_o those_o time_n touch_v more_o upon_o matter_n of_o ordinary_a then_o political_a observation_n and_o regard_v rather_o the_o thing_n then_o the_o place_n or_o manner_n how_o the_o law_n therefore_o although_o they_o be_v not_o entitle_v as_o make_v in_o parliament_n yet_o in_o the_o continuation_n of_o the_o history_n of_o bede_n be_v note_v that_o the_o king_n renew_v or_o confirm_v the_o ancient_a law_n in_o concilio_n peritorum_fw-la &_o proborum_fw-la virorum_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la 30._o bede_n hist_o l._n 3._o c._n 30._o which_o may_v give_v sufficient_a cause_n to_o suppose_v that_o he_o decline_v not_o the_o ancient_a way_n no_o more_o than_o he_o do_v the_o ancient_a law_n chap._n xlvii_o of_o the_o franchise_n of_o the_o church_n in_o the_o norman_n time_n the_o canon_n law_n that_o ever_o since_o augustine_n come_v like_o thunder_n rumble_v in_o the_o cloud_n now_o break_v forth_o with_o confusion_n to_o all_o opposer_n it_o have_v former_o make_v many_o fair_a proffer_n of_o service_n to_o this_o island_n but_o it_o be_v disaccept_v as_o too_o stately_a to_o serve_v yet_o by_o often_o courtesy_n receive_v it_o be_v allow_v as_o a_o friend_n a_o far_o of_o for_o the_o vast_a body_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n like_o a_o body_n waste_v with_o age_n die_v upward_o and_o leave_v the_o briton_n to_o their_o own_o law_n before_o the_o second_o beast_n be_v grow_v which_o be_v young_a be_v nourish_v under_o the_o imperial_a law_n of_o the_o first_o beast_n till_o it_o grow_v as_o strong_a as_o its_o damn_n and_o begin_v to_o prey_n for_o itself_o the_o empire_n perceive_v its_o gray_a hair_n and_o the_o youthful_a courage_n of_o this_o upstart_n be_v glad_a to_o enter_v mutual_a league_n with_o it_o the_o one_o to_o maintain_v the_o ecclesiastical_a monarchy_n of_o the_o other_o and_o that_o the_o imperial_a monarchy_n of_o the_o former_a and_o so_o become_v the_o canon_n and_o imperial_a law_n to_o be_v unite_v and_o the_o professor_n to_o be_v utriusque_fw-la juris_fw-la but_o this_o parity_n continue_v not_o long_o the_o young_a beast_n look_v like_o a_o lamb_n but_o speak_v like_o a_o lion_n and_o contrary_o the_o eagle_n have_v cast_v its_o feather_n and_o can_v tower_v no_o more_o so_o as_o by_o this_o time_n the_o pope_n be_v too_o good_a for_o the_o emperor_n and_o the_o canon_n law_n above_o the_o imperial_a yet_o allow_v it_o to_o serve_v the_o turn_n and_o so_o the_o professor_n of_o both_o law_n become_v student_n in_o the_o civil_a but_o practiser_n of_o the_o canon_n this_o composition_n thus_o make_v beyond_o the_o sea_n the_o great_a work_n be_v how_o to_o transport_v it_o over_o into_o this_o isle_n for_o the_o emperor_n can_v entitle_v the_o pope_n to_o no_o power_n here_o because_o none_o he_o have_v austin_n the_o monk_n undertake_v the_o work_n he_o offer_v it_o to_o the_o briton_n under_o the_o goodly_a title_n of_o universal_a bishop_n but_o they_o keep_v themselves_o out_o of_o canon-shot_a the_o saxon_n allow_v the_o title_n but_o like_v not_o the_o power_n the_o monk_n observe_v the_o stop_n and_o leave_v time_n to_o work_v out_o that_o which_o present_a cunning_a can_v not_o be_v content_a for_o the_o present_a that_o a_o league_n of_o cohabitation_n shall_v be_v make_v between_o the_o two_o sword_n 3._o ll._n edw._n c._n 3._o though_o the_o spiritual_a be_v for_o the_o present_a underling_n not_o despair_v that_o it_o will_v work_v out_o its_o own_o way_n over_o the_o saxon_a law_n as_o it_o have_v do_v over_o the_o imperial_a nor_o do_v his_o conceit_n altogether_o fail_v for_o the_o saxon_n by_o little_a allow_v much_o and_o the_o dane_n more_o although_o the_o main_n be_v preserve_v until_o the_o norman_n come_v upon_o the_o stage_n who_o make_v their_o way_n by_o the_o pope_n leave_n and_o give_v he_o a_o colour_n of_o somewhat_o more_o than_o ever_o any_o of_o their_o saxon_a predecessor_n have_v do_v and_o to_o gain_v the_o more_o quiet_a possession_n of_o the_o crown_n to_o themselves_o allow_v the_o pope_n the_o honour_n of_o their_o council_n learned_a to_o draw_v the_o conveyance_n
in_o fifteen_o manor_n two_o township_n with_o many_o liberty_n upon_o the_o vote_n of_o the_o freeholder_n in_o a_o county_n court_n and_o that_o the_o sentence_n be_v allow_v and_o commend_v by_o the_o king_n and_o submit_v to_o by_o all_o in_o the_o next_o place_n we_o be_v to_o come_v to_o the_o hundred_o court_n court_n hundred_o court_n of_o which_o there_o be_v by_o the_o norman_n allow_v two_o sort_n the_o first_o whereof_o be_v hold_v twice_o a_o year_n this_o be_v former_o call_v the_o tear_v and_o be_v the_o sheriff_n court_n hereof_o little_a notice_n be_v take_v 8._o ll._n hen_n 1_o c_o 8._o save_v that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o its_o work_n seem_v to_o be_v much_o design_v to_o the_o view_n of_o free_a pledge_n but_o the_o more_o ordinary_a court_n be_v that_o which_o belong_v to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o hundred_o unto_o who_o also_o belong_v the_o fine_n in_o case_n there_o concern_v this_o court_n be_v to_o be_v hold_v once_o in_o each_o month_n 42._o ll._n gulielm_n cap._n 41._o ll._n hen._n 1_o c._n 7._o ll._n gulielm_n cap._n 41._o ll._n gulielm_n cap._n 42._o and_o no_o suit_n to_o be_v begin_v in_o the_o king_n court_n that_o regular_o aught_o to_o begin_v in_o the_o hund_n ed._n no_o distringas_fw-la shall_v issue_v forth_o till_o three_o demand_n make_v in_o the_o hundred_o and_o three_o distress_n shall_v then_o issue_v forth_o and_o if_o upon_o the_o four_o the_o party_n appear_v not_o execution_n shall_v be_v by_o sale_n of_o the_o distress_n and_o the_o complainant_n shall_v receive_v satisfaction_n but_o by_o the_o latter_a law_n of_o the_o same_o king_n there_o be_v but_o two_o summons_n allow_v and_o then_o two_o distress_n 64._o ll._n hen_n 1._o c._n 64._o and_o in_o case_n no_o appearance_n be_v execution_n shall_v be_v for_o the_o complainant_n and_o for_o the_o king_n fine_a 7._o ll._n hen._n 1._o c._n 7._o last_o as_o the_o case_n concern_v either_o person_n or_o place_n sometime_o they_o use_v to_o join_v several_a hundred_o together_o into_o one_o court_n but_o this_o be_v by_o special_a commission_n or_o writ_n as_o touch_v inferior_a court_n of_o tow_n and_o manor_n there_o be_v little_a observation_n to_o be_v have_v 7._o court_n of_o town_n and_o manor_n ll._n hen._n 1._o c._n 7._o be_v of_o too_o private_a a_o regard_n to_o come_v into_o fame_n in_o those_o rough_a time_n yet_o in_o henry_n the_o fir_v law_n be_v order_v that_o town_n court_n shall_v meet_v every_o month_n and_o that_o lord_n shall_v hold_v plea_n either_o in_o their_o own_o person_n or_o by_o their_o steward_n and_o that_o the_o chief_a man_n in_o that_o parish_n with_o four_o other_o of_o the_o chief_a sort_n and_o the_o minister_n or_o parish_n priest_n shall_v join_v their_o assistance_n in_o that_o work_n but_o in_o nothing_o more_o do_v the_o norman_a king_n show_v their_o paternal_a love_n to_o the_o commonweal_n decenner_n decenner_n then_o in_o the_o law_n of_o pledge_n or_o decenner_n for_o as_o of_o all_o other_o beauty_n it_o suffer_v most_o blemish_n from_o the_o storm_n of_o the_o norman_a invasion_n so_o be_v it_o their_o especial_a care_n to_o renew_v the_o life_n thereof_o not_o now_o among_o the_o native_n only_o but_o join_v the_o norman_n to_o the_o saxon_n in_o the_o same_o bond_n of_o brotherhood_n utter_o drown_v thereby_o all_o memory_n of_o lordly_a power_n and_o so_o of_o divers_a people_n make_v one_o conquer_v even_o conquest_n itself_o if_o any_o be_v and_o make_v all_o joynt-partner_n in_o one_o common_a liberty_n 8._o ll._n gulielm_n cap._n 64._o ll._n hen._n 1._o c._n 8._o every_o free_a man_n must_v be_v under_o pledge_n to_o satisfy_v justice_n in_o case_n of_o delinquency_n over_o every_o nine_o person_n under_o pledge_n there_o must_v be_v one_o man_n in_o authority_n view_v of_o free_a pledge_n must_v be_v to_o see_v that_o the_o decennary_n be_v full_a and_o if_o any_o be_v depart_v to_o inquire_v the_o cause_n and_o if_o any_o be_v come_v in_o whether_o he_o be_v under_o pledge_n or_o not_o and_o thus_o the_o norman_a king_n have_v their_o people_n under_o treble_a guard_n one_o of_o fealty_n the_o other_o of_o association_n and_o the_o three_o that_o of_o pledge_n and_o all_o little_a enough_o to_o secure_v that_o which_o they_o in_o their_o own_o conscience_n may_v have_v some_o cause_n to_o question_n whether_o it_o belong_v to_o they_o or_o not_o chap._n xlix_o of_o the_o immunity_n of_o the_o saxon_a free_a man_n under_o the_o norman_a government_n the_o freedom_n of_o a_o english_a man_n consist_v in_o three_o particular_n first_o in_o ownership_n of_o what_o he_o have_v second_o in_o vote_v any_o law_n whereby_o that_o ownership_n be_v to_o be_v maintain_v and_o three_o in_o have_v a_o influence_n upon_o that_o judicatory_a power_n that_o must_v apply_v that_o law_n now_o that_o the_o english_a under_o the_o norman_n enjoy_v all_o this_o freedom_n unto_o each_o man_n own_o particular_a beside_o what_o they_o have_v in_o body_n aggregate_v may_v appear_v as_o follow_v the_o free_a man_n of_o england_n be_v such_o as_o either_o join_v in_o the_o war_n with_o harold_n against_o the_o norman_n or_o such_o as_o absent_v themselves_o from_o the_o way_n of_o opposition_n or_o enmity_n and_o be_v either_o wait_v upon_o their_o own_o affair_n or_o side_v with_o the_o norman_n and_o questionless_a all_o the_o sadness_n of_o the_o war_n befall_v the_o first_o sort_n of_o the_o english_a who_o person_n and_o estate_n to_o make_v the_o way_n of_o the_o first_o norman_n william_n regular_a and_o of_o one_o piece_n never_o fall_v so_o low_a as_o to_o come_v under_o the_o law_n or_o rather_o the_o will_n of_o conquest_n but_o in_o their_o worst_a condition_n be_v in_o truth_n within_o the_o directory_n of_o the_o law_n of_o forfeiture_n for_o treason_n against_o their_o sovereign_a lord_n who_o claim_n be_v by_o title_n as_o have_v be_v already_o note_v the_o other_o sort_n either_o do_v appear_v to_o be_v the_o norman_n friend_n or_o for_o aught_o appear_v so_o be_v and_o so_o never_o offend_v the_o law_n never_o suffer_v any_o penalty_n but_o hold_v their_o person_n and_o possession_n still_o under_o the_o patronage_n of_o law_n as_o ancient_o they_o and_o their_o ancestor_n have_v do_v and_o that_o this_o be_v the_o norman_n meaning_n they_o publish_v the_o same_o to_o the_o world_n in_o a_o fundamental_a law_n whereby_o be_v grant_v 55._o ll._n gulielm_n cap._n 55._o that_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n shall_v have_v and_o hold_v their_o land_n and_o possession_n in_o hereditary_a right_n for_o ever_o and_o by_o this_o be_v secure_v against_o forfeiture_n they_o be_v further_o save_v from_o all_o wrong_n by_o the_o same_o law_n which_o provide_v that_o they_o shall_v hold_v they_o well_o or_o quiet_o and_o in_o peace_n free_a from_o all_o unjust_a tax_n and_o from_o all_o tallage_n so_o as_o nothing_o shall_v be_v exact_v nor_o take_v but_o their_o free_a service_n which_o by_o right_n they_o be_v bind_v to_o perform_v this_o be_v expound_v in_o the_o law_n of_o h._n 1._o cap._n 4._o that_o no_o tribute_n or_o tax_n shall_v be_v take_v but_o what_o be_v due_a in_o the_o confessor_n time_n under_o the_o word_n tax_n be_v understand_v monetagium_fw-la commune_v per_fw-la civitates_fw-la or_o comitatus_fw-la so_o as_o aide_n and_o escuage_n be_v not_o include_v for_o they_o be_v not_o charge_v upon_o county_n and_o city_n but_o upon_o tenor_n in_o knight-service_n nor_o be_v dane_n grelt_v hereby_o take_v away_o for_o that_o be_v a_o tax_n in_o the_o confessor_n time_n and_o grant_v by_o parliament_n so_o then_o the_o norman_a king_n claim_v no_o other_o right_n in_o the_o land_n and_o possesson_n of_o any_o of_o their_o subject_n then_o under_o and_o by_o the_o law_n or_o common_a right_n and_o they_o conclude_v the_o law_n with_o a_o sicut_fw-la which_o i_o thus_o english_a as_o it_o be_v enact_v to_o they_o or_o agree_v by_o they_o and_o unto_o they_o 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this_o day_n hold_v the_o last_o in_o custom_n to_o all_o intent_n whatsoever_o the_o last_o branch_n provide_v the_o remedy_n to_o recover_v to_o the_o heir_n his_o possession_n in_o case_n it_o be_v detain_v either_o through_o doubtfulness_n of_o age_n of_o the_o heir_n or_o his_o title_n and_o it_o direct_v the_o issue_n to_o be_v try_v by_o twelve_o man_n this_o trial_n some_o have_v think_v to_o be_v of_o glanvil_n invention_n and_o it_o may_v well_o be_v that_o this_o trial_n of_o this_o matter_n as_o thus_o set_v down_o be_v direct_v by_o he_o yet_o he_o use_v often_o in_o his_o book_n the_o word_n solet_fw-la and_o in_o his_o preface_n say_v that_o he_o will_v set_v down_o frequentius_fw-la usitata_fw-la and_o its_o past_a question_n but_o that_o the_o trial_n by_o twelve_o man_n be_v much_o more_o ancient_a as_o have_v be_v already_o note_v one_o thing_n more_o yet_o remain_v concern_v the_o widow_n of_o the_o tenant_n who_o dower_n be_v not_o only_o provide_v for_o but_o her_o reasonable_a part_n of_o her_o husband_n personal_a estate_n the_o original_a hereof_o be_v from_o the_o norman_n and_o it_o be_v as_o popular_a as_o that_o of_o wardship_n be_v regal_a and_o so_o they_o make_v the_o english_a woman_n as_o sure_a to_o they_o as_o they_o be_v sure_a of_o their_o child_n the_o justice_n shall_v by_o assize_n try_v disseisin_n do_v since_o the_o king_n 10._o 10._o come_v over_o sea_n next_o after_o the_o peace_n make_v between_o he_o and_o his_o son_n this_o be_v call_v the_o assize_n of_o novel_a disseisin_n or_o of_o disseisin_n late_o make_v it_o seem_v that_o the_o limitation_n be_v set_v for_o the_o justice_n sake_n who_o now_o be_v appoint_v to_o that_o work_n which_o former_o belong_v to_o the_o county_n court_v 33._o glanv_n lib._n 13._o cap._n 33._o and_o to_o prevent_v intrenchment_n of_o court_n a_o limitation_n be_v determine_v although_o the_o copy_n seem_v to_o be_v mistake_v for_o the_o limitation_n in_o the_o writ_n be_v from_o the_o king_n last_o voyage_n or_o go_v into_o normandy_n justice_n shall_v do_v right_a upon_o the_o king_n write_v for_o half_a a_o 11._o 11._o knight_n fee_n and_z under_z unless_o in_o case_n of_o difficulty_n which_o be_v to_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o king_n the_o justice_n itinerant_a end_v the_o small_a matter_n in_o their_o circuit_n the_o other_o be_v reserve_v to_o the_o king_n in_o his_o bench_n justice_n shall_v inquire_v of_o escheate_n land_n church_n and_o 12._o 12._o woman_n in_o the_o king_n gift_n and_o of_o castle_n guard_n who_o how_o much_o and_o where_o so_o as_o the_o judge_n itinerant_a have_v the_o work_n of_o escheator_n and_o make_v their_o circuit_n serve_v as_o well_o for_o the_o king_n profit_n as_o justice_n to_o the_o subject_n they_o use_v also_o to_o take_v fealty_n of_o the_o people_n to_o the_o king_n at_o one_o certain_a time_n of_o the_o year_n and_o to_o demand_v homage_n also_o these_o matter_n of_o the_o king_n exchequer_n make_v the_o presence_n of_o the_o judge_n less_o acceptable_a and_o it_o may_v be_v occasion_v some_o kind_n of_o oppression_n and_o as_o touch_v castleguard_n it_o be_v a_o tenure_n in_o great_a use_n in_o these_o bloody_a time_n and_o yet_o it_o seem_v they_o use_v to_o take_v rend_v instead_o of_o the_o personal_a service_n else_o have_v that_o enquiry_n how_o much_o be_v improper_a 13._o 13._o of_o a_o tenant_n hold_v and_o of_o several_a lord_n that_o one_o man_n may_v hold_v several_a land_n of_o several_a lord_n and_o so_o owe_v service_n to_o they_o all_o be_v so_o common_a as_o nothing_o can_v be_v more_o nevertheless_o it_o will_v not_o be_v altogether_o out_o of_o the_o way_n to_o touch_v somewhat_o upon_o the_o nature_n of_o this_o mutual_a relation_n between_o lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o general_a that_o the_o true_a nature_n of_o the_o diversity_n may_v more_o full_o appear_v the_o foundation_n or_o subject_n of_o service_n be_v a_o piece_n of_o land_n or_o other_o tenement_n at_o the_o first_o give_v by_o the_o lord_n to_o the_o tenant_n in_o affirmance_n of_o a_o stipulation_n between_o they_o presuppose_v by_o the_o give_v and_o receive_v whereof_o the_o tenant_n undertake_v to_o perform_v service_n to_o the_o lord_n 4._o glanv_n lib._n 9_o cap._n 4._o and_o the_o lord_n undertake_v protection_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o his_o right_n to_o that_o tenement_n the_o service_n be_v first_o by_o promise_n solemn_o bind_v either_o by_o oath_n which_o the_o lord_n or_o his_o deputy_n by_o the_o common_a law_n have_v power_n to_o administer_v as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o fealty_n in_o which_o the_o tenant_n bind_v himself_o to_o be_v true_a to_o the_o honour_n and_o safety_n of_o his_o lord_n person_n and_o to_o perform_v the_o service_n due_a to_o the_o lord_n for_o the_o tenement_n so_o give_v or_o otherwise_o by_o the_o tenant_n humble_a acknowledgement_n and_o promise_v not_o only_o to_o perform_v the_o service_n due_a but_o even_o to_o be_v devote_v to_o the_o lord_n service_n to_o honour_v he_o and_o to_o adventure_v limb_n and_o life_n and_o to_o be_v true_a and_o faithful_a to_o the_o lord_n this_o be_v call_v homage_n from_o those_o word_n i_o become_v your_o man_n sir_n and_o yet_o promise_v upon_o the_o matter_n no_o more_o but_o fealty_n in_o a_o deep_a compliment_n albeit_o there_o be_v difference_n in_o the_o adjunct_n belong_v to_o each_o for_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o by_o promise_n of_o be_v the_o lord_n man_n a_o general_a service_n may_v seem_v to_o be_v imply_v yet_o in_o regard_n that_o it_o be_v upon_o occasion_n only_o of_o that_o present_a tenure_n it_o seem_v to_o i_o that_o it_o be_v to_o be_v restrain_v only_o to_o those_o particular_a service_n which_o belong_v to_o that_o tenement_n and_o therefore_o if_o that_o tenement_n be_v hold_v in_o soccage_n although_o the_o tenant_n be_v bind_v to_o homage_n yet_o that_o homage_n tie_v not_o the_o tenant_n to_o the_o service_n of_o a_o knight_n 5_o lit._n lib._n 2._o cap._n 5_o nor_o contrary_o do_v the_o homage_n of_o a_o tenant_n in_o knight_n service_n tie_v he_o to_o that_o of_o socage_n upon_o the_o command_n of_o his_o lord_n though_o he_o profess_v himself_o to_o be_v his_o man_n nor_o do_v the_o tenant_n homage_n bind_v he_o against_o all_o man_n nor_o ad_fw-la semper_fw-la for_o in_o case_n he_o hold_v of_o two_o or_o divers_a lord_n by_o homage_n for_o several_a tenement_n 10._o glanv_n lib._n 9_o cap._n 1._o lib._n 7._o cap._n 10._o and_o these_o two_o lord_n be_v in_o war_n one_o against_o the_o other_o the_o tenant_n must_v serve_v his_o chief_a lord_n of_o who_o the_o capital_a house_n be_v hold_v or_o that_o lord_n which_o be_v he_o by_o priority_n who_o may_v be_v call_v the_o chief_a lord_n because_o have_v first_o receive_v homage_n he_o receive_v it_o absolute_o from_o his_o tenant_n but_o all_o other_o lord_n receive_v homage_n of_o such_o tenant_n with_o a_o save_n of_o the_o tenant_n faith_n make_v to_o other_o lord_n and_o to_o the_o king_n who_o in_o order_n to_o the_o public_a have_v power_n to_o command_v a_o tenant_n into_o war_n against_o his_o own_o lord_n if_o therefore_o he_o be_v command_v by_o the_o king_n in_o such_o case_n unto_o war_n he_o need_v not_o question_v the_o point_n of_o forfeiture_n 1._o glanvil_n lib._n 9_o cap._n 1._o but_o if_o he_o be_v command_v by_o a_o chief_a of_o his_o other_o lord_n into_o war_n against_o a_o party_n in_o which_o another_o of_o his_o lord_n be_v engage_v his_o safe_a way_n be_v to_o enter_v upon_o the_o work_n because_o of_o his_o allegiancc_fw-la to_o that_o lord_n yet_o with_o a_o salvo_fw-la of_o his_o fealty_n to_o that_o other_o lord._n 4._o ibid._n cap._n 4._o but_o in_o all_o ordinary_a case_n tenant_n and_o lord_n must_v have_v regard_n to_o their_o stipulation_n for_o otherwise_o if_o either_o break_v the_o other_o be_v discharge_v for_o ever_o and_o if_o the_o fault_n be_v in_o the_o tenant_n his_o tenement_n escheat_n to_o his_o lord_n and_o if_o the_o lord_n fail_v he_o lose_v his_o tenure_n and_o the_o tenant_n may_v thence_o forth_o disclaim_v and_o hold_v over_o for_o ever_o nevertheless_o the_o lord_n have_v two_o privilege_n by_o common_a custom_n belong_v to_o their_o tenor_n which_o although_o not_o mention_v in_o the_o stipulation_n be_v yet_o more_o valuable_a than_o all_o the_o rest_n the_o one_o concern_v matter_n of_o profit_n the_o other_o of_o power_n that_o of_o profit_n consist_v in_o aid_n and_o relief_n the_o aid_n be_v of_o three_o kind_n 8._o ibid._n c._n 8._o one_o to_o make_v the_o lord_n elder_a son_n knight_n the_o other_o to_o marry_v his_o elder_a daughter_n the_o three_o to_o help_v he_o to_o pay_v a_o relief_n to_o his_o lord_n paramont_n which_o in_o my_o opinion_n
sound_v as_o much_o as_o if_o the_o tenant_n be_v bind_v by_o their_o tenor_n to_o aid_v their_o lord_n in_o all_o case_n of_o extraordinary_a charge_n save_v that_o the_o lord_n can_v not_o distrain_v his_o tenant_n for_o aid_n to_o his_o war_n and_o this_o according_a to_o the_o lord_n discretion_n ibid._n ibid._n for_o glanvile_n 8_o glanv_n l._n 9_o c._n 8_o say_v that_o the_o law_n determine_v nothing_o concern_v the_o quantity_n or_o value_n of_o these_o aid_n these_o be_v the_o norman_a way_n and_o savour_v so_o much_o of_o lordship_n that_o within_o that_o age_n they_o be_v regulate_v but_o that_o of_o relief_n be_v a_o ancient_a sacrifice_n as_o of_o first_o fruit_n of_o the_o tenement_n to_o the_o lord_n in_o memorial_n of_o the_o first_o lord_n favour_n in_o confer_v that_o tenement_n ibid._n ibid._n and_o it_o be_v first_o settle_v in_o the_o saxon_n time_n the_o lord_n privilege_n of_o power_n extend_v so_o far_o as_o to_o distrain_v his_o tenant_n into_o his_o own_o court_n to_o answer_v to_o himself_o in_o all_o cause_n that_o concern_v his_o right_n and_o so_o the_o lord_n become_v both_o judge_n and_o party_n which_o be_v soon_o feel_v and_o prevent_v as_o shall_v appear_v hereafter_o another_o privilege_n of_o the_o lord_n power_n be_v over_o the_o tenant_n heir_n after_o the_o tenant_n death_n in_o the_o dispose_n of_o the_o body_n during_o the_o minority_n and_o marriage_n of_o the_o same_o as_o touch_v the_o dispose_n of_o the_o body_n the_o lord_n either_o retain_v the_o same_o in_o his_o own_o power_n 7.10_o glanv_n 7.10_o or_o commit_v the_o same_o to_o other_o and_o this_o be_v do_v either_o pleno_fw-la jure_fw-la or_o render_v a_o account_n 12._o ibid._n c._n 12._o as_o concern_v the_o marriage_n of_o the_o female_n that_o be_v heir_n or_o so_o apparent_a the_o parent_n in_o their_o life_n time_n can_v marry_v they_o without_o the_o lord_n consent_n nor_o may_v they_o marry_v themselves_o after_o their_o parent_n death_n without_o the_o same_o and_o the_o lord_n be_v bind_v to_o give_v their_o consent_n unless_o they_o can_v show_v cause_n to_o the_o contrary_n the_o like_a also_o of_o the_o tenant_n widow_n that_o have_v any_o dowry_n in_o the_o land_n of_o such_o tenure_n and_o by_o such_o like_a mean_n as_o these_o the_o power_n of_o the_o baron_n grow_v to_o that_o height_n that_o in_o the_o lump_n it_o be_v too_o massy_a both_o for_o prince_n and_o commons_o 14._o 14._o of_o the_o power_n of_o the_o last_o will._n it_o be_v a_o receive_a opinion_n that_o at_o the_o common_a law_n no_o man_n can_v devise_v his_o land_n by_o his_o last_n will_n if_o thereby_o it_o be_v conceive_v to_o be_v against_o common_a reason_n i_o shall_v not_o touch_v that_o but_o if_o against_o custom_n of_o the_o ancient_a time_n i_o must_v suspend_v my_o concurrence_n therewith_o until_o those_o ancient_a time_n be_v define_v for_o as_o yet_o i_o find_v no_o testimony_n sufficient_a to_o assert_v that_o opinion_n but_o rather_o that_o the_o time_n hitherto_o have_v a_o sacred_a opinion_n of_o the_o last_o will_n as_o of_o the_o most_o serious_a sincere_a and_o advise_v declaration_n of_o the_o most_o inward_a desire_n of_o a_o man_n which_o be_v the_o main_a thing_n look_v unto_o in_o all_o conveyance_n voluntas_fw-la donatoris_fw-la de_fw-la cetero_fw-la observetur_fw-la and_o therefore_o nothing_o be_v more_o ordinary_a then_o for_o king_n in_o these_o time_n as_o much_o as_o in_o they_o do_v lie_v to_o dispose_v of_o their_o crown_n by_o their_o last_o will._n 3._o m._n paris_n an._n 1216._o hoveden_n an._n 1199._o malmsb._n nov_n l._n 1._o malmsb._n l._n 3._o thus_o king_n john_n appoint_v henry_n the_o three_o his_o successor_n and_o richard_n the_o first_o devise_v the_o crown_n to_o king_n john_n and_z henry_n the_o first_o give_v all_o his_o land_n to_o his_o daughter_n and_o william_n the_o conqueror_n by_o his_o last_o will_n give_v normandy_n to_o robert_n england_n to_o william_n and_o to_o henry_n his_o mother_n land_n if_o then_o thing_n of_o great_a moment_n under_o heaven_n be_v ordinary_o dispose_v by_o the_o last_o will_n be_v it_o then_o probable_a that_o the_o small_a free_a hold_n shall_v be_v of_o too_o high_a esteem_n to_o be_v credit_v to_o such_o conveyance_n i_o will_v not_o be_v mistake_v as_o if_o i_o think_v that_o crown_n and_o empire_n be_v at_o the_o disposal_n of_o the_o last_o will_n of_o the_o possessor_n nor_o do_v i_o think_v that_o either_o they_o be_v thus_o in_o this_o kingdom_n or_o that_o there_o be_v any_o reason_n that_o can_v patronize_v that_o opinion_n yet_o it_o will_v be_v