demeyne_n soit_fw-fr use_n solonque_fw-la le_fw-fr ancient_a usage_n deal_v lieu_n daunt_v en_fw-fr ascun_fw-fr 〈◊〉_d le_fw-fr â—ient_fw-fr leu_fw-fr pour_fw-fr usage_n que_fw-fr le_fw-fr heritage_n soit_fw-fr departable_a entre_fw-fr tout_fw-fr les_fw-fr enfants_fw-fr freres_fw-mi &_o sore_n &_o in_o ascun_fw-fr lieu_fw-fr que_fw-fr le_fw-fr eigne_n avera_fw-fr tout_fw-fr &_o in_o astun_n lieu_fw-fr que_fw-fr le_fw-fr puisne_n frere_fw-fr avera_fw-fr tout_fw-fr here_o you_o see_v several_a usage_n and_o the_o like_a with_o the_o usage_n of_o warham_n and_o all_o according_a to_o the_o usage_n of_o the_o place_n which_o be_v their_o gavel_n or_o tenure_n but_o to_o return_v to_o that_o which_o be_v common_o receive_v for_o gavelkind_n which_o be_v a_o partition_n among_o all_o the_o male_n notwithstanding_o the_o existency_n of_o female_n of_o which_o sort_n there_o be_v also_o many_o kind_n some_o that_o consider_v the_o elder_a as_o that_o in_o urchenfield_n other_o that_o have_v a_o great_a respect_n to_o the_o young_a as_o that_o in_o wales_n some_o sort_n more_o free_a other_o sorâ—_n more_o servile_a yet_o in_o wales_n it_o be_v all_o call_v per_fw-la eminentiam_fw-la gavel_n as_o be_v the_o common_a tenure_n there_o and_o indeed_o by_o my_o search_n among_o their_o law_n i_o can_v not_o perceive_v that_o they_o have_v any_o other_o and_o here_o i_o shall_v recite_v to_o you_o several_a law_n of_o howel-dda_a one_o whereof_o infer_v knights-service_n another_o wardship_n and_o all_o of_o they_o their_o gavel_n under_o the_o community_n of_o partition_n authorem_fw-la exit_fw-la leg_n howeli_fw-la boni_fw-la m_n s._n penes_fw-la authorem_fw-la the_o first_o be_v this_o si_fw-mi quis_fw-la habuit_fw-la plures_fw-la filios_fw-la &_o aliqui_fw-la eorum_fw-la vel_fw-la own_v praeter_fw-la unum_fw-la mortui_fw-la fuerint_fw-la ille_fw-la unus_fw-la hereditatem_fw-la omnem_fw-la habebit_fw-la si_fw-la potuerit_fw-la pro_fw-la heredictate_v sva_fw-la domino_fw-la respondere_fw-la here_o by_o law_n care_n be_v take_v that_o in_o case_n all_o the_o son_n shall_v die_v except_o one_o then_o that_o that_o one_o ought_v to_o enjoy_v the_o whole_a inheritance_n to_o which_o certain_o he_o have_v no_o right_n that_o be_v as_o to_o the_o whole_a have_v the_o other_o son_n live_v and_o the_o law_n be_v so_o general_a that_o it_o refer_v not_o especial_o to_o the_o elder_a or_o to_o the_o young_a but_o to_o any_o of_o the_o son_n who_o all_o alike_o have_v the_o same_o interest_n and_o propriety_n nevertheless_o this_o privilege_n be_v under_o a_o condition_n and_o that_o be_v sirpotuerit_fw-la pro_fw-la heredâ—tate_fw-la sva_fw-la domino_fw-la respondere_fw-la this_o answer_v to_o the_o lord_n be_v a_o comprehensive_a term_n of_o a_o military_a duty_n and_o all_o other_o referve_v exit_n of_o the_o land_n and_o a_o those_o â—aws_n be_v the_o usual_a expression_n whereby_o both_o military_a service_n and_o mailes_n be_v understand_v the_o law_n for_o wardship_n be_v this_o si_fw-mi terram_fw-la hereditatis_fw-la sue_v aliqua_fw-la parentela_n idâ—est_n gueily-gord_a inter_fw-la se_fw-la non_fw-la diviserit_fw-la quamvis_fw-la omnibus_fw-la aliis_fw-la defunctis_fw-la non_fw-la nisi_fw-la unus_fw-la unius_fw-la supersit_fw-la ipse_fw-la terram_fw-la habebit_fw-la at_o si_fw-la de_fw-la terra_fw-la illa_fw-la utpote_fw-la deficiens_fw-la jura_fw-la sva_fw-la regi_fw-la prestare_fw-la non_fw-la poterit_fw-la rex_fw-la terram_fw-la possidebit_fw-la donec_fw-la illesufficient_a pro_fw-la terra_n possit_fw-la respondere_fw-la in_o this_o law_n be_v not_o only_o a_o express_a of_o the_o tenure_n of_o partition_n but_o also_o the_o service_n due_a to_o the_o king_n from_o the_o land_n and_o a_o title_n of_o wardship_n to_o the_o king_n until_o the_o service_n by_o the_o proprietor_n can_v be_v sufficient_o perform_v and_o although_o mr._n campden_n treat_v of_o the_o court_n of_o ward_n say_v veteri_fw-la enim_fw-la instituto_fw-la è_fw-la normannia_n deducto_fw-la &_o non_fw-la ab_fw-la henrico_n tertio_fw-la yet_o this_o show_v the_o britain_n have_v it_o before_o the_o norman_a conquest_n &_o that_o our_o policy_n be_v not_o whole_o derive_v from_o beyond_o the_o sea_n to_o make_v out_o which_o many_o writer_n be_v very_o fond_a but_o that_o ancient_o our_o britain_n have_v that_o wisdom_n in_o themselves_o and_o such_o politic_a custom_n among_o themselves_o that_o show_v the_o little_a need_n they_o have_v of_o borrow_v from_o other_o and_o i_o believe_v this_o be_v as_o ancient_a a_o express_a of_o wardship_n as_o may_v be_v find_v certain_a i_o be_o it_o be_v the_o ancient_a i_o have_v meet_v with_o and_o notwithstanding_o the_o britain_n have_v it_o among_o they_o before_o their_o acquaintance_n with_o the_o norman_n yet_o that_o which_o mr._n campden_n write_v may_v be_v true_a if_o he_o mean_v only_o the_o court_n of_o ward_n but_o the_o tenure_n by_o wardship_n enjoy_v that_o antiquity_n i_o before_o have_v show_v but_o a_o little_a to_o consider_v the_o form_n and_o manner_n use_v in_o the_o composure_n of_o these_o welsh_a law_n i_o observe_v that_o frequent_o it_o occurr_v among_o they_o that_o the_o expression_n of_o the_o significatum_fw-la in_o the_o latin_a be_v explain_v by_o the_o british_a term_n and_o be_v not_o in_o those_o time_n as_o some_o may_v imagine_v and_o ignotum_fw-la per_fw-la ignotius_fw-la but_o a_o ready_a and_o prompt_a way_n to_o make_v the_o law_n facile_a and_o easy_a to_o the_o understanding_n of_o the_o concern_v subject_n aliqua_fw-la parentela_fw-la do_v not_o so_o full_o explain_v the_o design_n of_o the_o law_n as_o it_o be_v with_o id_fw-la est_fw-la gueily-gord_a which_o word_n turn_v into_o latin_a signify_v ex_fw-la amore_fw-la lecti_fw-la aut_fw-la concubitus_fw-la and_o be_v derive_v from_o gwe_o lectus_fw-la &_o cubile_fw-la and_o gordd_v malleus_fw-la it_o be_v etc._n etc._n the_o mawl_v of_o the_o bed_n or_o the_o effect_n of_o beddmalleat_v a_o expression_n use_v by_o the_o britain_n to_o difference_n such_o child_n as_o be_v legitimate_a bear_v in_o the_o true_a bed_n of_o wedlock_n from_o illegitimate_a or_o such_o as_o be_v bear_v in_o bastardy_n yet_o for_o these_o there_o be_v a_o provision_n in_o the_o law_n but_o that_o be_v ex_fw-la patris_fw-la benevolentia_fw-la here_o in_o this_o law_n the_o title_n of_o partition_n be_v make_v out_o yet_o so_o that_o in_o all_o case_n the_o land_n must_v not_o be_v of_o necessity_n subject_a unto_o it_o for_o if_o the_o legitimate_a child_n have_v not_o divide_v the_o land_n and_o it_o shall_v chance_v that_o all_o of_o they_o die_v except_o one_o that_o one_o shall_v have_v all_o the_o land_n upon_o that_o condition_n before_o speak_v of_o but_o in_o case_n that_o the_o land_n be_v divide_v among_o the_o son_n and_o after_o this_o division_n one_o of_o they_o die_v what_o shall_v become_v of_o his_o part_n and_o apportionment_n this_o objection_n be_v solve_v by_o another_o of_o their_o law_n which_o that_o it_o may_v not_o want_v any_o thing_n to_o the_o full_a explanation_n thereof_o i_o will_v bestow_v the_o transcribe_v of_o it_o the_o rather_o because_o in_o all_o part_n it_o confirm_v the_o british_a tenure_n or_o gavel_n and_o be_v this_o si_fw-mi aliqua_fw-la progeny_n inter_fw-la se_fw-la dividerit_fw-la here_v tatem_fw-la &_o post_fw-la aliqui_fw-la eorum_fw-la defecerint_fw-la pars_fw-la eorum_fw-la in_o manu_fw-la regis_fw-la cadet_fw-la quia_fw-la alii_fw-la part_n svas_fw-la secundum_fw-la divisionis_fw-la rationem_fw-la habuerint_fw-la here_o it_o be_v provide_v that_o the_o progeny_n must_v inter_v se_fw-la hereditatem_fw-la dividere_fw-la and_o than_o if_o any_o portioner_n die_v after_o the_o partition_n the_o part_n or_o portion_n of_o the_o decease_a escheat_n to_o the_o king_n and_o the_o reason_n and_o ground_n thereof_o be_v there_o render_v quia_fw-la alii_fw-la part_n svas_fw-la secundum_fw-la divisionis_fw-la rationem_fw-la habuerunt_fw-la because_o that_o each_o one_o have_v his_o share_n or_o apportionment_n according_a to_o the_o rule_n or_o law_n of_o divide_v or_o part_v but_o because_o mr._n s._n do_v write_v of_o the_o great_a privilege_n belong_v to_o kent_n by_o this_o tenure_n i_o shall_v make_v in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n chap._n viii_o a_o competition_n of_o privilege_n betwixt_o kent_n and_o urchenfield_n much_o of_o my_o enquiry_n have_v in_o these_o last_o chapter_n be_v spend_v about_o the_o singularity_n of_o the_o tenure_n of_o gavelkind_n in_o kent_n i_o now_o proceed_v to_o show_v a_o competition_n in_o privilege_n betwixt_o other_o place_n subject_v to_o this_o tenure_n and_o kent_n for_o that_o mr._n s._n say_v in_o his_o 53._o page_n kentish_a gavelkind_n consist_v of_o many_o singular_a property_n which_o may_v as_o well_o challenge_v a_o share_n and_o right_n in_o the_o custom_n name_n as_o may_v that_o of_o partition_n such_o as_o dower_n of_o the_o moiety_n not_o to_o forfeit_v land_n for_o felony_n and_o the_o like_a i_o believe_v not_o either_o partition_n or_o any_o of_o those_o mention_a privilege_n have_v a_o share_n or_o right_v in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o custom_n which_o i_o shall_v discourse_v hereafter_o nor_o that_o
britain_n fol._n 14_o repulse_v by_o the_o britain_n ibid._n he_o conquer_a not_o britain_n ibid._n calumniare_fw-la in_o law_n what_o fol._n 65_o camolodunum_n fol._n 34_o cambria_n camber_n cwmrt_n cwmraeg_n fol._n 86_o cantref_n what_o fol._n 96_o canutus_n his_o law_n of_o partition_n fol._n 141_o 142_o 143_o caractacus_n prince_n of_o the_o silures_n fol._n 34_o he_o assert_v the_o british_a liberty_n ibid._n his_o protestation_n before_o battle_n ibid._n castle_n on_o border_n of_o scotland_n etc._n etc._n fol._n 79_o cattle_n of_o more_o value_v than_o land_n fol._n 28_o cattle_n dischage_v fine_n &_o amerciament_n fol._n 29_o cerdiford_n in_o hampshire_n out_o of_o domesdey_n fol._n 65_o cennedl_n what_o fol._n 132_o character_n of_o saxon_a fol._n 76_o charter_n of_o saxon_a sign_v by_o the_o norman_a king_n fol._n 76_o change_n from_o villeinage_n to_o gavelkind_n fol._n 157_o 158_o chief_a justice_n fol._n 69_o chief_n in_o urchenfield_n fol._n 110_o chedder_n in_o somersetshire_n fol._n 117_o child_n no_o kindred_n to_o the_o parent_n fol._n 131_o churl_n what_o fol._n 168_o city_n their_o original_a fol._n 7_o claudius_n his_o temple_n fol._n 34_o claim_v and_o recovery_n of_o land_n against_o norman_n fol._n 65_o clergyman_n gentleman_n by_o the_o welsh_a law_n fol._n 173_o clown_n or_o colonus_n what_o fol._n 168_o 177_o cohabitancia_n what_o fol._n 7_o conan_n tindaethwy_n fol._n 26_o conquest_n and_o conqueror_n what_o fol._n 56_o coverfeu_n fol._n 74_o constantine_n the_o great_a fol._n 87_o common_a law_n fol._n 69_o 145_o county_n not_o ancient_o in_o wales_n fol._n 94_o competition_n betwixt_o kent_n and_o urchenfield_n fol._n 106_o cornish_a understand_v base_a british_a and_o welsh_a fol._n 146_o cottager_n and_o cottage_n what_o fol._n 169_o cuntune_v in_o hampshire_n fol._n 66_o custom_n that_o be_v ancient_a fol._n 70_o 150_o custom_n of_o the_o welsh_a fol._n 71_o 132_o cwmmwd_n what_o fol._n 96_o custom_n and_o common_a right_a fol._n 152_o d._n d._n davies_n his_o welsh_a dictionary_n fol._n 98_o danelaege_n what_o fol._n 54_o 57_o 58_o danish_a impression_n on_o our_o law_n fol._n 54_o 55_o daniel_n samuel_n examine_v fol._n 57_o deed_n for_o gavelkind_a fol._n 124_o 125_o 126_o deed_n explain_v produce_v by_o mr._n s._n ibid._n discourse_n polemical_a much_o irregular_a fol._n 3_o division_n intestine_a facilitate_v conquest_n fol._n 16_o division_n of_o wales_n fol._n 96_o domboc_n what_o fol._n 53_o 54_o domesman_n what_o fol._n 110_o 111_o donald_n the_o 5_o lose_a scotland_n to_o the_o saxon_n etc._n etc._n fol._n 163_o 164_o ðâ—pihinge_n what_o fol._n 70_o druid_n fol._n 16_o the_o british_a judge_n fol._n 17_o their_o learning_n ibid._n their_o judicial_a employment_n ibid._n their_o determination_n of_o right_a ibid._n cause_v execution_n of_o penal_a law_n ibid._n britain_n their_o gymnasium_n fol._n 17_o they_o cease_v fol._n 19_o dubritius_fw-la prince_n and_o bishop_n fol._n 90_o dûn_n what_o it_o signify_v fol._n 116_o dun_n a_o paix_fw-fr in_o scotland_n fol._n 165_o 166_o dutch_a landscheuten_n what_o fol._n 136_o 137_o e._n edgar_z king_n his_o law_n what_o fol._n 54_o 55_o confirm_v by_o the_o conqueror_n fol._n 58_o edgar_n etheling_n fol._n 60_o edlin_n expound_v fol._n 49_o edward_n king_n his_o law_n fol._n 55_o confirm_v by_o the_o conqueror_n fol._n 58_o 59_o edward_n king_n his_o law_n concern_v the_o welsh_a fol._n 51_o 52_o edwin_n and_o morchar_n earl_n fol._n 6â—_n edric_n silvaticus_n or_o savage_a fol._n 7â—_n elder_a son_n among_o the_o britain_n fol._n 49_o english_a recover_v land_n against_o the_o norman_n fol._n 65_o 66_o english_a normanize_v fol._n 76_o england_n fol._n 87_o english_a settle_v in_o scotland_n fol._n 162_o engine_n or_o urchinfield_n their_o king_n fol._n 44_o 45_o error_n once_o receive_v and_o take_v for_o grant_v fol._n 2_o erdisley_n in_o herefordshire_n fol._n 79_o escuage_z ancient_o fol._n 171_o ethelbert_n king_n his_o translation_n of_o the_o welsh_a law_n fol._n 53_o ethelred_n king_n his_o law_n of_o trial_n fol._n 64_o eubages_fw-la british_a philosopher_n fol._n 20_o exchequer_n when_o erect_v fol._n 74_o f._n fashion_n saxon_a and_o norman_a fol._n 74_o 75_o fealty_n or_o allegiance_n very_o ancient_a fol._n 55_o fee_n feudum_fw-la or_o feodum_fw-la what_o fol._n 170_o 171._o fee-tayl_n its_o original_a fol._n 170_o feminine_a conduct_n among_o the_o britain_n fol._n 33_o feofamentum_fw-la vetus_fw-la &_o novum_fw-la fol._n 140_o fight_a form_n change_v by_o the_o english_a fol._n 77_o for-gavel_a fol._n 118_o fortification_n of_o roman_n saxon_n and_o norman_n fol._n 77_o 78_o 79_o forfeiture_n of_o land_n upon_o what_o ground_n to_o king_n william_n fol._n 67_o 68_o fortalices_fw-la fol._n 79_o fortify_v house_n ancient_a ib._n foster-children_n in_o wales_n divide_v with_o foster-brethren_n fol._n 28_o freeman_n or_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la what_o fol._n 108_o french_a do_v use_v partition_n fol._n 11_o french_a tenure_n of_o partition_n fol._n 12_o french_a how_o use_v in_o our_o law_n fol._n 69_o g._n gable_n gablum_fw-la gabulum_fw-la what_o fol._n 113_o 114_o 115_o gabelle_n among_o the_o french_a fol._n 114_o gablum_fw-la signify_v rend_v fol._n 116_o 117_o 158_o 159_o gablatores_fw-la fol._n 117_o gabella_n fol._n 123_o galfridus_n monumethensis_fw-la defend_v against_o polydore_n virgil_n fol._n 83_o gallic_a custom_n fol._n 11_o gallic_a colony_n fol._n 12_o gavel_n as_o mr._n s._n expound_v it_o what_o fol._n 112_o gavel-gyldam_a fol._n 119_o gavel-man_n fol._n 120_o gavelate_v a_o writ_n fol._n 121_o 122_o 123_o gavel_n in_o denomination_n fol._n 89_o 90_o in_o the_o british_a dictionary_n fol._n 92_o what_o it_o signify_v fol._n 92_o 93_o not_o impose_v by_o the_o norman_n fol._n 95_o use_v in_o welsh_a subdivision_n of_o land_n fol._n 96_o several_a sort_n of_o gavel_n fol._n 102_o 103_o welsh_a law_n for_o gavelkynd_n fol._n 103_o 104_o 105_o 106_o gavelkynd_n a_o mark_n of_o the_o ancient_n briton_n fol._n 152_o 153_o the_o hinge_n of_o the_o british_a law_n fol._n 155_o 156_o gavelkind_n in_o scotland_n fol._n 159_o gavelkind_n throughout_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n fol._n 4_o in_o all_o first_o plantation_n fol._n 5_o antiquity_n of_o it_o fol._n 18_o 137_o among_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n fol._n 24_o the_o signification_n of_o it_o fol._n 26_o the_o evil_a and_o mischief_n of_o it_o fol._n 27_o 81._o the_o best_a use_n of_o it_o fol._n 27_o that_o it_o be_v extra_fw-la cantium_n fol._n 89_o 151_o gavelkind_n in_o the_o term_n owe_v itself_o to_o partition_n fol._n 149_o gavelkind_n in_o the_o statute_n of_o wales_n fol._n 98_o practise_v in_o urchenfield_n fol._n 100_o hold_v rend_v free_a fol._n 123_o 124_o gavel-kind_n land_n in_o the_o king_n fol._n 128_o grant_v to_o hospital_n how_o fol._n 124_o 128_o 129_o grant_v to_o religious_a society_n fol._n 129_o not_o to_o be_v forfeit_v for_o felony_n fol._n 106_o 107_o garrison_n of_o norman_n in_o hereford_n before_o william_n the_o first_o fol._n 78_o gentleman_n by_o the_o british_a law_n fol._n 172_o 173_o german_a custom_n ancient_o fol._n 7_o german_a partition_n in_o principality_n fol._n 9_o 137_o german_a partition_n in_o private_a estate_n fol._n 9_o german_a partition_n evict_v by_o a_o jest_n fol._n 9_o 10_o german_a landscheutan_n what_o fol._n 136_o 137_o give-all-kynne_n fol._n 130_o 131_o gildas_n camberius_n translate_v molmutius_n law_n into_o latin_a fol._n 154_o glamorganshire_n conquer_a fol._n 94_o gothick_n work_v use_v by_o the_o saxon_n fol._n 80_o guorongus_n viceroy_n of_o kent_n fol._n 41_o gueily-gord_a what_o fol._n 105_o gymnasium_n of_o the_o druid_n be_v in_o britain_n fol._n 17_o h._n hacana_n and_o westanheconi_n what_o fol._n 44_o 45_o hecanae_n wulfhardus_fw-la episcopus_fw-la fol._n 44_o hengist_n and_o horsus_n fol._n 37_o hengists_n reception_n of_o kent_n examine_v fol._n 37_o etc._n etc._n how_o hengist_n have_v kent_n fol._n 45_o he_o alter_v not_o the_o kentish_a law_n fol._n 49_o heutland_n fol._n 90_o henry_n the_o first_o command_v the_o observation_n of_o king_n edward_n law_n fol._n 61_o his_o law_n of_o partition_n fol._n 144_o hereditary_a succession_n among_o the_o britain_n fol._n 18_o heriot_n fol._n 108_o herring-gable_n fol._n 116_o highlander_n in_o scotland_n ancient_o britain_n fol._n 160_o hony-gavel_a fol._n 118_o howeldha_n fol._n 25_o he_o make_v not_o the_o welsh_a law_n fol._n 153_o 154_o when_o those_o law_n ascribe_v to_o he_o be_v compile_v fol._n 97_o hugo_n the_o port_n against_o picot_n fol._n 66_o 67_o i._n i_o arsey_n isle_n fol._n 11._o 95_o no_o venomous_a creature_n therein_o ibid._n ina_n king_n his_o law_n concern_v the_o welsh_a fol._n 50_o 51._o 64_o joseph_n of_o arimathea_n fol._n 32_o irish_a rhein-taloon_a or_o partition_n fol._n 99_o irish_a and_o welsh_a one_o language_n original_o fol._n 145_o irish_a and_o british_a law_n agree_v fol._n 153_o irish_a understand_v the_o manc_n and_o highland_n language_n fol._n 146_o ireland_n
of_o wherein_o he_o affirm_v that_o the_o tâ—tm_a gavelkind_n be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v though_o the_o castom_n of_o partition_n be_v there_o in_o mention_v which_o without_o any_o great_a trouble_n all_o thing_n consider_v may_v argue_v it_o to_o be_v a_o british_a custom_n yet_o confess_v that_o the_o parliament_n in_o the_o statute_n of_o 34_o hen._n 8._o can_n 26._o do_v make_v use_n of_o the_o word_n gavelkind_n but_o how_o say_v he_o question_v and_o then_o resolve_v it_o only_o as_o bâ—rrowed_v to_o help_v to_o describe_v and_o illustrate_v that_o partible_a quality_n of_o the_o land_n in_o wales_n therein_o mention_v and_o that_o it_o be_v transmit_v by_o our_o lawyer_n who_o borrow_v the_o term_n to_o make_v use_n of_o it_o foâ—_n illustration_n sake_n but_o with_o pardon_n i_o shall_v â—ence_o â—â—ferr_v that_o it_o pass_v there_o as_o a_o most_o natural_a and_o genuine_a expression_n and_o be_v proper_o a_o peculiar_a of_o their_o own_o upon_o the_o ground_n before_o set_v down_o as_o for_o the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o ireland_n rhannu_fw-fr i_o be_o inform_v by_o the_o irish_a that_o their_o rhein-ta-loon_n which_o be_v their_o part_n of_o land_n be_v general_o among_o the_o commonalty_n and_o be_v like_o that_o oâ—_n the_o country_n of_o flanders_n where_o daughter_n share_v as_o well_o as_o the_o son_n and_o spread_v all_o over_o that_o country_n also_o the_o like_a to_o which_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o in_o wareham_n in_o dorsetshire_n in_o the_o next_o chapter_n râ—ein_n in_o the_o irish_a be_v to_o part_n and_o i_o believe_v come_v from_o the_o british_a rhannu_fw-fr i_o have_v little_a to_o say_v except_o it_o be_v that_o when_o king_n john_n overthrow_v the_o brehon_n law_n anno_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la 12._o and_o then_o settle_v the_o english_a law_n that_o this_o tenure_n of_o partition_n may_v probable_o receive_v a_o great_a abatement_n of_o its_o common_a usage_n and_o force_n among_o they_o who_o it_o seem_v have_v the_o footstep_n and_o remainder_n thereof_o very_o visible_a unto_o these_o our_o day_n but_o in_o this_o i_o shall_v desire_v to_o be_v excuse_v as_o not_o have_v inform_v myself_o sufficient_o so_o as_o to_o make_v a_o satisfactory_a discourse_n thereof_o confess_v myself_o much_o ignorant_a in_o that_o history_n and_o shall_v proceed_v in_o the_o discourse_n chap._n vii_o of_o soveral_a custom_n of_o descent_n of_o land_n of_o the_o welsh_a law_n of_o partition_n of_o knights-sâ—rvice_a and_o wardship_n among_o they_o still_o it_o be_v that_o mr._n s._n go_v about_o to_o confine_v the_o knowledge_n of_o gavelkind_a to_o the_o circuit_n of_o kent_n and_o will_v not_o allow_v it_o gavelkind_a in_o any_o other_o country_n but_o that_o for_o in_o pag._n 49._o he_o say_v thus_o what_o else_o where_o i_o mean_v in_o other_o shire_n and_o county_n they_o proper_o call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o socage_n whether_o free_a or_o base_a we_o here_o in_o kent_n be_v wont_a to_o call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o gavelkind_n or_o if_o you_o please_v in_o mr._n lambards_n expression_n all_o socage-service_n here_o proper_o so_o call_v be_v clothe_v with_o the_o apparel_n of_o gavelkind_n and_o under_o it_o in_o a_o large_a acception_n be_v understand_v all_o such_o land_n within_o the_o county_n as_o be_v not_o knights-fee_n or_o knights-service-land_n the_o term_n serve_v here_o to_o contra-distinguish_a it_o from_o knights-service-land_n but_o let_v a_o man_n go_v into_o urchinfield_n in_o the_o county_n of_o hereford_n and_o inquire_v of_o a_o inhabitant_n thereof_o in_o what_o manner_n land_n there_o be_v hold_v he_o will_v ready_o and_o speedy_o resolve_v he_o that_o they_o be_v subject_a to_o gavelkind_n and_o as_o full_o inform_v you_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o that_o their_o tenure_n viz._n that_o by_o it_o their_o land_n be_v all_o partible_a among_o the_o male_n and_o in_o defect_n of_o they_o among_o the_o female_n as_o other_o land_n of_o inheritance_n be_v throughout_o england_n i_o have_v meet_v with_o another_o kind_n and_o fort_n of_o partition_n which_o i_o dare_v venture_v to_o call_v gavelkind_a and_o be_v very_o unusual_a because_o by_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o place_n both_o male_n and_o female_n have_v a_o right_n equal_o in_o the_o partition_n i_o think_v it_o may_v not_o prove_v displease_v to_o insert_v the_o record_n as_o it_o be_v show_v to_o i_o by_o my_o industrious_a friend_n mr._n falconbridge_n to_o who_o for_o this_o and_o many_o other_o favour_n i_o must_v acknowledge_v myself_o with_o much-gratefulness_n indebt_v and_o thus_o it_o be_v in_o the_o office_n of_o the_o chamberlain_n of_o the_o exchequer_n of_o receipt_n be_v the_o like_a as_o i_o find_v it_o in_o flanders_n and_o the_o same_o with_o that_o in_o ireland_n dorset_n placita_fw-la de_fw-la jurat_fw-la be_v &_o assiss_n anno_fw-la 16._o edw._n 1._o metingh_n edwardus_fw-la kaynel_n maria_fw-la filia_fw-la roberti_n de_fw-la camma_fw-la report_n the_o irish_a have_v the_o same_o manner_n of_o partition_n davies-irish_a report_n jobanne_n bereset_v &_o matill_o uxor_fw-la ejus_fw-la &_o johanna_n soror_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la matill_o petunt_fw-la versus_fw-la johannem_fw-la alfrith_n de_fw-fr warham_n unum_fw-la toftum_fw-la cum_fw-la pertinentiis_fw-la in_o warham_n de_fw-fr quo_fw-la johannes_n gerard._n consanguineus_fw-la predictorum_fw-la edwardi_fw-la mariae_fw-la matill_o &_o johannae_n cujus_fw-la haeredes_fw-la ipsi_fw-la sunt_fw-la fuit_fw-la seisitus_fw-la in_o dominico_n svo_fw-la ut_fw-la de_fw-la feodo_fw-la die_fw-la quo_fw-la obiit_fw-la etc._n etc._n unde_fw-la dicunt_fw-la etc._n etc._n et_fw-la johannes_n venit_fw-la &_o dicit_fw-la quod_fw-la tenementa_fw-la in_o warham_n sunt_fw-la partibilia_fw-la inter_fw-la mascuâ—os_fw-la &_o femellas_fw-la &_o dicit_fw-la quod_fw-la predictus_fw-la edwardus_fw-la habet_fw-la quasdam_fw-la gunnoram_fw-la matill_o christianam_fw-la albredam_fw-la &_o eufemiam_fw-la sorores_fw-la &_o participes_fw-la ipsius_fw-la edwardi_fw-la &_o aliorum_fw-la petentium_fw-la &_o que_fw-la tantum_fw-la jus_o habent_fw-la in_o re_fw-la petita_fw-la sicut_fw-la etc._n etc._n &_o que_fw-la non_fw-la nominantur_fw-la in_o bâ—evi_fw-la unde_fw-la petit_fw-la judicium_fw-la de_fw-fr brevi_fw-la etc._n etc._n &_o edwardus_fw-la &_o alii_fw-la non_fw-la possunt_fw-la hoc_fw-la dedicere_fw-la ideo_fw-la consideratum_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la praedictus_fw-la johannes_n eat_v inde_fw-la sine_fw-la die_fw-la etc._n etc._n this_o though_o it_o may_v seem_v strange_a yet_o may_v proper_o enough_o be_v call_v a_o gavelkind_n for_o let_v the_o custom_n of_o any_o place_n be_v according_a to_o the_o usual_a or_o unusual_a way_n of_o partition_n it_o be_v but_o the_o tenure_n of_o that_o place_n and_o will_v come_v well_o enough_o under_o that_o denomination_n and_o that_o which_o mr._n s._n bring_v in_o his_o 49_o page_n as_o a_o solution_n to_o a_o objection_n viz._n that_o it_o be_v no_o other_o than_o a_o custom_n general_o spread_v itself_o throughout_o the_o whole_a country_n in_o land_n of_o that_o nature_n shall_v have_v be_v thus_o lay_v down_o without_o confine_v it_o to_o the_o county_n of_o kent_n viz._n throughout_o any_o country_n or_o all_o country_n in_o land_n of_o that_o nature_n for_o so_o indeed_o it_o be_v in_o the_o village_n round_o the_o city_n of_o hereford_n 211._o item_n lou_n per_fw-la custonie_n appel_n burgh-english_a en_fw-fr ascun_fw-fr burgh_n le_fw-fr fit_v puisn_a inherita_fw-la tout_fw-fr les_fw-fr tenement_n etc._n etc._n littleton_n lib._n 2._o sect._n 211._o i_o find_v their_o land_n be_v all_o hold_v in_o the_o tenure_n of_o borough-english_a where_o without_o difficulty_n i_o conclude_v that_o it_o be_v a_o custom_n spread_v itself_o throughout_o those_o parish_n and_o village_n in_o land_n of_o that_o nature_n neither_o can_v it_o be_v otherwise_o but_o that_o the_o young_a son_n ought_v to_o be_v and_o must_v by_o law_n be_v find_v heir_n so_o long_o as_o that_o land_n remain_v under_o the_o same_o service_n and_o copy-holdings_a of_o their_o respective_a manor_n and_o the_o suitor_n here_o do_v as_o much_o stand_v upon_o their_o custom_n as_o in_o urchenfield_n they_o insist_v upon_o their_o custom_n of_o partition_n among_o the_o male_n or_o as_o wareham_n in_o dorsetshire_n among_o both_o male_n and_o female_n another_o sort_n of_o usage_n in_o the_o tenure_n of_o burgh-english_a be_v mention_v by_o sir_n edward_n coke_n upon_o 211._o upon_o lib._n 2._o cap._n 11._o sect._n 211._o littleton_n in_o these_o word_n within_o the_o manor_n of_o b._n in_o the_o county_n of_o berk_n there_o be_v such_o a_o custom_n that_o if_o a_o man_n have_v divers_a daughter_n and_o no_o son_n and_o die_v the_o elder_a daughter_n shall_v only_o inherit_v and_o if_o he_o have_v no_o daughter_n but_o sister_n the_o elder_a sister_n by_o the_o custom_n shall_v inherit_v and_o sometime_o the_o young_a and_o divers_a other_o custom_n there_o be_v in_o like_a case_n and_o bring_v in_o britton_n to_o strengthen_v he_o and_o to_o confirm_v what_o i_o have_v say_v say_v de_fw-fr terres_fw-la des_fw-fr ancienes_fw-fr
