lord_n or_o peer_n of_o parliament_n and_o that_o the_o rest_n be_v the_o lesser_a or_o low_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la sometime_o style_v barones_n minores_fw-la be_v for_o some_o time_n before_o this_o summon_v by_o general_a writ_n direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n or_o bailiff_n as_o appear_v by_o king_n john_n magna_fw-la charta_fw-la 18._o now_o whether_o these_o man_n be_v ever_o real_o peer_n or_o not_o i_o have_v reason_n to_o doubt_v since_o i_o do_v not_o find_v but_o it_o be_v they_o alone_a who_o for_o some_o year_n after_o the_o conquest_n serve_v upon_o jury_n in_o county_n court_n and_o dispatch_v all_o the_o public_a business_n of_o the_o country_n which_o be_v then_o as_o at_o this_o day_n a_o drudgery_n beneath_o the_o peer_n to_o perform_v and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v not_o insist_v upon_o it_o but_o thus_o much_o i_o think_v be_v certain_a that_o they_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o person_n much_o above_o any_o other_o layman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n since_o they_o hold_v their_o estate_n immediate_o from_o the_o king_n and_o be_v so_o considerable_a as_o that_o by_o the_o constitution_n of_o clarendon_n they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v excommunicate_v without_o the_o king_n leave_n and_o so_o be_v then_o in_o some_o sort_n of_o the_o same_o order_n ratione_fw-la tenurae_fw-la with_o the_o great_a baron_n or_o peer_n be_v common_o style_v barones_n and_o make_v up_o but_o one_o estate_n or_o order_n of_o layman_n in_o parliament_n and_o from_o thence_o i_o suppose_v proceed_v that_o common_a error_n of_o sir_n ed._n coke_n that_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o do_v ancient_o sit_v together_o and_o make_v but_o one_o house_n now_o if_o you_o have_v any_o thing_n to_o object_n against_o this_o notion_n pray_v let_v i_o hear_v it_o f._n i_o think_v you_o and_o i_o be_v come_v pretty_a near_o a_o issue_n in_o this_o question_n for_o you_o confess_v that_o these_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o who_o you_o comprise_v under_o the_o word_n barones_n be_v not_o true_o and_o proper_o baron_n and_o so_o far_o you_o be_v in_o the_o right_n but_o yet_o you_o will_v have_v they_o to_o be_v somewhat_o more_o than_o mere_a commoner_n as_o if_o there_o have_v be_v some_o degree_n or_o order_n of_o man_n in_o england_n in_o those_o time_n who_o be_v neither_o lord_n nor_o commons_o but_o a_o amphibious_a race_n between_o both_o but_o to_o prove_v that_o they_o be_v indeed_o no_o more_o than_o commoner_n and_o not_o lord_n nor_o peeâ—s_n at_o all_o nor_o equal_a with_o they_o we_o need_v go_v no_o far_o than_o their_o way_n of_o trial_n in_o case_n of_o treason_n or_o felony_n which_o be_v by_o mere_a commoner_n who_o be_v not_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o well_o as_o those_o that_o be_v so_o that_o a_o person_n who_o be_v no_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o may_v serve_v upon_o a_o jury_n of_o life_n and_o death_n upon_o they_o and_o as_o well_o as_o the_o dr._n in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n as_o you_o assert_v that_o they_o only_o serve_v in_o the_o country_n upon_o all_o jury_n and_o that_o before_o the_o time_n of_o king_n john_n so_o after_o all_o this_o noise_n of_o none_o but_o lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la appear_v for_o the_o whole_a commons_o of_o england_n we_o find_v by_o your_o own_o show_v that_o three_o part_n in_o four_o of_o the_o lay_v member_n of_o that_o council_n be_v as_o mere_a commoner_n as_o our_o knight_n of_o shire_n and_o baron_n of_o the_o five_o port_n at_o this_o day_n nor_o can_v i_o see_v any_o reason_n why_o these_o latter_a may_v not_o be_v as_o well_o comprehend_v under_o the_o word_n barones_n as_o the_o former_a who_o be_v mere_a commoner_n likewise_o if_o we_o consider_v that_o it_o be_v neither_o nobility_n nor_o birth_n nor_o the_o king_n writ_n of_o summons_n but_o only_o the_o mere_a tenure_n of_o their_o land_n that_o give_v they_o a_o particular_a right_n to_o a_o place_n in_o that_o assembly_n in_o those_o age_n or_o if_o a_o mere_a citizen_n can_v get_v money_n enough_o to_o purchase_v such_o a_o estate_n in_o capite_fw-la he_o be_v as_o good_a a_o member_n of_o parllament_n as_o the_o best_a of_o they_o all_o so_o that_o the_o question_n than_o amount_v to_o no_o more_o than_o this_o whether_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n be_v then_o represent_v by_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o by_o knight_n of_o shire_n and_o other_o as_o they_o be_v now_o but_o since_o you_o will_v have_v none_o commoner_n but_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la to_o have_v have_v place_n therein_o pray_v tell_v i_o whether_o you_o allow_v that_o privilege_n to_o all_o who_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la or_o not_o m._n yes_o i_o allow_v it_o to_o all_o who_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la by_o knight_n service_n and_o who_o also_o enjoy_v a_o whole_a knight_n fee_n or_o so_o much_o as_o be_v sufficient_a to_o render_v they_o able_a to_o sustain_v the_o dignity_n of_o that_o place_n not_o but_o that_o the_o king_n have_v also_o a_o prerogative_n of_o summon_v or_o omit_v who_o of_o they_o he_o please_v to_o his_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n till_o the_o less_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la think_v it_o a_o wrong_n to_o they_o it_o be_v provide_v by_o king_n john_n charter_n that_o all_o of_o they_o shall_v be_v summon_v by_o one_o general_n write_v of_o summons_n direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n but_o i_o exclude_v from_o this_o council_n all_o tenant_n by_o petit_n serjeanty_n who_o tho_o it_o be_v true_a hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la yet_o be_v it_o not_o by_o knight_n service_n so_o likewise_o i_o exclude_v all_o city_n and_o town_n though_o the_o citizen_n or_o burgess_n of_o divers_a of_o they_o hold_v their_o land_n and_o tenement_n by_o that_o tenure_n since_o be_v neither_o noble_a by_o blood_n nor_o have_v estate_n sufficient_a to_o maintain_v the_o port_n of_o a_o gentleman_n or_o knight_n they_o have_v no_o right_a to_o appear_v there_o in_o person_n among_o the_o other_o tenant_n who_o be_v owner_n of_o one_o or_o more_o knight_n fe_n yet_o do_v i_o not_o affirm_v that_o the_o commons_o be_v not_o after_o some_o sort_n represent_v in_o parliament_n by_o their_o superior_a lord_n deim_fw-ge though_o not_o as_o commoner_n since_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o other_o baron_n do_v then_o make_v law_n and_o give_v tax_n not_o only_o for_o themselves_o but_o their_o feudatory_a tenant_n also_o though_o of_o never_o so_o great_a estate_n and_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v then_o look_v upon_o as_o the_o only_a true_a freehold_a of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o tenant_n by_o it_o as_o the_o only_a true_a freeholder_n f._n i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o and_o by_o the_o falsity_n of_o this_o notion_n but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n pray_v tell_v i_o when_o a_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n be_v call_v who_o represent_v those_o person_n who_o you_o say_v do_v not_o appear_v there_o and_o make_v general_a law_n and_o grant_v general_n tax_n for_o themselves_o and_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n when_o there_o be_v occasion_n for_o i_o see_v you_o shut_v out_o the_o great_a part_n even_o of_o these_o your_o true_a freeholder_n from_o this_o assembly_n m._n as_o for_o the_o tenant_n in_o petit_n serjeanty_n i_o at_o present_a conceive_v though_o i_o be_o not_o sure_a of_o it_o that_o many_o of_o they_o may_v hold_v land_n and_o perhaps_o divers_a knight_n fee_n by_o grand_a serjeanty_n or_o knight_n service_n also_o since_o those_o estate_n which_o be_v give_v by_o the_o conqueror_n to_o his_o servant_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o he_o by_o such_o and_o such_o petit_fw-fr service_n may_v in_o process_n of_o time_n fall_v by_o purchase_n or_o descent_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o such_o great_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o have_v sufficient_a estate_n to_o maintain_v that_o dignity_n and_o as_o for_o the_o rest_n they_o may_v for_o aught_o as_o i_o know_v before_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la have_v be_v tax_v by_o the_o king_n writ_n according_a to_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o knight_n fee_n or_o part_n of_o knight_n fee_n which_o they_o then_o hold_v and_o according_a to_o the_o rate_n of_o the_o sum_v impose_v in_o parliament_n either_o by_o way_n of_o aid_n upon_o every_o knight_n fee_n or_o else_o by_o way_n of_o subsidy_n by_o so_o much_o a_o yard_n or_o plough_v land_n throughout_o all_o england_n which_o have_v be_v the_o only_a way_n of_o tax_v ever_o since_o that_o of_o knight_n fee_n have_v be_v disuse_v f._n then_o i_o find_v after_o all_o you_o have_v say_v that_o scarce_o half_a your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v any_o vote_n in_o prrliament_n either_o by_o themselves_o or_o their_o representative_n and_o so_o have_v law_n make_v for_o they_o and_o be_v tax_v at_o the_o king_n will_n be_v as_o
praesentibus_fw-la clero_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la cum_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la regionis_fw-la which_o pray_v let_v we_o put_v into_o english_a and_o see_v if_o it_o will_v not_o prove_v what_o i_o say_v viz._n the_o clergy_n and_o people_n be_v present_a with_o the_o great_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n now_o if_o the_o word_n magnate_v as_o you_o affirm_v do_v then_o comprehend_v all_o the_o baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la to_o what_o purpose_n be_v the_o word_n people_n put_v here_o as_o a_o distinct_a member_n of_o this_o parliament_n but_o to_o show_v you_o father_n that_o this_o word_n populus_fw-la be_v not_o always_o to_o be_v understand_v for_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o laic_n but_o lord_n and_o knight_n of_o shire_n 〈◊〉_d shall_v show_v you_o out_o of_o walsingham_n anno_fw-la 1297._o 24_o edw._n i._o where_o he_o mention_n a_o parliament_n hold_v at_o st._n edmundsbury_n in_o quo_fw-la a_o civitatibus_fw-la &_o burgis_fw-la concessa_fw-la est_fw-la regâ—_n octava_fw-la a_o populo_fw-la vero_fw-la reliquo_fw-la dvodecima_fw-la pars_fw-la bonorum_fw-la where_o by_o populus_fw-la 〈◊〉_d not_o only_o mean_v the_o peer_n but_o knight_n of_o shire_n or_o grands_fw-fr des_fw-fr 〈◊〉_d also_o m._n i_o be_o not_o prepare_v at_o present_a to_o answer_v all_o the_o query_n and_o difficulty_n that_o you_o can_v make_v or_o raise_v against_o the_o dr.'s_n argument_n yet_o i_o think_v i_o be_o able_a to_o give_v you_o a_o very_a satisfactory_a answer_n why_o all_o tenant_n in_o soccage_n shall_v be_v bounâ—_n by_o the_o act_n of_o those_o of_o who_o they_o hold_v their_o estate_n for_o since_o as_o i_o have_v a_o ready_a prove_v all_o the_o land_n in_o england_n except_o what_o belong_v to_o religious_a house_n be_v grant_v out_o by_o king_n william_n the_o conqueror_n to_o be_v hold_v in_o capite_fw-la by_o knight_n service_n and_o be_v again_o grant_v out_o by_o these_o head-tenant_n to_o their_o feudatory_a oâ—_n mesne_n tenant_n by_o the_o like_a service_n there_o be_v very_o few_o land_n grant_v in_o free_a soccage_n at_o the_o first_o and_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o in_o process_n of_o time_n maâ—_n of_o those_o estate_n and_o land_n become_v free_a tenement_n i._n or_o be_v hold_v in_o soccage_n that_o be_v be_v freehold_n yet_o the_o lord_n still_o retaiâ—_n the_o homage_n which_o in_o the_o time_n we_o speak_v of_o be_v no_o idle_a insignificant_a word_n and_o by_o that_o a_o dominion_n over_o the_o estate_n whereby_o upon_o disobedience_n treachery_n or_o injury_n do_v to_o the_o lord_n the_o land_n be_v forfeit_v to_o they_o and_o theâ—_n neither_o the_o land_n nor_o the_o tenant_n to_o they_o which_o be_v term_v freeholderâ—_n be_v subject_a to_o any_o base_a service_n or_o servile_a work_n yet_o the_o lord_n have_v still_o great_a power_n over_o these_o tenant_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o do_v homage_n to_o they_o 〈◊〉_d â—o_o nominè_fw-la their_o land_n be_v many_o way_n liable_a to_o forfeiture_n and_o therefore_o it_o waâ—_n but_o reason_n that_o the_o chief_a lord_n be_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v conclude_v that_o tenant_n in_o soccage_n also_o and_o both_o make_v law_n and_o give_v tax_n for_o they_o without_o their_o be_v at_o all_o privy_a to_o it_o but_o admit_v i_o grant_v that_o before_o 49th_o 〈◊〉_d there_o be_v in_o some_o sense_n commons_o in_o parliament_n though_o not_o as_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n choose_v by_o the_o common_a people_n as_o their_o representative_n yet_o 〈◊〉_d it_o not_o destroy_v i_o or_o the_o dr.'s_n assertion_n who_o in_o the_o introduction_n before_o the_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n only_o affirm_v that_o before_o the_o 49th_o aforesaid_a the_o body_n of_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n or_o ordinary_a freeman_n as_o now_o understand_v or_o as_o we_o now_o call_v they_o collective_o take_v etc._n etc._n have_v any_o share_n or_o vote_n in_o make_v law_n unless_o as_o they_o be_v 〈◊〉_d present_v by_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la f._n 82._o be_v it_o so_o but_o i_o be_o sure_a in_o many_o place_n of_o the_o dr_n booâ—_n he_o absolute_o deny_v that_o there_o be_v any_o commons_o in_o parliament_n till_o the_o time_n he_o assign_v but_o as_o for_o what_o you_o allege_v in_o answer_n to_o my_o query_n how_o tenant_n in_o soccage_n can_v have_v law_n make_v for_o they_o and_o tax_n lay_v upon_o they_o 〈◊〉_d â—heir_a lord_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la your_o answer_n be_v whole_o ground_v upon_o mistake_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n king_n william_n do_v not_o grant_v all_o the_o land_n in_o england_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o he_o by_o knight_n service_n since_o as_o i_o shall_v prove_v hereafter_o there_o be_v many_o subordinate_a tenant_n to_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o other_o great_a lord_n who_o never_o forfeit_v their_o estate_n at_o all_o nor_o be_v disseize_v of_o they_o by_o your_o conqueror_n â—ad_a who_o have_v also_o great_a number_n of_o considerable_a freeholder_n under_o they_o as_o in_o 〈◊〉_d at_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o land_n be_v gavelkind_a which_o be_v soccage_n teâ—re_o in_o the_o next_o place_n neither_o be_v all_o the_o land_n he_o bestow_v upon_o his_o follower_n grant_v to_o be_v hold_v by_o knight_n service_n since_o you_o your_o seâ—f_n own_o that_o a_o great_a deal_n â—land_n be_v give_v by_o he_o to_o his_o inferior_a servant_n to_o be_v hold_v by_o petit_n serjeanty_n and_o beside_o this_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o other_o land_n be_v regranted_a by_o that_o king_n himself_o 〈◊〉_d some_o of_o those_o old_a proprietor_n who_o have_v be_v dispossess_v to_o be_v hold_v in_o soccage_n be_v appear_v from_o fleta_n 8._o who_o speak_v of_o these_o sort_n of_o man_n say_v express_o in_o 〈◊〉_d maneriis_fw-la seilicet_fw-la regis_fw-la erant_fw-la liberi_fw-la hemines_n labâ—ri_fw-la tenentes_fw-la quorum_fw-la quidaâ—i_fw-la 〈◊〉_d per_fw-la potentiores_fw-la a_o tenementis_fw-la fuerant_fw-la ejecti_fw-la eadem_fw-la post_fw-la modum_fw-la in_o villenagium_fw-la tenenâ—â—_fw-la resempserunt_fw-la &_o quia_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la cultores_fw-la regis_fw-la esse_fw-la dâ—gnoscuntur_fw-la provisa_fw-la 〈◊〉_d quiet_n ne_fw-la sectas_fw-la facerent_fw-la ad_fw-la comitatum_fw-la well_fw-mi hundredum_fw-la &c_n &c_n quorâ—m_fw-la â—â—gregationem_fw-la tunc_fw-la soccam_fw-la appellarent_fw-la hinc_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la sokemanni_n body_n dicunâ—â—_n etc._n etc._n where_o you_o may_v see_v that_o these_o socman_n or_o soccager_n be_v then_o create_v by_o a_o â—ew_a tenure_n from_o this_o king_n nor_o do_v all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la grant_v their_o land_n â—o_o other_o to_o be_v hold_v by_o knight_n service_n since_o they_o as_o well_o as_o the_o king_n do_v at_o first_o 〈◊〉_d also_o in_o process_n of_o time_n grant_v land_n to_o the_o old_a english_a proprietor_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o â—â—em_n in_o soccage_n nor_o be_v homage_n the_o proper_a or_o only_a badge_n of_o soccage_n tenure_n but_o â—ealty_n unless_o the_o land_n have_v be_v hold_v by_o knight_n service_n at_o first_o as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o littleton_n 2d_o book_n sect._n 118._o nor_o do_v this_o soccage_n tenure_n give_v the_o lord_n any_o more_o right_a over_o his_o tenant_n estate_n to_o tax_v he_o de_fw-fr alto_fw-mi &_o bâ—sso_fw-la at_o his_o will_n by_o â—eason_n of_o the_o subjection_n he_o be_v in_o to_o the_o lord_n in_o respect_n of_o forfeiture_n since_o â—hen_o the_o king_n shall_v have_v have_v for_o the_o same_o reason_n the_o same_o right_n over_o all_o his_o 〈◊〉_d in_o capite_fw-la to_o tax_v they_o likewise_o at_o his_o pleasure_n and_o this_o right_n of_o forfeiâ—â—â—_n in_o case_n of_o felony_n or_o for_o want_n of_o heir_n continue_v to_o the_o lord_n as_o well_o of_o soccage_n tenant_n as_o other_o long_o after_o the_o time_n you_o assign_v for_o the_o come_n of_o the_o commons_o to_o parliament_n even_o to_o our_o own_o time_n and_o yet_o for_o all_o that_o those_o lord_n can_v not_o give_v tax_n for_o such_o tenant_n in_o soccage_n at_o their_o pleasure_n but_o that_o we_o may_v proceed_v pray_v consider_v also_o the_o form_n of_o the_o peace_n agree_v upon_o between_o the_o king_n the_o prince_n his_o son_n and_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n assemble_v in_o parliament_n to_o compose_v all_o difference_n between_o the_o king_n and_o the_o â—arons_n the_o title_n of_o which_o in_o the_o record_n be_v thus_o haec_fw-la est_fw-la forma_fw-la 〈◊〉_d a_o domino_fw-la rege_fw-la &_o domino_fw-la edwardo_n filio_fw-la svo_fw-la dorso_fw-la praelatis_fw-la &_o proceriâ—â—â—â—â—â—â—ibus_fw-la cum_fw-la communitate_fw-la totâ_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la communitèr_fw-la &_o conâ—â—â—ditèr_fw-la approbata_fw-la which_o article_n be_v sign_v by_o the_o bishop_n of_o lincoln_n the_o bishop_n of_o ely_n earl_n of_o norfolk_n earl_n of_o oxon_n humphrey_n bohun_n william_n de_fw-fr monte_fw-fr canisio_n &_o majore_fw-la london_n in_o parliamento_fw-la london_n mensae_fw-la junii_fw-la anno_fw-la domini_fw-la 1264._o haec_fw-la autem_fw-la â—rimatio_fw-la facta_fw-la est_fw-la london_n de_fw-fr consensu_fw-la
confer_v any_o new_a right_n or_o privilege_n upon_o freeholder_n of_o 40_o s._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la to_o give_v their_o voice_n at_o such_o election_n as_o you_o suppose_v but_o only_o take_v away_o the_o right_n which_o the_o small_a freeholder_n of_o under_o 40_o s_o per_fw-la annum_fw-la whether_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o not_o have_v before_o and_o restrain_v it_o only_o to_o such_o as_o shall_v have_v land_n or_o tenement_n to_o the_o vaâ—â—_n of_o 40_o s._n by_o year_n above_o all_o charge_n and_o it_o be_v yet_o a_o much_o great_a mistake_n to_o suppose_v as_o your_o dr._n do_v that_o this_o statute_n of_o 8_o the_o hen._n vi_o be_v at_o all_o alter_v by_o that_o of_o the_o 10_o the_o of_o this_o king_n which_o be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o explanation_n of_o it_o viz._n that_o by_o 40_o s._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la be_v mean_v 40_o s._n freehold_n and_o that_o of_o land_n lie_v within_o the_o county_n where_o the_o election_n shall_v be_v make_v so_o that_o nothing_o can_v prove_v more_o express_o that_o all_o freeholder_n as_o well_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o by_o any_o other_o tenure_n be_v all_o alike_o capable_a of_o election_n and_o be_v elect_v by_o the_o ancient_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o england_n long_o before_o those_o statute_n and_o consequent_o be_v all_o alike_a freeholder_n in_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o law_n but_o if_o you_o have_v nothing_o at_o present_a to_o object_v against_o what_o i_o have_v now_o say_v pray_v pursue_v the_o method_n you_o have_v undertake_v and_o let_v i_o see_v those_o convince_a proof_n you_o so_o much_o rely_v upon_o and_o which_o you_o hope_v may_v also_o serve_v to_o convert_v i_o m._n before_o i_o undertake_v this_o task_n pray_v permit_v i_o to_o give_v you_o my_o opinion_n in_o answer_n to_o the_o difficulty_n you_o have_v now_o propose_v which_o i_o confess_v seem_v to_o carry_v some_o weight_n with_o it_o but_o those_o prejudices_fw-la will_v soon_o vanish_v when_o we_o consider_v that_o the_o first_o time_n this_o alteration_n be_v practise_v it_o be_v do_v in_o the_o king_n name_n though_o by_o the_o absolute_a power_n of_o simon_n mountfort_n in_o the_o 49th_o hen_n iii_o and_o after_o a_o discontinuance_n of_o above_o twenty_o year_n be_v again_o renew_v by_o edw._n i._n at_o the_o desire_n of_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n as_o i_o hope_v i_o shall_v show_v you_o before_o we_o have_v finish_v our_o conversation_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v first_o do_v by_o the_o king_n be_v absolute_a power_n and_o after_o with_o the_o general_a consent_n of_o the_o lord_n there_o need_v no_o statute_n to_o introduce_v it_o any_o more_o than_o there_o be_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o william_n the_o conqueror_n to_o give_v the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n that_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n place_n in_o parliament_n among_o the_o temporal_a lord_n and_o to_o bring_v their_o land_n which_o be_v hold_v before_o in_o franc_n almoigne_z under_o the_o yoke_n of_o military_a service_n but_o to_o proceed_v in_o the_o design_n i_o have_v undertake_v it_o be_v necessary_a that_o i_o show_v you_o first_o of_o all_o who_o be_v those_o freeman_n or_o freeholder_n proper_o so_o call_v upon_o who_o the_o whole_a burden_n of_o the_o subordinate_a government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n chief_o rely_v and_o who_o then_o constitute_v the_o legal_a university_n or_o community_n thereof_o immediate_o after_o the_o norman_a conquest_n and_o during_o many_o king_n reign_n after_o that_o time_n i_o suppose_v you_o be_v not_o ignorant_a that_o king_n william_n the_o conqueror_n have_v out_v all_o the_o english_a nobility_n and_o gentry_n of_o their_o estate_n give_v they_o away_o to_o his_o french_a and_o norman_a follower_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o he_o and_o his_o successor_n in_o capite_fw-la either_o by_o knight_n service_n or_o petit_fw-fr serjeanty_n reserve_v to_o himself_o the_o ancient_a demesne_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o add_v more_o thereunto_o for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o royal_a dignity_n and_o for_o this_o i_o need_v refer_v you_o to_o no_o better_a author_n than_o doomsday_n book_n itself_o and_o then_o after_o he_o have_v thus_o distribute_v the_o land_n of_o england_n as_o aforesaid_a he_o compose_v a_o body_n of_o law_n still_o extant_a and_o which_o be_v in_o great_a part_n addition_n to_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o king_n edward_n and_o his_o predecessor_n i_o shall_v give_v you_o three_o or_o four_o of_o these_o new_a law_n 254._o and_o then_o i_o shall_v leave_v you_o to_o judge_v who_o be_v the_o true_a freeman_n or_o freeholder_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n they_o the_o first_o be_v the_o 52_o d_o law_n of_o this_o king_n tit._n de_fw-fr fide_fw-la &_o obsequio_fw-la ergo_fw-la regem_fw-la statuâ—mus_fw-la etiam_fw-la ut_fw-la omnes_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la faedere_fw-la &_o sacramento_n affirmarent_fw-la quod_fw-la intra_fw-la &_o extra_fw-la regnum_fw-la angliae_fw-la quod_fw-la olim_fw-la vocabâ—o_fw-la regnum_fw-la britanny_n wilâ—ielmo_n regi_fw-la domino_fw-la svo_fw-la fideles_fw-la esse_fw-la volunt_fw-la tâ—ras_n &_o honour_n illius_fw-la omni_fw-la fidelitate_fw-la seruare_fw-la cum_fw-la eo_fw-la &_o contra_fw-la inimicos_fw-la &_o alienigenar_a difendere_fw-la now_o who_o these_o freeman_n be_v that_o be_v thus_o to_o maintain_v the_o king_n in_o his_o land_n and_o honour_n we_o shall_v see_v in_o the_o 55th_o law_n follow_v tit._n de_n clienteleri_fw-la seu_fw-la feudorum_fw-la jure_fw-la &_o ingenuòrum_fw-la immunitate_fw-la