apparent_a that_o king_n have_v no_o sleight_n conceit_n of_o the_o last_o will_n and_o know_v no_o such_o infirmity_n in_o that_o manner_n of_o conveyance_n as_o be_v pretend_v or_o else_o will_v they_o never_o have_v spend_v that_o little_a breath_n leave_v they_o in_o vain_a 5._o glanvil_n l._n 7._o cap._n 1_o &_o 5._o i_o have_v observe_v the_o word_n of_o glanvile_n concern_v this_o point_n and_o i_o can_v find_v that_o he_o positive_o deni_v all_o conveyance_n of_o land_n by_o will_n but_o only_o in_o case_n of_o disherison_n the_o ground_n whereof_o be_v because_o its_o contrary_a to_o the_o conveyance_n of_o the_o law_n and_o yet_o in_o that_o case_n also_o allow_v of_o a_o dispose_n power_n by_o consent_n of_o the_o heir_n which_o can_v never_o make_v good_a conveyance_n if_o the_o will_n in_o that_o case_n be_v absolute_o void_a and_o therefore_o his_o authority_n lie_v not_o in_o the_o way_n nor_o do_v the_o particular_a custom_n of_o place_n discountenance_v but_o rather_o advance_v this_o opinion_n for_o if_o devise_v of_o land_n be_v incident_a to_o the_o tenure_n in_o gavell_n kind_a and_o that_o so_o general_a in_o old_a time_n as_o also_o to_o the_o burgage_n tenor_n 61._o ll._n gulielm_n cap._n 61._o which_o be_v the_o rule_n of_o corporation_n and_o city_n vbi_fw-la leges_fw-la angliae_fw-la deperiri_fw-la non_fw-la possunt_fw-la nec_fw-la defraudari_fw-la nec_fw-la violari_fw-la how_o can_v it_o be_v say_v contrary_a to_o the_o common_a law_n and_o therefore_o those_o conveyance_n of_o land_n by_o last_o will_n that_o be_v in_o and_o after_o these_o time_n hold_v in_o use_n seem_v to_o i_o rather_o remnant_n of_o the_o more_o general_a custom_n waste_v by_o positive_a law_n then_o particular_a custom_n grow_v up_o against_o the_o common_a rule_n it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o clergy_n put_v a_o power_n into_o the_o pope_n to_o alter_v the_o law_n 587._o m._n paris_n an._n 1181._o hove_v an._n 1181._o decret_n alex._n pap_n hoveden_n foe_fw-mi 587._o as_o touch_v themselves_o in_o some_o case_n for_o roger_n archbishop_n of_o york_n procure_v a_o faculty_n from_o the_o pope_n to_o ordain_v that_o no_o ecclesiastical_a person_n will_v shall_v be_v good_a unless_o make_v in_o health_n and_o not_o lie_v in_o extremity_n and_o that_o in_o such_o case_n the_o archbishop_n shall_v possess_v himself_o of_o all_o such_o party_n good_n but_o as_o it_o last_v not_o long_o so_o be_v himself_o make_v a_o precedent_n in_o the_o case_n for_o be_v overtake_v with_o death_n ere_o he_o be_v provide_v he_o make_v his_o will_n in_o his_o sickness_n and_o henry_n the_o second_o possess_v himself_o of_o his_o estate_n and_o it_o be_v as_o true_a that_o femme_fw-fr covert_n in_o these_o day_n can_v make_v no_o will_n of_o their_o reasonable_a part_n 16._o glanv_n l._n 7._o cap._n 5_o &_o 16._o because_o by_o the_o saxon_a law_n it_o belong_v joint_o to_o the_o child_n nor_o can_v usurer_n continue_v in_o that_o course_n at_o the_o time_n of_o their_o death_n make_v their_o will_n because_o their_o personal_a estate_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n after_o their_o death_n and_o their_o land_n to_o their_o lord_n by_o escheat_n although_o before_o death_n they_o lie_v open_a to_o no_o censure_n of_o law_n but_o this_o be_v by_o a_o especial_a law_n make_v since_o the_o conqueror_n time_n for_o by_o the_o saxon_a law_n they_o be_v repute_v as_o outlaw_n nevertheless_o all_o these_o do_v but_o strengthen_v the_o general_a rule_n 37._o ll._n edw._n 37._o viz._n that_o regular_o the_o last_o will_n be_v hold_v in_o the_o general_a a_o good_a conveyance_n in_o law_n if_o the_o will_n be_v only_o intend_v and_o not_o perfect_v or_o no_o will_n be_v make_v than_o the_o land_n pass_v by_o descent_n and_o the_o good_n hold_v course_n according_a to_o the_o saxon_a law_n 8._o glanv_n l._n 7._o c._n 6._o cap._n 8._o viz._n the_o next_o kinsman_n and_o friend_n of_o the_o intestate_a do_v administer_v and_o as_o administrator_n they_o may_v sue_v by_o writ_n out_o of_o the_o king_n court_n although_o the_o clergy_n have_v now_o obtain_v so_o much_o power_n as_o for_o the_o recovery_n of_o a_o legacy_n or_o for_o the_o determine_n
common_a law_n and_o king_n prerogative_n will_v agree_v thereto_o the_o complaint_n be_v of_o this_o nature_n 1._o that_o the_o church-possession_n in_o their_o vacance_n be_v waste_v and_o that_o escheator_n do_v not_o only_o seize_v the_o personal_a estate_n of_o the_o abbot_n or_o prior_n decease_v but_o such_o corn_n in_o the_o barn_n and_o other_o good_n belong_v to_o the_o house_n for_o their_o maintenance_n as_o also_o the_o profit_n of_o church_n impropriate_a 2._o 2._o 3_o &_o 4_o &_o 5._o election_n be_v either_o disturb_v by_o the_o king_n letter_n praecede_v or_o by_o delay_n of_o the_o royal_a assent_n subsequent_a the_o say_a election_n 6._o the_o lay_v power_n without_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o clergy_n do_v put_v in_o eject_v or_o restore_v incumbent_n to_o benefice_n void_a 7._o prelate_n be_v summon_v to_o answer_v to_o the_o lay_v power_n in_o the_o writ_n quare_fw-la excommunicavit_fw-la and_o quare_fw-la non_fw-la admisit_fw-la 8._o clerk_n be_v distrain_v in_o their_o lie_v fee_n to_o answer_v before_o the_o lay_v power_n in_o action_n of_o debt_n trespass_n or_o other_o personal_a action_n and_o in_o case_n they_o have_v no_o lay_v fee_n the_o ordinary_a be_v distrain_v by_o his_o barony_n to_o cause_v the_o clerk_n to_o appear_v 9_o the_o laity_n be_v forbid_v to_o take_v oath_n or_o to_o inform_v upon_o oath_n before_o the_o prelate_n and_o to_o obey_v prelate_n command_n in_o such_o case_n 10._o person_n take_v and_o imprison_v upon_o excommunication_n be_v ordinary_o dismiss_v without_o satisfaction_n unto_o the_o prelate_n and_o sometime_o be_v not_o take_v by_o the_o sheriff_n 13._o 11._o 12._o &_o 33._o 13._o notwithstanding_o the_o king_n writ_n and_o as_o well_o the_o king_n as_o his_o officer_n do_v ordinary_o communicate_v with_o such_o as_o be_v excommunicate_v and_o likewise_o command_v other_o to_o communicate_v with_o they_o 14._o clerk_n imprison_v for_o felony_n be_v refuse_v to_o be_v deliver_v to_o the_o ordinary_a unless_o upon_o security_n to_o appear_v before_o the_o justice_n in_o oyer_n 15._o 15._o and_o sometime_o be_v hang_v before_o their_o ordinary_n can_v demand_v they_o and_o sometime_o their_o head_n be_v all_o shave_a that_o they_o may_v not_o appear_v to_o be_v clerk_n 16._o justice_n itinerant_a do_v imprison_v clerk_n defame_v for_o felony_n or_o otherwise_o outlaw_n they_o if_o they_o do_v not_o appear_v and_o otherwise_o proceed_v against_o clerk_n after_o their_o purgation_n before_o the_o ordinary_a 17._o 17._o 18._o the_o lay_v power_n seize_v upon_o the_o estate_n of_o clerk_n degrade_v for_o crime_n 19_o clergy_n be_v compel_v to_o answer_v and_o give_v satisfaction_n for_o offence_n against_o the_o forest_n law_n 20._o 20._o before_o the_o lay_v power_n and_o in_o case_n of_o default_n the_o bishop_n by_o distress_n be_v compel_v to_o order_n satisfaction_n 21._o 21._o as_o well_o in_o such_o case_n as_o in_o person_n all_o action_n 22._o privilege_n of_o sanctuary_n be_v invade_v by_o force_n 23._o executor_n of_o bishop_n be_v hinder_v from_o administer_a the_o estate_n without_o licence_n first_o obtain_v from_o the_o king_n 24._o the_o king_n tenant_n good_n be_v seize_v after_o their_o decease_n by_o the_o king_n bailiff_n 25._o intestates_fw-la good_n be_v seize_v by_o their_o lord_n and_o their_o ordinary_a hinder_v from_o administration_n 26._o the_o king_n prohibition_n pass_v in_o case_n of_o tithe_n and_o chapel_n 27._o the_o like_a in_o case_n of_o trothplight_n perjury_n cerage_n heriet_fw-la or_o other_o church_n duty_n as_o money_n for_o reparation_n of_o church_n and_o fence_n in_o churchyard_n 28._o 28._o pecuniary_a punishment_n for_o adultery_n 29._o 40._o 29._o and_o cost_n of_o suit_n in_o ecclesiastical_a court_n sacrilege_n excommunication_n for_o breach_n of_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o church_n contrary_a to_o the_o grand_a charter_n 30._o in_o case_n of_o prohibition_n if_o the_o ecclesiastical_a judge_n proceed_v contrary_a to_o the_o same_o he_o be_v attach_v and_o compel_v to_o show_v his_o act_n in_o court_n if_o the_o lay_v judge_n determine_v the_o cause_n to_o be_v temporal_a the_o ecclesiastical_a judge_n be_v amerce_v if_o he_o proceed_v against_o the_o prohibition_n and_o it_o be_v try_v by_o witness_n of_o two_o ribauld_n and_o in_o case_n it_o be_v find_v for_o the_o ecclesiastical_a judge_n cognisance_n 31._o 31._o yet_o there_o be_v no_o cost_n allow_v for_o such_o vexation_n 32._o that_o jew_n in_o matter_n ecclesiastical_a aforesaid_a be_v by_o the_o king_n prohibition_n draw_v from_o the_o ecclesiastical_a judge_n unto_o the_o lay_v magistrate_n 34._o question_v about_o land_n give_v in_o frankalmoine_n be_v try_v in_o the_o lay_v court_n 38._o 35._o 36._o 37._o 38._o and_o by_o reason_n of_o such_o tenure_n the_o owner_n though_o clergy_n man_n be_v compel_v to_o do_v suit_n at_o the_o lay_v court_n and_o be_v charge_v with_o imposition_n and_o be_v distrain_v hereunto_o although_o the_o lord_n have_v other_o land_n of_o the_o donor_n in_o frankallmoine_n subject_a to_o his_o distress_n 39_o prelate_n summon_v to_o high_a court_n be_v not_o allow_v to_o make_v attorney_n to_o appear_v for_o they_o in_o the_o inferior_a civil_a court_n 41._o grantee_n of_o murage_n or_o other_o unwonted_a imposition_n compel_v the_o churchman_n to_o pay_v the_o same_o 42_o &_o 43._o the_o clergy_n be_v charge_v with_o quarter_n cart-service_n and_o purvey_v 44._o the_o chancery_n send_v out_o new_a writ_n contrary_a to_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o church_n and_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n without_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n prince_n and_o prelate_n 45._o the_o king_n do_v compel_v the_o clergy_n to_o benevolence_n to_o the_o king_n at_o his_o voyage_n into_o foreign_a part_n 46._o amercement_n grant_v to_o clergy_n man_n be_v turn_v into_o fine_n by_o the_o justice_n and_o by_o they_o take_v 47._o clergy_n man_n be_v fine_v for_o want_n of_o appearance_n before_o the_o justice_n itinerant_a and_o of_o the_o forest_n upon_o common_a summons_n 48._o quo_fw-la warrantoe_n grant_v against_o the_o clergy_n for_o their_o liberty_n and_o the_o same_o seize_v unless_o they_o be_v set_v down_o in_o express_a word_n in_o their_o charter_n 50._o 49._o 50._o notwithstanding_o that_o by_o long_a custom_n they_o have_v enjoy_v the_o same_o and_o many_o time_n contrary_a to_o express_v grant_n this_o be_v the_o sum_n of_o their_o paper_n of_o grievance_n and_o because_o they_o find_v the_o king_n either_o wilful_a or_o unconstant_a they_o resolve_v upon_o a_o remedy_n of_o their_o own_o by_o excommunication_n and_o interdiction_n not_o spare_v the_o person_n of_o any_o principal_a or_o accessary_n nor_o their_o land_n no_o not_o of_o the_o king_n himself_o and_o for_o this_o they_o join_v all_o as_o one_o man_n now_o what_o scare_v this_o make_v i_o know_v not_o but_o henry_n the_o three_o in_o the_o stat._n of_o marlb_n and_o edward_n the_o first_o in_o his_o stat._n at_o westminster_n and_o other_o satatute_n the_o first_o speak_v fair_a and_o seem_v to_o redress_v some_o of_o these_o complaint_n as_o also_o do_v edward_n the_o second_o and_o yet_o the_o common_a law_n lose_v little_a ground_n thereby_o that_o which_o henry_n the_o three_o do_v beside_o his_o promise_n of_o reform_v be_v do_v in_o the_o stat._n of_o marlbridge_n the_o successor_n of_o abbat_n prior_n and_o prelate_n 29._o marlbr_n c._n 29._o etc._n etc._n shall_v have_v a_o action_n of_o trespass_n for_o trespass_n do_v nigh_o before_o the_o death_n of_o their_o predecessor_n upon_o the_o estate_n of_o their_o corporation_n and_o shall_v prosecute_v a_o action_n begin_v by_o their_o predecessor_n and_o also_o shall_v have_v a_o assize_n against_o intruder_n into_o any_o of_o the_o possession_n belong_v to_o the_o say_a corporation_n whereof_o their_o predecessor_n die_v seize_v this_o may_v seem_v a_o remedy_n provide_v against_o the_o first_o malady_n complain_v of_o and_o questionless_a bind_v all_o but_o the_o king_n and_o so_o may_v perchance_o abate_v somewhat_o the_o edge_n of_o that_o article_n but_o it_o be_v the_o clergy_n reach_v to_o grow_v rich_a and_o the_o pope_n cunning_a to_o help_v on_o that_o work_n that_o they_o may_v be_v as_o store_v for_o supply_v of_o his_o treasury_n and_o have_v forbid_a abbat_n and_o other_o prelate_n etc._n etc._n the_o liberty_n of_o dispose_v their_o estate_n by_o last_o will._n king_n therefore_o as_o supreme_a patron_n to_o these_o body_n in_o their_o vacance_n use_v to_o seize_v all_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o prelate_n with_o the_o temporalty_n to_o their_o own_o use_n as_o well_o to_o preserve_v the_o riches_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o itself_o and_o the_o possession_n of_o such_o corporation_n from_o spoil_n as_o to_o be_v a_o cloak_n of_o their_o own_o covetousness_n and_o under_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o prelate_n or_o head_n of_o these_o corporation_n all_o the_o
sell_v delay_v or_o deny_v it_o be_v a_o comprehensive_a law_n and_o make_v up_o of_o many_o saxon_a law_n or_o rather_o a_o enforcement_n of_o all_o law_n and_o a_o remedy_n against_o oppression_n past_a present_a and_o to_o come_v and_o concern_v first_o the_o person_n than_o his_o livelihood_n as_o touch_v the_o person_n his_o life_n and_o his_o liberty_n his_o life_n shall_v be_v under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o law_n and_o his_o liberty_n likewise_o so_o as_o he_o shall_v be_v shut_v into_o no_o place_n by_o imprisonment_n nor_o out_o of_o any_o place_n by_o banishment_n but_o shall_v have_v liberty_n of_o ingress_n and_o egress_n his_o estate_n both_o real_a and_o personal_a shall_v also_o be_v under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o law_n and_o the_o law_n also_o shall_v be_v free_a neither_o deny_v nor_o delay_v i_o think_v it_o needless_a to_o show_v how_o this_o be_v no_o new_a law_n but_o a_o confirmation_n of_o the_o old_a and_o reparation_n add_v thereto_o be_v much_o impair_v by_o stormy_a time_n for_o the_o sum_n of_o all_o the_o forego_n discourse_n tend_v thereto_o 32._o cap._n 32._o merchant_n shall_v have_v free_a and_o safe_a passage_n and_o trade_n without_o unjust_a tax_n as_o by_o ancient_a custom_n they_o ought_v in_o time_n of_o war_n such_o as_o be_v of_o the_o enemy_n country_n shall_v be_v secure_v till_o it_o appear_v how_o the_o english_a merchant_n be_v use_v in_o their_o country_n that_o this_o be_v a_o ancient_a law_n the_o word_n thereof_o show_v beside_o what_o may_v be_v observe_v out_o of_o the_o law_n of_o aetheldred_n and_o other_o saxon_a law_n so_o as_o it_o appear_v that_o not_o only_o the_o english_a free_a man_n and_o native_n have_v their_o liberty_n assert_v by_o the_o law_n but_o also_o foreigner_n if_o merchant_n have_v the_o like_a liberty_n for_o their_o person_n and_o good_n concern_v trade_n and_o maintenance_n of_o the_o same_o and_o be_v hereby_o enable_v to_o enjoy_v their_o own_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o law_n as_o the_o free_a man_n have_v and_o unto_o this_o law_n the_o charter_n of_o king_n john_n add_v this_o ensue_a it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a for_o every_o free_a man_n to_o pass_v free_o to_o and_o from_o this_o kingdom_n save_v fealty_n to_o the_o king_n unless_o in_o time_n of_o war_n and_o then_o also_o for_o a_o short_a space_n as_o may_v be_v for_o the_o common_a good_a except_v prisoner_n outlaws_z and_o those_o countryman_n that_o be_v in_o enmity_n and_o merchant_n who_o shall_v be_v deal_v with_o as_o aforesaid_a and_o it_o seem_v that_o this_o law_n of_o free_a passage_n out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v not_o ancient_o fundamental_a but_o only_o ground_v upon_o reason_n of_o state_n although_o the_o free_a man_n have_v liberty_n of_o free_a passage_n within_o the_o kingdom_n according_a to_o that_o original_a law_n sit_fw-la pax_fw-la publica_fw-la per_fw-la commune_v vias_fw-la and_o for_o that_o cause_n as_o i_o suppose_v it_o be_v whole_o omit_v in_o the_o charter_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o as_o be_v also_o another_o law_n concern_v the_o jew_n which_o because_o it_o leave_v a_o influence_n behind_o it_o after_o the_o jew_n be_v extinct_a in_o this_o nation_n and_o which_o continue_v even_o unto_o this_o day_n i_o shall_v incert_v it_o in_o this_o short_a sum_n after_o death_n of_o the_o jew_n debtor_n no_o usury_n shall_v be_v pay_v during_o the_o minority_n of_o the_o heir_n though_o the_o debt_n shall_v come_v into_o the_o king_n hand_n and_o the_o debt_n shall_v be_v pay_v save_v to_o the_o wife_n her_o dower_n and_o maintenance_n for_o the_o child_n according_a to_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o debtor_n land_n and_o save_v the_o lord_n service_n and_o in_o like_a manner_n of_o debt_n to_o other_o the_o whole_a doctrine_n of_o usury_n fall_v under_o the_o title_n of_o jew_n for_o it_o seem_v it_o be_v their_o trade_n and_o their_o proper_a trade_n hitherto_o 299._o council_n brit._n 299._o it_o be_v first_o that_o i_o meet_v with_o forbid_a at_o a_o legatine_n council_n nigh_o 300_o year_n before_o the_o norman_n time_n but_o by_o the_o confessor_n law_n it_o be_v make_v penal_a to_o christian_n to_o the_o forfeiture_n of_o estate_n and_o banish_v and_o therefore_o the_o jew_n and_o all_o their_o substance_n be_v hold_v to_o be_v in_o nature_n of_o the_o king_n villain_n as_o touch_v their_o estate_n 16._o ibid._n 623._o glanvil_n lib._n 7._o cap._n 16._o for_o they_o can_v get_v nothing_o but_o be_v at_o his_o mercy_n and_o king_n do_v suffer_v they_o to_o continue_v this_o trade_n for_o their_o own_o benefit_n yet_o they_o do_v regulate_v it_o as_o touch_v infant_n as_o by_o this_o law_n of_o king_n john_n and_o the_o statute_n at_o merton_n do_v appear_v 1._o m._n paris_n an._n 1229._o merton_n cap._n 5._o stat._n de_fw-fr judais_n a_o 18_o e._n 1._o but_o henry_n the_o three_o do_v not_o put_v it_o into_o his_o charter_n as_o i_o think_v because_o it_o be_v no_o liberty_n of_o the_o subject_n but_o rather_o a_o prejudice_n thereto_o and_o therefore_o edward_n the_o first_o whole_o take_v it_o away_o by_o a_o statute_n make_v in_o his_o time_n and_o thereby_o abolish_v the_o jew_n tenant_n land_n hold_v of_o land_n escheat_v to_o the_o king_n shall_v hold_v by_o the_o same_o service_n as_o former_o 33._o cap._n 33._o 34._o cap._n 34._o in_o all_o alienation_n of_o land_n sufficient_a shall_v be_v leave_v for_o the_o lord_n distress_n 7._o prerog_n reg._n cap._n 7._o submit_v to_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o learned_a i_o conceive_v that_o as_o well_o in_o the_o saxon_a time_n as_o until_o this_o law_n any_o tenant_n may_v alien_n only_a part_n of_o his_o land_n and_o reserve_v the_o service_n to_o the_o alienor_fw-la because_o he_o can_v not_o reserve_v service_n upon_o such_o alienation_n unto_o the_o lord_n paramount_n other_o than_o be_v former_o due_a to_o he_o without_o the_o lord_n consent_n and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n can_v they_o not_o alien_a the_o whole_a tenancy_n to_o bind_v the_o lord_n without_o his_o express_a licence_n save_v the_o opinion_n in_o the_o book_n of_o assize_n 17._o 20_o ass_n pl._n 17._o because_o no_o tenant_n can_v be_v enforce_v upon_o any_o lord_n lest_o he_o may_v be_v his_o enemy_n nevertheless_o it_o seem_v that_o de_fw-fr facto_fw-la tenant_n do_v usual_o alien_a their_o whole_a tenancy_n and_o although_o they_o can_v not_o thereby_o bar_v the_o lord_n right_a yet_o because_o the_o lord_n can_v not_o in_o such_o case_n have_v the_o distress_n of_o his_o own_o tenant_n this_o law_n save_v so_o much_o from_o alienation_n as_o may_v serve_v for_o security_n of_o the_o lord_n distress_n but_o tenant_n be_v not_o thus_o satisfy_v the_o lord_n will_v not_o part_v with_o their_o tenant_n although_o the_o tenant_n necessity_n be_v never_o so_o urgent_a upon_o they_o to_o sell_v their_o land_n and_o therefore_o at_o length_n they_o prevail_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o quia_fw-la emptores_fw-la to_o have_v power_n to_o sell_v all_o 1._o 18_o edw._n 1._o westm_n 3._o ca._n 1._o save_v to_o the_o lord_n their_o service_n former_o due_a and_o thus_o the_o lord_n be_v necessitate_v to_o grant_v licence_n of_o alienation_n to_o such_o as_o the_o tenant_n can_v provide_v to_o buy_v their_o land_n nor_o be_v this_o so_o prejudicial_a to_o the_o lord_n in_o those_o day_n when_o the_o public_a quiet_n be_v settle_v as_o it_o will_v have_v be_v in_o former_a time_n of_o war_n when_o as_o the_o lord_n right_o be_v maintain_v more_o by_o might_n and_o the_o aid_n of_o his_o tenant_n then_o by_o law_n which_o then_o be_v of_o little_a power_n 35._o cap._n 35._o the_o 35_o chapter_n i_o have_v former_o mention_v in_o the_o chapter_n concern_v the_o clergy_n 36._o cap._n 36._o no_o man_n shall_v be_v appeal_v by_o a_o woman_n for_o the_o death_n of_o any_o but_o her_o own_o husband_n the_o right_a of_o appeal_n be_v ground_v upon_o the_o great_a interest_n now_o because_o the_o wife_n interest_n seem_v whole_o to_o be_v swallow_v up_o in_o her_o husband_n therefore_o she_o shall_v have_v a_o appeal_n of_o the_o death_n of_o he_o only_o and_o such_o also_o be_v the_o law_n in_o glanvil_n time_n how_o far_o this_o point_n of_o interest_n shall_v extend_v to_o the_o degree_n of_o consanguinity_n the_o norman_a law_n former_o have_v show_v and_o against_o who_o appeal_n do_v lie_v the_o statute_n at_o westminster_n tell_v we_o viz._n not_o only_o against_o the_o principal_a 14_o west_n 1._o cap._n 14_o but_o also_o against_o accessory_n yet_o not_o against_o they_o till_o the_o principal_n be_v attaint_v and_o because_o it_o be_v ordinary_a for_o man_n of_o nought_o to_o appeal_v other_o in_o a_o malicious_a way_n 13_o westm_n 2._o ca._n 13_o it_o be_v by_o another_o law_n establish_v