the_o singular_a property_n of_o that_o land_n in_o kent_n come_v near_o to_o that_o in_o urchenfield_n 2._o urchenfield_n kanc._n rot._n tur._n lond._n claus_n 8._o rich._n 2._o m._n 2._o i_o grant_v they_o be_v the_o same_o in_o case_n of_o felony_n for_o i_o find_v it_o record_v rob._n bonehatch_n be_v hang_v for_o felony_n the_o sheriff_n of_o kent_n seize_v on_o his_o land_n in_o chertham_n hold_v of_o the_o archbishop_n in_o gavelkind_n the_o king_n write_v thus_o to_o the_o then_o sheriff_n quod_fw-la reginaldus_n dyke_n nuper_fw-la vic._n come_v predicti_fw-la habuit_fw-la inde_fw-la annum_fw-la diem_fw-la &_o vastum_fw-la non_fw-la obstante_fw-la quod_fw-la ex_fw-la antiqua_fw-la consuetudine_fw-la approbata_fw-la usitata_fw-la &_o allocata_fw-la de_fw-la ten._n que_fw-la sic_fw-la tenentur_fw-la secundum_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la de_fw-la gavelkind_n in_o hoc_fw-la casu_fw-la nos_fw-la habere_fw-la non_fw-la deberemus_fw-la annum_fw-la diem_fw-la neque_fw-la vastum_fw-la nec_fw-la capitales_fw-la domini_fw-la inde_fw-la escaetam_fw-la set_v proximi_fw-la haeredes_fw-la sic_fw-la convictorum_fw-la &_o suspensorum_fw-la haereditatem_fw-la svam_fw-la immediate_a consequuntur_fw-la felonia_fw-la illa_fw-la non_fw-la obstante_fw-la this_o be_v the_o right_n of_o both_o and_o of_o all_o wales_n i_o will_v not_o here_o compare_v the_o extent_n of_o the_o two_o region_n together_o but_o yet_o a_o small_a matter_n will_v persuade_v i_o to_o believe_v that_o at_o this_o instant_a day_n there_o be_v as_o much_o land_n subject_n to_o gavelkind_n in_o urchenfield_n as_o there_o be_v in_o kent_n and_o here_o first_o let_v we_o observe_v that_o the_o land_n that_o be_v thus_o partible_a can_v be_v hold_v or_o receive_v to_o contra-distinguish_a it_o from_o knights-service-land_n for_o if_o it_o be_v not_o hold_v by_o all_o or_o most_o of_o those_o tie_n and_o bond_n by_o which_o knight-service-land_n be_v invest_v it_o must_v then_o hold_v by_o some_o other_o servile_a or_o base_a tenor_n therefore_o the_o honourable_a service_n of_o the_o land_n in_o urchenfield_n by_o their_o tenure_n be_v in_o gross_a record_v in_o domesdey_n book_n thus_o in_o arcenefelde_v habet_fw-la rex_fw-la c._n sccii_fw-la domesd_v penes_fw-la cam._n sccii_fw-la homines_fw-la iu_o minus_fw-la qui_fw-la habent_fw-la lxxiii_o car_fw-fr cum_fw-la suis_fw-la hominibus_fw-la &_o daunt_v de_fw-fr consuetudine_fw-la xli_o sextarios_fw-la mellis_fw-la &_o xx._n solid_a pro_fw-la ovibus_fw-la quas_fw-la solebant_fw-la dare_v &_o x._o solid_a pro_fw-la fumagio_fw-it nec_fw-la daunt_v geldam_fw-la aut_fw-la aliam_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la nisi_fw-la quod_fw-la pergunt_fw-la in_o exercitu_fw-la regis_fw-la si_fw-la jussum_fw-la eye_v fuerit_fw-la these_o ninety_o six_o man_n here_o speak_v of_o i_o reckon_v they_o to_o be_v liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la yet_o such_o as_o hold_v in_o gavelkind_n and_o the_o seventy_o and_o three_o plough_n with_o their_o man_n i_o look_v upon_o they_o to_o be_v their_o villani_n and_o both_o liberi_fw-la &_o villani_fw-la to_o hold_v their_o land_n in_o gavelkind_n for_o that_o i_o find_v all_o their_o land_n in_o that_o territory_n which_o consist_v of_o two_o hundred_o be_v so_o hold_v to_o this_o day_n you_o find_v they_o free_a from_o payment_n and_o custom_n ancient_o impose_v upon_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o nation_n because_o as_o a_o special_a remark_n it_o be_v say_v nec_fw-la daunt_v geldam_fw-la aut_fw-la aliam_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la unless_o it_o be_v to_o march_v in_o the_o king_n army_n when_o they_o be_v command_v yet_o pay_v as_o the_o rest_n of_o wales_n do_v their_o tatu-fooch_a and_o talu-ffurn_a this_o last_o be_v the_o fumagium_fw-la there_o record_v and_o be_v a_o payment_n for_o fire_n whether_o peter-pence_n or_o no_o i_o be_o not_o certain_a but_o incline_v to_o the_o negative_a because_o it_o be_v pay_v still_o to_o lord_n of_o manor_n general_o over_o wales_n to_o this_o day_n but_o to_o clear_v the_o distinction_n that_o i_o make_v just_a now_o of_o freeman_n and_o villain_n in_o urchenfield_n that_o so_o i_o may_v not_o seem_v to_o speak_v without_o book_n i_o gather_v it_o out_o of_o the_o same_o record_n which_o in_o the_o next_o paragraph_n give_v a_o further_a account_n in_o these_o word_n domesd_v si_fw-la libre_fw-la homo_fw-la ibi_fw-la moritur_fw-la rex_fw-la habet_fw-la caballum_fw-la ejus_fw-la cum_fw-la armis_fw-la de_fw-la villano_n cum_fw-la moritur_fw-la habet_fw-la rex_fw-la unum_fw-la bovem_fw-la the_o first_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v relief_n from_o those_o that_o hold_v by_o knights-service_n because_o his_o horse_n and_o arm_n when_o he_o die_v do_v belong_v to_o the_o king_n the_o second_o to_o be_v heriot_n both_o which_o be_v ancient_a british_a custom_n as_o you_o may_v perceive_v by_o the_o conclusion_n of_o all_o the_o custom_n these_o man_n have_v the_o chief_a honour_n in_o the_o army_n give_v to_o they_o for_o cum_fw-la exercitus_fw-la in_o hostem_fw-la pergit_fw-la domesd_v ipsi_fw-la per_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la faciunt_fw-la avauntwarde_a &_o reverstone_n redrewarde_o they_o do_v lead_v the_o vann_n to_o fight_v and_o out_o of_o the_o field_n bring_v up_o the_o rear_n these_o honour_n be_v not_o the_o least_o in_o those_o day_n i_o assure_v you_o no_o more_o than_o in_o our_o age_n i_o say_v these_o man_n enjoy_v these_o and_o many_o other_o privilege_n with_o their_o gavelkind_n unto_o this_o present_a day_n which_o be_v all_o compare_v with_o the_o law_n of_o howel-dha_a seem_v to_o be_v the_o same_o with_o they_o as_o for_o satisfaction_n for_o murder_n for_o burn_v of_o house_n etc._n etc._n all_o certify_v in_o domesdey_n with_o this_o additional_a paragraph_n in_o the_o conclusion_n hae_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la erant_fw-la walensium_fw-la tempore_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-it in_o arcenefeld_n i_o know_v not_o what_o can_v have_v be_v say_v more_o pertinent_a they_o have_v still_o this_o tenure_n of_o gavelkind_n and_o they_o have_v those_o other_o enumerate_v custom_n derive_v to_o they_o from_o great_a antiquity_n before_o the_o norman_a conquest_n which_o be_v all_o certify_v to_o have_v be_v consuetudines_fw-la walensium_fw-la tempore_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la and_o this_o by_o the_o convictum_fw-la est_fw-la of_o this_o record_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v plain_a that_o this_o custom_n of_o partition_n among_o the_o rest_n be_v devolve_v over_o to_o they_o as_o a_o welsh_a custom_n which_o by_o the_o law_n of_o howel-dâ—a_a i_o find_v be_v so_o paramount_n that_o unto_o it_o as_o to_o the_o centre_n all_o other_o provisionary_a law_n find_v among_o they_o do_v point_n and_o have_v reference_n and_o not_o probable_a to_o be_v here_o plant_v by_o imitation_n of_o any_o other_o foreign_a nation_n or_o people_n but_o to_o return_v again_o to_o the_o competition_n this_o region_n arcenefeld_n region_n regio_fw-la de_fw-fr arcenefeld_n for_o so_o in_o ancient_a writing_n it_o be_v call_v have_v not_o only_o the_o like_a privilege_n in_o respect_n of_o dower_n of_o the_o moiety_n and_o no_o forfeiture_n of_o land_n for_o felony_n but_o also_o this_o that_o ibi_fw-la non_fw-la currit_fw-la breve_fw-la regis_fw-la and_o in_o the_o custody_n of_o the_o chamberlain_n of_o the_o exchequer_n of_o receipt_n there_o be_v a_o plea_n thus_o enrol_v in_o placitis_fw-la coram_fw-la rege_fw-la pasch_fw-mi anno_fw-la 9_o majus_n edw._n 1._o heref._n 32._o homines_fw-la hundredi_n de_fw-fr irchinfeld_n à _fw-la tempore_fw-la quo_fw-la non_fw-la extat_fw-la memoria_fw-la placitaverunt_fw-la &_o placita_fw-la sva_fw-la habuerunt_fw-la de_fw-la omnibus_fw-la placitis_fw-la que_fw-la ad_fw-la coronam_fw-la pertinent_a sive_fw-la de_fw-la appellis_fw-la sive_fw-la de_fw-la transgressionibus_fw-la contra_fw-la pacem_fw-la regis_fw-la solummodo_fw-la coram_fw-la vicecomite_a heref._n &_o non_fw-la coram_fw-la aliquibus_fw-la aliis_fw-la justiciaris_fw-la this_o be_v exhibit_v in_o reference_n to_o some_o appeal_v make_v in_o derogation_n of_o the_o power_n of_o irchenfeld_n to_o the_o justice_n itinerant_a but_o upon_o hear_v it_o be_v adjudge_v thus_o ideo_fw-la appellum_fw-la remittitur_fw-la in_o hundredo_fw-la predicto_fw-la it_o be_v it_o seem_v then_o call_v a_o hundred_o but_o in_o several_a other_o plead_n it_o be_v call_v libertas_n de_fw-fr irchenfeld_n and_o in_o case_n of_o appeal_v or_o any_o thing_n else_o that_o be_v implead_v out_o of_o the_o liberty_n i_o find_v that_o the_o ballivus_fw-la libertatis_fw-la de_fw-la irchinfeld_n come_v thither_o and_o oftentimes_o claim_v those_o liberty_n which_o be_v all_o order_v unto_o he_o that_o ever_o i_o yet_o can_v meet_v with_o for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o liberty_n they_o have_v within_o that_o circuit_n a_o liberty_n to_o arrest_v for_o any_o sum_n of_o money_n whatsoever_o that_o whoever_o purchase_v land_n there_o may_v bequeath_v they_o to_o who_o he_o please_v recept_n in_o rot._n 20_o ed._n 1._o penes_fw-la camer_n sccii_fw-la recept_n as_o that_o of_o the_o 20_o edw._n 1._o between_o the_o nephew_n of_o philip_n de_fw-fr martinestow_n and_o glodithan_n fill_v mauricii_n fill_n wasmaeri_fw-la which_o say_v gloditha_n plead_v quod_fw-la unusquisque_fw-la qui_fw-la terram_fw-la habet_fw-la infra_fw-la hundr_n de_fw-fr irchenefeld_n de_fw-fr perquisito_fw-la svo_fw-la potest_fw-la illud_fw-la
hawisia_n so_o that_o sibi_fw-la in_o the_o singular_a number_n have_v not_o relation_n to_o any_o else_o but_o to_o the_o infirm_a wibert_n to_o he_o it_o be_v that_o the_o two_o penny_n be_v to_o be_v pay_v and_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o land_n in_o common_a to_o all_o the_o infirm_a of_o that_o house_n in_o perpetual_a alm_n and_o to_o gavel-kind_n that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o all_o the_o brethren_n of_o that_o hospital_n shall_v have_v the_o like_a share_n and_o propriety_n in_o that_o acre_n and_o the_o half_n as_o the_o son_n of_o any_o one_o can_v have_v in_o their_o father_n land_n of_o that_o nature_n and_o if_o not_o by_o this_o way_n i_o can_v find_v no_o other_o to_o make_v any_o sense_n of_o it_o for_o this_o clause_n and_o to_o gavel_n kind_n have_v reference_n clear_o to_o the_o concession_n and_o habendum_fw-la and_o not_o to_o the_o reddendum_fw-la and_o if_o so_o who_o be_v those_o that_o shall_v hold_v it_o in_o gavelkind_n the_o infirmes_fw-la no_o for_o they_o be_v a_o body_n though_o sickly_a that_o can_v not_o die_v nor_o the_o son_n or_o grandchild_n of_o wibaldus_n for_o they_o have_v divess_v themselves_o of_o this_o land_n and_o invest_v their_o decrepit_a brother_n wibert_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o infirmes_fw-la of_o that_o hospital_n with_o it_o nor_o can_v the_o tenant_n claim_v any_o right_n by_o this_o deed_n for_o that_o it_o have_v not_o relation_n to_o any_o tenancy_n beside_o hospital_n in_o those_o day_n do_v not_o use_v to_o create_v unprosetable_a tenor_n to_o themselves_o and_o where_o land_n be_v say_v to_o be_v hold_v in_o gavelkynd_n there_o be_v a_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n they_o be_v syncategorematical_a or_o relative_n in_o the_o like_a sense_n be_v that_o deed_n which_o mr._n s._n make_v his_o script_n 〈◊〉_d pag._n 184._o where_o radun_v from_o wadidit_fw-la &_o concessit_fw-la 〈◊〉_d &_o fratribus_fw-la hospitalis_n sancti_fw-la laurentii_fw-la juxtà _fw-la gantunriam_fw-la by_o his_o deed_n septem_fw-la acras_fw-la terrae_fw-la meae_fw-la say_v he_o tenendas_fw-la in_fw-la gavel-kind_n de_fw-fr i_o &_o heredibus_fw-la meis_fw-la â—â—berâ—_n &_o quiâ—â—â—_n reddendo_fw-la inde_fw-la annuatim_fw-la mihi_fw-la vel_fw-la beredibus_fw-la meis_fw-la xlii_o denarios_fw-la etc._n etc._n pro_fw-la hac_fw-la donatione_fw-la &_o confirmatione_fw-la dederunt_fw-la mihi_fw-la praedicti_fw-la fratres_fw-la &_o heredibus_fw-la meis_fw-la quinque_fw-la marcas_fw-la â—ierlingorum_fw-la all_o that_o i_o can_v gather_v out_o of_o this_o be_v that_o ralph_n erone_n sell_v to_o the_o brethren_n of_o st._n lawrences_n hospital_n seven_o acre_n for_o five_o mark_v and_o reserve_v a_o rent_n of_o two_o and_o forty_o penny_n the_o land_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n in_o gavel-kind_n which_o as_o in_o the_o other_o of_o herbaldune_n so_o be_v this_o to_o be_v understand_v to_o be_v to_o the_o common_a land_n 〈…〉_o and_o behalf_n of_o all_o the_o brethren_n for_o if_o not_o so_o i_o desire_v 〈◊〉_d inform_v how_o it_o can_v ruâ—_a into_o the_o tenor_n of_o glaver-lâ—ynd_a among_o they_o any_o other_o way_n and_o here_o alsoâ—eâ—_n i_o caution_n you_o to_o observe_v that_o in_o the_o first_o deed_n it_o be_v saiâ—_n to_o be_v grant_v in_o perpetuam_fw-la eleemosyndm_n and_o 〈…〉_o and_o then_o come_v in_o with_o the_o reddendum_fw-la so_o like_o wise_a in_o the_o second_o deed_n where_o the_o tenondum_fw-la and_o the_o reddendum_fw-la be_v at_o a_o distance_n that_o by_o mean_n thereof_o it_o be_v not_o probable_a at_o all_o that_o gavel-kind_n shall_v have_v any_o relation_n to_o the_o reddenda_fw-la in_o either_o and_o serious_o consider_v do_v plain_o contain_v a_o different_a use_n from_o either_o rent_n or_o purchase_n but_o to_o proceed_v to_o those_o several_a grant_n produce_v by_o mr._n s._n in_o relation_n to_o the_o term_n as_o that_o of_o r._n dei_fw-la gratia_fw-la sancti_fw-la augustini_fw-la cantuar_n 4._o script_n 4._o shere_v somewhat_o be_v want_v i_o believe_v it_o shall_v be_v 〈…〉_o &_o ejusâ—am_fw-la loci_fw-la conventus_fw-la make_v to_o jordanus_n â—e_v sâ—res_n much_o his_o heir_n of_o xl._n acre_n of_o marshland_n be_v long_v to_o their_o manor_n of_o cistelet_n 6._o script_n 6._o and_o that_o of_o alan_n the_o prior_n and_o the_o convent_n of_o christ-church_n in_o canterbury_n unto_o theb._n de_fw-fr einesford_n and_o his_o heir_n of_o fourscore_o acre_n of_o land_n in_o their_o lordship_n of_o northocholt_n by_o they_o to_o be_v hold_v by_o rent_n and_o suit_n of_o court_n at_o orpinton_n add_v gavilikende_v 7._o script_n 7._o as_o also_o that_o of_o the_o same_o prior_n and_o convent_n to_o stephen_n de_fw-fr kinardentone_n of_o 〈◊〉_d acre_n and_o to_o his_o heir_n add_v gaveliâ—hinde_v again_o that_o deed_n of_o gaufridus_n the_o prior_n and_o the_o convent_n of_o christ-church_n canterbury_n to_o joni_n and_o his_o heir_n of_o a_o sheep_n pasture_n in_o osmundeseye_n tenend_n 8._o script_n 8._o say_v they_o de_fw-fr nobissuccessiuè_fw-la ad_fw-la gavel-kind_n by_o rent_n and_o that_o his_o heir_n successive_o shall_v give_v de_fw-fr relevio_fw-la lvis._n and_o suit_n of_o court_n at_o leysdum_fw-la all_o these_o grantee_n have_v by_o the_o virtue_n of_o these_o several_a grant_v a_o instatement_n into_o the_o tenure_n of_o gavel-kind_n which_o be_v a_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n and_o be_v to_o run_v in_o a_o parallel_n line_n with_o land_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n that_o be_v that_o the_o son_n or_o child_n of_o the_o possessor_n when_o decease_a shall_v hold_v those_o land_n according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o partition_n in_o gavelkynd_n and_o there_o be_v no_o difficulty_n in_o they_o as_o i_o can_v perceive_v all_o that_o i_o find_v be_v that_o the_o granter_n have_v create_v a_o estate_n of_o the_o tenure_n of_o gavel-kind_n in_o case_n there_o have_v be_v none_o before_o none_o of_o they_o to_o my_o apprehension_n carry_v with_o they_o any_o notable_a antiquity_n lest_o of_o all_o to_o the_o purpose_n be_v that_o 5._o script_n 5._o in_o pag._n 178._o where_o it_o be_v say_v predecessores_fw-la dni_fw-la regis_fw-la concesserunt_fw-la manerium_fw-la de_fw-la wells_n in_o come_v cant._n postea_fw-la concessum_fw-la erat_fw-la in_o puram_fw-la &_o perpetuam_fw-la elcemosynam_n nunquam_fw-la partitum_fw-la fuit_fw-la nec_fw-la est_fw-la portibile_fw-la that_o be_v it_o be_v never_o part_v nor_o be_v partible_a to_o which_o all_o that_o i_o can_v say_v be_v that_o it_o never_o be_v nor_o be_v like_a to_o be_v so_o hold_v gavel-kynd-land_n but_o the_o pass_a discourse_n in_o this_o chapter_n only_o show_v the_o nature_n and_o tenure_n of_o such_o land_n and_o make_v nothing_o at_o all_o to_o the_o etymology_n or_o the_o investigation_n of_o the_o true_a derivation_n of_o the_o word_n in_o contest_v to_o conclude_v mr._n s._n in_o page_n 150._o draw_v from_o his_o several_a discourse_n a_o double_a consectary_n as_o he_o be_v please_v to_o term_v it_o 1._o that_o the_o king_n may_v hold_v land_n in_o gavel-kind_n i_o must_v needs_o approve_v of_o it_o and_o in_o case_n the_o king_n do_v hold_v such_o land_n and_o at_o his_o decease_n leave_v several_a son_n behind_o he_o they_o must_v part_v it_o and_o that_o prince_n have_v so_o do_v i_o have_v already_o prove_v by_o the_o several_a example_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n and_o of_o the_o german_a empire_n 2._o that_o the_o king_n hold_v land_n in_o gavel-kind_n in_o case_n he_o shall_v grant_v it_o away_o to_o any_o religious_a house_n in_o puram_fw-la &_o perpetuam_fw-la eleemosynam_fw-la in_o frank_a almoign_n it_o remain_v notwithstanding_o partible_a as_o before_o it_o come_v to_o the_o crown_n in_o their_o hand_n at_o least_o who_o the_o religious_a man_n shall_v infeoff_v with_o it_o the_o first_o part_n of_o this_o i_o grant_v for_o if_o such_o land_n be_v give_v to_o any_o religious_a society_n they_o remain_v partible_a as_o to_o the_o profit_n of_o they_o that_o be_v to_o say_v among_o the_o society_n and_o so_o do_v land_n of_o any_o other_o nature_n whatever_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n be_v vest_v pass_v into_o a_o partible_a quality_n that_o be_v the_o whole_a body_n have_v a_o interest_n all_o member_n of_o that_o body_n receive_v part_n and_o share_v of_o the_o benefit_n but_o for_o any_o other_o sort_n of_o partition_n i_o can_v fancy_v how_o it_o shall_v be_v among_o they_o and_o then_o again_o it_o do_v not_o necessary_o follow_v that_o those_o that_o be_v by_o this_o society_n interest_v with_o the_o hold_n of_o those_o land_n under_o they_o shall_v hold_v they_o in_o the_o tenure_n of_o gavelkind_n for_o by_o such_o a_o grant_n as_o i_o say_v before_o in_o this_o tenure_n of_o gavel-kind_n the_o say_a society_n or_o body_n divest_v themselves_o of_o the_o fee-simple_n and_o invest_v the_o taker_n with_o a_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n and_o again_o this_o must_v have_v a_o full_a reference_n to_o the_o society_n their_o manner_n of_o grant_v it_o and_o than_o it_o may_v
board_n or_o table_n and_o cotarii_fw-la be_v cottager_n such_o as_o dwell_v in_o a_o cottage_n 1._o cottage_n anno_fw-la 4._o ed._n 1._o stat._n 1._o that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o house_n without_o land_n belong_v to_o it_o and_o come_v from_o the_o saxon_a word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o be_v the_o same_o with_o tugurium_fw-la and_o tectum_fw-la in_o latin_a a_o â—egendo_fw-la so_o as_o this_o be_v in_o signification_n a_o cover_n or_o shelter_n because_o those_o small_a habitation_n be_v only_o make_v to_o cover_v they_o from_o the_o sun_n and_o weather_n i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a of_o that_o great_a mistake_n the_o whole_a current_n of_o writer_n have_v run_v into_o those_o who_o work_n have_v be_v publish_v within_o these_o last_o 300_o year_n where_o they_o general_o endeavour_v to_o load_v all_o the_o indignity_n of_o tenor_n of_o servility_n and_o vassalage_n upon_o this_o norman_a change_n i_o deny_v not_o but_o that_o some_o be_v at_o that_o time_n introduce_v especial_o many_o jocular_a tenor_n which_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o private_a contract_n betwixt_o the_o lord_n and_o his_o tenant_n and_o not_o of_o any_o general_a concernment_n but_o hence_o i_o can_v yield_v to_o conclude_v that_o all_o tenor_n of_o servility_n be_v of_o their_o introduction_n mr._n s._n continue_v in_o his_o opinion_n in_o the_o 104_o page_n where_o he_o write_v that_o fee-simple_n fee-tayl_n fee-farm_n grand_a &_o petit_fw-fr serjeanty_n escuage_z burgage_n villeinage_n etc._n etc._n be_v all_o of_o the_o norman_a plantation_n and_o we_o by_o they_o say_v he_o at_o least_o since_o their_o conquest_n of_o we_o bring_v acquaint_v with_o they_o etc._n etc._n perhaps_o those_o compound_n may_v be_v the_o effect_n of_o the_o consultation_n of_o some_o of_o the_o king_n of_o the_o norman_a race_n but_o for_o the_o word_n fee_n minshew_n discourse_v very_o well_o upon_o it_o for_o say_v he_o our_o ancient_a lawyer_n either_o not_o observe_v from_o whence_o the_o word_n grow_v or_o at_o least_o not_o sufficient_o express_v their_o knowledge_n what_o it_o signify_v among_o they_o from_o who_o they_o take_v it_o feudum_fw-la whence_o the_o word_n fief_n or_o fee_n come_v signify_v in_o the_o german_a language_n 107._o language_n in_o like_a manner_n do_v mr._n s._n labour_n to_o deduce_v it_o from_o a_o saxon_a original_a p._n 107._o beneficium_fw-la cujus_fw-la nomine_fw-la opera_fw-la quaedam_fw-la gratiae_fw-la testificandae_fw-la causa_fw-la debentur_fw-la and_o our_o of_o hotoman_n say_v that_o by_o this_o name_n go_v all_o land_n and_o tenement_n that_o be_v hold_v by_o any_o acknowledgement_n of_o any_o superiority_n to_o any_o high_a lord_n so_o be_v all_o the_o land_n in_o england_n except_o the_o crown_n land_n hold_v that_o be_v of_o feudum_n or_o fee_n for_o he_o that_o can_v say_v most_o for_o his_o estute_n say_v but_o this_o seisitus_fw-la inde_fw-la in_o dominico_n meo_fw-la ut_fw-la de_fw-la seudo_fw-la which_o be_v i_o be_o seize_v of_o this_o or_o that_o land_n or_o tenement_n in_o my_o demain_fw-fr as_o of_o fee_n which_o be_v no_o more_o than_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v it_o be_v my_o demain_fw-fr or_o proper_a land_n after_o a_o sort_n because_o it_o be_v to_o i_o and_o my_o heir_n for_o ever_o yet_o not_o simple_o i_o because_o i_o hold_v it_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o benefit_n from_o another_o and_o fee-tayl_n as_o distinguish_v be_v not_o a_o introduction_n of_o the_o norman_n for_o that_o minshew_n observe_v it_o to_o have_v its_o original_a from_o the_o statute_n of_o westm._n 2._o c._n 1._o which_o be_v make_v anno_fw-la 13._o edw._n 1._o the_o word_n feud_n be_v use_v familiar_o to_o this_o day_n in_o the_o high_a and_o low_a germanye_n for_o what_o concerus_a grand_a &_o petit_fw-fr serjeanty_n i_o believe_v the_o word_n to_o be_v french_a and_o so_o introduce_v by_o the_o norman_n to_o express_v those_o service_n that_o be_v due_a to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n before_o the_o conquest_n such_o service_n be_v reserve_v by_o the_o saxon_a king_n the_o service_n of_o escuage_z be_v before_o the_o norman_a conquest_n though_o not_o know_v by_o that_o name_n the_o like_a be_v of_o burgage_n which_o be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o yearly_a rent_n whereby_o man_n of_o city_n and_o burrows_n hold_v their_o land_n or_o tenement_n of_o the_o king_n or_o any_o other_o lord_n which_o be_v in_o use_n before_o the_o conquest_n concern_v villeinage_n mr._n s._n do_v cite_v out_o of_o mr._n lambards_n perambulation_n of_o kent_n in_o mepham_n under_o the_o term_n of_o agenes-land_n this_o as_o a_o very_a ancient_a passage_n which_o have_v be_v enough_o to_o have_v convince_v i_o that_o there_o have_v be_v villain_n before_o the_o norman_a conquest_n and_o it_o be_v this_o et_fw-la si_fw-la villanus_fw-la ita_fw-la crevisset_fw-la sva_fw-la probitate_fw-la quod_fw-la pleniter_fw-la haberet_fw-la quinque_fw-la hidas_fw-la de_fw-la svo_fw-la proprio_fw-la alledio_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o in_o his_o 114._o page_n cit_v a_o old_a version_n of_o the_o 19_o and_o 21._o of_o king_n ina_n law_n of_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o be_v make_v thereby_o to_o signify_v villanus_fw-la or_o colonus_n and_o it_o be_v convict_v by_o domesdey_n book_n survey_v in_o sudsexe_n thus_o radulfus_n tenet_fw-la de_fw-fr willielmo_n viz._n de_fw-mi warene_n bristelmestune_n brictric_n tenuit_fw-la de_fw-la dono_fw-la godwini_fw-la comitis_fw-la t._n r._n e._n &_o modo_fw-la se_fw-la defendit_fw-la pro_fw-la v._n hide_v &_o dim_a tran_n est_fw-la iii_o car_n in_o dnino_fw-la est_fw-la dimid_n car_fw-fr &_o xviii_o villain_n &_o ix_o bordarii_fw-la cum_fw-la iii_o car_n &_o uno_fw-la servo_fw-la de_fw-fr gablo_fw-mi iv_o milia_fw-la alletium_fw-la in_o eadem_fw-la villa_n tenet_fw-la widardus_fw-la de_fw-fr willo_n vi_o hide_v &_o unam_fw-la vs._n &_o proâ—tanto_fw-la se_fw-la defendit_fw-la tres_n aloarn_v tenuerunt_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la edwardo_n &_o potuerunt_fw-la ire_n quolibet_fw-la unus_n ex_fw-la eye_n habuit_fw-la aulam_fw-la &_o villani_n tenuerunt_fw-la part_n aliorum_fw-la duorum_fw-la here_o be_v a_o express_a of_o a_o servus_n and_o also_o of_o the_o villani_n who_o hold_v this_o land_n in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n beside_o this_o i_o can_v allege_v many_o more_o but_o sir_n edward_n coke_n upon_o littleton_n say_v that_o villani_n in_o domesday_n be_v not_o there_o take_v for_o bondman_n but_o have_v their_o name_n de_fw-fr villis_fw-la because_o they_o have_v ferm_n and_o there_o do_v work_n of_o husbandry_n for_o the_o lord_n and_o they_o be_v ever_o before_o name_v bordarii_n which_o be_v contrary_a to_o mr._n s._n in_o what_o i_o cite_v before_o of_o he_o concern_v bordmanni_n which_o i_o believe_v be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n with_o bordarii_n and_o such_o as_o be_v bondman_n be_v call_v servi_n thus_o sir_n edward_n coke_n but_o i_o believe_v the_o norman_n find_v these_o villain_n here_o even_o by_o their_o name_n by_o which_o i_o believe_v they_o be_v of_o a_o very_a ancient_a stand_n for_o that_o i_o find_v they_o know_v by_o the_o britain_n by_o that_o title_n as_o they_o be_v often_o mention_v in_o the_o law_n of_o howel-dha_a in_o a_o law_n which_o before_o in_o this_o 〈◊〉_d i_o mention_v be_v notice_n take_v of_o a_o king_n villain_n and_o of_o a_o nobleman_n villain_n and_o then_o another_o that_o give_v a_o right_a to_o the_o foster-children_n of_o divide_v land_n with_o the_o child_n of_o the_o villain_n but_o a_o little_a more_o plain_o to_o bring_v the_o proof_n in_o those_o law_n it_o be_v demonstrate_v how_o that_o tres_fw-la homines_fw-la promoveri_fw-la possunt_fw-la uâ—a_fw-la die_v that_o be_v to_o say_v as_o i_o guess_v it_o they_o be_v make_v gentleman_n in_o one_o day_n here_o you_o must_v take_v the_o latin_a as_o i_o find_v it_o captivus_fw-la si_fw-la movetus_fw-la in_o swyd_n de_fw-fr xxiv_o officialibus_fw-la swyd_n be_v dignitas_fw-la dignity_n so_o that_o the_o sense_n of_o it_o be_v this_o if_o the_o prince_n bestow_v upon_o a_o caprive_n the_o dignity_n of_o be_v one_o of_o the_o twenty_o four_o chief_a officer_n of_o his_o court_n it_o be_v a_o advancement_n peculiar_a or_o he_o become_v by_o it_o a_o gentleman_n secundus_fw-la filius_fw-la villani_fw-la si_fw-la sit_fw-la clericus_fw-la our_o common_a law_n do_v differ_v from_o the_o civil_a law_n which_o say_v partus_fw-la sequitur_fw-la ventrem_fw-la where_o as_o the_o common_a law_n have_v it_o partus_fw-la sequitur_fw-la patrem_fw-la but_o here_o provision_n be_v make_v that_o the_o son_n of_o a_o villain_n be_v a_o clergy_n man_n shall_v become_v a_o gentleman_n which_o be_v somewhat_o explain_v by_o the_o next_o tertius_fw-la homo_fw-la ex_fw-la captiva_fw-la villa_n si_fw-fr villa_n habeat_fw-la à _fw-la domino_fw-la patrie_fw-fr licentiam_fw-la ecclesiam_fw-la aedificare_fw-la &_o in_o cimiterio_fw-la ejus_fw-la corpora_fw-la sepeliri_fw-la tunc_fw-la villa_n siâ—_n &_o omnes_fw-la homines_fw-la de_fw-la ea_fw-la postea_fw-la sunt_fw-la liberi_fw-la that_o