volumus_fw-la etiam_fw-la ac_fw-la firmiter_fw-la praecipimus_fw-la &_o concedimus_fw-la ut_fw-la omnes_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la totius_fw-la monarchiae_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la praedicti_fw-la habeant_fw-la &_o â—â—_o mean_v terras_fw-la svas_fw-la &_o póssessiones_fw-la sâ—â—s_fw-la benè_fw-la &_o in_o pace_n libere_fw-la ab_fw-la omni_fw-la exactione_n injusto_fw-la &_o ab_fw-la omni_fw-la tallagio_n it_o a_o quod_fw-la nihil_fw-la ab_fw-la eye_n exigatur_fw-la vel_fw-la capiatur_fw-la nisi_fw-la servitium_fw-la suum_fw-la liberum_fw-la quod_fw-la de_fw-la jùre_fw-la nobis_fw-la facere_fw-la debent_fw-la &_o facere_fw-la tenentur_fw-la &_o prout_fw-la statutum_n est_fw-la in_o &_o allis_fw-la a_o nobis_fw-la datum_n &_o concessum_fw-la jure_fw-la hereditario_fw-la imperpetuum_fw-la per_fw-la commune_fw-la consilium_fw-la votius_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la whereby_o you_o may_v see_v that_o all_o the_o freeman_n here_o mention_v who_o be_v to_o hold_v their_o land_n and_o possession_n in_o peace_n and_o free_a from_o all_o unjâ—_n exaction_n and_o taillage_n be_v only_o such_o who_o be_v to_o perform_v free_a service_n i._n e._n knight_n service_n which_o be_v before_o appoint_v and_o grant_v they_o in_o hereditary_a right_n by_o the_o king_n in_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n so_o that_o none_o be_v proper_o freeman_n or_o exempt_v from_o tax_n or_o talliage_n 17._o but_o such_o as_o hold_v by_o military_a tenure_n though_o not_o knight_v and_o pray_v also_o by_o the_o way_n take_v notice_n that_o by_o this_o commune_fw-la consilium_fw-la regni_fw-la you_o be_v not_o to_o understand_v a_o council_n of_o english_a man_n or_o of_o english_a and_o french_a together_o but_o one_o whole_o make_v up_o of_o frenchman_n or_o norman_n who_o as_o well_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n as_o temporal_a earl_n and_o baron_n hold_v almost_o all_o the_o land_n in_o the_o kingdom_n by_o knight_n service_n which_o be_v also_o far_o make_v out_o by_o the_o 58_o the_o law_n tit._n de_n clientum_fw-la seu_fw-la vassallorem_fw-la prastationibus_fw-la statuimus_fw-la etiam_fw-la &_o firmiter_fw-la praecipimus_fw-la ut_fw-la omnes_fw-la comites_fw-la &_o berme_n &_o milites_fw-la &_o servientes_fw-la &_o universi_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la prâ—â—â—â—tihabeant_fw-la &_o teneant_fw-la se_fw-la semper_fw-la benè_fw-la in_o armis_fw-la &_o in_o equis_fw-la ut_fw-la decet_fw-la &_o oportet_fw-la &_o qud_fw-la sint_fw-la semper_fw-la prompti_fw-la &_o benè_fw-la parati_fw-la ad_fw-la servitium_fw-la suum_fw-la integrum_fw-la nobis_fw-la explendum_fw-la &_o pâ—â—â—gendum_fw-la cum_fw-la semper_fw-la opus_fw-la adfuerit_fw-la secundum_fw-la quod_fw-la nobis_fw-la debent_fw-la de_fw-la feodis_fw-la &_o teneâ—â—â—tis_fw-la suis_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la facere_fw-la &_o sicut_fw-la illis_fw-la statuimus_fw-la per_fw-la commune_fw-la consilium_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la praedicti_fw-la &_o illis_fw-la dedimus_fw-la &_o concessimus_fw-la in_o feodo_fw-la jure_fw-la haereditario_fw-la hoc_fw-la praeceptum_fw-la non_fw-la sit_fw-la violatum_fw-la ullo_fw-la modo_fw-la super_fw-la foris_fw-la facturam_fw-la nostram_fw-la plenam_fw-la so_o that_o here_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o his_o kingdom_n be_v to_o perform_v their_o military_a service_n ibid._n with_o horse_n and_o arm_n according_a to_o their_o fee_n and_o tenor_n therefore_o they_o be_v tenant_n in_o military_a service_n only_o which_o in_o those_o time_n be_v the_o only_a great_a freeman_n and_o that_o service_n the_o only_a free_a service_n which_o be_v mean_v in_o this_o law_n and_o â—ow_o different_a they_o be_v from_o our_o ordinary_a freeholder_n at_o this_o day_n for_o who_o neither_o of_o these_o law_n be_v make_v i_o dare_v leave_v it_o
to_o the_o judgement_n of_o every_o indifferent_a person_n these_o than_o be_v the_o man_n the_o only_a legal_a man_n that_o name_v and_o choose_v jury_n and_o serve_v on_o jury_n themselves_o both_o in_o the_o country_n and_o hundred_o court_n and_o dispatch_v all_o country_n business_n under_o the_o great_a officer_n as_o will_v appear_v by_o the_o next_o law_n with_o a_o little_a explication_n ut_fw-la jura_n regius_fw-la illaesa_fw-la seruare_fw-la pro_fw-la viribus_fw-la câ—entur_fw-la subditi_fw-la statuimus_fw-la etiam_fw-la &_o firmiter_fw-la praecipimus_fw-la ut_fw-la omnes_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la praedicti_fw-la sint_fw-la fratres_n conjurati_fw-la ad_fw-la monarchiam_fw-la nostram_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la regnum_fw-la nostrum_fw-la pro_fw-la viribus_fw-la suis_fw-la &_o facultatibus_fw-la contra_fw-la inimicos_fw-la pro_fw-la posse_fw-la svo_fw-la defendendum_fw-la &_o viriliter_fw-la servaâ—um_fw-la pacem_fw-la &_o dignitatem_fw-la coronae_fw-la nostrae_fw-la integram_fw-la observandam_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la judicium_fw-la recâ—um_fw-la &_o justitiam_fw-la constant_a omnibus_fw-la modis_fw-la pro_fw-la posse_fw-la svo_fw-la sine_fw-la dolo_fw-la &_o sine_fw-la dilatione_fw-la faâ—endam_fw-la now_o the_o judgement_n they_o be_v to_o give_v and_o the_o justice_n they_o be_v to_o do_v by_o this_o law_n beside_o that_o in_o their_o own_o court_n and_o jurisdiction_n be_v principal_o as_o they_o be_v juror_n or_o recognitor_n upon_o assize_n etc._n etc._n though_o some_o of_o the_o great_a of_o their_o milites_fw-la be_v often_o sheriff_n hundredary_n and_o other_o under_o judge_n and_o ministerial_a officer_n of_o justice_n in_o their_o several_a county_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o glanâ—ille_n every_o where_o but_o especial_o lib._n 2._o c._n 10_o 11._o lib._n 9_o c._n 7._o c._n 17._o &_o lib._n 13._o throughout_o this_o of_o be_v suitor_n to_o the_o county_n and_o hundred_o court_n etc._n etc._n be_v a_o service_n incident_a to_o their_o tenor_n and_o before_o they_o many_o time_n ancient_o in_o the_o county_n and_o hundred_o court_n and_o not_o private_o in_o a_o chamber_n be_v execute_v deed_n grant_n and_o donation_n of_o land_n contain_v in_o very_o small_a piece_n of_o parchment_n witness_v by_o thomas_n of_o such_o a_o town_n john_n of_o another_o richard_n of_o a_o three_o etc._n etc._n which_o be_v knight_n and_o liberi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la in_o military_a service_n in_o those_o town_n of_o considerable_a estate_n and_o not_o the_o low_a sort_n of_o people_n and_o this_o execution_n of_o sales_n and_o assurance_n in_o open_a court_n be_v as_o public_a and_o notorious_a and_o as_o secure_v as_o if_o at_o that_o time_n there_o have_v be_v a_o public_a register_n for_o they_o f._n before_o i_o answer_v your_o conclusion_n from_o king_n vvilliam_n law_n i_o must_v tell_v you_o i_o be_o not_o at_o all_o satisfy_v neither_o with_o the_o account_v you_o give_v how_o the_o commonâ—_n of_o england_n can_v come_v in_o to_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o parliament_n without_o any_o noise_n or_o notice_n take_v of_o it_o either_o by_o our_o act_n of_o parliament_n or_o historian_n since_o it_o be_v not_o only_o improbable_a but_o also_o quite_o contrary_a to_o matter_n of_o fact_n and_o history_n itself_o as_o i_o shall_v i_o hope_v make_v good_a when_o we_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o that_o subject_a nor_o be_v your_o argument_n of_o any_o weight_n since_o it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o because_o william_n the_o conqueror_n so_o subject_v the_o land_n of_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n to_o tenure_n by_o knight_n service_n that_o therefore_o this_o be_v do_v by_o his_o sole_a power_n without_o any_o law_n for_o it_o make_v by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n since_o i_o observe_v in_o the_o first_o law_n of_o king_n william_n which_o you_o have_v now_o cite_v that_o the_o very_a service_n which_o you_o say_v be_v reserve_v upon_o the_o land_n he_o have_v bestow_v be_v say_v to_o be_v so_o appoint_v or_o settle_v by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o therefore_o certain_o the_o service_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n must_v be_v so_o likewise_o and_o therefore_o i_o must_v confess_v myself_o to_o be_v of_o mr._n selden_n opinion_n in_o this_o matter_n who_o presume_v there_o be_v a_o law_n for_o it_o though_o now_o lose_v and_o can_v believe_v that_o this_o king_n how_o powerful_a soever_o shall_v attempt_v to_o introduce_v so_o great_a a_o yoke_n upon_o all_o the_o bishop_n and_o so_o many_o of_o the_o abbot_n and_o prior_n of_o england_n without_o their_o consent_n express_o give_v to_o a_o law_n and_o make_v in_o the_o great_a council_n concern_v it_o though_o that_o law_n as_o many_o other_o of_o this_o king_n be_v not_o now_o to_o be_v find_v but_o to_o come_v to_o the_o main_a design_n of_o your_o present_a discourse_n which_o be_v to_o show_v that_o none_o but_o tenant_n by_o military_a service_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v in_o the_o first_o time_n after_o the_o conquest_n proper_o the_o only_a true_a freeman_n or_o freeholder_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n i_o shall_v show_v you_o that_o first_o the_o notion_n be_v quite_o new_a and_o never_o hear_v of_o till_o the_o dr._n from_o who_o you_o have_v borrow_v it_o first_o broach_v it_o neither_o mr._n lambard_n mr._n somneâ—_n nor_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n nor_o any_o of_o our_o english_a antiquary_n or_o lawyer_n ever_o discover_v any_o such_o thing_n before_o your_o dr._n arise_v to_o disperse_v these_o cloud_n every_o man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o be_v no_o villain_n be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o freeman_n and_o every_o owner_n of_o land_n of_o inheritance_n though_o of_o never_o so_o small_a a_o proportion_n reckon_v a_o freeholder_n and_o his_o estate_n call_v his_o franc_n tenement_n or_o freehold_n as_o well_o in_o our_o ancient_n as_o modern_a law_n and_o that_o freehold_n be_v not_o restrain_v only_o to_o military_a service_n within_o a_o hundred_o year_n after_o the_o conquest_n appear_v by_o king_n john_n magna_fw-la charta_fw-la in_o which_o it_o be_v express_o recite_v that_o nullus_fw-la distriâ—â—tur_fw-la ad_fw-la faciendum_fw-la majus_fw-la servitium_fw-la de_fw-la feodo_fw-la militis_fw-la nec_fw-la de_fw-la alio_fw-la libero_fw-la tenemento_fw-it quâ—â—_n inde_fw-la debetur_fw-la and_o that_o socage_n tenant_n though_o by_o villain_n service_n be_v as_o much_o freeman_n as_o your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la see_v spelman_n glossary_a tit._n socman_n where_o he_o say_v thus_o socmannus_fw-la in_o natura_fw-la brevinan_n brevi_fw-la de_fw-fr recto_n propriè_fw-la talis_fw-la est_fw-la qui_fw-fr liâ—e_z est_fw-la &_o tenet_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la seu_fw-la de_fw-la alio_fw-la domino_fw-la in_o antiquo_fw-la dominico_fw-la terras_fw-la svas_fw-la seu_fw-la tenementâ—_n in_o villenagio_n libro_fw-la sancti_fw-la albani_n tit._n honcton_n chap_n i._o rege_fw-la angliae_fw-la manerium_fw-la de_fw-la hâ—â—cton_n tenuerunt_fw-la in_o dominico_fw-la omnes_fw-la tenentes_fw-la liberi_fw-la scil_n &_o custumarii_fw-la per_fw-la sokam_fw-la defendebant_fw-la tenementa_fw-la sua_fw-la etc._n etc._n ex_fw-la quo_fw-la patet_fw-la sokmans_fw-mi liberos_fw-la 〈◊〉_d significare_fw-la but_o since_o you_o seem_v to_o make_v a_o distinction_n between_o freeman_n and_o freeholder_n proper_o or_o improper_o so_o call_v since_o king_n vvilliam_n law_n you_o have_v now_o cite_v do_v not_o warrant_v any_o such_o distinction_n i_o must_v beg_v your_o excuse_n if_o i_o be_o not_o of_o your_o opinion_n for_o the_o first_o law_n you_o have_v quote_v warrant_v no_o such_o thing_n it_o only_o say_v that_o all_o freeman_n in_o general_a shall_v take_v a_o oath_n of_o fealty_n to_o the_o king_n to_o maintain_v he_o his_o land_n and_o honour_n against_o 〈◊〉_d enemy_n and_o stranger_n now_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o this_o law_n extend_v to_o all_o freeman_n who_o be_v by_o the_o ancient_a saxon_a law_n recite_v in_o the_o addition_n to_o the_o law_n of_o king_n edward_n to_o take_v the_o very_a same_o oath_n in_o the_o folkmote_a as_o they_o be_v after_o your_o conquest_n to_o do_v according_a to_o this_o law_n either_o in_o the_o county_n court_v or_o sheriff_n turn_v nor_o will_v the_o next_o law_n do_v the_o business_n any_o more_o than_o this_o for_o the_o word_n be_v that_o all_o freeman_n of_o our_o say_a kingdom_n may_v have_v and_o hold_v their_o land_n and_o possession_n free_a from_o all_o â—njust_a taillage_n exaction_n etc._n etc._n which_o word_n possession_n extend_v not_o only_o to_o land_n of_o inheritance_n much_o less_o to_o land_n hold_v by_o knight_n service_n but_o also_o to_o estate_n for_o life_n and_o all_o other_o chattel_n or_o possession_n as_o well_o real_a as_o personal_a nor_o do_v the_o word_n servitium_n liberum_fw-la extend_v only_o to_o those_o service_n which_o be_v reserve_v upon_o land_n hold_v by_o knight_n service_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o also_o to_o those_o common_a service_n call_v trinoda_n necessitas_fw-la which_o i_o have_v former_o mention_v â—iz_o the_o building_n and_o repair_v of_o castle_n and_o bridge_n and_o expedition_n against_o foreign_a enemy_n
destrain_v for_o the_o escuage_z so_o assess_v by_o parliament_n or_o in_o some_o case_n they_o may_v have_v the_o king_n be_v write_v direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o the_o same_o county_n etc._n etc._n to_o lâ—vy_a such_o escuage_n for_o they_o as_o appear_v by_o the_o register_n but_o if_o either_o king_n john_n or_o king_n hen._n iii_o grant_v writ_n to_o levy_v escuage_z upon_o the_o under-tenant_n of_o the_o great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la without_o their_o own_o consent_n in_o parliament_n this_o aught_o to_o be_v no_o more_o cite_v as_o a_o precedent_n than_o any_o other_o illegal_a act_n commit_v by_o those_o king_n since_o as_o our_o record_n and_o history_n tell_v we_o it_o be_v such_o illegal_a proceed_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o baron_n war_n and_o it_o be_v express_o against_o the_o word_n of_o this_o charter_n of_o king_n john_n which_o you_o have_v now_o quote_v viz._n nullum_fw-la seâ—â—agium_fw-la vel_fw-la auxilium_fw-la pâ—nam_fw-la in_o regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la nisi_fw-la per_fw-la commune_fw-la consilium_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la so_o that_o notwithstanding_o all_o you_o have_v yet_o say_v it_o do_v not_o appear_v to_o i_o how_o scutage_n when_o give_v as_o a_o tax_n upon_o knight_n â—ees_v alone_o and_o to_o be_v levy_v not_o only_o from_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la themselves_z but_o their_o under-tenant_n as_o also_o from_o the_o tenant_n of_o they_o who_o though_o they_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la yet_o hold_v not_o by_o knight_n service_n such_o as_o be_v the_o tenant_n in_o peâ—â—y_a serjeanty_n and_o those_o who_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o chief_a as_o of_o several_a honour_n and_o not_o of_o hiâ—_n crown_n as_o in_o capite_fw-la can_v ever_o charge_v such_o tenant_n without_o their_o consent_n give_v either_o by_o themselves_o or_o their_o lawful_a representative_n much_o less_o can_v your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la tax_n or_o charge_v such_o as_o do_v not_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la themselves_z viz._n those_o abbot_n and_o prior_n who_o hold_v land_n in_o right_a of_o their_o monastery_n in_o franc_n almâ—igne_n and_o who_o together_o with_o their_o tenant_n make_v at_o least_o two_o three_o part_n of_o all_o the_o abby-land_n in_o england_n as_o also_o tax_v those_o who_o not_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n at_o all_o but_o by_o tenure_n in_o socage_n or_o fee_n farm_n do_v not_o hold_v their_o land_n as_o knight_n fee_n and_o therefore_o can_v never_o be_v tax_v by_o your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o so_o many_o knight_n fee_n or_o part_n thereof_o and_o braecton_n who_o live_v at_o this_o very_a time_n have_v distinguish_v to_o no_o purpose_n between_o those_o common_a service_n which_o all_o tenant_n owe_v their_o lord_n and_o the_o general_a tax_n or_o charge_n impose_v by_o the_o common_a consent_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n 37._o the_o word_n be_v very_o remarkable_a pray_v read_v they_o sunt_fw-la quaedam_fw-la commune_v praestationes_fw-la quae_fw-la seruâ—cis_fw-la non_fw-la diâ—uâ—iâ—â—_n nec_fw-la de_fw-la consuâ—tudine_fw-la venâ—um_fw-la nisi_fw-la cum_fw-la necessitaâ—_n intervenerit_fw-la vel_fw-la cum_fw-la parliament_n rex_fw-la venorit_fw-la sicut_fw-la sunt_fw-la hidagia_fw-la corraagâ—â—_n carvagia_n &_o alia_fw-la plura_fw-la de_fw-la necessitate_v &_o ex_fw-la consensu_fw-la communi_fw-la torius_fw-la regni_fw-la introducta_fw-la &_o quae_fw-la ad_fw-la dominum_fw-la feâ—di_fw-la non_fw-la pertinent_a and_o therefore_o i_o can_v see_v any_o reason_n why_o the_o great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v ever_o have_v power_n to_o lay_v a_o general_a tax_n upon_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n not_o the_o ten_o part_n of_o which_o do_v then_o hold_v of_o they_o by_o knight_n service_n so_o that_o nothing_o seem_v plain_a to_o i_o than_o that_o there_o be_v we_o our_o ancient_a historian_n tell_v we_o a_o distinct_a court_n which_o be_v hold_v ancient_o three_o time_n every_o year_n viz._n at_o easter_n whitsuntide_n and_o christmas_n and_o then_o the_o king_n be_v attend_v by_o all_o the_o bishop_n great_a lord_n 131._o and_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o this_o be_v call_v curis_n or_o concilium_fw-la regis_fw-la and_o if_o any_o difference_n of_o right_n do_v arise_v between_o the_o king_n and_o his_o tenant_n or_o between_o tenant_n and_o tenant_n here_o it_o be_v to_o be_v hear_v and_o determine_v and_o many_o other_o thing_n be_v there_o uâ—ted_v and_o do_v in_o relation_n to_o the_o king_n baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o but_o under_o favour_n this_o be_v not_o the_o commune_fw-la consillum_fw-la regni_fw-la or_o parliament_n as_o we_o now_o call_v it_o for_o the_o king_n hold_v this_o court_n ex_fw-la more_n or_o by_o custom_n without_o any_o summons_n as_o simon_n of_o durham_n and_o florence_n of_o worcester_n and_o divers_a other_o writer_n of_o the_o life_n of_o our_o first_o norman_a king_n do_v show_v we_o but_o when_o they_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o meeting_n of_o the_o commune_fw-la consilium_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la 680._o their_o expression_n after_o and_o then_o they_o say_v that_o rex_fw-la ascivi_fw-la as_o it_o be_v in_o ordericus_n vitalis_n exit_fw-la praecepro_fw-la regn_n convenerunt_fw-la or_o as_o eâ—â—merus_n rex_fw-la sanctione_n sua_fw-la adunavit_fw-la and_o mat._n westminster_n of_o late_a time_n take_v notice_n of_o this_o union_n or_o meet_v of_o this_o câ—ria_n or_o assembly_n of_o tenant_n in_o capit_fw-la together_o with_o the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n in_o his_o history_n of_o hen._n iii_o where_o relate_v how_o the_o king_n again_o confirm_v the_o great_a charter_n in_o a_o parliament_n anno_fw-la domini_fw-la 1252._o be_v the_o 37_o the_o of_o his_o reign_n he_o have_v these_o word_n in_o quindene_a paschae_n adunato_fw-la magno_fw-la parliamento_fw-la etc._n etc._n so_o that_o it_o seem_v plain_a to_o i_o that_o this_o unite_n of_o the_o great_a or_o whole_a parliament_n must_v be_v understand_v the_o conjunction_n of_o both_o council_n together_o and_o therefore_o when_o this_o council_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la that_o thus_o meet_v ex_fw-la more_fw-mi take_v upon_o they_o assess_v escuage_z and_o transact_v other_o matter_n of_o consequence_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o major_a part_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o often_o fail_v to_o appear_v at_o these_o court_n or_o assembly_n hold_v ex_fw-la more_fw-it it_o be_v then_o and_o not_o before_o express_o provide_v by_o this_o charter_n of_o king_n john_n that_o escuage_z shall_v not_o be_v assess_v for_o the_o future_a without_o summons_n or_o notice_n give_v of_o it_o to_o all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o have_v right_a to_o be_v there_o m._n i_o see_v you_o will_v fain_o prove_v that_o there_o be_v a_o council_n or_o assembly_n of_o great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la distinct_a from_o the_o parliament_n and_o which_o meet_v ex_fw-la more_fw-it and_o that_o these_o be_v the_o person_n who_o be_v by_o this_o charter_n to_o assemble_v for_o the_o assess_n of_o escuage_z which_o be_v a_o mere_a precarious_a hypothesis_n nor_o can_v you_o or_o those_o from_o who_o you_o borrow_v this_o notion_n make_v it_o out_o from_o any_o good_a authority_n for_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v that_o the_o barones_n regis_fw-la &_o regni_fw-la be_v the_o same_o person_n and_o that_o usual_o the_o baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la of_o what_o quality_n soever_o do_v repair_v to_o the_o king_n court_n at_o christmas_n easter_n 113._o and_o whitsunday_n do_v appear_v to_o have_v be_v the_o custom_n of_o those_o time_n from_o the_o testimony_n of_o our_o ancient_a historian_n but_o to_o prove_v by_o example_n out_o of_o the_o author_n you_o yourself_o have_v make_v use_n of_o that_o the_o bishop_n great_a baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v then_o alone_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n 20._o pray_v read_v eadmerus_n speak_v thus_o celebratum_fw-la est_fw-la concilium_fw-la in_o ecclesiâ_fw-la beati_fw-la peiri_n in_fw-la occidentali_fw-la parâ—e_fw-la juxta_fw-la lâ—nâ—inum_fw-la sita_fw-la communi_fw-la consensâ—â—_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la abbatum_fw-la &_o principum_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la &_o buiâ—_n conventui_fw-la assuerunt_fw-la primate_fw-la regni_fw-la utriuâ—que_fw-la ondinis_fw-la and_o at_o this_o meeting_n be_v present_a the_o prime_a man_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o both_o order_n in_o this_o council_n the_o bishop_n and_o baron_n be_v call_v the_o principal_a or_o chief_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n yet_o these_o be_v all_o the_o king_n baron_n they_o all_o hold_v of_o he_o in_o capite_fw-la and_o so_o do_v all_o the_o chief_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n so_o likewise_o in_o another_o meeting_n under_o this_o king_n hen._n â—_o when_o archbishop_n anselm_n be_v to_o give_v his_o answer_n to_o the_o king_n according_a â—o_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o chief_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o same_o author_n tell_v we_o of_o anselm_n 69._o that_o in_o pascha_fw-la ad_fw-la curiam_fw-la venit_fw-la communis_fw-la concilii_fw-la vocem_fw-la unam_fw-la