there_o as_o may_v appear_v in_o the_o several_a relation_n thereof_o make_v by_o matthew_n westminster_n and_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n a_o author_n that_o he_o make_v much_o use_n of_o and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v be_v bold_a to_o make_v the_o best_a use_n of_o he_o that_o i_o can_v likewise_o in_o vindicate_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o point_n in_o hand_n for_o whatever_o this_o council_n be_v it_o be_v the_o less_o material_a see_v the_o same_o author_n recite_v a_o precedent_n of_o king_n aethelbert_n within_o six_o year_n after_o augustine_n entry_n into_o this_o island_n which_o be_v long_o before_o this_o council_n which_o bring_v on_o the_o vann_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o opponent_n instance_n which_o king_n call_v a_o council_n style_v commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la tam_fw-la cleri_fw-la quam_fw-la populi_n 126._o pag._n 126._o and_o in_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o same_o a_o law_n be_v make_v upon_o the_o like_a occasion_n si_fw-mi rex_fw-la populum_fw-la convocaverit_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o both_o which_o its_o evident_a that_o in_o those_o time_n there_o be_v council_n hold_v by_o the_o people_n as_o well_o as_o the_o magnate_v or_o optimates_fw-la his_o next_o instance_n be_v in_o the_o year_n 694._o which_o be_v of_o a_o council_n hold_v by_o the_o great_a man_n but_o no_o mention_n of_o the_o commons_o and_o this_o he_o will_v have_v to_o be_v a_o parliament_n albeit_o that_o he_o may_v have_v find_v both_o abbatess_n or_o woman_n and_o presbyter_n to_o be_v member_n of_o that_o assembly_n and_o for_o default_n of_o better_a attest_v the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o same_o notwithstanding_o the_o canon_n nemo_fw-la militans_fw-la deo_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o i_o must_v also_o mind_v he_o that_o the_o same_o author_n recite_v a_o council_n hold_v by_o king_n ina_n suasu_fw-la omnium_fw-la aldermannorum_fw-la &_o seniorum_fw-la &_o sapientum_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o all_o the_o wise_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v not_o conclude_v within_o the_o lordly_a dignity_n the_o three_o instance_n can_v have_v no_o better_a success_n unless_o he_o will_v have_v the_o pope_n to_o be_v allow_v power_n to_o call_v a_o parliament_n or_o allow_v the_o archbishop_n power_n to_o do_v that_o service_n by_o the_o pope_n command_n for_o by_o that_o authority_n this_o what_o ever_o it_o be_v be_v call_v if_o we_o give_v credit_n to_o the_o relation_n of_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n who_o also_o recite_v another_o council_n within_o three_o leaf_n forego_v this_o 212._o council_n britt_n pag._n 212._o call_v by_o wither_a at_o barkhamstead_n unto_o which_o the_o clergy_n be_v summon_v qui_fw-la cum_fw-la viris_fw-la utique_fw-la militaribus_fw-la communi_fw-la omnium_fw-la assensu_fw-la have_v leges_fw-la decrevere_fw-la so_o as_o it_o seem_v in_o those_o time_n 194._o ibid._n pa._n 194._o soldier_n or_o knight_n be_v in_o the_o common_a counsel_n as_o well_o as_o other_o great_a men._n in_o the_o next_o place_n he_o bring_v in_o a_o council_n hold_v in_o the_o year_n 747._o 245._o ibid._n pa._n 242._o 245._o which_o if_o the_o archbishop_n be_v then_o therein_o precedent_n as_o it_o be_v say_v in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o king_n be_v no_o parliament_n but_o a_o church-mote_n and_o all_o the_o conclusion_n in_o the_o same_o do_v testify_v no_o less_o they_o be_v every_o one_o concern_v ecclesiastical_a matter_n 219._o pag._n 219._o and_o furthermore_o before_o this_o time_n the_o author_n out_o of_o who_o he_o cit_v this_o council_n mention_v another_o council_n hold_v by_o ina_n the_o saxon_a king_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o bishop_n prince_n lord_n earl_n and_o all_o the_o wise_a old_a man_n and_o people_n of_o the_o kingdom_n all_o of_o they_o conclude_v of_o the_o intermarriage_n between_o the_o briton_n pict_n and_o saxon_n which_o former_o as_o it_o seem_v be_v not_o allow_v and_o the_o same_o king_n by_o his_o charter_n mention_v by_o the_o same_o penman_n note_v that_o his_o endowment_n of_o the_o monastery_n of_o glastenbury_n be_v make_v not_o only_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o great_a man_n but_z cum_fw-la praesentia_fw-la populationis_fw-la and_o he_o say_v that_o omnes_fw-la confirmaverunt_fw-la which_o i_o do_v not_o mention_v as_o a_o work_n necessary_a to_o be_v do_v by_o the_o parliament_n yet_o such_o a_o one_o as_o be_v hold_v expedient_a as_o the_o case_n then_o stand_v forty_o year_n after_o he_o meet_v with_o another_o council_n which_o he_o suppose_v to_o be_v a_o parliament_n also_o but_o be_v none_o unless_o he_o will_v allow_v the_o pope_n legate_n power_n to_o summon_v a_o parliament_n it_o be_v hold_v in_o the_o year_n 787._o and_o have_v he_o due_o consider_v the_o return_n make_v by_o the_o pope_n legate_n of_o the_o act_n of_o that_o council_n 300._o pag._n 300._o which_o be_v also_o publish_v by_o the_o same_o author_n he_o may_v have_v find_v that_o the_o legate_n say_v that_o they_o be_v propound_v in_o public_a council_n before_o the_o king_n archbishop_n and_o all_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n of_o the_o kingdom_n senator_n duke_n or_o captain_n and_o people_n of_o the_o land_n and_o they_o all_o consent_v to_o keep_v the_o same_o then_o he_o bring_v in_o a_o council_n hold_v in_o the_o year_n 793._o which_o he_o will_v never_o have_v set_v down_o in_o the_o list_n of_o parliament_n if_o he_o have_v consider_v how_o improper_a it_o be_v to_o construe_v provinciale_a tenuit_fw-la concilium_fw-la for_o a_o parliament_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v need_v no_o further_o to_o trouble_v the_o reader_n therewith_o the_o two_o next_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v but_o one_o and_o the_o same_o and_o it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v hold_v anno_fw-la 974._o before_o nine_o king_n fifteen_o bishop_n twenty_o duke_n etc._n etc._n which_o for_o aught_o appear_v may_v comprehend_v all_o england_n and_o scotland_n and_o be_v no_o parliament_n of_o one_o nation_n but_o a_o party_n of_o many_o nation_n for_o some_o great_a matter_n no_o doubt_n yet_o nothing_o in_o particular_a mention_v but_o the_o solemn_a lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o the_o monastery_n of_o saint-albans_n what_o manner_n of_o council_n the_o next_o be_v appear_v not_o and_o therefore_o nothing_o can_v be_v conclude_v therefrom_o but_o that_o it_o be_v hold_v in_o the_o year_n 796._o that_o council_n which_o be_v next_o produce_v be_v in_o the_o year_n 800._o and_o be_v call_v in_o great_a letter_n concilium_fw-la provinciale_a which_o he_o can_v gramatical_o construe_v to_o be_v a_o parliament_n yet_o in_o the_o preface_n it_o be_v say_v that_o there_o be_v viri_fw-la cujuscunque_fw-la dignitatis_fw-la and_o the_o king_n in_o his_o letter_n to_o the_o pope_n say_v concern_v it_o 321._o pag._n 321._o visum_fw-la est_fw-la cunctis_fw-la gentis_fw-la nostrae_fw-la sapientibus_fw-la so_o as_o it_o seem_v by_o this_o and_o other_o example_n of_o this_o nature_n that_o though_o the_o church-mote_n invent_v the_o particular_a conclusion_n yet_o it_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o witagen-mote_n to_o judge_n and_o conclude_v they_o there_o can_v be_v no_o question_n but_o the_o next_o three_o precedent_n bring_v by_o the_o opponent_n be_v all_o of_o they_o church-mote_n 328._o council_n brit._n pag._n 328._o for_o the_o first_o of_o they_o which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v hold_v in_o the_o year_n 816._o be_v call_v a_o synod_n and_o both_o priest_n and_o deacon_n be_v there_o present_a which_o be_v no_o member_n of_o parliament_n consist_v only_o of_o the_o house_n of_o lord_n and_o they_o all_o of_o they_o do_v pariter_fw-la tractare_fw-la de_fw-la necessarijs_fw-la &_o utilitatibus_fw-la ecclesiarum_fw-la the_o second_o of_o they_o be_v call_v a_o synodall_n council_n hold_v anno_fw-la 822._o and_o yet_o there_o be_v then_o present_a omnium_fw-la dignitatum_fw-la optimates_fw-la which_o can_v be_v understand_v only_o of_o those_o of_o the_o house_n of_o lord_n because_o they_o ought_v all_o to_o be_v personal_o present_a and_o therefore_o there_o be_v no_o optimacy_n among_o they_o the_o last_o of_o these_o three_o be_v call_v synodale_n conciliabulum_fw-la a_o petty_a synod_n in_o great_a letter_n 334._o council_n brit._n pag._n 334._o and_o beside_o there_o be_v with_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n many_o wise_a man_n and_o in_o all_o these_o respect_v it_o can_v be_v a_o parliament_n only_o of_o the_o great_a lord_n the_o next_o council_n say_v to_o be_v hold_v in_o the_o year_n 823._o not_o also_o be_v call_v proper_o a_o parliament_n but_o only_o a_o consultation_n between_o two_o king_n and_o their_o council_n to_o prevent_v the_o invasion_n of_o the_o dane_n and_o the_o atte_v of_o the_o king_n chapplain_v and_o his_o scribe_n do_v show_v also_o that_o they_o be_v not_o all_o member_n of_o the_o house_n of_o lord_n the_o council_n cite_v by_o the_o opponent_n in_o the_o next_o place_n be_v hold_v a_o 838._o be_v only_o in_o nature_n of_o a_o council_n for_o law_n or_o
a_o sufficient_a seal_n to_o all_o weight_n and_o measure_n which_o they_o commit_v to_o some_o clerk_n who_o they_o trust_v and_o at_o this_o day_n though_o a_o lay-person_n bear_v title_n of_o clerk_n of_o the_o market_n and_o although_o ancient_o they_o may_v not_o interest_n secularibus_fw-la yet_o afterward_o it_o become_v a_o part_n of_o their_o office_n to_o assist_v judge_n in_o secular_a cause_n to_o see_v that_o justice_n be_v not_o wrong_v and_o have_v the_o sole_a cognisance_n of_o all_o cause_n criminal_a belong_v to_o the_o clergy_n their_o tenant_n or_o servant_n and_o in_o their_o synod_n their_o power_n reach_v to_o such_o crime_n of_o layman_n as_o come_v within_o the_o savour_n of_o the_o canon_n though_o it_o be_v but_o in_o the_o cold_a send_v as_o the_o law_n of_o athelstane_n and_o other_o his_o successor_n sufficien_o set_v forth_o and_o thus_o dress_v up_o let_v they_o stand_v aside_o that_o room_n may_v be_v make_v for_o their_o train_n chap._n ix_o of_o the_o saxon_a presbyter_n these_o follow_v their_o lord_n the_o bishop_n as_o fast_o as_o they_o can_v hunt_v 576._o council_n brit._n p._n 576._o for_o be_v of_o the_o same_o order_n as_o the_o less_o proud_a time_n acknowledge_v they_o will_v not_o be_v under_o foot_n and_o the_o other_o above_o the_o top_n true_a it_o be_v that_o the_o bishop_n load_v they_o with_o canon_n and_o keep_v they_o under_o by_o hard_a work_n under_o the_o trick_n of_o canonical_a obedience_n yet_o it_o be_v no_o part_n of_o their_o meaning_n to_o suffer_v they_o to_o become_v vile_a in_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o laity_n for_o they_o know_v well_o enough_o that_o the_o presbyter_n must_v be_v their_o bridle_n to_o lead_v and_o curb_v the_o people_n and_o their_o eye_n to_o see_v whether_o the_o wind_n from_o below_o blow_v fair_a or_o foul_a for_o they_o who_o conscience_n already_o tell_v they_o that_o they_o merit_v not_o much_o favour_n from_o the_o people_n they_o see_v it_o therefore_o necessary_a to_o enhance_v the_o price_n of_o a_o presbyter_n somewhat_o within_o the_o alloy_n of_o a_o bishop_n to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o presbytery_n may_v not_o be_v too_o like_o the_o babylonian_a image_n who_o head_n be_v gold_n and_o foot_n of_o iron_n and_o day_n a_o presbyter_n therefore_o they_o will_v have_v to_o be_v of_o equal_a repute_n with_o a_o baron_n 9_o council_n brit._n p._n 448._o will_v ethelst_n 13._o ibid._n 406._o council_n brir_fw-fr p._n 273._o l._n aethel_n c._n 2._o ll._n canut_n c._n 12._o mag._n cent_n 8._o cap._n 9_o and_o his_o person_n shall_v be_v in_o repute_n so_o sacred_a as_o that_o all_o wrong_n do_v thereunto_o must_v be_v double_o punish_v with_o satisfaction_n to_o the_o party_n and_o to_o the_o church_n his_o credit_n or_o fame_n must_v not_o be_v touch_v by_o lay-testimony_n nor_o be_v he_o to_o be_v judge_v by_o any_o secular_a power_n but_o to_o be_v honour_v as_o a_o angel_n such_o be_v these_o instrument_n of_o the_o bishop_n government_n and_o these_o be_v put_v as_o a_o glass_n between_o the_o bishop_n and_o people_n and_o can_v represent_v the_o people_n to_o the_o bishop_n black_a or_o white_a and_o the_o bishop_n to_o they_o in_o like_a manner_n as_o they_o please_v and_o so_o under_o fear_n of_o the_o bishop_n curse_v keep_v the_o people_n in_o awe_n to_o themselves_o and_o it_o chap._n x._o of_o other_o inferior_a church-officer_n among_o the_o saxon_n they_o have_v other_o inferior_a degree_n of_o the_o clergy_n which_o because_o they_o be_v mere_o subservient_fw-fr and_o not_o considerable_a in_o church-government_n i_o shall_v only_o touch_v upon_o they_o the_o first_o be_v call_v deacon_n deacon_n deacon_n which_o be_v attend_v upon_o the_o presbyter_n to_o bring_v the_o offering_n to_o the_o altar_n to_o read_v the_o gospel_n to_o baptize_v and_o administer_v the_o lord_n supper_n then_o follow_v the_o subdeacons_n who_o use_v to_o attend_v the_o deacon_n with_o consecrate_a vessel_n deacon_n sub._n deacon_n and_o other_o necessary_n for_o the_o administer_a of_o the_o sacrament_n acolites_n acolites_n next_o these_o acolites_n which_o wait_v with_o the_o taper_n ready_a light_v while_o the_o gospel_n be_v read_v and_o the_o sacrament_n consecrate_v then_o exorcist_n exorcist_n exorcist_n that_o serve_v to_o dispossess_v such_o as_o be_v possess_v by_o the_o devil_n a_o office_n as_o it_o may_v seem_v of_o little_a use_n lecturer_n council_n brit._n p._n 54._o lecturer_n yet_o very_o ancient_a for_o they_o be_v find_v at_o the_o synod_n at_o arles_n which_o be_v within_o three_o hundred_o year_n after_o christ_n death_n lecturer_n come_v next_o who_o serve_v to_o read_v and_o expound_v and_o these_o be_v of_o use_n when_o church_n begin_v to_o multiply_v and_o presbyter_n grow_v idle_a last_o ostiaries_n ostiaries_n ostiaries_n which_o use_v to_o ring_v the_o bell_n and_o open_a and_o shut_v the_o church-doore_n these_o be_v the_o several_a rank_n of_o church-officer_n be_v seven_o in_o number_n for_o bishop_n and_o presbyter_n make_v but_o one_o and_o may_v be_v as_o thus_o order_v the_o seven_o head_n of_o the_o beast_n whereon_o the_o woman_n sit_v 750._o council_n brit._n 261._o an._n 750._o and_o with_o much_o ado_n make_v up_o a_o kind_n of_o church-service_n somewhat_o like_o a_o great_a hoe_n in_o a_o ship-yard_n at_o the_o stir_n of_o a_o little_a log_n and_o be_v nevertheless_o well_o pay_v for_o their_o labour_n chap._n xi_o of_o churchmen_n maintenance_n among_o the_o saxon_n i_o take_v no_o notice_n in_o this_o account_n of_o the_o abbat_n and_o prior_n &_o other_o such_o religious_a man_n as_o they_o be_v then_o call_v nor_o can_v i_o pass_v they_o among_o the_o number_n of_o church-governors_n or_o officer_n be_v no_o other_o than_o as_o a_o sixth_o finger_n or_o a_o excrescence_n that_o the_o body_n may_v well_o spare_v and_o yet_o they_o suck_v up_o much_o of_o the_o blood_n and_o spirit_n thereof_o but_o as_o touch_v the_o maintenance_n of_o those_o former_o mention_v who_o have_v a_o constant_a influence_n in_o the_o government_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o public_a worship_n of_o god_n and_o regard_n of_o the_o salvation_n of_o the_o soul_n of_o the_o people_n i_o say_v their_o maintenance_n be_v diverse_o raise_v and_o as_o diverse_o employ_v first_o through_o the_o bounty_n of_o king_n and_o great_a man_n land_n and_o manor_n be_v bestow_v upon_o the_o metropolitan_a and_o bishop_n in_o free_a alm_n and_o from_o these_o arise_v the_o maintenance_n that_o ascend_v up_o in_o abundance_n to_o the_o high_a region_n of_o the_o clergy_n but_o come_v again_o in_o thin_a dew_n scarce_o enough_o to_o keep_v the_o husbandman_n hope_n from_o despair_n otherwise_o have_v not_o the_o prelate_n so_o soon_o mount_v up_o into_o the_o chair_n of_o pomp_n and_o state_n as_o they_o do_v i_o say_v these_o be_v give_v in_o free_a alm_n or_o more_o plain_o as_o alm_n free_a from_o all_o service_n and_o this_o be_v doubtless_o soon_o think_v upon_o for_o it_o be_v former_o in_o precedent_n with_o their_o heathenish_a priest_n and_o druid_n as_o caesar_n note_v 6._o com._n 6._o that_o they_o have_v omninm_fw-la rerum_fw-la immunitatem_fw-la yet_o with_o the_o exception_n of_o work_n of_o public_a charity_n and_o safety_n such_o as_o be_v maintain_v of_o high_a way_n repair_v of_o bridge_n and_o fortify_v of_o castle_n etc._n etc._n and_o hereof_o the_o precedent_n be_v numerous_a the_o work_n whereto_o this_o wage_n be_v appoint_v be_v the_o worship_n of_o god_n and_o increase_v of_o religion_n and_o thus_o not_o only_o many_o of_o the_o king_n subject_n be_v exempt_v from_o public_a service_n but_o much_o of_o the_o revenue_n of_o the_o kingdom_n former_o employ_v for_o the_o public_a safety_n become_v acquit_v from_o the_o service_n of_o the_o field_n to_o the_o service_n of_o the_o bead_n the_o strength_n of_o the_o kingdom_n much_o impair_v and_o the_o subject_n much_o grieve_v who_o in_o those_o early_a time_n see_v the_o inconvenience_n abb._n m._n paris_n in_o vit_fw-mi eadrick_n abb._n and_o complain_v thereof_o to_o their_o king_n but_o can_v not_o prevail_v this_o be_v the_o vintage_n of_o king_n and_o great_a man_n but_o the_o glean_n of_o the_o people_n be_v much_o more_o plentiful_a for_o beside_o the_o court_n which_o swell_v as_o the_o irregularity_n of_o those_o time_n increase_v and_o thereby_o enrich_v the_o coffer_n of_o that_o covetous_a generation_n 31._o an._n 1009._o council_n brit._n 523._o ll._n aetheld_a 31._o the_o great_a part_n whereof_o aught_o by_o the_o canon_n to_o go_v to_o the_o public_a the_o best_a part_n of_o the_o settle_a maintenance_n especial_o of_o the_o inferior_a degree_n arise_v from_o the_o good_a affection_n of_o the_o people_n who_o be_v either_o forward_a to_o offer_v or_o easy_o persuade_v to_o forgo_v constant_a supply_n for_o the_o churchman_n out_o
of_o their_o estate_n as_o well_o real_a as_o personal_a especial_o in_o the_o particular_n ensue_v the_o most_o ancient_a of_o all_o the_o rest_n be_v the_o first-fruit_n first-fruit_n first-fruit_n which_o be_v by_o way_n of_o eminency_n call_v cyrick-sceate_a or_o in_o more_o plain_a english_a church-fee_n which_o be_v always_o payable_a upon_o st_n martin_n day_n unto_o the_o bishop_n out_o of_o that_o house_n where_o the_o party_n do_v inhabit_v upon_o the_o day_n or_o feast_n of_o the_o nativity_n 545._o council_n brit._n p._n 185._o an._n 693._o council_n brit._n p._n 545._o it_o be_v first_o grant_v by_o parliament_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n ina_n and_o in_o case_n of_o neglect_n of_o payment_n or_o denial_n it_o be_v penal_a eleven-fold_n to_o the_o bishop_n beside_o a_o fine_a to_o the_o king_n as_o be_v afterward_o order_v by_o canutus_n 787._o tithe_n council_n brit._n p._n 298._o an._n 787._o after_o the_o first_o fruit_n come_v to_o consideration_n the_o revenue_n of_o tithe_n whereof_o i_o find_v no_o public_a act_n of_o state_n to_o warrant_v till_o the_o legatine_n council_n under_o offa_n although_o the_o canon_n be_v more_o ancient_a the_o bishop_n at_o the_o first_o be_v the_o general_a receiver_n as_o well_o of_o these_o as_o of_o the_o former_a and_o by_o he_o they_o be_v divide_v into_o three_o part_n and_o employ_v one_o to_o the_o poor_a another_o for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o church_n 259._o council_n brit._n 259._o and_o a_o three_o part_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o presbyter_n but_o in_o future_a time_n many_o act_n of_o state_n succeed_v concern_v this_o ingulsus_n ingulsus_n among_o which_o that_o grant_n of_o athelwolfe_n must_v be_v a_o little_a pause_v upon_o some_o writer_n say_v that_o he_o give_v the_o ten_o mansion_n 2._o gest_n pontiff_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 2._o and_o the_o ten_o of_o all_o his_o good_n but_o malmsbury_n say_v the_o ten_o of_o the_o hide_v of_o land_n but_o in_o the_o donation_n itself_o as_o it_o be_v by_o he_o recite_v it_o be_v the_o ten_o mansion_n but_o math._n westm_n understand_v that_o he_o give_v the_o ten_o part_n of_o his_o kingdom_n 854._o an._n 854._o but_o in_o the_o donation_n by_o he_o publish_v it_o be_v decimam_fw-la partem_fw-la terrae_fw-la meae_fw-la in_o my_o opinion_n all_o this_o be_v by_o tradition_n little_o can_v be_v ground_v thereupon_o the_o form_n of_o the_o donation_n itself_o be_v uncertain_a and_o varion_n the_o inference_n or_o relation_n more_o uncertain_a and_o unadvised_a for_o if_o the_o king_n have_v grant_v that_o which_o be_v not_o his_o own_o it_o can_v neither_o be_v account_v pious_a or_o rational_a nor_o do_v we_o find_v in_o the_o donation_n that_o the_o king_n in_o precise_a word_n give_v the_o land_n or_o the_o ten_o part_n of_o the_o land_n of_o his_o kingdom_n but_o the_o ten_o of_o his_o land_n in_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o exemplification_n publish_v by_o math._n westm_n countenance_v the_o same_o albeit_o the_o historian_n observe_v it_o not_o but_o suppose_v that_o the_o kingdom_n join_v with_o the_o king_n in_o the_o concession_n and_o that_o it_o be_v the_o course_n to_o pass_v it_o only_o in_o the_o king_n name_n yet_o can_v not_o the_o ten_o hide_n ten_o mansion_n or_o ten_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v grant_v without_o confusion_n in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o people_n for_o either_o some_o particular_a person_n must_v part_v with_o all_o their_o possession_n or_o else_o out_o of_o every_o man_n possession_n must_v have_v issue_v a_o proportionable_a supply_n or_o last_o a_o ten_o part_n of_o every_o man_n possession_n or_o house_n and_o land_n must_v be_v set_v forth_o from_o the_o rest_n or_o some_o must_v lose_v all_o and_o become_v beggar_n to_o save_v other_o all_o which_o be_v to_o i_o equal_o improbable_a nevertheless_o i_o do_v not_o take_v the_o thing_n to_o be_v whole_o fabulous_a but_o may_v rather_o suppose_v that_o either_o a_o ten_o be_v give_v out_o of_o the_o king_n own_o demesne_n which_o be_v most_o probable_a or_o else_o the_o ten_o of_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o land_n throughout_o the_o kingdom_n and_o that_o it_o be_v by_o public_a act_n of_o state_n and_o that_o clause_n forget_v by_o historian_n 1009._o council_n brit._n p._n 392._o an._n 905._o ibid._n 527._o an._n 1009._o and_o thus_o may_v a_o good_a precedent_n be_v lead_v to_o alfred_n athelstan_n and_o other_o king_n who_o settle_a law_n under_o payment_n of_o penalty_n and_o appoint_v the_o time_n of_o payment_n viz._n the_o small_a tithe_n at_o whitsuntide_n and_o the_o great_a tithe_n at_o alhollantide_n another_o tribute_n be_v that_o of_o luminary_n 1032._o luminary_n council_n brit._n p._n 377._o ibid._n 545._o an._n 1032._o which_o by_o alfred_n and_o gunthrun_n be_v first_o settle_v by_o law_n although_o it_o have_v be_v before_o claim_v by_o canon_n it_o be_v payable_a thrice_o a_o year_n viz._n hollantide_n candlemas_n and_o easter_n at_o each_o time_n a_o half_a penny_n upon_o every_o hide_n of_o land_n and_o this_o be_v under_o a_o penalty_n also_o 905._o ploughalme_n an._n 905._o another_o income_n arise_v from_o the_o plough_n and_o under_o the_o name_n of_o plough-alme_n at_o the_o first_o it_o be_v grant_v by_o edward_n the_o elder_a general_o and_o the_o value_n be_v a_o penny_n upon_o every_o plough_n and_o in_o after_o time_n it_o be_v ordain_v to_o be_v pay_v fifteen_o day_n after_o easter_n 1009._o an._n 1009._o 1009._o souleshot_v council_n brit._n d._n 571._o an._n 1009._o next_o come_v a_o fee_n at_o the_o death_n of_o the_o party_n which_o be_v common_o call_v soul-shot_a and_o pay_v before_o the_o dead_a body_n be_v bury_v unto_o that_o church_n where_o the_o dead_a party_n dwell_v be_v so_o as_o they_o never_o leave_v pay_v and_o ask_v so_o long_o as_o the_o body_n be_v above_o ground_n and_o its_o probable_a turn_v into_o that_o fee_n which_o be_v afterward_o call_v a_o mortuary_n the_o incumbent_a also_o of_o every_o church_n have_v glebe_n lay_v to_o the_o church_n 750._o glebe_n council_n brit._n 260._o an._n 750._o beside_o oblation_n and_o other_o casual_a profit_n as_o well_o arise_v from_o house_n border_v upon_o the_o church_n as_o otherwise_o all_o these_o four_o last_o be_v payable_a to_o the_o priest_n of_o that_o particular_a congregation_n and_o have_v not_o their_o beginning_n till_o parish_n come_v to_o be_v settle_v peterpence_n peterpence_n last_o the_o zeal_n of_o the_o charity_n of_o england_n be_v not_o so_o cold_a as_o to_o contain_v itself_o within_o its_o own_o bound_n they_o be_v a_o dependent_a church_n upon_o rome_n and_o their_o old_a mother_n must_v not_o be_v forget_v a_o alm_n be_v grant_v for_o under_o that_o lowly_a title_n it_o pass_v first_o but_o afterward_o call_v romscot_n or_o romesfeogh_n or_o heordpenny_n for_o it_o be_v a_o penny_n upon_o every_o hearth_n or_o chimney_n payable_a at_o the_o feast_n of_o st_n peter_n ad_fw-la vincula_fw-la and_o therefore_o also_o call_v peter-pence_n it_o be_v for_o the_o pope_n use_n and_o be_v settle_v under_o great_a penalty_n upon_o the_o defaulter_n it_o arise_v by_o degree_n and_o parcel_n 725._o council_n brit._n p._n 230._o an._n 725._o for_o first_o ina_n the_o saxon_a king_n grant_v a_o penny_n out_o of_o every_o house_n in_o his_o kingdom_n after_o he_o offa_n grant_v it_o out_o of_o every_o dwell_a house_n that_o have_v ground_n thereto_o occupy_v to_o the_o yearly_a value_n of_o thirty_o penny_n 791._o council_n brit._n p._n 311._o an._n 791._o except_v the_o land_n which_o he_o have_v purpose_v for_o the_o monastery_n at_o st_n alban_n this_o offa_n have_v a_o much_o large_a dominion_n than_o ina_n and_o be_v king_n over_o three_o and_o twenty_o shire_n after_o who_o aethelwolfe_n pass_v a_o new_a grant_n thereof_o out_o of_o his_o whole_a kingdom_n 847._o ibid._n 343._o an._n 847._o which_o be_v well_o nigh_o all_o that_o part_n which_o be_v call_v saxony_n with_o this_o proviso_n nevertheless_o that_o where_o a_o man_n have_v divers_a dwell_v house_n he_o be_v to_o pay_v only_o for_o that_o house_n wherein_o he_o dwell_v at_o the_o time_n of_o payment_n 621._o ibid._n 621._o afterward_o edward_n the_o confessor_n confirm_v that_o donation_n out_o of_o such_o tenement_n as_o have_v thirty_o penny_n vivae_fw-la pecuniae_fw-la if_o then_o it_o be_v grant_v that_o the_o saxon_a subject_n have_v any_o property_n in_o their_o land_n or_o tenement_n as_o no_o man_n ever_o question_v then_o can_v not_o this_o charge_n be_v impose_v without_o the_o public_a consent_n of_o the_o people_n and_o then_o the_o assertion_n of_o polidore_n and_o the_o monk_n who_o tell_v we_o that_o ina_n and_o offa_n have_v make_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n tributary_n to_o rome_n must_v needs_o be_v a_o mistake_n both_o in_o the_o person_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o gift_n see_v