and_o thule_n call_v britain_n fol._n 145_o italian_a partition_n fol._n 12_o 13_o jurye_n fol._n 61_o 62_o 63_o jurye_n among_o the_o welsh_a fol._n 64_o jus_fw-la angliae_fw-la both_o in_o socage_n and_o knights-fee_n fol._n 139_o k._n kentish-british_a law_n not_o alter_v by_o hengist_n fol._n 46_o kent_n invest_v in_o hengist_n examine_v fol._n 37_o kent_n change_v her_o gavelkind_n fol._n 81_o kenneth_n king_n of_o scot_n expel_v the_o pict_n fol._n 163_o kent_n have_v four_o king_n at_o one_o time_n fol._n 45_o kingsland_n fol._n 44_o king_n ethelmund_n ibid._n king_n pibanus_n of_o ergin_n fol._n 44._o 91_o king_n gorvodius_n milfrith_n etc._n etc._n fol._n 45_o kings-bench_n fol._n 69_o kindred_n what_o it_o be_v fol._n 130_o 131_o knave_n whence_o and_o what_o fol._n 176_o gods-cnave_a ibid._n knight-service_n in_o wales_n fol._n 103._o 107_o knights-fee_n descend_v to_o the_o elder_a fol._n 138_o kind_a fol._n 27._o 130_o 131._o 133_o l._n landscheutan_a german_a tenure_n fol._n 135_o 136_o 137._o land-shifting_a landskistan_n fol._n 136_o the_o saxon_a denomination_n of_o partition_n fol._n 143_o the_o proper_a kentish_a appellation_n fol._n 144_o 145_o land_n ancient_o not_o valuable_a fol._n 6._o 28_o language_n of_o scotland_n fol._n 76_o saxon_n english_a and_z french_z fol._n 75_o 76_o english_a not_o change_v by_o the_o norman_a conquest_n fol._n 75_o welsh_n the_o remain_v of_o the_o gallic_a and_o british_a fol._n 17_o law_n of_o king_n edward_n confirm_v by_o the_o norman_n fol._n 58_o 59_o lawes-common_a not_o write_v fol._n 69_o lawcase_n ibid._n law_n of_o england_n overthrow_v norman_n intruder_n fol._n 65_o learning_n of_o the_o druid_n fol._n 17_o legales_fw-la homines_fw-la or_o yeoman_n mark_fw-mi fol._n 63_o lieutenant_n of_o the_o saxon_a shore_n in_o britain_n fol._n 39_o lempster_n from_o a_o church_n of_o nun_n fol._n 44_o lewes_n in_o sussex_n fol._n 71_o lesley_n bishop_n of_o ross_n in_o scotland_n a_o historian_n fol._n 163_o lewis_n island_n in_o scotland_n hold_v gavelkind_a fol._n 160_o liberty_n of_o englishman_n fol._n 81_o liberi_fw-la sokemanni_n what_o fol._n 148_o llâ—â—_n what_o fol._n 90_o llanfrawtwt_v a_o college_n ancient_o found_v fol._n 90_o llangattock_n gafael_n meâ—bon_n ibid._n litthfield_n chronicle_n fol._n 58_o loager_n loegria_n fol._n 86_o lonaâ—â—_n fol._n 87_o london_n a_o memorial_n of_o troy_n fol._n 83_o london_n its_o law_n very_o ancient_a fol._n 55_o lower_v germany_n use_v partition_n fol._n 11_o m._n mail_v fol._n 120._o 133_o manor_n or_o circuit_n in_o wales_n ancient_o fol._n 96_o marquess_n lord_n marcher_n fol._n 42_o mayor_n whence_o derive_v fol._n 49_o menavians_n understand_v welsh_a and_o irish_a fol._n 146_o merewoldus_n a_o king_n fol._n 43_o merimnus_n a_o king_n fol._n 44_o mercelin_n a_o king_n ibid._n merchenlaege_n what_o fol._n 54_o 57_o mate-gavel_a fol._n 118_o mickel-gemote_a fol._n 65_o military_a fee_n fol._n 149_o morgan_n fol._n 132_o 133_o monmouthshire_n conquer_a fol._n 93_o mortimer_n radulf_n fol._n 78_o mulct_n different_a in_o rate_n in_o england_n fol._n 59_o mulmuâ—us_n dunwallo_n british_a legisâ—tor_n fol._n 154_o his_o law_n translate_v into_o saxon_a fol._n 54._o 154_o n._n neife_n what_o ancient_o fol._n 169_o norman_n of_o their_o conquest_n fol._n 56_o 57_o of_o their_o alteration_n ibid._n they_o alter_v not_o the_o english_a law_n fol._n 57_o of_o their_o law_n in_o normandy_n or_o neustria_n ibid._n employ_v in_o england_n before_o william_n the_o first_o fol._n 78_o their_o enter_a into_o wales_n fol._n 93_o their_o original_a from_o norway_n fol._n 58_o o._n oath_n of_o allegiance_n fol._n 55._o 61_o oat_n or_o oale-gavel_a fol._n 113_o doin_n what_o fol._n 174_o ollavintone_n in_o berkshire_n fol._n 73_o offa_n ditch_n a_o limit_n fol._n 43_o opinion_n receive_v hardly_o remove_v fol._n 1_o ostorius_n publius_n fol._n 34_o p._n paganus_fw-la pagan_a what_o fol._n 168._o 175_o 176_o palatinate_n cheshire_n and_o glamorganshire_n fol._n 94_o pandeborn_n in_o berkshire_n fol._n 68_o parliament_n fol._n 65_o parcener_n per_fw-la le_fw-fr custom_n fol._n 147_o 148_o partition_n use_v in_o first_o plantation_n fol._n 6_o use_v by_o the_o israelite_n fol._n 8_o antiquity_n of_o it_o by_o sacred_a and_o profane_a authority_n fol._n 9_o 10_o make_a use_n of_o by_o brute_n to_o his_o son_n fol._n 15_o 16_o the_o custom_n of_o wales_n fol._n 28._o 103._o 156_o among_o male_n and_o female_n fol._n 100_o 101_o use_v by_o the_o saxon_n fol._n 141_o 142_o 143_o use_v by_o the_o english_a norman_n fol._n 144_o not_o in_o the_o term_n gavelkind_n fol._n 147_o 148_o whether_o ratione_fw-la rei_fw-la aut_fw-la ratione_fw-la terrae_fw-la fol._n 149_o continue_v in_o wales_n by_o statute_n fol._n 153_o the_o manner_n of_o it_o among_o the_o welsh_a fol._n 156_o pencennedl_n or_o chief_n among_o the_o britain_n fol._n 23._o 97._o 132_o jew_n fol._n 23_o scot_n fol._n 24_o irish_a fol._n 97_o pelagian_a heresy_n set_v against_o fol._n 90_o penda_fw-la pibanus_n king_n of_o urchenfield_n fol._n 44._o 91_o piben_fw-ge wat_fw-mi fol._n 174_o pict_n they_o injure_v and_o repulse_v the_o britain_n fol._n 36_o the_o pict_n wall_n ibid._n planter_n at_o first_o the_o condition_n of_o they_o fol._n 5_o placita_fw-la what_o and_o plead_n ancient_o fol._n 68_o 69_o plead_n in_o french_a fol._n 69_o pluntune_v fol._n 116_o powisland_n divide_v subdivide_v and_o parcele_v fol._n 25_o 26_o polydore_v virgil_n examine_v fol._n 83_o privilege_n of_o urchenfield_n fol._n 108._o 156_o primogeniture_n prefer_v fol._n 82._o 138_o price_n sir_n john_n his_o defence_n hist_o brit._n fol._n 84_o pride-gavel_a what_o fol._n 112_o 113_o primogeniture_n in_o scotland_n wâ—y_n fol._n 166_o r._n read-gavel_a fol._n 119_o reguli_fw-la or_o petty_a king_n fol._n 15_o 45_o regulus_n and_o rex_fw-la fol._n 42_o referree_n of_o howel-dha_a what_o they_o do_v fol._n 155_o relief_n fol._n 108_o rent_n reserve_v fol._n 7_o rent_n how_o to_o be_v understand_v fol._n 115_o 116_o rent_n several_a sort_n fol._n 117_o rend_v land_n what_o ancient_o call_v fol._n 119_o rhandir_n what_o fol._n 96_o rodeley_n in_o gloucestershire_n fol._n 112_o roderic_n the_o great_a fol._n 24_o rogerus_fw-la deus_fw-la salvet_fw-la dominas_fw-la fol._n 177_o rochborn_n in_o hampshire_n fol._n 66_o roturier_n of_o france_n fol._n 11_o 95_o rowena_n hengist_n daughter_n fol._n 39_o 41_o roman_a empire_n part_v fol._n 87_o 88_o roman_n alter_v not_o the_o british_a law_n or_o custom_n fol._n 29_o greedy_a of_o conquest_n fol._n 30_o their_o proceed_n in_o the_o conquest_n of_o judaea_n fol._n 30_o of_o greece_n ibid._n of_o britain_n fol._n 30_o 31_o they_o use_v word_n of_o the_o british_a language_n fol._n 31_o set_v up_o a_o false_a will_n for_o the_o emperor_n fol._n 32_o the_o effect_n of_o it_o fol._n 32_o 33_o they_o desert_n britain_n fol._n 35_o s._n saisson_n and_o saisnaeg_n how_o to_o be_v understand_v fol._n 86_o saxon_n they_o co-inhabit_a with_o the_o britain_n fol._n 37_o they_o defend_v the_o pict_n wall_n fol._n 38_o whether_o they_o extirpate_v the_o britain_n or_o no_v ibid._n they_o break_v their_o article_n with_o the_o britain_n fol._n 38_o their_o piracy_n fol._n 41_o they_o fail_v in_o their_o trust_n fol._n 42_o they_o expel_v not_o the_o britain_n fol._n 47_o they_o borrow_v many_o british_a word_n fol._n 48_o 49_o they_o use_v british_a law_n and_o custom_n fol._n 49_o they_o intermix_v their_o saxon_n with_o british_a fol._n 50_o their_o law_n provide_v for_o the_o british_a inhabitant_n fol._n 50_o 51_o 52_o they_o use_v partition_n of_o land_n fol._n 141_o their_o nobility_n who_o and_o what_o fol._n 70_o concern_v their_o character_n fol._n 76_o they_o write_v latin_a ancient_o in_o roman_a letter_n fol._n 76_o they_o change_v their_o form_n of_o fight_a fol._n 77_o sand-gavel_a what_o fol._n 113_o seal_v and_o sign_v of_o charter_n fol._n 72_o 73_o serjeanty_n grand_a and_o petit_n fol._n 171_o servi_n what_o ancient_o fol._n 169._o 172_o servitude_n not_o in_o england_n fol._n 81_o scotish_n language_n fol._n 76_o scot_n and_o lot_n what_o fol._n 78_o scotland_n fol._n 87_o scotish-socage-land_n fol._n 159_o 160_o scotish_n with_o their_o language_n have_v the_o saxon_a custom_n fol._n 161_o scotish_n tongue_n before_o william_n the_o conqueror_n ibid._n scot_n receive_v the_o english_a temp_n willielmi_n primi_fw-la fol._n 162_o scotish_n tongue_n when_o first_o receive_v fol._n 162_o 163_o scotish_n bound_n in_o scotland_n fol._n 165_o sherborn_n against_o warren_n fol._n 65_o shire_n not_o ancient_o in_o wales_n fol._n 94_o soc_n and_o sac_n what_o fol._n 177_o 178_o 179_o socage_n land_n change_v fol._n 139_o socage_n land_n ancient_o partible_a fol._n 89_o 139_o spersold_v in_o berkshire_n fol._n 73_o surname_n when_o first_o use_v fol._n 176_o 177_o suit_n and_o doom_n in_o urchenfield_n fol._n 111_o swyddog_n a_o magistrate_n in_o welsh_a fol._n 93_o 173_o swine-gavel_a what_o fol._n 115_o
kingdom_n etc._n etc._n and_o after_o present_o discourse_v upon_o what_o by_o some_o author_n have_v be_v affirm_v viz._n that_o either_o the_o conqueror_n or_o his_o brother_n odo_n bring_v it_o thither_o out_o of_o normandy_n and_o there_o plant_v it_o by_o the_o pattern_n and_o practice_n of_o his_o own_o country_n with_o much_o reason_n add_v for_o have_v it_o be_v from_o thence_o transplant_v probable_o it_o will_v not_o have_v be_v confine_v to_o kent_n a_o corner_n only_o of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o have_v spread_v itself_o rather_o over_o the_o whole_a by_o the_o conqueror_n mean_n who_o inclination_n and_o endeavour_n to_o propagate_v and_o implant_v here_o the_o custom_n of_o his_o own_o country_n be_v too_o eminent_a and_o notorious_a to_o be_v doubt_v of_o i_o may_v by_o the_o same_o reason_n argue_v that_o this_o custom_n be_v current_n in_o more_o ancient_a time_n may_v have_v its_o being_n not_o only_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_a government_n but_o its_o beginning_n long_o before_o and_o for_o my_o part_n i_o make_v no_o question_n but_o in_o elder_a time_n it_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o all_o europe_n if_o not_o of_o all_o the_o world_n especial_o then_o when_o the_o inhabitant_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o paucity_n can_v so_o easy_o afford_v ground_n and_o room_n to_o their_o branch_a and_o spread_a generation_n such_o thought_n have_v thucydides_n of_o the_o first_o plantation_n and_o incolae_fw-la of_o greece_n for_o it_o be_v evident_a say_v he_o that_o that_o which_o be_v now_o call_v hellai_n viz._n greece_n be_v not_o of_o old_a constant_o inhabit_v but_o that_o at_o first_o there_o be_v often_o removal_n every_o one_o easy_o leave_v the_o place_n of_o his_o abode_n to_o the_o violence_n always_o of_o some_o great_a number_n and_o every_o man_n so_o husband_v the_o ground_n as_o but_o bare_o to_o live_v upon_o it_o without_o any_o stock_n of_o riches_n and_o plant_v nothing_o because_o it_o be_v uncertain_a when_o another_o shall_v invade_v they_o and_o carry_v all_o away_o especial_o not_o have_v the_o defence_n of_o wall_n but_o make_v account_n to_o be_v master_n in_o any_o place_n of_o such_o necessary_a sustenance_n as_o may_v serve_v they_o from_o day_n to_o day_n they_o make_v little_a difficulty_n to_o change_v their_o habitation_n for_o the_o goodness_n of_o the_o land_n increase_v the_o power_n of_o some_o particular_a man_n both_o cause_v sedition_n whereby_o they_o be_v ruin_v at_o home_n and_o withal_o make_v they_o more_o obnoxious_a to_o the_o insidiation_n of_o stranger_n and_o a_o modern_a author_n out_o of_o homer_n write_v of_o those_o first_o solutum_fw-la first_o sallust_n cite_v by_o mr._n selden_n in_o his_o mare_n claus_n l._n 1._o c._n 7._o de_fw-la aborigiaibus_fw-la in_o conjurat_fw-la catilinae_fw-la say_v they_o be_v genus_fw-la hominum_fw-la agreste_fw-la sine_fw-la legibus_fw-la sine_fw-la imperio_fw-la liberum_fw-la atque_fw-la solutum_fw-la planter_n say_v in_o tâ—guriis_fw-la atque_fw-la antris_fw-la habitabant_fw-la ac_fw-la sine_fw-la legibus_fw-la sine_fw-la certis_fw-la sedibus_fw-la palantes_fw-la vagerentur_fw-la et_fw-la trojanis_fw-la temportbus_fw-la in_o sicilia_n describit_fw-la homerus_fw-la illus_fw-la aetatis_fw-la imaginem_fw-la nec_fw-la fora_fw-la conciliis_fw-la fervent_a nec_fw-la judice_fw-la tantum_fw-la antra_fw-la colunt_fw-la umbrosa_fw-la altis_fw-la in_o montibus_fw-la aedes_fw-la quisquesuas_fw-la regit_fw-la vxorem_fw-la natosque_fw-la nec_fw-la ulli_fw-la incommune_fw-la vacat_fw-la socias_fw-la extendere_fw-la curas_fw-la then_o be_v it_o i_o believe_v that_o they_o prudent_o use_v this_o kind_n of_o partition_n which_o extend_v itself_o no_o further_o than_o a_o division_n of_o stock_n and_o good_n by_o it_o equal_o to_o enable_v all_o the_o participant_n to_o settle_v to_o a_o livelihood_n and_o decline_v rapine_n which_o be_v the_o use_n and_o practice_n of_o the_o first_o incolae_fw-la this_o be_v also_o describe_v by_o thucydide_n discourse_v of_o the_o ancient_a greek_n report_v that_o they_o in_o old_a time_n and_o such_o barbarian_n as_o in_o the_o continent_n live_v near_o unto_o the_o sea_n or_o else_o inhabit_v the_o island_n after_o once_o they_o begin_v to_o cross_v over_o one_o to_o another_o in_o ship_n become_v thief_n rifle_v the_o weak_a and_o make_v this_o the_o best_a mean_n of_o their_o live_n be_v a_o matter_n at_o that_o time_n no_o where_o in_o disgrace_n this_o say_v thucydides_n of_o his_o own_o age_n be_v manifest_a by_o some_o that_o dwell_v on_o the_o continent_n among_o who_o so_o it_o be_v perform_v noble_o it_o be_v still_o esteem_v as_o a_o ornament_n it_o be_v in_o those_o elder_a time_n that_o riches_n consist_v not_o in_o have_v a_o propriety_n to_o land_n but_o rather_o in_o the_o number_n of_o servant_n to_o manage_v and_o defend_v their_o great_a stock_n and_o herd_n of_o catel_n and_o this_o i_o guess_v to_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o many_o have_v rational_o derive_v pecunia_n from_o pecus_fw-la and_o 119._o and_o it_o be_v long_o after_o the_o first_o plantation_n of_o our_o island_n that_o money_n be_v in_o use_n and_o long_o before_o the_o king_n due_n be_v pay_v in_o mony_n for_o judge_n doderidge_n out_o of_o gervasius_n tilburiensis_n a_o learned_a man_n who_o flourish_v in_o the_o day_n of_o king_n hen._n 2._o in_o his_o dialogue_n of_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o king_n exchequer_n have_v in_o effect_n as_o follow_v until_o the_o time_n say_v he_o of_o king_n hen_n 1._o the_o king_n use_v not_o to_o receive_v money_n of_o their_o land_n but_o victual_n for_o the_o provision_n of_o their_o house_n and_o towards_o the_o payment_n of_o their_o soldier_n wage_n and_o such_o like_a charge_n money_n be_v raise_v out_o of_o the_o city_n and_o castle_n in_o which_o husbandry_n and_o tillage_n be_v not_o use_v and_o exercise_v but_o at_o length_n when_o the_o king_n be_v in_o part_n beyond_o the_o sea_n need_v ready_a money_n for_o and_o towards_o the_o furniture_n of_o the_o war_n and_o his_o subject_n and_o farmer_n complain_v that_o they_o be_v grievous_o trouble_v by_o carriage_n of_o victual_n into_o sundry_a part_n of_o the_o realm_n far_o distant_a from_o their_o dwelling_n the_o king_n direct_v commission_n to_o certain_a discreet_a person_n who_o have_v a_o regard_n of_o those_o victual_n shall_v reduce_v they_o into_o reasonable_a sum_n of_o money_n the_o levy_n of_o which_o sum_n they_o appoint_v to_o the_o sheriff_n taking_z order_z withal_o that_o he_o shall_v pay_v they_o at_o the_o scale_n or_o beam_n that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o he_o shall_v pay_v sixpence_n over_o and_o above_o every_o pound_n weight_n of_o money_n because_o they_o think_v that_o the_o money_n in_o time_n will_v wax_v so_o much_o the_o worse_o for_o the_o wear_n exit_fw-la camden_n &_o littleton_n treatise_n of_o nobility_n pag._n 118_o 119._o pecunia_n in_o our_o ancient_a saxon_a law_n be_v often_o make_v use_n of_o for_o pecus_fw-la and_o then_o we_o must_v imagine_v they_o rather_o pastor_n than_o landlord_n such_o who_o change_v their_o land_n at_o pleasure_n and_o their_o habitation_n together_o for_o the_o better_a accommodation_n of_o their_o stock_n whose_o wealth_n be_v sum_v up_o as_o job_n by_o servant_n and_o catel_n but_o as_o people_n multiply_v and_o their_o number_n increase_v so_o that_o they_o have_v not_o conveniency_n of_o wander_v as_o former_o by_o the_o reason_n that_o land_n be_v general_o occupy_v according_a to_o the_o ability_n of_o family_n in_o their_o stock_n and_o number_n of_o catel_n than_o do_v land_n also_o by_o degree_n become_v impropriate_v observe_v nevertheless_o the_o same_o manner_n of_o partition_n of_o such_o land_n as_o before_o they_o have_v do_v of_o good_n for_o as_o before_o when_o they_o may_v have_v have_v land_n enough_o what_o shall_v they_o have_v do_v with_o it_o without_o stock_n so_o now_o when_o land_n be_v impropriate_v what_o shall_v they_o do_v with_o stock_n without_o land_n and_o for_o fear_n of_o that_o violence_n i_o before_o discourse_v of_o come_v first_o of_o all_o cohabitancia_n that_o be_v live_v together_o in_o society_n which_o without_o any_o disgrace_n be_v villeinage_n and_o so_o from_o family_n rise_v village_n and_o from_o they_o city_n by_o this_o mean_n we_o see_v how_o man_n come_v to_o be_v proprietor_n both_o of_o land_n and_o good_n of_o which_o tacitus_n make_v observation_n among_o the_o ancient_a german_a custom_n caeteris_fw-la seruis_fw-la except_o those_o only_o employ_v about_o merchandise_n non_fw-la in_fw-la nostrum_fw-la morem_fw-la descriptis_fw-la perfamiliam_fw-la ministeriis_fw-la utuntur_fw-la svam_fw-la cuique_fw-la sedem_fw-la suos_fw-la penates_fw-la regit_fw-la frumenti_fw-la modum_fw-la dominus_fw-la aut_fw-la pecoris_fw-la aut_fw-la vestis_fw-la ut_fw-la colono_fw-la injungit_fw-la &_o servus_n hactenus_fw-la patet_fw-la here_o be_v their_o ancient_a manner_n of_o live_v their_o ancient_a manner_n of_o reserve_v rent_n not_o unlike_o those_o which_o i_o have_v meet_v with_o in_o scotland_n and_o believe_v be_v in_o
who_o it_o seem_v have_v some_o preference_n by_o his_o primogeniture_n his_o gown_n undertake_v to_o show_v they_o a_o way_n of_o composure_n the_o duke_n grant_v for_o diversion_n rather_o than_o from_o any_o expectation_n of_o solid_a counsel_n his_o desire_n the_o jester_n retire_v into_o the_o conveniency_n of_o a_o near-adjoyning_a closet_n with_o his_o penknife_n cut_v the_o gown_n into_o long_a shred_n from_o the_o shoulder_n to_o the_o bottom_n and_o in_o this_o injure_a and_o spoil_v form_n return_v with_o it_o on_o to_o the_o duke_n and_o council_n who_o wonder_v at_o this_o fancy_n he_o tell_v they_o that_o the_o dukedom_n as_o yet_o be_v like_o the_o gown_n as_o it_o be_v late_o perfect_a and_o in_o order_n but_o that_o which_o be_v now_o insist_v upon_o be_v to_o render_v the_o dukedom_n as_o he_o have_v do_v the_o duke_n gown_n but_o to_o prevent_v the_o like_a mishap_n among_o other_o such_o participant_n in_o these_o our_o day_n the_o late_a duke_n of_o brunswick_n do_v during_o his_o own_o life_n apportion_n his_o principality_n to_o his_o three_o son_n leave_v to_o each_o of_o they_o their_o allotment_n entire_a who_o also_o may_v each_o of_o they_o have_v claim_v share_n in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o provide_v it_o have_v not_o be_v end_v by_o comprimise_n the_o like_a tenure_n among_o the_o heritor_n of_o lower_n germany_n be_v very_o frequent_a especial_o in_o the_o county_n of_o flanders_n mr._n s._n have_v save_v i_o the_o labour_n of_o show_v the_o usage_n of_o it_o in_o france_n demonstrate_v how_o it_o take_v place_n even_o in_o paris_n itself_o where_o it_o be_v call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o roturier_n by_o which_o name_n in_o like_a sort_n the_o tenure_n be_v also_o know_v and_o use_v over_o all_o the_o island_n of_o jersey_n except_v some_o few_o family_n and_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n it_o overspread_v all_o the_o dukedom_n of_o normandy_n this_o last-mentioned_a island_n be_v former_o a_o appertinent_a thereof_o all_o which_o consider_v make_v it_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o relic_n of_o those_o ancient_a gallic_a custom_n take_v up_o and_o use_v upon_o the_o plantation_n of_o this_o part_n of_o the_o continent_n at_o the_o first_o and_o from_o hence_o in_o probability_n it_o be_v as_o some_o imagine_v that_o the_o britan_n of_o england_n must_v look_v for_o their_o true_a ancestry_n both_o as_o to_o custom_n language_n and_o progenitor_n concern_v which_o i_o shall_v refer_v you_o to_o mr._n camden_n who_o labour_n have_v set_v up_o such_o a_o light_n as_o can_v never_o be_v extinguish_v who_o discourse_v of_o the_o first_o inhabitant_n of_o britain_n misdoubt_v the_o history_n of_o brute_n faith_n that_o hereupon_o it_o may_v be_v conclude_v that_o the_o ancient_a gaul_n inhabitant_n of_o the_o country_n now_o call_v france_n and_o the_o britan_n of_o this_o isle_n speak_v one_o and_o the_o same_o language_n and_o by_o necessary_a consequence_n the_o original_a of_o the_o britan_n be_v to_o be_v reduce_v unto_o the_o gaul_n for_o i_o must_v confess_v that_o france_n or_o gaul_n be_v people_v before_o britain_n as_o lie_v near_o unto_o armenia_n and_o that_o the_o gaul_n send_v out_o and_o plant_v their_o colony_n all_o abroad_o in_o italy_n spain_n germany_n thracia_n and_o asia_n much_o more_o than_o by_o all_o reason_n and_o congruity_n in_o britain_n so_o near_o and_o no_o less_o plenteous_a than_o the_o rest_n and_o dubartas_n do_v observe_v that_o most_o probable_o all_o plantation_n be_v by_o colohy_n out_o of_o the_o east_n which_o in_o time_n as_o it_o be_v gradatim_fw-la overspread_v the_o west_n and_o north_n and_o not_o ignobilis_fw-la not_o martiaus_n zeillerus_n in_o his_o hispaniae_n &_o lusitaniae_fw-la itinerarium_fw-la out_o of_o a_o deseription_n of_o france_n write_v by_o franciscus_n the_o rue_z write_v of_o the_o province_n of_o bigoâ—re_n tell_v we_o by_o way_n of_o wonder_n and_o special_a remark_n that_o mos_fw-la hic_fw-la obtinuit_fw-la ut_fw-la primogenitus_fw-la omnium_fw-la bodorum_fw-la paternorum_fw-la haeres_fw-la evadat_fw-la sive_fw-la nobilis_fw-la sive_fw-la ignobilis_fw-la only_a france_n but_o italy_n itself_o the_o garden_n of_o european_a policy_n which_o some_o will_v have_v to_o be_v a_o colony_n also_o out_o of_o gauâ—_n think_v no_o dishonour_n to_o retain_v her_o old_a custom_n in_o preserve_v this_o tonure_v of_o partition_n of_o land_n from_o her_o first_o planter_n which_o be_v observe_v by_o one_o william_n thomas_n that_o write_v a_o description_n of_o italy_n anno_fw-la domini_fw-la 1549._o who_o in_o his_o three_o chapter_n averr_v that_o the_o inheritance_n of_o land_n in_o italy_n go_v by_o gavelkind_n that_o be_v to_o wit_n one_o brother_n as_o good_a part_n as_o another_o so_o that_o if_o a_o conte_n which_o be_v as_o much_o to_o say_v as_o a_o earl_n have_v twenty_o son_n every_o one_o of_o they_o be_v call_v conte_n and_o the_o young_a have_v as_o good_a part_n in_o his_o father_n land_n and_o good_n as_o the_o elder_a unless_o it_o be_v in_o the_o estate_n of_o prince_n as_o of_o mantova_n ferrara_n urbino_n and_o such_o other_o which_o the_o elder_a evermore_o enjoy_v and_o by_o this_o mean_v it_o be_v come_v to_o pass_v that_o in_o process_n of_o time_n with_o change_n from_o wealth_n to_o poverty_n there_o be_v divers_a earl_n and_o marquis_n without_o land_n or_o good_n retain_v nevertheless_o the_o glory_n of_o that_o name_n to_o they_o and_o they_o for_o ever_o and_o i_o have_v read_v in_o a_o more_o modern_a author_n who_o do_v not_o ascribe_v it_o to_o any_o reason_n but_o only_o relate_v the_o bare_a state_n that_o there_o be_v several_a count_n in_o italy_n who_o at_o the_o same_o time_n such_o be_v the_o smallness_n to_o which_o their_o estate_n be_v reduce_v by_o this_o partition_n be_v not_o able_a to_o maintain_v a_o horse_n a_o hound_n and_o a_o whore_n mr._n thomas_n have_v happen_v right_a upon_o their_o tenure_n though_o he_o denominate_v it_o by_o such_o a_o term_n as_o be_v utter_o unknown_a to_o any_o italian_a but_o observe_v that_o the_o tenure_n be_v general_o among_o the_o family_n there_o except_v those_o who_o of_o latter_a day_n by_o force_n or_o fraud_n have_v wrest_v themselves_o from_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n and_o in_o such_o place_n the_o elder_a son_n inherit_v whilst_o the_o other_o family_n still_o maintain_v their_o old_a custom_n though_o to_o the_o ruin_n and_o subversion_n both_o of_o name_n and_o family_n which_o custom_n can_v fancy_v to_o be_v a_o innovation_n of_o latter_a age_n but_o a_o impression_n from_o the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n when_o first_o they_o do_v spread_v themselves_o in_o colony_n over_o latium_n this_o for_o the_o proof_n of_o the_o general_a usage_n of_o this_o partition_n of_o land_n in_o most_o part_n of_o europe_n and_o the_o probability_n of_o its_o use_n among_o the_o first_o planter_n of_o any_o nation_n proceed_v we_o next_o to_o show_v as_o be_v very_a consonant_n to_o the_o investigation_n of_o the_o original_a of_o this_o tenure_n chap._n ii_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o britain_n when_o caesar_n find_v they_o that_o gavelkind_n be_v ancient_o among_o they_o of_o the_o british_a judge_n the_o druid_n of_o their_o bard_n of_o their_o tylwyth_n of_o their_o manner_n of_o partition_n and_o law_n concern_v their_o gavel_n julius_n caesar_n resolve_v upon_o a_o war_n against_o the_o britain_n for_o their_o frequent_a assist_v the_o gaul_n have_v in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o do_v with_o the_o cantiani_fw-la who_o he_o ennoblish_v with_o the_o character_n of_o be_v more_o civil_a than_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o britain_n and_o render_v the_o reason_n to_o be_v their_o fire_n upon_o the_o shore_n and_o so_o the_o more_o adapt_v for_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n with_o the_o gaul_n who_o be_v general_o than_o more_o civilise_a than_o they_o these_o part_n upon_o caesar_n est_fw-la caesar_n beda_n cap._n 2._o writing_n of_o caesar_n preparation_n to_o invade_v britaany_n say_v navibus_fw-la ectoginta_fw-la praeparatis_fw-la in_o britanniam_fw-la transvehitur_fw-la ubi_fw-la acerbá_fw-la primum_fw-la pugnâ_fw-la satigatus_fw-la deinde_fw-la adversà _fw-la tempestate_fw-la correptus_fw-la plurimam_fw-la classis_fw-la partem_fw-la &_o non_fw-la parvum_fw-la numcrum_fw-la militum_fw-la equitum_fw-la verò_fw-la penè_fw-la omnem_fw-la disperdidit_fw-la iterum_fw-la in_o britanniam_fw-la primo_fw-la veer_fw-la transvectus_fw-la dum_fw-la ipse_fw-la in_o hostem_fw-la cum_fw-la ingenti_fw-la exercitu_fw-la pergit_fw-la nave_n in_o anchoris_fw-la stantes_fw-la tempestate_fw-la correptae_fw-la vel_fw-la collisae_fw-la inter_fw-la se_fw-la dissolutae_fw-la sunt_fw-la exit_fw-la quibus_fw-la 40_o pericrunt_fw-la caeterae_fw-la cum_fw-la magna_fw-la difficultate_fw-la reparâ—tae_fw-la suat_fw-la caesaris_fw-la equitatus_fw-la primo_fw-la congressu_fw-la à _fw-la britannis_fw-la victus_fw-la ibidem_fw-la labienus_n tribunus_n occisus_fw-la est_fw-la second_o invasion_n first_o yield_v themselves_o unto_o he_o the_o second_o invasion_n i_o term_v