accepit_fw-la etc._n etc._n now_o pray_v tell_v i_o what_o common_a council_n be_v this_o of_o the_o bishop_n and_o chief_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o anselm_n refer_v himself_o to_o be_v it_o not_o ex_fw-la more_o by_o custom_n you_o can_v find_v in_o eadmer_n any_o summons_n to_o it_o neither_o rex_fw-la asâ—ivit_fw-la nor_o praecepâ—o_o regis_fw-la convenerunt_fw-la nor_o rex_fw-la sanctione_n suâ_fw-la adunavit_fw-la in_o short_a not_o to_o multiply_v example_n look_v where_o you_o will_v in_o eadmerus_n or_o any_o other_o of_o the_o ancient_a historian_n you_o have_v cite_v and_o you_o will_v still_o find_v that_o the_o person_n who_o meet_v ex_fw-la more_fw-it and_o without_o any_o summons_n be_v the_o same_o who_o assemble_v by_o the_o king_n summons_n at_o other_o time_n that_o be_v the_o principes_fw-la and_o episcoâ—i_fw-la regni_fw-la or_o terrae_fw-la or_o call_v more_o general_o priâ—ates_fw-la utriusque_fw-la ordinis_fw-la or_o the_o barones_n or_o majores_fw-la regni_fw-la who_o do_v at_o these_o great_a â—easts_n pro_fw-la more_o go_v to_o court_n and_o hold_v a_o solemn_a curia_n or_o great_a council_n there_o and_o that_o these_o make_v up_o the_o university_n or_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n pray_v see_v what_o matt._n paris_n say_v 40._o in_o die_v pentecostes_fw-la dominus_fw-la rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la loâ—dini_fw-la festum_fw-la tenens_fw-la magnum_fw-la &_o serenissimum_fw-la â—unc_fw-la compositâ_fw-la per_fw-la regni_fw-la vniversitatem_fw-la eleganti_fw-la epistolâ_fw-la etc._n etc._n this_o be_v about_o the_o pope_n exaction_n as_o have_v be_v before_o deliver_v and_o hen._n iii_o in_o his_o letter_n to_o the_o pope_n call_v the_o same_o person_n magnates_fw-la angliae_fw-la which_o in_o his_o letter_n to_o the_o cardinal_n about_o the_o same_o matter_n he_o call_v magnates_fw-la nostri_fw-la as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o former_a citation_n of_o they_o f._n but_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o ask_v you_o this_o question_n may_v not_o our_o first_o norman_a king_n often_o summon_v the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n at_o one_o of_o the_o say_v usual_a feast_n since_o it_o be_v so_o much_o for_o the_o conveniency_n of_o the_o bishop_n great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o i_o grant_v be_v then_o all_o member_n of_o the_o great_a council_n to_o meet_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o representative_n of_o the_o commons_o at_o the_o same_o time_n though_o the_o writer_n you_o have_v quote_v may_v not_o mention_v their_o be_v summon_v at_o all_o and_o as_o for_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n those_o of_o much_o late_a parliament_n be_v lose_v how_o can_v it_o be_v expect_v we_o shall_v now_o prove_v their_o be_v summon_v so_o many_o year_n before_o m._n i_o confess_v it_o may_v be_v so_o that_o upon_o extraordinary_a business_n 115._o and_o when_o the_o occasion_n be_v great_a and_o the_o king_n desire_v a_o great_a and_o full_a appearance_n they_o may_v also_o receive_v a_o express_a summons_n at_o those_o time_n but_o then_o i_o must_v desire_v you_o to_o show_v we_o any_o mention_n of_o a_o summons_n to_o any_o of_o these_o common_a council_n which_o when_o call_v at_o other_o time_n be_v most_o constant_o mention_v in_o this_o author_n and_o i_o desire_v to_o know_v of_o you_o what_o you_o will_v say_v to_o those_o word_n pro_fw-la more_fw-it convenit_fw-la which_o be_v speak_v of_o the_o most_o general_a council_n when_o the_o community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n meet_v at_o the_o king_n court_n you_o can_v deny_v but_o that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v the_o king_n barones_n milites_fw-la magnates_fw-la etc._n etc._n upon_o this_o we_o will_v join_v issue_n and_o i_o affirm_v without_o bring_v proof_n which_o be_v infinite_a in_o this_o case_n that_o all_o the_o bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n of_o england_n do_v hold_v their_o land_n earldom_n and_o barony_n of_o the_o crown_n or_o which_o be_v all_o one_o of_o the_o king_n as_o of_o his_o person_n and_o that_o be_v in_o capite_fw-la william_n the_o conqueror_n as_o i_o say_v before_o divide_v most_o of_o the_o land_n in_o england_n among_o his_o great_a follower_n to_o hold_v of_o he_o he_o make_v earl_n and_o baron_n such_o as_o he_o please_v they_o and_o their_o descendant_n hold_v upon_o the_o same_o term_n with_o the_o first_o grantor_n which_o be_v to_o find_v so_o many_o horse_n and_o arm_n and_o do_v such_o and_o such_o service_n both_o title_n and_o land_n be_v forfeitable_a for_o treason_n or_o felony_n to_o the_o king_n do_v homage_n for_o they_o and_o every_o bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n of_o england_n be_v in_o those_o circumstance_n and_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n after_o this_o manner_n other_o land_n be_v give_v to_o other_o person_n for_o mean_a service_n as_o to_o his_o woodward_n forester_n huntsman_n falconer_n cook_n chamberlain_n gouldsinlib_n bailiff_n of_o manor_n in_o his_o own_o hand_n and_o many_o other_o officer_n which_o in_o doomsday-book_n be_v call_v terrae_fw-la thanorum_fw-la regis_fw-la and_o sometime_o servientium_fw-la regis_fw-la and_o i_o doubt_v not_o whatever_o the_o notion_n of_o petyt_n sergeanty_n now_o be_v but_o that_o original_o this_o hold_v of_o land_n be_v the_o true_a tenure_n not_o but_o present_v the_o lord_n with_o a_o bow_n a_o arrow_n a_o pair_n of_o spur_n every_o year_n etc._n etc._n may_v also_o be_v call_v petyt_n serjeanty_n though_o not_o so_o proper_o as_o the_o other_o f._n not_o to_o multiply_v word_n to_o no_o purpose_n i_o think_v your_o reply_n be_v far_o from_o be_v satisfactory_a for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n it_o be_v very_o unreasonable_a to_o demand_v that_o we_o shall_v now_o show_v the_o express_a summons_n to_o these_o common_a council_n which_o be_v not_o hold_v the_o more_o since_o you_o know_v that_o all_o ancient_a record_n of_o that_o kind_n be_v destroy_v and_o lose_v for_o if_o we_o can_v produce_v they_o at_o this_o day_n the_o difference_n between_o we_o and_o those_o of_o your_o opinion_n will_v quick_o be_v at_o a_o end_n as_o appear_v by_o those_o great_a council_n which_o be_v say_v express_o by_o the_o historian_n i_o have_v cite_v to_o have_v be_v summon_v and_o yet_o no_o such_o writ_n of_o summons_n be_v to_o be_v find_v nor_o be_v it_o any_o good_a argument_n that_o because_o our_o ancient_a historian_n mention_v no_o distinct_a summons_n to_o the_o great_a council_n when_o meet_v at_o the_o usual_a time_n of_o the_o meeting_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la that_o therefore_o there_o be_v none_o such_o since_o we_o find_v they_o often_o pass_v by_o much_o more_o material_a matter_n than_o this_o and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v then_o part_n of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o barones_n milites_fw-la &_o magnates_fw-la regni_fw-la yet_o do_v it_o not_o follow_v for_o all_o this_o that_o none_o but_o the_o king_n baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v member_n of_o this_o great_a council_n since_o there_o may_v be_v in_o those_o time_n other_o baron_n or_o great_a freeholder_n who_o though_o they_o hold_v their_o land_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la yet_o may_v be_v there_o as_o knight_n of_o shire_n or_o else_o appear_v in_o person_n at_o those_o assembly_n as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o and_o beside_o there_o be_v other_o who_o though_o they_o do_v not_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o of_o some_o great_a honour_n or_o castle_n or_o else_o of_o some_o abbot_n or_o prior_n yet_o be_v man_n of_o very_o great_a estate_n and_o very_o numerous_a all_o which_o must_v otherwise_o have_v have_v their_o estate_n tax_v and_o law_n make_v for_o they_o without_z nay_o against_o the_o consent_n of_o themselves_o or_o any_o to_o represent_v they_o nor_o be_v your_o assertion_n at_o all_o true_a that_o william_n the_o conqueror_n divide_v most_o of_o the_o land_n in_o england_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o he_o in_o capite_fw-la for_o beside_o those_o servant_n and_o officer_n you_o last_v mention_v above_o two_o three_o part_n of_o the_o land_n of_o the_o abbey_n and_o priory_n in_o england_n be_v not_o hold_v as_o also_o much_o other_o land_n in_o kent_n and_o other_o country_n per_fw-la baroniam_fw-la or_o knight_n service_n but_o in_o libera_fw-la elecmosina_fw-la only_o or_o socage_n as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v and_o consequent_o neither_o they_o nor_o their_o tenant_n can_v according_a to_o your_o hypothesis_n have_v any_o representative_n in_o parliament_n and_o far_o you_o yourself_o grant_v that_o those_o land_n you_o mention_v which_o be_v give_v out_o by_o your_o conqueror_n to_o his_o woodward_n forester_n etc._n etc._n do_v not_o capacitate_v they_o to_o appear_v in_o parliament_n since_o their_o tenure_n be_v only_o by_o petyt_n serjeanty_n and_o not_o by_o knight_n service_n nor_o can_v they_o become_v the_o king_n tenant_n in_o ancient_a demesne_n because_o such_o tenant_n
hold_v whole_o by_o socage_n tenure_n whereas_o it_o appear_v plain_o by_o littleton_n that_o tenant_n in_o petyt_n serjeanty_n be_v subject_a to_o wardship_n marriage_n and_o relief_n so_o that_o whoever_o will_v but_o consider_v that_o near_o half_a the_o land_n in_o england_n be_v hold_v by_o bishop_n abbot_n prior_n etc._n etc._n and_o of_o who_o not_o a_o three_o part_n hold_v by_o knight_n service_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o will_v then_o likewise_o consider_v what_o a_o vast_a number_n of_o tenant_n those_o abbot_n prior_n dean_n and_o chapter_n who_o be_v not_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la at_o all_o must_v have_v have_v and_o who_o either_o hold_v estate_n in_o fee_n or_o else_o for_o life_n under_o they_o in_o socage_n as_o well_o as_o by_o knight_n service_n as_o also_o all_o the_o other_o sort_n of_o tenor_n i_o have_v already_o mention_v which_o either_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n as_o of_o some_o honour_n or_o castle_n or_o else_o of_o other_o mesne_n lord_n by_o other_o tenor_n than_o knight_n service_n must_v certain_o conclude_v that_o not_o above_o one_o half_a of_o the_o land_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v hold_v either_o immediate_o of_o the_o king_n or_o else_o of_o other_o mesne_n lord_n by_o that_o tenure_n so_o that_o if_o all_o these_o person_n which_o be_v far_o the_o great_a number_n of_o the_o freeholders_n in_o england_n shall_v have_v be_v thus_o exclude_v from_o have_v any_o thing_n to_o do_v in_o our_o great_a council_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o we_o shall_v have_v find_v sufficient_a clamour_n in_o our_o history_n against_o so_o unjust_a a_o constitution_n and_o when_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v in_o arm_n against_o king_n john_n at_o running-mead_n they_o will_v likewise_o have_v insert_v a_o clause_n for_o themselves_o if_o they_o have_v not_o have_v their_o suffrage_n there_o before_o either_o by_o themselves_o in_o their_o own_o person_n or_o by_o their_o lawful_a representative_n and_o therefore_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n i_o dare_v leave_v it_o to_o the_o consideration_n of_o any_o unprejudiced_a man_n whether_o it_o be_v not_o much_o more_o probable_a that_o the_o constitution_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n appear_v in_o parliament_n shall_v be_v much_o more_o ancient_a than_o the_o time_n you_o assign_v than_o that_o so_o small_a a_o body_n of_o man_n as_o the_o bishop_n lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v represent_v all_o the_o freeholder_n and_o people_n of_o england_n who_o never_o hold_v of_o they_o by_o knight_n service_n at_o all_o nor_o have_v you_o yet_o answer_v the_o quotation_n i_o have_v bring_v out_o of_o bracton_n in_o my_o last_o discourse_n to_o the_o contrary_n and_o whoever_o will_v but_o consult_v that_o author_n in_o his_o chapter_n of_o tenor_n will_v find_v that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v so_o far_o from_o have_v a_o power_n of_o charge_v all_o the_o mesne_n tenant_n at_o their_o pleasure_n that_o in_o his_o chapter_n de_fw-fr tenuris_n it_o appear_v that_o a_o mesne_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v purchase_v a_o estate_n for_o a_o valuable_a consideration_n be_v liable_a to_o no_o other_o service_n and_o condition_n than_o what_o his_o tenure_n express_v which_o once_o perform_v the_o lord_n have_v no_o more_o to_o say_v to_o he_o and_o if_o so_o be_v he_o lay_v any_o further_a burden_n upon_o he_o he_o may_v have_v have_v a_o writ_n of_o acquital_n out_o of_o the_o king_n court_n against_o he_o direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n several_a form_n of_o which_o you_o may_v see_v in_o glanville_n and_o in_o the_o old_a register_n m._n we_o be_v not_o to_o rest_v upon_o mere_a probability_n for_o some_o thing_n that_o now_o appear_v to_o we_o unreasonable_a at_o this_o instant_n of_o time_n may_v then_o be_v very_o just_a for_o if_o the_o feudatary_a tenant_n of_o the_o bishop_n baron_n and_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v well_o enough_o content_v with_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o it_o then_o be_v and_o that_o it_o plain_o appear_v by_o matter_n of_o fact_n that_o there_o be_v but_o one_o common_a council_n for_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o that_o of_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n great_a lord_n and_o less_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o argue_v of_o any_o unreasonableness_n in_o or_o inconvenience_n that_o may_v arise_v from_o such_o a_o constitution_n though_o perhaps_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n do_v not_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la nor_o yet_o by_o knight_n service_n and_o therefore_o though_o the_o feudatary_a tenant_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v upon_o the_o performance_n of_o their_o service_n acquit_v of_o all_o other_o charge_n yet_o this_o be_v still_o to_o be_v understand_v only_o of_o such_o ordinary_a service_n as_o those_o tenant_n be_v to_o perform_v by_o virtue_n of_o their_o tenor_n such_o as_o be_v scutage_n service_n or_o the_o attend_v upon_o their_o lord_n when_o they_o go_v out_o to_o war_n along_o with_o the_o king_n but_o do_v not_o extend_v to_o such_o scutage_n as_o be_v grant_v in_o parliament_n or_o as_o a_o tax_n upon_o land_n by_o the_o common_a consent_n of_o the_o nation_n for_o then_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v not_o only_o the_o grantor_n but_o the_o collector_n too_o of_o such_o scutage_n tax_n from_o their_o military_a tenant_n and_o the_o writ_n to_o the_o sheriff_n be_v different_a from_o those_o for_o scutage_n service_n and_o for_o proof_n of_o this_o i_o desire_v you_o will_v peruâ—e_v that_o writ_n which_o the_o dr._n quote_v of_o the_o 19_o of_o hen._n iii_o which_o be_v still_o to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o that_o year_n dorso_fw-la rex_fw-la vice_n comiti_fw-la sussex_n salutem_fw-la scias_n quod_fw-la archiepiscopi_fw-la episcopi_fw-la abbates_n priâ—reâ—_n comites_fw-la barones_n &_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la angliae_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la tenent_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la spontanea_fw-la voluâ—â—â—te_fw-la suâ—_n &_o sine_fw-la conâ—uetudine_fw-la concesserunt_fw-la nobis_fw-la efficax_n auxilium_fw-la ad_fw-la magna_fw-la negotia_fw-la nostra_fw-la expedienda_fw-la unde_fw-la provisum_fw-la 〈◊〉_d de_fw-la consilâ—o_fw-la illorum_fw-la quod_fw-la habeamus_fw-la de_fw-la feodis_fw-la militum_fw-la &_o wardis_n quae_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la tenent_n in_fw-la gapite_fw-la duâ—s_fw-la marcas_fw-la ad_fw-la predictum_fw-la auxilium_fw-la faciendum_fw-la &_o unde_fw-la proviâ—erint_fw-la reddere_fw-la nobis_fw-la unam_fw-la medietatem_fw-la ante_fw-la festum_fw-la sancti_fw-la micâ—aelis_fw-la anno_fw-la regni_fw-la 19_o &_o aliam_fw-la medictatem_fw-la ad_fw-la pasche_fw-la anno_fw-la regni_fw-la â—osirâ—_n 20._o ideo_fw-la tibi_fw-la precipimus_fw-la quod_fw-la capite_fw-la ad_fw-la mandatum_fw-la venerabilis_fw-la patris_fw-la r._n cicestren_a episcopi_fw-la cancellarii_n nostri_fw-la sine_fw-la dilatione_fw-la distringas_fw-la omnes_fw-la milites_fw-la &_o liberos_fw-la tenentes_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la eo_fw-la tenent_n per_fw-la servitium_n militare_fw-la in_o balliva_fw-la tua_fw-la ad_fw-la redlendum_fw-la ei_fw-la de_fw-la singulis_fw-la feotis_fw-la militum_fw-la &_o wardis_n dvas_fw-la marcas_fw-la ad_fw-la predictum_fw-la auxilium_fw-la nobis_fw-la per_fw-la manum_fw-la svam_fw-la reddendum_fw-la in_o terminis_fw-la predictis_fw-la sic_fw-la scribitur_fw-la pro_fw-la aliis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la prioribus_fw-la &_o magnatibus_fw-la now_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o tell_v i_o whether_o any_o thing_n can_v be_v more_o plain_a than_o that_o this_o tax_n be_v grant_v by_o a_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n according_a to_o that_o clause_n of_o king_n john_n charter_n i_o have_v now_o cite_v wherein_o it_o be_v first_o especial_o provide_v that_o no_o aid_n or_o scutage_n shall_v be_v impose_v upon_o the_o kingdom_n unless_o by_o the_o common_a council_n thereof_o and_o yet_o you_o see_v by_o this_o writ_n that_o the_o archbishop_n etc._n etc._n with_o the_o baron_n there_o mention_v together_o with_o the_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_o grant_v a_o aid_n or_o scutage_n tax_v of_o two_o mark_n for_o every_o knight_n fee_n which_o they_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n and_o that_o by_o virtue_n thereof_o not_o only_o those_o knight_n fee_n they_o hold_v in_o their_o hand_n but_o also_o all_o those_o subseudatary_a tenant_n call_v here_o freeholder_n who_o hold_v of_o they_o by_o knight_n service_n be_v likewise_o charge_v for_o every_o knight_n fee_n so_o hold_v the_o like_a sum_n of_o two_o mark_n now_o i_o think_v nothing_o can_v be_v more_o plain_a from_o this_o record_n than_o that_o this_o be_v a_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o yet_o consist_v of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o and_o therefore_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o show_v i_o some_o better_a proof_n than_o you_o yet_o have_v do_v that_o these_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la ever_o make_v a_o distinct_a council_n different_a from_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n f._n i_o grant_v this_o seem_v at_o first_o sight_n to_o be_v a_o good_a authority_n for_o
to_o private_a church_n and_o if_o his_o noble_n or_o follower_n have_v unjust_o dissieâ—ed_v any_o bishop_n or_o abbot_n of_o their_o estate_n the_o king_n cause_v they_o to_o be_v restore_v again_o as_o appear_v by_o many_o precedent_n of_o this_o kind_n which_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o ingulphus_n and_o eadmerus_n this_o be_v premise_v let_v we_o see_v in_o the_o next_o place_n what_o proportion_n the_o land_n belong_v to_o the_o church_n do_v in_o those_o day_n bear_v to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o land_n in_o england_n now_o we_o find_v in_o sprot_n chronicle_n as_o also_o from_o the_o old_a legierbook_n cite_v by_o mr._n selden_n in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n and_o particular_o from_o that_o secretum_fw-la abbotis_n former_o belong_v to_o the_o abbey_n of_o glassenbury_n and_o now_o in_o the_o library_n of_o the_o university_n of_o oxon_n that_o there_o be_v not_o long_o after_o your_o conquest_n 60215_o knight_n fee_n in_o england_n of_o which_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o other_o churchman_n than_o enjoy_v 28015._o when_o it_o be_v suppose_v this_o account_n be_v take_v than_o it_o will_v follow_v that_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o your_o conqueror_n there_o be_v above_o 28000_o knight_n fee_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o church_n and_o in_o these_o we_o do_v not_o any_o where_o find_v that_o k._n william_n dispossess_v their_o tenant_n of_o their_o estate_n most_o of_o which_o be_v hold_v in_o fee_n under_o they_o and_o those_o tenant_n be_v great_a and_o powerful_a man_n in_o their_o country_n and_o hence_o we_o read_v in_o the_o ancient_a record_n and_o legier_n book_n of_o the_o baron_n and_o knight_n that_o hold_v of_o divers_a bishop_n and_o great_a abbot_n 84._o several_a example_n which_o you_o will_v find_v in_o sir_n henry_n spellman_n title_n baro_n now_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o king_n william_n can_v not_o turn_v all_o these_o man_n out_o of_o their_o estate_n and_o give_v they_o to_o his_o follower_n without_o commit_v sacrilege_n and_o 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northern_a people_n and_o north_n part_n of_o germany_n from_o whence_o both_o saxon_n and_o norman_n come_v yet_o after_o the_o conquest_n the_o bulk_n and_o main_n of_o our_o law_n be_v bring_v hither_o from_o normandy_n by_o the_o conqueror_n from_o whence_o we_o receive_v the_o tenor_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o hold_v our_o estate_n in_o every_o respect_n from_o whence_o also_o have_v we_o receive_v the_o custom_n incident_a to_o those_o estate_n and_o likewise_o the_o quality_n of_o they_o being_n most_o of_o they_o feudal_n and_o enjoy_v under_o several_a military_a condition_n and_o service_n so_o that_o of_o necessary_a consequence_n from_o thence_o we_o must_v receive_v the_o law_n also_o by_o which_o these_o tenor_n and_o the_o custom_n incident_a to_o they_o be_v regulate_v and_o by_o which_o every_o man_n right_a in_o such_o estate_n be_v secure_v according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o they_o from_o normandy_n and_o bring_v in_o by_o the_o conqueror_n we_o receive_v most_o if_o not_o all_o
that_o because_o the_o emperor_n theodosius_n as_o likewise_o divers_a of_o his_o predecessor_n do_v nominate_v bishop_n to_o see_v therefore_o they_o do_v likewise_o receive_v from_o they_o all_o the_o authority_n they_o have_v of_o appear_v and_o act_v in_o general_a council_n which_o i_o be_o sure_a you_o be_v too_o good_a a_o church_n of_o england_n man_n to_o affirm_v m._n i_o must_v confess_v i_o never_o do_v so_o close_o examine_v the_o ancient_a form_n of_o confer_v of_o bishopric_n before_o the_o conquest_n as_o i_o find_v you_o have_v do_v and_o i_o will_v better_o examine_v your_o authority_n and_o if_o i_o find_v this_o custom_n to_o have_v be_v constant_a and_o uniform_a i_o shall_v come_v over_o to_o your_o opinion_n though_o i_o doubt_v it_o will_v not_o prove_v to_o have_v be_v so_o general_a as_o you_o will_v make_v it_o since_o by_o the_o authority_n you_o have_v now_o bring_v out_o of_o mat._n paris_n it_o appear_v that_o it_o be_v the_o king_n who_o give_v leave_v to_o this_o election_n of_o bishop_n wulstan_n in_o the_o great_a council_n which_o i_o be_o not_o yet_o convince_v do_v then_o take_v upon_o they_o to_o meddle_v in_o ecclesiastical_a matter_n without_o the_o king_n consent_n but_o since_o you_o have_v speak_v enough_o concern_v the_o right_n and_o antiquity_n of_o the_o bishop_n sit_v in_o our_o great_a council_n it_o be_v time_n you_o now_o speak_v of_o the_o right_n of_o the_o peer_n or_o temporal_a lord_n which_o certain_o can_v have_v no_o place_n there_o but_o from_o the_o favour_n and_o concession_n of_o our_o king_n so_o that_o whether_o we_o consider_v those_o lord_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n as_o ruler_n of_o county_n call_v in_o old_a english_a earl_n or_o alderman_n in_o latin_a deuce_n or_o comites_fw-la or_o else_o as_o judge_n or_o counsellor_n call_v in_o old_a saxon_a wites_z or_o wiseman_n in_o latin_a sapientes_fw-la or_o last_o as_o thanes_z in_o latin_a ministri_fw-la who_o be_v either_o military_a tenant_n or_o civil_a minister_n or_o else_o officer_n of_o the_o king_n in_o his_o court_n or_o other_o employment_n none_o of_o they_o be_v hereditary_a in_o those_o time_n but_o all_o of_o they_o either_o depend_v upon_o the_o king_n will_n or_o else_o owe_v their_o honour_n and_o estate_n to_o his_o favour_n f._n i_o hope_v notwithstanding_o the_o confidence_n you_o put_v in_o this_o part_n of_o the_o argument_n that_o it_o have_v no_o more_o weight_n in_o it_o than_o the_o former_a for_o though_o i_o grant_v there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n as_o hereditary_a earldom_n before_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n so_o that_o though_o both_o the_o earl_n and_o alderman_n may_v have_v place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n ratione_fw-la officii_fw-la as_o the_o earl_n marshal_n of_o england_n have_v at_o this_o day_n and_o not_o by_o tenure_n england_n as_o they_o do_v after_o that_o time_n yet_o i_o very_o much_o doubt_n whether_o they_o sit_v there_o only_o ratione_fw-la officii_fw-la and_o not_o as_o thanes_z or_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o great_a lordship_n or_o estate_n in_o land_n but_o if_o they_o sit_v there_o as_o earl_n or_o aldermâ—n_o yet_o may_v they_o not_o be_v the_o only_a person_n that_o sit_v in_o those_o council_n by_o that_o title_n for_o there_o be_v beside_o these_o aldermen_z of_o city_n and_o burrough_n who_o be_v elect_v by_o those_o place_n and_o who_o it_o be_v very_o likely_a appear_v for_o they_o as_o their_o representative_n in_o those_o council_n until_o by_o succession_n of_o time_n those_o town_n begin_v to_o send_v two_o burgess_n in_o their_o stead_n some_o footstep_n of_o which_o still_o remain_v in_o london_n where_o the_o alderman_n of_o every_o ward_n be_v first_o propose_v to_o be_v elect_v parliament_n man_n before_o any_o other_o and_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o these_o alderman_n in_o the_o most_o ancient_a city_n as_o london_n york_n lincoln_n &_o â—_o be_v not_o elect_v by_o any_o grant_n or_o charter_n from_o the_o crown_n but_o by_o a_o immemorial_a right_n of_o prescription_n but_o admit_v that_o these_o earl_n or_o alderman_n appear_v in_o these_o council_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o office_n or_o dignity_n which_o the_o king_n confer_v upon_o they_o