which_o we_o call_v suit_n of_o court_n the_o court_n of_o free_a man_n be_v hold_v from_o three_o week_n to_o three_o week_n wherein_o the_o free_a man_n 72._o miror_fw-la p._n 17._o lind._o gloss_n albin_n hist_o saxon._n p._n 72._o as_o in_o the_o hundred_o and_o county_n be_v judge_n of_o the_o fact_n and_o from_o they_o name_v as_o at_o this_o day_n court_n leete_n or_o the_o court_n of_o the_o liti_fw-la or_o such_o as_o be_v manumit_v or_o free_a man_n in_o this_o court_n all_o action_n or_o suit_n between_o the_o free_a man_n of_o the_o same_o manor_n and_o within_o the_o same_o arise_v be_v determine_v nor_o can_v any_o court_n no_o not_o the_o king_n intermeddle_v with_o such_o suit_n before_o trial_n have_v but_o by_o the_o lord_n allowance_n and_o upon_o this_o privilege_n the_o writ_n of_o right_a patent_n be_v ground_v but_o the_o full_a nature_n of_o this_o court_n be_v not_o within_o my_o intention_n but_o i_o must_v refer_v the_o reader_n to_o the_o law-booke_n 2._o f._n n._n br._n 2._o for_o it_o be_v the_o least_o part_n of_o the_o work_n and_o power_n which_o this_o court_n obtain_v by_o continuance_n of_o time_n in_o regard_n that_o manor_n exceed_o multiply_v so_o as_o no_o part_n of_o the_o land_n be_v leave_v free_a and_o many_o one_o of_o they_o extend_v into_o divers_a decennary_n the_o lord_n obtain_v great_a power_n over_o they_o frankpledge_a view_v of_o frankpledge_a and_o have_v of_o king_n grant_v of_o view_n of_o frankpledge_a within_o their_o several_a lordship_n and_o further_a power_n of_o inquiry_n and_o punish_v of_o matter_n of_o public_a nuisance_n and_o such_o as_o be_v contra_fw-la pacem_fw-la &_o coronam_fw-la which_o by_o custom_n become_v annex_v unto_o the_o court-leete_a the_o nuisance_n of_o copy-holds_a be_v do_v to_o disherison_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o not_o proper_a for_o the_o court_n of_o public_a inquiry_n the_o judge_n of_o this_o courtleet_n be_v the_o lord_n or_o his_o steward_n for_o the_o directory_n part_n and_o the_o steward_n be_v proper_o coroner_n within_o the_o manor_n to_o take_v presentment_n and_o certify_v they_o to_o the_o coroner_n of_o the_o county_n and_o thus_o this_o court_n swallow_v up_o much_o of_o the_o power_n of_o the_o decenner_n court_n in_o the_o very_a infancy_n so_o as_o we_o find_v no_o footstep_n of_o any_o writ_n of_o right_a to_o the_o decenner_n or_o chief_a pledge_n but_o contrariwise_o many_o view_n of_o frank_n pledge_v grant_v to_o particular_a person_n in_o the_o time_n of_o alfred_n 1_o miror_fw-la cap._n 5._o sec._n 1_o and_o many_o thing_n do_v by_o the_o chief_a pledge_n in_o the_o court_n of_o these_o manor_n as_o be_v to_o be_v yet_o see_v in_o many_o ancient_a court_n roll_n the_o other_o court_n which_o by_o common_a right_n belong_v to_o the_o lord_n of_o manor_n be_v that_o of_o the_o copyholder_n baron_n court_n baron_n call_v or_o rather_o include_v under_o the_o name_n of_o the_o court_n baron_fw-fr which_o albeit_o it_o be_v call_v in_o the_o ordinary_o stile_n curia_fw-la baronum_fw-la yet_o not_o so_o proper_o as_o i_o conceive_v 57_o co._n instit_fw-la cap._n 57_o and_o it_o may_v be_v by_o way_n of_o mistake_n for_o baronis_fw-la for_o if_o it_o be_v so_o proper_o unite_v former_o to_o the_o court_n of_o free_a man_n as_o ab_fw-la excellentiori_fw-la it_o always_o pass_v under_o that_o name_n yet_o when_o that_o court_n be_v omit_v and_o slip_v out_o of_o the_o way_n the_o court_n of_o copyholder_n that_o remain_v improper_o retain_v the_o name_n of_o that_o which_o be_v go_v this_o court_n at_o the_o first_o be_v intend_v only_o for_o the_o lord_n benefit_n and_o for_o the_o tenant_n right_a as_o subservient_fw-fr thereunto_o i_o say_v the_o tenant_n right_a not_o against_o their_o lord_n for_o they_o have_v no_o right_n against_o he_o but_o against_o any_o other_o they_o have_v protection_n of_o law_n both_o for_o themselves_o and_o their_o estate_n and_o as_o i_o say_v before_o by_o custom_n or_o rather_o light_a of_o religion_n their_o person_n and_o estate_n be_v considerable_a even_o by_o the_o lord_n themselves_o which_o also_o cause_v a_o law_n to_o be_v make_v ut_fw-la sic_fw-la de_fw-la suis_fw-la hominibus_fw-la agant_fw-la quatenus_fw-la erga_fw-la deum_fw-la reatum_fw-la non_fw-la incurrant_fw-la &_o regem_fw-la non_fw-la offendant_fw-la edw._n ll._n edw._n which_o law_n can_v never_o be_v intend_v of_o the_o free_a holder_n for_o it_o have_v be_v a_o vain_a redundancy_n to_o have_v make_v a_o especial_a law_n for_o that_o which_o be_v provide_v for_o by_o the_o know_a fundamental_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n against_o which_o a_o speedy_a remedy_n lie_v by_o the_o king_n writ_n and_o that_o these_o man_n how_o mean_a soever_o have_v even_o in_o those_o day_n a_o kind_n of_o property_n both_o in_o land_n and_o good_n for_o the_o law_n though_o by_o their_o antique_a language_n darken_v 33._o selden_n spicil_n 184._o cap._n 33._o yet_o plain_o speak_v the_o terra_fw-la sva_fw-la &_o catallis_fw-la ejus_fw-la and_o if_o the_o ancient_a german_n be_v so_o generous_a to_o their_o bondman_n sure_o much_o rather_o after_o their_o come_n into_o this_o island_n in_o as_o much_o as_o their_o service_n be_v more_o and_o more_o necessary_a in_o agriculture_n which_o can_v never_o be_v perform_v by_o the_o native_n who_o be_v not_o in_o their_o own_o person_n conquer_v although_o their_o land_n be_v chap._n xxxiii_o of_o township_n and_o their_o market_n the_o next_o franchese_n be_v that_o of_o town_n this_o be_v take_v up_o as_o a_o birth_n of_o war_n and_o nurse_n of_o peace_n for_o their_o ancestor_n like_v not_o to_o dwell_v in_o crowd_n tacitus_n tacitus_n ne_fw-la pati_fw-la quidem_fw-la inter_fw-la se_fw-la junctas_fw-la sedes_fw-la it_o be_v their_o trade_n or_o pastime_n to_o war_n upon_o beast_n when_o they_o find_v no_o enemy_n among_o they_o this_o solitudinary_a custom_n can_v not_o be_v soon_o shake_v off_o and_o may_v well_o occasion_v multitude_n of_o town_n in_o those_o time_n though_o small_a one_o doubtless_o that_o writer_n speak_v of_o if_o true_a it_o be_v that_o after_o the_o waste_a time_n of_o the_o dane_n and_o norman_n in_o the_o conqueror_n time_n be_v find_v in_o england_n forty_o five_o thousand_o parish_n and_o sixty_o two_o thousand_o village_n nor_o be_v peace_n less_o beneficial_a to_o they_o then_o they_o careful_a of_o it_o for_o by_o continuance_n of_o peace_n husbandry_n manufacture_n and_o commerce_v occasion_v people_n to_o gather_v to_o place_n commodious_a for_o habitation_n in_o good_a soil_n nigh_o navigable_a river_n or_o havens_n and_o according_a to_o their_o situation_n and_o trade_n so_o they_o swell_v in_o multitude_n or_o decay_a some_o of_o who_o grow_v more_o eminent_a than_o other_o more_o care_n be_v have_v of_o their_o government_n and_o safety_n for_o the_o late_a by_o build_v of_o wall_n and_o castle_n and_o for_o the_o former_a by_o settle_v a_o magistracy_n peculiar_a to_o that_o place_n or_o township_n not_o as_o so_o many_o decenner_n but_o as_o one_o body_n consist_v of_o many_o member_n and_o thus_o by_o custom_n they_o grow_v to_o be_v fraternity_n or_o corporation_n under_o one_o magistrate_n or_o head_n who_o they_o call_v alderman_n and_o hold_v a_o court_n of_o justice_n at_o the_o first_o hold_v twice_o a_o year_n which_o be_v in_o nature_n of_o a_o leet_n with_o a_o view_n of_o frank_n pledge_n market_n ll._n canut_n cap._n 44._o miror_fw-la cap._n 5._o sec._n 1._o market_n as_o may_v appear_v in_o the_o case_n of_o dorcester_n circeter_n and_o doncaster_n in_o alfred_n time_n and_o herewith_o they_o have_v public_a market_n which_o serve_v they_o for_o their_o better_a convenience_n this_o privilege_n of_o market_n be_v a_o liberty_n of_o public_a sale_n and_o trade_n in_o commodity_n that_o principal_o concern_v the_o belly_n but_o by_o common_a course_n become_v a_o pass_n for_o commodity_n of_o every_o kind_n almost_o concern_v this_o liberty_n i_o shall_v desire_v leave_n to_o interpose_v this_o parenthesis_n ensue_v before_o i_o proceed_v in_o the_o intend_a discourse_n in_o the_o first_o time_n as_o every_o man_n by_o common_a right_n have_v property_n in_o his_o own_o good_n so_o by_o the_o same_o right_n he_o have_v power_n to_o alien_n they_o to_o any_o person_n at_o any_o time_n in_o any_o place_n by_o gift_n sale_n exchange_n or_o other_o way_n and_o that_o by_o such_o alienation_n but_o especial_o by_o sale_n a_o right_n be_v vest_v in_o the_o buyer_n against_o all_o man_n save_v the_o eignee_n right_o which_o be_v recompense_v upon_o warranty_n and_o recovery_n in_o value_n and_o in_o those_o day_n common_a sense_n teach_v man_n to_o buy_v or_o sell_v of_o or_o to_o the_o next_o neighbour_n that_o will_v bargain_n with_o they_o and_o for_o want_v of_o such_o occasion_n to_o repair_v to_o the_o next_o assembly_n
forefather_n recepitque_fw-la satisfactionem_fw-la universa_fw-la domus_fw-la tacitus_n tacitus_n it_o will_v be_v too_o tedious_a to_o recite_v all_o the_o particular_a law_n with_o their_o change_n and_o therefore_o they_o shall_v be_v leave_v to_o the_o view_n in_o the_o several_a law_n of_o alfred_n edmond_n canutus_n and_o edward_n the_o saxon_a king_n yet_o one_o custom_n first_o begin_v by_o the_o dane_n 13._o englishire_n stamf._n lib._n 1._o cap._n 10._o miror_fw-la cap._n 1._o sec._n 13._o i_o can_v omit_v that_o if_o a_o man_n be_v find_v slay_v who_o parent_n or_o friend_n be_v unknown_a by_o common_a intendment_n he_o be_v to_o be_v presume_v to_o be_v a_o dane_n and_o then_o if_o the_o delinquent_n be_v not_o take_v nor_o flee_v to_o sanctuary_n nor_o know_v where_o he_o be_v the_o whole_a hundred_o be_v amerce_v for_o the_o escape_n 15_o bracton_n lib._n 3._o tract_n 1._o cap._n 15_o but_o if_o the_o party_n slay_v be_v know_v to_o be_v of_o english_a parent_n it_o be_v otherwise_o this_o custom_n last_v long_o after_o the_o norman_n time_n the_o dane_n be_v only_o change_v into_o the_o norman_a 19_o breach_n of_o peace_n batteries_n maim_n imprisonment_n alured_n praes_fw-la lam._n 19_o and_o be_v call_v englishire_n battery_n maim_n imprisonment_n and_o other_o breach_n of_o peace_n be_v punish_v by_o fine_a which_o they_o call_v fightwitt_n grithbrece_n or_o frithbreck_n and_o the_o delinquent_n ordinary_o put_v in_o surety_n for_o the_o peace_n for_o future_a time_n the_o fine_a be_v increase_v by_o the_o number_n of_o delinquent_n join_v in_o the_o fact_n for_o if_o seven_o join_v it_o be_v a_o riot_n and_o the_o fine_a be_v then_o call_v flothbote_n if_o the_o number_n be_v five_o time_n so_o many_o viz._n thirty_o and_o five_o than_o it_o be_v a_o rebellion_n or_o war_n second_o the_o fine_a be_v increase_v by_o the_o time_n or_o season_n of_o the_o fact_n as_o in_o lent_n or_o while_o the_o army_n be_v in_o the_o field_n because_o in_o the_o first_o case_n the_o holy_a time_n be_v profane_v in_o the_o second_o the_o country_n be_v more_o endanger_v when_o the_o strength_n be_v abroad_o and_o the_o army_n may_v be_v discourage_v at_o the_o news_n of_o the_o disturbance_n at_o home_n and_o therefore_o the_o saxon_n punish_v this_o with_o death_n or_o fine_a suitable_a 6._o ll._n edw._n c._n 31._o ll._n sax._n cap._n 36._o ll._n inae_fw-la cap._n 6._o three_o the_o fine_a be_v the_o great_a in_o case_n of_o the_o excellency_n of_o the_o place_n where_o it_o be_v holy_a ground_n or_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o great_a person_n such_o as_o the_o king_n or_o bishop_n commandment_n the_o seven_o commandment_n adultery_n among_o the_o old_a german_n be_v hold_v a_o crime_n of_o a_o high_a nature_n the_o penalty_n of_o the_o woman_n that_o commit_v that_o crime_n be_v death_n i_o find_v not_o what_o become_v of_o the_o man_n in_o latter_a time_n of_o the_o saxon_n it_o grow_v less_o penal_a 22._o baronus_fw-la anal._n 745._o num_fw-la 5._o council_n brit._n 558._o ll._n canut_n 50._o reg_fw-la 22._o and_o more_o common_a by_o alfred_n law_n it_o be_v finable_a and_o the_o fine_a call_v legierwit_n by_o canutus_n the_o man_n be_v fine_v or_o banish_v the_o woman_n to_o lose_v her_o nose_n ear_n and_o her_o portion_n incest_n be_v more_o penal_a to_o the_o man_n then_o adultery_n and_o yet_o it_o touch_v not_o his_o life_n 19_o incest_n ll._n sax._n 48._o reg_fw-la 19_o robbery_n among_o the_o lacedaemonian_n be_v account_v but_o a_o trick_n of_o youth_n the_o athenian_n thought_n be_v more_o severe_a the_o german_n likewise_o differ_v in_o their_o censure_n concern_v it_o commandment_n the_o eight_o commandment_n the_o saxon_n punish_v it_o with_o death_n but_o the_o angle_n with_o fine_a only_a yet_o ina_n the_o king_n make_v it_o mortal_a and_o canutus_n follow_v he_o therein_o trespass_n lind_n ll._n ang._n &_o sax._n ll._n sax._n 4._o reg_fw-la 3_o miror_fw-la 262._o burn_v of_o wood_n burglary_n ll._n edm._n cap._n 6._o ll._n canut_n p._n 59_o trespass_n and_o edward_n the_o confessor_n limit_v that_o punishment_n to_o theft_n of_o twelve_o penny_n in_o value_n or_o above_o burn_v of_o wood_n be_v fineable_a by_o inaes_n law_n but_o burglary_n be_v felony_n in_o king_n edmund_n time_n only_a the_o dane_n make_v it_o finable_a possible_o be_v guilty_a in_o their_o own_o conscience_n of_o their_o own_o propensity_n to_o rapine_n and_o plundering_n this_o privilege_n of_o the_o dwell_a house_n be_v ancient_o call_v hamsoca_n or_o hamsoken_n or_o hamsokne_v trespass_n commit_v upon_o ground_n be_v all_o comprehend_v under_o the_o general_a name_n of_o ederbrece_n or_o hedge-breaking_a and_o the_o penalty_n be_v not_o only_o the_o damage_n to_o the_o party_n but_o also_o fine_a to_o the_o king_n upon_o action_n which_o in_o these_o day_n pass_v under_o the_o name_n of_o quare_fw-la clausum_fw-la fregit_fw-la according_a to_o the_o word_n of_o the_o writ_n 36._o ll._n sax._n cap._n 36._o the_o damage_n be_v more_o or_o less_o according_a to_o the_o time_n or_o season_n when_o it_o be_v do_v for_o if_o when_o the_o army_n be_v abroad_o the_o damage_n be_v double_v and_o in_o like_a manner_n if_o do_v in_o lent_n time_n if_o the_o trespass_n be_v do_v by_o a_o beast_n the_o owner_n must_v pay_v the_o damage_n 40._o ll._n inae_fw-la 56._o ibid._n c._n 40._o but_o if_o it_o be_v occasion_v through_o the_o complainants_n default_n as_o through_o his_o gap_n no_o damage_n be_v pay_v the_o constant_a fine_a to_o the_o king_n in_o all_o such_o trespass_n be_v by_o alfred_n law_n set_v at_o five_o shilling_n 36._o ll._n sax._n c._n 36._o other_o action_n also_o be_v then_o use_v as_o touch_v damage_n do_v to_o good_n and_o action_n upon_o the_o case_n for_o in_o alfred_n time_n the_o plaintiff_n recover_v not_o only_a damage_n for_o trespass_n do_v to_o possession_n and_o good_n 301._o miror_fw-la p._n 301._o but_o also_o cost_v for_o injury_n in_o point_n of_o scandal_n and_o defamation_n in_o case_n the_o complainant_n special_o declare_v that_o he_o be_v thereby_o disable_v or_o indammage_v in_o his_o preferment_n and_o make_v proof_n of_o the_o same_o suitable_a unto_o the_o form_n of_o our_o plead_n at_o this_o day_n commandment_n the_o nine_o commandment_n which_o conclude_v with_o per_fw-la quod_fw-la etc._n etc._n or_o &_o deterioratus_fw-la est_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o saxon_n be_v utter_a enemy_n to_o perjury_n they_o punish_v 10._o punish_v ll._n aethelst_n c._n 10._o with_o eternal_a discredit_n of_o testimony_n 6._o testimony_n ll._n canut_n c._n 6._o and_o sometime_o with_o banishment_n or_o with_o grievous_a fine_n to_o the_o king_n and_o mulct_n to_o the_o judge_n 53._o spec._n sax._n l._n 3_o art_n 53._o for_o that_o difference_n i_o find_v observe_v in_o those_o day_n between_o fine_n and_o mulct_n albeit_o the_o more_o ancient_a time_n use_v they_o for_o one_o and_o the_o same_o for_o so_o the_o historian_n pars_fw-la mulctae_fw-la regi_fw-la in_o all_o these_o matter_n where_o any_o interest_n be_v vest_v in_o the_o crown_n the_o king_n have_v the_o prerogative_n of_o pardon_n yet_o always_o the_o recompense_n to_o the_o party_n be_v save_v 18._o ll._n edw._n c._n 18._o beside_o the_o security_n of_o the_o good_a behaviour_n for_o time_n to_o come_v as_o the_o case_n require_v chap._n xli_o of_o the_o law_n of_o property_n of_o land_n and_o good_n and_o their_o manner_n of_o conveyance_n thus_o pass_v over_o some_o top_n of_o saxon_a penal_a law_n beside_o the_o general_a rule_n or_o law_n of_o eye_n for_o eye_n tooth_n for_o tooth_n etc._n etc._n it_o now_o remain_v as_o light_o to_o glance_v at_o a_o few_o general_n concern_v the_o settle_n and_o property_n of_o possession_n in_o point_n of_o title_n 1._o miror_fw-la cap._n 5._o sec._n 1._o concern_v which_o although_o it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o conqueror_n of_o this_o part_n of_o the_o isle_n be_v a_o body_n aggregate_v of_o many_o nation_n or_o people_n and_o so_o divers_a custom_n must_v necessary_o settle_v by_o common_a intendment_n in_o several_a place_n according_a as_o they_o choose_v their_o habitation_n inheritance_n inheritance_n yet_o the_o general_a custom_n of_o the_o german_n as_o touch_v descent_n of_o inheritance_n be_v to_o the_o elder_a son_n for_o tacitus_n speak_v of_o the_o german_a cavalry_n say_v that_o the_o horse_n of_o the_o party_n dead_a go_v not_o to_o the_o elder_a son_n ut_fw-la ceterus_fw-la but_o to_o the_o most_o valiant_a man_n among_o they_o of_o that_o lineage_n which_o word_v ut_fw-la ceterus_fw-la do_v plain_o intimate_v that_o other_o matter_n of_o profit_n pass_v to_o the_o elder_a son_n in_o point_n of_o descent_n nor_o can_v i_o conceive_v how_o man_n shall_v be_v induce_v to_o conceit_n that_o the_o custom_n of_o gavelkind_n be_v the_o ancient_a general_a custom_n of_o
ang._n tit_n 6._o lindenbr_n as_o among_o the_o angle_n it_o be_v a_o law_n that_o the_o inheritance_n shall_v pass_v unto_o the_o issue_n male_n on_o the_o father_n side_n until_o the_o five_o generation_n before_o any_o title_n can_v accrue_v to_o the_o issue_n female_a and_o then_o according_a to_o their_o proverb_n it_o go_v from_o the_o lance_n to_o the_o spindle_n but_o the_o dane_n possible_o may_v prevent_v this_o in_o the_o continuance_n thereof_o for_o they_o bring_v along_o with_o they_o that_o which_o be_v former_o the_o saxon_a custom_n 333._o ll._n sax._n tit_n 7._o ibid._n council_n brit._n 333._o which_o carry_v the_o inheritance_n unto_o the_o daughter_n upon_o the_o fail_n of_o the_o issue_n male_a as_o in_o the_o example_n of_o cenedritha_n daughter_n to_o cenulfus_n among_o multitude_n of_o other_o may_v appear_v 7._o ll._n alured_n sax._n c._n 7._o but_o where_o land_n be_v convey_v by_o writing_n or_o act_n of_o the_o party_n it_o be_v a_o maxim_n that_o the_o will_n of_o the_o conveyor_n shall_v be_v strict_o observe_v nor_o can_v ever_o any_o one_o that_o come_v in_o by_o virtue_n of_o such_o write_n ever_o alien_a the_o land_n to_o cross_v the_o currant_n of_o the_o original_a conveyance_n the_o entail_v of_o estate_n therefore_o be_v very_o ancient_a b._n plo._n come_v 251._o b._n although_o by_o corrupt_a custom_n it_o be_v delude_v as_o the_o lord_n dier_n in_o his_o argument_n of_o the_o l._n berklies_n case_n observe_v another_o custom_n of_o inheritance_n be_v catch_v i_o know_v not_o how_o it_o be_v call_v burrough_n english_a and_o by_o the_o name_n may_v seem_v to_o be_v bring_v in_o by_o some_o cynical_a odd_a angle_n that_o mean_v to_o cross_v the_o world_n and_o yet_o in_o a_o way_n not_o contrary_a to_o all_o reason_n for_o where_o nature_n afford_v least_o help_v the_o wisdom_n of_o man_n have_v use_v to_o be_v most_o careful_a of_o supply_n and_o thus_o the_o young_a become_v prefer_v before_o the_o elder_n in_o the_o course_n of_o descent_n of_o inheritance_n according_a to_o this_o custom_n there_o be_v no_o further_a monument_n of_o the_o antiquity_n hereof_o that_o i_o have_v meet_v with_o than_o the_o name_n itself_o which_o import_v that_o it_o spring_v up_o while_n as_o yet_o the_o name_n of_o angle_n and_o saxon_n hold_v in_o common_a cognisance_n &_o may_v arise_v first_o from_o the_o grant_n of_o the_o lord_n to_o their_o tenant_n and_o so_o by_o continuance_n become_v usual_a and_o by_o this_o mean_n also_o may_v arise_v the_o custom_n of_o copyhold_n of_o this_o nature_n so_o frequent_a especial_o in_o those_o eastern_a part_n of_o this_o island_n where_o the_o angles_n settle_v and_o from_o who_o that_o part_n have_v the_o name_n of_o the_o east_n angle_n kind_a gavel_n kind_a another_o custom_n of_o descent_n remain_v and_o that_o be_v to_o the_o child_n collective_o and_o it_o be_v call_v gavell_n kind_a or_o gave-all_a kind_n and_o by_o the_o very_a name_n seem_v at_o the_o first_o to_o arise_v rather_o from_o the_o donation_n of_o the_o parent_n or_o other_o ancestor_n contrary_a to_o common_a custom_n then_o by_o common_a law_n otherwise_o no_o need_n have_v be_v of_o a_o especial_a name_n in_o the_o original_n it_o seem_v it_o equal_o concern_v all_o both_o son_n and_o daughter_n as_o parcener_n and_o for_o want_v of_o such_o the_o brother_n and_o sister_n it_o seem_v to_o be_v first_o the_o law_n of_o the_o goth_n or_o jute_n suel_n stephanus_n dan._n burcus_n suel_n for_o it_o remain_v in_o use_n in_o these_o part_n of_o the_o eastern_a country_n but_o in_o late_a time_n this_o estate_n be_v also_o tail_v or_o cut_v out_o sometime_o to_o the_o son_n and_o daughter_n several_o that_o be_v the_o son_n or_o brother_n to_o have_v two_o part_n and_o the_o daughter_n or_o sister_n one_o part_n other_o time_n to_o all_o the_o son_n and_o for_o want_v of_o such_o to_o all_o the_o daughter_n and_o thus_o these_o course_n of_o estate_n pass_v over_o sea_n to_o the_o southern_a part_n of_o this_o island_n where_o that_o people_n most_o settle_v in_o a_o double_a stream_n the_o first_o from_o the_o athenian_n that_o love_v the_o stateliness_n of_o their_o family_n the_o other_o from_o the_o lacedaemonian_n who_o desire_v rather_o the_o continuance_n of_o their_o family_n then_o their_o greatness_n grec_n emmius_n grec_n the_o manner_n of_o convey_v of_o estate_n between_o party_n and_o party_n be_v either_o by_o act_n of_o the_o party_n execute_v in_o his_o life_n time_n writing_n conveyance_n in_o writing_n or_o after_o his_o death_n such_o as_o be_v execute_v in_o the_o life-time_n of_o the_o owner_n and_o be_v such_o as_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v in_o matter_n of_o great_a moment_n be_v estate_n pass_v by_o deed_n of_o conveyance_n in_o writing_n and_o for_o this_o way_n the_o saxon_n be_v behold_v to_o the_o latin_n who_o teach_v they_o that_o course_n 37._o ll._n sax._n cap._n 37._o both_o for_o form_n and_o language_n and_o alfred_n inforce_v it_o by_o a_o particular_a law_n viz._n that_o all_o such_o as_o hold_v land_n by_o deed_n in_o writing_n shall_v hold_v they_o according_a to_o the_o intent_n thereof_o and_o not_o alien_a the_o same_o contrary_n thereunto_o the_o intent_n thereof_o be_v prove_v by_o witness_n the_o nature_n of_o the_o conveyance_n in_o these_o ancient_a time_n may_v appear_v by_o a_o deed_n of_o the_o king_n of_o this_o island_n about_o 400_o year_n before_o the_o conquest_n whereby_o he_o grant_v four_o plough_n land_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o tenet_n unto_o a_o abbess_n wherein_o instead_o of_o that_o which_o we_o now_o call_v the_o habendum_fw-la habendum_fw-la habendum_fw-la the_o word_n be_v contulimus_fw-la possidendum_fw-la etc._n etc._n &_o after_o that_o follow_v the_o use_n of_o the_o deed_n tuo_fw-la usui_fw-la etc._n etc._n use_v use_v and_o then_o conclude_v with_o a_o warranty_n warranty_n warranty_n in_o these_o word_n tu_fw-la vero_fw-la successoresque_fw-la tui_fw-la defendant_n in_fw-la perpetuum_fw-la nunquam_fw-la i_o haeredesque_fw-la meos_fw-la contra_fw-la hanc_fw-la chartulam_fw-la aliquando_fw-la esse_fw-la venturos_fw-la the_o effect_n of_o which_o last_o clause_n may_v appear_v by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o sale_n of_o good_n which_o in_o those_o time_n be_v that_o if_o the_o sale_n of_o good_n warrant_v do_v not_o hold_v the_o loss_n shall_v light_v upon_o the_o seller_n signed_n ll._n inae_fw-la c._n 74._o ll._n sax._n c._n 24._o ll._n edw._n c._n 25._o signed_n the_o deed_n be_v usual_o subscribe_v with_o the_o name_n of_o he_o that_o make_v the_o conveyance_n or_o pass_v the_o estate_n and_o if_o he_o can_v not_o write_v his_o name_n as_o it_o befall_v often_o then_o the_o deed_n be_v under_o sign_v with_o his_o mark_n for_o wither_a king_n of_o kent_n use_v the_o sign_n of_o the_o cross_n in_o subscribe_v his_o grant_n pro_fw-la ignorantia_fw-la literarum_fw-la they_o use_v also_o in_o those_o day_n to_o seal_v their_o deed_n 198._o sealed_n council_n brit._n p._n 198._o for_o so_o much_o the_o conclusion_n of_o king_n ina_n charter_n to_o the_o abbey_n of_o glastenbury_n import_v in_o word_n to_o this_o effect_n in_o english_a ay_o inas_fw-la the_o king_n do_v confirm_v this_o grant_n and_o liberty_n by_o subscription_n of_o my_o own_o hand_n and_o under_o the_o seal_n of_o the_o holy_a cross_n true_a it_o be_v ingulfus_n tell_v we_o that_o seal_v to_o deed_n be_v of_o norman_a original_a i_o believe_v his_o intent_n be_v concern_v seal_n of_o wax_n annex_v or_o affix_v unto_o deed_n last_o witness_n witness_n in_o those_o day_n also_o they_o use_v to_o attest_v their_o deed_n by_o subscribe_v the_o name_n of_o such_o as_o be_v present_a who_o be_v of_o great_a or_o mean_a rank_n render_v the_o credit_n of_o the_o deed_n according_o more_a or_o less_o valuable_a acknowledgement_n acknowledgement_n and_o upon_o this_o ground_n do_v the_o acknowledge_v or_o prove_v of_o deed_n before_o the_o king_n bishop_n county_z or_o hundred_o first_o arise_v cragius_fw-la livery_n and_o seisin_n cragius_fw-la that_o be_v the_o roman_a fashion_n but_o the_o more_o ancient_a german_a way_n of_o conveyance_n be_v by_o livery_n and_o seisin_n as_o most_o suitable_a to_o their_o ignorance_n who_o have_v learning_n in_o as_o slight_a account_n as_o the_o lacedaemonian_n have_v and_o care_v for_o no_o more_o than_o will_v serve_v the_o turn_n of_o natural_a necessity_n a_o property_n they_o have_v both_o in_o land_n and_o good_n and_o where_o that_o rest_v no_o man_n can_v deny_v they_o the_o natural_a way_n of_o give_v and_o receive_v by_o delivery_n and_o therefore_o though_o matter_n of_o ordinary_a use_n seldom_o come_v into_o the_o observation_n of_o story_n and_o this_o petty_a ceremony_n may_v very_o well_o pass_v sub_fw-la silentio_fw-la yet_o we_o be_v not_o altogether_o leave_v destitute_a of_o the_o footstep_n thereof_o in_o