the_o vaughan_n of_o brechnock-shire_n and_o many_o other_o gentleman_n who_o be_v term_v tylwyth_n voreiddig_n 1._o gwgan_n ap_fw-mi blethin_n 2._o cadivor_fw-la ap_fw-mi blethin_n gryff_fw-mi gwyr_n from_o who_o the_o family_n of_o brechn_n glamorg_n and_o carmatthenshires_n come_v call_v tylwyth_n howel-melyn_n that_o be_v howel-melyns_a posterity_n owen_n gethyn_n from_o who_o many_o gentleman_n in_o brechnock-shire_n be_v descend_v call_v tylwyth_n owen_n gethyn_n that_o be_v the_o posterity_n or_o tribe_n of_o owen_n gethin_n here_o you_o see_v this_o bard_n have_v not_o only_o vouchsafe_v unto_o we_o the_o tylwyth_n arise_v out_o of_o this_o short_a pedigree_n but_o also_o the_o very_a meaning_n of_o the_o word_n in_o the_o english_a thus_o be_v their_o memorial_n preserve_v by_o they_o who_o the_o better_a to_o infix_v they_o and_o also_o for_o a_o great_a stimulum_fw-la to_o heroic_a action_n in_o their_o song_n deduce_v from_o age_n to_o age_n deliver_v to_o they_o from_o their_o predecessor_n do_v celebrate_v the_o praise_n of_o their_o worthy_a man_n which_o custom_n in_o some_o place_n they_o yet_o retain_v and_o of_o so_o great_a account_n be_v these_o bard_n that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o howel-dha_a a_o honourable_a provision_n be_v make_v for_o the_o chief_a of_o they_o in_o the_o court_n who_o be_v to_o reside_v near_o the_o person_n of_o the_o prince_n and_o of_o so_o great_a repute_n be_v this_o place_n or_o office_n that_o to_o the_o dignity_n be_v annex_v a_o particular_a refugium_fw-la the_o use_n of_o these_o tylwyth_n be_v to_o show_v not_o only_o the_o original_n of_o family_n as_o if_o their_o work_n have_v be_v mere_o to_o run_v over_o a_o pedigree_n but_o the_o several_a distinction_n and_o distance_n of_o birth_n that_o in_o case_n any_o line_n shall_v make_v a_o failer_z the_o next_o in_o degree_n which_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o german_a proximus_fw-la gradus_fw-la may_v make_v a_o unconfounded_a use_n of_o their_o interest_n according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o partition_n by_o their_o gavel_n i_o tell_v you_o before_o how_o in_o all_o their_o pedigree_n there_o be_v a_o preference_n of_o primogeniture_n which_o be_v only_o in_o honour_n and_o respect_n and_o not_o in_o unequal_a division_n of_o the_o patrimony_n for_o in_o these_o the_o better_a to_o carry_v a_o light_n use_v lustre_n they_o point_v at_o the_o penennedl_n of_o each_o family_n who_o as_o the_o prince_n of_o their_o tribe_n and_o kindred_n be_v always_o have_v in_o much_o honour_n and_o reverence_n among_o they_o which_o respect_n be_v like_a that_o wherewith_o the_o jew_n do_v honour_v their_o chief_n mention_v they_o with_o that_o title_n of_o respect_n in_o call_v they_o sometime_o head_n of_o their_o father_n house_n other-while_n chief_a man_n and_o in_o other_o place_n of_o scripture_n they_o be_v make_v know_v by_o this_o account_n viz._n by_o their_o generation_n after_o the_o house_n of_o their_o father_n and_o in_o this_o form_n do_v they_o enrol_v their_o band_n of_o soldier_n for_o the_o war_n for_o it_o be_v write_v in_o the_o chronicle_n chapter_n 1_o chron_n 7._o and_o 8_o chapter_n that_o david_n assemble_v all_o the_o prince_n of_o israel_n the_o prince_n of_o the_o tribe_n etc._n etc._n unto_o jerusalem_n 25.44_o numb_a 25.44_o in_o like_a manner_n it_o be_v record_v in_o number_n that_o the_o name_n of_o the_o israelite_n that_o be_v slay_v be_v zimti_n the_o son_n of_o salu_n a_o prince_n of_o a_o chief_a house_n among_o the_o simeonites_n and_o in_o the_o follow_a verse_n it_o be_v remember_v that_o the_o name_n of_o the_o midianitish_a woman_n that_o be_v slay_v be_v cozbi_n the_o daughter_n of_o zur_n he_o be_v head_n of_o a_o people_n and_o of_o a_o chief_a house_n in_o midian_a where_o this_o order_n of_o partition_n be_v in_o force_n there_o be_v it_o most_o necessary_a that_o genealogy_n shall_v be_v most_o exact_o keep_v and_o by_o the_o moysaicall_a law_n so_o great_a care_n be_v take_v in_o this_o point_n that_o the_o tribe_n be_v not_o permit_v to_o have_v mixtion_n together_o by_o intermarriage_n and_o although_o in_o many_o of_o the_o highland_n of_o scotland_n they_o have_v lose_v this_o tenure_n yet_o have_v they_o with_o much_o affection_n retain_v their_o respect_n to_o the_o head_n of_o their_o clan_n call_v they_o their_o chief_n to_o who_o in_o former_a time_n they_o give_v more_o respect_n and_o be_v with_o more_o obedience_n command_v than_o by_o their_o prince_n the_o pedigree_n before_o recite_v i_o tell_v you_o i_o give_v to_o show_v their_o manner_n of_o record_v their_o family_n of_o gentry_n distinguish_v from_o their_o pen-cennedl_a i_o have_v another_o that_o â—â—ows_v how_o tenacious_o their_o gavel_n be_v in_o force_n among_o they_o even_o in_o regno_fw-la adâ—unâ—o_fw-la and_o how_o by_o it_o in_o process_n of_o time_n that_o principality_n come_v to_o great_a loss_n and_o destruction_n roderick_n the_o great_a be_v prince_n of_o all_o wales_n have_v three_o son_n among_o who_o he_o divide_v his_o territory_n which_o three_o son_n be_v call_v y_o tri_n twysoc_n talaethioc_n that_o be_v the_o three_o crown_a prince_n because_o every_o one_o of_o they_o do_v wear_v upon_o his_o bonnet_n or_o helmet_n a_o coronet_n of_o gold_n be_v a_o broad_a lace_n or_o hatband_n indent_v upward_o set_v and_o wrought_v with_o precious_a stone_n which_o in_o the_o british_a be_v call_v talaeth_n by_o which_o name_n the_o nurse_n do_v call_v the_o head-band_n wherewith_o a_o child_n head_n be_v bind_v uppermost_a at_o this_o time_n as_o doctor_n powel_n have_v critical_o observe_v but_o that_o it_o may_v be_v the_o more_o plain_a and_o perspicuous_a take_v it_o genealogistical_o thus_o roderick_n surname_v the_o great_a prince_n of_o wales_n 1._o mervyn_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n 2._o cadelh_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n howel-dha_a in_o who_o the_o territory_n of_o north-wales_n and_o south-wales_n be_v unite_v and_o be_v the_o second_o legislator_n of_o the_o britan_n an._n christi_fw-la 942._o 3._o anarawd_n prince_n of_o powis_n after_o several_a succession_n which_o i_o purposely_o omit_v to_o save_v the_o labour_n of_o needless_o lengthen_v the_o line_n there_o from_o he_o proceed_v one_o convyn-blethin_a ap_fw-mi convyn_n who_o be_v prince_n of_o powis-land_n divide_v it_o to_o his_o two_o son_n 1._o meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethin_n who_o divide_v his_o apartment_n of_o powis-land_n betwixt_o his_o two_o son_n 1._o madoc_n who_o have_v upon_o the_o division_n that_o part_n that_o be_v call_v powys-uadoc_a or_o madoc_n his_o powis_n he_o die_v anno_fw-la d._n 1160._o at_o winchester_n and_o be_v call_v the_o prince_n of_o powy_n he_o be_v a_o true_a friend_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n susanua_n daughter_n of_o gruffyth_n ap_fw-mi conan_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n 2._o gruffyth_o prince_n of_o powy_n have_v another_o share_n of_o powy_n land_n 1._o gruffith_n maelor_n have_v for_o his_o share_n bromefield_n yale_n hopedale_n chirk_n etc._n etc._n 2._o owen_n vachan_n have_v mechain-iscoid_a etc._n etc._n 2._o cadogan_n ap_fw-mi blethin_n 1_o owyn_n brogynton_n a_o base_a son_n of_o madoc_n ap_fw-mi blethin_n have_v dynmael_n and_o edeirneon_n and_o doctor_n powel_n in_o his_o additament_n to_o the_o cambrian_a history_n in_o those_o i_o mean_v that_o he_o have_v set_v betwixt_o the_o year_n 808._o and_o 810._o give_v a_o full_a discourse_n of_o the_o primitive_a use_n of_o this_o tenure_n and_o also_o of_o the_o modern_a abuse_n thereof_o for_o upon_o those_o great_a feud_n that_o arise_v betwixt_o the_o descendant_n of_o conan_n tindaethwy_n upon_o this_o account_n of_o partition_n he_o write_v thus_o here_o i_o think_v fit_a to_o say_v somewhat_o of_o the_o custom_n and_o tenure_n of_o wales_n whereof_o this_o mischief_n grow_v viz._n the_o feud_n betwixt_o brethren_n the_o rend_v the_o government_n in_o piece_n etc._n etc._n that_o be_v the_o division_n of_o the_o father_n inheritance_n among_o all_o the_o son_n common_o call_v gavelkind_n gavel_n be_v a_o british_a term_n signify_v a_o hold_n because_o every_o one_o of_o the_o son_n do_v hold_v some_o portion_n of_o his_o father_n land_n as_o his_o lawful_a son_n and_o successor_n this_o be_v the_o cause_n not_o only_o of_o the_o overthrow_n of_o all_o the_o ancient_a nobility_n in_o wales_n for_o by_o that_o mean_n the_o inheritance_n be_v continual_o divide_v and_o subdivide_v among_o the_o child_n and_o the_o child_n child_n etc._n etc._n be_v at_o length_n bring_v to_o nothing_o but_o also_o of_o much_o bloodshed_n and_o unnatural_a strife_n and_o contention_n among_o brethren_n aâ—_n we_o have_v here_o a_o example_n viz._n the_o history_n of_o the_o descendant_n of_o conan_n tindaethwy_n and_o many_o other_o in_o this_o history_n he_o mean_v in_o lancarvan_n british_a history_n nation_n history_n i_o can_v wish_v that_o those_o renown_a english_a plantation_n in_o america_n will_v examine_v of_o what_o avail_n
coronatus_n est_fw-la in_o regem_fw-la de_fw-fr wight_n manu_fw-la regius_fw-la &_o paulo_fw-la post_fw-la quemadmodum_fw-la richardus_fw-la rex_fw-la secuadus_fw-la cum_fw-la robertum_fw-la comitem_fw-la oxoniae_fw-la qui_fw-la &_o marchiâ—_n dubliniae_fw-la &_o dux_n hiberniae_fw-la fait_fw-fr regem_fw-la hiberniae_fw-la creare_fw-la destinarat_fw-la se_fw-la interea_fw-la insulam_fw-la illam_fw-la non_fw-la minore_fw-la quam_fw-la regis_fw-la tametsi_fw-la domini_fw-la nomen_fw-la tunc_fw-la uti_fw-la etiam_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la henrici_fw-la octavi_fw-la tempora_fw-la posteriora_fw-la regis_fw-la ibi_fw-la vicem_fw-la omnina_fw-la suppleret_fw-la titulo_fw-la ac_fw-la dignitate_fw-la possidere_fw-la proculdubio_fw-la non_fw-la dubitavit_fw-la by_o which_o custom_n bring_v down_o so_o near_o our_o age_n and_o deduce_v from_o the_o practice_n of_o ancient_a time_n it_o be_v no_o wonder_n that_o we_o find_v so_o many_o in_o several_a age_n dignify_v with_o that_o title_n either_o as_o a_o especial_a mark_n of_o honour_n or_o by_o the_o privilege_n of_o descent_n as_o the_o earl_n of_o derby_n at_o this_o present_a be_v with_o the_o title_n of_o king_n in_o man._n be_v a_o ancient_a custom_n among_o the_o britain_n and_o after_o they_o of_o the_o saxon_n to_o give_v the_o title_n of_o reguli_fw-la to_o all_o lord_n that_o have_v the_o charge_n and_o custody_n of_o ditch_n of_o from_o this_o it_o be_v that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o rich._n 2._o come_v up_o first_o the_o title_n of_o marquess_n which_o be_v a_o governor_n of_o the_o march_n for_o before_o time_n those_o that_o govern_v the_o march_n be_v call_v common_o lord_n marcher_n and_o not_o marquess_n as_o judge_v dodaridge_n have_v observe_v in_o his_o law_n of_o nobility_n and_o peerage_n under_o the_o title_n of_o marquess_n pag_n 31._o where_n in_o that_o chapter_n he_o also_o add_v this_o paragraph_n well_o worth_a the_o read_n after_o the_o norman_n have_v conquer_v this_o land_n it_o be_v careful_o observe_v by_o they_o as_o a_o matter_n of_o much_o moment_n and_o a_o point_n of_o special_a policy_n to_o place_n upon_o the_o confine_n and_o border_n of_o the_o britain_n or_o welsh_n etc._n etc._n not_o then_o subdue_v man_n of_o much_o valour_n not_o only_o sufficient_o able_a to_o encounter_v the_o inroad_n and_o invasion_n of_o the_o enemy_n but_o also_o willing_a to_o make_v onset_n of_o they_o and_o enlarge_v the_o conquest_n these_o man_n thus_o place_v be_v of_o high_a blood_n credit_n and_o countenance_n among_o their_o countryman_n the_o norman_n and_o in_o who_o faith_n and_o power_n the_o conquetor_n repose_v special_a confidence_n and_o trust_n and_o therefore_o in_o their_o territory_n give_v unto_o they_o to_o hold_v their_o tenor_n be_v devise_v to_o be_v very_o special_a and_o of_o great_a importance_n and_o their_o honour_n enrich_v with_o the_o name_n and_o privilege_n of_o earl_n of_o chester_n and_o for_o the_o north-border_n of_o wales_n create_v to_o be_v a_o county_n palatine_n and_o the_o baron_n of_o the_o middle_a port_n of_o the_o south_n march_n be_v adorn_v in_o a_o manner_n with_o a_o palatine_a jutisdiction_n have_v a_o court_n of_o chancery_n and_o writ_n only_o among_o themselves_o pleadable_a to_o the_o intent_n that_o their_o attendance_n may_v not_o thence_o be_v drive_v for_o the_o prosecution_n of_o controversy_n and_o quarrel_n in_o the_o law_n and_o as_o for_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o south_n march_n they_o seem_v sufficient_o fence_v with_o the_o river_n of_o severn_n and_o the_o sea_n my_o business_n have_v be_v to_o make_v it_o probable_a that_o these_o reguli_fw-la be_v lord_n of_o march_n and_o limit_n long_o before_o the_o norman_a conquest_n to_o which_o i_o refer_v you_o neither_o be_v those_o welsh_a limit_n fence_v by_o severn_n but_o for_o many_o hundred_o of_o year_n by_o offa_n his_o ditch_n march_n and_o limit_n the_o name_n of_o many_o honour_a with_o that_o title_n i_o can_v show_v especial_o such_o as_o be_v custodes_fw-la or_o keeper_n of_o that_o famous_a limit_v betwixt_o the_o mercian_n and_o britain_n set_v out_o by_o that_o renown_a ditch_n which_o offa_n the_o king_n of_o mercia_n draw_v a_o memorial_n of_o some_o of_o they_o out_o of_o a_o ancient_a author_n ancient_a hist_o m_n s._n penes_fw-la author_n m_n s._n chronicle_n that_o i_o have_v i_o shall_v exhibit_v wherein_o such_o person_n be_v not_o only_o call_v reguli_fw-la but_o also_o reges_a penda_fw-la say_v this_o anonymous_n author_n do_v spread_v his_o kingdom_n of_o mercia_n very_o far_o about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 620._o for_o he_o slay_v in_o battle_n two_o king_n of_o northumberland_n saint_n edwin_n and_o saint_n oswald_n and_o three_o king_n of_o the_o eastangle_v egric_fw-la st._n sigebert_n &_o anna._n the_o say_v penda_n have_v by_o his_o queen_n kineswith_n sive_fw-la son_n wolfer_n saint_n ethelred_n saint_n merewald_n saint_n mercelin_n and_o one_o other_o this_o without_o a_o name_n in_o this_o place_n be_v his_o elder_a son_n peada_n and_o two_o daughter_n saint_n kynesburg_n and_o kyneswith_n he_o reign_v 30_o year_n wulpher_n be_v the_o first_o king_n of_o the_o mercian_n that_o receive_v the_o faith_n of_o christ_n and_o he_o marry_v st._n ermenild_a the_o daughter_n of_o ercombert_n king_n of_o kent_n by_o his_o queen_n st._n sexburge_n germanus_n vero_fw-la ipsius_fw-la westanheconorum_fw-la rex_fw-la sanctus_n merewoldus_n marry_v st._n ermenburg_n the_o daughter_n of_o ermenred_n the_o king_n brother_n of_o the_o say_v ercombert_n and_o by_o she_o have_v three_o daughter_n all_o of_o they_o saint_n two_o of_o their_o name_n be_v milburg_n and_o mildrith_n and_o one_o son_n st._n merimnus_n who_o be_v dead_a his_o uncle_n st._n mercelin_n do_v reign_v in_o his_o stead_n here_o be_v several_a king_n who_o name_n you_o will_v hardly_o find_v in_o the_o chronicle_n but_o bodl._n but_o m_o s._n vol._n 4._o in_o biblioth_n bodl._n leland_n in_o his_o itinerary_n report_v out_o of_o some_o book_n in_o his_o time_n find_v in_o religious_a house_n that_o this_o merewaldus_n who_o he_o call_v king_n of_o the_o march_n build_v a_o monastery_n for_o nun_n at_o lempster_n which_o in_o the_o britsh_fw-mi be_v call_v lian-llieni_a lleian_n signify_v virgo_fw-la vestalis_fw-la sanctimontalis_n in_o english_a the_o church_n of_o nun_n and_o endow_v it_o with_o all_o the_o land_n thereabouts_o save_v only_o the_o lordship_n now_o caulid_a kingesland_n after_o these_o succession_n in_o this_o small_a kingdom_n i_o find_v one_o ethelmund_n be_v also_o king_n of_o the_o west_n anheconi_fw-fr who_o be_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o northwest_n part_n of_o herefordshire_n certain_a to_o be_v so_o not_o only_o by_o the_o place_n mention_v in_o that_o tract_n of_o land_n but_o for_o that_o i_o find_v one_o wlfhard_n who_o by_o bishop_n godwin_n be_v doubtless_o mistake_v to_o be_v put_v as_o successor_n to_o utellus_fw-la but_o shall_v have_v his_o place_n betwixt_o podda_n and_o ecca_n bishop_n of_o hereford_n in_o his_o sign_v to_o the_o charter_n grant_v to_o the_o abbey_n of_o winchelcomb_n anno_fw-la dom._n 811._o write_v himself_o thus_o 127._o monast_n angl._n pag._n 127._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d ego_fw-la wulfhardus_fw-la hecanae_n quae_fw-la nunc_fw-la herefordiensis_fw-la dicitur_fw-la episcopus_fw-la consensi_fw-la &_o subscripsi_fw-la and_o math._n of_o westminster_n write_v that_o he_o be_v bishop_n of_o hereford_n in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 765._o at_o that_o time_n when_o offa_n king_n of_o mercia_n procure_v of_o pope_n adrian_n a_o archbishop_n seat_n at_o lichfield_n many_o other_o reguli_fw-la be_v in_o these_o merche_n for_o they_o do_v consist_v of_o several_a frontier_n jurisdiction_n i_o have_v find_v some_o very_a ancient_a as_o of_o pibanus_n king_n of_o ergin_n now_o urchinfeld_n the_o grandfather_n of_o st._n dubritius_fw-la the_o archhishop_n of_o caerleon_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n arthur_n of_o one_o gorvodius_n king_n of_o the_o same_o place_n after_o he_o but_o i_o can_v let_v pass_n that_o which_o i_o find_v in_o a_o record_n transcribe_v into_o a_o register_n book_n of_o one_o of_o the_o bishop_n of_o hereford_n certify_v as_o i_o guess_v from_o innocent_a the_o three_o concern_v a_o donation_n to_o the_o church_n of_o hereford_n wherein_o the_o donor_n be_v term_v regulus_n his_o name_n at_o present_a i_o do_v not_o remember_v but_o reforr_n it_o to_o another_o place_n he_o be_v say_v to_o fortify_v his_o gift_n to_o the_o church_n in_o it_o to_o be_v in_o plena_fw-la regius_fw-la potestate_fw-la milfrith_n the_o principal_a benefactor_n if_o not_o founder_n of_o the_o minster_n at_o hereford_n be_v denominate_v sometime_o regulus_n sometime_o rex_fw-la four_o reguli_fw-la in_o kent_n at_o one_o and_o the_o same_o time_n witness_v to_o a_o charter_n of_o one_o of_o the_o king_n thereof_o in_o the_o time_n of_o julius_n caesar_n brit._n cambd._n in_o brit._n quatuor_fw-la erant_fw-la reguli_fw-la qui_fw-la cantio_fw-la praeerant_fw-la cingetorix_n carvilius_n taximagulus_n &_o segoâ—ax_n upon_o
whereas_o there_o be_v no_o more_o in_o it_o than_o the_o plain_a acquisition_n or_o get_v of_o this_o realm_n of_o england_n after_o his_o pretence_n from_o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n be_v make_v know_v as_o in_o the_o follow_a tract_n appear_v by_o the_o constraint_n and_o force_n that_o harald_n put_v he_o unto_o to_o get_v his_o settlement_n by_o battle_n with_o he_o which_o word_n of_o conquest_n be_v to_o this_o day_n familiar_o use_v in_o scotland_n to_o signify_v land_n purchase_v and_o mr._n john_n skene_n say_v upon_o the_o word_n that_o conquestus_fw-la signify_v land_n quhilk_n any_o person_n acquiris_fw-la &_o possessis_fw-la privato_fw-la jure_fw-la vel_fw-la singulari_fw-la titulo_fw-la velâ—ti_fw-la donatione_fw-la vel_fw-la singulari_fw-la aliquo_fw-la contractu_fw-la quhilk_n be_v conform_v to_o the_o civil_a law_n ubi_fw-la quae_fw-la stus_fw-la dicitur_fw-la lucrum_fw-la quod_fw-la ex_fw-la emptione_n venditione_n locatione_fw-la conductione_n vel_fw-la generaliter_fw-la ex_fw-la opera_fw-la cu_z jus_o descendit_fw-la l._n coiri_fw-la 7._o cum_fw-la seq_fw-la ff_n pro_fw-la socio_fw-la and_o further_o write_v of_o land_n so_o purchase_v conclude_v conquestus_fw-la dicitur_fw-la ratione_fw-la primi_fw-la conquestoris_fw-la &_o cum_fw-la transmittitur_fw-la ad_fw-la ejus_fw-la haeredem_fw-la exuit_fw-la naturam_fw-la conquestus_fw-la &_o induit_fw-la naturam_fw-la haereditatis_fw-la norman_a conquest_n concern_v which_o also_o we_o have_v so_o great_a a_o plenty_n of_o writer_n that_o they_o almost_o extinguish_v the_o truth_n with_o their_o comment_n and_o conceit_n all_o the_o alteration_n imaginable_a be_v father_v upon_o this_o revolution_n and_o sum_v up_o by_o mr._n samuel_n daniel_n in_o these_o word_n i_o come_v to_o write_v of_o a_o time_n mean_v this_o norman_a affair_n wherein_o the_o state_n of_o england_n receive_v a_o alteration_n of_o law_n custom_n fashion_n manner_n of_o live_v language_n write_v with_o new_a form_n of_o fight_v fortification_n building_n and_o general_o a_o innovation_n in_o most_o thing_n but_o religion_n i_o make_v choice_n of_o this_o paragraph_n of_o so_o elegant_a a_o author_n as_o mr._n daniel_n who_o have_v deserve_v very_o well_o from_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o learning_n for_o his_o ingenuous_a observation_n to_o examine_v the_o particular_n of_o this_o great_a mutation_n so_o general_o imagine_v which_o enumeration_n will_v also_o afford_v we_o the_o method_n of_o our_o discourse_n concern_v that_o which_o happen_v to_o the_o english_a at_o that_o time_n and_o first_o of_o all_o concern_v the_o alteration_n of_o our_o law_n which_o be_v the_o principal_a matter_n of_o our_o enquiry_n of_o which_o among_o many_o mr._n camden_n himself_o have_v thus_o write_v victor_n gulielmus_fw-la in_o victoriae_fw-la quasi_fw-la trophaeum_fw-la antiquatis_fw-la pro_fw-la maximâ_fw-la parte_fw-la anglorum_fw-la legibus_fw-la normanniae_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la induxit_fw-la causasque_fw-la gallicè_fw-la disceptari_fw-la jussit_fw-la yet_o present_o add_v propositis_fw-la igitur_fw-la legibus_fw-la anglicanis_fw-la merchenlage_n danelage_n &_o westsaxenlage_n quasdam_fw-la reprobavit_fw-la quasdam_fw-la autem_fw-la approbans_fw-la transmarinas_fw-la neustriae_fw-la leges_fw-la quae_fw-la ad_fw-la regni_fw-la pacem_fw-la tuendam_fw-la efficacissimae_fw-la videbantur_fw-la adjecit_fw-la but_o to_o evince_v this_o let_v we_o have_v recourse_n as_o near_o as_o we_o can_v to_o the_o author_n that_o be_v of_o that_o age_n and_o serious_o weigh_v what_o they_o deliver_v unto_o we_o concern_v this_o matter_n mr._n selden_n our_o of_o the_o litchfield_n chronicle_n cite_v also_o by_o my_o very_o much_o honour_a friend_n and_o incourager_n sir_n roger_n twysden_n introduce_v these_o word_n anno_fw-la gulielmus_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la quarto_fw-la apud_fw-la londonias_fw-la consilio_fw-la baronum_fw-la suorum_fw-la fecit_fw-la summoniri_fw-la per_fw-la universos_fw-la angliae_fw-la comitatus_fw-la omnes_fw-la nobiles_fw-la sapientes_fw-la &_o sva_fw-la lege_fw-la eruditos_fw-la ut_fw-la eorum_fw-la leges_fw-la &_o consuetudines_fw-la audiret_fw-la et_fw-la licet_fw-la idem_fw-la rex_fw-la willielmus_fw-la leges_fw-la northfolktae_fw-la &_o suffolkiae_fw-la grantbrigiae_fw-la &_o deirae_n ubi_fw-la quondam_a maxima_fw-la pars_fw-la danorum_fw-la &_o norwegiensium_fw-la inhabitabant_fw-la prius_fw-la magis_fw-la approbaverat_fw-la &_o eas_fw-la per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la observari_fw-la praeceperat_fw-la pro_fw-la eo_fw-la quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la antecessores_fw-la ejâ—s_fw-la &_o fere_n omnes_fw-la barones_n normanniae_fw-la norwegenses_n extitissent_fw-la &_o quod_fw-la de_fw-la norwegia_fw-la olim_fw-la venissent_fw-la sed_fw-la postea_fw-la ad_fw-la preces_fw-la communitatis_fw-la anglorum_fw-la rex_fw-la adquievit_fw-la qui_fw-la deprecati_fw-la sunt_fw-la quatenus_fw-la permitteret_fw-la sibi_fw-la leges_fw-la proprias_fw-la &_o consuetudines_fw-la antiquas_fw-la habere_fw-la in_fw-la quibus_fw-la vixerant_fw-la patres_fw-la eorum_fw-la &_o ipsi_fw-la in_o eye_n nati_fw-la &_o nutriti_fw-la sunt_fw-la scilicet_fw-la leges_fw-la sancti_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la &_o ex_fw-la illo_fw-la die_fw-la magna_fw-la authoritate_fw-la veneratae_fw-la &_o per_fw-la universum_fw-la regnum_fw-la corroboratae_fw-la &_o conservatae_fw-la sunt_fw-la praecaeteris_fw-la regni_fw-la legibus_fw-la leges_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la unde_fw-la per_fw-la praeceptum_fw-la regis_fw-la willielmi_n electi_fw-la sunt_fw-la de_fw-la singulis_fw-la totius_fw-la angliae_fw-la comitatibus_fw-la duodecim_fw-la viri_fw-la sapientiores_fw-la quibus_fw-la jurejurando_fw-la injunctum_fw-la fuit_fw-la coram_fw-la rege_fw-la willielmo_n ut_fw-la quoad_fw-la possent_fw-la recto_fw-la tramite_fw-la neque_fw-la ad_fw-la dexteram_fw-la neque_fw-la ad_fw-la sinistram_fw-la declinantes_fw-la legum_fw-la suarum_fw-la &_o consuetu_fw-la inum_fw-la sancita_fw-la patefacerent_fw-la nil_fw-la praetermittentes_fw-la nil_fw-la addentes_fw-la nil_fw-la praevaricando_fw-la mutantes_fw-la alderedus_fw-la autem_fw-la eboracensis_fw-la episcopus_fw-la &_o hugo_n londoniensis_fw-la episcopus_fw-la per_fw-la praeceptum_fw-la regis_fw-la scripserunt_fw-la propriis_fw-la manibus_fw-la omne_fw-la quae_fw-la praedicti_fw-la jurati_fw-la dixerunt_fw-la etc._n etc._n ingulphus_n crolandensis_n also_o who_o be_v chaplain_n to_o this_o king_n william_n and_o be_v himself_o somewhat_o concern_v in_o this_o affair_n and_o so_o the_o more_o to_o be_v believe_v as_o a_o agent_n write_v a_o little_a more_o plain_o than_o the_o last_o do_v thus_o attuli_fw-la say_v he_o eadem_fw-la vice_fw-la mecum_fw-la lundoniis_fw-la in_o meum_fw-la monasterium_fw-la leges_fw-la aequissimi_fw-la regis_fw-la ewardi_fw-la quas_fw-la dominus_fw-la meus_fw-la inclytus_fw-la rex_fw-la willielmus_fw-la autenticas_fw-la esse_fw-la &_o perpetuas_fw-la per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la angliae_fw-la inviolabilitérque_fw-la tenendas_fw-la sub_fw-la poenis_fw-la gravissimis_fw-la proclamarat_fw-la &_o suis_fw-la justiciariis_fw-la commendârat_fw-la eodem_fw-la idiomate_fw-la quo_fw-la editae_fw-la sunt_fw-la ne_fw-la per_fw-la ignorantiam_fw-la contingat_fw-la nos_fw-la vel_fw-la nostros_fw-la aliquando_fw-la in_fw-la nostrum_fw-la grave_n periculum_fw-la contraire_fw-fr &_o offendere_fw-la ausu_fw-la temerario_fw-la regiam_fw-la majestatem_fw-la ac_fw-la in_o ejus_fw-la censuras_fw-la rigidissimas_fw-la improvidum_fw-la pedem_fw-la far_o contentas_fw-la saepius_fw-la in_o eisdem_fw-la hoc_fw-la modo_fw-la and_o the_o title_n of_o those_o law_n be_v this_o ces_n sont_fw-fr les_fw-fr leis_fw-la &_o les_fw-fr custumes_n que_fw-fr li_n reis_n william_n grantut_o à _fw-fr tut_o le_fw-fr peuple_fw-fr de_fw-fr engleterre_fw-fr apres_fw-fr le_fw-fr conquest_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr terre_fw-fr iceles_n meisme_n que_fw-fr le_fw-fr reis_n edward_n sun_n cousin_n tint_v devant_fw-fr lui_fw-fr which_o be_v in_o english_a these_o be_v the_o law_n and_o custom_n which_o king_n william_n grant_v to_o all_o the_o people_n of_o england_n after_o the_o conquest_n of_o the_o land_n and_o be_v the_o same_o which_o king_n edward_n his_o cousin_n do_v hold_v before_o he_o and_o the_o like_a account_n give_v by_o the_o litchfield_n chronicle_n be_v find_v in_o the_o law_n of_o king_n edward_n which_o though_o from_o he_o receive_v the_o denomination_n yet_o probable_o be_v transcript_n of_o a_o date_n since_o the_o norman_a conquest_n for_o that_o in_o they_o be_v find_v a_o express_a of_o the_o norman_a settlement_n of_o they_o in_o which_o be_v also_o a_o account_n of_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o rate_n of_o mulcâ—s_n betwixt_o the_o saxon_n and_o dane_n or_o norwegian_n and_o because_o of_o the_o â—â—ar_a relation_n the_o norman_n have_v to_o the_o dane_n it_o be_v say_v that_o king_n william_n make_v choice_n of_o those_o law_n and_o will_v have_v have_v they_o put_v in_o execution_n as_o the_o law_n of_o england_n quip_n cum_fw-la aliarum_fw-la legibus_fw-la nationum_fw-la brytonum_fw-la scilicet_fw-la anglorum_fw-la pictorum_fw-la &_o scotorum_fw-la praeponderassent_fw-la he_o praise_v and_o like_v of_o this_o danelaege_a best_o only_o this_o observe_v if_o it_o be_v worth_a take_v notice_n of_o that_o not_o only_o the_o british_a law_n come_v into_o the_o account_n but_o also_o they_o be_v set_v in_o the_o first_o place_n but_o king_n william_n desigment_n have_v this_o effect_n and_o issue_n for_o take_v that_o resolution_n it_o be_v say_v quo_fw-la audito_fw-la mox_fw-la universi_fw-la compatriotae_fw-la regni_fw-la qui_fw-la leges_fw-la edixerant_fw-la tristes_fw-la effecti_fw-la unanimiter_fw-la deprecati_fw-la sunt_fw-la quatenus_fw-la permitteret_fw-la sibi_fw-la leges_fw-la proprias_fw-la &_o consuetudines_fw-la antiquas_fw-la habere_fw-la in_o quibus_fw-la vix_fw-la runt_n patres_fw-la eorum_fw-la &_o ipsi_fw-la in_o eye_n nati_fw-la &_o nutriti_fw-la sunt_fw-la