yet_o do_v it_o not_o prove_v that_o the_o very_a office_n itself_o proceed_v 〈◊〉_d from_o he_o since_o we_o find_v the_o authority_n of_o those_o chief_a man_n who_o 〈◊〉_d call_v prince_n and_o which_o answer_v these_o earl_n to_o have_v be_v use_v among_o the_o ancient_a german_n long_o before_o when_o he_o tell_v we_o in_o the_o same_o chapter_n where_o we_o cite_v the_o rest_n jura_n per_fw-la pagâ—â—_n viâ—osque_fw-la principes_fw-la reddunt_fw-la â—enteni_fw-la singulis_n ex_fw-la plebe_fw-la comites_fw-la consilium_fw-la simul_fw-la &_o auctoritas_fw-la adsunt_fw-la which_o exact_o answer_v our_o county_n and_o hundred_o court_n under_o the_o saxon_a king_n wherein_o the_o alderman_n of_o the_o county_n or_o his_o deputy_n the_o sheriff_n preside_v and_o the_o free_a man_n of_o the_o county_n or_o hundred_o be_v the_o judge_n of_o all_o matter_n of_o fact_n so_o that_o though_o the_o king_n may_v appoint_v these_o prince_n or_o governor_n of_o province_n or_o county_n yet_o do_v it_o no_o more_o follow_v that_o they_o owe_v their_o be_v and_o place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n whole_o to_o his_o will_n than_o as_o i_o say_v before_o suppose_v that_o the_o king_n have_v ancient_o the_o nomination_n of_o all_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n in_o england_n that_o therefore_o they_o must_v also_o owe_v their_o place_n in_o our_o great_a council_n or_o synod_n whole_o to_o they_o since_o the_o king_n perform_v both_o of_o they_o as_o a_o public_a trust_v commit_v to_o he_o by_o the_o common_a weal_n in_o the_o one_o case_n as_o much_o as_o in_o the_o other_o but_o indeed_o i_o think_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o member_n of_o this_o assembly_n beside_o alderman_n and_o burgess_n for_o city_n and_o town_n consist_v of_o those_o thanes_z who_o name_n be_v often_o find_v in_o the_o subscription_n of_o the_o ancient_a charter_n of_o our_o saxon_a king_n after_o the_o principes_fw-la deuce_n and_o comâ—â—â—s_n and_o that_o though_o many_o of_o they_o may_v be_v the_o king_n feudal_n thanes_z or_o 〈◊〉_d grand_a serjeanty_n or_o knight_n service_n in_o chief_a as_o mr._n sâ—lden_n tell_v we_o in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n 515._o yet_o that_o author_n no_o where_o exclude_v the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._o e._n middle_a or_o less_o thanes_z from_o have_v voice_n in_o those_o assembly_n who_o be_v afterward_o style_v vavissour_n or_o lord_n of_o township_n afterward_o call_v maunor_n with_o court_n annex_v to_o they_o under_o the_o name_n of_o sac_n &_o soc_n which_o be_v the_o same_o with_o our_o court_n 〈◊〉_d and_o courtbaron_n especial_o if_o you_o please_v far_o to_o consider_v what_o a_o vast_a nâ—mber_n of_o alâ—dariâ—_n or_o free_a tenant_n there_o be_v then_o who_o hold_v their_o land_n discharge_v of_o all_o service_n but_o the_o common_a burden_n and_o tax_n of_o the_o nation_n none_o but_o the_o land_n of_o the_o king_n thanes_z be_v hold_v by_o military_a service_n before_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o norman_n so_o that_o whoever_o will_v but_o consider_v the_o nature_n of_o our_o saxon_a council_n will_v find_v that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o person_n that_o appear_v there_o do_v not_o owe_v their_o 〈◊〉_d to_o their_o be_v the_o king_n minister_n or_o officer_n as_o you_o suppose_v but_o to_o their_o hold_v such_o land_n and_o possâ—ssions_n as_o capacitate_v they_o and_o give_v they_o a_o right_a to_o have_v place_n in_o those_o great_a council_n and_o that_o this_o be_v 〈◊〉_d we_o need_v go_v no_o further_o than_o the_o law_n of_o king_n athelâ—â—an_n where_o you_o will_v find_v gâ—mility_n itself_o annex_v to_o a_o estate_n in_o land_n 54._o for_o if_o you_o will_v but_o be_v please_v to_o consult_v king_n athelston_n law_n you_o will_v there_o find_v that_o if_o a_o villaâ—aus_n or_o câ—eorl_n can_v so_o thrive_v as_o to_o get_v a_o estate_n of_o five_o hide_n in_o land_n he_o be_v reckon_v a_o thane_n i._n e._n a_o gentleman_n or_o nobleman_n as_o they_o be_v promiscuoul_o reckon_v at_o that_o time_n so_o that_o though_o i_o suppose_v there_o may_v not_o be_v in_o those_o time_n that_o exact_a distinction_n between_o peer_n and_o commons_o as_o there_o have_v be_v establish_v since_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n yet_o be_v it_o the_o same_o thing_n in_o effect_n since_o the_o bishop_n earl_n or_o alderman_n of_o shire_n though_o not_o enjoy_v as_o hereditary_a honour_n may_v make_v then_o the_o great_a nobility_n or_o peer_n as_o the_o thanes_z be_v the_o less_o nobility_n gentleman_n or_o freeholder_n who_o all_o appear_v in_o person_n may_v together_o with_o
prolix_a already_o which_o the_o abuse_v your_o dr._n have_v put_v upon_o these_o word_n will_v not_o permit_v i_o to_o avoid_v but_o now_o we_o have_v clear_v most_o of_o the_o term_n in_o dispute_n between_o we_o i_o hope_v we_o may_v proceed_v with_o great_a certainty_n m._n though_o your_o discourse_n have_v be_v long_o yet_o since_o it_o be_v so_o essential_o necessary_a to_o the_o right_a understanding_n the_o matter_n in_o hand_n i_o be_o well_o satisfy_v and_o i_o shall_v more_o full_o consider_v the_o account_n you_o give_v of_o these_o word_n another_o time_n but_o a_o present_a give_v i_o leave_v to_o tell_v you_o that_o suppose_v i_o shall_v admit_v that_o those_o word_n on_o which_o you_o have_v now_o give_v interpretation_n of_o divers_a author_n may_v sometime_o be_v take_v in_o the_o sense_n you_o have_v now_o put_v upon_o they_o and_o that_o consequent_o the_o commons_o may_v be_v represent_v under_o some_o of_o those_o general_a name_n yet_o be_o i_o not_o satisfy_v how_o the_o alderman_n and_o magistrate_n of_o city_n and_o borough_n can_v be_v include_v under_o this_o word_n wite_v since_o in_o the_o auctuary_n to_o the_o 35_o law_n of_o edw._n the_o confessor_n it_o be_v say_v erant_fw-la &_o aliae_fw-la potestates_fw-la &_o dignitates_fw-la 67._o per_fw-la provincias_fw-la &_o patrias_n universas_fw-la &_o per_fw-la singulos_fw-la comitatus_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la constitutae_fw-la qui_fw-la heretoches_n apud_fw-la anglos_n vocabantur_fw-la scilicet_fw-la barones_n nobiles_fw-la &_o ensign_fw-la sapientes_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o gregory_n of_o tours_n rodovicus_fw-la and_o many_o of_o the_o foreign_a ancient_a historian_n mention_v sapientes_fw-la only_a as_o lawyer_n counsellor_n judge_n and_o among_o the_o modern_a foreign_a lawyer_n hottomon_n and_o calvin_n say_v express_o they_o be_v such_o but_o perhaps_o not_o of_o the_o inferior_a ranâ—_n no_o more_o than_o the_o saxon_n sapientes_fw-la be_v of_o which_o their_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d only_o consist_v and_o we_o have_v at_o this_o day_n the_o judge_n and_o king_n council_n and_o other_o great_a lawyer_n that_o sit_v in_o the_o lord_n house_n and_o be_v assistant_n to_o the_o parliament_n when_o there_o be_v occasion_n nor_o have_v you_o yet_o bring_v any_o proof_n that_o the_o city_n or_o town_n then_o send_v their_o representative_n to_o the_o great_a council_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n by_o this_o or_o any_o other_o title_n but_o as_o for_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n though_o i_o grant_v the_o treatise_n call_v modus_fw-la tenendi_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la mention_n such_o person_n to_o have_v be_v present_a in_o parliament_n in_o the_o time_n of_o k._n ethelred_n yet_o by_o that_o word_n parliament_n so_o often_o use_v by_o the_o author_n of_o that_o treatise_n and_o divers_a other_o circumstance_n it_o may_v be_v easy_o perceive_v that_o the_o author_n live_v but_o about_o the_o time_n of_o edw._n 3._o or_o rich._n 2._o as_o mr._n selden_n in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n and_o mr._n pryn_n in_o his_o animadversion_n to_o sir_n e._n cook_n be_v four_o institutes_n have_v very_o full_o prove_v so_o that_o admit_v that_o your_o thanes_z or_o lord_n of_o town_n do_v then_o appear_v in_o those_o council_n for_o themselves_o and_o their_o tenant_n yet_o can_v they_o not_o be_v proper_o say_v to_o be_v their_o representative_n because_o as_o i_o tell_v you_o before_o they_o be_v never_o choose_v by_o they_o whereas_o now_o the_o ordinary_a freeholder_n of_o forty_o shilling_n a_o year_n and_o the_o freeman_n and_o inhabitant_n in_o city_n and_o town_n have_v the_o grâ—â—test_a share_n in_o the_o election_n of_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n and_o as_o for_o those_o thanes_z you_o mention_v they_o or_o those_o under_o who_o they_o claim_v owe_v their_o estate_n whole_o to_o the_o grant_n of_o former_a king_n and_o hold_v their_o possession_n from_o they_o by_o some_o tenure_n or_o other_o and_o by_o virtue_n of_o this_o tenure_n it_o be_v that_o all_o the_o land_n of_o england_n be_v liable_a even_o those_o that_o belong_v to_o the_o church_n to_o those_o three_o service_n ancient_o call_v trinoda_n necessitas_fw-la viz._n expediâ—â—â—_n castelli_n &_o pontis_fw-la extructio_fw-la that_o be_v military_a service_n against_o a_o foreign_a enemy_n and_o the_o repair_v of_o castle_n and_o bridge_n and_o subject_a to_o the_o common_a service_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o that_o the_o earl_n and_o chief_z thanes_z do_v hold_v their_o land_n by_o knight_n or_o military_a service_n appear_v by_o the_o relief_n of_o the_o earl_n and_o thanes_z exâ—â—rest_v in_o the_o law_n of_o king_n cnut_n in_o sir_n h._n spelman_n council_n so_o that_o if_o all_o the_o person_n who_o hold_v those_o land_n owe_v they_o whole_o to_o the_o king_n bounty_n it_o seem_v plain_a to_o i_o that_o they_o must_v likewise_o owe_v their_o place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n to_o the_o same_o original_a f._n i_o think_v what_o you_o have_v now_o far_o urge_v will_v be_v of_o no_o great_a moment_n against_o my_o opinion_n for_o as_o to_o the_o authority_n you_o bring_v from_o the_o addition_n to_o that_o law_n of_o edw._n the_o confessor_n it_o be_v plain_a by_o the_o word_n barones_n that_o it_o be_v add_v long_o since_o that_o time_n that_o word_n not_o be_v common_o in_o use_n till_o some_o time_n after_o the_o norman_a conquest_n but_o let_v that_o pass_n it_o be_v plain_a by_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o law_n if_o you_o will_v have_v be_v please_v to_o have_v read_v it_o out_o that_o these_o heretoches_n here_o call_v baron_n be_v no_o other_o than_o ordinary_a gentleman_n or_o thanes_z which_o then_o answer_v the_o word_n barones_n and_o these_o as_o this_o law_n itself_o express_o tell_v we_o be_v choose_v by_o all_o the_o freeman_n in_o the_o folemote_a or_o county-court_n and_o therefore_o though_o i_o grant_v they_o may_v be_v man_n of_o estate_n yet_o there_o be_v no_o necessity_n of_o their_o be_v lord_n or_o noble_a by_o birth_n nor_o be_v it_o likely_a that_o the_o people_n will_v have_v choose_v their_o earl_n or_o any_o other_o of_o the_o like_a order_n to_o command_v they_o when_o they_o have_v sufficient_a choice_n of_o thanes_z or_o gentleman_n in_o their_o own_o country_n to_o command_v the_o military_a force_n of_o it_o and_o though_o it_o be_v true_a these_o gentleman_n be_v call_v noble_n and_o remarkable_a wise_a man_n yet_o this_o according_a to_o your_o own_o show_v do_v not_o exclude_v other_o and_o those_o of_o a_o far_o different_a profession_n viz._n counsellor_n lawyer_n and_o judge_n all_o which_o you_o suppose_v have_v then_o place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n as_o they_o have_v now_o in_o the_o lordâ—_n house_n and_o if_o this_o word_n may_v comprehend_v both_o swordman_n and_o lawyer_n i_o can_v see_v why_o it_o may_v not_o also_o take_v in_o the_o better_o and_o rich_a sort_n of_o citizen_n and_o magistrate_n who_o in_o that_o age_n as_o be_v notorious_a be_v elect_v by_o their_o respective_a corporation_n and_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v that_o these_o be_v call_v sapientes_fw-la in_o other_o country_n and_o i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o they_o â—ny_v not_o have_v be_v call_v so_o here_o too_o but_o that_o the_o king_n judge_n and_o counsellor_n can_v have_v no_o vote_n in_o the_o saxon_a great_a council_n i_o have_v already_o give_v a_o sufficient_a reason_n to_o the_o contrary_n but_o i_o shall_v now_o far_o show_v you_o that_o the_o city_n and_o borough_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n be_v so_o much_o more_o numerous_a and_o considerable_a than_o they_o be_v now_o must_v needs_o have_v have_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o those_o time_n a_o considerable_a share_n in_o those_o great_a council_n since_o in_o they_o consist_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o strength_n and_o riches_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o be_v many_o more_o than_o they_o be_v at_o this_o day_n for_o bede_n 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o history_n that_o there_o be_v in_o england_n long_o before_o his_o time_n 28_o famous_a city_n beside_o innumerable_a castle_n and_o wall_a town_n of_o note_n many_o of_o which_o author_n though_o now_o extreme_o decay_v or_o quite_o mine_v be_v then_o very_o considerable_a the_o great_a and_o rich_a part_n of_o the_o nation_n inhabit_v in_o those_o time_n for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o city_n or_o great_a town_n for_o their_o great_a benefit_n or_o security_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o land_n of_o england_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n and_o long_o after_o â—y_a incultivate_v and_o over_o run_v with_o forest_n and_o bogâ—_n so_o that_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o those_o city_n and_o borough_n be_v they_o so_o considerable_a for_o estate_n in_o land_n as_o well_o as_o other_o richâ—â—_n can_v not_o â—e_v exclude_v from_o have_v place_n both_o in_o the_o british_a or_o saxon_a great_a council_n what_o man_n of_o sense_n can_v
refer_v but_o to_o this_o very_a letter_n which_o be_v assent_v as_o well_o per_fw-la procuratores_fw-la communitatis_fw-la regni_fw-la as_o by_o your_o baron_n here_o call_v nobiles_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o this_o application_n thereof_o be_v give_v by_o mr_n pryn_n himself_o when_o he_o make_v use_v of_o these_o record_n but_o to_o let_v you_o see_v far_o that_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o for_o all_o this_o author_n opinion_n to_o the_o contrary_a 119._o may_v join_v in_o a_o letter_n ro_o the_o pope_n i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o that_o which_o be_v write_v in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o whole_a parliament_n to_o the_o pope_n in_o the_o 17_o the_o of_o edw._n iii_o about_o the_o provision_n of_o benefice_n which_o then_o grow_v so_o exorbitant_a that_o walsingham_n tell_v we_o in_o his_o history_n quod_fw-la rex_fw-la &_o tota_fw-la nobilitas_fw-la regni_fw-la pati_fw-la noluit_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o phrase_n the_o letter_n itself_o will_v best_o explain_v 161._o the_o beginning_n and_o conclusion_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o in_o english_a as_o you_o may_v find_v it_o in_o mr._n fox_n book_n of_o martyr_n to_o the_o most_o holy_a father_n in_o god_n lord_n clement_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n of_o the_o holy_a church_n of_o rome_n 501._o and_o of_o the_o universal_a church_n chief_a and_o high-bishop_n his_o humble_a and_o devout_a child_n the_o prince_n duke_n earls_z baron_n knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n and_o all_o the_o communality_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n assemble_v at_o a_o parliament_n hold_v at_o westminster_n the_o 15_o the_o day_n of_o may_n last_o pass_v etc._n etc._n in_o witness_v whereof_o we_o have_v hereunto_o set_v our_o 〈◊〉_d give_v in_o the_o full_a parliament_n at_o westminst_n on_o the_o 18_o day_n of_o may_n anno_fw-la drâ—_n 1343._o and_o it_o still_o appear_v by_o the_o parliament_n roll_v of_o this_o year_n viz._n 17_o edw._n iii_o n._n 59_o that_o the_o commons_o petition_v the_o king_n that_o the_o lord_n may_v stay_v at_o the_o parliament_n till_o they_o have_v perfect_v and_o seal_v this_o letter_n and_o that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o letter_n then_o write_v by_o the_o parliament_n 3._o appear_v by_o the_o king_n letter_n to_o the_o pope_n about_o the_o same_o matter_n still_o among_o the_o tower_n record_n in_o which_o he_o imitate_v his_o grandfather_n edw._n i._n and_o great_a grandfather_n hen._n iii_o who_o also_o seâ—_n letter_n to_o the_o pope_n on_o such_o like_a occasion_n but_o in_o those_o to_o excuse_v the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n from_o be_v the_o author_n of_o those_o complain_v he_o have_v this_o passage_n that_o since_o it_o be_v the_o judgement_n tam_fw-la procerum_fw-la &_o nobilium_fw-la quaâ—_n communitatis_fw-la regni_fw-la in_o ultimo_fw-la parliamento_fw-la contra_fw-la provisorum_fw-la exercitum_fw-la to_o conclude_v i_o think_v nothing_o be_v plain_a than_o that_o under_o the_o universitas_fw-la regâ—â—_n in_o the_o first_o letter_n to_o the_o pope_n 29_o hen._n iii_o and_o under_o the_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la mention_v in_o the_o letter_n of_o the_o 29_o edw._n i._o be_v mean_v the_o same_o estate_n or_o order_n of_o man_n as_o be_v more_o particular_o recite_v in_o this_o present_a letter_n viz._n the_o 〈◊〉_d lord_n and_o commons_o in_o parliament_n assemble_v m._n i_o must_v free_o tell_v you_o i_o be_o not_o yet_o satisfy_v with_o the_o sense_n you_o now_o put_v â—pon_o these_o word_n universitas_fw-la and_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la before_o the_o commons_o be_v summon_v to_o parliament_n for_o you_o yourself_o must_v grant_v that_o as_o the_o word_n universitas_fw-la regni_fw-la take_v in_o the_o whole_a representative_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n so_o likewise_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la signify_v no_o more_o than_o the_o same_o whole_a body_n or_o community_n thereof_o therefore_o if_o i_o prove_v to_o you_o that_o in_o those_o time_n this_o universâ—â—y_n or_o community_n consist_v only_o of_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la that_o word_n communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la ought_v never_o to_o be_v interpret_v by_o the_o english_a word_n commonalty_n or_o commons_o of_o england_n till_o after_o the_o time_n that_o i_o allow_v the_o commons_o be_v admit_v to_o make_v a_o constituent_a part_n of_o the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n nor_o always_o then_o neither_o and_o mr._n p._n in_o his_o book_n which_o we_o have_v so_o often_o cite_v have_v do_v very_o unfair_o to_o make_v the_o universitas_fw-la and_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la to_o comprehend_v the_o commons_o of_o england_n before_o they_o everappear_v in_o parliament_n at_o all_o and_o so_o have_v he_o likewise_o abuse_v the_o word_n populus_fw-la as_o i_o have_v already_o observe_v to_o signify_v the_o commons_o when_o indeed_o there_o be_v no_o more_o thereby_o mean_v than_o the_o whole_a assembly_n of_o the_o laity_n which_o at_o that_o time_n consist_v of_o no_o more_o than_o the_o earl_n baron_n or_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la 28._o and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o by_o communitas_fw-la praelatorum_fw-la or_o baronum_n be_v often_o understand_v the_o body_n of_o the_o prelate_n or_o great_a baron_n only_o call_v by_o way_n of_o eminency_n proceres_fw-la &_o magnates_fw-la yet_o most_o frequent_o these_o with_o all_o the_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la do_v make_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o king_n be_v immediate_a tenant_n in_o military_a service_n and_o be_v altogether_o call_v the_o baronage_n of_o england_n the_o community_n of_o the_o land_n or_o community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o for_o this_o i_o think_v i_o shall_v give_v you_o undeniable_a proof_n by_o and_o by_o f._n i_o be_o very_a well_o aware_a that_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la often_o signify_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o laity_n yet_o not_o exclude_v the_o commons_o as_o i_o have_v already_o sufficient_o prove_v for_o then_o the_o word_n must_v signify_v quite_o contrary_a to_o its_o genuine_a signification_n instead_o of_o people_n the_o great_a nobility_n only_o yet_o that_o when_o it_o be_v put_v after_o as_o distinct_a from_o magnate_n it_o must_v mean_v the_o commons_o as_o now_o understand_v i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o and_o by_o but_o that_o this_o word_n populus_fw-la do_v not_o always_o signify_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o nobility_n only_o 55._o but_o take_v in_o oftentimes_o the_o commons_o too_o pray_v see_v matt._n west_n who_o tell_v we_o king_n edw._n i._o in_o the_o 34th_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n make_v his_o son_n a_o knight_n pro_fw-la hac_fw-la melitia_fw-la silii_fw-la regis_fw-la concessus_fw-la est_fw-la regi_fw-la zomus_fw-la denarius_fw-la a_o populo_fw-la &_o clero_fw-la mercatores_fw-la vero_fw-la vicesâ—mum_fw-la concesserunt_fw-la upon_o which_o your_o dr._n in_o his_o glossary_a very_a well_o remark_n that_o it_o be_v evident_a upon_o record_n who_o be_v the_o populus_fw-la mean_v by_o the_o historian_n viz._n the_o comites_fw-la barones_n &_o alii_fw-la magnates_fw-la nec_fw-la non_fw-la milites_fw-la comitatuum_fw-la so_o that_o unless_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n be_v lord_n it_o be_v plain_a populus_fw-la take_v in_o the_o commonâ—_n too_o but_o universitas_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la call_v in_o french_a le_fw-fr communâ—_n dangletterre_fw-fr be_v often_o take_v for_o the_o whole_a community_n or_o body_n of_o the_o whole_a parliament_n and_o this_o sir_n edward_n coke_n own_v express_o in_o his_o 2d_o instit._n upon_o these_o word_n in_o articulis_fw-la supâ—â—_n chartas_n 539._o thus_o here_o le_fw-fr commune_fw-la be_v take_v for_o people_n so_o astout_a le_fw-fr commune_fw-la be_v here_o take_v for_o all_o the_o people_n and_o this_o be_v prove_v by_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n for_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la be_v not_o grant_v to_o the_o commons_o of_o the_o realm_n but_o general_o to_o all_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o realm_n viz._n to_o those_o of_o thâ—_n clergy_n and_o to_o those_o of_o the_o nobility_n and_o to_o the_o commons_o also_o and_o this_o be_v a_o rational_a as_o well_o as_o grammatical_a interpretation_n for_o as_o the_o word_n universitas_fw-la be_v derive_v from_o the_o adjective_n universus_fw-la which_o signify_v the_o whole_a 〈◊〉_d universal_a so_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la be_v derive_v from_o the_o adjective_n 〈◊〉_d common_a or_o general_n so_o that_o these_o two_o word_n when_o use_v simple_o in_o a_o political_a 〈◊〉_d legal_a sense_n aught_o to_o take_v in_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o all_o sort_n and_o condition_n of_o freemen_n appear_v themselves_o or_o their_o lawful_a proxy_n or_o representative_n in_o parliament_n but_o i_o have_v already_o sufficient_o prove_v that_o under_o those_o general_n word_n use_v in_o our_o historian_n and_o record_n viz._n principes_fw-la proceres_fw-la nobiles_fw-la magnates_fw-la barones_n &_o alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la be_v then_o comprehend_v either_o all_o the_o considerable_a freeholder_n oâ—_n lord_n of_o manner_n or_o else_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n so_o