antiquity_n for_o aethbald_n the_o mercian_n king_n above_o eight_o hundred_o year_n ago_o give_v the_o monastery_n of_o cutham_n 319._o council_n brit._n 319._o with_o all_o the_o land_n thereto_o appertain_v to_o christchurch_n in_o canterbury_n and_o for_o the_o confirmation_n thereof_o command_v a_o clod_n of_o earth_n with_o all_o the_o write_n to_o be_v lay_v upon_o the_o altar_n another_o monument_n hereof_o more_o ancient_a by_o the_o space_n of_o above_o 100_o year_n we_o find_v in_o that_o grant_n of_o wither_a king_n of_o kent_n 192._o council_n brit._n 192._o of_o four_o plough_n land_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o tenet_n the_o latter_a part_n whereof_o this_o clause_n conclude_v thus_o ad_fw-la cujus_fw-la cumulum_fw-la affirmationis_fw-la cespitem_fw-la huius_fw-la supradictae_fw-la terrae_fw-la super_fw-la sanctum_fw-la altar_n posui_fw-la will_n last_o will_n but_o every_o man_n have_v not_o liberty_n to_o execute_v the_o law_n of_o his_o inheritance_n in_o his_o life_n time_n for_o some_o be_v surprise_v with_o sudden_a occasion_n and_o unexpected_a issue_n and_o end_n and_o in_o such_o case_n they_o do_v what_o they_o can_v to_o declare_v their_o intent_n by_o last_o will_n which_o by_o common_a intendment_n be_v in_o writing_n have_v occasion_v some_o to_o think_v that_o the_o saxon_n in_o their_o original_n have_v no_o use_n thereof_o be_v as_o they_o conceive_v so_o illiterate_a as_o not_o have_v the_o use_n of_o writing_n but_o the_o character_n remain_v to_o this_o day_n evince_v the_o contrary_a nor_o can_v those_o word_n of_o tacitus_n &_o nullum_fw-la est_fw-la testamentum_fw-la in_o any_o rational_a way_n be_v expound_v in_o this_o sense_n if_o we_o consider_v the_o context_n which_o run_v thus_o haeredes_fw-la &_o successores_fw-la cuique_fw-la liberi_fw-la &_o nullum_fw-la est_fw-la testamentum_fw-la which_o in_o my_o opinion_n sound_v in_o this_o sense_n the_o heir_n and_o successor_n to_o every_o one_o be_v his_o child_n and_o there_o be_v no_o testamentary_a power_n to_o disherit_v or_o alter_v the_o course_n of_o descent_n which_o by_o custom_n or_o law_n be_v settle_v otherwise_o to_o deny_v they_o the_o use_n of_o all_o testamentary_a power_n be_v a_o matter_n quite_o abhor_v the_o custom_n of_o all_o the_o grecian_n from_o who_o they_o learn_v all_o that_o they_o have_v 2._o m_o westm_n an._n 817._o malmsb._n gest_n reg._n l._n 2._o c._n 2._o nevertheless_o the_o saxon_n have_v not_o be_v long_o acquaint_v with_o the_o romanist_n but_o they_o have_v get_v that_o trick_n of_o they_o also_o of_o disherit_v by_o last_o will_n as_o by_o the_o testament_n of_o aethelwolfe_n and_o other_o of_o the_o like_a nature_n in_o history_n may_v appear_v the_o conveyance_n former_o mention_v concern_v land_n and_o good_n but_o if_o no_o such_o disposal_n of_o good_n be_v good_n good_n the_o ancient_a german_a custom_n carry_v they_o after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o ancestor_n promiscuous_o or_o rather_o in_o common_a to_o all_o the_o child_n but_o in_o succeed_a time_n the_o one_o half_a by_o the_o law_n of_o edmond_n pass_v to_o the_o relict_n of_o the_o party_n decease_v by_o force_n of_o contract_n rather_o than_o course_n of_o descent_n after_o he_o edward_n the_o confessor_n recollect_v the_o law_n declare_v that_o in_o case_n any_o one_o die_v intestate_a the_o child_n shall_v equal_o divide_v the_o good_n which_o i_o take_v to_o be_v understand_v with_o a_o salvo_fw-la of_o the_o wife_n dower_n or_o portion_n as_o yet_o therefore_o the_o ordinary_n have_v nothing_o to_o do_v with_o administration_n for_o good_n pass_v by_o descent_n as_o well_o as_o land_n and_o upon_o this_o custom_n the_o writ_n de_fw-fr rationabili_fw-la parte_fw-la honorum_fw-la be_v ground_v at_o the_o common_a law_n as_o well_o for_o the_o child_n as_o the_o wife_n part_n 122._o f.n._n br._n 122._o according_a as_o by_o the_o body_n of_o the_o writ_n may_v appear_v chap._n xlii_o of_o time_n of_o law_n and_o vacancy_n such_o like_v as_o have_v be_v show_v be_v the_o course_n of_o government_n in_o those_o dark_a time_n nor_o do_v the_o fundamental_o alter_v either_o by_o the_o diversity_n and_o mixture_n of_o people_n of_o several_a nation_n in_o the_o first_o entrance_n nor_o from_o the_o dane_n or_o norman_n in_o their_o survenue_n not_o only_o because_o in_o their_o original_n they_o all_o breathe_v one_o air_n of_o the_o law_n and_o government_n of_o greece_n but_o also_o they_o be_v no_o other_o than_o common_a dictate_v of_o nature_n refine_v by_o wise_a man_n which_o challenge_v a_o kind_n of_o awe_n in_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o most_o barbarous_a i_o have_v almost_o forget_v one_o circumstance_n which_o tend_v much_o to_o the_o honour_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n that_o be_v their_o speedy_a execution_n of_o justice_n for_o they_o admit_v no_o delay_n till_o upon_o experience_n they_o find_v that_o by_o stay_v a_o little_a long_o they_o have_v do_v the_o soon_o and_o this_o bring_v forth_o particular_a time_n of_o exemption_n 16._o miror_fw-la cap._n 4._o sec._n 16._o as_o that_o of_o infancy_n and_o childbearing_n in_o case_n of_o answer_n to_o criminail_n accusation_n but_o more_o especial_o in_o case_n of_o regard_n of_o holiness_n of_o the_o time_n as_o that_o of_o the_o lord_n day_n saint_n day_n 518._o ll._n sax._n cap._n 10._o council_n brit._n 518._o fast_n ember_n day_n for_o even_o those_o day_n be_v have_v in_o much_o honour_n nor_o only_a day_n but_o season_n as_o from_o advent_v to_o the_o octave_n of_o epiphany_n from_o septuagesima_fw-la till_o fifteen_o day_n after_o easter_n or_o as_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o confessor_n till_o eight_o day_n after_o easter_n and_o from_o ascension_n to_o the_o eight_o day_n after_o pentecost_n and_o though_o as_o king_n and_o time_n do_v change_v so_o these_o season_n may_v be_v diverse_o cut_v out_o as_o the_o law_n of_o alfred_n aethelstan_n aetheldred_n edgar_n canutus_n and_o edward_n do_v manifest_a yet_o all_o agree_v in_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n and_o that_o some_o be_v more_o fit_a for_o holy_a observation_n than_o other_o and_o thus_o by_o the_o devotion_n of_o prince_n and_o power_n of_o the_o clergy_n the_o four_o term_n of_o the_o year_n be_v cut_v out_o for_o course_n of_o law_n in_o the_o king_n court_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o year_n be_v leave_v vacant_a for_o the_o exercise_n and_o maintenance_n of_o husbandry_n and_o particular_a calling_n and_o employment_n save_v that_o even_o in_o those_o time_n the_o court_n of_o the_o county_n and_o hundred_o hold_v their_o ancient_a and_o constant_a course_n last_o of_o all_o and_o as_o a_o bind_a law_n unto_o all_o 18._o miror_fw-la cap._n 4._o sec._n 18._o it_o be_v provide_v that_o false_a judge_n shall_v give_v satisfaction_n to_o the_o party_n wrong_v by_o they_o and_o as_o the_o case_n require_v to_o forfeit_v the_o residue_n to_o the_o king_n to_o be_v disable_v for_o ever_o for_o place_n of_o judicature_n and_o their_o life_n leave_v to_o the_o king_n mercy_n chap._n xliii_o a_o epilogue_n to_o the_o saxon_a government_n and_o thus_o far_o of_o the_o joint_n of_o saxon_a government_n in_o their_o person_n precinct_n court_n cause_n and_o law_n wherein_o as_o the_o distance_n will_v permit_v and_o according_a to_o my_o capacity_n i_o have_v endeavour_v to_o refresh_v the_o image_n of_o the_o saxon_a commonweal_n the_o more_o curious_a lineament_n be_v now_o disfigure_v by_o time_n afar_o off_o it_o seem_v a_o monarchy_n but_o in_o approach_n discover_v more_o of_o a_o democracy_n and_o if_o the_o temper_n of_o a_o body_n may_v appear_v by_o the_o prevail_a humour_n towards_o age_n that_o government_n do_v still_o appear_v more_o prevalent_a in_o all_o assault_n both_o of_o time_n and_o change_n the_o first_o great_a change_n it_o feel_v be_v from_o the_o dane_n that_o storm_v they_o and_o show_v therein_o much_o of_o the_o wrath_n both_o of_o god_n and_o man_n and_o yet_o it_o trench_a not_o upon_o the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o the_o people_n liberty_n the_o worst_a effect_n it_o have_v be_v upon_o the_o church_n in_o the_o decay_n of_o the_o power_n of_o religion_n and_o worship_n of_o god_n for_o after_o much_o toil_n and_o loss_n both_o of_o sweat_n and_o blood_n the_o dane_n find_v that_o little_a be_v to_o be_v get_v by_o blow_n but_o blow_n and_o that_o the_o clergy_n at_o the_o least_o be_v the_o side-wind_n in_o the_o course_n of_o all_o affair_n lay_v aside_o their_o paganism_n and_o join_v with_o the_o clergy_n and_o as_o their_o convert_n and_o pupil_n gain_v not_o only_o their_o quiet_a residence_n but_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o clergy_n to_o make_v trial_n of_o the_o throne_n and_o therein_o serve_v the_o clergy_n so_o well_o as_o they_o bring_v the_o people_n to_o a_o perfect_a idolatry_n with_o time_n place_n and_o person_n and_o subjection_n of_o their_o estate_n to_o church_n tribute_n
he_o over_o for_o though_o he_o may_v seem_v as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o chase_n to_o be_v draw_v to_o london_n where_o the_o crown_n be_v and_o that_o he_o rather_o seek_v after_o his_o enemy_n than_o it_o yet_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o perceive_v the_o crown_n in_o his_o power_n he_o dispute_v not_o the_o right_a although_o that_o be_v edgar_n but_o possess_v himself_o of_o the_o long_o desire_a prey_n and_o yet_o he_o do_v it_o in_o a_o mannerly_a way_n as_o if_o he_o see_v in_o it_o somewhat_o more_o than_o gold_n and_o precious_a stone_n for_o though_o he_o may_v have_v take_v it_o by_o ravishment_n yet_o he_o choose_v the_o way_n of_o woo_v by_o a_o kind_n of_o mutual_a agreement_n thus_o this_o mighty_a conqueror_n suffer_v himself_o to_o be_v conquer_v and_o stoop_v under_o the_o law_n of_o a_o saxon_a king_n he_o become_v a_o king_n by_o leave_n wise_o foresee_v that_o a_o title_n get_v by_o election_n be_v more_o certain_a than_o that_o which_o be_v get_v by_o power_n chap._n xlv_o that_o the_o title_n of_o the_o norman_a king_n to_o the_o english_a crown_n be_v by_o election_n some_o there_o be_v that_o build_v their_o opinion_n upon_o passionate_a note_n of_o angry_a writer_n and_o do_v conclude_v that_o the_o duke_n way_n and_o title_n be_v whole_o by_o conquest_n and_o thence_o infer_v strange_a aphorism_n of_o state_n destructive_a to_o the_o government_n of_o this_o kingdom_n let_v the_o reader_n please_v to_o peruse_v the_o ensue_a particular_n and_o thence_o conclude_v as_o he_o shall_v see_v cause_n it_o will_v easy_o be_v grant_v that_o the_o title_n of_o conquest_n be_v never_o further_o than_o the_o king_n thought_n if_o it_o ever_o enter_v therein_o else_o wherefore_o do_v he_o pretend_v other_o title_n to_o the_o world_n but_o because_o it_o may_v be_v think_v that_o his_o wisdom_n will_v not_o suffer_v he_o to_o pretend_v what_o he_o intend_v and_o yet_o in_o practice_n intend_v not_o at_o what_o he_o do_v pretend_v it_o will_v be_v the_o skill_n of_o the_o reader_n to_o consider_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o first_o william_n coronation_n and_o his_o succeed_a government_n his_o coronation_n questionless_a be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o the_o ancient_a saxon_a king_n for_o he_o be_v crown_v in_o the_o abbey_n of_o westminster_n by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o york_n because_o he_o of_o canterbury_n be_v not_o canonical_a at_o his_o coronation_n he_o make_v a_o solemn_a covenant_n to_o observe_v those_o law_n which_o be_v bonae_fw-la &_o approbatae_fw-la &_o antique_a leges_fw-la regni_fw-la 190._o hoveden_n eadmer_n hist_o l._n 1._o p._n 13._o m._n paris_n vit_fw-fr gulielm_n malmsb_n l._n 3._o for_n 154._o wigorn._n an._n 1066._o glossar_n ll._n gul._n spicil_n 190._o to_o defend_v the_o church_n and_o church_n man_n to_o govern_v all_o the_o people_n just_o to_o make_v and_o maintain_v righteous_a law_n and_o to_o inhibit_v all_o spoil_n and_o unjust_a judgement_n the_o people_n also_o enter_v into_o covenant_n with_o he_o that_o as_o well_o within_o the_o land_n as_o without_o they_o will_v be_v faithful_a to_o their_o lord_n king_n william_n and_o in_o every_o place_n to_o keep_v with_o all_o fidelity_n his_o land_n and_o honour_n together_o with_o he_o and_o against_o enemy_n and_o stranger_n to_o defend_v it_o be_v the_o selfsame_o in_o substance_n with_o the_o fealty_n that_o the_o saxon_n make_v to_o their_o king_n as_o will_v appear_v by_o the_o paralel_v they_o both_o together_o the_o saxon_n be_v swear_v to_o defend_v the_o kingdom_n against_o stranger_n and_o enemy_n together_o with_o their_o lord_n the_o king_n and_o to_o preserve_v his_o land_n and_o honour_n together_o with_o he_o with_o all_o faithfulness_n so_o as_o by_o the_o saxon_a way_n the_o allegiance_n first_o terminate_v on_o the_o kingdom_n and_o then_o as_o in_o order_n thereunto_o upon_o the_o king_n with_o his_o land_n and_o honour_n but_o the_o norman_a either_o whole_o omit_v the_o first_o as_o needless_a to_o be_v insert_v in_o a_o municipal_a law_n itself_o be_v a_o law_n in_o nature_n or_o else_o include_v all_o within_o the_o word_n land_n and_o honour_n take_v the_o same_o in_o a_o comprehensive_a sense_n for_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o so_o make_v up_o the_o sum_n of_o the_o saxon_a fealty_n in_o few_o figure_n which_o may_v seem_v the_o more_o probable_a of_o the_o twain_o because_o little_a reason_n can_v be_v render_v why_o the_o king_n shall_v restrain_v that_o defence_n to_o his_o private_a land_n if_o he_o claim_v all_o by_o conquest_n when_o as_o all_o equal_o concern_v he_o or_o why_o he_o shall_v exclude_v the_o public_a when_o as_o both_o himself_o and_o all_o he_o have_v be_v embark_v therein_o and_o it_o may_v subsist_v without_o he_o but_o contrary_o not_o he_o without_o it_o appear_v not_o to_o my_o understanding_n nor_o do_v the_o thing_n enter_v into_o the_o king_n purpose_n if_o the_o file_n of_o his_o purpose_n be_v right_o consider_v for_o speak_v concern_v castle_n burrough_n and_o city_n which_o be_v in_o nature_n of_o limb_n of_o the_o commonweal_n he_o say_v that_o they_o be_v build_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o people_n and_o kingdom_n be_v this_o the_o service_n of_o wall_n and_o fortification_n 61._o ll._n gul._n spicil_n 61._o and_o not_o much_o rather_o of_o man_n within_o those_o place_n of_o strength_n certain_o the_o plain_a english_a be_v that_o in_o time_n of_o breach_n of_o public_a quiet_a and_o peace_n the_o subject_n be_v bind_v to_o defend_v the_o kingdom_n and_o in_o order_n thereto_o the_o people_n of_o the_o same_o and_o of_o the_o king_n right_o include_v in_o the_o public_a defence_n else_o it_o be_v a_o strange_a conclusion_n that_o each_o man_n in_o particular_a and_o in_o their_o own_o person_n alone_o be_v bind_v to_o defend_v the_o king_n right_a but_o be_v embody_a the_o kingdom_n and_o yet_o more_o clear_o its_o apparent_a in_o that_o the_o service_n of_o the_o order_n of_o knighthood_n which_o be_v the_o chief_a strength_n of_o the_o nation_n in_o those_o day_n be_v determine_v upon_o the_o service_n of_o the_o king_n 1213._o m._n paris_n an._n 1100_o 1213._o and_o defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o which_o be_v more_o plain_a for_o the_o service_n of_o the_o king_n in_o or_o for_o defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o the_o statute_n of_o mortmain_n expound_v the_o same_o 1._o stat._n 7._o e._n 1._o but_o not_o to_o force_v the_o king_n sense_n by_o argument_n if_o the_o king_n have_v purposely_o omit_v that_o clause_n of_o the_o kingdom_n safety_n as_o of_o inferior_a regard_n to_o his_o own_o personal_a interest_n it_o be_v one_o of_o his_o rashe_v digression_n wherein_o he_o soon_o espy_v his_o error_n for_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o his_o strong_a and_o conquer_a army_n he_o hold_v himself_o unassure_v unless_o he_o have_v a_o better_a foundation_n then_o that_o which_o must_v change_v with_o the_o life_n of_o a_o few_o at_o the_o utmost_a and_o therefore_o beside_o the_o oath_n of_o fealty_n former_o mention_v he_o establish_v a_o law_n of_o association_n that_o all_o free_a man_n shall_v be_v swear_v brethren_n 59_o ll._n gulielm_n spicil_n 59_o 1._o to_o defend_v the_o kingdom_n with_o their_o life_n and_o fortune_n against_o all_o enemy_n to_o the_o utmost_a of_o their_o power_n 2._o to_o keep_v the_o peace_n and_o dignity_n of_o the_o crown_n 3._o to_o maintain_v right_a and_o justice_n by_o all_o mean_n without_o deceit_n and_o delay_n join_v then_o these_o two_o oath_n together_o viz._n that_o of_o fealty_n and_o this_o of_o fraternity_n and_o it_o will_v easy_o appear_v that_o the_o allegiance_n of_o the_o english_a to_o the_o norman_a king_n be_v no_o other_o than_o what_o may_v stand_v with_o brotherhood_n and_o tender_a regard_n of_o the_o public_a above_o all_o and_o differ_v from_o the_o saxon_a fealty_n only_o in_o this_o that_o that_o be_v in_o one_o oath_n &_o this_o in_o two_o wherefore_o whatsoever_o respect_v steer_v in_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o king_n course_n it_o be_v less_o material_a so_o long_o as_o the_o van_n be_v right_a albeit_o that_o the_o sequel_n will_v prove_v not_o much_o different_a from_o the_o premise_n as_o will_v appear_v in_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o whole_a account_n thus_o enter_v the_o first_o norman_n upon_o the_o saxon_a throne_n and_o as_o he_o have_v some_o colour_n of_o right_a to_o countenance_v his_o course_n rufus_n william_n rufus_n so_o have_v his_o son_n his_o father_n last_o will_n and_o yet_o he_o have_v as_o little_a right_n as_o he_o this_o be_v william_n rufus_n that_o be_v of_o his_o father_n way_n but_o of_o a_o deep_o die_v and_o therefore_o may_v well_o be_v call_v william_n rufus_n or_o william_n in_o grain_n he_o be_v exceed_v happy_a in_o the_o fear_n or_o favour_n of_o the_o
law_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o concern_v the_o county_n court_n which_o recite_v it_o as_o a_o custom_n in_o his_o time_n use_v 7._o ll._n hen._n 1._o c._n 7._o that_o the_o bishop_n and_o earl_n with_o other_o the_o chief_a man_n of_o that_o county_n be_v there_o present_a as_o assistant_n in_o directory_n of_o judgement_n and_o that_o in_o order_n be_v handle_v first_o matter_n of_o the_o church_n second_o crown_n plea_n three_o and_o last_o common_a plea_n however_o therefore_o the_o king_n speak_v fair_a they_o either_o act_v not_o at_o all_o or_o so_o cooly_a as_o the_o current_n of_o the_o custom_n be_v too_o strong_a but_o most_o probable_a it_o be_v that_o the_o king_n speak_v fair_a till_o they_o be_v settle_v in_o their_o throne_n and_o afterward_o please_v themselves_o for_o by_o the_o general_a thread_n of_o story_n it_o may_v appear_v that_o the_o clergy_n in_o those_o time_n be_v more_o fear_v then_o love_v and_o therefore_o riden_v with_o a_o straight_a rein_fw-mi the_o prelacy_n on_o the_o contrary_n grow_v unruly_a yet_o too_o weak_a for_o the_o rugged_a spirit_n of_o the_o norman_a king_n they_o be_v glad_a to_o be_v quiet_a and_o the_o pope_n himself_o to_o drive_v fair_a and_o soft_o as_o judge_v it_o expedient_a potestatem_fw-la regalem_fw-la mitius_fw-la tractandam_fw-la 9_o greg_n epist_n l._n 9_o and_o continue_v that_o course_n and_o posture_n till_o the_o calm_a time_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o 95._o eadmer_n hist_o l._n 4_o p._n 95._o wherein_o they_o mend_v their_o pace_n and_o get_v that_o without_o noise_n which_o they_o have_v long_o strive_v for_o viz._n the_o preeminence_n and_o presidency_n in_o the_o synod_n though_o the_o king_n himself_o be_v present_a and_o if_o the_o historian_n write_v advise_o the_o whole_a ordain_v or_o legislative_a power_n for_o so_o run_v the_o stile_n or_o phrase_n of_o the_o author_n archiepiscopi_fw-la &_o episcopi_fw-la statuerunt_fw-la in_o praesentia_fw-la regis_fw-la as_o if_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o king_n and_o his_o baron_n and_o people_n be_v but_o as_o a_o great_a amen_o at_o the_o common_a prayer_n after_o the_o old_a stamp_n to_o set_v a_o good_a colour_n upon_o a_o doubtful_a matter_n to_o make_v it_o go_v down_o the_o better_a how_o the_o king_n brook_v this_o draught_n i_o can_v say_v but_o it_o have_v make_v the_o kingdom_n stagger_v ever_o since_o and_o it_o may_v be_v fear_v will_v hardly_o recover_v its_o perfect_a wit_n so_o long_o as_o the_o brain_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o the_o laity_n thus_o lie_v divide_v in_o several_a cels._n chap._n xlviii_o of_o the_o several_a subservient_fw-fr jurisdiction_n by_o province_n march_n county_n hundred_o burrough_n lordship_n and_o decennary_n have_v the_o norman_n own_v no_o other_o title_n then_o that_o of_o conquest_n doubtless_o their_o mother_n wit_n must_v needs_o have_v teach_v they_o the_o expediency_n of_o preserve_v the_o particular_a subservient_fw-fr jurisdiction_n of_o the_o kingdom_n entire_a and_o unquash_v if_o they_o regard_v either_o the_o benefit_n of_o their_o conquest_n or_o reward_v of_o their_o partner_n and_o ally_n unless_o it_o shall_v be_v allow_v unto_o conquerous_a to_o be_v more_o honourable_a for_o they_o to_o do_v what_o they_o will_v rather_o than_o what_o be_v meet_v but_o hereof_o there_o be_v no_o cause_n of_o question_n in_o this_o present_a subject_n for_o nothing_o be_v more_o clear_a than_o that_o wales_n enjoy_v in_o the_o conqueror_n time_n and_o for_o age_n after_o he_o its_o ancient_a liberty_n tribute_n except_v nor_o do_v conquest_n ever_o come_v so_o nigh_o to_o their_o border_n as_o to_o trench_v upon_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o march_n for_o as_o it_o have_v be_v a_o piece_n of_o state_n nonsense_n to_o have_v hold_v two_o people_n under_o conquest_n and_o their_o march_n in_o freedom_n or_o to_o preserve_v they_o in_o good_a neighbourhood_n by_o march_n which_o by_o the_o law_n of_o conquest_n be_v make_v one_o so_o be_v it_o no_o less_o vain_a if_o all_o have_v be_v once_o subdue_v by_o conquest_n to_o have_v raise_v up_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o march_v any_o more_o and_o as_o they_o have_v less_o cause_n to_o have_v invade_v the_o bound_n and_o ancient_a limit_n and_o partition_n of_o the_o county_n court_n county_z court_n so_o questionless_a have_v they_o so_o do_v they_o will_v have_v take_v the_o old_a course_n of_o the_o micklemote_a 96._o eadmer_n hist_o l._n 4._o p._n 96._o as_o they_o do_v divide_v the_o diocese_n of_o lincoln_n into_o two_o diocese_n by_o advice_n of_o the_o bishop_n prince_n and_o other_o wise_a and_o holy_a man_n 6._o ll._n hen._n 1._o c._n 6._o and_o turn_v the_o abbey_n of_o ely_n into_o a_o bishop_n see_n but_o it_o be_v their_o wisdom_n to_o preserve_v the_o ancient_a landmark_n and_o no_o less_o both_o wisdom_n and_o care_n to_o continue_v their_o due_a privilege_n and_o interest_n to_o each_o every_o county_n have_v its_o court_n 42._o ll._n gulielm_n cap._n 41._o &_o 42._o and_o every_o court_n its_o wont_a jurisdiction_n no_o complaint_n must_v be_v to_o the_o king_n court_n if_o right_o may_v be_v do_v in_o the_o county_n no_o distress_n must_v be_v take_v but_o by_o warrant_n from_o the_o county_n and_o that_o must_v be_v after_o complaint_n thrice_o make_v the_o county_n court_n must_v be_v call_v as_o our_o ancestor_n have_v appoint_v 64._o ll._n gulielm_n cap._n 64._o such_o as_o will_v not_o come_v as_o they_o ought_v shall_v be_v first_o summon_v and_o in_o case_n of_o default_n destrain_v at_o the_o four_o default_n the_o complainant_n shall_v be_v satisfy_v out_o of_o the_o distress_n so_o take_v and_o the_o king_n also_o for_o his_o fine_a these_o be_v the_o express_a law_n of_o the_o conqueror_n own_o establishment_n 64._o ibid._n c._n 64._o the_o last_o of_o which_o also_o be_v confirm_v by_o another_o express_a law_n save_v that_o he_o will_v allow_v but_o of_o two_o summons_n and_o two_o distress_n before_o execution_n and_o as_o it_o be_v one_o principal_a work_n that_o he_o undertake_v to_o reduce_v the_o law_n into_o course_n which_o have_v be_v intermit_v during_o the_o violent_a time_n of_o his_o father_n and_o brother_n the_o first_o of_o who_o never_o have_v liberty_n for_o reformation_n and_o the_o latter_a never_o have_v will_n so_o among_o other_o law_n he_o settle_v those_o concern_v the_o county_n court_n 7._o ll._n hen._n 1._o c._n 7._o namely_o that_o the_o bishop_n earl_n and_o chief_a man_n shall_v be_v present_a for_o direction_n 2._o that_o it_o shall_v be_v hold_v once_o each_o month_n 3._o that_o the_o church_n matter_n shall_v precede_v and_o then_o the_o crown_n plea_n and_o last_o the_o common_a plea_n beside_o some_o other_o particular_n concern_v plead_v and_o proceed_n in_o the_o handle_n of_o cause_n neither_o be_v these_o cause_n of_o a_o petty_a regard_n only_o but_o of_o great_a concernment_n one_o example_n i_o shall_v remember_v the_o reader_n of_o 197._o epicil_n 197._o and_o not_o recite_v in_o terminis_fw-la but_o refer_v to_o mr_n selden_n own_o pen._n the_o occasion_n be_v this_o odo_n the_o conqueror_n half_a brother_n be_v by_o he_o make_v earl_n of_o kent_n and_o therewith_o have_v the_o gift_n of_o a_o large_a teritory_n in_o kent_n and_o take_v advantage_n of_o the_o king_n displeasure_n at_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n stigand_n stigand_n possess_v himself_o by_o disseisin_n of_o divers_a land_n and_o tenement_n belong_v to_o that_o see_v lanfrank_n the_o succeed_a archbishop_n be_v inform_v hereof_o petition_v to_o the_o king_n that_o justice_n may_v be_v do_v he_o secundum_fw-la legem_fw-la terrae_fw-la and_o the_o king_n send_v forth_o his_o writ_n to_o summon_v a_o county_n court_n the_o debate_n last_v three_o day_n before_o the_o free_a man_n of_o the_o county_n of_o kent_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o many_o chief_a man_n bishop_n and_o lord_n and_o other_o skilful_a in_o the_o law_n and_o the_o judgement_n pass_v for_o the_o archbishop_n lanfrank_n upon_o the_o vote_n of_o the_o free_a man_n this_o county_n court_n be_v hold_v by_o special_a summons_n and_o not_o by_o adjournment_n as_o be_v allowable_a by_o the_o saxon_a law_n upon_o special_a occasion_n and_o this_o suit_n be_v original_o begin_v and_o have_v its_o final_a determination_n in_o the_o county_n court_n and_o not_o bring_v by_o a_o tolt_n out_o of_o the_o hundred_o court_n as_o be_v suppose_v by_o a_o honourable_a reporter_n nor_o by_o the_o ancient_a law_n can_v the_o suit_n commence_v in_o the_o hundred_o because_o the_o land_n and_o tenement_n do_v lie_v in_o several_a hundred_o and_o county_n the_o upshot_n of_o all_o be_v that_o the_o county_n court_v in_o those_o day_n be_v of_o so_o great_a esteem_n that_o two_o of_o the_o great_a peer_n of_o the_o realm_n one_o a_o norman_a the_o other_o a_o italian_a do_v cast_v a_o title_n