infamis_fw-la ante_fw-la fuerat_fw-la per_fw-la serment_n nomed_a videlicet_fw-la fourteen_o etc._n fourteen_o judge_n dodaridge_n in_o his_o treatise_n of_o the_o baron_n pag._n 155_o say_v the_o yeomanry_n or_o common_a people_n for_o they_o be_v call_v of_o the_o saxon_a word_n zeman_n which_o do_v signify_v common_a who_o have_v some_o land_n of_o their_o own_o to_o live_v upon_o for_o a_o câ—rve_v of_o land_n or_o ploughland_n be_v in_o ancient_a time_n of_o the_o yearly_a value_n of_o five_o noble_n and_o this_o be_v the_o live_n of_o a_o sober_a man_n or_o yeoman_n coke_n 9_o part_n fol._n 124._o b._n but_o in_o our_o law_n they_o be_v call_v legales_fw-la homines_fw-la a_o word_n very_o familiar_a in_o writ_n and_o inquest_n etc._n etc._n homines_fw-la legales_fw-la per_fw-la non_fw-la si_fw-la be_v habere_fw-la eos_fw-la poterit_fw-la purget_fw-la se_fw-la dvodecima_fw-la manu_fw-la etc._n etc._n so_o in_o the_o next_o number_n against_o those_o that_o break_v a_o church_n or_o a_o dwellinghouse_n it_o be_v say_v se_fw-la purget_fw-la per_fw-la xlii_o etc._n xlii_o judge_n dodaridge_n in_o his_o treatise_n of_o the_o baron_n pag._n 155_o say_v the_o yeomanry_n or_o common_a people_n for_o they_o be_v call_v of_o the_o saxon_a word_n zeman_n which_o do_v signify_v common_a who_o have_v some_o land_n of_o their_o own_o to_o live_v upon_o for_o a_o câ—rve_v of_o land_n or_o ploughland_n be_v in_o ancient_a time_n of_o the_o yearly_a value_n of_o five_o noble_n and_o this_o be_v the_o live_n of_o a_o sober_a man_n or_o yeoman_n coke_n 9_o part_n fol._n 124._o b._n but_o in_o our_o law_n they_o be_v call_v legales_fw-la homines_fw-la a_o word_n very_o familiar_a in_o writ_n and_o inquest_n etc._n etc._n legales_fw-la homines_fw-la nome_v se_fw-la dvodecima_fw-la manu_fw-la etc._n etc._n so_o it_o be_v decree_v for_o a_o pledge_n of_o any_o thief_n that_o be_v flee_v or_o escape_v plegius_fw-la ejus_fw-la habebit_fw-la iu_o menses_fw-la &_o unum_fw-la diem_fw-la ad_fw-la eum_fw-la quaerendum_fw-la &_o si_fw-la possit_fw-la eum_fw-la invenire_fw-la juret_fw-la se_fw-la dvodecima_fw-la manu_fw-la but_o this_o all_o look_n on_o this_o side_n the_o norman_a conquest_n let_v we_o therefore_o pass_v beyond_o it_o lest_o any_o shall_v be_v so_o inconsiderate_a as_o to_o think_v these_o cite_a law_n be_v not_o the_o law_n of_o the_o saxon_n before_o the_o conquest_n and_o in_o the_o xxxviii_o law_n of_o king_n edward_n we_o find_v this_o concern_v a_o person_n accuse_v si_fw-mi testarentur_fw-la hominem_fw-la de_fw-la bona_fw-la vita_fw-la &_o 2_o legalitate_fw-la purgaret_fw-la se_fw-la judicio_fw-la comitatus_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o in_o the_o day_n of_o king_n ethelred_n who_o be_v much_o infest_a with_o the_o dane_n he_o take_v order_n for_o the_o like_a sort_n of_o trial_n which_o be_v then_o one_o of_o the_o sort_n of_o and_o be_v call_v also_o purgation_n where_o one_o that_o be_v accuse_v be_v to_o take_v this_o course_n adjunctis_fw-la sibi_fw-la thanis_n quinque_fw-la omnem_fw-la criminis_fw-la suspitionem_fw-la diluito_fw-la and_o present_o after_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o almost_o in_o the_o same_o word_n it_o be_v repeat_v ascitis_fw-la sibi_fw-la thanis_n quinque_fw-la crimeneluito_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o the_o law_n of_o king_n ina_n it_o be_v provide_v that_o there_o shall_v be_v such_o a_o quantity_n of_o land_n contain_v a_o certain_a number_n of_o hide_n requisite_a for_o the_o judge_n of_o some_o man_n for_o mis-demeanour_n as_o in_o the_o xlvii_o law_n si_fw-mi cvi_fw-la objiciatur_fw-la furto_fw-la surripuisse_fw-la rem_fw-la aliquam_fw-la vel_fw-la furtim_fw-la subductam_fw-la admisisse_fw-la be_v pro_fw-la ratione_fw-la lx._n hydarum_fw-la se_fw-la culpa_fw-la liberato_fw-la si_fw-la modo_fw-la dignus_fw-la qui_fw-la juret_fw-la habetur_fw-la anglus_fw-la furti_fw-la postulatus_fw-la duplici_fw-la se_fw-la purget_fw-la numero_fw-la wallus_fw-la majore_fw-la juratorum_fw-la numero_fw-la non_fw-la obstringatur_fw-la here_o you_o see_v the_o two_o last_o refert_fw-la to_o the_o first_o and_o both_o to_o the_o number_n of_o jurate_n which_o what_o they_o be_v be_v to_o they_o so_o well_o know_v that_o they_o think_v it_o needless_a to_o set_v it_o down_o any_o otherways_o than_o by_o the_o number_n of_o hide_n which_o form_n occurr_v frequent_o up_o and_o down_o in_o those_o law_n but_o in_o the_o xix_o of_o the_o say_a king_n jna_n law_n i_o find_v somewhat_o that_o give_v a_o explanation_n to_o the_o former_a recite_v law_n where_o it_o be_v say_v regii_fw-la villici_fw-la jusjurandum_fw-la if_o he_o be_v a_o master_n of_o a_o family_n or_o a_o housekeeper_n ejus_fw-la est_fw-la momenti_fw-la ac_fw-la ponderis_fw-la ut_fw-la cum_fw-la lx._n terrae_fw-la hydis_fw-la exequari_fw-la intelligatur_fw-la in_o the_o same_o manner_n be_v it_o among_o the_o welsh_a where_o they_o be_v to_o the_o number_n of_o xlii_o as_o in_o several_a of_o the_o law_n of_o howel-dha_a and_o in_o the_o epitome_n of_o the_o custom_n of_o arcenefeld_n in_o domesday_n be_v to_o be_v see_v which_o i_o shall_v for_o brevity_n sake_n omit_v again_o the_o very_a fabric_n and_o make_v of_o all_o our_o law_n as_o now_o at_o present_a be_v not_o at_o all_o different_a from_o the_o ancient_a way_n of_o contexture_n of_o they_o among_o the_o saxon_n in_o their_o etheldredi_n their_o judge_n dâ—daridge_n in_o his_o treatise_n of_o nobility_n write_v pag._n 121._o of_o a_o treatise_n which_o he_o call_v very_o ancient_a denominate_v de_fw-fr modo_fw-la tenendi_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la tempore_fw-la regis_fw-la edw._n silij_fw-la regis_fw-la etheldredi_n mickel-gemote_a and_o their_o wittangemote_a both_o these_o together_o have_v receive_v the_o norman_a denomination_n of_o parliament_n although_o the_o thing_n be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o but_o that_o which_o be_v of_o great_a persuasion_n and_o force_n with_o i_o be_v that_o they_o have_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o norman_a conquest_n contrary_a to_o the_o common_a receive_v opinion_n the_o same_o way_n of_o make_v claim_n for_o land_n and_o title_n as_o before_o which_o the_o word_n calumniare_fw-la do_v signify_v and_o which_o 234._o which_o coke_n upon_o lit._n lib._n 2._o cap._n 12._o sect._n 234._o sr._n edward_n coke_n say_v be_v a_o word_n common_a to_o both_o if_o it_o prove_v so_o then_o probable_o use_v by_o the_o saxon_n before_o the_o conquest_n the_o controversy_n between_o warren_n the_o norman_a and_o sherburn_n of_o sherburn_n in_o the_o county_n of_o norfolk_n illustrate_v by_o mr._n campden_n show_v that_o all_o thing_n in_o that_o age_n do_v not_o pass_v sole_o according_a to_o his_o will_n for_o notwithstanding_o the_o castle_n of_o sherburn_n be_v give_v by_o the_o conqueror_n to_o warren_n his_o great_a favourite_n yet_o upon_o the_o allegation_n of_o sherburn_n that_o he_o do_v never_o bear_v arm_n against_o he_o but_o be_v his_o subject_n as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o and_o hold_v his_o land_n by_o that_o law_n that_o the_o king_n have_v establish_v among_o all_o his_o subject_n the_o king_n give_v judgement_n against_o warren_n and_o command_v that_o sherburn_n shall_v hold_v his_o land_n in_o peace_n this_o be_v cite_v as_o almost_o the_o only_a act_n of_o favour_n the_o conqueror_n do_v whereas_o it_o be_v mistake_v for_o it_o be_v a_o act_n of_o justice_n and_o such_o case_n do_v frequent_o appear_v in_o that_o record_n call_v domesday_n where_o i_o find_v among_o other_o this_o concern_v the_o manor_n of_o cerdeford_n in_o hantescire_fw-la hold_v by_o hugo_n de_fw-fr port._n in_o isto_fw-la manerio_fw-la tenet_fw-la picot_n 11._o vs._n &_o dimid_n de_fw-fr rege_fw-la phitelet_n tenuit_fw-la in_o alodium_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la edwardo_n pro_fw-la mannerio_n istam_fw-la terram_fw-la calumniatur_fw-la willielmus_fw-la de_fw-la chernet_n dicens_fw-la pertinere_fw-la ad_fw-la mannerium_n de_fw-fr cerdisord_n feudum_fw-la hugonis_fw-la de_fw-la port_n per_fw-la hereditatem_fw-la svi_fw-la antecessoris_fw-la &_o de_fw-la hoc_fw-la suum_fw-la testimonium_fw-la adduxit_fw-la de_fw-la melioribus_fw-la &_o antiquis_fw-la hominibus_fw-la totius_fw-la comitatus_fw-la &_o hundredi_n &_o picot_n contraduxit_fw-la suum_fw-la testimonium_fw-la de_fw-la villanis_fw-la &_o vili_fw-la plebe_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr prepositis_fw-la qui_fw-la volunt_fw-la defendere_fw-la per_fw-la sacramentum_fw-la aut_fw-la per_fw-la dei_fw-la judicium_fw-la quod_fw-la ille_fw-la qui_fw-la tenuit_fw-la terram_fw-la libre_fw-la homo_fw-la fuit_fw-la then_o exit_fw-la domesdei_fw-la hantescira_n tran_n tainonr_n regis_fw-la alwi_n filius_fw-la torber_n tenet_fw-la rocheborne_n uluiet_a tenuit_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la edw._n in_fw-la alodium_fw-la pro_fw-la manerio_fw-la de_fw-la ista_fw-la hida_fw-la i._o virg_n quam_fw-la calumniabatur_fw-la dicit_fw-la hund._n quod_fw-la t._n r._n e._n quieta_fw-la &_o soluta_fw-la fuit_fw-la &_o inde_fw-la habet_fw-la alwi_fw-la sigillum_fw-la regis_fw-la edw._n exit_fw-la domesdei_fw-la hantescire_fw-la tran_n tainonr_n regis_fw-la edwinus_fw-la tenet_fw-la acangre_n &_o dicit_fw-la quia_fw-la emit_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la willielmo_n sed_fw-la scira_fw-la nescit_fw-la hoc_fw-la de_fw-la hoc_fw-la manerio_fw-la calumniatur_fw-la prepositus_fw-la regis_fw-la dim_a hide_v ad_fw-la pasturam_fw-la boum_fw-la regis_fw-la scira_n vero_fw-la testatur_fw-la quod_fw-la
non_fw-la potest_fw-la habere_fw-la pasturam_fw-la nec_fw-la pasnag_fw-mi de_fw-fr silua_fw-la regis_fw-la sicut_fw-la calumniatur_fw-la nisi_fw-la per_fw-la vicecomitem_fw-la by_o this_o we_o see_v they_o implead_v their_o right_n against_o the_o king_n exit_fw-la eodem_fw-la in_o eadem_fw-la scira_n tran_n willmi_n arcuarii_n isdem_fw-la tenet_fw-la cuntune_v quinque_fw-la teini_fw-la tenuerunt_fw-la de_fw-fr rege_fw-la edw._n &_o quo_fw-la voluerunt_fw-la ire_n potuerant_fw-la aldredus_fw-la frater_fw-la ode_n calumniatur_fw-la unam_fw-la vs._n terre_fw-fr de_fw-fr hoc_fw-la manerio_fw-la &_o dicit_fw-la se_fw-la eam_fw-la tenuisse_fw-la die_fw-la qua_fw-la rex_fw-la edw._n fuit_fw-la vivus_fw-la &_o mortuus_fw-la &_o disaisitus_fw-la fuit_fw-la postquam_fw-la rex_fw-la willmus_fw-la mare_fw-la transiitâ—_n &_o ipse_fw-la dirationavit_fw-la coram_fw-la regina_fw-la ind_n est_fw-la testis_fw-la ejus_fw-la hugo_n de_fw-fr port_n &_o homines_fw-la de_fw-la toto_fw-la hundredo_fw-la here_o by_o these_o you_o may_v gather_v several_a manner_n and_o several_a reason_n and_o ground_n of_o claim_n then_o &_o potuit_fw-la ire_n cum_fw-la terra_fw-la sva_fw-la quo_fw-la voluit_fw-la sed_fw-la testes_fw-la willielmi_n nolunt_fw-la accipere_fw-la legem_fw-la nisi_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la usque_fw-la dum_fw-la definiatur_fw-la per_fw-la regem_fw-la etc._n etc._n hugo_n de_fw-fr port_n have_v the_o manor_n of_o cerdiford_n from_o his_o ancestor_n william_n the_o chernet_n make_v claim_v in_o his_o behalf_n against_o picot_n who_o hold_v some_o part_n of_o it_o and_o make_v proof_n of_o it_o by_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o chief_a and_o best_a of_o the_o country_n and_o also_o of_o the_o most_o ancient_a of_o all_o that_o hundred_o picot_n defendant_n produce_v the_o testimony_n of_o the_o villager_n and_o man_n of_o no_o account_n and_o reeves_n or_o bailiff_n who_o offer_v their_o oath_n or_o the_o ordinary_a way_n of_o purgation_n which_o be_v their_o ordeale_n that_o he_o that_o hold_v that_o land_n be_v a_o free_a man_n et_fw-la potuit_fw-la cum_fw-la terra_fw-la sva_fw-la ire_n quo_fw-la voluit_fw-la that_o be_v as_o not_o dependent_a of_o that_o manor_n nor_o of_o the_o custom_n thereof_o may_v dispose_v of_o his_o land_n as_o to_o he_o seem_v best_o but_o the_o witness_n of_o de_fw-fr chernet_fw-ge will_v not_o accept_v of_o the_o trial_n by_o any_o law_n but_o that_o of_o king_n edward_n till_o such_o time_n as_o the_o king_n have_v judge_v it_o this_o you_o must_v understand_v be_v about_o the_o eighteen_o year_n of_o the_o king_n the_o english_a still_o insist_v upon_o the_o law_n of_o king_n edward_n which_o in_o case_n they_o have_v be_v repeal_v it_o have_v be_v a_o great_a vanity_n to_o have_v insist_v upon_o they_o observe_v further_o that_o picot_n entitle_v the_o king_n to_o it_o though_o the_o proof_n be_v the_o vili_fw-la plebe_fw-la of_o the_o scum_n of_o the_o people_n but_o that_o you_o may_v more_o plain_o see_v what_o be_v the_o occasion_n and_o ground_n of_o forfeiture_n of_o land_n in_o those_o day_n and_o what_o course_n be_v take_v for_o claim_n thereupon_o i_o will_v exhibit_v another_o out_o of_o the_o same_o domesday_n in_o the_o same_o county_n where_o under_o the_o title_n of_o terra_fw-la tainorum_fw-la regis_fw-la it_o be_v record_v that_o alwi_n filius_fw-la turber_n tenet_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la tederlec_fw-la tres_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la tenuerunt_fw-la in_o alodium_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la edwardo_n dicunt_fw-la homines_fw-la de_fw-la hundredo_fw-la quod_fw-la nunquam_fw-la viderunt_fw-la sigillum_fw-la vel_fw-la legatum_fw-la regis_fw-la qui_fw-la saississet_fw-la alwinum_fw-la antecessorem_fw-la ejus_fw-la qui_fw-la modo_fw-la tenet_fw-la de_fw-la isto_fw-la manerio_fw-la &_o nisi_fw-la rex_fw-la testificetur_fw-la nichil_fw-la habet_fw-la ibi_fw-la duo_fw-la ex_fw-la his_fw-la qui_fw-la tenuerunt_fw-la occisi_fw-la fuerant_fw-la in_o bello_fw-la de_fw-fr hastings_n the_o inquiry_n then_o make_v for_o to_o cause_v the_o forfeiture_n be_v this_o whether_o the_o land_n do_v belong_v to_o any_o one_o that_o be_v in_o the_o battle_n of_o hastings_n and_o there_o do_v take_v part_n with_o harold_n against_o king_n william_n which_o be_v the_o same_o that_o sherborn_n plead_v for_o himself_o against_o the_o king_n gift_n of_o his_o land_n to_o warren_n that_o he_o do_v never_o bear_v arm_n against_o the_o king_n but_o in_o berrocshire_n in_o the_o same_o record_n under_o the_o title_n of_o terra_n regis_n it_o be_v that_o pandeborne_fw-mi jacuit_fw-la in_o firma_fw-la t.r.e._n &_o post_fw-la tenuit_fw-la alwoldus_n camerarius_fw-la sed_fw-la hundr_n nescit_fw-la quomodo_fw-la habuit_fw-la frogerius_n postea_fw-la misit_fw-la in_o firma_fw-la regis_fw-la absque_fw-la placito_fw-la &_o lege_fw-la by_o which_o we_o may_v gather_v that_o notwithstanding_o the_o entitul_a the_o king_n to_o the_o land_n yet_o the_o candour_n and_o integrity_n of_o the_o surveyor_n at_o that_o time_n be_v such_o that_o they_o return_v it_o to_o be_v put_v under_o the_o king_n rent_n absque_fw-la placito_fw-la &_o lege_fw-la without_o either_o hear_n or_o law_n that_o be_v unjust_o for_o placita_fw-la &_o leges_fw-la at_o that_o time_n be_v as_o much_o observe_v to_o evince_v the_o right_n of_o possession_n as_o possible_o can_v be_v expect_v but_o to_o come_v to_o that_o common_a objection_n that_o our_o law_n be_v deliver_v to_o we_o in_o the_o french-tongue_n i_o shall_v not_o take_v much_o pain_n to_o confute_v it_o for_o that_o it_o be_v evident_a our_o ancient_a law_n i_o mean_v the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o land_n be_v neither_o write_v or_o print_v either_o in_o french_a english_a or_o latin_a or_o any_o other_o language_n that_o ever_o i_o can_v hear_v of_o but_o still_o remain_v like_o that_o which_o caesar_n report_v of_o the_o learning_n of_o the_o druid_n who_o be_v our_o ancient_a judge_n of_o the_o law_n not_o commit_v to_o parchment_n or_o paper_n and_o may_v for_o aught_o i_o can_v perceive_v have_v that_o manner_n and_o custom_n continue_v and_o retain_v from_o the_o age_n of_o the_o druid_n certain_a report_n upon_o case_n of_o law_n by_o several_a excellent_a lawyer_n in_o our_o law_n french_a be_v render_v to_o we_o but_o we_o may_v as_o well_o say_v the_o comment_n be_v the_o text_n as_o imagine_v those_o studious_a illustration_n to_o be_v the_o law_n and_o some_o there_o be_v that_o probable_o believe_v because_o our_o common-law_n be_v never_o reduce_v into_o a_o form_n or_o body_n so_o as_o to_o receive_v a_o rendition_n in_o that_o or_o any_o other_o language_n that_o the_o king_n in_o those_o first_o norman_n time_n may_v undestand_v they_o who_o in_o their_o person_n do_v public_o preside_v hear_v cause_n and_o give_v judgement_n that_o therefore_o those_o case_n and_o plead_n in_o french_a be_v preserve_v which_o case_n give_v only_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o law_n as_o to_o the_o diversity_n of_o concernment_n of_o the_o subject_a and_o upon_o this_o it_o be_v that_o mr._n campden_n give_v the_o reason_n that_o one_o of_o our_o court_n be_v call_v the_o kings-bench_n bancus_fw-la regius_n sic_fw-la dictus_fw-la say_v he_o quoth_v in_o eo_fw-la reges_fw-la ipsi_fw-la praesidere_fw-la soliti_fw-la etc._n etc._n judices_fw-la sunt_fw-la praeter_fw-la regem_fw-la ipsum_fw-la cum_fw-la interest_n voluerit_fw-la capitalis_fw-la angliae_fw-la justiciarius_n &_o alii_fw-la quatuor_fw-la and_o in_o likelihood_n the_o king_n in_o person_n sit_v there_o give_v the_o occasion_n in_o those_o time_n of_o the_o plead_n in_o french_a which_o otherwise_o can_v not_o have_v be_v understand_v by_o those_o first_o norman_n king_n that_o do_v not_o understand_v english_a they_o addict_v themselves_o in_o letter_n in_o discourse_n in_o message_n and_o in_o all_o thing_n to_o the_o french_a tongue_n i_o proceed_v now_o to_o the_o second_o particular_a which_o be_v look_v upon_o to_o 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this_o nation_n proceed_v not_o at_o all_o from_o any_o enforcement_n or_o coercion_n by_o reason_n of_o any_o of_o these_o forementioned_a intrusion_n or_o conquest_n but_o clear_o by_o the_o consent_n and_o desire_v of_o the_o proprietor_n and_o person_n therein_o concern_v for_o in_o the_o county_n of_o kent_n where_o mr._n s._n say_v this_o tenure_n do_v general_o overspread_v there_o i_o say_v in_o the_o time_n of_o hen._n 8._o several_a lordship_n be_v discharge_v of_o this_o tenure_n by_o act_n of_o parliament_n i_o have_v not_o all_o this_o while_n plead_v for_o the_o settlement_n or_o goodness_n of_o the_o tenure_n to_o be_v use_v in_o this_o age_n where_o land_n be_v well_o people_v and_o full_o inhabit_a for_o it_o will_v be_v the_o destruction_n both_o of_o land_n and_o lineage_n but_o my_o business_n have_v be_v to_o inquire_v into_o the_o state_n of_o the_o question_n the_o true_a original_a etymology_n and_o use_v thereof_o the_o people_n of_o england_n by_o degree_n 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to_o have_v be_v do_v according_a to_o the_o former_a division_n viz._n that_o which_o the_o emperor_n constantine_n have_v make_v so_o that_o the_o use_n or_o custom_n of_o partition_n in_o empire_n as_o well_o as_o in_o private_a man_n land_n be_v of_o great_a antiquity_n i_o proceed_v now_o to_o show_v that_o there_o be_v chap._n vi_o gavelkind_a in_o other_o place_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n beside_o kent_n in_o the_o principality_n of_o wales_n gavel_n use_v in_o denomination_n of_o place_n how_o use_v among_o the_o welsh_a of_o the_o word_n llan_n of_o the_o norman_n invasion_n of_o the_o territory_n of_o wales_n the_o use_n of_o gavell_n in_o the_o division_n of_o that_o territory_n and_o exposition_n thereof_o in_o the_o welsh_a vocabulary_a mr._n s._n be_v much_o give_v to_o think_v that_o this_o tenure_n of_o gavelkind_n be_v a_o singular_a appurtenance_n to_o the_o county_n of_o kent_n for_o in_o the_o first_o page_n of_o his_o book_n as_o the_o theme_n of_o his_o 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tract_n will_v help_v to_o clear_v the_o contrary_a as_o in_o particular_a where_o he_o testify_v pag._n 48._o that_o socage_n land_n in_o general_n and_o by_o the_o nature_n of_o it_o be_v capable_a of_o partition_n and_o by_o custom_n may_v be_v and_o in_o many_o place_n extra_fw-la cantium_n be_v partible_a now_o so_o it_o be_v that_o there_o be_v no_o county_n in_o england_n but_o have_v land_n hold_v in_o socage_n tenure_n and_o upon_o that_o reason_n be_v capable_a of_o partition_n but_o more_o especial_o in_o wales_n where_o the_o word_n be_v in_o use_n among_o they_o and_o more_o to_o a_o just_a and_o proper_a signification_n than_o in_o any_o other_o place_n or_o by_o any_o other_o language_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v anon_o but_o mr._n s._n from_o its_o very_a denomination_n under_o the_o notion_n of_o it_o i_o mean_v will_v persuade_v we_o to_o a_o belief_n of_o its_o singularity_n in_o kent_n which_o i_o can_v admit_v for_o notwithstanding_o he_o have_v not_o find_v any_o 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other_o conceit_n in_o