welcome_a sir_n but_o i_o do_v not_o expect_v to_o see_v you_o again_o so_o soon_o m._n i_o beg_v your_o pardon_n if_o i_o come_v unreasonable_o but_o the_o truth_n be_v i_o have_v so_o great_a a_o desire_n to_o conclude_v what_o we_o begin_v upon_o that_o important_a subject_n we_o last_o discourse_v of_o that_o i_o can_v not_o be_v at_o ease_n till_o i_o have_v do_v my_o endeavour_n to_o give_v you_o satisfaction_n therein_o if_o it_o be_v possible_a but_o to_o come_v to_o the_o matter_n that_o we_o now_o meet_v about_o i_o must_v now_o tell_v you_o again_o that_o though_o this_o your_o gloss_n upon_o king_n john_n charter_n seem_v plausible_a at_o first_o sight_n nay_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o dr_n own_o way_n of_o divide_v and_o read_v the_o several_a article_n of_o this_o charter_n yet_o upon_o better_a consideration_n i_o can_v see_v no_o good_a reason_n for_o make_v a_o full_a or_o at_o least_o a_o half_a stop_n in_o the_o 16_o the_o article_n after_o these_o word_n omnes_fw-la liberas_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la svas_fw-la add_v the_o rest_n that_o follow_v &_o ad_fw-la habendum_fw-la commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la etc._n etc._n to_o the_o follow_a clause_n &_o de_fw-fr seutagiis_fw-la assidendis_fw-la etc._n etc._n much_o lest_o for_o suppose_v as_o you_o do_v without_o any_o ground_n that_o there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o common_a council_n one_o for_o assess_v escuage_z and_o the_o other_o for_o grant_v all_o other_o aid_n and_o tax_n and_o then_o if_o read_v otherwise_o it_o will_v plain_o appear_v that_o it_o be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o do_v then_o both_o grant_v aid_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o assess_v escuage_z ratione_fw-la tenurae_fw-la which_o i_o be_o the_o more_o incline_v to_o believe_v from_o the_o fourteen_o clause_n here_o cite_v which_o say_v that_o no_o scutage_n or_o aid_n shall_v be_v impose_v unless_o by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n now_o to_o what_o purpose_n be_v this_o so-expressed_a if_o there_o be_v to_o be_v one_o council_n for_o the_o grant_n of_o aid_n and_o another_o for_o the_o assess_n of_o escuage_z so_o that_o if_o this_o common_a council_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la may_v grant_v aid_n and_o assess_v escuage_z upon_o the_o subject_n unless_o in_o the_o case_n before_o except_v i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v the_o only_a council_n for_o the_o give_v their_o assent_n to_o law_n also_o and_o consequent_o of_o conclude_v not_o only_a their_o own_o tenant_n but_o the_o king_n tenant_n in_o petty_a sergeanty_n and_o socage_n nay_o the_o tenant_n of_o any_o other_o person_n whatsoever_o and_o though_o i_o have_v serious_o consider_v mr._n p_n appendix_n to_o the_o right_n of_o the_o commons_o assert_v and_o dr._n b_n answer_n to_o it_o as_o also_o his_o animadversion_n upon_o jani_fw-la anglorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n yet_o can_v i_o not_o see_v any_o colour_n of_o a_o argument_n for_o make_v any_o distinction_n between_o the_o king_n be_v curia_n of_o his_o great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o the_o great_a or_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o that_o they_o be_v then_o all_o one_o and_o the_o same_o it_o will_v be_v tedious_a to_o i_o as_o well_o as_o you_o to_o run_v over_o all_o the_o particular_a authority_n and_o example_n which_o have_v be_v urge_v pro_fw-la and_o con_v in_o this_o question_n but_o i_o desire_v you_o or_o your_o friend_n mr._n p._n to_o show_v i_o that_o there_o be_v any_o bishop_n earls_z baron_n or_o other_o member_n of_o parliament_n in_o the_o time_n we_o now_o treat_v of_o that_o have_v any_o place_n or_o vote_n therein_o but_o according_a to_o their_o tenure_n and_o the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o all_o feudal_n tenant_n who_o by_o the_o german_n gothic_n and_o lombard_n feudal_n law_n which_o in_o substance_n be_v the_o same_o with_o we_o be_v always_o summon_v to_o the_o court_n of_o the_o king_n their_o supreme_a lord_n but_o far_a to_o prove_v that_o this_o council_n for_o assess_v escuage_z be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n of_o those_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la appear_v from_o liâ—tleton's_n tenor_n where_o in_o his_o second_o book_n sect._n 97._o he_o tell_v we_o that_o after_o a_o expedition_n royal_a into_o scotland_n escuage_z shall_v be_v assess_v in_o parliament_n upon_o all_o those_o who_o fail_v to_o do_v their_o service_n in_o that_o expedition_n so_o that_o if_o the_o parliament_n do_v then_o assess_v escuage_z i_o desire_v to_o know_v why_o they_o may_v not_o do_v it_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n john_n iâ—_n this_o great_a council_n of_o the_o arch_a bishop_n bishop_n great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v not_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n in_o those_o time_n yet_o that_o escuage_z be_v not_o always_o assess_v in_o parliament_n after_o this_o charter_n of_o king_n john_n but_o that_o the_o king_n by_o his_o own_o prerogative_n do_v often_o grant_v his_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la a_o power_n to_o take_v scutage_n of_o their_o tenant_n without_o any_o assent_n in_o parliament_n 117._o the_o dr._n have_v give_v you_o above_o a_o dozen_o example_n in_o the_o reign_v of_o hen._n iii_o and_o king_n john_n thus_o it_o be_v for_o aid_n and_o scutage_n service_n but_o if_o it_o be_v for_o scutage_n impose_v in_o parliament_n as_o a_o tax_n upon_o land_n by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o nation_n than_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v not_o only_o the_o sole_a grantor_n but_o the_o collector_n of_o that_o scutage_n too_o from_o their_o mesne_n tenant_n and_o the_o writ_n to_o the_o sheriff_n be_v different_a from_o these_o in_o scutage_n service_n 121._o though_o the_o same_o in_o substance_n as_o likewise_o appear_v by_o those_o record_v the_o dr._n have_v there_o give_v we_o f._n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o i_o shall_v make_v good_a my_o assertion_n and_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o defend_v what_o mr._n p._n have_v in_o his_o learned_a treatise_n assert_v concern_v this_o matter_n in_o the_o first_o place_n i_o must_v stick_v to_o that_o way_n of_o read_v and_o point_v of_o this_o clause_n in_o dispute_n since_o it_o be_v not_o only_o agreeable_a to_o the_o dr_n manuscript_n copy_n but_o also_o to_o the_o old_a french_a copy_n publish_v by_o father_n d'achery_n in_o his_o spicilegium_fw-la vol._n 13._o which_o be_v write_v in_o the_o french_a of_o thaâ—_n time_n but_o to_o answer_v your_o objection_n against_o this_o interpretation_n you_o yourself_o have_v in_o great_a part_n help_v i_o to_o do_v it_o by_o that_o true_a distinction_n you_o have_v now_o make_v between_o a_o scutage_n as_o a_o aid_n or_o tax_n and_o as_o a_o service_n the_o latter_a of_o which_o you_o assert_v may_v be_v grant_v to_o the_o king_n to_o be_v raise_v by_o his_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la upon_o their_o under-tenant_n whereas_o the_o former_a be_v only_o grantable_a in_o parliament_n by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n which_o tax_n i_o affirm_v be_v always_o grant_v to_o the_o king_n and_o impose_v by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n only_o and_o not_o by_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_o before_o the_o expedition_n be_v undertake_v whereas_o scutage_n service_n consider_v as_o a_o payment_n of_o so_o much_o money_n be_v never_o due_a or_o payable_a till_o the_o expedition_n be_v end_v and_o then_o only_o upon_o such_o as_o have_v fail_v to_o serve_v in_o person_n or_o by_o sufficient_a deputy_n and_o be_v then_o to_o be_v assess_v by_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_o and_o though_o i_o grant_v it_o may_v seem_v to_o have_v be_v a_o prerogative_n as_o you_o call_v it_o exercise_v by_o some_o of_o our_o king_n sometime_o to_o grant_v his_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la a_o licence_n to_o take_v scutage_n of_o their_o tenant_n without_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n yet_o such_o payment_n or_o assessment_n be_v either_o according_a to_o law_n 117._o and_o the_o express_a grant_n of_o this_o charter_n itself_o as_o be_v that_o writ_n of_o king_n john_n to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o glocestershire_n for_o the_o assess_n of_o a_o aid_n or_o scutage_n service_n of_o three_o mark_n on_o each_o scute_n upon_o the_o tenant_n of_o saber_n earl_n of_o winchester_n for_o make_v his_o elder_a son_n a_o knight_n and_o which_o the_o say_a earl_n may_v have_v claim_v of_o his_o tenant_n by_o the_o common_a law_n as_o also_o by_o the_o 20_o the_o article_n of_o that_o charter_n but_o for_o scutage_n tax_n littleton_n tell_v we_o lib._n 2._o sect._n 101._o that_o because_o such_o tenement_n come_v at_o first_o from_o the_o lord_n it_o be_v reason_n they_o shall_v have_v escuage_z of_o their_o tenant_n and_o the_o lord_n in_o such_o case_n may_v
the_o true_a meaning_n of_o these_o villani_n by_o another_o record_n dor_n date_v but_o two_o year_n after_o this_o of_o you_o viz._n 21_o hen._n 3._o rex_fw-la vic._n kant_n salut_fw-la sciâ—s_n cum_fw-la octavis_fw-la sancti_fw-la hillarii_n etc._n etc._n ad_fw-la mandatum_fw-la nostrum_fw-la convenirent_fw-la apud_fw-la westm_n '_o archiepiscopi_fw-la episcopi_fw-la abbates_n priores_fw-la comites_fw-la &_o barones_n totius_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la ut_fw-la tractatum_fw-la haberent_fw-la nobiscum_fw-la de_fw-la statu_fw-la nostro_fw-la &_o regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la iidem_fw-la archiepiscopi_fw-la episcopi_fw-la abbates_n priores_fw-la &_o clerici_fw-la terras_fw-la habentes_fw-la quae_fw-la ad_fw-la ecclesias_fw-la non_fw-la pertinent_a comites_fw-la barones_n milites_fw-la &_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la pro_fw-la se_fw-la &_o suis_fw-la villanis_fw-la nobis_fw-la concesserunt_fw-la in_o auxilium_fw-la tricessimam_fw-la partem_fw-la honorum_fw-la from_o this_o record_n we_o may_v observe_v 1._o that_o the_o king_n writ_n be_v only_o issue_v to_o the_o archbishop_n 221._o bishop_n etc._n etc._n earl_n baron_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n 2._o that_o in_o the_o recital_n of_o this_o tax_n the_o sheriff_n be_v tell_v first_o that_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n etc._n etc._n and_o the_o clergy_n which_o have_v land_n not_o belong_v to_o their_o church_n a_o certain_a sign_n that_o they_o grant_v by_o themselves_o and_o out_o of_o nothing_o else_o but_o that_o and_o then_o that_o the_o earl_n baron_n knight_n and_o free_a man_n for_o themselves_o and_o their_o villain_n grant_v a_o thirty_o part_n of_o their_o moveable_n and_o from_o this_o record_n it_o be_v also_o manifest_a these_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la have_v villanos_fw-la if_o not_o bondman_n villagars_a or_o rustic_n colonos_fw-la or_o husbandman_n at_o least_o of_o who_o estate_n by_o public_a assent_n and_o for_o the_o public_a benefit_n they_o may_v in_o part_n dispose_v of_o which_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la according_a to_o the_o tenor_n of_o all_o our_o record_n and_o history_n be_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o that_o the_o villani_n mention_v in_o the_o other_o record_n of_o 16._o hen._n 3._o to_o have_v give_v a_o forty_o part_n of_o their_o movable_n do_v grant_v by_o their_o lord_n that_o be_v their_z lord_n paramount_n that_o be_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la do_v grant_v for_o they_o though_o they_o hold_v it_o not_o immediate_o of_o they_o but_o of_o other_o tenant_n in_o military_a service_n which_o immediate_o hold_v of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o do_v charge_v they_o by_o public_a tax_n have_v be_v show_v from_o divers_a record_n so_o that_o it_o be_v frequent_a in_o those_o time_n to_o say_v such_o and_o such_o concesserunt_fw-la grant_v such_o a_o tax_n that_o be_v by_o those_o who_o have_v power_n and_o authority_n to_o do_v it_o for_o they_o and_o without_o their_o consent_n too_o when_o those_o for_o who_o they_o grant_v be_v not_o capable_a 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capite_fw-la since_o the_o doctor_n and_o yourself_o will_v scarce_o allow_v any_o english_a man_n to_o have_v then_o hold_v land_n in_o capite_fw-la of_o the_o crown_n last_o i_o grant_v this_o word_n fideles_fw-la may_v sometime_o signify_v the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la of_o the_o king_n all_o which_o be_v so_o i_o think_v you_o can_v deny_v that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o bare_a word_n but_o the_o sense_n it_o bear_v in_o the_o place_n where_o it_o be_v use_v that_o must_v direct_v we_o to_o its_o true_a signification_n and_o that_o the_o fideles_fw-la there_o mention_v to_o have_v grant_v caruage_n in_o the_o 4_o the_o of_o hen._n 3._o can_v not_o be_v the_o king_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o i_o have_v give_v you_o a_o sufficient_a reason_n which_o you_o do_v not_o think_v fit_a to_o answer_v viz._n that_o caruage_n be_v a_o general_a tax_n impose_v upon_o all_o the_o land_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o well_o what_o be_v hold_v by_o knight_n service_n as_o what_o be_v not_o and_o how_o your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la can_v tax_v those_o land_n which_o be_v never_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n i_o desire_v you_o will_v resolve_v i_o and_o therefore_o by_o the_o fideles_fw-la here_o mention_v in_o this_o and_o many_o other_o record_n be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o but_o all_o other_o subject_n who_o do_v fealty_n who_o though_o they_o can_v not_o all_o appear_v in_o person_n in_o our_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n yet_o be_v there_o by_o their_o representative_n the_o great_a freeholder_n lord_n of_o manor_n or_o else_o by_o the_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n but_o i_o must_v now_o make_v some_o remark_n upon_o your_o interpretation_n of_o â—he_n writ_n of_o the_o 16_o the_o and_o 21_o the_o of_o hen._n 3._o wherein_o you_o have_v certain_o very_o much_o mistake_v the_o sense_n of_o all_o the_o main_a word_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n as_o for_o the_o clerici_fw-la terras_fw-la habentes_fw-la 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immediate_o come_v after_o episcopi_fw-la &_o pralati_fw-la in_o
and_o service_n to_o the_o hundred_o and_o county_z court_n and_o that_o these_o very_a man_n be_v such_o as_o after_o your_o conquest_n be_v call_v barones_n comitatus_fw-la appear_v in_o this_o that_o those_o who_o before_o the_o conquest_n be_v call_v thanes_z be_v afterward_o call_v baron_n of_o county_n in_o all_o our_o ancient_a law_n and_o charter_n and_o for_o this_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o the_o authority_n of_o sir_n h._n spelman_n in_o his_o glossary_n who_o though_o he_o do_v chief_o understand_v by_o this_o word_n all_o sort_n of_o feudal_a baron_n dwell_v in_o each_o county_n comitatus_fw-la proceres_fw-la nempe_fw-la &_o maneriorum_fw-la domini_fw-la yet_o nor_o only_o these_o but_o necnon_fw-la liberi_fw-la quique_fw-la tenentes_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la fundoâ—um_fw-la proprietarii_fw-la anglice_fw-la freeholder_n ut_fw-la superius_fw-la dectum_fw-la est_fw-la so_o that_o take_v it_o in_o which_o sense_n you_o will_v this_o word_n can_v signify_v only_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o so_o much_o as_o military_a tenant_n as_o you_o suppose_v since_o a_o man_n may_v hold_v a_o manor_n by_o other_o tenor_n than_o knight_n service_n as_o by_o grand_a or_o petty_a serjeanty_n or_o in_o soccage_n by_o a_o certain_a rent_n and_o so_o likewise_o may_v he_o hold_v any_o other_o lesser_a estate_n of_o freehold_n by_o the_o like_a tenor_n which_o if_o it_o be_v so_o your_o drs._n fancy_n of_o tenant_n in_o military_a service_n be_v then_o the_o only_a freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o who_o be_v capable_a of_o serve_v upon_o jury_n in_o the_o hundred_o and_o county_z court_n be_v a_o mere_a chimaera_n without_o any_o ground_n as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v at_o our_o three_o meeting_n when_o i_o show_v you_o by_o the_o word_n liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la so_o often_o mention_v in_o king_n william_n law_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v not_o only_a tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n but_o any_o other_o freeman_n or_o free_a holder_n who_o hold_v land_n or_o other_o possession_n which_o may_v be_v also_o prove_v far_o by_o the_o stat._n of_o merton_n cap._n 10._o as_o appear_v by_o this_o clause_n provisum_fw-la est_fw-la insuper_fw-la quod_fw-la quilibet_fw-la libre_fw-la â—omoqâ—â—_n sectam_fw-la debet_fw-la ad_fw-la comitatum_fw-la trithingum_fw-la hundredum_fw-la &_o wapentagium_fw-la vel_fw-la ad_fw-la 〈◊〉_d domini_fw-la svi_fw-la libere_fw-la possit_fw-la facere_fw-la attornatum_fw-la suum_fw-la ad_fw-la sectas_fw-la illas_fw-la pro_fw-la eo_fw-la faciendas_fw-la whereby_o you_o may_v see_v that_o every_o freeman_n who_o be_v a_o master_n of_o a_o family_n and_o not_o under_o the_o power_n of_o another_o be_v then_o oblige_v to_o pay_v suit_n and_o service_n to_o the_o county_n trthe_v and_o hundred_o court_n but_o say_v you_o these_o person_n who_o be_v juror_n in_o this_o great_a cause_n between_o earl_n odo_n and_o archbishop_n lanfranc_n be_v there_o call_v primores_fw-la and_o probi_fw-la viri_fw-la not_o only_o of_o the_o county_n of_o kent_n but_o other_o county_n where_o the_o land_n lay_v and_o it_o be_v not_o probable_a that_o the_o ordinary_a freeman_n which_o make_v the_o great_a number_n and_o be_v all_o bind_v to_o their_o good_a behaviour_n can_v be_v the_o probi_fw-la &_o legales_fw-la homines_fw-la who_o serve_v upon_o this_o jury_n well_o i_o grant_v it_o that_o these_o gentleman_n you_o speak_v of_o may_v be_v lord_n of_o manor_n and_o considerable_a for_o quality_n and_o estate_n and_o who_o alone_o be_v empanel_v upon_o jury_n in_o this_o and_o other_o such_o great_a trial_n of_o novel_a disseiâ—in_n and_o yet_o for_o all_o that_o those_o lesser_a freeman_n or_o freeholders_n you_o mention_v be_v legales_fw-la homines_fw-la and_o as_o such_o be_v capable_a of_o try_v all_o cause_n of_o what_o nature_n soever_o since_o sir_n h_n spelman_n tell_v we_o in_o his_o glossary_n title_n legalis_fw-la that_o in_o jure_fw-la nostro_fw-la de_fw-la eo_fw-la dicitur_fw-la qui_fw-la stat_fw-la 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that_o all_o suitor_n to_o hundred_o and_o country_n court_n be_v bind_v to_o appear_v there_o under_o great_a penalty_n that_o thâ—re_o may_v be_v a_o jury_n of_o such_o as_o know_v who_o the_o land_n be_v and_o so_o far_o your_o dr._n be_v very_o much_o in_o the_o right_a but_o then_o that_o all_o the_o gentleman_n that_o serve_v upon_o this_o jury_n must_v be_v englishman_n be_v as_o plain_a from_o the_o reason_n he_o have_v now_o give_v we_o and_o if_o he_o have_v not_o tell_v we_o so_o we_o have_v a_o undeniable_a authority_n for_o it_o to_o wit_v the_o ancient_a mss._n call_v codex_fw-la roffâ—nsis_fw-la 197._o quote_v by_o mr._n selâ—en_o in_o his_o note_n upon_o eadmerus_n where_o speak_v of_o this_o trial_n praecipit_fw-la rex_fw-la comitatum_fw-la totum_fw-la viz._n of_o kent_n absque_fw-la mora_fw-la considere_fw-la &_o homines_fw-la comitatus_fw-la omnes_fw-la francigenas_n &_o praeciput_fw-la anglos_n in_fw-la antiquis_fw-la legibus_fw-la &_o consuetudinibus_fw-la peritos_fw-la inâ—unum_fw-la convenire_fw-la but_o it_o also_o add_v &_o alii_fw-la aliorum_fw-la comitatuum_fw-la homines_fw-la and_o so_o confirm_v what_o eadmerus_n say_v so_o that_o nothing_o be_v more_o evident_a by_o your_o doctor_n own_o show_v as_o also_o by_o the_o testimony_n of_o this_o ancient_a author_n that_o this_o great_a cause_n be_v try_v either_o by_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o other_o great_a freeholders_n be_v all_o englishman_n or_o such_o frenchman_n as_o be_v here_o before_o your_o conquest_n so_o that_o from_o this_o famous_a trial_n we_o may_v draw_v two_o of_o three_o confusion_n direct_o contrary_a to_o your_o assertion_n first_o that_o there_o be_v many_o great_a proprietor_n not_o only_o in_o kent_n but_o in_o other_o county_n as_o appear_v by_o eadmerus_n who_o be_v a_o sufficient_a number_n to_o try_v cause_n in_o the_o county_n court_v a_o good_a while_n after_o your_o conqueror_n come_v over_o second_o that_o the_o plead_n and_o verdict_n in_o this_o cause_n be_v before_o englishman_n and_o give_v by_o they_o must_v have_v be_v all_o in_o
thing_n be_v consider_v it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o the_o judge_n and_o clerk_n of_o parliament_n who_o be_v in_o those_o day_n entrust_v with_o the_o draw_v up_o all_o act_n of_o parliament_n be_v great_a master_n of_o the_o french_a than_o latin_a tongue_n choose_v rather_o to_o draw_v they_o up_o in_o the_o former_a and_o thus_o it_o continue_v until_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o seven_o when_o our_o statute_n begin_v first_o to_o be_v draw_v up_o and_o enroll_v in_o english_a m_o i_o confess_v you_o have_v give_v i_o a_o great_a light_n in_o this_o matter_n than_o i_o have_v before_o yet_o i_o suppose_v you_o can_v deny_v that_o the_o tenure_n of_o knight_n service_n with_o those_o clog_n that_o belong_v to_o it_o of_o wardship_n marriage_n and_o relief_n be_v all_o derive_v from_o the_o norman_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o grand_a customer_n of_o normandy_n which_o i_o have_v already_o mention_v so_o that_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o all_o these_o be_v now_o take_v away_o 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as_o for_o any_o love_n or_o respect_v which_o be_v ancient_o pay_v by_o the_o heir_n how_o can_v there_o be_v any_o such_o thing_n since_o the_o king_n grant_v away_o the_o custody_n of_o the_o heir_n and_o his_o land_n to_o person_n who_o for_o the_o most_o part_n make_v a_o mere_a prey_n of_o they_o so_o that_o they_o be_v often_o marry_v against_o their_o consent_n and_o their_o estate_n be_v deliver_v to_o they_o waste_v and_o spoil_v beside_o also_o what_o be_v exact_v from_o they_o for_o relief_n and_o ouster_n lismaine_v we_o need_v not_o wonder_v if_o it_o be_v rather_o a_o cause_n of_o secret_a discontent_n and_o hatred_n of_o the_o king_n prerogative_n than_o otherwise_o and_o therefore_o i_o can_v think_v it_o be_v not_o so_o unpolitick_o do_v by_o the_o king_n to_o render_v himself_o gracious_a and_o acceptable_a to_o his_o people_n upon_o his_o return_n to_o grant_v their_o request_n and_o pass_v that_o act_n for_o take_v away_o ward_n and_o livery_n and_o to_o accept_v of_o a_o revenue_n by_o excise_n of_o treble_a the_o value_n in_o stead_n of_o it_o but_o to_o come_v to_o the_o original_a of_o knight_n service_n itself_o i_o do_v not_o think_v it_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o norman_n since_o we_o be_v certain_a there_o be_v thane_n land_n in_o england_n which_o be_v hold_v of_o the_o king_n and_o that_o by_o knight_n service_n before_o king_n william_n come_v over_o and_o there_o be_v also_o middle_a thanes_z who_o hold_v of_o those_o lord_n above_o they_o by_o the_o like_a service_n insomuch_o that_o in_o the_o law_n of_o k._n knutâ—_n there_o be_v one_o concern_v the_o heriot_n 69._o which_o a_o earl_n the_o king_n thane_n as_o well_o as_o inferior_a thanes_z be_v to_o pay_v not_o only_o to_o the_o king_n but_o to_o other_o inferior_a lord_n which_o be_v almost_o the_o same_o as_o be_v afterward_o reserve_v by_o the_o law_n of_o k._n edward_n the_o confessor_n confirm_v by_o k._n william_n as_o you_o will_v find_v they_o in_o ingulph_n only_o there_o be_v no_o gold_n reserve_v but_o only_a horse_n and_o arm_n whereas_o by_o the_o law_n of_o k._n knute_n each_o e._n be_v to_o pay_v two_o hundred_o manenses_n of_o gold_n each_o king_n thane_n fifty_o and_o each_o inferior_a thane_n two_o pound_n only_a note_n that_o he_o who_o be_v call_v e._n in_o k._n knutes_n law_n be_v call_v a_o count_n in_o these_o the_o thane_n a_o baron_n and_o the_o inferior_a thane_n a_o vavasor_n and_o that_o which_o be_v there_o call_v a_o 〈◊〉_d be_v here_o term_v a_o relief_n and_o that_o this_o tenure_n by_o knight_n service_n which_o be_v now_o call_v escuage_z or_o servitium_n scuti_fw-la be_v of_o ancient_a time_n name_v expeditio_fw-la hominum_fw-la cum_fw-la scutis_fw-la and_o be_v in_o use_n before_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o dane_n 192._o be_v also_o as_o certain_a for_o sir_n e._n coke_n in_o his_o four_o inst._n tell_v we_o that_o we_o may_v in_o the_o charter_n of_o k._n kenulph_n who_o anno_fw-la domini_fw-la 821._o grant_v to_o the_o abbot_n of_o abbindon_n many_o manor_n and_o land_n and_o reserve_v quod_fw-la expeditionem_fw-la duodecim_fw-la virorum_fw-la cum_fw-la tantis_fw-la scutis_fw-la exerceant_fw-la antiqâ—os_fw-la pontes_fw-la &_o arces_fw-la renovent_fw-la and_o also_o he_o mention_n a_o like_a charter_n of_o k._n ethelred_n to_o a_o knight_n call_v athelâ—eâ—_n anno_fw-la domini_fw-la 995_o so_o that_o you_o see_v not_o only_o spiritual_a person_n and_o great_a thanes_z or_o baron_n but_o also_o knight_n hold_v land_n by_o the_o service_n of_o so_o many_o man_n before_o your_o conqueror_n and_o your_o dr._n also_o himself_o allow_v it_o for_o in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n in_o all_o ancient_a charter_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n he_o translate_v the_o word_n fidelâ—s_v