the_o clergyman_n then_o his_o richard_n be_v yet_o a_o great_a burden_n his_o reign_n be_v troublesome_a to_o he_o and_o he_o deserve_v it_o for_o from_o the_o begin_n thereof_o to_o the_o end_n can_v never_o the_o guilt_n of_o his_o disobedience_n to_o his_o father_n be_v blot_v out_o but_o it_o be_v more_o troublesome_a to_o the_o people_n because_o it_o cost_v so_o much_o treasure_n be_v manage_v by_o such_o ill_a governor_n except_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o be_v unsuccesfull_a in_o most_o of_o his_o undertake_n yet_o never_o invade_v the_o liberty_n of_o the_o commons_o by_o any_o face_n of_o prerogative_n but_o what_o want_v in_o he_o be_v make_v complete_a and_o run_v over_o in_o his_o successor_n john_n who_o to_o speak_v in_o the_o most_o moderate_a sense_n of_o his_o government_n be_v give_v over_o to_o himself_o when_o he_o be_v not_o himself_o rob_v the_o lord_n of_o their_o authority_n bereave_v the_o church_n of_o its_o right_n tread_v under_o foot_n the_o liberty_n of_o the_o people_n waste_v his_o own_o prerogative_n and_o have_v bring_v all_o thing_n into_o despair_n come_v a_o desperate_a cure_n the_o head_n be_v cut_v off_o to_o save_v the_o body_n and_o a_o precedent_n leave_v for_o they_o that_o listen_v to_o take_v it_o up_o in_o future_a age_n and_o thus_o that_o which_o steven_n give_v henry_n the_o second_o lose_v richard_n the_o first_o will_v not_o regain_v and_o john_n can_v not_o and_o so_o all_o be_v gainer_n but_o the_o crown_n chap._n lxi_o of_o judicature_n the_o court_n and_o their_o judge_n it_o be_v no_o silent_a argument_n that_o the_o commons_o gain_v where_o law_n grow_v into_o course_n and_o it_o be_v the_o lot_n of_o these_o troublesome_a time_n to_o lay_v a_o foundation_n of_o a_o constant_a government_n such_o as_o all_o man_n may_v learn_v which_o former_o be_v lay_v up_o only_o in_o the_o breast_n of_o wise_a experience_a man_n the_o two_o most_o considerable_a point_n in_o government_n be_v the_o law_n and_o the_o execution_n the_o latter_a be_v the_o life_n of_o the_o former_a and_o that_o of_o the_o commonweal_n i_o say_v not_o that_o the_o law_n be_v augment_v in_o the_o body_n of_o it_o or_o that_o the_o execution_n have_v a_o free_a course_n than_o in_o the_o best_a of_o the_o former_a time_n but_o both_o be_v more_o and_o more_o clear_v to_o the_o world_n in_o many_o particular_n as_o well_o touch_v matter_n concern_v practice_n of_o the_o law_n as_o touch_v rule_n of_o righteousness_n for_o the_o first_o whereof_o we_o be_v behold_v to_o glanvile_n in_o henry_n the_o second_o time_n and_o for_o the_o latter_a to_o king_n john_n or_o rather_o the_o baron_n in_o his_o time_n in_o the_o publish_n of_o the_o grand_a charter_n or_o a_o enumeration_n of_o the_o liberty_n or_o custom_n of_o the_o people_n derive_v from_o the_o saxon_n revive_v continue_a and_o confirm_v by_o the_o norman_n and_o their_o successor_n which_o for_o the_o present_a i_o shall_v leave_v in_o lance_n dubio_fw-la to_o stand_v or_o fall_v till_o occasion_n shall_v be_v of_o clear_v the_o point_n in_o regard_n that_o king_n john_n soon_o repent_v of_o his_o oath_n the_o bond_n of_o his_o consent_n and_o to_o heal_v the_o wound_n get_v the_o pope_n pardon_n and_o blessing_n thereupon_o so_o easy_a a_o thing_n it_o be_v for_o a_o son_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n to_o pass_v for_o a_o good_a catholic_a in_o a_o unrighteous_a way_n the_o execution_n of_o the_o law_n be_v do_v in_o several_a court_n according_a to_o the_o several_a kind_n of_o affair_n whereof_o some_o concern_v matter_n of_o crime_n &_o penalty_n and_o this_o touch_v the_o king_n honour_n and_o safety_n of_o the_o person_n of_o himself_o and_o his_o subject_n and_o therefore_o be_v say_v to_o be_v contra_fw-la coronam_fw-la &_o dignitatem_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o second_o sort_n concern_v the_o profit_n of_o the_o crown_n or_o treasure_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o three_o concern_v the_o safety_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o people_n these_o three_o work_n be_v appoint_v unto_o three_o several_a court_n who_o have_v their_o several_a judge_n especial_o appoint_v to_o that_o work_n original_o they_o be_v in_o one_o viz._n in_o the_o supreme_a court_n of_o judicature_n the_o court_n of_o lord_n whereof_o former_o be_v speak_v but_o after_o through_o increase_n of_o affair_n by_o they_o depute_v or_o commit_v to_o the_o care_n of_o several_a man_n that_o be_v man_n of_o skill_n in_o such_o affair_n and_o yet_o retain_v the_o supremacy_n in_o all_o such_o cause_n still_o and_o because_o that_o which_o concern_v the_o public_a treasure_n be_v of_o more_o public_a regard_n then_o the_o other_o the_o deputation_n thereof_o be_v commit_v probable_o to_o some_o of_o their_o own_o member_n gloss_n gloss_n who_o in_o those_o day_n be_v baron_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o afterward_o retain_v the_o title_n but_o not_o the_o degree_n and_o therefore_o be_v call_v for_o distinction_n sake_n baron_n of_o the_o exchequer_n the_o particular_a time_n of_o these_o deputation_n appear_v not_o clear_o out_o of_o any_o monument_n of_o antiquity_n nevertheless_o it_o be_v clear_a to_o i_o that_o it_o be_v before_o henry_n the_o second_o time_n as_o well_o because_o henry_n the_o first_o have_v his_o judex_n fiscalis_fw-la 24._o ll._n hen._n 1._o c_o 24._o as_o glanvile_n so_o frequent_o touch_v upon_o the_o king_n court_n of_o plea_n which_o can_v be_v intend_v at_o the_o court_n of_o lord_n for_o that_o in_o those_o day_n be_v never_o summon_v but_o in_o time_n of_o parliament_n or_o some_o other_o special_a occasion_n but_o more_o principal_o because_o the_o historian_n speak_v of_o the_o judge_n itinerant_a recite_v some_o to_o be_v of_o the_o common_a plea_n hoveden_n hoveden_n which_o show_v that_o there_o be_v in_o those_o day_n a_o distinction_n of_o jurisdiction_n in_o judicature_n and_o it_o may_v very_o well_o be_v conceive_v that_o this_o distinction_n of_o judicature_n be_v by_o advice_n of_o the_o parliament_n after_o that_o the_o grand_a council_n of_o lord_n be_v lay_v aside_o by_o king_n and_o a_o privy_a council_n take_v up_o unto_o who_o can_v not_o regular_o belong_v any_o juridical_a power_n because_o that_o remain_v original_o in_o the_o grand_a assembly_n of_o the_o lord_n over_o these_o court_n or_o two_o of_o they_o one_o man_n have_v the_o prime_a title_n of_o chief_a justice_n who_o then_o be_v call_v lord_n chief_a justice_n of_o england_n and_o who_o office_n be_v much_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o king_n lieutenant_n in_o all_o cause_n and_o place_n as_o well_o in_o war_n as_o peace_n and_o sometime_o be_v appoint_v to_o one_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o by_o reason_n thereof_o have_v the_o name_n only_o of_o that_o part_n and_o some_o other_o of_o the_o other_o part_n the_o greatness_n of_o this_o office_n be_v such_o as_o the_o man_n for_o necessity_n of_o state_n be_v continual_o resident_a at_o the_o court_n and_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o king_n court_n be_v much_o attend_v by_o all_o sort_n of_o person_n which_o prove_v in_o after_o time_n as_o grievous_a to_o the_o king_n as_o it_o be_v burdensome_a to_o the_o people_n other_o judge_n there_o be_v which_o be_v choose_v for_o their_o learning_n and_o experience_n most_o of_o they_o be_v of_o the_o clergy_n as_o be_v also_o the_o under_o officer_n of_o those_o court_n for_o those_o time_n be_v rome_n hour_n and_o the_o power_n of_o darkness_n other_o court_n also_o be_v in_o the_o country_n and_o be_v vicontiel_n or_o cours_n of_o sheriff_n and_o lord_n of_o hundred_o and_o corporation_n and_o lordship_n as_o former_o and_o these_o be_v settle_v in_o some_o place_n hoveden_n hoveden_n but_o other_o there_o be_v which_o werr_v itinerant_a over_o which_o certain_a judge_n preside_v which_o be_v elect_v by_o the_o grand_a council_n of_o lord_n and_o send_v by_o commission_n from_o king_n henry_n the_o second_o throughout_o the_o kingdom_n then_o divide_v into_o six_o circuit_n unto_o each_o of_o which_o be_v assign_v three_o justice_n so_o as_o the_o whole_a number_n of_o justice_n than_o be_v eighteen_o the_o office_n be_v before_o the_o come_n of_o the_o saxon_n over_o hither_o but_o the_o assignation_n be_v new_a as_o also_o be_v their_o oath_n for_o they_o be_v swear_v but_o the_o number_n continue_v not_o long_o for_o within_o four_o year_n the_o king_n redivide_v the_o land_n into_o four_o circuit_n and_o unto_o each_o circuit_n assign_v five_o justice_n make_v in_o the_o whole_a the_o number_n of_o twenty_o and_o one_o justice_n for_o the_o northern_a circuit_n have_v six_o justice_n which_o the_o king_n make_v justice_n of_o the_o common_a plea_n throughout_o the_o kingdom_n 445._o hoveden_n 337._o ibid._n 445._o neither_o yet_o do_v the_o first_o commission_n continue_v so_o long_o
in_o edward_n the_o fir_v time_n by_o the_o ordinance_n of_o circumspect_a agatis_fw-la and_o article_n concern_v prohibition_n the_o difference_n be_v make_v between_o damage_n and_o pray_v reformatione_fw-la and_o the_o same_o affirm_v by_o this_o law_n and_o so_o the_o matter_n settle_v and_o the_o four_o article_n of_o the_o clergy_n complaint_n in_o some_o measure_n satisfy_v 4._o cap._n 4._o defamation_n within_o cognisance_n of_o the_o ecclesiastical_a court_n and_o corporal_a penance_n therefore_o and_o commutation_n the_o word_n be_v general_a and_o peremptory_a with_o a_o non_fw-la obstante_fw-la the_o king_n prohibition_n and_o yet_o the_o law_n afterward_o restrain_v the_o sense_n to_o defamation_n for_o crime_n or_o offence_n triable_a in_o the_o ecclesiastical_a court_n and_o this_o give_v further_a satisfactin_n to_o the_o four_o article_n of_o the_o clergy_n complaint_n forego_v 5._o cap._n 5._o tithe_n of_o new_a mill_n may_v be_v recover_v in_o the_o ecclesiastical_a court_n this_o tithe_n of_o mils_n be_v a_o new_a encroach_v tithe_n never_o mention_v in_o any_o former_a law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n nor_o demand_v by_o the_o synod_n at_o london_n anno_fw-la 1173._o which_v mention_n fruit_n tree_n young_a brood_n of_o live_a creature_n that_o be_v tame_a herbage_n butter_n cheese_n with_o other_o particular_n but_o mention_n not_o new_a mils_n it_o be_v true_a that_o ancient_o mill_n pay_v tithe_n but_o such_o they_o be_v which_o be_v ancient_a and_o have_v pay_v the_o same_o by_o custom_n and_o such_o as_o by_o law_n in_o the_o confessor_n time_n be_v declare_v to_o be_v give_v a_o rege_fw-la baronibus_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la but_o by_o the_o second_o article_n of_o the_o clergy_n complaint_n next_o forego_v it_o appear_v that_o the_o king_n mill_n refuse_v to_o pay_v this_o tithe_n now_o whether_o the_o new_a mill_n be_v call_v the_o king_n mill_n as_o be_v make_v upon_o the_o public_a stream_n by_o the_o king_n licence_n or_o whether_o the_o mill_n new_o make_v within_o the_o demesne_n of_o the_o crown_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v insist_v upon_o but_o its_o evident_a that_o till_o this_o law_n make_v the_o new_a mill_n will_v not_o tithe_v their_o labour_n one_o and_o the_o same_o matter_n may_v be_v try_v at_o the_o common_a law_n after_o sentence_n in_o the_o spiritual_a court_n in_o divers_a respect_n 6._o cap._n 6._o the_o great_a sore_n that_o be_v complain_v of_o be_v that_o the_o clergy_n after_o purgation_n in_o the_o ecclesiastical_a court_n make_v be_v proceed_v against_o in_o the_o king_n court_n in_o case_n of_o breach_n of_o peace_n or_o felony_n as_o may_v appear_v out_o of_o the_o 16_o article_n of_o the_o clergy_n first_o complaint_n and_o the_o 8_o article_n of_o that_o take_v out_o of_o baronius_n nevertheless_o the_o present_a law_n subjoin_v a_o example_n of_o the_o question_v a_o lay_v man_n in_o the_o ecclesiastical_a court_n in_o case_n of_o violence_n do_v to_o a_o clerk_n as_o a_o matter_n which_o may_v be_v try_v in_o the_o ecclesiastical_a court_n and_o yet_o review_v by_o the_o king_n court_n the_o writ_n de_fw-fr excommunicato_fw-la deliberando_fw-la shall_v not_o issue_v forth_o but_o upon_o evident_a breach_n of_o the_o king_n liberty_n 7._o cap._n 7._o this_o may_v be_v intend_v in_o satisfaction_n of_o the_o ten_o article_n of_o the_o clergy_n complaint_n in_o baronius_n and_o the_o ten_o article_n in_o the_o clergy_n complaint_n first_o recite_v although_o that_o complaint_n both_o in_o the_o 10_o 11_o 12_o and_o 33_o article_n seem_v to_o be_v but_o clamour_n upon_o officer_n and_o not_o the_o king_n court_n of_o justice_n clerk_n officer_n to_o the_o exchequer_n be_v to_o be_v correct_v by_o their_o ordinary_n 8._o cap._n 8._o and_o yet_o not_o tie_v to_o residence_n during_o their_o attendance_n on_o the_o exchequer_n this_o be_v in_o part_n a_o answer_n to_o the_o second_o article_n of_o the_o clergy_n last_o complaint_n and_o a_o justification_n thereof_o as_o a_o thing_n that_o be_v pro_fw-la bono_fw-mi publico_fw-la clergy_n man_n good_n shall_v not_o be_v distrain_v either_o in_o the_o high_a way_n or_o sanctuary_n ground_n 9_o cap._n 9_o unless_o such_o as_o have_v be_v of_o late_a purchase_n the_o complaint_n exhibit_v in_o henry_n the_o three_o time_n and_o the_o 8_o article_n be_v only_o in_o ordinary_a personal_a action_n but_o in_o the_o complaint_n make_v in_o edward_n the_o second_o time_n article_n 12._o be_v that_o it_o be_v without_o cause_n that_o they_o be_v so_o distrain_v this_o law_n yield_v they_o somewhat_o viz._n immunity_n from_o distress_n within_o their_o ancient_a possession_n which_o have_v be_v by_o ancient_a custom_n privilege_v but_o yield_v nothing_o as_o touch_v their_o latter_a purchase_a land_n because_o they_o have_v no_o such_o custom_n 10._o cap._n 10._o high_a way_n and_o sanctuary_n shall_v be_v free_a for_o such_o as_o abjure_v so_o as_o they_o shall_v neither_o be_v restrain_v from_o liberty_n nor_o necessary_n keep_v from_o they_o felon_n may_v make_v free_a confession_n to_o the_o priest_n without_o danger_n the_o grievance_n in_o the_o 22_o article_n of_o the_o clergy_n complaint_n in_o henry_n the_o three_o time_n and_o the_o nine_o in_o that_o of_o the_o time_n of_o edw._n 2._o be_v hereby_o relieve_v provide_v that_o the_o delinquent_n keep_v himself_o in_o due_a order_n 11._o cap._n 11._o house_n of_o religion_n shall_v not_o be_v oppress_v with_o corody_n pension_n or_o entertainment_n of_o great_a man_n this_o answer_v the_o grievance_n in_o the_o 42_o and_o 43_o of_o the_o first_o complaint_n and_o the_o 18_o of_o the_o latter_a and_o in_o effect_n little_a other_o then_o what_o be_v former_o settle_v by_o west_n 1._o cap._n 1._o 12._o cap._n 12._o the_o king_n tenant_n may_v be_v cite_v before_o the_o ordinary_a out_o of_o their_o own_o town_n and_o if_o excommunicate_v for_o want_n of_o appearance_n the_o writ_n de_fw-fr excommunicato_fw-la capiendo_fw-la shall_v be_v award_v a_o remedy_n this_o be_v against_o the_o grievance_n in_o the_o 12_o and_o 33_o article_n of_o the_o first_o complaint_n and_o in_o the_o 10_o article_n of_o the_o last_o schedule_n of_o complaint_n and_o thus_o the_o clergy_n have_v get_v the_o day_n of_o the_o king_n tenant_n which_o they_o have_v be_v strive_v for_o ever_o since_o the_o conquest_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o what_o have_v be_v former_o say_v and_o now_o the_o king_n tenant_n be_v in_o no_o better_a condition_n than_o other_o man_n viz._n they_o may_v now_o be_v excommunicate_v without_o the_o king_n licence_n nor_o be_v the_o answer_n nunquam_fw-la fuit_fw-la negatum_fw-la to_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o point_n of_o excommunication_n for_o that_o power_n be_v deny_v they_o but_o unto_o the_o cite_n they_o out_o of_o their_o own_o parish_n which_o can_v be_v find_v to_o be_v deny_v to_o the_o clergy_n by_o any_o thing_n that_o yet_o appear_v a_o clerk_n present_v and_o find_v unable_a by_o the_o ordinary_n shall_v be_v try_v again_o by_o the_o ecclesiastical_a 13._o cap._n 13._o and_o not_o the_o lay_v judge_n although_o the_o fitness_n or_o sufficiency_n of_o the_o party_n present_v be_v to_o be_v examine_v by_o the_o ordinary_a yet_o the_o civil_a magistrate_n have_v power_n in_o action_n bring_v to_o inquire_v and_o determine_v whether_o the_o ordinary_n work_n be_v right_o do_v and_o so_o the_o 17_o article_n of_o the_o last_o complaint_n answer_v election_n shall_v be_v free_a 14._o cap._n 14._o the_o law_n be_v of_o the_o same_o with_o this_o in_o the_o stat._n w._n 1._o cap._n 5._o which_o see_v before_o and_o it_o may_v be_v that_o the_o iniquity_n of_o the_o time_n continue_v notwithstanding_o and_o so_o occasion_v the_o renew_n of_o this_o law_n a_o clerk_n have_v take_v sanctuary_n shall_v not_o be_v compel_v to_o abjure_v 15._o cap._n 15._o nor_o after_o confession_n of_o the_o crime_n 16._o cap._n 16._o or_o appeal_n other_o before_o the_o secular_a judge_n shall_v be_v deny_v his_o clergy_n although_o the_o temporal_a court_n proceed_v not_o so_o far_o as_o to_o pass_v sentence_n against_o a_o clerk_n that_o have_v take_v sanctuary_n yet_o they_o proceed_v to_o inquiry_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o what_o be_v say_v former_o concern_v the_o stat._n west_n 1._o cap._n 2._o and_o therefore_o though_o this_o law_n in_o the_o 15_o chap._n allow_v that_o a_o clerk_n in_o sanctuary_n shall_v enjoy_v his_o ecclesiastical_a liberty_n yet_o the_o word_n legi_fw-la regni_fw-la se_fw-la reddens_fw-la be_v interpose_v and_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o the_o king_n upon_o indictment_n find_v have_v right_a to_o the_o delinquent_n good_n and_o profit_n of_o his_o land_n until_o due_a purgation_n 34._o 7_o e._n 2._o fi_n tit_n forfeiture_n 34._o and_o then_o his_o land_n be_v by_o a_o writ_n out_o of_o the_o chancery_n to_o be_v restore_v to_o he_o again_o nor_o can_v any_o purgation_n regular_o
pass_v before_o the_o party_n be_v indict_v 1._o stat._n the_o asport_n relig_n 35_o e._n 1._o no_o religious_a house_n shall_v be_v charge_v with_o tax_n to_o any_o superior_a without_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n nor_o shall_v send_v to_o any_o visitation_n out_o of_o england_n this_o be_v neither_o at_o the_o request_n of_o the_o clergy_n nor_o act_n of_o kindness_n intend_v unto_o they_o but_o for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o prevent_v the_o bleed_a of_o the_o treasure_n of_o the_o kingdom_n into_o foreign_a part_n 35._o mag._n carta_fw-la cap._n 35._o patron_n of_o abbey_n shall_v have_v their_o custody_n during_o their_o vacancy_n this_o be_v the_o ancient_a law_n now_o revive_v by_o the_o clergy_n consent_n and_o intend_a for_o the_o safeguard_n of_o the_o revenue_n of_o the_o house_n and_o their_o maintenance_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v with_o a_o sicut_fw-la superius_fw-la dictum_fw-la est_fw-la cap._n 5._o 2._o stat._n de_fw-fr prisis_fw-la edw._n 2._o the_o good_n of_o the_o clergy_n free_v from_o purveyance_n unless_o they_o will_n it_o be_v a_o favour_n give_v by_o edw._n 2._o to_o the_o clergy_n to_o gain_v their_o good_a will_n after_o the_o death_n of_o gaveston_n the_o shameful_a defeat_n receive_v in_o scotland_n and_o some_o particular_a testimony_n of_o god_n displeasure_n whereof_o he_o begin_v to_o be_v somewhat_o sensible_a 1._o stat._n de_fw-fr quo_fw-la warranto_fw-la 18_o edw._n 1._o franchise_n hold_v by_o prescription_n or_o charter_n confirm_v and_o trial_n by_o quo_fw-la warranto_fw-la allow_v to_o be_v in_o eyer_n it_o be_v the_o common_a share_n of_o the_o great_a man_n but_o especial_o of_o the_o clergy_n to_o have_v their_o franchise_n expose_v to_o the_o prey_n of_o the_o eagle_n or_o to_o such_o as_o hauk_v for_o they_o and_o its_o likely_a the_o king_n have_v not_o so_o easy_o forgo_v his_o prize_n if_o all_o the_o fat_a have_v fall_v to_o his_o own_o share_n but_o perceive_v that_o more_o benefit_n come_v to_o his_o instrument_n then_o be_v meet_v and_o himself_o little_a the_o better_a thereby_o he_o sacrifice_v his_o judge_n to_o the_o people_n but_o it_o be_v to_o his_o own_o behoof_n and_o so_o gain_v both_o credit_n and_o favour_n from_o the_o people_n and_o profit_n to_o himself_o and_o in_o some_o measure_n satisfy_v the_o 48_o 49_o 50._o article_n of_o the_o clergy_n complaint_n in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o and_o the_o 15_o article_n of_o their_o last_o complaint_n land_n or_o tenement_n alien_v to_o a_o religious_a house_n shall_v escheat_n to_o the_o lord_n 37._o mag._n carta_fw-la cap._n 37._o if_o the_o alienor_fw-la take_v the_o same_o back_n to_o hold_v of_o that_o house_n the_o ground_n hereof_o principal_o be_v the_o prejudice_n do_v to_o the_o lord_n by_o destruction_n of_o the_o tenure_n albeit_o that_o it_o have_v be_v a_o ancient_a grievance_n complain_v of_o in_o the_o saxon_a time_n that_o the_o clergy_n be_v covetous_a and_o swallow_v down_o estate_n and_o thereby_o weaken_v the_o kingdom_n but_o now_o they_o be_v become_v even_o cheater_n serve_v the_o turn_n of_o treacherous_a tenant_n that_o will_v give_v their_o land_n by_o compact_n with_o the_o church_n man_n to_o receive_v they_o again_o from_o they_o to_o hold_v of_o the_o church_n which_o be_v a_o liberty_n that_o man_n thirst_v after_o in_o those_o time_n wherein_o the_o church_n man_n be_v more_o adore_v than_o their_o image_n 27._o bracton_n lib._n 1._o foe_n 13._o coke_n 2._o instit_fw-la super_fw-la magna_fw-la carta_fw-la cap._n 36._o p._n 74_o &_o 75._o bracton_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 10._o foe_n 27._o it_o seem_v this_o law_n be_v make_v after_o bractons_n time_n if_o that_o be_v true_a in_o the_o second_o institute_n for_o he_o say_v that_o a_o man_n may_v give_v his_o land_n to_o any_o one_o whether_o christian_n or_o jew_n or_o religious_a person_n and_o nothing_o shall_v hinder_v it_o but_o the_o special_a reservation_n of_o the_o donor_n and_o yet_o he_o say_v that_o such_o gift_n or_o grant_n take_v not_o away_o the_o right_n of_o the_o lord_n paramount_n in_o his_o tenure_n albeit_o the_o gift_n be_v in_o free_a alm_n nevertheless_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v such_o restraint_n as_o the_o templar_n and_o hospitaller_n be_v fain_o to_o find_v out_o a_o new_a way_n which_o be_v to_o protect_v man_n tenement_n from_o execution_n of_o law_n by_o levy_v cross_n thereon_o albeit_o the_o right_a of_o the_o lord_n be_v not_o bar_v and_o therefore_o edw._n 1._o 33._o stat._n west_n 2._o cap._n 33._o provide_v a_o law_n to_o make_v this_o also_o in_o nature_n of_o a_o mortmain_n within_o the_o statute_n make_v in_o the_o seven_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n call_v the_o statute_n de_fw-fr religiosis_fw-la by_o which_o it_o be_v enact_v that_o in_o case_n of_o such_o alienation_n in_o mortmain_n the_o lord_n shall_v have_v liberty_n to_o enter_v if_o he_o fail_v then_o the_o lord_n paramount_n 1._o stat._n de_fw-fr religiosis_fw-la 7_o e._n 1._o or_o if_o he_o fail_v the_o king_n shall_v enter_v and_o dispose_v of_o the_o same_o and_o that_o no_o licence_n of_o mortmain_n shall_v be_v sue_v out_o but_o by_o the_o mean_a lord_n assent_v and_o where_o part_n of_o the_o premise_n remain_v still_o in_o the_o donor_n and_o the_o original_a writ_n mention_v all_o the_o particular_n and_o thus_o at_o length_n be_v this_o issue_n for_o the_o present_a stay_a which_o hitherto_o waste_v the_o strength_n of_o the_o kingdom_n 39_o stat._n de_fw-fr amortizandis_fw-la terris_fw-la m._n west_n an._n 1280._o mag._n carta_fw-la cap._n 39_o and_o by_o continual_a current_n empty_v it_o into_o the_o mare_n mortuum_fw-la of_o the_o clergy_n consume_v the_o maintenance_n of_o knight_n service_n by_o convert_v the_o same_o to_o clerk-service_n no_o judge_n shall_v compel_v a_o free_a man_n to_o make_v oath_n without_o the_o king_n command_n 3._o miror_fw-la just_n cap._n 5._o sec_fw-la 3._o so_o be_v the_o sense_n of_o the_o law_n render_v by_o a_o ancient_a author_n and_o i_o hope_v i_o shall_v not_o wrong_v the_o text_n if_o i_o affirm_v that_o the_o ecclesiastical_a judge_n be_v include_v within_o the_o equity_n though_o proper_o he_o be_v not_o balivus_fw-la for_o the_o law_n intend_v to_o show_v that_o its_o a_o liberty_n that_o the_o subject_n have_v not_o to_o be_v compel_v to_o take_v oath_n without_o the_o king_n especial_a command_n and_o by_o consequence_n it_o show_v also_o that_o the_o king_n at_o that_o time_n and_o until_o then_o have_v the_o directory_n of_o oath_n for_o it_o be_v a_o ancient_a liberty_n give_v in_o the_o king_n charter_n unto_o such_o as_o they_o please_v viz._n to_o impose_v oath_n 2._o malimsb_n de_fw-fr gest_n reg._n lib._n 2._o and_o to_o punish_v for_o breach_n of_o oath_n and_o this_o pass_v under_o the_o word_n athae_fw-la or_o athas_n and_o so_o edmund_n the_o saxon_a king_n give_v to_o the_o abbey_n of_o glastenbury_n among_o other_o athas_n &_o ordulas_n and_o the_o churchman_n that_o first_o procure_v vacation_n from_o suit_n of_o law_n during_o holy_a time_n procure_v a_o law_n also_o to_o be_v settle_v by_o edward_n the_o saxon_a king_n and_o gunthurne_n the_o dane_n 9_o ll._n edw._n cap._n 9_o that_o ordeale_n and_o oath_n shall_v be_v forbid_v upon_o the_o holy_a feast_n and_o lawful_a fast_n and_o a_o wonder_v it_o be_v how_o it_o escape_v the_o gripe_n of_o the_o clergy_n so_o long_o who_o catch_v at_o any_o thing_n that_o have_v but_o a_o glance_n of_o god_n worship_n in_o it_o and_o if_o this_o be_v the_o subject_n liberty_n not_o to_o be_v compel_v to_o swear_v sure_o much_o more_o not_o to_o be_v compel_v to_o accuse_v himself_o unless_o by_o the_o law_n he_o be_v especial_o bind_v 106._o bracton_n lib._n 3._o cap._n 7_o foe_n 106._o for_o it_o be_v glanviles_n rule_n ob_fw-la infamiam_fw-la non_fw-la solet_fw-la juxta_fw-la legem_fw-la terrae_fw-la aliquis_fw-la per_fw-la legem_fw-la apparentem_fw-la se_fw-la purgare_fw-la nisi_fw-la prius_fw-la convictus_fw-la fuerit_fw-la vel_fw-la confessus_fw-la in_o curiae_fw-la but_o the_o power_n of_o the_o clergy_n now_o be_v grow_v strong_a and_o they_o begin_v to_o remember_v themselves_o and_o that_o oath_n be_v of_o a_o holy_a regard_n and_o they_o man_n for_o holiness_n best_o able_a to_o judge_v when_o and_o to_o who_o they_o shall_v be_v minister_v and_o therefore_o now_o they_o begin_v to_o enter_v their_o claim_n and_o to_o make_v a_o sure_a title_n they_o get_v a_o grant_n from_o pope_n innocent_a to_o steven_n langton_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n of_o a_o faculty_n of_o licens_v administration_n of_o oath_n during_o the_o time_n of_o lent_n and_o he_o according_o enjoy_v it_o during_o the_o mad_a time_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o but_o edward_n the_o first_o quarrel_v it_o and_o leave_v it_o questionable_a to_o edward_n the_o second_o who_o be_v in_o his_o condition_n as_o a_o