the_o name_n but_o what_o refer_v to_o the_o tenure_n of_o partition_n the_o britain_n enjoy_v that_o part_n of_o wales_n in_o the_o saxon_a government_n and_o have_v not_o any_o fix_a impression_n upon_o they_o by_o any_o before_o the_o norman_n who_o over_o this_o county_n at_o last_o stretch_v their_o victorious_a arm_n after_o many_o various_a success_n on_o both_o part_n and_o stout_a defence_n make_v by_o the_o welsh_a for_o their_o land_n and_o propriety_n enjoy_v it_o partly_o by_o force_n and_o partly_o by_o composition_n and_o agreement_n as_o the_o private_a family_n history_n do_v manifest_a which_o i_o have_v see_v for_o there_o be_v several_a â—_z of_o the_o great_a note_n in_o that_o country_n that_o be_v able_a to_o produce_v testimony_n of_o enjoy_v their_o land_n and_o birth_n in_o that_o circuit_n of_o land_n for_o shire_n and_o country_n be_v not_o of_o a_o welsh_a institution_n before_o the_o norman_a conquest_n so_o that_o by_o this_o it_o be_v probable_a they_o 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which_o i_o understand_v be_v in_o use_n over_o all_o france_n at_o this_o day_n and_o very_o frequent_o in_o normandy_n the_o island_n of_o jersey_n parcel_n of_o the_o norman_a dukedom_n retain_v still_o this_o custom_n to_o this_o day_n under_o the_o name_n of_o the_o roturier_n whilst_o her_o sister_n guernesey_n have_v no_o footstep_n of_o it_o but_o be_v as_o different_a in_o their_o tenor_n as_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o their_o soil_n for_o in_o one_o as_o i_o be_o inform_v like_o as_o in_o ireland_n no_o toad_n spider_n or_o venomous_a creature_n will_v live_v whilst_o in_o the_o other_o they_o have_v they_o in_o distasteful_a abundance_n but_o even_o now_o i_o touch_v upon_o the_o saxon_a division_n of_o shire_n and_o county_n and_o tell_v you_o it_o be_v not_o the_o british_a policy_n which_o put_v i_o in_o mind_n of_o that_o order_n that_o be_v observe_v by_o the_o welsh_a and_o rectify_v by_o howel-dda_a in_o the_o order_n of_o his_o principality_n with_o the_o careful_a intermixture_n of_o civil-descent_n and_o military_a disposition_n wherein_o we_o shall_v find_v something_o to_o our_o matter_n in_o hand_n worthy_a the_o notice_n the_o description_n as_o humfride_fw-la lloyd_n have_v write_v out_o of_o the_o law_n and_o ordinance_n of_o that_o prince_n be_v in_o short_a thus_o first_o a_o cantref_n which_o have_v its_o denomination_n from_o one_o hundred_o town_n and_o signify_v as_o much_o under_o which_o be_v so_o many_o commot_n which_o the_o welsh_a call_v cwmmwd_n and_o signify_v provincia_n regio_n cohabitancia_n and_o confisted_a of_o twelve_o manor_n or_o circuit_n and_o two_o township_n there_o be_v four_o township_n to_o every_o circuit_n or_o manor_n and_o every_o township_n comprehend_v four_o gavel_n every_o gavel_n have_v four_o rhandir_n and_o four_o tenement_n be_v constitute_v under_o every_o rhandir_n of_o gavel_n i_o have_v tell_v you_o before_o that_o it_o signify_v tenura_n a_o tenure_n rhandir_n be_v a_o word_n that_o admit_v not_o of_o any_o proper_a sign_n ficancy_n in_o our_o english_a speech_n but_o be_v by_o doctor_n davies_n render_v pars_fw-la aut_fw-la sors_z haereditaria_fw-la from_o the_o verb_n rhannu_fw-fr partiâ—i_fw-fr distribuere_fw-la these_o division_n be_v set_v out_o by_o he_o as_o it_o be_v into_o a_o proper_a and_o peaccable_a conveyance_n and_o conduit-pipe_n for_o the_o land_n of_o his_o principality_n which_o be_v liable_a to_o this_o partition_n so_o that_o we_o find_v in_o every_o township_n four_o gavel_n which_o be_v four_o great_a hold_n or_o tenor_n out_o of_o which_o i_o can_v find_v the_o prince_n have_v any_o rent_n for_o that_o the_o gentry_n hold_v their_o land_n very_o free_a from_o any_o base_a service_n only_o subject_v to_o their_o military_a policy_n and_o provision_n the_o prince_n his_o own_o maintenance_n that_o so_o he_o may_v be_v oblige_v to_o a_o respect_n and_o care_n of_o every_o particular_a in_o his_o principality_n be_v set_v out_o in_o every_o cwmmwd_n or_o commot_n which_o as_o i_o say_v before_o confisted_a of_o twelve_o manor_n or_o circuit_n and_o two_o township_n which_o two_o township_n be_v belong_v to_o the_o prince_n through_o out_o each_o commot_n in_o the_o principality_n of_o wales_n for_o in_o the_o person_n of_o this_o howel_n the_o territory_n of_o north-wales_n and_o south-wales_n be_v unite_v as_o himself_o in_o the_o authorens_n the_o m_o s._n penes_fw-la authorens_n prooemium_fw-la of_o his_o law_n do_v declare_v this_o gavel_n in_o the_o description_n aforesaid_a seem_v to_o be_v a_o large_a apportionment_n of_o land_n belong_v to_o a_o report_n a_o which_o by_o the_o irish_a be_v call_v canfimiy_n and_o be_v the_o chief_a of_o their_o gavel_n or_o rhin-taloon_a see_v davies_n his_o irish_a report_n pen-cennedl_a or_o chief_a of_o a_o family_n or_o clan_n and_o do_v per_fw-la eminentiam_fw-la signify_v the_o tenure_n that_o be_v to_o say_v their_o gavel_n this_o be_v only_o or_o at_o the_o least_o most_o notable_o know_v by_o they_o so_o that_o every_o pen-cennedl_a in_o his_o gavel_n have_v four_o rhandir_n that_o be_v sort_n or_o part_n hereditariae_fw-la ready_a divide_v and_o apportion_v for_o his_o cennedl_n or_o generation_n and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o also_o a_o sub-division_n of_o many_o tenement_n under_o the_o rhandir_n show_v perfect_o a_o gavel_n tenure_n or_o hold_v exact_o observe_v even_o in_o their_o general_a partition_n of_o land_n and_o this_o so_o ancient_a at_o least_o as_o the_o time_n when_o howel-dda_a collect_v these_o law_n which_o be_v about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 942._o so_o that_o the_o true_a genuine_a signification_n of_o all_o be_v tota_n part_v hereditariae_fw-la in_o tenura_n that_o be_v each_o gavel_n or_o tenure_n do_v consist_v of_o so_o many_o rhandir_n or_o hereditary_a division_n ready_a part_v each_o of_o these_o tenor_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v so_o order_v as_o to_o admit_v of_o a_o division_n and_o if_o need_n be_v of_o sub-division_n also_o that_o so_o a_o township_n may_v the_o more_o apt_o be_v constitute_v for_o the_o execution_n of_o this_o common_a tenure_n and_o these_o so_o hold_v in_o or_o rather_o by_o their_o gafael_n be_v not_o only_o the_o ancient_a villati_fw-la or_o villani_n among_o the_o britain_n but_o also_o the_o gentry_n lord_n and_o prince_n himself_o be_v subject_a to_o it_o the_o use_n of_o the_o word_n viz._n gavel_n to_o a_o proper_a signification_n i_o have_v show_v and_o that_o also_o extra_n cantium_n to_o which_o county_n mr._n s._n do_v labour_n to_o monopolise_v it_o and_o the_o use_n thereof_o for_o several_a hundred_o of_o year_n past_a even_o at_o such_o a_o time_n when_o the_o correspondency_n in_o probability_n betwixt_o the_o britain_n and_o saxon_n be_v so_o small_a and_o the_o odium_n so_o great_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o unforgotten_a intrusion_n of_o the_o last_o that_o in_o that_o continue_a state_n of_o war_n it_o be_v not_o probable_a they_o will_v have_v accept_v of_o any_o saxon_a custom_n by_o a_o name_n so_o insignificant_a to_o the_o thing_n as_o ancient_o the_o etymology_n of_o it_o be_v receive_v or_o so_o little_a to_o the_o matter_n as_o mr._n s_n novel_a exposition_n will_v render_v it_o or_o to_o the_o rational_a use_n thereof_o but_o i_o have_v already_o show_v in_o the_o foregoing_a discourse_n in_o what_o sense_n the_o britain_n have_v receive_v it_o and_o also_o what_o doctor_n davies_n in_o his_o cambro-british_a dictionary_n which_o in_o my_o judgement_n be_v a_o elaborate_v and_o critical_a piece_n have_v say_v and_o exemplify_v thereupon_o for_o he_o it_o be_v that_o not_o only_o affirm_v gafaelu_n by_o english_a letter_n pronounce_v gavay_o to_o signify_v tenere_fw-la to_o hold_v as_o before_o i_o have_v say_v but_o also_o gafael_n by_o english_a letter_n speak_v gavel_n the_o word_n in_o controversy_n to_o be_v tenura_n a_o hold_n but_o for_o the_o statutum_n walliae_n which_o mr._n s._n discourse_v
perquisitum_fw-la legare_fw-la cuicunque_fw-la voluerit_fw-la tenementum_fw-la etc._n etc._n tenementum_fw-la illud_fw-la leg_n atum_fw-la fuit_fw-la breed_fw-mi glodithe_n unde_fw-la dicunt_fw-la quod_fw-la breve_fw-la istud_fw-la non_fw-la currit_fw-la infra_fw-la hundred_o breed_fw-mi to_o this_o jurati_fw-la dicunt_fw-la super_fw-la sacram._n suum_fw-la quod_fw-la predicta_fw-la tenementa_fw-la sunt_fw-la legabilia_fw-la &_o quoth_v predict_v philippus_n tenementa_fw-la illa_fw-la legavit_fw-la predicte_n glodithe_n &_o quod_fw-la breve_fw-la istud_fw-la non_fw-la currit_fw-la infra_fw-la hundred_o predict_v ideo_fw-la glodithe_n concessum_fw-la est_fw-la inde_fw-la sine_fw-la die_fw-la they_o have_v a_o formal_a way_n of_o judgement_n of_o their_o own_o much_o after_o the_o british_a fashion_n the_o steward_n with_o his_o officer_n belong_v to_o the_o court_n be_v seat_v there_o be_v certain_a chief_n among_o they_o who_o house_n and_o land_n be_v hold_v of_o the_o lord_n by_o suit_n and_o doom_n in_o the_o court_n of_o that_o liberty_n and_o hereupon_o be_v call_v doomes-man_n that_o be_v to_o say_v man_n of_o judgement_n or_o such_o who_o judge_n of_o matter_n in_o controversy_n ibidem_fw-la rot._n quo_fw-la war._n ibidem_fw-la therefore_o in_o the_o quo_fw-la warranto_fw-la roll_n of_o irchenfield_n in_o the_o 20_o edward_n 1._o it_o be_v record_v that_o jurati_fw-la hund._n de_fw-fr irchenefeud_n webbetre_n &_o greytr_n dicunt_fw-la quod_fw-la botholin_n qui_fw-la tenuit_fw-la villam_fw-la de_fw-la comboglin_n solebat_fw-la facere_fw-la sectam_fw-la ad_fw-la hundr_n predict_v &_o esse_fw-la unus_fw-la domesman_n de_fw-la eodem_fw-la hundr_n etc._n etc._n and_o in_o other_o collection_n of_o antiquity_n that_o i_o have_v transcribe_v there_o be_v one_o record_n that_o be_v entitle_v de_fw-la libertate_fw-la de_fw-fr domesman_n but_o because_o my_o intention_n be_v to_o be_v more_o large_a upon_o this_o theme_n in_o a_o tract_n more_o proper_a i_o shall_v wave_v it_o at_o this_o present_a only_o among_o other_o duty_n reckon_v up_o in_o domesdey_n this_o be_v one_o that_o i_o have_v almost_o forget_v to_o carry_v the_o king_n message_n into_o wales_n and_o to_o pray_v for_o he_o in_o three_o church_n every_o week_n and_o in_o another_o record_n which_o be_v instar_fw-la omnium_fw-la and_o by_o it_o they_o as_o it_o be_v be_v leave_v to_o their_o own_o liberty_n and_o be_v say_v to_o be_v extra_fw-la comitatum_fw-la not_o bind_v up_o to_o any_o strictness_n by_o the_o country_n law_n which_o how_o far_o transcend_v the_o kentish_a privilege_n i_o leave_v to_o any_o to_o judge_v now_o if_o dower_n of_o the_o moiety_n and_o not_o to_o forfeit_v land_n for_o felony_n be_v the_o great_a privilege_n kent_n have_v by_o the_o tenure_n of_o gavelkind_n then_o be_v the_o privilege_n of_o other_o place_n where_o the_o use_n of_o gavelkind_n be_v not_o at_o this_o present_a far_o great_a as_o in_o some_o special_a privilege_a hundred_o and_o precinct_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o discourse_n of_o which_o it_o will_v be_v beside_o the_o matter_n in_o hand_n to_o engage_v i_o proceed_v to_o the_o discourse_n of_o chap._n ix_o several_a sort_n of_o gavel_n not_o relate_v to_o the_o tenure_n answer_v as_o urge_v by_o mr._n s._n how_o that_o gavel_n be_v understand_v by_o our_o late_a lawyer_n how_o in_o domesdey_n by_o compare_v place_n together_o and_o how_o among_o the_o saxon_n a_o discourse_n upon_o the_o writ_n call_v gavelet_n mr._n s._n in_o his_o ten_o page_n write_v that_o the_o word_n gavel_n as_o to_o the_o main_a part_n of_o it_o frequent_o occurr_n in_o the_o old_a record_n of_o some_o manor_n out_o of_o kent_n sometime_o simple_o but_o for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o composition_n for_o example_n in_o gavel-erth_a gavelate_v gavellond_n etc._n etc._n i_o make_v not_o a_o citation_n of_o these_o word_n as_o if_o i_o intend_v to_o put_v a_o force_n upon_o they_o as_o some_o at_o the_o first_o read_v may_v imagine_v because_o mr._n s._n averr_v that_o the_o word_n gavel_n do_v occur_v in_o some_o old_a record_n of_o manor_n out_o of_o kent_n which_o i_o take_v not_o as_o there_o mention_v in_o composition_n to_o have_v any_o relation_n to_o the_o tenure_n of_o partition_n for_o that_o which_o be_v apply_v in_o those_o composition_n for_o several_a use_n as_o in_o for-gavel_a mete-gavel_a gavel-rip_a swine-gavel_a werk-gavel_a hunig-gavel_a etc._n etc._n be_v little_a to_o our_o purpose_n several_a such_o i_o have_v meet_v withal_o and_o divers_a different_a from_o what_o mr._n s._n have_v reckon_v i_o have_v encounter_v with_o a_o pride-gavel_a which_o in_o the_o lordship_n of_o rede_o in_o the_o county_n of_o gloucester_n be_v use_v and_o pay_v unto_o this_o day_n as_o a_o rent_n to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o manor_n by_o certain_a tenant_n in_o duty_n and_o acknowledgement_n to_o he_o for_o their_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n of_o fish_v in_o the_o river_n severn_n for_o lampraye_n and_o in_o the_o same_o lordship_n be_v also_o another_o call_v sand-gavel_a which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o payment_n due_a to_o the_o lord_n for_o liberty_n grant_v to_o the_o tenant_n to_o digg_n up_o sand_n for_o their_o use_n many_o such_o the_o reader_n may_v be_v furnish_v withal_o do_v i_o conceive_v they_o will_v redound_v in_o any_o measure_n to_o our_o discourse_n for_o my_o judgement_n be_v that_o this_o gavel_n in_o these_o composition_n and_o gavel_n in_o the_o tenure_n be_v very_o different_a in_o their_o acceptation_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v anon_o but_o to_o examine_v mr._n s_n collection_n and_o observation_n concern_v these_o compound_a gavel_n where_o in_o his_o paragraph_n of_o oate-gavel_a in_o pag._n 21._o he_o declare_v this_o be_v a_o certain_a proportion_n of_o rent-oate_n serve_v into_o the_o lord_n sometime_o in_o kind_a and_o other_o while_n by_o composition_n redeem_v with_o money_n and_o out_o of_o south-malling_n custumal_a urge_v this_o quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la operarii_fw-la debent_fw-la reddere_fw-la annuatim_fw-la quod_fw-la dicitur_fw-la gavel-otte_a in_o xl_o m2_o i._n e._n in_o quadragesima_fw-la and_o in_o another_o account_n roll_n of_o the_o same_o manor_n it_o be_v say_v concern_v a_o certain_a tenant_n that_o respondet_fw-la de_fw-la octo_fw-la quarteriis_fw-la etc._n etc._n receptis_fw-la de_fw-la gabulo_n custumariorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o again_o de_fw-fr avena_n de_fw-mi gablo_fw-mi vendita_fw-la iiis._n and_o xs._n vid._n de_fw-fr quinque_fw-la quarteriis_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o gavel-ote_a de_fw-fr redditu_fw-la venditis_fw-la this_o charge_n of_o ten_o shilling_n six_o penny_n upon_o five_o quarter_n etc._n etc._n sell_v the_o gavel-ote_a de_fw-fr redditu_fw-la i_o guess_v it_o to_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o imposition_n a_o excise_n or_o a_o assess_v which_o be_v the_o proper_a signification_n of_o the_o word_n gablum_fw-la or_o gabulum_fw-la and_o so_o to_o be_v understand_v as_o the_o excise_n or_o assess_v upon_o the_o corn_n sell_v by_o the_o tenant_n when_o for_o rent_n they_o shall_v have_v pay_v oat_n in_o kind_n which_o receive_v a_o little_a explanation_n by_o the_o precedent_a account_n where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o respondet_fw-la de_fw-la octo_fw-la quarteriis_fw-la etc._n etc._n receptis_fw-la de_fw-la gabulo_n custumariorum_fw-la and_o again_o iiis._n de_fw-fr gablo_fw-mi de_fw-fr avena_n vendita_fw-la the_o excise_n or_o assess_v upon_o the_o customary_a tenant_n for_o viij_o quarter_n sell_v and_o the_o iiis._n to_o be_v understand_v in_o the_o like_a manner_n that_o be_v a_o imposition_n or_o excise_n for_o oat_n sell_v certain_o gablum_fw-la or_o gabulum_fw-la be_v not_o a_o word_n so_o much_o out_o of_o use_n that_o we_o have_v need_v to_o grope_v or_o be_v force_v to_o search_v after_o it_o as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o dark_a for_o even_o in_o these_o our_o day_n with_o ease_n we_o may_v produce_v the_o use_n of_o it_o bear_v the_o same_o signification_n as_o i_o have_v now_o give_v to_o it_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n and_o sense_n do_v i_o find_v it_o use_v in_o that_o prodigious_a insurrection_n at_o naples_n within_o these_o few_o year_n under_o massaniello_n a_o fisherman_n where_o the_o story_n translate_v in_o this_o point_n i_o may_v say_v literatim_fw-la give_v the_o ground_n of_o it_o to_o be_v a_o certain_a payment_n or_o excise_n upon_o fish_n which_o the_o italian_n call_v gabelli_n and_o we_o have_v transmit_v unto_o we_o in_o the_o translation_n gabell_n know_v in_o spain_n by_o the_o term_n 78._o term_n martinus_n zeillerus_n in_o his_o â—inerarium_fw-la hispaniae_fw-la out_o of_o mariana_n lib._n 16._o cap._n 9_o and_o lib._n 17_o cap._n 8._o et_fw-la hugo_n linschoten_n say_v anno_fw-la 1341._o introductum_fw-la est_fw-la vectigal_a hâ—sâ—ans_n i._n e._n alcavala_n &_o italis_n gabella_n dictum_fw-la quod_fw-la aliquoties_fw-la postea_fw-la auctum_fw-la suis_fw-la ejus_fw-la vi_fw-la coguntur_fw-la subditi_fw-la decimas_fw-la pendere_fw-la quotiescuâ—que_fw-la merces_fw-la bona_fw-la praedia_fw-la aedes_fw-la &_o agei_n venâ—untur_fw-la eidem_n obnorii_fw-la sunt_fw-la cujuscunque_fw-la generis_fw-la opâ—â—ices_fw-la ut_fw-la sutores_fw-la sartores_fw-la lanii_fw-la &_o quicuaqâ—e_fw-la
officinas_fw-la aâ—â—â—as_fw-la habent_fw-la vinum_fw-la quoque_fw-la sive_fw-la uvae_fw-la colligaâ—tur_fw-la sive_fw-la ipsum_fw-la in_o râ—gâ—o_n divendatur_fw-la sive_fw-la in_o exteras_fw-la regiones_fw-la navibus_fw-la deseratur_fw-la etc._n etc._n pag._n 78._o alcabala_n or_o alcavala_n which_o as_o minshew_n do_v expound_v it_o be_v datio_fw-la redditus_fw-la census_n tributum_fw-la vectigal_n portorium_n and_o in_o english_a be_v render_v a_o impost_n custom_n tax_n toll_n or_o tribute_n and_o from_o our_o use_n of_o it_o be_v call_v gabell_n gabella_n gablum_fw-la he_o add_v that_o it_o come_v of_o the_o french_a word_n gabelle_n that_o be_v vecligal_n and_o have_v the_o same_o signification_n among_o our_o old_a writer_n as_o gabelle_n have_v in_o the_o french_a and_o then_o conclude_v gabella_n as_o cassan_n define_v it_o the_o consuet_n burg._n f._n 119._o est_fw-fr vectigal_a quod_fw-la solvitur_fw-la pro_fw-la bonis_fw-la mobilibus_fw-la id_fw-la est_fw-la pro_fw-la iis_fw-la quae_fw-la vehunâ—ur_fw-la distinguish_v it_o from_o tributum_fw-la for_o this_o reason_n quia_fw-la tributum_fw-la est_fw-la propriè_fw-la quod_fw-la fisco_fw-la vel_fw-la principi_fw-la solvatur_fw-la pro_fw-la rebus_fw-la immobilibus_fw-la and_o be_v the_o fame_n which_o mr._n s._n pag._n 23._o upon_o swine-gavel_a do_v cite_v et_fw-fr de_fw-fr viis._n xd._n de_fw-fr tribus_fw-la porcis_fw-la de_fw-fr gablo_fw-mi venditis_fw-la in_o which_o place_n this_o de_fw-mi gablo_fw-mi signify_v for_o gable_n or_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o that_o imposition_n and_o certain_o may_v without_o any_o force_n upon_o the_o word_n be_v render_v at_o large_a as_o mr._n s._n have_v do_v it_o a_o rent_n for_o rent_n in_o latin_a be_v redditus_fw-la which_o be_v a_o payment_n make_v or_o give_v for_o any_o thing_n whatever_o and_o sir_n edward_n coke_n upon_o littleton_n write_v of_o rent_n say_v 213._o l._n 2._o c._n 12._o s_o 213._o that_o bysome_a redditus_fw-la dicitur_fw-la à _fw-la redeundo_fw-la quia_fw-la retro_fw-la it_o &_o quotannis_fw-la reddit_fw-la etc._n etc._n for_o reddendo_fw-la inde_fw-la or_o reservando_fw-la inde_fw-la or_o the_o like_a be_v as_o much_o to_o say_v as_o that_o the_o tenant_n or_o lessee_n shall_v pay_v so_o much_o out_o of_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o land_n for_o reddere_fw-la nihil_fw-la aliud_fw-la est_fw-la quam_fw-la acceptum_fw-la aut_fw-la aliquam_fw-la partem_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la restituere_fw-la seu_fw-la reddere_fw-la est_fw-la quasi_fw-la retro_fw-la dare_v and_o hereof_o come_v redditus_fw-la for_o a_o rent_n and_o add_v this_o to_o it_o here_o note_v say_v he_o for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o ancient_a record_n statute_n charter_n etc._n etc._n that_o gabell_n or_o gavel_n gablum_fw-la gabellum_fw-la gabellettum_n galbellettum_n and_o gavillettum_n do_v signify_v a_o rent_n custom_n duty_n or_o service_n yield_v or_o do_v to_o the_o king_n or_o any_o other_o lord_n and_o then_o cite_v domesdey_n book_n which_o he_o have_v thus_o wallingford_n continet_fw-la cclxxvi_o hagas_n i_o e._n domos_fw-la reddentes_fw-la ix_o liberas_fw-la de_fw-la gablo_fw-mi i._n e._n de_fw-la redditu_fw-la the_o which_o i_o myself_o transcribe_v out_o of_o the_o original_a book_n find_v it_o to_o be_v thus_o in_o burgo_n de_fw-fr wallingeford_n habuit_fw-la rex_fw-la edw._n viii_o virgat_fw-la terre_fw-fr &_o in_o his_o erant_fw-la 276._o hage_n reddentes_fw-la xi_o lib._n de_fw-fr gablo_fw-mi so_o that_o liberas_fw-la shall_v be_v correct_v and_o read_v libras_fw-la the_o other_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o two_o citation_n be_v only_a sir_n edward_n coke_n his_o comment_n or_o construction_n of_o it_o berrochescire_fw-la xi_o lib._n de_fw-fr gablo_fw-mi &_o qui_fw-la ibi_fw-la manebant_fw-la faciebant_fw-la servitium_fw-la regis_fw-la cum_fw-la equis_fw-la vel_fw-la per_fw-la aquam_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la blidberiam_fw-la reddinge_n sudtone_n besentone_n &_o hoc_fw-la facientibus_fw-la dabat_fw-la prepositus_fw-la conredium_fw-la mercedem_fw-la non_fw-fr de_fw-fr censu_fw-la regis_fw-la sed_fw-la de_fw-la svo_fw-la exit_fw-la domesd_v in_o berrochescire_fw-la but_o this_o it_o seem_v he_o take_v for_o grant_v that_o gablum_fw-la have_v no_o other_o signification_n than_o rent_n for_o by_o the_o same_o record_n to_o be_v sure_a that_o that_o rent_n of_o xil._n not_o ixl._n shall_v come_v into_o the_o king_n coffer_n there_o be_v a_o paragraph_n that_o provide_v for_o it_o where_o it_o be_v write_v what_o and_o how_o the_o soldier_n that_o the_o burrow_n shall_v find_v upon_o all_o occasion_n for_o the_o king_n shall_v be_v provide_v for_o and_o be_v thus_o order_v conredium_fw-la mercedem_fw-la non_fw-fr de_fw-fr censu_fw-la regis_fw-la sed_fw-la de_fw-la svo_fw-la all_o the_o cen_n or_o rent_n that_o the_o king_n have_v that_o i_o can_v find_v be_v that_o gablum_fw-la of_o eleven_o pound_n and_o this_o gablum_fw-la be_v not_o always_o pay_v in_o money_n for_o in_o sudsexe_n under_o the_o title_n of_o the_o land_n of_o william_n de_fw-fr warene_n in_o the_o same_o record_n be_v this_o that_o radulfus_n tenet_fw-la de_fw-fr willielmo_n that_o be_v of_o william_n of_o warren_n bristelmestune_n brictric_n tenuit_fw-la de_fw-la dono_fw-la godwini_fw-la comitis_fw-la t._n r._n e._n in_o dominio_fw-la etc._n etc._n de_fw-fr gablo_fw-mi iu._n milia_fw-la alletium_n and_o under_o the_o same_o title_n it_o be_v there_o remember_v pluntune_v hugo_n filius_fw-la ranulsi_n tenet_fw-la de_fw-fr willielmo_n etc._n etc._n ibi_fw-la etc._n etc._n silua_fw-la de_fw-la xx._n porc_n de_fw-fr gablo_fw-mi xvii_o porc_n but_o that_o gablum_fw-la do_v as_o well_o relate_v to_o money_n as_o to_o other_o thing_n in_o kind_n either_o herring_n or_o swine_n be_v very_o plain_a by_o that_o record_n in_o domesdey_n book_n in_o windesore_n in_o berkshire_n where_o it_o be_v say_v rex_fw-la willielmus_fw-la tenet_fw-la windesore_n in_o dominio_fw-la rex_fw-la edw._n tenuit_fw-la ibi_fw-la xx_o hide_v etc._n etc._n &_o adhuc_fw-la sunt_fw-la in_o villa_n c._n hage_n v._o minus_fw-la ex_fw-la his_fw-la sunt_fw-la xxvi_o quiet_a de_fw-fr gablo_fw-mi &_o de_fw-fr aliis_fw-la exeunt_fw-la xxx_o solid_a and_o last_o out_o of_o the_o same_o book_n i_o still_o write_v in_o sommersetshire_n it_o be_v thus_o express_v under_o the_o title_n of_o terra_fw-la regis_fw-la which_o i_o desire_v the_o reader_n to_o observe_v rex_fw-la tenet_fw-la cedre_n i_o suppose_v it_o be_v that_o chedder_n so_o famous_a for_o its_o cheese_n rex_fw-la edw._n tenuit_fw-la nunquam_fw-la geldavit_fw-la nec_fw-la scitur_fw-la quot_fw-la hide_v sunt_fw-la ibi_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o dominio_fw-la etc._n etc._n xx._n bord._n cum_fw-la xvii_o car_fw-fr &_o vii_o gablatores_fw-la red_a xvii_o s._n these_o seven_o gablatores_fw-la do_v pay_v for_o rent_n 17_o shilling_n and_o from_o their_o pay_v of_o rent_n be_v term_v gablatores_fw-la to_o i_o it_o seem_v probable_a that_o this_o gablum_fw-la be_v to_o be_v distinguish_v from_o a_o rent_n or_o payment_n make_v upon_o contract_n or_o bargain_n and_o have_v relation_n to_o such_o a_o one_o as_o be_v impose_v by_o the_o power_n and_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o these_o different_a sort_n of_o payment_n be_v pass_v in_o domesdey_n book_n under_o several_a expression_n according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o they_o where_o sometime_o it_o be_v write_v that_o one_o reddit_fw-la to_o such_o a_o one_o so_o much_o without_o any_o other_o addition_n and_o this_o i_o believe_v be_v rend_v upon_o agreement_n and_o contract_n another_o reddit_fw-la de_fw-la consuetudine_fw-la so_o much_o and_o a_o three_o red_z it_z de_fw-fr gablo_fw-mi so_o much_o and_o if_o the_o oate-gavel_a and_o the_o werke-gavel_a be_v take_v into_o this_o observation_n with_o all_o the_o rest_n by_o mr._n s._n mention_v they_o will_v prove_v to_o be_v of_o the_o offspring_n of_o gablum_fw-la and_o shall_v have_v rather_o be_v write_v with_o a_o b._n than_o a_o five_o consonant_a which_o transmigration_n be_v so_o familiar_a in_o our_o european_a language_n that_o nothing_o more_o frequent_o occurr_n and_o not_o only_o among_o these_o but_o also_o in_o most_o of_o the_o oriental_a language_n where_o the_o beth_n or_o b_o masculine_a do_v pass_v after_o the_o same_o effeminate_a manner_n into_o v._o especial_o where_o in_o the_o hebrew_n and_o chaldaic_a there_o be_v to_o be_v find_v the_o difference_n by_o the_o interposition_n of_o the_o dagesch_n or_o prick_n in_o the_o letter_n without_o which_o it_o be_v sound_v as_o a_o aspirate_n and_o so_o likewise_o be_v the_o f._n familiar_o turn_v again_o into_o five_o consonant_a as_o it_o fall_v out_o in_o most_o language_n especial_o in_o the_o british_a but_o to_o return_v to_o this_o word_n gavel_n which_o if_o it_o shall_v receive_v a_o common_a acceptation_n and_o that_o according_a to_o what_o mr._n s._n have_v render_v it_o which_o he_o labour_v to_o make_v out_o to_o be_v the_o chief_a acme_n of_o his_o design_n and_o all_o be_v to_o have_v it_o signify_v a_o rent_n or_o imposition_n in_o which_o we_o be_v agree_v but_o then_o in_o this_o we_o differ_v and_o dissent_v that_o there_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v allow_v to_o it_o any_o relation_n to_o the_o tenure_n of_o partition_n which_o be_v my_o opinion_n and_o which_o mr._n s._n will_v hardly_o