by_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o military_a service_n m._n i_o will_v not_o deny_v that_o military_a fee_n be_v in_o use_n before_o the_o conquest_n and_o also_o that_o the_o feudal_a law_n do_v obtain_v here_o in_o many_o thing_n and_o therefore_o i_o be_o so_o far_o of_o the_o doctor_n opinion_n who_o in_o his_o gossary_a tit._n feudal_n law_n tell_v we_o the_o feudal_n law_n obtain_v to_o most_o nation_n of_o europe_n and_o in_o normandy_n be_v in_o its_o full_a vigour_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o come_n over_o of_o the_o conqueror_n 3._o but_o afterward_o grow_v more_o mild_a and_o qualify_v as_o also_o the_o tenure_n itself_o a_o perfect_a description_n of_o which_o with_o all_o its_o incident_n of_o homage_n relief_n ward_n marriage_n escuage_z aid_n etc._n etc._n be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o grand_a customer_n cap._n 29.33_o 34_o 35._o and_o although_o there_o be_v military_a fief_n or_o fee_n here_o in_o the_o saxon_a time_n yet_o not_o in_o such_o manner_n as_o after_o the_o conquest_n establish_v here_o by_o william_n the_o conqueror_n and_o according_a to_o the_o usage_n in_o normandy_n when_o as_o it_o appear_v by_o doomesday-book_n in_o every_o county_n he_o divide_v most_o if_o not_o 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cowardice_n of_o his_o soldier_n f._n methinks_v sir_n there_o be_v no_o such_o great_a cause_n of_o wonder_n much_o less_o of_o concern_v in_o all_o this_o for_o who_o can_v much_o admire_v that_o a_o prince_n shall_v be_v thus_o use_v who_o have_v not_o only_o provoke_v a_o powerful_a enemy_n to_o invade_v he_o from_o abroad_o but_o by_o industrious_o labour_v to_o introduce_v popery_n and_o arbitrary_a government_n at_o home_n have_v lose_v the_o heart_n of_o almost_o all_o except_o his_o popish_a subject_n insomuch_o that_o many_o of_o his_o own_o soldier_n be_v so_o terrify_v with_o the_o thought_n of_o be_v discard_v like_o the_o protestant_a army_n in_o ireland_n to_o make_v room_n for_o irish_a and_o french_a papist_n that_o they_o have_v very_o little_a courage_n to_o fight_n when_o they_o see_v casheer_v be_v the_o best_a reward_n they_o can_v expect_v if_o they_o prove_v victorious_a and_o who_o can_v much_o pity_v a_o prince_n who_o will_v rather_o loose_v the_o affection_n of_o his_o people_n than_o displease_v a_o few_o priest_n and_o jesuit_n so_o that_o if_o he_o suffer_v he_o may_v thank_v himself_o it_o not_o be_v religion_n but_o superstition_n which_o bring_v this_o misfortune_n upon_o he_o since_o the_o king_n have_v get_v a_o prince_n of_o wales_n and_o as_o it_o be_v high_o suspect_v join_v himself_o in_o a_o strict_a league_n with_o france_n for_o the_o extirpation_n of_o heretic_n it_o lay_v a_o absolute_a necessity_n upon_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n to_o come_v over_o that_o by_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o state_n of_o holland_n he_o may_v not_o only_o relieve_v we_o but_o vindicate_v his_o own_o and_o her_o royal_a highness_n his_o princess_n right_a to_o the_o succession_n and_o secure_v his_o country_n from_o a_o dangerous_a and_o powerful_a invasion_n which_o it_o be_v threaten_v with_o both_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n whenever_o the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o england_n shall_v be_v at_o leisure_n to_o join_v their_o force_n to_o 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the_o dutch_a nor_o the_o prince_n their_o stadt-holder_n give_v he_o till_o now_o any_o just_a provocation_n m._n well_o however_o these_o be_v but_o bare_a suspicion_n and_o presumption_n at_o most_o and_o not_o proof_n and_o therefore_o in_o a_o doubtful_a matter_n as_o this_o be_v if_o we_o ought_v to_o judge_v favourable_o of_o the_o action_n of_o other_o much_o more_o of_o prince_n who_o council_n and_o action_n though_o private_a yet_o be_v still_o expose_v to_o the_o censure_n and_o calumny_n of_o their_o enemy_n and_o therefore_o i_o hope_v you_o will_v not_o blame_v i_o if_o i_o free_o confess_v that_o i_o be_o deep_o concern_v to_o see_v a_o innocent_a and_o mislead_v king_n force_v to_o seek_v his_o bread_n in_o a_o foreign_a land_n and_o the_o more_o since_o many_o of_o the_o nobility_n gentry_n and_o common_a people_n have_v contribute_v so_o much_o to_o it_o by_o take_v up_o arm_n against_o he_o and_o that_o so_o great_a a_o part_n of_o his_o own_o army_n and_o officer_n shall_v contrary_v to_o their_o allegiance_n and_o trust_v repose_v in_o they_o run_v over_o to_o the_o enemy_n nay_o that_o some_o of_o our_o bishop_n and_o clergyman_n shall_v contrary_a to_o the_o so_o often_o acknowledge_v doctrine_n of_o passiveâ—_n obedience_n and_o nonresistance_n not_o only_a countenance_n but_o be_v likewise_o active_a in_o such_o desperate_a undertake_n and_o this_o in-direct_a opposition_n to_o the_o know_a law_n of_o god_n and_o this_o kingdom_n which_o must_v needs_o make_v our_o church_n a_o scorn_n to_o our_o enemy_n the_o papist_n and_o a_o shame_n and_o reproach_n to_o all_o protestant_a church_n abroad_o and_o render_v the_o people_n of_o england_n odious_a to_o all_o the_o crown_a head_n in_o europe_n f._n well_o sir_n i_o see_v you_o be_v very_o warm_a and_o i_o hope_v more_o than_o the_o cause_n deserve_v you_o may_v judge_v as_o favourable_o of_o the_o king_n proceed_n and_o as_o hardly_o of_o the_o action_n of_o the_o nobility_n gentry_n clergy_n 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indeed_o they_o have_v more_o reason_n to_o laugh_v at_o you_o whilst_o you_o maintain_v than_o when_o you_o quit_v they_o since_o as_o they_o have_v only_o render_v you_o a_o fit_a object_n of_o their_o scorn_n so_o they_o will_v have_v make_v you_o but_o a_o more_o casâ—â—_n sacrifice_n to_o their_o malice_n for_o what_o can_v thief_n desire_v more_o than_o that_o those_o they_o design_v to_o rob_v shall_v think_v it_o unlawful_a to_o resist_v they_o and_o what_o can_v the_o papist_n have_v wish_v for_o more_o than_o that_o our_o hand_n be_v fotter_v by_o this_o doctrine_n of_o a_o indefinite_a passive-obedience_n our_o life_n religion_n and_o liberty_n shall_v lie_v at_o their_o mercy_n which_o how_o long_o we_o shall_v have_v enjoy_v whenever_o they_o think_v themselves_o â—â—rong_a enough_o to_o take_v they_o away_o the_o late_a cruel_a persecution_n and_o extirpation_n of_o the_o protestant_n in_o france_n savey_n hungary_n and_o other_o place_n have_v prove_v but_o too_o fatal_a example_n and_o therefore_o no_o wonder_n let_v your_o high-flown_a churchman_n write_v or_o preach_v what_o they_o please_v if_o the_o body_n of_o the_o nobility_n gentry_n and_o people_n of_o england_n can_v never_o be_v persuade_v to_o swallow_v doctrine_n so_o fatal_a to_o their_o religion_n and_o destructive_a to_o their_o civil_a right_n and_o liberty_n both_o as_o mon_n and_o christian_n and_o as_o for_o the_o antiquity_n of_o these_o doctrine_n i_o think_v they_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v the_o ancient_a tenet_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n that_o they_o be_v neither_o to_o be_v find_v in_o its_o chatechism_n thirty_o nine_o article_n or_o book_n of_o homily_n take_v in_o their_o true_a sense_n and_o mean_v tho'_o indeed_o there_o be_v something_o that_o may_v tend_v that_o way_n in_o some_o of_o the_o late_a church-canon_n about_o
fifty_o year_n ago_o but_o i_o do_v not_o look_v upon_o they_o as_o the_o ancient_n establish_v doctrine_n of_o our_o church_n because_o these_o canon_n be_v not_o confirm_v but_o condemn_v by_o two_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o consequent_o never_a legal_o establish_v as_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v by_o the_o public_a saction_n of_o the_o king_n and_o nation_n our_o old_a queen_n elix_fw-la divine_v 280._o such_o as_o bishop_n bilson_n and_o mr._n hooker_n be_v whole_o ignorant_a of_o these_o doctrine_n nay_o teach_v in_o several_a place_n of_o their_o write_n the_o quite_o contrary_a noâ—_n be_v this_o doctrine_n of_o absolute_a subjection_n and_o nonresistance_n ever_o general_o maintain_v until_o about_o the_o middle_n of_o king_n iame_n reign_n when_o some_o court_n bishop_n and_o divine_n begin_v to_o make_v new_a discovery_n in_o politic_n as_o well_o as_o divinity_n and_o do_v by_o their_o preach_a and_o write_n affirm_v that_o the_o king_n have_v a_o absolute_a power_n over_o 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king_n charles_n the_o first_o dr._n manwaring_n preach_v before_o he_o the_o substance_n of_o who_o sermon_n be_v somewhat_o high_o than_o the_o former_a 609._o viz._n that_o the_o king_n be_v not_o bind_v by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n not_o to_o impose_v tax_n or_o subsidy_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o parliament_n and_o that_o when_o they_o be_v so_o impose_v the_o subject_n be_v oblige_v in_o conscience_n and_o upon_o pain_n of_o damnation_n to_o pay_v they_o which_o if_o they_o refuse_v to_o do_v they_o be_v guilty_a of_o disloyalty_n and_o rebelion_n for_o which_o sermon_n he_o be_v impeach_v by_o the_o commons_o in_o parliament_n 4._o car._n i_o and_o thereupon_o sentence_v by_o the_o house_n of_o lord_n to_o be_v disable_v to_o hold_v or_o receve_v any_o ecclesiastical_a live_n or_o secular_a office_n whatever_o and_o also_o to_o be_v imprison_v and_o fine_v a_o thousand_o pound_n notwithstanding_o all_o which_o we_o find_v he_o present_o after_o the_o parliament_n be_v dissolve_v not_o only_o at_o liberty_n 635._o but_o also_o present_v by_o the_o king_n to_o a_o rich_a benefice_n in_o essex_n and_o not_o long_o after_o make_v bishop_n of_o st._n david_n so_o likewise_o one_o dr._n sibthorp_n about_o the_o same_o time_n preach_v a_o assize_n sermon_n at_o northamtâ—n_n on_o rom._n 13.7_o wherein_o he_o maintain_v much_o the_o like_a doctrine_n as_o that_o it_o be_v the_o king_n alone_o that_o make_v the_o law_n and_o that_o nothing_o can_v excuse_v from_o a_o active_a obedience_n to_o his_o command_n but_o what_o be_v against_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o nature_n and_o that_o king_n have_v power_n to_o lay_v pole_n money_n upon_o their_o subject_a head_n but_o this_o much_o i_o have_v read_v that_o this_o sermon_n be_v license_v by_o dr._n laud_n then_o bishop_n of_o st._n david_n 434._o because_o archbishop_n abbot_n have_v refuse_v to_o do_v it_o as_o contrary_a to_o law_n for_o which_o he_o be_v very_o much_o frwon_v upon_o at_o court_n and_o it_o be_v suppose_v to_o have_v be_v one_o of_o the_o main_a cause_n of_o his_o suspension_n from_o his_o archepiscopal_a jurisdiction_n which_o not_o long_o after_o happen_v but_o as_o for_o this_o siothâ—rp_a though_o he_o live_v long_o after_o even_o till_o the_o king_n return_v yet_o be_v as_o archbishop_n abbot_z describe_v he_o a_o man_n of_o but_o small_a learning_n i_o can_v learn_v that_o he_o be_v ever_o prefer_v high_o than_o the_o parsonage_n of_o barchley_n and_o in_o northamptonshire_n but_o i_o find_v a_o new_a doctrine_n broach_v by_o some_o modern_a bishop_n and_o divine_n about_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n james_n the_o first_o that_o monarchy_n be_v of_o divine_a right_n or_o institution_n at_o least_o so_o that_o any_o other_o government_n be_v scarce_o warrantable_a or_o lawful_a and_o of_o this_o new_a sect_n we_o must_v more_o especial_o take_v notice_n of_o sir_n r._n f._n who_o have_v write_v several_a treatise_n to_o prove_v this_o doctrine_n and_o which_o be_v worse_o that_o all_o monarch_n be_v absolute_a they_o can_v be_v limit_v or_o oblige_v either_o by_o oath_n law_n or_o contract_n with_o their_o people_n 8._o far_o than_o they_o themselves_o shall_v think_v fit_a or_o consistent_a with_o their_o suppose_a prerogative_n of_o which_o they_o only_o be_v to_o be_v the_o sole_a judge_n so_o that_o whoever_o will_v but_o consider_v from_o the_o reign_n of_o our_o four_o last_o king_n what_o strong_a inclination_n they_o have_v to_o render_v themselves_o absolute_a and_o that_o few_o divine_n or_o common_a or_o civil_a lawyer_n be_v prefer_v in_o their_o reign_n to_o any_o considerable_a place_n either_o in_o church_n or_o state_n prerogative_n who_o do_v not_o maintain_v these_o new_a opinion_n both_o on_o the_o bench_n and_o in_o the_o pulpit_n you_o need_v not_o wonder_v when_o the_o stream_n of_o court_n preferment_n run_v so_o strong_a that_o way_n if_o so_o many_o be_v carry_v away_o with_o it_o since_o it_o be_v but_o to_o expose_v themselves_o to_o certain_a misery_n if_o not_o to_o utter_v ruin_n to_o oppugn_v it_o all_o who_o offer_v by_o speak_v or_o write_v to_o maintain_v the_o contrary_a be_v brand_v with_o the_o odious_a name_n of_o puritan_n commonwealths-man_n whig_n etc._n etc._n some_o of_o who_o you_o may_v remember_v be_v not_o long_o since_o imprison_v fine_v nay_o whip_v for_o so_o do_v so_o that_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o there_o be_v but_o very_o few_o to_o be_v find_v who_o dare_v with_o so_o great_a hazard_n speak_v what_o they_o think_v nor_o can_v any_o thing_n but_o the_o imminent_a danger_n upon_o our_o law_n religion_n and_o property_n proceed_v from_o the_o king_n illegal_a practice_n have_v open_v the_o eye_n of_o a_o great_a many_o nobleman_n gentleman_n and_o clergy_n who_o contrary_a to_o the_o opinion_n so_o much_o late_o in_o vogue_n do_v generous_o venture_v both_o their_o life_n and_o estate_n to_o join_v their_o arm_n with_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n against_o the_o king_n unjust_a and_o violent_a proceed_n m._n i_o do_v not_o doubt_v notwithstanding_o all_o you_o have_v say_v to_o prove_v before_o i_o have_v do_v these_o doctrine_n of_o nonresistance_n and_o of_o the_o divine_a institution_n of_o monarchy_n to_o be_v most_o consonant_a to_o the_o word_n of_o god_n and_o to_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o primitive_a church_n and_o also_o to_o that_o of_o our_o reform_a church_n of_o england_n nor_o be_v those_o divine_n you_o mention_n in_o k._n james_n the_o first_o be_v time_n the_o author_n or_o inventor_n of_o these_o doctrine_n which_o be_v public_o receive_v and_o decree_v by_o both_o house_n of_o that_o convocation_n which_o begin_v in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o k._n james_n and_o continue_v till_o the_o year_n 1610._o as_o appear_v by_o divers_a manuscript_n copy_n of_o the_o act_n or_o decree_n of_o this_o convocation_n the_o original_a of_o which_o be_v late_o in_o the_o library_n found_v by_o dr._n cousin_n late_a bishop_n of_o durham_n beside_o a_o very_a fair_a copy_n now_o to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o archbishop_n library_n at_o lambeth_n which_o if_o you_o please_v to_o peruse_v you_o may_v be_v quick_o satisfy_v that_o the_o church_n of_o england_n long_o before_o ever_o sir_n r._n f._n writ_n thoses_fw-fr treatise_n you_o mention_v hold_v that_o civil_a power_n be_v give_v by_o god_n to_o adam_n and_o noah_n and_o their_o descendant_n as_o also_o that_o absolute_a subjection_n and_o obedience_n be_v due_a to_o all_o sovereign_a power_n without_o any_o resistance_n as_o claim_v under_o those_o original_a charter_n these_o doctrine_n be_v there_o full_o and_o plain_o lay_v down_o and_o assert_v as_o the_o doctrine_n of_o our_o church_n so_o that_o you_o deal_v very_o unjust_o with_o the_o memory_n of_o those_o divine_n as_o also_o of_o sir_n r._n f._n to_o
and_o subjection_n to_o prince_n but_o by_o a_o humane_a ordinance_n what_o reason_n be_v there_o that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n shall_v give_v place_n to_o those_o of_o man_n i_o can_v easy_o reply_v that_o the_o power_n of_o a_o father_n over_o his_o child_n give_v place_n and_o be_v subordinate_a to_o the_o supreme_a power_n because_o they_o be_v both_o ordain_v so_o by_o god_n in_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n it_o be_v high_o reasonable_a that_o the_o good_a of_o a_o private_a family_n shall_v give_v place_n to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n which_o be_v a_o sufficient_a reason_n and_o extend_v to_o all_o nation_n which_o never_o so_o much_o as_o hear_v of_o the_o ten_o commandment_n but_o to_o come_v to_o your_o quotation_n out_o of_o seneca_n i_o think_v this_o have_v a_o great_a deal_n less_o weight_n in_o it_o than_o your_o argument_n from_o the_o five_o commandment_n for_o though_o this_o philosopher_n write_v to_o the_o emperor_n to_o persuade_v he_o to_o 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monarchy_n where_o they_o treat_v their_o subject_n like_o slave_n and_o allow_v they_o no_o property_n either_o in_o land_n or_o good_n farther_o than_o they_o think_v sit_v and_o to_o have_v their_o person_n and_o live_v whole_o at_o their_o mercy_n to_o be_v castrate_v make_v slave_n of_o or_o kill_v as_o often_o as_o it_o shall_v please_v their_o humour_n or_o passion_n and_o i_o doubt_v if_o you_o will_v but_o read_v ancient_a as_o well_o as_o modern_a history_n and_o also_o survey_v the_o state_n of_o mankind_n in_o all_o the_o absolute_a monarchy_n between_o france_n and_o japan_n you_o will_v find_v more_o frequent_a example_n of_o the_o evil_a than_o good_a affection_n of_o these_o your_o artificial_a father_n towards_o their_o adopt_a child_n m._n i_o can_v deny_v but_o you_o have_v give_v a_o very_a tragical_a account_n of_o the_o tyranny_n and_o oppression_n under_o divers_a absolute_a monarchy_n now_o in_o the_o world_n yet_o this_o be_v not_o the_o fault_n of_o the_o government_n but_o of_o the_o evil_a principle_n bâ—d_v education_n or_o temper_v of_o those_o monarch_n as_o also_o often_o time_n from_o the_o unquiet_a and_o rebellious_a disposition_n of_o their_o subject_n from_o the_o distrust_v of_o which_o 3._o they_o place_v all_o their_o security_n in_o stand_a army_n and_o guard_n so_o that_o i_o must_v grant_v that_o all_o those_o government_n that_o be_v maintain_v by_o army_n too_o strong_a for_o the_o subject_n in_o general_a be_v 〈◊〉_d and_o degenerate_a into_o despotic_a monarchy_n and_o be_v unsafe_a both_o to_o the_o prince_n and_o people_n and_o to_o let_v you_o see_v that_o it_o be_v not_o my_o intention_n 〈◊〉_d maintain_v 6._o or_o defend_v oppression_n or_o tyranny_n i_o must_v free_o assert_v with_o sir_n r._n f._n who_o principle_n i_o here_o take_v upon_o i_o to_o maintain_v that_o all_o prince_n be_v bind_v to_o treat_v their_o subject_n as_o their_o child_n and_o that_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o mankind_n to_o make_v their_o offspring_n slave_n and_o that_o all_o king_n nay_o conqueror_n too_o be_v bind_v to_o preserve_v the_o land_n good_n liberty_n and_o live_v of_o all_o their_o subject_n not_o by_o any_o municipal_a law_n but_o by_o the_o natural_a law_n of_o a_o father_n which_o bind_v they_o to_o ratify_v the_o act_n of_o their_o fore_n father_n and_o predecessor_n in_o thing_n necessary_a for_o the_o public_a good_a of_o their_o subject_n but_o yet_o you_o have_v not_o do_v fair_o not_o to_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o great_a oppression_n that_o be_v exercise_v in_o some_o commonwealth_n likewise_o towards_o their_o subject_n which_o if_o you_o will_v please_v to_o consider_v and_o weigh_v the_o fewness_n of_o these_o against_o the_o great_a number_n of_o monarchy_n now_o in_o the_o world_n i_o believe_v you_o will_v have_v good_a cause_n to_o confess_v that_o there_o be_v many_o more_o good_a monarch_n 13._o than_o equal_a commonwealth_n and_o i_o do_v believe_v there_o be_v 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be_v not_o only_o without_o all_o ground_n of_o reason_n but_o above_o common_a apprehension_n m._n you_o have_v make_v a_o long_a speech_n in_o answer_n to_o my_o hypothesis_n which_o since_o you_o be_v not_o satisfy_v with_o i_o can_v likewise_o show_v you_o another_o very_a good_a reason_n why_o the_o people_n shall_v love_v and_o reverence_v their_o prince_n and_o that_o be_v those_o great_a liberty_n and_o concession_n that_o all_o the_o monarch_n of_o europe_n have_v grant_v their_o subject_n which_o be_v now_o past_a into_o the_o settle_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o those_o kingdom_n with_o which_o the_o people_n ought_v to_o be_v very_o well_o content_v nor_o ought_v they_o to_o rebel_n or_o resist_v though_o they_o may_v sometime_o out_o of_o wantonness_n and_o necessity_n infringe_v or_o entrench_v upon_o those_o privilege_n which_o they_o or_o their_o ancestor_n have_v confer_v upon_o they_o since_o they_o can_v never_o forseit_v that_o power_n they_o have_v original_o over_o 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the_o father_n please_v to_o sell_v one_o or_o two_o of_o his_o child_n who_o he_o least_o love_v to_o provide_v portion_n for_o the_o rest_n he_o may_v lawful_o do_v it_o for_o any_o thing_n i_o see_v to_o the_o contrary_n so_o likewise_o immediate_o after_o he_o assert_v the_o superiority_n of_o all_o prince_n above_o law_n because_o there_o be_v king_n long_o before_o there_o be_v any_o law_n and_o all_o the_o next_o paragraph_n be_v whole_o spend_v in_o prove_v the_o unlimited_a jurisdiction_n of_o king_n above_o law_n as_o it_o be_v describe_v by_o samuel_n when_o the_o israelite_n desire_v a_o king_n so_o that_o it_o signify_v little_a what_o law_n prince_n make_v or_o what_o privilege_n they_o grant_v their_o subject_n since_o they_o may_v alter_v they_o or_o abrogate_v they_o when_o ever_o they_o please_v m._n but_o pray_v take_v along_o with_o you_o what_o he_o say_v in_o the_o next_o paragraph_n you_o quote_v where_o you_o may_v see_v these_o word_n it_o be_v â—here_o 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dispensation_n general_o to_o all_o papist_n and_o other_o that_o will_v transgress_v this_o law_n it_o amount_v to_o the_o same_o thing_n during_o his_o pleasure_n as_o a_o absolute_a abrogation_n of_o it_o and_o therefore_o i_o do_v very_o much_o wonder_v why_o divers_a who_o be_v very_o zealous_a for_o the_o church_n of_o england_n and_o the_o king_n prerogative_n shall_v be_v so_o angry_a with_o he_o for_o erect_v that_o power_n which_o not_o only_o this_o author_n but_o all_o other_o of_o his_o principle_n have_v place_v in_o he_o and_o if_o the_o king_n may_v suspend_v this_o and_o all_o other_o law_n upon_o cause_n only_o know_v to_o he_o i_o do_v not_o see_v how_o he_o differ_v from_o be_v as_o absolute_a and_o arbitrary_a a_o monarch_n as_o the_o great_a turk_n himself_o and_o may_v when_o he_o please_v notwithstanding_o all_o law_n to_o the_o contrary_a take_v away_o man_n life_n without_o any_o due_a form_n of_o law_n and_o raise_v tax_n without_o consent_n of_o parliament_n 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king_n be_v bind_v to_o preserve_v the_o life_n and_o estate_n of_o their_o subject_n not_o by_o any_o municipal_a law_n of_o the_o land_n but_o by_o the_o natural_a law_n of_o a_o father_n which_o bind_v they_o to_o ratify_v the_o act_n of_o their_o predecessor_n in_o thing_n necessary_a for_o the_o public_a good_a of_o their_o subject_n now_o this_o paternal_a power_n be_v large_a enough_o of_o all_o conscience_n to_o discharge_v prince_n from_o any_o obligation_n to_o the_o law_n far_o than_o they_o please_v for_o it_o before_o appear_v that_o the_o father_n of_o a_o family_n govern_v by_o no_o other_o law_n than_o by_o his_o own_o will_n and_o not_o by_o the_o law_n and_o will_n of_o his_o son_n or_o servant_n therefore_o if_o the_o power_n of_o the_o king_n be_v whole_o paternal_a he_o may_v alter_v this_o will_n of_o he_o as_o often_o as_o he_o please_v nor_o can_v his_o subject_n who_o be_v all_o one_o with_o son_n and_o servant_n have_v any_o reason_n to_o find_v fault_n with_o it_o for_o he_o say_v there_o be_v no_o nation_n that_o allow_v child_n any_o remedy_n for_o be_v unjust_o govern_v and_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o he_o restrain_v this_o prerogative_n both_o in_o father_n and_o king_n to_o the_o public_a good_a of_o their_o child_n and_o subject_n yet_o as_o long_o as_o he_o be_v leave_v the_o sole_a and_o uncontrollable_a judge_n of_o what_o be_v for_o the_o public_a good_a all_o these_o fine_a pretence_n will_v signify_v nothing_o for_o he_o be_v bind_v to_o observe_v or_o ratify_v no_o law_n or_o act_n of_o his_o predecessor_n but_o what_o he_o be_v satisfy_v tend_v to_o this_o end_n so_o that_o if_o he_o think_v fit_a to_o judge_n that_o magna_fw