lose_a man_n have_v less_o care_n of_o such_o small_a matter_n and_o therefore_o allow_v that_o his_o judge_n of_o assize_n shall_v be_v licence_v by_o the_o archbishop_n to_o administer_v oath_n in_o their_o circuit_n in_o the_o sacred_a time_n of_o advent_n and_o septuagessima_fw-la 209._o antiq._n brit._n eccles_n 209._o and_o this_o course_n continue_v till_o henry_n the_o eight_o time_n the_o clergy_n have_v thus_o get_v the_o bridle_n gallop_v amain_o they_o now_o call_v who_o they_o will_v and_o put_v they_o to_o their_o oath_n to_o accuse_v other_o man_n or_o themselves_o or_o else_o they_o be_v excommunicate_v henry_n the_o three_o withstand_v this_o course_n if_o the_o clergy_n man_n complaint_n in_o the_o time_n of_o that_o king_n artic._n 9_o be_v true_a and_o notwithstanding_o the_o same_o the_o law_n hold_v its_o course_n and_o in_o pursuance_n thereof_o we_o find_v a_o attachment_n upon_o a_o prohibition_n in_o this_o form_n ensue_v put_v the_o bishop_n of_o n._n to_o his_o pledge_n that_o he_o be_v before_o our_o justice_n to_o show_v cause_n why_o he_o make_v to_o be_v summon_v 36._o regist_n foe_fw-mi 36._o and_o by_o ecclesiastical_a censure_n constrain_v lay_v person_n man_n or_o woman_n to_o appear_v before_o he_o to_o swear_v unwilling_o at_o the_o bishop_n pleasure_n to_o the_o great_a prejudice_n of_o our_o crown_n and_o dignity_n and_o contrary_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n and_o thus_o both_o king_n and_o clergy_n be_v at_o contest_v for_o this_o power_n over_o the_o people_n conscience_n to_o which_o neither_o have_v the_o right_a otherwise_o then_o by_o rule_n of_o law_n bigamists_n shall_v not_o be_v allow_v their_o clergy_n 5_o stat._n bigam_n 4_o edw._n 1._o cap._n 5_o whether_o they_o become_v such_o before_o the_o council_n of_o lion_n or_o since_o and_o that_o constitution_n there_o make_v shall_v be_v so_o construe_v whatsoever_o therefore_o their_o synod_n in_o those_o time_n pretend_v against_o the_o marry_a clergy_n seem_v by_o this_o law_n that_o they_o have_v clergy_n that_o be_v marry_v once_o and_o again_o and_o yet_o before_o and_o after_o the_o council_n be_v admit_v as_o clerk_n in_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o law_n but_o the_o general_n council_n interpose_v their_o authority_n and_o deprive_v they_o that_o be_v the_o second_o time_n marry_v of_o all_o their_o privilege_n of_o clergy_n it_o be_v it_o seem_v twenty_o year_n and_o more_o after_o that_o council_n before_o the_o churchman_n in_o england_n be_v thorough_o reform_v for_o either_o some_o be_v still_o bigami_fw-la at_o the_o make_n of_o this_o law_n or_o as_o touch_v that_o point_n it_o be_v vain_a nor_o be_v it_o easy_a to_o conceive_v what_o occasion_n shall_v after_o so_o long_a a_o time_n move_v such_o exposition_n the_o word_n of_o the_o constitution_n be_v bigamos_fw-la omni_fw-la privilegio_fw-la clericali_fw-la declaramus_fw-la esse_fw-la nudatos_fw-la now_o whither_o this_o slow_a reformation_n arise_v from_o the_o defect_n in_o law_n or_o in_o obedience_n thereto_o may_v be_v gather_v from_o some_o particular_n ensue_v first_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o the_o canon_n of_o general_n counsel_n counsel_n general_n counsel_n eo_fw-la nomine_fw-la have_v former_o of_o ancient_a time_n get_v a_o kind_n of_o praeeminence_n in_o this_o nation_n but_o by_o what_o mean_n be_v not_o so_o clear_a in_o the_o saxon_a time_n they_o be_v of_o no_o further_a force_n than_o the_o great_a council_n of_o this_o kingdom_n allow_v by_o express_a act_n for_o the_o nicene_n faith_n and_o the_o first_o five_o general_n counsel_n be_v receive_v by_o synodical_a constitution_n of_o this_o kingdom_n make_v in_o the_o joint_a meeting_n both_o of_o the_o laity_n and_o clergy_n and_o during_o such_o joint_n consult_v the_o summons_n to_o the_o general_n counsel_n be_v send_v to_o the_o king_n to_o send_v bishop_n abbat_n etc._n etc._n but_o after_o that_o the_o laity_n be_v exclude_v by_o the_o clergy_n from_o their_o meeting_n and_o the_o king_n himself_o also_o serve_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n the_o summons_n to_o the_o general_n council_n issue_v forth_o to_o the_o bishop_n immediate_o and_o in_o particular_a to_o each_o of_o they_o and_o to_o the_o abbat_n and_o prior_n in_o general_a paris_n bineus_n tom_n 13_o ps_n 2._o pag._n 674._o m._n paris_n by_o virtue_n whereof_o they_o go_v inconsulto_fw-la rege_fw-la and_o sometime_o rege_fw-la renitente_fw-la and_o appear_v either_o personal_o or_o by_o proxy_n other_o come_v as_o party_n to_o give_v and_o receive_v direction_n or_o hear_v sentence_n in_o matter_n tend_v to_o spiritual_a regard_n and_o for_o this_o cause_n issue_v summons_n sometime_o even_o to_o king_n as_o at_o the_o council_n of_o lion_n aforesaid_a it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o pope_n have_v cite_v reges_fw-la terrae_fw-la &_o alios_fw-la mundi_fw-la principes_fw-la &_o dictum_fw-la principem_fw-la meaning_n henry_n the_o three_o 1245._o m._n paris_n an._n 1245._o the_o matter_n be_v for_o assistance_n to_o the_o holy_a war_n and_o to_o determine_v the_o matter_n henry_n the_o three_o and_o his_o clergy_n man_n and_o as_o in_o that_o case_n so_o in_o other_o of_o that_o kind_n king_n will_v send_v their_o ambassador_n or_o proctor_n and_o give_v they_o power_n in_o their_o prince_n name_n interessendi_fw-la tractandi_fw-la communicandi_fw-la &_o concludendi_fw-la first_o of_o such_o matter_n quae_fw-la ad_fw-la reformationem_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la universalis_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la &_o membris_fw-la then_o of_o such_o as_o concern_v fidei_fw-la orthodoxae_fw-la fulciamentum_fw-la 14._o bineus_n tom._n 3._o ps._n 2._o pag._n 913._o &_o tom._n 4._o ps._n 1_o pag._n 14._o regumque_fw-la ae_z principum_fw-la pacificationem_fw-la or_o any_o other_o particul_n r_o cause_n which_o occasional_o may_v be_v insert_v so_o long_o then_o as_o king_n have_v their_o vote_n in_o the_o general_n counsel_n they_o be_v engage_v in_o the_o maintenance_n of_o their_o decree_n and_o by_o this_o mean_v enter_v the_o canon_n law_n into_o kingdom_n nor_o be_v the_o vote_n of_o king_n difficult_a to_o be_v obtain_v especial_o in_o matter_n that_o trench_a not_o upon_o the_o crown_n for_o the_o pope_n know_v well_o that_o king_n be_v too_o wise_a to_o adventure_v their_o own_o person_n into_o foreign_a part_n where_o the_o general_n counsel_n be_v hold_v and_o that_o it_o be_v thrift_n for_o they_o to_o send_v such_o proctor_n that_n may_v not_o altogether_o spend_v upon_o the_o king_n purse_n allow_v bishop_n and_o clergyman_n to_o be_v proctor_n for_o their_o prince_n that_o in_o the_o negative_a they_o may_v be_v pii_fw-la inimici_fw-la and_o less_o active_a but_o in_o the_o affirmative_a zealous_a and_o so_o make_v the_o way_n wide_o by_o the_o temporal_a and_o spiritual_a vote_n join_v in_o one_o neither_o do_v king_n only_o save_v their_o purse_n but_o they_o also_o make_v their_o own_o further_a advantage_n hereby_o for_o by_o the_o engagement_n and_o respect_n which_o these_o his_o proctor_n have_v in_o counsel_n they_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n such_o as_o be_v have_v in_o best_a esteem_n obtain_v better_a respect_n to_o the_o cause_n that_o they_o handle_v and_o speedy_a dispatch_n nevertheless_o the_o case_n sometime_o be_v such_o as_o can_v not_o expect_v favour_n and_o then_o as_o the_o king_n temper_n be_v they_o will_v sometime_o ride_v it_o out_o with_o full_a sail_n and_o to_o that_o end_n will_v either_o join_v with_o their_o ecclesiastical_a proctor_n some_o of_o the_o baron_n and_o great_a man_n of_o their_o realm_n to_o add_v to_o the_o cry_n and_o make_v their_o affair_n ring_v loud_o in_o the_o ear_n of_o fame_n although_o the_o pope_n have_v the_o great_a vote_n or_o otherwise_o will_v send_v a_o inhibition_n unto_o their_o proctor_n and_o their_o assistant_n or_o a_o injunction_n to_o look_v to_o the_o right_n of_o the_o crown_n as_o henry_n the_o three_o do_v at_o the_o council_n at_o lion_n and_o this_o sound_v in_o nature_n of_o a_o protest_v 263._o fox_n mart._n ps._n 2._o 263._o and_o within_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n have_v the_o force_n of_o a_o proviso_n or_o save_v but_o if_o the_o worst_a of_o all_o come_v to_o pass_v viz._n that_o the_o council_n pass_v the_o cause_n against_o king_n without_o any_o inhibition_n or_o injunction_n yet_o can_v it_o not_o bind_v the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n or_o king_n just_a prerogative_n no_o not_o in_o these_o time_n of_o rome_n hour_n and_o of_o the_o power_n of_o darkness_n for_o at_o a_o synod_n hold_v by_o archbishop_n peckam_n an._n 1280._o the_o act_n of_o the_o council_n of_o lion_n be_v ratify_v and_o among_o other_o a_o canon_n against_o non_fw-la residency_n and_o plurality_n and_o yet_o neither_o council_n nor_o synod_n can_v prevail_v for_o in_o edward_n the_o second_o time_n a_o abbot_n present_v to_o a_o church_n vacant_a as_o be_v suppose_v by_o the_o canon_n of_o plurality_n the_o king_n who_o
be_v in_o those_o elder_a time_n but_o in_o two_o case_n viz._n of_o king_n and_o castle_n in_o the_o one_o of_o which_o the_o government_n be_v principal_o concern_v in_o the_o other_o the_o public_a defence_n for_o it_o may_v be_v well_o conjecture_v that_o castle_n be_v either_o first_o make_v in_o place_n commodious_a for_o habitation_n and_o great_a town_n gather_v to_o they_o for_o their_o better_a safety_n or_o that_o the_o town_n be_v first_o gather_v in_o place_n of_o commodious_a habitation_n and_o then_o castle_n be_v make_v for_o their_o better_a defence_n or_o if_o they_o be_v impose_v upon_o they_o by_o the_o victor_n to_o keep_v they_o in_o awe_n they_o be_v nevertheless_o by_o continuance_n together_o become_v tractable_a and_o conspire_v for_o the_o mutual_a defence_n of_o each_o other_o but_o as_o touch_v such_o citadel_n or_o castle_n that_o be_v set_v in_o solitary_a place_n they_o may_v seem_v rather_o first_o intend_v for_o the_o particular_a defence_n of_o some_o particular_a man_n and_o his_o family_n and_o neighbour_a tenant_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o purveyance_n for_o castle_n it_o seem_v the_o proper_a town_n wherein_o it_o be_v be_v principal_o liable_a to_o that_o duty_n because_o their_o safety_n be_v more_o principal_o interest_v and_o therefore_o prize_v there_o take_v may_v be_v pay_v at_o a_o day_n to_o come_v but_o in_o all_o other_o place_n immediate_o nevertheless_o this_o last_v not_o long_o for_o the_o soldier_n find_v out_o a_o trick_n of_o favour_v their_o own_o quarter_n and_o preserve_v they_o in_o heart_n against_o a_o back_n winter_n know_v that_o at_o such_o time_n its_o better_a to_o seek_v for_o provision_n nigh_o then_o to_o be_v compel_v to_o seek_v far_o off_o but_o this_o stratagem_n be_v cut_v off_o by_o the_o next_o king_n who_o inhibit_v all_o manner_n of_o purveyance_n in_o any_o other_o town_n 7_o westm_n 1._o cap._n 7_o then_o in_o the_o same_o town_n wherein_o the_o castle_n be_v seat_v this_o be_v a_o charge_n that_o be_v but_o temporary_a and_o occasional_a that_o which_o be_v more_o last_a and_o burdensome_a upon_o the_o subject_n be_v purveyance_n for_o the_o king_n which_o nevertheless_o can_v be_v avoid_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o greatness_n of_o his_o retinue_n especial_o in_o those_o day_n and_o if_o they_o shall_v have_v their_o resort_n to_o the_o market_n the_o same_o can_v not_o be_v free_a to_o the_o people_n for_o that_o the_o first_o service_n must_v be_v for_o the_o king_n household_n and_o so_o what_o scrap_n will_v be_v leave_v for_o the_o commons_o no_o man_n can_v tell_v it_o be_v therefore_o necessary_a for_o the_o king_n family_n to_o be_v maintain_v by_o purveyance_n 2._o artic._n super_fw-la cart_n cap._n 2._o and_o to_o avoid_v the_o many_o inconvenience_n which_o may_v and_o do_v arise_v in_o those_o spoil_v time_n it_o be_v ordain_v that_o it_o shall_v be_v felony_n for_o any_o purveyor_n to_o purvy_a without_o warrant_n 2._o that_o none_o but_o the_o king_n purveyour_fw-mi must_v purvey_v for_o the_o king_n house_n and_o that_o he_o must_v purvey_v only_o for_o the_o king_n house_n and_o to_o purvey_v no_o more_o than_o be_v necessary_a and_o to_o pay_v for_o the_o thing_n they_o take_v and_o because_o king_n be_v oftentimes_o necessitate_v for_o removal_n from_o place_n to_o place_n purveyance_n of_o carriage_n be_v also_o allow_v 32._o west_n 1._o c._n 32._o and_o in_o case_n the_o subject_n be_v grieve_v either_o by_o more_o purveyance_n than_o be_v necessary_a or_o by_o non_fw-fr payment_n for_o their_o commodity_n so_o take_v or_o with_o composition_n for_o the_o king_n debt_n for_o such_o purveyance_n the_o offender_n be_v liable_a to_o fine_a and_o imprisonment_n 2._o artic_a super_fw-la cart_n cap._n 2._o or_o if_o they_o be_v grieve_v by_o purveyor_n without_o warrant_n the_o offender_n be_v to_o be_v proceed_v against_o as_o in_o case_n of_o felony_n he_o that_o serve_v in_o castleguard_n be_v not_o liable_a to_o payment_n of_o rent_n for_o that_o service_n 22._o cap._n 22._o nor_o be_v he_o compellable_n to_o either_o so_o long_o as_o he_o be_v in_o the_o service_n in_o the_o army_n by_o the_o ancient_a custom_n none_o but_o a_o knight_n may_v be_v charge_v with_o the_o guard_n of_o a_o castle_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n for_o the_o letter_n of_o this_o law_n mention_v only_o such_o and_o therefore_o to_o hold_v by_o castleguard_n be_v a_o tenure_n in_o knight-service_n and_o it_o seem_v that_o rent_n for_o castle_n guard_v original_o be_v consistent_a with_o knightservice_n and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o annual_a but_o promiscuous_o knight_n may_v either_o perform_v the_o service_n or_o pay_v rend_v in_o lieu_n thereof_o and_o upon_o occasion_n do_v neither_o if_o the_o king_n send_v they_o into_o the_o field_n and_o last_o that_o a_o knight_n may_v either_o do_v the_o service_n in_o his_o own_o person_n or_o by_o his_o esquire_n or_o another_o appoint_v by_o he_o thereto_o no_o knight_n nor_o lord_n nor_o churchmen_n carriage_n 23._o cap._n 23._o nor_o no_o man_n wood_n shall_v be_v take_v against_o the_o owner_n consent_n nor_o shall_v any_o man_n carriage_n be_v take_v if_o he_o will_v pay_v the_o hire_n limit_v by_o the_o law_n churchman_n be_v exempt_v from_o charge_n to_o the_o king_n carriage_n mere_o in_o favour_n to_o the_o canon_n which_o exempt_v the_o good_n of_o the_o clergy_n from_o such_o lie_v service_n nevertheless_o the_o complaint_n of_o the_o clergy_n former_o mention_v show_v that_o this_o be_v not_o due_o observe_v knight_n and_o lord_n be_v discharge_v not_o only_o for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o their_o port_n but_o more_o principal_o because_o they_o be_v public_a servant_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o time_n of_o war_n and_o the_o kingdom_n be_v then_o equal_o serve_v by_o themselves_o and_o their_o equipage_n and_o their_o carriage_n as_o a_o necessary_a assistant_n thereunto_o the_o king_n shall_v have_v no_o more_o profit_n of_o felon_n land_n then_o the_o year_n and_o a_o day_n 24._o cap._n 24._o and_o the_o lord_n be_v to_o have_v the_o remainder_n ancient_o the_o lord_n have_v all_o the_o estate_n of_o felon_n be_v their_o tenant_n 2._o instit_fw-la 2._o and_o the_o king_n have_v only_o the_o prerogative_n to_o waste_v they_o as_o a_o penalty_n or_o part_n thereof_o but_o afterward_o the_o lord_n by_o agreement_n yield_v unto_o the_o king_n the_o year_n and_o a_o day_n profit_n to_o save_v the_o land_n from_o spoil_n 16._o bract._n lib._n 3._o foe_n 137._o prerog_n reg._n cap._n 16._o and_o in_o continuance_n of_o time_n the_o king_n have_v both_o the_o year_n and_o day_n and_o waste_v fugitive_n also_o be_v in_o the_o same_o case_n viz._n such_o as_o desert_v their_o country_n either_o in_o time_n of_o need_n or_o such_o as_o flee_v from_o the_o trial_n of_o law_n in_o criminal_a case_n for_o in_o both_o case_n the_o saxon_n account_v they_o as_o common_a felon_n nevertheless_o the_o two_o custom_n of_o gloucester_n and_o kent_n be_v save_v out_o of_o this_o law_n by_o the_o statute_n the_o first_o whereof_o save_v the_o land_n to_o the_o heir_n from_o the_o lord_n and_o the_o second_o save_v the_o same_o to_o the_o heir_n male_n or_o for_o want_n of_o such_o to_o the_o heir_n female_n and_o to_o the_o wife_n her_o moiety_n until_o she_o be_v espouse_v to_o another_o man_n 12._o prerog_n reg._n cap._n 14._o fit_v 2_o e._n 2._o tit._n escheat_n 12._o unless_o she_o shall_v forfeit_v the_o same_o by_o fornication_n during_o her_o widowhood_n and_o by_o the_o same_o law_n also_o the_o king_n have_v all_o escheate_n of_o the_o tenant_n of_o archbshop_n and_o bishop_n during_o the_o vacancy_n as_o a_o perquisite_a but_o escheat_n of_o land_n and_o tenement_n in_o city_n or_o burrough_n the_o king_n have_v they_o in_o jure_fw-la coronae_fw-la of_o whosoever_o they_o be_v hold_v 25._o cap._n 25._o all_o wear_v shall_v be_v destroy_v but_o such_o as_o be_v by_o the_o sea_n coast_n the_o lieutenant_n of_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n as_o it_o seem_v claim_v a_o lordship_n in_o the_o thames_n and_o by_o virtue_n thereof_o have_v all_o the_o wear_v to_o his_o own_o use_n as_o appear_v by_o a_o charter_n make_v to_o the_o city_n of_o london_n recite_v in_o the_o second_o institute_n upon_o this_o law_n and_o this_o be_v to_o the_o detriment_n of_o the_o free_a man_n especial_o of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n in_o regard_n that_o all_o free_a man_n be_v to_o have_v right_a of_o free_a passage_n through_o river_n as_o well_o as_o through_o high_a way_n and_o purpresture_n in_o either_o be_v equal_o noxious_a to_o the_o common_a liberty_n and_o therefore_o that_o which_o be_v set_v down_o under_o the_o example_n or_o instance_n of_o the_o river_n of_o thames_n and_o medway_n contain_v all_o the_o river_n in_o
we_o find_v that_o henry_n the_o three_o about_o the_o latter_a part_n of_o his_o reign_n when_o his_o government_n grow_v towards_o the_o dregs_o he_o have_v in_o the_o kingdom_n two_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o barony_n he_o summon_v unto_o one_o of_o these_o parliamentary_a meeting_n baron_fw-fr gloss_n do_fw-mi baron_fw-fr but_o five_o and_o twenty_o baron_n and_o one_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o of_o his_o clergy_n nevertheless_o the_o law_n of_o king_n john_n be_v still_o the_o same_o and_o we_o can_v right_o read_v the_o law_n in_o such_o precedent_n as_o be_v rather_o the_o birth_n of_o will_n then_o reason_n four_o that_o no_o aid_n be_v then_o grant_v but_o such_o as_o pass_v under_o the_o title_n escuage_z or_o according_a there_o unto_o for_o the_o word_n be_v no_o escuage_z shall_v be_v demand_v or_o grant_v or_o take_v but_o for_o redeem_v the_o king_n person_n knight_v of_o his_o son_n or_o marriage_n of_o his_o daughter_n nor_o be_v the_o way_n of_o assess_v in_o these_o time_n different_a save_v that_o instead_o of_o all_o the_o knight_n two_o only_o be_v now_o choose_v in_o every_o county_n the_o tenure_n as_o it_o seem_v first_o give_v the_o title_n of_o that_o order_n and_o both_o tenure_n and_o order_n now_o change_v into_o that_o title_n take_v up_o for_o the_o time_n and_o occasion_n five_o that_o it_o be_v then_o the_o ancient_a custom_n and_o so_o use_v in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o that_o the_o advice_n of_o those_o then_o present_a be_v the_o advice_n of_o the_o whole_a and_o that_o their_o advice_n pass_v for_o a_o law_n without_o contradiction_n or_o notwithstanding_o the_o king_n negative_a voice_n for_o the_o word_n be_v the_o matter_n at_o that_o day_n shall_v proceed_v according_a to_o the_o council_n of_o those_o that_o shall_v be_v present_a although_o all_o do_v not_o come_v and_o therefore_o that_o clause_n in_o the_o king_n oath_n quas_fw-la vulgus_fw-la eligerit_fw-la may_v well_o be_v understand_v in_o the_o future_a and_o not_o in_o the_o pretertence_n last_o of_o all_o though_o not_o gather_v from_o the_o text_n of_o this_o law_n whereof_o we_o treat_v yet_o be_v coincident_a with_o the_o matter_n it_o be_v observable_a that_o though_o the_o clergy_n be_v now_o in_o their_o ruffle_n and_o feel_v themselves_o in_o their_o full_a strength_n yet_o there_o befall_v a_o posture_n of_o state_n that_o discover_v to_o the_o world_n that_o the_o english_a hold_v not_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o clergy_n to_o be_v of_o such_o public_a concernment_n or_o necessary_a concurrence_n in_o the_o government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n 1297._o walse_v an._n 1297._o as_o be_v pretend_v for_o the_o clergy_n find_v assessment_n of_o the_o laity_n so_o heavy_a and_o that_o occasion_n of_o public_a charge_n be_v like_a to_o multiply_v daily_o they_o therefore_o to_o save_v the_o main_a stock_n procure_v a_o inhibition_n from_o rome_n against_o all_o such_o imposition_n from_o the_o laity_n and_o against_o such_o payment_n by_o the_o clergy_n and_o in_o the_o strength_n of_o this_o they_o absolute_o refuse_v to_o submit_v to_o aid_n edward_n the_o first_o by_o any_o such_o way_n although_o all_o the_o parliament_n have_v thereunto_o consent_v and_o thus_o have_v divide_v themselves_o from_o the_o parliament_n they_o be_v by_o they_o divide_v from_o it_o and_o not_o only_o out_v of_o all_o privilege_n of_o parliament_n but_o of_o all_o the_o privilege_n of_o subject_n into_o the_o state_n of_o praemuniri_fw-la and_o thus_o set_v they_o up_o for_o a_o monument_n to_o future_a time_n for_o they_o also_o to_o act_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o those_o man_n as_o occasion_n shall_v offer_v but_o henry_n 3d._o not_o satisfy_v with_o this_o ancient_a and_o ordinary_a way_n of_o assessment_n upon_o ordinary_a occasion_n take_v up_o that_o extraordinary_a course_n of_o assessment_n upon_o all_o the_o free_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o be_v former_o take_v up_o only_o in_o that_o extraordinary_a occasion_n of_o redeem_n of_o the_o king_n or_o lord_n person_n out_o of_o captivity_n and_o common_a defence_n of_o the_o land_n from_o piracy_n and_o under_o the_o title_n of_o daneguelt_fw-mi which_o be_v now_o absolute_o dead_a and_o hang_v up_o in_o chain_n as_o a_o monument_n of_o oppression_n nevertheless_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o in_o former_a time_n the_o free_a man_n be_v as_o deep_o tax_v if_o not_o oppress_v with_o payment_n to_o their_o lord_n at_o such_o time_n as_o they_o be_v charge_v over_o to_o the_o king_n in_o the_o case_n aforesaid_a as_o by_o the_o latter_a word_n of_o the_o law_n aforesaid_a of_o king_n john_n do_v appear_v