admit_v but_o to_o run_v over_o some_o more_o of_o his_o gable_n that_o which_o he_o discourse_v of_o in_o his_o 30_o page_n be_v a_o for-gavel_a which_o be_v right_o render_v foris_fw-la gabulum_fw-la and_o be_v define_v to_o be_v quasi_fw-la extra_fw-la vel_fw-la praeter_fw-la gabulum_fw-la quod_fw-la domino_fw-la capitali_fw-la debetur_fw-la and_o this_o correspond_v with_o what_o before_o i_o have_v say_v that_o it_o be_v a_o rent_n or_o a_o duty_n beside_o over_o and_o above_o or_o beyond_o the_o original_a contract_n or_o bargain_n the_o like_a be_v in_o mete-gavel_a which_o be_v cibi_fw-la gablum_fw-la a_o rent_n of_o meat_n or_o food_n swine-gavel_a which_o be_v porcorum_fw-la gablum_fw-la a_o rent_n of_o swine_n werke-gavel_a and_o werke-gabulum_a which_o be_v operis_fw-la gablum_fw-la hunig-gavel_a which_o be_v gabulum_fw-la mellis_fw-la domâ—sdey_n mellis_fw-la for_o before_o that_o sagar_n be_v from_o the_o indies_n bring_v among_o we_o the_o use_n of_o honey_n be_v frequent_a instead_o thereof_o so_o that_o i_o have_v observe_v in_o some_o very_a ancient_a rental_n as_o great_a a_o proportion_n of_o honey_n as_o there_o will_v be_v require_v of_o sugar_n to_o seâ—ve_v such_o a_o family_n and_o much_o reserve_v to_o the_o king_n in_o most_o county_n as_o appear_v by_o domâ—sdey_n rent_n honey_n of_o which_o sort_n in_o domesdey_n you_o may_v find_v much_o and_o in_o the_o 60._o law_n of_o king_n ina_n we_o find_v a_o bere-gafol_a which_o be_v a_o rent_n of_o beer_n or_o rather_o barley_n as_o mr._n lambard_n expound_v it_o for_o in_o some_o country_n of_o england_n and_o in_o scotland_n they_o to_o this_o day_n call_v barley_n beer_n there_o be_v also_o in_o the_o 66._o of_o king_n ina_n law_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d speak_v of_o a_o yard_n of_o land_n which_o mr._n lambard_n render_v to_o signify_v mercede_fw-la conductam_fw-la that_o be_v hire_v for_o rent_n or_o wages_n so_o be_v it_o in_o the_o covenant_n betwixt_o king_n alured_n and_o guthrun_n the_o dane_n in_o the_o second_o article_n where_o it_o be_v say_v but_o tan_o ðaem_v câ—oâ—le_a de_fw-fr on_o gafollande_n rit_n which_o mr._n lambard_n render_v thus_o siquidem_fw-la be_v rusticus_n censum_fw-la annuum_fw-la impendens_fw-la non_fw-la fuerit_fw-la which_o i_o think_v in_o english_a be_v provide_v that_o that_o countryman_n do_v not_o sit_v on_o rent_a land_n for_o but_o in_o the_o old_a english_a as_o well_o as_o to_o this_o day_n in_o the_o present_a scotch_a signify_v without_o or_o want_v etc._n etc._n there_o i_o find_v gafollande_n be_v turn_v into_o census_n which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o i_o have_v need_n to_o make_v use_n of_o or_o take_v notice_n of_o in_o the_o law_n of_o king_n aethelstan_n it_o be_v thus_o Æ¿ealisc_a monne_n etc._n etc._n ê§_n he_o ðam_v ce_a gafol-gyldan_a maeg_fw-la which_o be_v thus_o translate_v wallus_n si_fw-la in_o eas_fw-la opes_fw-la creverit_fw-la etc._n etc._n ut_fw-la annuum_fw-la regi_fw-la censum_fw-la pendat_fw-la which_o be_v if_o a_o welshman_n increase_v so_o in_o riches_n etc._n etc._n that_o he_o can_v or_o may_v yield_v a_o yearly_a rent_n to_o the_o king_n such_o a_o one_o perhaps_o as_o we_o call_v a_o subsidy_n man_n or_o a_o man_n in_o the_o king_n book_n so_o in_o the_o six_o of_o king_n ina_n law_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o be_v if_o any_o one_o fight_v in_o the_o house_n of_o one_o that_o pay_v rend_v and_o in_o the_o 22._o of_o the_o same_o king_n that_o so_o often_o recite_v law_n Æ¿ealh_n gafolgylda_fw-la hund_n tÆ¿_n lftig_fw-mi â—cill_n which_o be_v turn_v into_o latin_a thus_o 33._o mr._n s._n pag._n 33._o wallus_fw-la censum_fw-la pendens_fw-la annuum_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o the_o same_o sense_n be_v the_o word_n gavel-man_n cite_v by_o payment_n by_o many_o there_o be_v that_o with_o mr._n selden_n account_v gafol_n to_o signify_v several_a thing_n as_o tributum_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o not_o in_o the_o least_o with_o reference_n to_o the_o tenure_n he_o cite_v the_o aâ—â—ales_n anglosaxoas_n in_o bibliotheca_fw-la cottoniana_n anno_fw-la 1012._o ða_o ê§_n gafol_fw-mi gelaest_n sae_z &_o frið_n aþa_v asporene_a Æ¿aeson_fw-mi þa_fw-mi to_o ferde_v se_fw-mi here_o Æ¿ide_n sÆ¿a_o he_o aer_fw-la gegaderode_o Æ¿a_v ða_o bugon_n to_o þam_fw-la ce_v of_o þam_n here_o fif_fw-mi &_o feoÆ¿ertig_fw-ge scypa_fw-mi &_o he_o beheton_n ê§_n he_o Æ¿oldon_n þysne_v ear_a healoan_n &_o he_o he_o fedan_n sceolde_a &_o scÆ¿ydon_n id_fw-la est_fw-la tributo_fw-la soluto_fw-la &_o amicitiae_fw-la juramentis_fw-la praestitis_fw-la excrcitus_fw-la ut_fw-la ante_fw-la erat_fw-la congregatus_fw-la late_a dispergitur_fw-la maneb_fw-mi vit_fw-mi vero_fw-la cum_fw-la rege_fw-la ex_fw-la ipso_fw-la exercitu_fw-la quadraginta_fw-la quinque_fw-la nave_n ipsique_fw-la side_n datâ_fw-la promiserunt_fw-la se_fw-la terram_fw-la hanc_fw-la dâ—fensuros_fw-la modo_fw-la eos_fw-la aleret_fw-la &_o vestiret_fw-la rex_fw-la danorum_fw-la rex_fw-la tunc_fw-la swanus_fw-la crat_fw-mi quorum_fw-la ita_fw-la pepigit_fw-la ethelredus_fw-la utrumque_fw-la autem_fw-la praestationis_fw-la quam_fw-la diximus_fw-la genus_fw-la danegeld_n danegeldum_fw-la seu_fw-la danageldum_fw-la id_fw-la est_fw-la tributum_fw-la danicum_fw-la dicebatur_fw-la seld._n mar._n clau_n l._n 2._o c._n 11._o here_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o geld_v be_v most_o proper_o tribute_n though_o in_o the_o former_a part_n of_o this_o saxon_a citation_n mr._n selden_n render_v gafol_n by_o tributum_fw-la and_o proper_o it_o do_v signify_v a_o payment_n mr._n s._n which_o have_v no_o more_o in_o signification_n than_o one_o that_o pay_v a_o rent_n and_o relate_v not_o at_o all_o to_o the_o tenure_n and_o i_o believe_v if_o serious_o look_v into_o that_o many_o of_o these_o compound_n who_o have_v this_o similitude_n of_o sound_n do_v not_o hold_v under_o or_o by_o the_o tenure_n of_o partition_n which_o if_o so_o here_o be_v nomen_fw-la sine_fw-la re_fw-la and_o this_o last_o may_v be_v a_o term_n as_o significant_a for_o any_o one_o that_o pay_v a_o rent_n in_o cumberland_n as_o in_o kent_n in_o this_o recite_v page_n it_o be_v that_o mr._n s._n have_v right_o fix_v his_o gavel_n for_o say_v he_o one_o thing_n more_o i_o have_v to_o note_v before_o i_o leave_v gable_n gavel_n etc._n etc._n that_o with_o mala_n it_o signify_v rent_n service_n or_o custom_n and_o in_o his_o 35_o page_n he_o add_v by_o this_o time_n the_o reader_n be_v satisfy_v i_o hope_v say_v he_o touch_v the_o true_a construction_n of_o gavel_n gafol_n gable_n or_o how_o ever_o else_o he_o shall_v chance_v to_o find_v it_o write_v in_o each_o import_a cens_n i._n e._n a_o rent_n either_o in_o money_n provision_n or_o work_n to_o conclude_v i_o be_o of_o the_o same_o opinion_n with_o mr._n s._n that_o these_o intermixture_n and_o compound_n do_v all_o hold_v a_o reference_n to_o gafol_n gablum_fw-la or_o gabulum_fw-la that_o all_o of_o they_o have_v one_o and_o the_o same_o exposition_n yet_o that_o none_o of_o they_o have_v any_o relation_n to_o the_o tenure_n of_o partition_n or_o to_o any_o other_o tenure_n beside_o the_o rent_v or_o pay_v of_o a_o rent_n for_o land_n etc._n etc._n there_o be_v only_o one_o thing_n more_o left_a to_o be_v consider_v which_o may_v seem_v to_o have_v in_o it_o some_o strength_n and_o that_o be_v in_o the_o 31._o page_n of_o mr._n s._n where_o he_o cite_v this_o &_o postea_fw-la per_fw-la quandam_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la quae_fw-la voco_fw-la gavelate_fw-la usitatam_fw-la in_o comitatu_fw-la isto_fw-la viz._n kanc_n de_fw-la terris_fw-la &_o tenementis_fw-la de_fw-la gavelkind_n pro_fw-la redditibus_fw-la &_o servitiis_fw-la quae_fw-la à _fw-la retro_fw-la fuerint_fw-la de_fw-la eisdem_fw-la per_fw-la plures_fw-la annos_fw-la devenerunt_fw-la eaedem_fw-la terrae_fw-la in_o manus_fw-la cujusdam_fw-la abbatis_fw-la etc._n etc._n now_o this_o consuetudo_fw-la de_fw-fr gavelate_v use_v in_o the_o land_n and_o tenement_n hold_v in_o gavelkind_n seem_v the_o one_o to_o have_v relation_n to_o the_o other_o for_o mr._n s._n in_o the_o begin_n of_o that_o paragraph_n tell_v we_o that_o this_o gavelate_n be_v not_o a_o reut_n or_o a_o service_n but_o betoken_v a_o rent_n or_o a_o service_n withhold_v deny_v or_o detain_v cause_v the_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o tenement_n to_o the_o lord_n and_o whereas_o that_o record_n say_v it_o be_v use_v in_o that_o county_n upon_o land_n and_o tenement_n hold_v in_o gavelkind_n sir_n edward_n coke_n as_o mr._n s._n himself_o cite_v he_o say_v gaveletum_n be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v as_o to_o cease_v or_o let_v to_o pay_v the_o rent_n breve_fw-la de_fw-fr gavelleto_fw-it in_o london_n est_fw-la breve_fw-la de_fw-fr cessavit_fw-la in_o biennium_fw-la etc._n etc._n pro_fw-la redditu_fw-la ibidem_fw-la quia_fw-la tenementa_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la indistringibilia_fw-la so_o that_o this_o brief_a lay_n in_o london_n as_o well_o as_o kent_n and_o minshew_n in_o his_o dictionary_n upon_o the_o word_n gavelet_n exemplify_v it_o by_o a_o case_n that_o if_o any_o tenant_n in_o gavelkind_n withhold_v his_o rent_n and_o his_o service_n of_o the_o tenement_n which_o he_o hold_v of_o
even_o as_o well_o if_o it_o be_v former_o gavelkind-land_n by_o their_o grant_n receive_v a_o extinction_n of_o its_o tenure_n for_o that_o in_o such_o case_n where_o it_o be_v i_o say_v so_o vest_v it_o be_v whole_o depend_v upon_o the_o force_n of_o the_o contract_n betwixt_o the_o person_n concern_v and_o again_o this_o same_o specifical_a land_n may_v so_o fall_v out_o as_o to_o be_v make_v the_o very_a site_n of_o the_o house_n and_o the_o garden_n of_o this_o religious_a society_n or_o body_n and_o how_o in_o such_o a_o case_n it_o will_v be_v capable_a of_o partition_n except_o as_o i_o before_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o member_n their_o participation_n of_o a_o equal_a benefit_n i_o know_v not_o the_o progress_n exhibit_v chap._n xi_o some_o offer_n at_o the_o termination_n kind_a affix_v in_o composition_n to_o the_o word_n gavel_n mr._n s._n in_o his_o 37_o page_n say_v that_o gavelkynd_n be_v a_o word_n compound_v of_o gavel_n and_o kind_a the_o latter_a syllable_n whereof_o come_v and_o be_v contract_v of_o the_o saxon_a word_n gecind_n which_o by_o several_a good_a author_n be_v render_v nature_n mr._n s._n in_o his_o 10_o page_n say_v that_o gavel_n be_v the_o main_a part_n of_o the_o word_n which_o if_o so_o than_o i_o hope_v i_o have_v dispatch_v the_o main_a part_n of_o my_o work_n and_o can_v willing_o join_v with_o mr._n s._n in_o his_o exposition_n of_o the_o latter_a part_n for_o in_o what_o i_o shall_v declare_v myself_o in_o this_o chapter_n shall_v be_v only_a scepticism_n but_o i_o be_o confident_a of_o my_o opinion_n in_o the_o first_o and_o main_a part_n and_o here_o i_o must_v take_v notice_n of_o and_o give_v to_o mr._n s._n his_o due_a honour_n for_o his_o ingenuous_a ratiocination_n upon_o the_o common_a receive_v interpretation_n of_o mr._n lambard_n and_o all_o those_o that_o follow_v he_o concern_v the_o latter_a part_n of_o it_o which_o he_o will_v have_v to_o signify_v kindred_n and_o that_o the_o whole_a word_n together_o be_v of_o a_o saxon_a original_a and_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v give_v to_o all_o the_o kindred_n which_o flat_o oppose_v the_o very_a nature_n of_o the_o tenure_n because_o where_o such_o land_n be_v that_o be_v subject_a to_o this_o partible_a quality_n the_o kindred_n do_v not_o share_v nor_o be_v they_o partible_a at_o all_o among_o they_o but_o in_o the_o common_a case_n of_o the_o failer_z of_o issue_n than_o the_o next_o of_o kindred_n in_o the_o near_a line_n and_o in_o this_o pretend_a interpretation_n the_o word_n kin_n suppose_v to_o be_v kindred_n do_v seem_v to_o nullify_v by_o it_o the_o know_a use_n of_o the_o tenure_n for_o if_o the_o kindred_n be_v to_o part_v those_o land_n then_o must_v it_o so_o fall_v out_o that_o either_o the_o child_n part_v they_o with_o the_o kindred_n or_o the_o kindred_n without_o the_o child_n for_o if_o the_o title_n by_o this_o denomination_n be_v in_o the_o kindred_n it_o must_v be_v one_o of_o the_o two_o and_o upon_o serious_a consideration_n i_o will_v think_v that_o it_o deserve_v a_o censure_n for_o any_o to_o affirm_v that_o child_n be_v of_o kin_n to_o the_o father_n for_o that_o kindred_n or_o kin_n betoken_v a_o more_o distantial_a relation_n than_o a_o son_n be_v to_o the_o father_n which_o shall_v it_o take_v place_n in_o that_o notion_n will_v carry_v with_o it_o the_o confusion_n of_o alliance_n in_o latin_a kindred_n be_v call_v cognatio_fw-la quia_fw-la cognati_fw-la quasi_fw-la una_fw-la communiter_fw-la nati_fw-la vel_fw-la orti_fw-la ab_fw-la eodem_fw-la progenitore_fw-la these_o cognati_fw-la or_o kindred_n that_o be_v so_o distance_v may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v sanguine_a conjuncti_fw-la and_o consanguinei_fw-la be_v cause_n they_o proceed_v from_o one_o progenitor_n yet_o be_v well_o know_v not_o to_o participate_v of_o the_o same_o privilege_n with_o the_o child_n for_o the_o child_n of_o one_o brother_n do_v not_o divide_v or_o part_v land_n with_o the_o child_n of_o another_o brother_n by_o this_o our_o tenure_n but_o if_o the_o land_n shall_v thus_o pass_v then_o by_o what_o right_a or_o title_n can_v the_o child_n expect_v any_o part_n of_o it_o for_o that_o according_a to_o this_o interpretation_n it_o shall_v pass_v to_o the_o kindred_n and_o so_o as_o i_o say_v before_o be_v eminent_o implant_v in_o they_o it_o do_v plain_o seem_v to_o debarr_n the_o child_n and_o vacate_v the_o common_a use_n of_o partition_n among_o the_o son_n which_o be_v the_o more_o plain_o evict_v by_o this_o in_o that_o daughter_n in_o case_n it_o be_v insist_v upon_o in_o relation_n to_o kindred_n be_v as_o much_o of_o kindred_n to_o the_o father_n as_o the_o son_n be_v and_o yet_o in_o this_o tenure_n of_o partition_n the_o daughter_n have_v common_o no_o share_n when_o there_o be_v son_n exist_v mr._n verstegan_n who_o will_v willing_o observe_v some_o inconvenience_n in_o the_o latitude_n of_o mr._n lambards_n exposition_n restrain_v it_o will_v make_v kind_a to_o signify_v son_n or_o rather_o child_n which_o if_o in_o the_o last_o than_o i_o say_v that_o daughter_n as_o well_o as_o son_n at_o the_o same_o time_n be_v very_o rare_o participant_n in_o the_o partition_n of_o land_n together_o except_o in_o those_o case_n i_o former_o show_v doctor_n powel_n in_o his_o additament_n to_o the_o cambrian_a history_n which_o i_o cite_v full_o before_o say_v here_o i_o think_v fit_a to_o say_v somewhat_o of_o the_o custom_n and_o tenure_n of_o wales_n etc._n etc._n that_o be_v the_o division_n of_o the_o father_n inheritance_n among_o all_o the_o son_n common_o call_v gavelkynd_n the_o doctor_n write_v gavel_n in_o great_a and_o large_a character_n and_o kind_a in_o small_a as_o be_v dubious_a of_o the_o connaturality_n of_o they_o gavel_n he_o affirm_v to_o be_v british_a but_o not_o know_v what_o to_o make_v of_o kind_a pass_v it_o over_o in_o silence_n i_o shall_v be_v far_o from_o peremptoriness_n in_o my_o own_o sentence_n concern_v it_o one_o while_o i_o think_v it_o may_v have_v be_v derive_v from_o the_o british_a word_n tennedl_n which_o signify_v generatio_fw-la aut_fw-la familia_fw-la as_o in_o that_o common_o use_v word_n pen-cennedl_a which_o be_v receive_v and_o expound_v to_o signify_v princeps_fw-la generationis_fw-la aut_fw-la familias_fw-la the_o chief_a of_o a_o kindred_n or_o blood_n who_o among_o the_o welsh_a be_v reverence_v and_o observe_v as_o i_o tell_v you_o the_o lord_n or_o chief_n of_o clan_n be_v in_o the_o highland_n of_o scotland_n and_o so_o gavel-kennedl_a may_v signify_v tenura_n familias_fw-la aut_fw-la generationis_fw-la which_o that_o i_o may_v bring_v it_o a_o little_a near_o to_o the_o ring_n of_o the_o pronunciation_n be_v by_o some_o report_v to_o have_v be_v sound_v tennedh_n which_o with_o great_a case_n in_o the_o composition_n may_v retreat_v into_o gavelkynd_n and_o be_v of_o the_o same_o use_n in_o that_o signification_n somewhat_o of_o that_o manner_n be_v ancient_o observe_v among_o the_o britain_n though_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v lose_v for_o morgan_n be_v a_o name_n of_o great_a use_n among_o they_o heretofore_o as_o it_o be_v at_o this_o day_n which_o signify_v get_v of_o the_o sea_n sea_n mergan_n signify_v get_v of_o the_o sea_n as_o some_o critic_n in_o that_o language_n do_v report_n and_o be_v think_v to_o be_v the_o proper_a name_n of_o that_o arch_a heretic_n who_o in_o imitation_n of_o this_o his_o name_n be_v by_o the_o greek_n call_v pelagius_n which_o termination_n begin_v in_o the_o welsh_a name_n i_o mean_v be_v the_o fruit_n of_o genned_a from_o whence_o with_o a_o soft_a mutation_n may_v come_v the_o latter_a part_n of_o our_o word_n inquire_v after_o viz._n kind_a the_o other_o imagination_n be_v this_o that_o the_o saxon_n upon_o their_o first_o co-habitation_n with_o the_o britain_n do_v borrow_v many_o of_o their_o word_n by_o which_o they_o express_v the_o denomination_n of_o place_n and_o thing_n i_o have_v already_o show_v several_a of_o they_o in_o this_o tract_n and_o can_v produce_v so_o many_o as_o that_o by_o themselves_o they_o will_v fill_v a_o volume_n and_o not_o only_o be_v there_o to_o be_v find_v this_o intermixtion_n with_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n but_o also_o much_o of_o the_o relic_n thereof_o in_o the_o very_a french_a be_v the_o remainder_n of_o the_o ancient_a gallic_a which_o at_o this_o day_n be_v the_o most_o entire_o keep_v by_o the_o britain_n of_o north-wales_n for_o all_o thing_n that_o relate_v to_o nobility_n to_o propriety_n to_o term_n of_o law_n to_o custom_n to_o office_n etc._n etc._n be_v in_o british_a carry_v through_o many_o age_n from_o the_o britain_n by_o the_o saxon_n down_o to_o we_o the_o saxon_n call_v some_o rent_n mailes_n the_o same_o word_n the_o scot_n use_n to_o this_o day_n 34._o pag._n 34._o and_o be_v as_o mr._n s._n
equal_a portion_n but_o according_a to_o right_n to_o this_o i_o answer_v i_o have_v show_v before_o several_a sort_n of_o partible_a tenor_n and_o none_o of_o they_o opposite_a in_o condition_n or_o nature_n but_o that_o they_o may_v all_o come_v under_o the_o genus_fw-la of_o gavelkynd_n and_o all_o those_o partition_n although_o not_o by_o equal_a portion_n yet_o be_v all_o according_a to_o the_o right_n of_o gavelkynd_n which_o i_o think_v be_v sufficient_a to_o make_v they_o appear_v member_n of_o this_o tenure_n but_o let_v we_o examine_v under_o what_o consideration_n the_o saxon_a king_n have_v this_o tenure_n as_o it_o be_v diffusive_a over_o england_n in_o their_o law_n and_o first_o of_o all_o those_o law_n of_o king_n canutus_n wherewith_o mr._n s._n be_v so_o ill_o satisfy_v he_o after_o he_o have_v very_o pious_o take_v care_n for_o what_o concern_v the_o worship_n of_o god_n by_o the_o counsel_n and_o advice_n of_o the_o wiseman_n of_o his_o kingdom_n on_o ðaem_n halgaâ—_n midÆ¿intre_n tid_v on_o Æ¿intanceastre_n in_o the_o holy_a mid-winter-tide_n at_o winchester_n which_o mr._n lambard_n expound_v to_o be_v christmas_n enact_v several_a law_n with_o this_o proaemium_fw-la before_o they_o ðis_n be_v ðonne_fw-fr seo_fw-la Æ¿orldcunde_a gerednes_n ðeic_fw-la Æ¿ille_fw-la mid_a minan_n Æ¿itenan_n raede_fw-la ê§_n man_n heald_n ofer_n eal_n englaland_n that_o be_v this_o be_v then_o the_o worldly_a behest_n that_o by_o the_o counsel_n of_o my_o wise_a man_n that_o man_n hold_v over_o all_o england_n by_o which_o we_o may_v perceive_v his_o law_n have_v a_o universal_a extent_n over_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o they_o we_o find_v to_o be_v build_v upon_o the_o basis_n of_o partition_n so_o in_o his_o 68_o law_n which_o be_v thus_o render_v sive_fw-la quis_fw-la incuria_fw-la sive_fw-la morte_fw-la repentina_fw-la fuerit_fw-la intestatò_fw-la mortuus_fw-la dominus_fw-la tamen_fw-la nullam_fw-la rerum_fw-la suarum_fw-la partem_fw-la praeter_fw-la eam_fw-la quae_fw-la jure_fw-la debetur_fw-la hereoti_n nomine_fw-la sibi_fw-la assumito_fw-la verum_fw-la eas_fw-la judicio_fw-la svo_fw-la uxori_fw-la liberis_fw-la &_o cognatione_fw-la proximis_fw-la justè_fw-la pro_fw-la svo_fw-la cuique_fw-la jure_fw-la distribuito_fw-la which_o in_o the_o original_a be_v ac_fw-la beo_fw-la be_v his_o dihte_n seo_fw-la aehte_n gescyft_n sÆ¿iþe_v sihte_v þife_n &_o cildan_n &_o neh_a magon_n aelcum_fw-mi be_v ðaer_fw-mi maeþe_fw-mi de_fw-mi he_o togebyrige_fw-la which_o be_v as_o i_o conceive_v thus_o and_o by_o his_o judgement_n let_v the_o estate_n be_v shift_v or_o rather_o divide_v according_a to_o right_n wife_n and_o child_n and_o next_o of_o kin_n to_o each_o one_o according_a to_o that_o proportion_n that_o belong_v to_o they_o this_o shift_a if_o the_o word_n signify_v so_o or_o division_n must_v be_v according_a to_o right_n where_o by_o the_o way_n note_n that_o the_o saxon_a word_n to_o they_o know_v be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o that_o they_o make_v no_o use_n of_o the_o word_n gavelkynd_n but_o this_o be_v a_o general_a law_n and_o as_o i_o say_v before_o several_a place_n have_v their_o several_a manner_n and_o proportion_n of_o this_o tenure_n of_o partition_n yet_o all_o those_o custom_n be_v to_o be_v part_v and_o descend_v according_a to_o right_n we_o find_v somewhat_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n in_o the_o 70_o law_n of_o king_n canutus_n porrò_fw-la autem_fw-la quam_fw-la maritus_fw-la sine_fw-la light_fw-la &_o controversia_fw-la sedem_fw-la incoluerit_fw-la eam_fw-la conjux_fw-la &_o proles_fw-la sine_fw-la controversia_fw-la possidento_fw-la sin_n quae_fw-la in_o illum_fw-la lie_fw-la fuerit_fw-la illata_fw-la viventem_fw-la eam_fw-la haeredes_fw-la ad_fw-la se_fw-la perinde_v atque_fw-la be_v vivus_fw-la accipiunto_o and_o in_o the_o 75_o law_n it_o be_v provide_v that_o if_o any_o in_o the_o army_n before_o or_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o his_o lord_n dye_v fight_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d let_v his_o heriot_n be_v forgive_v and_o let_v his_o heir_n succeed_v he_o in_o his_o good_n and_o his_o paternal_a land_n and_o let_v it_o be_v shift_v or_o divide_v according_a to_o right_n which_o law_n seem_v to_o be_v word_n for_o word_n find_v among_o the_o law_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n where_o i_o find_v &_o qui_fw-la in_o bello_fw-la ante_fw-la dominum_fw-la suum_fw-la ceciderit_fw-la sit_fw-la hoc_fw-la interra_fw-la sit_fw-la alibi_fw-la sint_fw-la ei_fw-la relevationes_fw-la condonatae_fw-la &_o habeant_fw-la haeredes_fw-la ejus_fw-la pecuniam_fw-la &_o terram_fw-la ejus_fw-la sine_fw-la aliqua_fw-la diminutione_n &_o rectè_fw-la dividant_a inter_fw-la se_fw-la which_o law_n do_v also_o take_v place_n among_o those_o that_o william_n the_o conqueror_n confirm_v as_o in_o the_o 36_o la_o that_o pass_v under_o his_o name_n si_fw-mi quis_fw-la intestatus_fw-la obierit_fw-la liberi_fw-la ejus_fw-la haereditatem_fw-la aequaliter_fw-la dividant_a now_o the_o collection_n from_o hence_o lie_v natural_o thus_o that_o that_o law_n which_o general_o reach_v to_o the_o behoof_n of_o his_o child_n or_o the_o descendant_n of_o such_o as_o dye_v intestate_a be_v the_o most_o genuine_a law_n for_o this_o law_n provide_v that_o upon_o some_o emergent_a accident_n as_o die_v intestate_a or_o in_o battle_n or_o some_o such_o sudden_a chance_n that_o these_o notwithstanding_o the_o land_n shall_v run_v in_o its_o proper_a channel_n of_o partition_n so_o that_o these_o occasion_n shall_v not_o attain_v the_o power_n of_o alter_v the_o course_n thereof_o which_o not_o meet_v with_o such_o a_o obstruction_n will_v have_v without_o any_o scruple_n have_v its_o natural_a course_n of_o partition_n the_o like_a be_v not_o only_o in_o the_o knight-service-land_n speak_v of_o to_o be_v in_o king_n alfred_n time_n but_o also_o in_o all_o their_o bocland_n and_o other_o land_n that_o have_v the_o force_n put_v upon_o they_o by_o testament_n or_o deed_n this_o partition_n come_v yet_o a_o little_a near_o to_o we_o for_o in_o the_o 70_o law_n of_o hen._n 1._o upon_o the_o account_n of_o partition_n or_o divide_v provision_n be_v make_v that_o si_fw-mi mulier_fw-la absque_fw-la liberis_fw-la moriatur_fw-la parent_n ejus_fw-la cum_fw-la marito_fw-la svo_fw-la partem_fw-la svam_fw-la dividant_a by_o which_o i_o understand_v a_o division_n of_o part_n upon_o a_o part_n before_o receive_v and_o he_o that_o write_v the_o glossary_a to_o the_o saxon_a law_n upon_o the_o word_n terra_fw-la ex_fw-la scripto_fw-la say_v haereditatem_fw-la vero_fw-la temporibus_fw-la illis_fw-la non_fw-la quemadmodum_fw-la apud_fw-la nos_fw-la solus_fw-la aetate_fw-la maximus_fw-la adibat_fw-la verum_fw-la ad_fw-la filios_fw-la omnes_fw-la aequaliter_fw-la fundus_fw-la lege_fw-la veniebat_fw-la quod_fw-la illi_fw-la viz._n saxones_n land_n fcyftan_n dixerunt_fw-la &_o cantii_n hac_fw-la nostra_fw-la memoria_fw-la eodem_fw-la vocabulo_fw-la to_o shift_n land_n id_fw-la est_fw-la herciscere_fw-la &_o fundum_fw-la partiri_fw-la appellant_n by_o which_o it_o seem_v the_o proper_a kentish_a word_n be_v shifting-land_n as_o by_o this_o glossators_n judgement_n who_o i_o understand_v be_v a_o kentishman_n which_o if_o so_o let_v they_o be_v content_a with_o their_o saxon_a land-shifting_a and_o let_v we_o alone_o with_o our_o gavel_n unless_o they_o will_v be_v please_v to_o own_o their_o true_a briton_n true_a the_o briton_n patron_n the_o law_n i_o confess_v that_o i_o have_v late_o cite_v do_v rather_o glance_v upon_o the_o custom_n of_o partition_n because_o it_o be_v suppose_v and_o take_v for_o grant_v that_o that_o custom_n be_v so_o paramount_n that_o there_o be_v little_a need_n of_o express_v thereof_o which_o lie_v so_o couch_v there_o as_o it_o do_v among_o the_o welsh_a law_n and_o be_v like_o our_o common_a law_n know_v to_o all_o yet_o not_o express_v general_o receive_v yet_o not_o write_v in_o the_o 78_o page_n of_o mr._n s._n we_o be_v still_o upon_o the_o tenure_n in_o question_n be_v cite_v davies_n his_o report_n of_o the_o irish_a custom_n de_fw-fr gavel-kind_n which_o book_n i_o have_v see_v and_o to_o it_o i_o say_v if_o the_o irish_a know_v the_o word_n by_o which_o davies_n denominate_v the_o custom_n among_o they_o it_o further_o confirm_v i_o in_o my_o opinion_n of_o the_o british_a etymology_n thereof_o ignoratur_fw-la thereof_o seld._n mare_n claus_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 1._o scotland_n and_o ireland_n be_v ancient_o repute_v britain_n hiberma_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d dicta_fw-la est_fw-la ptolomaeo_n mahumedes_n acharranides_n arab_n mathematicus_fw-la egregius_fw-la qui_fw-la ante_fw-la annos_fw-la 900._o floruit_fw-la terrae_fw-la latitudinem_fw-la inquit_fw-la observantes_fw-la à _fw-la loco_fw-la lineae_fw-la aequalitatis_fw-la aequinoctialis_fw-la versus_fw-la septentrionalem_fw-la partem_fw-la insula_fw-la tile_n quae_fw-la est_fw-la in_o britannia_fw-la ubi_fw-la est_fw-la majoris_fw-la diei_fw-la longitudo_fw-la 20._o herarum_fw-la eam_fw-la determinari_fw-la deprehenderunt_fw-la eriam_fw-la &_o alii_fw-la thulen_n pro_fw-la ipsa_fw-la britannia_fw-la usurpacunt_fw-la seu_fw-la anglia_fw-it &_o albategnius_n de_fw-fr oceano_fw-la quà _fw-la ab_fw-la hispanis_n respicitur_fw-la verba_fw-la faciens_fw-la in_o co_fw-la inquit_fw-la à _fw-la septentrionali_fw-la parte_fw-la sunt_fw-la