subsist_v without_o it_o the_o people_n or_o such_o a_o considerable_a part_n of_o they_o may_v not_o in_o case_n their_o life_n liberty_n and_o person_n be_v unjust_o assault_v and_o oppress_v it_o by_o the_o officer_n or_o stand_a army_n of_o the_o prince_n or_o other_o supreme_a power_n for_o their_o own_o defence_n take_v up_o arm_n to_o defend_v their_o life_n liberty_n and_o estate_n against_o such_o a_o arm_a force_n and_o violence_n where_o by_o the_o way_n i_o desire_v you_o to_o take_v notice_n that_o i_o do_v here_o asolute_o disclaim_v all_o resistance_n of_o or_o self_n defence_n against_o civil_a authority_n or_o the_o officer_n commissioned_n by_o it_o by_o any_o private_a single_a person_n whether_o such_o power_n be_v exert_v according_a to_o law_n or_o not_o or_o else_o abuse_v in_o some_o case_n to_o the_o hurt_n or_o destruction_n of_o such_o single_a person_n only_o so_o that_o i_o suppose_v this_o resistance_n to_o be_v lawful_a only_o in_o case_n of_o a_o general_a destruction_n or_o intolerable_a oppression_n of_o the_o whole_a people_n or_o at_o least_o a_o very_a considerable_a part_n of_o they_o and_o those_o that_o be_v in_o the_o chief_a place_n of_o the_o administration_n m._n i_o confess_v the_o doctrine_n of_o resistance_n as_o you_o have_v put_v it_o seem_v at_o first_o somewhat_o plausible_a and_o to_o tend_v to_o the_o common_a good_a and_o preservation_n of_o the_o people_n or_o civil_a society_n but_o let_v i_o tell_v you_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o when_o ever_o it_o come_v to_o be_v put_v in_o practice_n it_o prove_v like_o the_o other_o speculation_n of_o commonwealthsman_n more_o hurtful_a than_o beneficial_a to_o the_o common_a safety_n and_o preservation_n of_o the_o people_n and_o consequent_o more_o destructive_a to_o the_o main_a end_n of_o government_n than_o conducive_a to_o the_o good_a and_o happiness_n of_o mankind_n and_o last_o of_o all_o that_o such_o resistance_n can_v well_o be_v maintain_v or_o execute_v without_o the_o depose_n or_o absolute_a destruction_n of_o the_o prince_n or_o other_o supreme_a magistrate_n whatever_o may_v be_v pretend_v to_o the_o contrary_n and_o indeed_o it_o be_v almost_o impossible_a to_o suppose_v that_o any_o monarch_n or_o supreme_a magistrate_n shall_v ever_o unless_o they_o be_v stark_o mad_a purposely_o go_v about_o to_o kill_v or_o destroy_v their_o subject_n in_o the_o multitude_n and_o safety_n of_o who_o consist_v his_o chief_a strength_n and_o riches_n and_o you_o may_v as_o well_o tell_v i_o that_o a_o shepherd_n whilst_o he_o be_v in_o his_o right_a wit_n shall_v go_v about_o to_o kill_v or_o destroy_v his_o flock_n as_o that_o a_o monarch_n shall_v wilful_o intend_v to_o kill_v or_o destroy_v his_o people_n to_o conclude_v since_o the_o people_n must_v be_v in_o all_o case_n of_o tyranny_n or_o oppression_n their_o own_o judge_n and_o executioner_n too_o there_o be_v no_o rebellion_n so_o rank_a and_o wicked_a that_o this_o pretence_n of_o a_o self-defence_n of_o man_n life_n estate_n and_o liberty_n may_v not_o justify_v whereas_o indeed_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o all_o natural_a and_o civil_a justice_n for_o the_o injure_a party_n to_o be_v his_o own_o judge_n and_o executioner_n too_o for_o then_o the_o other_o side_n may_v pretend_v to_o the_o like_a right_n and_o the_o trial_n must_v be_v refer_v to_o force_n and_o arm_n in_o which_o contention_n if_o the_o people_n be_v overcome_v they_o be_v certain_o reduce_v to_o a_o worse_a condition_n than_o they_o be_v before_o but_o if_o the_o prince_n or_o supreme_a magistrate_n have_v the_o worst_a on_o it_o the_o civil_a power_n then_o in_o be_v be_v absolute_o ruin_v so_o that_o whether_o the_o people_n or_o magistrate_n overcome_v the_o state_n of_o both_o of_o they_o be_v very_o deplorable_a beside_o divers_a other_o evil_a consequence_n of_o this_o doctrine_n which_o i_o shall_v defer_v till_o i_o hear_v what_o you_o can_v say_v to_o what_o i_o have_v now_o urge_v against_o your_o opinion_n f._n you_o have_v make_v a_o very_a plausible_a speech_n in_o set_v forth_o the_o dreadful_a consequence_n of_o this_o doctrine_n of_o resistance_n in_o any_o case_n whatsoever_o and_o i_o confess_v if_o what_o you_o lay_v down_o be_v true_a viz._n that_o such_o resistance_n always_o bring_v along_o with_o it_o great_a misery_n upon_o a_o people_n than_o what_o the_o utmost_a violence_n and_o oppression_n of_o prince_n can_v produce_v than_o your_o consequence_n will_v be_v also_o true_a that_o such_o resistance_n be_v never_o to_o be_v practise_v upon_o any_o account_n whatsoever_o so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n if_o that_o be_v not_o true_a neither_o will_v your_o consequence_n signify_v anything_o i_o suppose_v you_o will_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o there_o may_v be_v such_o a_o thing_n as_o a_o tyrant_n and_o that_o that_o part_n of_o mankind_n who_o live_v under_o he_o may_v be_v sensible_a of_o his_o tyranny_n or_o else_o the_o definition_n which_o king_n jame_v i_o give_v we_o of_o a_o tyrant_n in_o a_o speech_n which_o he_o make_v to_o the_o parliament_n in_o 1603_o will_v be_v altogether_o in_o vain_a but_o the_o word_n be_v so_o fit_a for_o this_o purpose_n that_o i_o will_v read_v they_o to_o you_o out_o of_o his_o work_n i_o do_v acknowledge_v that_o the_o special_a and_o great_a point_n of_o difference_n that_o be_v between_o a_o rightful_a king_n and_o a_o usurp_a tyrant_n be_v this_o that_o whereas_o the_o proud_a and_o ambitious_a tyrant_n do_v think_v his_o kingdom_n and_o people_n be_v only_o ordain_v for_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o his_o desire_n and_o unreasonable_a appetite_n the_o righteous_a and_o just_a king_n do_v by_o the_o contrary_n acknowledge_v himself_o to_o be_v ordain_v for_o the_o procure_n of_o the_o wealth_n and_o prosperity_n of_o his_o people_n and_o so_o likewise_o in_o another_o speech_n he_o make_v to_o the_o parliament_n he_o have_v this_o memorable_a passage_n that_o a_o king_n govern_v in_o a_o settle_a kingdom_n leave_v to_o be_v a_o king_n and_o degenerate_v into_o a_o tyrant_n so_o soon_o as_o he_o cease_v to_o rule_v according_a to_o the_o law_n so_o that_o since_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o the_o people_n may_v judge_v when_o they_o have_v a_o tyrant_n instead_o of_o a_o king_n to_o rule_v over_o they_o and_o that_o under_o such_o a_o tyrant_n the_o condition_n of_o the_o people_n may_v be_v very_o deplorable_a the_o question_n still_o remain_v what_o be_v best_a for_o they_o to_o do_v in_o this_o case_n whether_o it_o be_v better_a for_o they_o or_o they_o be_v oblige_v by_o the_o law_n of_o reason_n and_o nature_n patient_o to_o submit_v to_o it_o or_o else_o if_o they_o can_v either_o by_o their_o own_o force_n or_o the_o assistance_n of_o a_o foreign_a prince_n to_o cast_v off_o the_o yoke_n and_o i_o think_v i_o may_v still_o maintain_v that_o they_o may_v do_v it_o notwithstanding_o what_o you_o have_v yet_o urge_v to_o the_o contrary_n in_o the_o first_o place_n therefore_o though_o you_o count_v it_o a_o almost_o impossible_a thing_n to_o suppose_v that_o a_o prince_n or_o monarch_n will_v ever_o go_v about_o to_o murder_v or_o destroy_v his_o subject_n yet_o as_o incredible_a as_o it_o be_v i_o can_v give_v you_o several_a example_n out_o of_o history_n both_o ancient_n and_o modern_a that_o some_o tyrant_n have_v be_v so_o brutish_a as_o not_o only_o to_o endeavour_v it_o but_o actual_o to_o put_v it_o in_o practice_n of_o the_o first_o kind_n be_v that_o of_o caligula_n who_o suetonius_n mention_n to_o have_v wish_v that_o all_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n have_v but_o one_o neck_n that_o he_o may_v cut_v it_o off_o at_o once_o the_o other_o be_v of_o nero_n in_o the_o same_o author_n as_o also_o in_o tacitus_n who_o set_v the_o city_n of_o rome_n on_o fire_n and_o consequent_o will_v have_v burn_v all_o the_o people_n in_o it_o to_o please_v his_o humour_n and_o that_o he_o may_v sing_v his_o ballad_n of_o the_o destruction_n of_o troy_n the_o more_o natural_o whilst_o it_o burn_v a_o three_o example_n i_o find_v relate_v in_o mocquet_n travel_n into_o the_o east-indies_n of_o a_o certain_a king_n of_o pegu_n 333._o about_o a_o hundred_o year_n ago_o who_o by_o the_o persuasion_n of_o some_o of_o his_o diabolical_a priest_n or_o magician_n take_v such_o a_o aversion_n to_o his_o subject_n that_o he_o be_v resolve_v to_o destroy_v they_o and_o therefore_o forbid_v they_o to_o sow_v their_o land_n for_o two_o or_o three_o year_n by_o which_o mean_v a_o great_a part_n of_o they_o die_v of_o famine_n or_o be_v force_v to_o devour_v each_o other_o and_o in_o such_o case_n as_o these_o i_o suppose_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o reason_n will_v justify_v self-defence_n in_o the_o people_n and_o sure_o it_o have_v be_v lawful_a for_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n to_o have_v resist_v
man_n may_v have_v proceed_v not_o from_o their_o own_o right_n or_o possession_n but_o from_o the_o assignment_n of_o their_o chief_a captain_n or_o leader_n yet_o be_v not_o the_o estate_n which_o such_o particular_a man_n enjoy_v to_o be_v look_v upon_o only_a as_o the_o mere_a grace_n or_o favour_n of_o such_o a_o prince_n since_o most_o of_o those_o who_o follow_v he_o in_o this_o conquest_n or_o expedition_n do_v it_o not_o as_o subject_n but_o as_o volunteer_n and_o without_o who_o assistance_n he_o can_v never_o have_v conquer_a at_o all_o so_o that_o they_o have_v thereby_o acquire_v to_o themselves_o a_o certain_a portion_n or_o share_v in_o the_o land_n so_o conquer_a though_o for_o avoid_v dissension_n and_o quarrel_n among_o they_o it_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o disposal_n of_o this_o new_a prince_n as_o a_o public_a trustee_n to_o distribute_v to_o each_o person_n what_o share_n he_o shall_v have_v but_o in_o the_o other_o case_n when_o father_n or_o master_n of_o family_n before_o free_a and_o possess_v of_o hereditary_a estate_n do_v submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o command_n of_o one_o man_n voluntary_o or_o by_o election_n those_o estate_n do_v much_o less_o depend_v upon_o the_o will_n or_o favour_n of_o that_o prince_n and_o therefore_o if_o such_o a_o prince_n shall_v without_o their_o consent_n go_v about_o to_o take_v away_o their_o property_n in_o their_o estate_n he_o may_v very_o just_o be_v resist_v by_o they_o since_o a_o quiet_a enjoyment_n of_o these_o in_o peace_n and_o safety_n be_v one_o of_o the_o chief_a reason_n that_o make_v they_o choose_v he_o for_o their_o prince_n and_o be_v certain_o one_o of_o the_o original_a compact_n of_o the_o government_n and_o that_o in_o absolute_a monarchy_n where_o the_o subject_n be_v not_o slave_n they_o look_v upon_o themselves_o to_o have_v such_o a_o settle_a property_n in_o their_o person_n and_o estate_n by_o compact_a that_o seneca_n bold_o pronounce_v errat_fw-la siquis_fw-la existimat_fw-la sutum_fw-la â—sse_fw-la ibi_fw-la râ—gem_fw-la ubi_fw-la nihil_fw-la à _fw-la regetutum_fw-la est_fw-la securitas_fw-la securitate_fw-la mutua_fw-la paciscenda_fw-la est_fw-la and_o mr._n hobbs_n himself_o as_o much_o a_o friend_n as_o he_o be_v to_o the_o arbitrary_a power_n of_o monarch_n and_o a_o enemy_n to_o the_o natural_a right_n of_o subject_n yet_o be_v force_v in_o his_o leviathan_n to_o confess_v that_o the_o riches_n power_n and_o honour_n of_o a_o monarch_n arise_v only_o from_o the_o riches_n strength_n and_o reputation_n of_o his_o subject_n for_o no_o king_n can_v be_v rich_a 96._o nor_o glorious_a nor_o secure_a who_o subject_n be_v â—â—â—her_o poor_a or_o contemptible_a though_o how_o this_o riches_n and_o strength_n of_o subject_n can_v consist_v with_o that_o absolute_a power_n which_o he_o give_v his_o sovereign_n over_o the_o person_n and_o estate_n of_o his_o subject_n i_o can_v understand_v since_o he_o will_v not_o allow_v of_o any_o compact_n or_o condition_n between_o he_o and_o they_o but_o that_o their_o propriety_n may_v very_o well_o consist_v with_o the_o power_n of_o the_o prince_n seneca_n show_v we_o jure_fw-la civili_fw-la say_v he_o omniâ—_n râ—gis_fw-la sunt_fw-la &_o tamen_fw-la illa_fw-la quorum_fw-la ad_fw-la regem_fw-la pertinet_fw-la universa_fw-la possessio_fw-la in_o singulos_fw-la dominos_fw-la descripta_fw-la sunt_fw-la &_o unaquaeque_fw-la res_fw-la habet_fw-la possessorem_fw-la suum_fw-la itaque_fw-la dare_v regi_fw-la &_o donum_fw-la &_o mancipium_fw-la &_o pecuniam_fw-la possumus_fw-la nec_fw-la donare_fw-la illi_fw-la de_fw-la svo_fw-la dicimur_fw-la ad_fw-la reges_fw-la enim_fw-la potestas_fw-la omnium_fw-la pertinet_fw-la ad_fw-la singulos_fw-la proprietas_fw-la and_o the_o earl_n of_o clarendon_n in_o his_o survey_n of_o the_o leviathan_n make_v this_o excellent_a remark_n upon_o this_o passage_n of_o seneca_n 24._o and_o that_o prince_n who_o think_v his_o power_n so_o greâ—â—_n that_o his_o subject_n have_v nothing_o to_o give_v he_o will_v be_v very_o unhappy_a if_o he_o have_v evern_n nâ—ed_v of_o their_o hand_n or_o their_o heart_n so_o that_o notwithstanding_o this_o universal_a power_n or_o supereminent_a dominion_n of_o the_o emperor_n over_o all_o thing_n which_o seneca_n there_o suppose_v yet_o if_o he_o shall_v have_v go_v about_o to_o have_v invade_v all_o man_n property_n and_o reduce_v all_o man_n estate_n into_o the_o public_a treasury_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o he_o will_v soon_o have_v have_v not_o only_o his_o own_o legion_n but_o the_o whole_a empire_n about_o his_o ear_n and_o though_o i_o have_v hear_v that_o the_o french_a king_n do_v by_o his_o exâ—roitant_a tax_n and_o gabel_n raise_v more_o mâ—ney_n out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n and_o the_o territory_n annex_v to_o it_o than_o the_o ottoman_a emperor_n do_v out_o of_o that_o vast_a empire_n of_o which_o he_o have_v the_o sole_a propriety_n of_o the_o land_n in_o himself_o yet_o if_o the_o french_a king_n shall_v endeavour_v by_o the_o power_n of_o his_o stand_a army_n to_o take_v away_o all_o man_n hereditary_a property_n in_o their_o estate_n and_o make_v they_o all_o to_o be_v hold_v at_o will_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o he_o will_v not_o only_o be_v oppose_v by_o his_o subject_n and_o perhaps_o ruin_v in_o the_o attempt_n but_o also_o if_o he_o shall_v succeed_v in_o it_o will_v be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v the_o rich_a or_o more_o powerful_a that_o he_o will_v become_v the_o poor_a and_o weak_a when_o he_o have_v do_v since_o no_o man_n will_v take_v the_o pain_n to_o build_v till_o or_o improve_v their_o estate_n any_o more_o than_o they_o do_v in_o turkey_n when_o they_o be_v not_o sure_a 〈◊〉_d soon_o they_o may_v be_v turn_v out_o of_o they_o or_o at_o least_o can_v hold_v they_o no_o long_o than_o for_o their_o life_n or_o a_o few_o year_n so_o prevalent_a a_o thing_n be_v this_o empty_a shadow_n and_o bare_a name_n of_o property_n that_o be_v now_o leave_v in_o france_n be_v often_o charge_v with_o 〈◊〉_d to_o above_o half_a the_o value_n of_o the_o estate_n to_o encourage_v the_o people_n to_o beautify_v cultivate_v and_o improve_v a_o country_n abound_v with_o all_o those_o riches_n that_o nature_n or_o art_n can_v produce_v and_o to_o let_v you_o see_v i_o be_o not_o at_o all_o partial_a i_o think_v i_o may_v safe_o affirm_v the_o same_o of_o the_o legislative_a power_n in_o this_o kingdom_n so_o that_o if_o it_o shall_v happen_v which_o thou_o high_o improbable_a yet_o it_o be_v not_o impossible_a that_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o assemble_v in_o parliament_n shall_v so_o far_o abuse_v the_o trust_v repose_v in_o they_o as_o to_o give_v up_o all_o their_o civil_a property_n in_o their_o estate_n into_o the_o king_n hand_n to_o be_v dispose_v of_o as_o he_o shall_v think_v fit_a and_o that_o the_o king_n shall_v thereupon_o go_v about_o to_o turn_v all_o the_o people_n out_o of_o their_o estate_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o they_o may_v in_o that_o case_n resist_v the_o king_n if_o he_o go_v to_o do_v it_o by_o force_n notwithstanding_o this_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o my_o reason_n it_o that_o a_o 〈◊〉_d hereditary_a property_n in_o estate_n be_v a_o ancient_n if_o not_o more_o than_o parliament_n themselves_o in_o this_o nation_n must_v consequent_o be_v a_o fundamental_a law_n of_o the_o government_n and_o so_o can_v be_v alter_v by_o its_o representative_n for_o though_o it_o be_v true_a the_o people_n have_v give_v they_o a_o power_n to_o dispose_v of_o what_o part_n of_o their_o estate_n they_o shall_v think_v 〈◊〉_d yet_o do_v they_o not_o make_v it_o absolute_a to_o extend_v either_o to_o their_o liberty_n i_o mean_v in_o respect_n of_o slavery_n or_o their_o whole_a property_n in_o their_o estate_n and_o if_o the_o king_n may_v be_v resist_v if_o he_o invade_v they_o by_o his_o own_o sole_a authority_n the_o reason_n will_v be_v the_o same_o why_o he_o may_v be_v also_o resist_v though_o back_v by_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n since_o the_o taâ—â—ing_n away_o of_o civil_a property_n will_v prove_v as_o destructive_a to_o the_o peopleâ—_n liberty_n and_o happiness_n in_o the_o one_o case_n as_o in_o the_o other_o and_o as_o great_a a_o abuse_n of_o the_o trust_v repose_v 〈◊〉_d they_o that_o be_v design_v to_o protect_v it_o m._n i_o can_v except_v against_o your_o distinction_n between_o those_o government_n where_o a_o property_n in_o estate_n do_v precede_v the_o institution_n of_o the_o government_n it_o sell_v for_o there_o i_o grant_v that_o such_o a_o property_n may_v be_v a_o fundamental_a law_n of_o the_o government_n but_o in_o those_o monarchy_n that_o have_v begin_v by_o conquest_n under_o the_o command_n of_o a_o king_n or_o absolute_a prince_n over_o a_o army_n of_o his_o own_o subject_n in_o that_o case_n upon_o the_o conquest_n of_o a_o kingdom_n or_o foreign_a nation_n not_o only_o the_o prey_n or_o good_n of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d but_o also_o their_o estate_n be_v
forfeit_v to_o the_o conqueror_n who_o have_v a_o right_a either_o to_o retain_v they_o for_o himself_o or_o else_o to_o distribute_v they_o as_o reward_n among_o his_o 〈◊〉_d and_o soldier_n and_o that_o this_o be_v the_o right_n of_o all_o conqueror_n whether_o commonwealth_n or_o monarch_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o be_v exercise_v among_o the_o ancient_a greek_n and_o roman_n as_o well_o as_o other_o nation_n i_o refer_v you_o to_o your_o own_o author_n grotius_n and_o pufendor_n and_o therefore_o since_o it_o appear_v from_o history_n that_o most_o of_o the_o kingdom_n now_o in_o europe_n and_o particular_o this_o of_o england_n begin_v from_o conquest_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o their_o first_o king_n if_o than_o whatsoever_o be_v so_o conquer_a be_v acquire_v for_o they_o and_o they_o alone_o have_v a_o property_n in_o it_o it_o will_v necessary_o follow_v that_o all_o estate_n which_o the_o subject_n of_o all_o sort_n now_o enjoy_v must_v have_v proceed_v from_o their_o grant_n or_o concession_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o not_o only_o in_o england_n but_o also_o in_o scotland_n and_o france_n they_o be_v all_o hold_v either_o mediate_o or_o immediate_o of_o the_o king_n as_o be_v at_o first_o all_o derive_v from_o he_o and_o we_o read_v in_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o scotland_n that_o the_o king_n have_v the_o whole_a property_n of_o the_o country_n till_o the_o reign_n of_o malcolm_n conmor_n who_o as_o we_o read_v in_o the_o ancient_a history_n of_o that_o country_n grant_v all_o the_o land_n in_o scotland_n to_o his_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n according_a to_o that_o old_a maxim_n in_o their_o law_n rex_fw-la distribuit_fw-la totam_fw-la toram_fw-la scotiae_fw-la hominibus_fw-la juis_fw-la and_o therefore_o if_o hereditary_a property_n in_o estate_n be_v only_o from_o the_o gift_n and_o bounty_n of_o our_o king_n without_o any_o fundamental_a contract_n between_o they_o and_o their_o subject_n as_o you_o suppose_v i_o can_v see_v any_o reason_n grant_v the_o worst_a that_o can_v happen_v which_o be_v high_o improbable_a if_o the_o king_n of_o this_o or_o of_o our_o neighbour_a nation_n shall_v go_v about_o by_o force_n to_o destroy_v and_o take_v away_o this_o hereditary_a property_n they_o now_o enjoy_v that_o the_o people_n shall_v have_v any_o right_a to_o resist_v they_o but_o that_o it_o will_v be_v not_o only_a ingratitude_n but_o rebellion_n so_o to_o do_v for_o though_o i_o own_o that_o king_n be_v guilty_a of_o perjury_n in_o the_o sight_n of_o god_n if_o they_o do_v it_o yet_o that_o be_v a_o offence_n only_o against_o god_n the_o subject_n can_v have_v no_o more_o right_a to_o resist_v than_o son_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n have_v to_o resist_v their_o father_n if_o he_o shall_v go_v about_o to_o take_v away_o those_o estate_n which_o he_o have_v before_o bestow_v upon_o they_o and_o as_o for_o what_o you_o say_v concern_v the_o roman_a commonwealth_n i_o grant_v indeed_o that_o the_o government_n of_o the_o people_n do_v there_o precede_v that_o of_o the_o emperor_n yet_o if_o you_o please_v to_o remember_v monarchy_n be_v the_o first_o and_o most_o ancient_a government_n of_o that_o people_n and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o all_o the_o property_n the_o roman_n have_v in_o their_o estate_n though_o they_o precede_v from_o conquest_n of_o their_o arm_n yet_o it_o be_v whole_o owe_v to_o the_o grace_n and_o bounty_n of_o their_o first_o king_n and_o when_o upon_o the_o expulsion_n of_o jarquin_n the_o supreme_a power_n become_v divide_v between_o the_o senate_n and_o people_n the_o property_n of_o all_o the_o land_n that_o be_v conquer_a devolve_v upon_o they_o who_o often_o divide_v they_o to_o particular_a private_a man_n as_o they_o think_v fit_a though_o i_o confess_v the_o not_o divide_v of_o these_o land_n among_o the_o common_a people_n be_v afterward_o the_o cause_n of_o great_a tumult_n and_o commotion_n among_o they_o yet_o notwithstanding_o the_o senate_n and_o nobility_n still_o maintain_v their_o power_n and_o to_o the_o last_o refuse_v to_o make_v a_o division_n of_o those_o land_n they_o have_v former_o conquer_a so_o that_o the_o roman_a emperor_n succeed_v in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o senate_n and_o people_n they_o be_v likewise_o restore_v as_o it_o be_v ex_fw-la posâ—liminio_fw-la to_o the_o prerogative_n of_o the_o first_o king_n and_o consequent_o as_o seneca_n himself_o confess_v in_o the_o place_n you_o have_v quote_v though_o the_o particular_a propriety_n of_o estate_n be_v in_o private_a man_n yet_o you_o see_v he_o grant_v the_o universal_a possession_n or_o dominion_n of_o they_o be_v in_o the_o king_n or_o emperor_n from_o who_o they_o be_v original_o derive_v i_o will_v not_o be_v think_v to_o speak_v thus_o as_o if_o i_o be_v a_o enemy_n to_o man_n liberty_n and_o property_n or_o that_o i_o either_o fear_v or_o desire_v any_o change_n in_o they_o from_o what_o we_o now_o enjoy_v but_o since_o i_o think_v it_o a_o thing_n moral_o impossible_a to_o alter_v they_o and_o that_o therefore_o no_o king_n will_v be_v so_o ill_o advise_v as_o to_o go_v about_o to_o seize_v they_o into_o his_o own_o hand_n but_o only_o by_o way_n of_o discourse_n suppose_v the_o worst_a that_o can_v happen_v i_o think_v we_o be_v not_o only_o oblige_v in_o conscience_n but_o also_o that_o it_o be_v much_o better_o for_o the_o common_a peace_n that_o the_o ring_n shall_v take_v all_o we_o have_v than_o that_o we_o shall_v involve_v the_o nation_n in_o civil_a war_n and_o confusion_n and_o our_o conscience_n under_o the_o gild_n of_o a_o mortal_a sin_n by_o such_o resistance_n and_o rebellion_n f._n i_o be_o very_o sorry_a to_o see_v that_o by_o your_o principle_n all_o the_o free_a nation_n of_o europe_n lie_v at_o the_o mercy_n of_o any_o prince_n to_o be_v make_v as_o arrant_a slave_n as_o any_o be_v in_o turkey_n when_o ever_o their_o monarch_n please_v or_o that_o they_o think_v that_o they_o can_v make_v more_o of_o their_o people_n 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own_o norman_a lord_n and_o soldier_n but_o those_o of_o other_o foreign_a nation_n who_o assist_v he_o in_o this_o expedition_n will_v ever_o have_v suffer_v he_o to_o have_v reign_v in_o quiet_a over_o they_o if_o instead_o of_o a_o limit_a king_n he_o have_v set_v himself_o up_o for_o a_o absolute_a monarch_n and_o have_v grant_v they_o no_o estate_n but_o at_o his_o will_n and_o pleasure_n which_o will_v have_v reduce_v the_o conqueror_n and_o the_o conquer_a to_o the_o same_o condition_n but_o as_o for_o your_o example_n of_o malcolm_n canmor_n i_o can_v believe_v that_o the_o king_n of_o scotland_n be_v so_o late_o as_o his_o reign_n possess_v of_o the_o whole_a hereditary_a property_n of_o all_o the_o land_n in_o that_o kingdom_n so_o as_o that_o no_o man_n have_v any_o settle_a interest_n in_o they_o before_o that_o time_n and_o therefore_o i_o must_v beg_v your_o pardon_n if_o i_o think_v this_o passage_n in_o their_o historian_n to_o be_v very_o suspicious_a if_o not_o false_a but_o i_o speak_v this_o only_a by_o the_o by_o and_o i_o reserve_v what_o i_o have_v more_o to_o say_v on_o this_o head_n for_o another_o time_n wherein_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o to_o