and_o whereby_o its_o probable_a that_o the_o inferior_a lord_n be_v gainer_n the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o charter_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o the_o fame_n suit_v also_o with_o the_o three_o observation_n forego_v do_v not_o a_o little_a favour_n the_o same_o for_o its_o express_o set_v down_o that_o in_o lieu_n of_o the_o king_n confirmation_n of_o the_o charter_n of_o liberty_n aforesaid_a not_o only_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n prior_n earl_n baron_n and_o knight_n but_o also_o the_o free_a man_n and_o all_o the_o kingdom_n give_v a_o fifteen_o of_o all_o their_o moveable_n and_o thus_o have_v i_o sum_v up_o and_o compare_v both_o the_o copy_n of_o the_o grand_a charter_n of_o england_n liberty_n save_v two_o particular_n insert_v into_o the_o forest_n law_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o wherein_o if_o any_o thing_n have_v be_v new_a and_o unreasonable_a king_n john_n may_v have_v colour_n to_o except_v against_o they_o as_o extort_a by_o force_n and_z henry_n the_o three_o may_v as_o he_o be_v advise_v plead_v nonage_n 1227._o m._n paris_n an._n 1227._o and_o so_o they_o may_v have_v be_v choke_v in_o their_o birth_n but_o be_v all_o consuetudines_fw-la as_o in_o the_o conclusion_n they_o be_v call_v and_o king_n ashamed_a to_o depend_v upon_o such_o frivolous_a exception_n it_o may_v be_v wonder_v what_o may_v move_v they_o to_o adventure_v so_o much_o bloodshed_n and_o themselves_o into_o so_o many_o trouble_n to_o avoid_v their_o own_o act_n unless_o the_o writing_n of_o they_o be_v a_o obligation_n acknowledge_v before_o the_o world_n and_o they_o resolve_v secret_o to_o be_v under_o none_o be_v loath_a to_o publish_v the_o same_o to_o all_o man_n it_o be_v a_o strange_a vanity_n in_o great_a man_n to_o pretend_v love_n to_o justice_n and_o yet_o not_o endure_v to_o be_v bind_v thereto_o when_o as_o we_o see_v that_o god_n himself_o love_v to_o be_v bind_v by_o his_o word_n and_o to_o have_v it_o plead_v because_o he_o delight_v as_o much_o to_o be_v acknowledge_v true_a in_o perform_v as_o good_a in_o promise_v but_o neither_o be_v king_n john_n or_o henry_n the_o three_o of_o this_o spirit_n fain_o they_o will_v undo_v but_o can_v not_o it_o be_v true_a it_o be_v at_o the_o first_o but_o a_o king_n charter_n of_o confirmation_n and_o have_v king_n be_v patient_a therewith_o it_o may_v have_v grow_v no_o big_a but_o by_o opposition_n it_o root_v deep_a and_o grow_v up_o unto_o the_o stature_n of_o a_o statute_n and_o settle_v so_o fast_o as_o it_o can_v never_o be_v void_v but_o by_o surrender_n from_o the_o whole_a body_n 5._o marlbr_n cap._n 5._o have_v thus_o sum_v up_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o subject_n and_o free_a man_n of_o england_n under_o this_o charter_n i_o shall_v make_v some_o appendix_n hereunto_o by_o annex_v a_o few_o additional_o in_o these_o time_n establish_v and_o although_o they_o come_v not_o within_o the_o letter_n of_o the_o grand_a charter_n yet_o be_v they_o subservient_fw-fr thereunto_o and_o first_o concern_v the_o king_n and_o this_o either_o as_o he_o be_v king_n or_o as_o he_o be_v lord_n as_o king_n he_o have_v these_o prerogative_n above_o all_o lord_n 9_o prerog_n reg._n cap._n 9_o the_o king_n shall_v have_v the_o custody_n of_o fool_n and_o idiot_n land_n for_o their_o maintenance_n and_o shall_v render_v the_o same_o to_o their_o heir_n and_o concern_v madman_n and_o lunatic_n 10._o cap._n 10._o the_o king_n shall_v provide_v a_o baylisse_n for_o their_o maintenance_n render_v account_n to_o they_o when_o they_o be_v sober_a or_o to_o their_o administrator_n it_o be_v no_o less_o liberty_n or_o privilege_n of_o the_o people_n that_o fool_n and_o mad_a person_n be_v to_o be_v order_v by_o tutor_n than_o child_n and_o therefore_o this_o may_v be_v annex_v to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o liberty_n as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o nevertheless_o it_o seem_v that_o the_o law_n take_v they_o into_o their_o regard_n in_o respect_n of_o their_o estate_n which_o may_v be_v abuse_v to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o public_a rather_o than_o out_o of_o respect_n have_v to_o their_o person_n now_o because_o there_o be_v a_o difference_n between_o the_o disability_n
of_o these_o person_n the_o one_o be_v perpetual_a the_o other_o temporary_a therefore_o be_v there_o also_o by_o these_o law_n a_o difference_n in_o the_o disposal_n of_o their_o estate_n for_o the_o tutor_n have_v a_o right_a in_o the_o dispose_n of_o the_o one_o and_o but_o a_o bare_a authority_n or_o power_n in_o provide_v for_o the_o other_o second_o the_o person_n of_o the_o tutor_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v ancient_o it_o be_v the_o next_o kindred_n ground_v as_o i_o conceive_v upon_o the_o natural_a affection_n go_v along_o with_o the_o blood_n and_o this_o so_o continue_v in_o custom_n until_o these_o time_n for_o though_o the_o miror_fw-la of_o justice_n say_v that_o henry_n the_o first_o bring_v in_o that_o course_n of_o give_v the_o custody_n of_o these_o disable_v person_n to_o the_o king_n as_o have_v be_v former_o observe_v yet_o bracton_n that_o write_v long_o after_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o speak_v of_o these_o kind_n of_o person_n say_v 20._o bract._n lib._n 5._o cap._n 20._o talibus_fw-la de_fw-fr necessitate_v dandus_fw-la est_fw-la tutor_n vel_fw-la curator_n not_o so_o much_o as_o mention_v the_o king_n in_o the_o case_n and_o in_o another_o place_n speak_v of_o such_o as_o be_v alieni_fw-la juris_fw-la say_v that_o some_o be_v under_o the_o custody_n of_o their_o lord_n and_o other_o under_o their_o parent_n and_o friend_n 10_o lib._n 1._o cap._n 10_o but_o let_v the_o time_n of_o the_o entrance_n of_o this_o law_n be_v never_o so_o uncertain_a it_o be_v now_o a_o declare_a law_n that_o the_o king_n in_o such_o case_n be_v the_o common_a curator_n or_o tutor_n of_o all_o such_o person_n as_o he_o be_v a_o chief_a justice_n render_v to_o every_o one_o his_o right_n the_o king_n shall_v have_v the_o wreck_n of_o the_o sea_n 4._o prerog_n reg._n cap._n 11._o west_n 1._o cap._n 4._o what_o shall_v be_v call_v a_o wreck_n the_o statute_n at_o westm_n 1._o declare_v viz._n where_o the_o ship_n so_o perish_v that_o nothing_o therein_o escape_v alive_a and_o these_o be_v rather_o in_o their_o original_n commit_v to_o the_o king_n as_o a_o curator_n then_o give_v he_o as_o a_o proprietor_n although_o that_o custom_n have_v since_o settle_v a_o kind_n of_o right_n which_o may_v perhaps_o be_v account_v rather_o a_o title_n by_o estoppell_n for_o the_o fundamental_a ground_n be_v that_o the_o right_a owner_n can_v be_v manifest_v and_o therefore_o the_o king_n shall_v hold_v it_o and_o if_o the_o right_a owner_n can_v be_v manifest_v the_o king_n shall_v hold_v it_o till_o the_o owner_n do_v appear_v 17._o marlb_n cap._n 17._o the_o heir_n in_o socage_n tenure_n shall_v have_v a_o action_n of_o waste_n and_o a_o account_n against_o his_o guardian_n for_o the_o profit_n of_o his_o land_n and_o marriage_n the_o heir_n in_o socage_n be_v under_o age_n shall_v also_o be_v under_o custody_n of_o such_o guardian_n of_o the_o next_o kindred_n 37._o bracton_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 37._o who_o can_v challenge_v right_o of_o inheritance_n in_o such_o land_n so_o hold_v as_o if_o the_o land_n descend_v from_o the_o father_n side_n the_o mother_n or_o next_o of_o the_o kindred_n of_o the_o mother_n side_n shall_v have_v the_o custody_n and_o so_o if_o the_o land_n descend_v from_o the_o mother_n the_o father_n or_o next_o kindred_n of_o the_o father_n side_n shall_v have_v the_o custody_n and_o this_o custody_n bring_v with_o it_o a_o authority_n or_o power_n only_o and_o no_o right_a as_o in_o case_n of_o the_o heir_n in_o knightservice_n and_o therefore_o can_v be_v grant_v over_o as_o the_o wardship_n in_o knightservice_n may_v but_o the_o guardian_n in_o socage_n remain_v accountant_a to_o the_o heir_n for_o all_o profit_n both_o of_o land_n and_o marriage_n the_o full_a age_n of_o tenant_n in_o socage_n be_v such_o age_n wherein_o he_o be_v able_a to_o do_v that_o service_n which_o be_v 14_o year_n for_o at_o such_o age_n he_o may_v b_o able_a by_o common_a repute_n to_o aid_v in_o tillage_n of_o the_o ground_n which_o be_v his_o proper_a service_n but_o the_o son_n of_o a_o burgess_n have_v no_o set_a time_n of_o full_a age_n but_o at_o such_o time_n as_o he_o can_v tell_v money_n and_o measure_n cloth_n and_o such_o work_n as_o concern_v that_o call_n 1._o merton_n cap._n 1._o widow_n deforce_v of_o their_o dower_n of_o quarentine_n shall_v by_o action_n recover_v damage_n till_o they_o recover_v their_o dower_n 2._o cap._n 2._o they_o shall_v also_o have_v power_n to_o divise_v their_o crop_n arise_v from_o her_o dower_n 40._o bract._n lib._n 2._o cap._n 40._o it_o be_v use_v that_o the_o heir_n shall_v have_v the_o crop_n with_o the_o land_n but_o this_o statute_n alter_v that_o former_a usage_n and_o yet_o save_v the_o lord_n liberty_n to_o distrain_v if_o any_o service_n be_v due_a writ_n de_fw-la consimili_fw-la casu_fw-la grant_v in_o case_n that_o fall_v under_o the_o same_o law_n and_o need_v the_o same_o remedy_n 24._o west_n 2._o cap._n 24._o and_o such_o writ_n shall_v be_v make_v by_o agreement_n of_o the_o clerk_n in_o the_o chancery_n and_o advice_n of_o such_o as_o be_v skilful_a in_o the_o law_n it_o be_v none_o of_o the_o mean_a liberty_n of_o the_o freeman_n of_o england_n that_o no_o writ_n do_v issue_n forth_o against_o they_o but_o such_o as_o be_v ancient_o in_o use_n and_o agree_v upon_o in_o parliament_n and_o it_o be_v no_o less_o a_o grievance_n and_o just_a cause_n of_o complaint_n that_o king_n use_v to_o send_v writ_n of_o new_a impression_n to_o execute_v the_o dictate_v of_o their_o own_o will_n and_o not_o of_o the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n 44._o m._n paris_n addit_fw-la artic._n 44._o as_o the_o complaint_n of_o the_o clergy_n in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o do_v witness_v nevertheless_o because_o many_o man_n case_n befall_v not_o direct_o within_o the_o letter_n of_o any_o law_n for_o remedy_n and_o yet_o be_v very_o burdensome_a for_o want_v of_o remedy_n it_o be_v provide_v by_o this_o law_n that_o in_o such_o emergent_a case_n that_o do_v befall_v within_o the_o inconvenience_n shall_v likewise_o be_v comprehend_v within_o the_o remedy_n of_o that_o law_n aid_v to_o make_v the_o son_n of_o the_o lord_n a_o knight_n 36._o west_n 1._o c._n 36._o and_o to_o marry_v his_o elder_a daughter_n shall_v be_v assess_v after_o the_o rate_n of_o twenty_o shilling_n for_o a_o knight_n fee_n and_o twenty_o shilling_n for_o twenty_o pound_n in_o yearly_a value_n of_o soccage_n tenure_n the_o uncertainty_n of_o aid_n be_v by_o this_o law_n reduce_v and_o settle_v as_o touch_v the_o sum_n and_o thereby_o deliver_v the_o people_n from_o much_o oppression_n which_o they_o suffer_v former_o nor_o be_v only_o the_o particular_a sum_n hereby_o but_o also_o the_o age_n of_o the_o son_n when_o he_o be_v to_o be_v make_v a_o knight_n viz._n at_o the_o age_n of_o fifteen_o year_n too_o soon_o for_o he_o to_o perform_v knightservice_n but_o not_o too_o soon_o for_o the_o lord_n to_o get_v his_o money_n and_o the_o daughter_n likewise_o be_v allow_v to_o be_v fit_a for_o marriage_n at_o seven_o year_n of_o age_n or_o at_o least_o to_o give_v her_o consent_n thereto_o albeit_o that_o in_o truth_n she_o be_v neither_o fit_n for_o the_o one_o or_o other_o and_o therefore_o it_o must_v be_v the_o lord_n gain_v that_o make_v the_o law_n and_o it_o be_v not_o amiss_o to_o have_v the_o aid_n beforehand_o though_o the_o marriage_n succeed_v not_o for_o many_o year_n after_o and_o if_o the_o lord_n die_v in_o the_o interim_n the_o executor_n have_v asset_n pay_v it_o or_o otherwise_o his_o heir_n chap._n lxviii_o of_o court_n and_o their_o proceed_n beside_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n itinerant_a which_o be_v ancient_a as_o have_v be_v say_v other_o court_n have_v be_v raise_v of_o latter_a birth_n albeit_o even_o they_o also_o have_v be_v of_o ancient_a constitution_n and_o divers_a of_o they_o itinerant_a also_o and_o some_o of_o they_o settle_v in_o one_o place_n the_o work_n of_o the_o justice_n itinerant_a be_v universal_a comprehend_v both_o matter_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o common-plea_n that_o of_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n be_v only_o of_o crown_n plea_n original_o commence_v and_o inquire_v of_o by_o themselves_o and_o grant_v forth_o upon_o emergent_a crime_n of_o important_a consequence_n that_o require_v speedy_a regard_n and_o reformation_n justice_n of_o gaol-delivery_n have_v a_o more_o large_a work_n that_o be_v to_o deliver_v the_o gaol_n of_o all_o criminal_a offender_n former_o indict_v or_o before_o themselves_o justice_n of_o assize_n and_o nisi_fw-la prius_fw-la be_v to_o have_v cognisance_n of_o common_a plea_n only_o and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v but_o for_n inquiry_n all_o which_o save_v the_o justice_n itinerant_a in_o ancient_a use_n be_v institute_v
king_n and_o complain_v of_o that_o summons_n as_o of_o a_o common_a grievance_n be_v cause_n that_o neither_o they_o nor_o their_o ancestor_n be_v bind_v to_o serve_v the_o king_n in_o that_o country_n and_o they_o obtain_v the_o king_n discharge_v under_o his_o broad_a seal_n according_o the_o like_a whereunto_o may_v be_v warrant_v out_o of_o the_o very_a word_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o mortmain_n 1._o stat._n mortm_n 7_o edw._n 1._o which_o be_v make_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o these_o time_n by_o which_o it_o be_v provide_v that_o in_o case_n land_n be_v alien_v contrary_a to_o that_o statute_n and_o the_o immediate_a lord_n do_v not_o seize_v the_o same_o the_o king_n shall_v seize_v they_o and_o dispose_v they_o for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o kinodome_n viz._n upon_o such_o service_n reserve_v as_o shall_v suit_n therewith_o as_o if_o all_o the_o service_n of_o a_o knight_n must_v conduce_v thereto_o and_o that_o he_o be_v no_o further_o bind_v to_o any_o service_n of_o his_o lord_n then_o will_v consist_v with_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o kingdom_n this_o be_v the_o doctrine_n that_o the_o sad_a experience_n of_o the_o late_a government_n of_o king_n in_o these_o time_n have_v teach_v the_o knighthood_n of_o england_n to_o hold_v for_o the_o future_a age_n militibus_fw-la stat._n de_fw-fr militibus_fw-la no_o tenant_n in_o ancient_a demesne_n or_o in_o burgage_n shall_v be_v distraim_v for_o the_o service_n of_o a_o knight_n clerk_n and_o tenant_n in_o socage_n of_o other_o manor_n then_o of_o the_o king_n shall_v be_v use_v as_o they_o have_v be_v former_o tenant_n in_o ancient_a demesne_n and_o tenant_n in_o burgage_n be_v absolute_o acquit_v from_o foreign_a service_n the_o one_o because_o they_o be_v in_o nature_n of_o the_o king_n husbandman_n and_o serve_v he_o and_o his_o family_n with_o victual_n the_o other_o because_o by_o their_o tenure_n they_o be_v bind_v to_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o burrow_n which_o in_o account_n be_v a_o limb_n or_o member_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o so_o in_o nature_n of_o a_o castle_n guard_n now_o as_o touch_v clerk_n and_o tenant_n in_o socage_n hold_v of_o a_o subject_n they_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o order_n of_o ancient_a use_n appear_v upon_o record_n as_o concern_v the_o clergy_n its_o evident_a by_o what_o have_v be_v former_o note_v that_o though_o they_o be_v importunate_a to_o be_v discharge_v of_o the_o service_n military_a in_o regard_n that_o their_o profession_n be_v for_o peace_n and_o not_o for_o blood_n yet_o can_v never_o obtain_v their_o desire_n for_o though_o their_o person_n may_v challenge_v exemption_n from_o that_o work_n yet_o their_o land_n be_v bind_v to_o find_v arm_n by_o their_o deputy_n for_o otherwise_o it_o have_v be_v unreasonable_a that_o so_o great_a a_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o the_o clergy_n then_o have_v shall_v sit_v still_o and_o look_v on_o while_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n every_o one_o be_v engage_v in_o his_o own_o defence_n nor_o 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or_o provide_v for_o future_a generation_n nevertheless_o if_o all_o be_v grant_v viz._n that_o this_o statute_n be_v but_o a_o present_a order_n that_o the_o arm_n therein_o be_v too_o slight_a to_o resist_v a_o enemy_n and_o the_o end_n thereof_o be_v only_o to_o enable_v the_o kingdom_n against_o thief_n and_o robber_n yet_o can_v not_o edward_n the_o first_o pretend_v to_o have_v any_o power_n to_o assess_v arm_n at_o pleasure_n upon_o occasion_n of_o war_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o precedent_n in_o story_n that_o countenance_v it_o seeing_z henry_n the_o third_z and_z henry_n the_o second_o in_o their_o course_n use_v the_o rule_n secundum_fw-la facultates_fw-la as_o have_v be_v former_o observe_v and_o the_o rule_n forego_v tend_v only_o to_o freeman_n and_o their_o land_n nor_o do_v king_n john_n disclaim_v the_o same_o but_o pursue_v it_o and_o yet_o if_o there_o be_v any_o precedent_n of_o prerogative_n in_o story_n which_o king_n john_n have_v not_o that_o king_n will_v be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o king_n of_o wonderment_n i_o say_v king_n john_n pursue_v it_o when_o he_o be_v in_o the_o strength_n of_o his_o distemper_n threaten_v by_o the_o pope_n provoke_v by_o the_o french_a king_n now_o ready_a in_o the_o field_n vex_v by_o his_o people_n and_o himself_o scarce_o himself_o summon_v to_o defend_v himself_o themselves_o 1213._o m_o paris_n an._n 1213._o and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n all_o man_n that_o ought_v to_o have_v arm_n or_o may_v have_v arm_n and_o such_o as_o have_v no_o amre_n and_o yet_o arma_fw-la habere_fw-la possint_fw-la let_v they_o also_o come_v ad_fw-la capiendum_fw-la solidatas_fw-la nostras_fw-la and_o according_o there_o come_v a_o vast_a number_n not_o only_o of_o the_o arm_a man_n but_o of_o the_o unarmed_a multitude_n who_o afterward_o be_v send_v to_o their_o own_o home_n when_o victual_n fail_v hitherto_o therefore_o king_n john_n not_o above_o three_o year_n before_o his_o death_n hold_v himself_o to_o the_o assessment_n to_o arm_n only_o of_o such_o as_o have_v land_n and_o at_o this_o time_n of_o exigency_n other_o unarmed_a be_v summon_v to_o take_v arm_n from_o the_o king_n with_o their_o pay_n or_o otherwise_o they_o must_v fight_v without_o weapon_n i_o be_o now_o come_v to_o the_o last_o general_a point_n which_o concern_v the_o executive_a power_n of_o matter_n concern_v the_o peace_n within_o this_o law_n touch_v which_o the_o statute_n enforce_v this_o that_o constable_n in_o every_o hundred_o and_o franchise_n shall_v have_v the_o view_n of_o arm_n and_o shall_v present_v default_n against_o the_o statute_n of_o justice_n assign_v who_o shall_v certify_v the_o same_o to_o the_o king_n in_o every_o parliament_n and_o the_o king_n shall_v provide_v remedy_n whereby_o it_o seem_v manifest_a that_o hitherto_o no_o law_n or_o custom_n be_v make_v against_o any_o for_o default_n of_o arm_n but_o only_o such_o as_o hold_v by_o that_o tenure_n and_o therefore_o they_o have_v a_o shift_n to_o cause_v they_o to_o swear_v to_o maintain_v arm_n and_o so_o may_v proceed_v upon_o default_n as_o in_o case_n of_o perjury_n and_o that_o the_o parliament_n be_v still_o loath_a to_o set_v any_o certain_a rule_n for_o penalty_n and_o absolute_o decline_v it_o and_o leave_v it_o under_o a_o general_a periculo_fw-la incumbente_fw-la which_o its_o likely_a man_n will_v rather_o eschew_v by_o obedience_n than_o adventure_n upon_o out_o of_o a_o dare_a spirit_n unless_o their_o case_n be_v very_o clear_a within_o the_o mercy_n of_o common_a reason_n and_o therefore_o such_o case_n be_v leave_v to_o special_a order_n of_o the_o parliament_n rather_o than_o they_o will_v deliver_v such_o a_o rod_n as_o determine_v power_n be_v over_o into_o any_o uncertain_a hand_n what_o ever_o it_o be_v very_o true_a that_o by_o the_o opinion_n of_o some_o this_o also_o have_v be_v controvert_v as_o if_o all_o the_o executive_a power_n have_v be_v turn_v out_o of_o the_o parliament_n order_n into_o the_o directory_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o which_o thing_n reach_v far_o for_o then_o in_o order_n thereunto_o the_o whole_a militia_n of_o the_o kingdom_n must_v have_v be_v under_o his_o safe_a command_n and_o whether_o it_o ever_o enter_v into_o the_o conceit_n of_o that_o king_n i_o know_v not_o but_o somewhat_o like_a thereunto_o be_v not_o obscure_o urge_v to_o nourish_v and_o suggest_v such_o a_o kind_n of_o notion_n and_o so_o derive_v it_o unto_o his_o successor_n upon_o the_o word_n of_o a_o statute_n de_fw-fr defension_n portandi_fw-la armorum_fw-la the_o english_a whereof_o i_o shall_v render_v out_o of_o the_o french_a as_o follow_v it_o belong_v to_o we_o viz._n edw._n 1._o and_o from_o we_o by_o our_o royal_a seignory_n to_o defend_v force_n of_o arm_n and_o all_o other_o force_n against_o our_o peace_n at_o all_o time_n that_o we_o shall_v please_v and_o to_o punish_v according_a to_o the_o law_n and_o usage_n of_o this_o realm_n such_o as_o shall_v oppose_v and_o to_o this_o they_o viz._n lord_n and_o commons_o be_v bind_v we_o to_o aid_v as_o their_o good_a lord_n always_o when_o need_n shall_v be_v two_o thing_n be_v concurrant_fw-la with_o this_o which_o be_v the_o body_n of_o the_o statute_n if_o such_o it_o be_v the_o one_o be_v the_o preface_n or_o the_o occasion_n and_o the_o second_o be_v the_o conclusion_n upon_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o same_o the_o preface_n first_o set_v down_o the_o inscription_n or_o direction_n of_o the_o law_n not_o to_o the_o people_n but_o to_o the_o justice_n of_o his_o bench_n and_o so_o it_o be_v in_o nature_n of_o a_o writ_n or_o declaration_n send_v unto_o his_o judge_n then_o it_o set_v down_o the_o occasion_n which_o be_v a_o debate_n between_o edw._n 1._o and_o his_o lord_n with_o a_o treaty_n which_o be_v have_v before_o certain_a person_n depute_v thereto_o and_o it_o be_v accord_v that_o at_o the_o next_o parliament_n order_n shall_v be_v take_v by_o common_a consent_n of_o the_o king_n the_o prelate_n earl_n and_o baron_n that_o in_o all_o parliament_n treaty_n and_o other_o assembly_n which_o shall_v be_v have_v in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n for_o ever_o after_o all_o man_n shall_v come_v thereto_o without_o force_n and_o without_o arm_n well_o and_o peaceable_o and_o thence_o it_o recite_v that_o the_o say_a meeting_n at_o parliament_n be_v have_v and_o that_o there_o the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n and_o cominalty_n be_v assemble_v to_o advise_v upon_o this_o matter_n nous_fw-fr eiont_fw-fr dit_fw-fr say_v one_o copy_n and_o nous_fw-fr eions_fw-fr dit_fw-fr say_v another_o copy_n so_o as_o whether_o this_o be_v the_o declaration_n of_o the_o king_n unto_o the_o parliament_n or_o of_o the_o parliament_n to_o the_o king_n be_v one_o doubt_n and_o a_o principal_a one_o it_o be_v in_o such_o a_o case_n as_o this_o then_o the_o conclusion_n of_o all_o be_v that_o the_o king_n command_v these_o thing_n shall_v be_v read_v before_o the_o justice_n in_o the_o bench_n and_o there_o enroll_v and_o this_o be_v date_v the_o 30._o of_o october_n in_o the_o seven_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n which_o be_v ann._n 1279._o so_o as_o if_o it_o be_v the_o declaration_n of_o the_o king_n than_o it_o impli_v as_o if_o it_o be_v not_o very_o well_o accept_v of_o the_o parliament_n and_o therefore_o the_o king_n will_v have_v it_o rest_v upon_o record_n in_o nature_n of_o a_o claim_n or_o protestando_fw-la for_o save_v the_o prerogative_n of_o the_o crown_n but_o if_o it_o be_v the_o declaration_n of_o the_o parliament_n the_o king_n hold_v it_o so_o precious_a a_o flower_n that_o fear_v it_o shall_v fade_v set_v it_o in_o a_o private_a garden_n of_o his_o own_o that_o it_o may_v be_v more_o careful_o nurse_v against_o the_o blast_n of_o time_n as_o if_o the_o parliament_n have_v not_o assent_v thereto_o or_o if_o they_o do_v mean_v not_o to_o hold_v it_o forth_o to_o the_o world_n for_o future_a time_n to_o be_v a_o constant_a rule_n but_o only_o by_o way_n of_o concession_n to_o ease_v themselves_o of_o the_o present_a difficulty_n in_o make_v a_o law_n against_o wear_v of_o armour_n in_o ordinary_a civil_a affair_n and_o so_o refer_v it_o to_o the_o king_n care_n to_o provide_v against_o imergent_a breach_n of_o the_o peace_n as_o a_o expedient_a for_o the_o present_a inconvenience_n in_o affair_n and_o it_o will_v well_o suit_n with_o the_o posture_n of_o affair_n then_o in_o course_n for_o the_o welsh_a war_n be_v now_o intermit_v and_o a_o quiet_a of_o three_o year_n ensue_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o which_o soldier_n have_v liberty_n to_o do_v nothing_o and_o that_o be_v next_o to_o naught_o but_o recreate_v themselves_o use_v their_o wont_a guise_n as_o if_o they_o be_v not_o dress_v that_o day_n that_o they_o be_v not_o arm_v nor_o fit_a for_o counsel_n
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