insulae_fw-la britannicae_n quae_fw-la sunt_fw-la xii_o &_o post_fw-la haec_fw-la ab_fw-la inhabitationibus_fw-la elongatur_fw-la &_o quo_fw-la procedat_fw-la ignoratur_fw-la for_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o two_o language_n be_v not_o so_o great_a but_o that_o we_o may_v upon_o good_a reason_n believe_v they_o be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o ancient_o nor_o so_o great_a a_o dissonancy_n at_o this_o day_n between_o they_o but_o that_o the_o footstep_n of_o a_o former_a union_n may_v easy_o be_v observe_v and_o 19_o and_o mr._n selden_n observe_v a_o little_a of_o the_o use_n in_o the_o defusedness_n of_o the_o ancient_a language_n say_v corwallensea_n in_fw-it anglia_fw-it linguâ_fw-la semper_fw-la usi_fw-la sunt_fw-la cambro-britannicâ_a saltem_fw-la velut_fw-la dialecto_fw-la variatâ_fw-la uti_fw-la etiam_fw-la aremorici_n in_fw-la galliis_fw-la manniae_fw-la item_n insulae_fw-la incolae_fw-la hibernicâ_fw-la unde_fw-la tamen_fw-la nemo_fw-la est_fw-la hominum_fw-la qui_fw-la velit_fw-la sequi_fw-la aut_fw-la hanc_fw-la angliae_fw-la regibus_fw-la quâ_fw-la hiberniae_fw-la sive_fw-la domini_fw-la sive_fw-la reges_fw-la fuerint_fw-la parere_fw-la aut_fw-la illos_fw-la ex_fw-la cambro-britannici_a principatû_fw-fr jure_fw-la aliqâ—_n principibus_fw-la suis_fw-la subjacere_fw-la marc_n claus_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 19_o the_o progress_n of_o language_n be_v a_o thing_n very_o well_o worth_a the_o observat_fw-la on_o for_o by_o sundry_a discourse_n with_o several_a intelligent_a person_n concern_v in_o the_o language_n and_o somewhat_o upon_o my_o own_o observation_n i_o can_v make_v it_o out_o that_o if_o one_o of_o base_a britanny_n meet_v a_o cornish-man_n that_o speak_v the_o cornish_a they_o with_o small_a difficulty_n will_v each_o understand_v the_o other_o the_o very_a denomination_n of_o that_o country_n be_v british_a for_o armorica_n be_v derive_v from_o at_o mor_n which_o have_v no_o signification_n but_o from_o the_o welsh_a and_o be_v upon_o or_o near_o the_o sea_n with_o which_o the_o situation_n also_o agree_v let_v a_o cornish-man_n pass_v into_o wales_n he_o will_v understand_v the_o welsh_a and_o be_v understand_v of_o they_o a_o welshman_n meet_v with_o a_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o man_n that_o speak_v the_o manc-language_n both_o of_o they_o will_v understand_v one_o the_o other_o meaning_n a_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o isle_n a_o menavian_n meet_v in_o ireland_n among_o the_o irish_a a_o agreeable_a intelligence_n and_o the_o irish_a with_o great_a facility_n communicate_v with_o the_o high-land_n scot_n in_o their_o several_a dialect_n intelligible_o so_o that_o animadvert_v this_o progression_n as_o i_o have_v link_v they_o much_o may_v be_v infer_v of_o original_n custom_n and_o manner_n among_o all_o of_o they_o have_v find_v the_o footstep_n of_o gavel-kind_n by_o the_o saxon_n deduce_v to_o the_o norman_n and_o not_o alter_v by_o they_o concern_v which_o i_o have_v be_v large_a before_o and_o in_o my_o next_o chapter_n show_v chap._n xv._o that_o in_o the_o term_n gavelkynd_n be_v not_o partition_n of_o free_a socage_n and_o other_o custom_n concern_v gavelkynd_n extra_fw-la cantium_n of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o law_n of_o howel-dha_a that_o in_o the_o term_n viz._n gavelkynd_n there_o be_v not_o any_o partition_n be_v plain_a both_o by_o what_o mr._n s._n apprehend_v of_o it_o think_v it_o to_o be_v derive_v from_o rent_n and_o to_o signify_v genus_fw-la gabli_fw-la vel_fw-la redditus_fw-la nor_o by_o what_o i_o have_v give_v in_o and_o exhit_v for_o my_o sentence_n that_o it_o signify_v tenura_n the_o â—enure_n per_fw-la eminentiam_fw-la of_o the_o family_n or_o genus_fw-la tenurae_fw-la and_o so_o consequent_o may_v serve_v for_o a_o answer_n to_o one_o part_n of_o the_o question_n put_v by_o mr._n s._n in_o his_o 42d._o page_n where_o he_o say_v our_o next_o enquiry_n shall_v be_v whether_o partition_n owe_v itself_o to_o gavelkind_n either_o ex_fw-la vi_fw-la termini_fw-la or_o ratione_fw-la rei_fw-la and_o give_v his_o opinion_n with_o i_o that_o ex_fw-la vi_fw-la termini_fw-la partition_n do_v not_o owe_v itself_o to_o gavelkynd_n and_o in_o some_o considerable_a case_n it_o be_v not_o enforce_v in_o the_o very_a use_n of_o it_o for_o in_o case_n a_o father_n die_v possess_v or_o seize_v of_o such_o partible_a gavel-kynd-land_n and_o leave_v but_o one_o son_n behind_o he_o this_o land_n be_v not_o then_o to_o be_v part_v which_o if_o it_o have_v be_v ex_fw-la vi_fw-la termini_fw-la it_o must_v have_v either_o cease_v its_o use_n and_o force_n or_o else_o there_o must_v have_v be_v find_v out_o some_o other_o near_o relation_n with_o who_o the_o sole_a heir_n have_v be_v constrain_v to_o a_o partition_n the_o like_a whereof_o i_o can_v never_o read_v or_o hear_v be_v ever_o do_v this_o be_v very_o well_o understand_v by_o littleton_n 265._o lib._n 3._o sect._n 265._o and_o explain_v by_o sir_n edward_n coke_n in_o that_o chapter_n of_o parcener_n per_fw-la le_fw-fr custom_n for_o son_n say_v sir_n edward_n be_v parcener_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o fee_n or_o inheritance_n and_o not_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o person_n as_o daughter_n and_o sister_n be_v etc._n etc._n and_o out_o of_o bracton_n cit_v this_o et_fw-la sunt_fw-la participes_fw-la quasi_fw-la partem_fw-la capientes_fw-la etc._n etc._n ratione_fw-la ipsius_fw-la rei_fw-la quae_fw-la partibilis_fw-la est_fw-la &_o non_fw-la ratione_fw-la personarum_fw-la quae_fw-la non_fw-la sunt_fw-la quasi_fw-la unus_fw-la haeres_fw-la &_o unum_fw-la corpus_fw-la sed_fw-la diversi_fw-la haeredes_fw-la ubi_fw-la tenementum_fw-la partibile_fw-la est_fw-la inter_fw-la plures_fw-la cohaeredes_fw-la petentes_fw-la qui_fw-la descendunt_fw-la de_fw-fr eodem_fw-la stipite_fw-la semper_fw-la solent_fw-la dividi_fw-la ab_fw-la antiquo_fw-la for_o such_o land_n belong_v to_o a_o family_n relate_v only_o to_o the_o male_n in_o case_n of_o their_o existency_n but_o if_o not_o then_o to_o the_o female_n so_o also_o we_o have_v it_o observe_v by_o glanvil_n who_o denominate_v such_o as_o hold_v by_o this_o tenure_n of_o partition_n liberi_fw-la sokemanni_n of_o who_o he_o write_v quibus_fw-la mortuis_fw-la dividetur_fw-la hereditas_fw-la inter_fw-la omnes_fw-la filios_fw-la si_fw-la fuerit_fw-la socagium_fw-la &_o id_fw-la antiquitùs_fw-la divisum_fw-la salvo_fw-la tamen_fw-la capitali_fw-la messuagio_fw-it primogenito_fw-la pro_fw-la dignitate_fw-la aesneciae_fw-la suae_fw-la ita_fw-la tamen_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o aliis_fw-la rebus_fw-la satisfaciet_fw-la aliis_fw-la ad_fw-la valentiam_fw-la si_fw-mi vero_fw-la non_fw-la fuerit_fw-la antiquitùs_fw-la divisum_fw-la tunc_fw-la primogenitus_fw-la secundùm_fw-la quorundam_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la totam_fw-la haereditatem_fw-la obtinebit_fw-la secundùm_fw-la autem_fw-la quorundam_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la postnatus_fw-la filius_fw-la heres_fw-la est_fw-la i_o shall_v not_o enforce_v any_o thing_n from_o the_o custom_n of_o preference_n of_o primogeniture_n to_o socage_n land_n which_o be_v such_o as_o be_v non_fw-fr antiquitùs_fw-la divisae_fw-la and_o those_o to_o be_v but_o secundùm_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la quorundam_fw-la which_o expression_n signify_v a_o diminution_n both_o in_o respect_n of_o age_n and_o community_n nor_o of_o the_o tenure_n which_o we_o call_v burgh-english_a which_o whether_o bring_v in_o by_o the_o saxon_n because_o of_o its_o name_n i_o can_v tell_v but_o concern_v that_o which_o glanvil_n set_v down_o as_o the_o most_o common_a custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o most_o ancient_a as_o in_o his_o time_n it_o be_v receive_v to_o be_v and_o the_o intent_n of_o his_o paragraph_n which_o be_v to_o counter-distinguish_a the_o tenure_n of_o this_o partible_a land_n from_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o military_a fee_n where_o the_o elder_a son_n in_o england_n still_o inherit_v of_o which_o sort_n there_o be_v not_o so_o many_o when_o william_n the_o conqueror_n take_v his_o survey_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o after_o time_n do_v bring_v they_o unto_o when_o that_o no_o land_n be_v permit_v to_o be_v hold_v free_a from_o the_o military_a tenure_n not_o except_v the_o very_a land_n of_o the_o church_n but_o he_o be_v so_o plain_a i_o shall_v not_o trouble_v you_o with_o a_o comment_n and_o return_v to_o the_o subject_n of_o this_o chapter_n which_o be_v that_o partition_n ex_fw-la vi_fw-la termini_fw-la do_v not_o owe_v itself_o to_o gavelkind_n no_o rather_o gavel-kind_n to_o partition_n for_o i_o believe_v when_o at_o first_o this_o partition_n be_v use_v and_o receive_v into_o a_o common_a custom_n those_o user_n be_v enforce_v and_o oblige_v to_o find_v and_o invent_v a_o word_n by_o which_o their_o custom_n may_v be_v intelligible_o express_v rather_o than_o to_o make_v a_o custom_n to_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n but_o where_o the_o custom_n of_o divide_v under_o the_o title_n and_o term_n of_o gavel-kind_n be_v once_o receive_v and_o settle_v with_o its_o appurtenance_n there_o it_o infer_v partition_n and_o pass_v as_o a_o common_a law_n not_o only_o in_o kent_n but_o in_o christendom_n also_o to_o what_o mr._n s._n say_v by_o way_n of_o objection_n out_o of_o bracton_n that_o he_o be_v express_v for_o a_o partition_n ratione_fw-la rei_fw-la vel_fw-la ratione_fw-la terrae_fw-la if_o by_o it_o relation_n
proper_o call_v villein-service_n have_v be_v as_o they_o still_o be_v intermit_v or_o rather_o quite_o cease_v insomuch_o as_o all_o our_o gavel-kynd-land_n in_o point_n of_o service_n now_o differ_v nothing_o from_o free_a socage_n be_v such_o ubi_fw-la fit_a servitium_fw-la in_o denariis_fw-la that_o there_o be_v change_n out_o of_o villeinage_n tenor_n into_o other_o more_o free_a and_o less_o servile_a be_v frequent_o to_o be_v find_v but_o by_o that_o to_o lay_v any_o force_n upon_o the_o in_o erpretation_n or_o etymologye_n of_o the_o word_n or_o that_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o those_o citation_n bring_v in_o by_o mr._n s._n it_o shall_v signify_v genus_fw-la gabli_fw-la aut_fw-la redditus_fw-la because_o there_o be_v a_o tent_n fix_v upon_o the_o change_n i_o can_v yield_v unto_o it_o to_o what_o he_o observe_v in_o his_o 59_o page_n out_o of_o the_o customal_n of_o eastry_n manor_n in_o kent_n of_o the_o change_a octo_fw-la cotarii_fw-la pro_fw-la gavel-kende_a since_o 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of_o that_o imposition_n make_v at_o the_o agreement_n by_o way_n of_o acknowledgement_n for_o create_v this_o land_n gavel-kind-land_n the_o last_o have_v relation_n to_o the_o rent_n reserve_v and_o the_o acknowledgement_n the_o other_o to_o the_o manner_n of_o hold_v in_o relation_n to_o the_o change_n and_o to_o the_o future_a descent_n so_o likewise_o be_v that_o other_o citation_n out_o of_o the_o archbishop_n accompt-roll_n in_o the_o year_n 1230._o where_n it_o be_v thus_o enter_v &_o dâ—_n xiiis._n ivd._n the_o fine_a cotariorum_n ut_fw-la coteriae_fw-la suae_fw-la ponerentur_fw-la adredditum_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o their_o cottage_n may_v be_v fix_v and_o certain_a in_o relation_n to_o their_o gable_n or_o reat_n for_o which_o they_o pay_v a_o fine_a whereas_o the_o first_o citation_n have_v relation_n both_o to_o tenure_n and_o rent_n i_o shall_v now_o take_v my_o progress_n northward_o and_o inform_v you_o that_o there_o be_v also_o as_o the_o remainder_n of_o the_o ancient_a planter_n chap._n xvii_o gavel-kind_n in_o scotland_n when_o the_o english_a tongue_n and_o the_o custom_n be_v first_o plant_v in_o scotland_n mr._n s._n in_o his_o 53d._o page_n report_n that_o the_o tenure_n of_o gavelkynd_n in_o other_o country_n beside_o kent_n be_v a_o custom_n indeed_o but_o yet_o like_a to_o that_o in_o scottish_a socage_n land_n to_o which_o he_o produce_v as_o a_o test._n skenaeus_fw-la i_o find_v by_o mr._n s._n that_o gavel-kind_n shall_v be_v permit_v in_o other_o country_n to_o be_v like_a unto_o that_o in_o wales_n like_o that_o in_o ireland_n like_v to_o scottish_a socage-land_n rather_o than_o like_v to_o itself_o or_o to_o the_o same_o etc._n same_o yet_o mr._n john_n skene_n say_v in_o his_o chapter_n de_fw-fr linea_fw-la recta_fw-la descendentium_fw-la thus_o give_v any_o man_n deceasis_n &_o leavis_n behind_o he_o maa_o son_n nor_o one_fw-mi either_o he_o be_v succomaanus_n &_o haldis_n not_o his_o land_n be_v service_n of_o ward_n and_o then_o his_o heretage_n be_v divide_v amang_v all_o his_o son_n or_o he_o be_v mile_n la_o the_o quhilk_fw-mi case_n the_o elder_a son_n succeedis_fw-la in_o the_o haâ—_n land_n quhilk_n heretable_o pertein_v to_o his_o father_n etc._n etc._n what_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o scottish-socageland_a be_v or_o have_v be_v ancient_o in_o scotland_n i_o be_o not_o certain_a but_o of_o this_o i_o be_o assure_v that_o there_o be_v seucral_a manor_n heretofore_o belong_v to_o certain_a bishop_n of_o scotland_n where_o there_o be_v the_o same_o usage_n of_o partition_n of_o land_n as_o in_o gavel-kind_n which_o show_v that_o those_o land_n belong_v in_o those_o ancient_a time_n to_o the_o church_n do_v not_o feel_v the_o severity_n of_o the_o war_n but_o enjoy_v this_o custom_n and_o tenure_n from_o their_o most_o ancient_a proprietor_n which_o be_v also_o plain_o to_o be_v perceive_v by_o the_o retention_n of_o this_o tenure_n yet_o in_o force_n among_o the_o ancient_a britain_n of_o the_o isle_n who_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o site_n be_v most_o free_a from_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o war._n i_o call_v they_o britain_n though_o now_o they_o be_v call_v high-lander_n because_o upon_o trial_n of_o word_n and_o denomination_n of_o place_n i_o find_v that_o language_n and_o the_o british_a so_o coherent_a as_o that_o there_o be_v not_o much_o difference_n between_o they_o to_o a_o serious_a observer_n as_o i_o have_v before_o treat_v consideration_n be_v have_v to_o such_o word_n as_o have_v suffer_v by_o the_o saxon_a converse_n for_o this_o island_n at_o its_o first_o plantation_n do_v certain_o upon_o the_o increase_n of_o family_n who_o first_o settle_v in_o the_o easternmost_a part_n thereof_o remove_v their_o increase_n westward_o and_o northward_o till_o such_o time_n as_o by_o this_o mean_v both_o cornwall_n and_o the_o orcades_n be_v also_o plant_v and_o then_o the_o saxon_n in_o process_n of_o time_n inforce_v the_o britain_n to_o leave_v these_o their_o 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contra_fw-la infer_v that_o because_o it_o be_v not_o so_o universal_o know_v in_o those_o place_n where_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n be_v speak_v it_o administer_v more_o reason_n to_o believe_v and_o conceive_v it_o shall_v have_v another_o origine_fw-la than_o to_o be_v so_o easy_o lose_v among_o the_o very_a user_n of_o the_o language_n and_o in_o no_o such_o place_n to_o be_v find_v as_o mr._n s._n will_v have_v we_o believe_v but_o within_o the_o sept_n of_o kent_n the_o time_n of_o plant_v the_o saxon_a custom_n in_o scotland_n be_v difficult_a to_o be_v know_v but_o if_o the_o plant_n the_o language_n argue_v any_o probability_n of_o the_o plant_n of_o custom_n then_o we_o have_v best_o make_v the_o time_n of_o the_o plant_n the_o saxon_a tongue_n the_o matter_n of_o our_o enquiry_n thence_o be_v able_a probable_o to_o deduce_v that_o at_o that_o time_n the_o custom_n be_v receive_v for_o it_o be_v far_o otherwise_o in_o the_o saxon_a settlement_n in_o scotland_n than_o in_o england_n for_o here_o they_o plant_v and_o settle_v with_o the_o
britain_n there_o they_o drive_v out_o the_o pict_n total_o and_o seat_v themselves_o in_o their_o place_n upon_o which_o account_n it_o be_v that_o they_o not_o have_v any_o person_n with_o who_o they_o may_v co-inhabit_a and_o so_o participate_v of_o their_o custom_n be_v upon_o their_o settlement_n constrain_v to_o create_v new_a custom_n or_o else_o to_o revive_v their_o own_o for_o their_o best_a security_n i_o think_v they_o much_o in_o a_o error_n who_o affirm_v that_o the_o identity_n of_o language_n betwixt_o we_o and_o scotland_n be_v occasion_v from_o the_o multitude_n of_o the_o profugi_fw-la or_o such_o as_o for_o the_o security_n of_o their_o person_n flee_v under_o the_o protection_n of_o malcolm_n canmoir_n king_n of_o scotland_n in_o the_o time_n of_o william_n the_o conqueror_n certain_o consider_v the_o old_a animosity_n betwixt_o the_o two_o nation_n it_o will_v have_v ill_o become_v the_o courtesy_n at_o least_o the_o policy_n of_o the_o scotch_a king_n to_o have_v receive_v so_o many_o english_a guest_n a_o by_o their_o number_n or_o multitude_n may_v have_v be_v able_a to_o plant_v their_o language_n among_o his_o people_n so_o different_a from_o their_o own_o i_o must_v confess_v that_o notwithstanding_o this_o national_a enmity_n some_o he_o do_v receive_v out_o of_o who_o he_o choose_v his_o wife_n margaret_z sister_n to_o edgar_n etheling_n and_o bestow_v land_n upon_o divers_a of_o they_o a_o catalogue_n of_o several_a of_o they_o the_o bishop_n of_o rosse_n have_v give_v to_o we_o by_o their_o surname_n of_o who_o he_o reckon_v the_o family_n of_o calder_n lokert_n gordon_n seaton_n lauder_n waun_n meldron_n shaw_n lermount_v libertoun_n straquhin_n rettraye_v dundas_n cockeburne_n myrtom_n inglis_n leslye_o cargill_n cuilra_n mar_n menzeis_n abercrumy_a lindsay_n vaus_n ramsay_n loval_n torris_n preston_n sandelandis_n bissat_fw-la foullis_fw-la wardlou_n maxuell_n etc._n etc._n these_o be_v the_o most_o and_o principall_a in_o that_o account_n from_o who_o it_o can_v be_v rational_o expect_v that_o that_o kingdom_n shall_v receive_v a_o mutation_n of_o their_o etc._n their_o mr._n sâ—ene_v under_o the_o title_n of_o scotia_n say_v that_o king_n david_n 〈◊〉_d first_o in_o the_o three_o zier_n of_o his_o reight_fw-mi ann_n dom._n 1126._o be_v his_o charter_n maid_n omnibus_fw-la scott_n &_o anglis_fw-la tam_fw-la in_o scotia_n quam_fw-la in_o lodoneio_fw-la constitutis_fw-la give_v to_o st._n cuthbert_n and_o his_o moâ—ks_n in_o durhâ—m_n the_o laod_n of_o coldingham_n etc._n etc._n language_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v fix_v it_o upon_o a_o greater-probability_n speed_z say_v that_o hengist_n send_v for_o octa_n and_o ebissa_n two_o principal_a captain_n among_o the_o saxon_n in_o germany_n who_o be_v embark_v in_o forty_o pinnace_n sail_v about_o the_o pict_n coast_n waste_v the_o isle_n of_o orcades_n and_o get_v many_o country_n beyond_o the_o trith_n yet_o this_o be_v not_o a_o settlement_n for_o that_o it_o be_v not_o probable_a they_o fix_v here_o at_o this_o time_n again_o they_o have_v much_o war_n with_o the_o saxon_n when_o the_o kingdom_n of_o northumberland_n be_v plant_v in_o their_o neighbourhood_n which_o may_v possible_o afford_v some_o small_a knowledge_n of_o the_o language_n one_o to_o the_o other_o but_o not_o enough_o to_o confine_v the_o scottish_a tongue_n within_o the_o mountain_n and_o highland_n of_o scotland_n what_o i_o find_v in_o the_o scottish_a history_n write_v by_o john_n lesley_n bishop_n of_o rosse_n a_o person_n of_o great_a repute_n be_v ambassador_n for_o mary_n queen_n of_o scot_n in_o the_o court_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n in_o england_n who_o book_n be_v print_v at_o rome_n in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1578._o be_v that_o out_o of_o which_o i_o shall_v collect_v this_o ensue_a discourse_n kenneth_n the_o 69_o king_n of_o scot_n who_o flourish_v about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 840._o defeat_a the_o pict_n near_o storling_n and_o improve_n his_o victory_n into_o northumberland_n prosecute_v they_o with_o fire_n and_o sword_n so_o close_o that_o you_o shall_v have_v it_o in_o his_o own_o word_n omnes_fw-la incolas_fw-la promiscuè_fw-fr nulla_fw-la sexus_fw-la habita_fw-la ratione_fw-la obtruncat_fw-la &_o picticum_fw-la nomen_fw-la propè_fw-la extinxit_fw-la qui_fw-la autem_fw-la evasere_fw-la in_fw-la daniam_fw-la norvegiamuè_fw-la alii_fw-la in_o northumbriam_a se_fw-la abdiderant_fw-la and_o present_o after_o conclude_v sic_fw-la pictorum_fw-la gens_n post_fw-la centesimum_fw-la supra_fw-la millesimum_fw-la ex_fw-la quo_fw-la in_o albionem_fw-la venerat_fw-la annum_fw-la tantum_fw-la non_fw-la deleta_fw-la est_fw-la here_o we_o find_v the_o pictish_a nation_n in_o scotland_n almost_o expire_v who_o have_v very_o long_o before_o this_o be_v intruder_n into_o this_o part_n of_o the_o island_n and_o during_o this_o king_n life_n those_o land_n upon_o which_o they_o have_v live_v be_v re-occupied_n by_o the_o old_a irish_a or_o british_a inhabitant_n of_o the_o hill_n who_o be_v constrain_v to_o live_v in_o those_o mountain_n and_o fastness_n during_o the_o time_n the_o pict_n keep_v possession_n of_o the_o lowland_n and_o at_o that_o time_n the_o scot_n change_v the_o name_n of_o those_o region_n give_v unto_o they_o by_o the_o pict_n and_o their_o prince_n into_o other_o different_a appellation_n but_o kenneth_n die_v in_o the_o twenty_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n and_o in_o the_o 855._o year_n of_o christ_n to_o he_o succeed_v donald_n the_o five_o who_o be_v say_v to_o be_v germanus_n kennethi_fw-la for_o buchanan_n observe_v that_o the_o custom_n of_o scotland_n then_o be_v if_o the_o son_n of_o the_o decease_a king_n be_v aetatis_fw-la be_v minoris_fw-la aetatis_fw-la under_o age_n they_o elect_v the_o most_o age_a and_o great_a experience_v of_o that_o king_n line_n to_o be_v their_o prince_n so_o that_o this_o donald_n be_v choose_v into_o the_o marble-chair_n which_o kenneth_n his_o predecesser_n have_v bring_v from_o argile_n and_o place_v in_o scone_n the_o same_o that_o at_o this_o present_a remain_v as_o a_o relic_n and_o a_o trophy_n in_o the_o abbey_n of_o westminster_n donald_n prove_v very_o offeminate_a and_o vicious_a and_o puff_v up_o with_o his_o felicity_n so_o over-flowed_n with_o vice_n that_o he_o by_o they_o give_v the_o opportunity_n and_o occasion_n of_o the_o ruin_n of_o that_o which_o kenneth_n by_o his_o valour_n have_v achieve_v the_o pict_n who_o all_o this_o while_n lie_v close_o in_o northumberland_n understand_v his_o carelessness_n and_o looseness_n istam_fw-la suae_fw-la libertatis_fw-la asserendae_fw-la occasionem_fw-la arripientes_fw-la say_v the_o bishop_n cum_fw-la auxiliaribus_fw-la saxonum_n &_o britannorum_fw-la in_o scotiam_fw-la irrumpunt_fw-la donaldus_n collecto_fw-la exercitu_fw-la hostibus_fw-la prope_fw-la jedburgum_n occurrit_fw-la initoque_fw-la prelio_fw-la illos_fw-la in_o fugam_fw-la compulit_fw-la rex_fw-la nostrique_fw-la milites_fw-la victoria_fw-la infolentes_fw-la â—cctem_fw-la sequentem_fw-la sine_fw-la excubiis_fw-la supiâ—t_fw-la sine_fw-la ordine_fw-la sparsi_fw-la sine_fw-la disciplina_fw-la negligentes_fw-la sine_fw-la timore_fw-la stulti_fw-la in_fw-la luxu_fw-la &_o compotationibus_fw-la consumunt_fw-la hostess_fw-la de_fw-la hac_fw-la re_fw-mi certioâ—_n factus_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la omnem_fw-la occasionem_fw-la intentus_fw-la illos_fw-la media_fw-la nocte_fw-la somno_fw-la vinoque_fw-la sepulâ—os_fw-la opprimit_fw-la interfectisque_fw-la circiter_fw-la viginti_fw-la millibus_fw-la ipsum_fw-la donaldum_n cum_fw-la nobilibus_fw-la domum_fw-la captivum_fw-la ducit_fw-la denaldus_n ut_fw-la se_fw-la in_o libertatem_fw-la assererel_n omnem_fw-la regionem_fw-la inter_fw-la strivelingum_n &_o cludam_fw-la amnem_fw-la inte_fw-mi jectam_fw-la britannis_fw-la &_o saxonibus_fw-la dedidit_fw-la annuaeque_fw-la pecuniae_fw-la tributi_fw-la nomine_fw-la pendendae_fw-la conditione_n seize_v astr_v it_o here_o i_o observe_v that_o this_o losâ—_n that_o donald_n receive_v give_v opportunity_n to_o the_o britain_n and_o saxon_n their_o plant_n themselves_o in_o the_o lowland_n the_o scot_n be_v reforce_v into_o the_o highland_n but_o concern_v the_o limit_n and_o bound_n betwixt_o these_o and_o the_o scot_n he_o give_v we_o a_o particular_a account_n and_o show_v in_o what_o part_n the_o one_o inhabit_v and_o in_o what_o part_n the_o other_o and_o inform_v we_o that_o these_o angli-saxones_n in_o huius_fw-la pugnae_fw-la memoriam_fw-la strivelingi_n arcem_fw-la prius_fw-la dirutam_fw-la iterum_fw-la extruxerunt_fw-la fortheam_n quoque_fw-la ponte_fw-la munierunt_fw-la quopostea_fw-la in_o loco_fw-la crucem_fw-la tanquam_fw-la victoriae_fw-la signum_fw-la sustulerunt_fw-la cvi_fw-la two_o versus_fw-la aetatem_fw-la illam_fw-la satis_fw-la redolentes_fw-la affabrè_fw-la insculpti_fw-la sunt_fw-la angelo_fw-mi los_fw-es à _fw-la stotis_fw-la separat_fw-la crux_fw-la ista_fw-la remote_a be_v arma_fw-la hic_fw-la stant_fw-la brutti_n stant_fw-la scoti_n sub_fw-la hac_fw-la cruse_n tuti_fw-la interea_fw-la picti_n qui_fw-la scoticae_fw-la cladis_fw-la auctores_fw-la fuerant_fw-la tota_fw-la albione_fw-la à _fw-la saxonibus_fw-la praecipites_fw-la ejiciuntur_fw-la and_o to_o this_o buchanan_n add_v that_o durae_fw-la conditione_n praepositae_fw-la quas_fw-la tamen_fw-la praesens_fw-la rerum_fw-la status_fw-la tolerabiles_fw-la faciebat_fw-la vidert_fw-ge ut_fw-la omni_fw-la agro_fw-la qui_fw-la inter_fw-la vallum_fw-la severi_n esset_fw-la scoti_n cederent_fw-la
three_o particular_a say_v at_o that_o time_n to_o be_v much_o alter_v and_o that_o be_v our_o fashion_n of_o which_o i_o can_v say_v much_o and_o less_o if_o i_o be_v to_o speak_v of_o our_o fashion_n now_o a_o day_n consider_v how_o much_o we_o be_v become_v the_o frenchman_n ape_n but_o yet_o i_o know_v not_o whether_o a_o serious_a observer_n can_v find_v by_o any_o probable_a record_n or_o by_o the_o observation_n of_o ancient_a monument_n any_o such_o alteration_n of_o fashion_n as_o be_v here_o affirm_v the_o same_o manner_n and_o form_n describe_v to_o be_v then_o in_o use_n continue_v many_o year_n after_o if_o any_o thing_n may_v be_v collect_v from_o those_o habit_n express_v in_o the_o monumental_a effigy_n of_o several_a person_n of_o those_o age_n another_o alteration_n say_v to_o have_v happen_v be_v of_o our_o language_n concern_v which_o mr._n daniel_n have_v not_o without_o need_n make_v a_o retractation_n and_o say_v that_o the_o body_n of_o our_o language_n remain_v in_o the_o saxon_a yet_o it_o come_v so_o alter_v in_o the_o habit_n of_o the_o french_a tongue_n as_o now_o we_o hardly_o know_v it_o in_o the_o ancient_a form_n it_o have_v and_o not_o so_o much_o as_o the_o character_n wherein_o it_o be_v write_v but_o be_v alter_v to_o that_o of_o the_o roman_a and_o french_a now_o use_v i_o know_v not_o what_o habit_n he_o mean_v but_o this_o i_o can_v affirm_v that_o our_o language_n have_v in_o it_o little_a of_o the_o french_a from_o the_o norman_a conquest_n but_o continue_v as_o the_o norman_n find_v it_o abate_v only_o such_o change_n and_o refinement_n as_o language_n receive_v in_o the_o like_a space_n of_o time_n there_o be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v so_o much_o in_o the_o english_a as_o the_o very_a french_a itself_o from_o its_o self_n without_o any_o such_o violent_a impression_n as_o this_o conquest_n may_v seem_v to_o enforce_v and_o i_o will_v desire_v of_o any_o one_o that_o have_v observe_v the_o gradual_a decay_n of_o our_o 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already_o to_o show_v my_o diffent_n to_o his_o opinion_n and_o it_o be_v so_o large_a in_o the_o affirmative_a i_o dare_v not_o enter_v into_o the_o discourse_n of_o it_o for_o dolus_fw-la latet_fw-la in_o universalibus_fw-la and_o it_o will_v take_v up_o too_o much_o time_n but_o to_o return_v to_o these_o three_o first_o particular_n now_o ennumerate_v i_o say_v that_o probable_o in_o they_o there_o may_v be_v some_o alteration_n for_o i_o will_v not_o be_v think_v so_o opiniative_a to_o believe_v the_o english_a be_v so_o tenacious_a of_o their_o own_o form_n and_o mode_n as_o not_o to_o relinquish_v they_o for_o better_a they_o take_v up_o afterward_o new_a form_n of_o fight_n and_o come_v not_o short_a of_o the_o norman_n either_o in_o valour_n or_o renown_n in_o the_o use_n thereof_o but_o to_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o form_n use_v by_o the_o norman_n and_o saxon_n i_o leave_v the_o reader_n to_o the_o description_n of_o that_o most_o remarkable_a battle_n betwixt_o 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their_o danish_a turmoil_n that_o like_o as_o the_o britain_n make_v use_n of_o they_o and_o their_o ancestor_n against_o the_o pict_n so_o now_o these_o saxon_n make_v use_n of_o the_o norman_n against_o the_o britain_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o their_o welsh_a border_n of_o who_o a_o considerable_a party_n lie_v in_o garrison_n in_o hereford_n and_o be_v after_z william_n the_o conqueror_n have_v be_v here_o above_o a_o year_n hard_o put_v to_o it_o under_o the_o government_n of_o scrâp_n as_o he_o be_v name_v in_o domesdey_n by_o edricus_n silvaticus_n or_o savage_a lord_n of_o wigmore_n who_o at_o last_o be_v take_v by_o radulfe_n de_fw-fr mortuomari_n his_o land_n be_v by_o the_o king_n for_o this_o great_a service_n bestow_v upon_o the_o say_v radulfe_n these_o norman_n which_o i_o suppose_v be_v introduce_v by_o edward_n the_o confessor_n the_o conqueror_n take_v care_n of_o in_o a_o provisional_n law_n which_o carry_v this_o title_n before_o it_o de_fw-fr jure_fw-la normannorum_fw-la qui_fw-la ante_fw-la adventum_fw-la guilielmi_n cives_fw-la fuerant_fw-la anglicani_n where_o in_o the_o body_n thereof_o it_o be_v that_o omnis_fw-la francigena_n qui_fw-la tempore_fw-la edwardi_fw-la propinqui_fw-la nostri_fw-la fuit_fw-la in_o anglia_fw-it particeps_fw-la consuetudinum_fw-la anglorum_fw-la quod_fw-la ipsi_fw-la dicunt_fw-la anhlote_n &_o anscote_n i.e._n scot_n and_o lot_n as_o we_o call_v it_o persolvat_fw-la secundùm_fw-la legem_fw-la anglorum_fw-la but_o this_o be_v not_o altogether_o so_o strange_a if_o we_o consider_v the_o warlike_a disposition_n of_o the_o norman_n in_o that_o age_n in_o continual_a turmoil_n with_o the_o french_a and_o the_o relation_n king_n edward_n have_v to_o normandy_n their_o fortification_n be_v not_o of_o any_o great_a variety_n delight_n judge_v dodaridge_n in_o his_o treatise_n of_o nobllity_n p._n 118._o write_v of_o knight_n their_o dispose_n of_o their_o estate_n in_o those_o elder_a time_n say_v for_o they_o do_v thus_o