be_v able_a to_o show_v you_o as_o evident_o as_o can_v be_v do_v after_o so_o many_o age_n that_o all_o the_o kingdom_n in_o europe_n which_o be_v descend_v from_o the_o gothick_n or_o german_a nation_n commence_v at_o first_o from_o compact_n with_o their_o first_o king_n and_o have_v thereby_o a_o unalterable_a right_n in_o their_o life_n liberty_n and_o estate_n and_o if_o so_o have_v likewise_o right_o to_o defend_v they_o if_o general_o and_o universal_o invade_v by_o their_o prince_n but_o grant_v for_o the_o present_a what_o you_o have_v assert_v to_o be_v true_a that_o all_o this_o property_n which_o be_v now_o in_o europe_n proceed_v whole_o from_o the_o grant_n and_o concession_n of_o prince_n yet_o will_v it_o not_o follow_v that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o nation_n if_o 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of_o nature_n grant_v another_o man_n any_o thing_n to_o be_v possess_v or_o enjoy_v only_o as_o long_o as_o he_o himself_o or_o his_o heir_n shall_v think_v fit_a do_v in_o effect_n grant_v he_o as_o good_a as_o nothing_o since_o he_o may_v alter_v his_o mind_n to_o morrow_n and_o demand_v it_o again_o and_o take_v it_o away_o the_o very_a next_o day_n so_o that_o if_o you_o will_v grant_v that_o subject_n have_v such_o a_o right_n to_o their_o estate_n as_o that_o the_o prince_n can_v without_o manifest_v violence_n or_o injustice_n take_v they_o away_o you_o must_v likewise_o grant_v that_o they_o have_v also_o a_o right_a to_o defend_v they_o but_o i_o suppose_v you_o will_v not_o deny_v that_o right_n that_o all_o man_n have_v to_o their_o civil_a property_n in_o all_o our_o european_a kingdom_n 19_o and_o commonwealth_n though_o never_o so_o absolute_a but_o your_o objection_n against_o the_o subject_n defend_v it_o by_o force_n if_o it_o be_v invade_v be_v that_o it_o may_v cause_v rebellion_n and_o confusion_n i_o grant_v indeed_o it_o may_v sometime_o occasion_v civil_a war_n or_o intestine_a commotion_n if_o the_o people_n find_v their_o liberty_n and_o property_n notorious_o invade_v shall_v oppose_v the_o unjust_a violence_n of_o those_o who_o contrary_a to_o the_o trust_v repose_v in_o they_o do_v thus_o violent_o invade_v they_o therefore_o forsooth_o if_o this_o doctrine_n be_v allow_v it_o may_v prove_v destructive_a to_o the_o peace_n of_o kingdom_n and_o common_a wealth_n and_o consequent_o to_o the_o good_a and_o happiness_n of_o mankind_n but_o methinks_v you_o may_v as_o well_o have_v argue_v that_o honest_a man_n may_v not_o resist_v robber_n or_o pirate_n because_o it_o may_v occasion_v disorder_n and_o bloodshed_n if_o any_o mischief_n come_v in_o such_o case_n sure_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v charge_v upon_o he_o who_o defend_v his_o own_o right_n but_o on_o he_o that_o invade_v another_o if_o the_o innocent_a honest_a man_n must_v quit_v all_o he_o have_v for_o quietness_n sake_n to_o he_o who_o will_v lay_v violent_a hand_n upon_o it_o i_o desire_v it_o may_v be_v consider_v what_o a_o kind_n of_o peace_n there_o will_v be_v in_o the_o world_n which_o will_v consist_v only_o in_o violence_n and_o rapiâ—â—_n and_o which_o will_v be_v maintain_v only_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o public_a robber_n and_o oppressor_n m._n but_o pray_v do_v you_o make_v no_o difference_n between_o a_o knot_n of_o thief_n and_o robber_n and_o the_o civil_a government_n of_o a_o monarch_n or_o commonwealth_n which_o i_o suppose_v may_v very_o well_o be_v maintain_v without_o any_o hereditary_a property_n in_o land_n as_o you_o have_v grant_v and_o it_o be_v much_o better_o in_o my_o mind_n to_o forego_v these_o outward_a thing_n than_o resist_v the_o civil_a government_n which_o be_v the_o ordinance_n of_o god_n as_o you_o yourself_o acknowledge_v f._n i_o think_v the_o best_a way_n to_o end_v this_o controversy_n will_v be_v to_o desire_v you_o to_o give_v a_o definition_n of_o civil_a government_n that_o we_o may_v know_v what_o we_o mean_v by_o it_o therefore_o pray_v will_v you_o give_v i_o a_o easy_a and_o plain_a definition_n of_o it_o m._n well_o sir_n i_o shall_v comply_v with_o your_o desire_n i_o then_o take_v civil_a government_n to_o be_v a_o authority_n confer_v by_o god_n on_o one_o or_o more_o person_n to_o make_v law_n for_o the_o benefit_n and_o protection_n of_o the_o subject_n and_o to_o inflict_v such_o punishment_n for_o their_o transgression_n as_o they_o shall_v think_v fit_a and_o by_o the_o subject_n obedience_n and_o assistance_n to_o protect_v they_o against_o foreign_a enemy_n and_o also_o to_o appoint_v what_o share_n of_o civil_a property_n each_o person_n in_o that_o commonwealth_n shall_v enjoy_v f._n sir_n though_o your_o definition_n be_v somewhat_o lame_a yet_o i_o be_o pretty_a well_o content_v with_o it_o only_o i_o will_v show_v you_o by_o and_o by_o wherein_o it_o be_v deficient_a the_o first_o and_o therefore_o chief_a branch_n or_o office_n of_o civil_a magistrateâ—_n 〈◊〉_d to_o make_v law_n for_o the_o benefit_n and_o protection_n of_o the_o subject_n be_v it_o then_o a_o branch_n of_o this_o power_n to_o send_v soldier_n or_o dragoon_n to_o take_v away_o their_o liberty_n life_n or_o estate_n this_o sure_a be_v direct_o contrary_a to_o their_o duty_n and_o that_o trust_v which_o god_n have_v confer_v upon_o they_o let_v we_o go_v on_o to_o the_o next_o branch_n the_o inflection_n of_o punishment_n for_o the_o transgression_n of_o such_o law_n be_v this_o a_o part_n of_o civil_a government_n not_o only_o to_o send_v their_o soldier_n and_o other_o officer_n to_o take_v away_o their_o subject_n life_n and_o estate_n but_o also_o to_o let_v the_o most_o capital_a offender_n or_o robber_n pass_v unpunished_a when_o they_o have_v do_v if_o you_o maintain_v these_o to_o be_v the_o prerogative_n of_o civil_a government_n or_o that_o to_o be_v civil_a 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of_o a_o incense_a prince_n may_v just_o inflict_v upon_o such_o rebel_n in_o this_o life_n but_o also_o the_o wrath_n of_o god_n and_o those_o punishment_n that_o he_o have_v denounce_v in_o the_o holy_a scripture_n in_o the_o life_n to_o come_v against_o such_o rebellious_a subject_n as_o dare_v resist_v the_o supreme_a power_n ordain_v by_o god_n f._n before_o i_o answer_v the_o main_a part_n of_o your_o last_o discourse_n give_v i_o leave_v first_o to_o justify_v my_o simile_n for_o though_o i_o grant_v simile_n be_v no_o argument_n yet_o they_o often_o serve_v to_o expose_v the_o absurdity_n of_o several_a thing_n which_o either_o the_o â—alse_a colour_n of_o eloquence_n or_o the_o too_o great_a authority_n of_o learned_a man_n may_v otherwise_o have_v hide_v from_o our_o eye_n and_o therefore_o if_o the_o supreme_a power_n have_v no_o authority_n from_o the_o reveal_v will_n of_o god_n or_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n nor_o by_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o any_o country_n to_o invade_v their_o subject_n life_n liberty_n or_o estate_n they_o may_v be_v so_o far_o compare_v to_o thief_n and_o robber_n when_o they_o do_v nor_o be_v such_o violent_a action_n of_o they_o to_o be_v submit_v to_o as_o the_o ordinance_n of_o god_n and_o i_o suppose_v you_o will_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o a_o prince_n or_o state_n that_o do_v thus_o act_v as_o direct_o contrary_a to_o god_n will_v as_o thieves_z themselves_o and_o consequent_o all_o honest_a man_n or_o subject_n have_v so_o far_o no_o obligation_n to_o suffer_v or_o obey_v may_v just_o resist_v they_o so_o that_o if_o this_o be_v true_a all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o comparison_n currit_fw-la quatuor_fw-la pedibus_fw-la but_o as_o for_o your_o reflection_n upon_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la it_o be_v you_o yourself_o not_o i_o that_o assert_v it_o to_o have_v be_v extort_a by_o force_n and_o defend_v by_o rebellion_n for_o it_o be_v very_o well_o know_v to_o those_o who_o be_v at_o all_o conversant_a in_o our_o 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the_o clergy_n nobility_n and_o people_n as_o well_o by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o land_n as_o the_o grant_n of_o former_a king_n and_o therefore_o if_o king_n john_n by_o his_o apparent_a breach_n of_o they_o force_v the_o nobility_n and_o people_n to_o defend_v they_o it_o be_v no_o rebellion_n for_o so_o do_v nor_o be_v it_o ever_o declare_v to_o be_v so_o by_o any_o law_n now_o extant_a but_o to_o come_v to_o the_o main_a force_n of_o your_o argument_n i_o confess_v it_o be_v a_o admirable_a expedient_a not_o only_o against_o rebellion_n but_o also_o the_o tyranny_n of_o prince_n to_o preach_v that_o they_o shall_v not_o oppress_v their_o people_n nor_o yet_o that_o the_o people_n shall_v rebel_v against_o they_o but_o the_o preach_n of_o these_o doctrine_n or_o get_v as_o many_o as_o you_o can_v to_o believe_v they_o will_v no_o more_o make_v prince_n leave_v keep_v stand_a army_n or_o lay_v great_a tax_n upon_o their_o people_n than_o constant_a preach_v against_o robbery_n or_o murder_n will_v take_v away_o the_o necessary_a use_n of_o gallow_n out_o of_o the_o nation_n since_o we_o know_v very_o well_o that_o as_o long_o as_o the_o corruption_n of_o humane_a nature_n continue_v so_o long_o must_v likewise_o all_o powerful_a remedy_n against_o it_o and_o therefore_o your_o instance_n of_o william_n the_o conqueror_n will_v signify_v very_o little_a for_o i_o believe_v have_v all_o those_o learned_a divine_n who_o have_v of_o late_o so_o much_o write_v and_o preach_v for_o passive_a obedience_n and_o nonresistance_n be_v then_o alive_a and_o have_v exert_v the_o utmost_a of_o their_o reason_n and_o eloquence_n to_o prove_v they_o necessary_a nay_o far_o i_o do_v not_o believe_v though_o all_o the_o people_n of_o england_n shall_v have_v give_v it_o under_o their_o hand_n that_o they_o will_v not_o have_v resist_v or_o rebel_v against_o king_n william_n that_o yet_o he_o will_v have_v trust_v they_o the_o more_o for_o all_o that_o or_o have_v keep_v one_o soldier_n the_o less_o for_o it_o nor_o have_v remit_v one_o denier_n of_o those_o great_a tax_n he_o impose_v for_o he_o be_v too_o cunning_a and_o politic_a a_o prince_n not_o to_o understand_v humane_a nature_n which_o can_v willing_o endure_v great_a and_o intolerable_a slavery_n and_o oppression_n without_o resistance_n if_o man_n be_v able_a and_o therefore_o he_o very_o well_o know_v that_o after_o the_o forcible_a take_v away_o of_o so_o many_o of_o the_o english_a nobility_n estate_n there_o be_v no_o way_n but_o force_n to_o keep_v they_o in_o obedience_n and_o as_o prince_n can_v never_o be_v satisfy_v that_o their_o subject_n have_v be_v thorough_o pace_v in_o these_o difficult_a doctrine_n so_o they_o can_v never_o be_v secure_a that_o they_o will_v not_o play_v the_o jade_n and_o kick_v and_o fling_v their_o rider_n when_o they_o spur_v they_o too_o severe_o and_o press_v too_o hard_o upon_o they_o and_o therefore_o i_o doubt_v such_o prince_n who_o government_n be_v severe_a will_n always_o find_v it_o necessary_a to_o ride_v this_o beast_n as_o you_o call_v it_o the_o people_n with_o strong_a curb_v and_o cavesson_n but_o beside_o all_o this_o there_o be_v likewise_o another_o infirmity_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o mankind_n and_o of_o which_o prince_n may_v as_o well_o be_v guilty_a as_o other_o man_n that_o they_o be_v more_o apt_a to_o oppress_v and_o insult_v over_o those_o who_o principle_n or_o natural_a temper_n may_v be_v against_o all_o resistance_n and_o for_o this_o i_o appeal_v to_o your_o example_n of_o the_o primitive_a christian_n who_o be_v not_o one_o jot_n the_o better_o use_v by_o the_o roman_a emperor_n though_o they_o express_o disclaim_v all_o resistance_n of_o those_o emperor_n for_o persecution_n in_o matter_n of_o religion_n and_o though_o some_o neighbour_a prince_n be_v think_v to_o have_v their_o subject_n in_o more_o perfect_a subjection_n and_o that_o either_o their_o religion_n or_o natural_a temper_n make_v they_o less_o apt_a to_o resist_v the_o violence_n and_o oppression_n of_o their_o monarch_n than_o the_o english_a or_o other_o nation_n yet_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o inquire_v whether_o tax_n and_o all_o other_o oppression_n do_v not_o reign_v as_o much_o under_o those_o government_n however_o sensible_a the_o prince_n may_v be_v of_o their_o subject_n loyalty_n and_o obedience_n therefore_o to_o conclude_v i_o shall_v free_o leave_v it_o to_o your_o judgement_n or_o that_o of_o any_o indifferent_a person_n which_o be_v most_o agreeable_a to_o the_o main_a end_n of_o civil_a government_n viz_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n and_o the_o happiness_n and_o safety_n of_o each_o particular_a kingdom_n or_o commonwealth_n that_o the_o violence_n and_o tyranny_n of_o prince_n shall_v be_v sometime_o resist_v than_o that_o the_o people_n under_o the_o pretence_n of_o this_o irresistible_a power_n shall_v be_v liable_a to_o be_v make_v beggar_n and_o slave_n whenever_o any_o prince_n or_o state_n have_v a_o mind_n to_o it_o and_o i_o appeal_v to_o your_o own_o conscience_n if_o the_o suppose_a belief_n of_o the_o passive_a obedience_n of_o some_o of_o our_o church_n be_v not_o one_o of_o the_o great_a encouragement_n which_o the_o king_n and_o the_o jesuited_a fâ—ction_n have_v to_o bring_v in_o the_o popish_a religion_n under_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o dispense_n power_n ecclesiastical_a commissioner_n and_o force_v of_o a_o stand_a army_n from_o which_o unavoidable_a mischief_n nothing_o under_o god_n but_o this_o wonderful_a revolution_n can_v have_v rescue_v we_o and_o therefore_o i_o think_v it_o become_v any_o honest_a man_n to_o thank_v god_n for_o it_o and_o join_v with_o his_o highness_n the_o prince_n of_o oriâ—â—ge_n as_o the_o only_a mean_n now_o miracle_n be_v cease_v which_o god_n have_v be_v please_v to_o ordain_v by_o the_o course_n of_o his_o providence_n for_o our_o deliverance_n m._n i_o
all_o israel_n see_v that_o the_o king_n hearken_v not_o unto_o they_o the_o people_n answer_v the_o king_n say_v what_o portion_n have_v we_o in_o david_n neither_o have_v we_o inheritance_n in_o the_o son_n of_o jesse_n to_o your_o tent_n o_o israel_n now_o see_v to_o thy_o own_o house_n david_n so_o israel_n dâ—parted_v unto_o their_o tent_n 19_o and_o it_o be_v far_o say_v so_o israel_n rebel_v against_o the_o house_n of_o david_n unto_o this_o day_n nor_o be_v this_o action_n at_o all_o blame_v or_o disapprove_v by_o the_o scripture_n or_o rebuke_v by_o any_o prophet_n at_o that_o time_n for_o though_o the_o word_n be_v here_o translate_v they_o rebel_v yet_o in_o the_o hebrew_n it_n signify_v no_o more_o than_o fall_v away_o from_o or_o revolt_a and_o it_o be_v say_v before_o that_o the_o king_n hearken_v not_o to_o the_o people_n for_o the_o 〈◊〉_d which_o may_v be_v also_o translate_v revolution_n be_v from_o the_o lord_n 15._o that_o he_o may_v perform_v his_o say_n which_o he_o speak_v by_o ahijah_n thâ—_n sâ—ilonite_n unto_o jeroboam_n when_o in_o the_o chapter_n before_o the_o prophet_n promise_v he_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o tâ—n_a tribe_n and_o that_o god_n will_v rend_v they_o out_o of_o the_o hand_n of_o solomon_n i._n e._n his_o posterity_n and_o give_v they_o unto_o he_o who_o thereupon_o have_v a_o right_n to_o they_o and_o that_o upon_o his_o be_v make_v king_n by_o the_o people_n he_o have_v also_o a_o right_n to_o their_o obedience_n be_v as_o evident_a since_o to_o continue_v in_o a_o state_n of_o rebellion_n towards_o one_o king_n and_o a_o obligation_n to_o obey_v another_o be_v absolute_o inconsistent_a in_o the_o same_o subject_a as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v at_o our_o second_o conference_n and_o therefore_o i_o can_v but_o here_o take_v notice_n of_o that_o rational_a account_n which_o the_o earl_n of_o clarendon_n in_o his_o survey_n of_o the_o leviathan_n which_o you_o before_o quote_v give_v of_o this_o revolution_n nor_o do_v the_o people_n viz._n of_o israel_n conceive_v themselves_o liable_a to_o those_o imposition_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o application_n they_o make_v to_o rehoboam_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o solomon_n that_o he_o will_v abate_v some_o of_o that_o rigour_n his_o father_n have_v exercise_v towards_o they_o the_o rough_a rejection_n of_o which_o contrary_a to_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o wise_a counâ—ellours_n cost_v he_o the_o great_a part_n of_o his_o dominion_n and_o when_o rehoboam_n will_v by_o arm_n have_v reduce_v they_o to_o obedience_n god_n will_v not_o suffer_v he_o because_o he_o have_v be_v in_o the_o fault_n himself_o m._n after_o this_o extravagant_a way_n of_o argue_v when_o ever_o the_o subject_n of_o any_o nation_n shall_v think_v themselves_o too_o much_o oppress_v with_o tax_n or_o other_o grievance_n above_o what_o they_o be_v able_a to_o bear_v if_o they_o be_v not_o ease_v by_o the_o king_n or_o supreme_a magistrate_n upon_o the_o first_o petition_n they_o may_v present_o cast_v off_o that_o power_n they_o be_v under_o and_o set_v up_o another_o that_o will_v govern_v they_o upon_o cheaper_o term_n for_o if_o the_o people_n of_o israel_n have_v this_o right_n why_o may_v not_o all_o other_o nation_n claim_v the_o same_o and_o this_o doctrine_n however_o comfortable_a it_o may_v be_v to_o the_o people_n i_o be_o sure_a it_o will_v be_v very_o mischievous_a to_o all_o the_o monarchy_n and_o commonwealth_n in_o the_o world_n and_o it_o be_v likely_a that_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o french_a king_n nay_o state_n of_o holland_n and_o other_o prince_n will_v quick_o take_v the_o first_o opportunity_n either_o to_o make_v their_o prince_n and_o state_n to_o â—ax_v they_o no_o more_o than_o they_o please_v themselves_o or_o else_o they_o may_v present_o cry_v with_o the_o israelite_n to_o thy_o tent_n o_o israel_n nor_o can_v i_o see_v how_o the_o king_n and_o parliament_n in_o england_n will_v be_v in_o a_o much_o better_a conâ—ition_n in_o relation_n to_o the_o people_n they_o represent_v shall_v they_o impose_v great_a tax_n than_o they_o think_v they_o can_v afford_v to_o pay_v and_o this_o privilege_n you_o give_v the_o israelite_n seem_v to_o be_v clean_a contrary_n to_o what_o you_o lay_v down_o at_o our_o last_o conference_n wherein_o you_o except_v great_a tax_n and_o tribute_n to_o prince_n or_o state_n as_o no_o just_a cause_n of_o resistance_n or_o take_v up_o arm_n and_o therefore_o i_o think_v i_o may_v very_o well_o maintain_v the_o old_a doctrine_n about_o this_o matter_n and_o that_o though_o god_n do_v rend_v the_o kingdom_n from_o rehoboam_n and_o bestow_v it_o upon_o the_o son_n of_o nebat_fw-la who_o also_o when_o the_o people_n have_v make_v he_o king_n they_o be_v oblige_v to_o obey_v because_o it_o be_v god_n will_v it_o shall_v be_v so_o who_o give_v and_o take_v away_o kingdom_n from_o whosoever_o he_o please_v yet_o do_v not_o this_o at_o all_o justify_v the_o rebellion_n of_o the_o israelite_n or_o iereboam_n â—suâ—pation_n of_o his_o master_n kingdom_n since_o god_n oftentimes_o make_v use_n of_o this_o rebellion_n of_o the_o people_n to_o execute_v his_o judgement_n upon_o a_o sinful_a prince_n and_o nation_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v very_o remarkable_a that_o after_o this_o rebellion_n of_o the_o israelite_n from_o the_o house_n of_o david_n they_o never_o prosper_v but_o by_o their_o king_n still_o fall_v one_o after_o another_o into_o the_o same_o idolatry_n till_o god_n at_o last_o be_v so_o high_o provoke_v against_o they_o that_o he_o suffer_v they_o to_o be_v carry_v away_o captive_n into_o a_o strange_a land_n near_o two_o hundred_o year_n before_o the_o tribe_n of_o judah_n and_o benjamin_n undergo_v the_o same_o fate_n for_o the_o like_a crime_n f._n i_o hope_v you_o will_v not_o be_v in_o a_o passion_n because_o i_o have_v bring_v this_o instance_n of_o the_o israelite_n defection_n from_o rehoboam_n as_o a_o example_n of_o the_o right_a that_o subject_n may_v have_v in_o those_o case_n i_o have_v put_v to_o resist_v or_o cast_v off_o those_o supreme_a power_n that_o god_n have_v once_o set_v over_o they_o for_o i_o do_v confess_v divine_n and_o other_o author_n be_v much_o divide_v about_o this_o action_n of_o the_o israelite_n some_o maintain_v it_o to_o be_v well_o do_v and_o in_o pursuance_n to_o god_n will_n and_o other_o hold_v it_o to_o be_v downright_a rebellion_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v not_o positive_o assert_v either_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o much_o less_o that_o subject_n may_v rebel_v whensoever_o they_o conceive_v themselves_o overtax_v but_o thus_o much_o i_o think_v i_o may_v safe_o affirm_v that_o if_o the_o israelite_n have_v no_o right_n upon_o any_o score_n whatsoever_o to_o resist_v i_o can_v see_v why_o rehoboam_n may_v not_o have_v make_v they_o if_o he_o have_v please_v as_o arrant_a slave_n as_o ever_o their_o ancestor_n be_v in_o egypt_n and_o what_o he_o else_o mean_v by_o say_v instead_o of_o whip_n to_o chastise_v they_o with_o scorpion_n which_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o thorny_a rod_n with_o which_o the_o jew_n correct_v their_o slave_n and_o malefactor_n i_o can_v understand_v and_o as_o for_o tax_n though_o i_o confess_v there_o be_v no_o set_v any_o positive_a measure_n to_o they_o since_o no_o man_n can_v positive_o define_v what_o the_o exigence_n of_o a_o state_n may_v require_v and_o i_o think_v no_o good_a subject_n ought_v to_o deny_v to_o contribute_v as_o much_o as_o ever_o they_o be_v able_a to_o afford_v to_o maintain_v the_o government_n they_o live_v under_o as_o long_o as_o they_o receive_v the_o protection_n of_o it_o so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n shall_v the_o supreme_a power_n of_o any_o nation_n where_o the_o people_n be_v not_o mere_a slave_n under_o the_o pretence_n of_o lay_v necessary_a tax_n for_o the_o maintenance_n or_o preservation_n of_o the_o government_n be_v constant_o exact_v from_o the_o people_n more_o than_o they_o be_v able_a to_o pay_v as_o if_o for_o example_n they_o shall_v out_o of_o every_o man_n estate_n take_v nineteen_o part_n and_o leave_v but_o the_o twenty_o for_o the_o subsistance_n of_o those_o that_o own_o it_o i_o do_v not_o think_v in_o that_o case_n the_o people_n be_v oblige_v in_o conscience_n to_o pay_v it_o and_o may_v in_o such_o case_n lawful_o resist_v those_o officer_n that_o shall_v come_v to_o levy_v it_o by_o force_n m._n i_o can_v have_v argue_v far_o against_o what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v concern_v this_o right_n of_o the_o people_n of_o resist_v in_o case_n of_o extravagant_a or_o intolerable_a tax_n but_o since_o it_o be_v not_o to_o the_o subject_a in_o hand_n i_o shall_v refer_v it_o to_o another_o time_n and_o therefore_o to_o return_v where_o i_o leave_v off_o i_o shall_v in_o the_o next_o place_n show_v you_o how_o sacred_a
the_o power_n of_o any_o thing_n 1_o cor._n 6.12_o must_v signify_v force_n and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d must_v signify_v authority_n and_o dignity_n thus_o ephes._n 1.21_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o be_v several_a name_n and_o degree_n of_o dignity_n and_o authority_n as_o well_o as_o power_n and_o in_o the_o second_o place_n you_o do_v much_o more_o mistake_n when_o you_o suppose_v by_o this_o word_n power_n to_o be_v mean_v only_o the_o true_a or_o just_a exercise_n of_o civil_a authority_n whereas_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o person_n themselves_o who_o exercise_n authority_n and_o dominion_n the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o ruler_n v_o 3._o the_o minister_n of_o god_n which_o bear_v the_o sword_n v_o 4._o in_o st._n peter_n the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o king_n and_o his_o governor_n and_o magistrate_n 1._o pet._n ch._n 2._o v._n 13_o 14._o and_o therefore_o imu_v tell_v you_o you_o do_v very_o ill_a to_o separate_v the_o power_n or_o authority_n from_o the_o person_n instruct_v with_o it_o but_o suppose_v i_o shall_v grant_v you_o that_o this_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d do_v here_o signify_v the_o exercise_n of_o authority_n 133._o yet_o do_v it_o not_o signify_v the_o right_n and_o lawful_a use_n of_o this_o power_n but_o the_o right_n to_o exercise_n this_o authority_n whether_o well_o or_o ill_o it_o be_v all_o one_o as_o to_o the_o submission_n due_a to_o it_o because_o no_o resistance_n can_v be_v lawful_a for_o want_v of_o a_o superior_a jurisdiction_n over_o it_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o be_v evident_a from_o john_n 19.10_o 11._o pilate_n say_v to_o jesus_n know_v thou_o not_o that_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i_o have_v power_n to_o crucify_v thou_o and_o have_v power_n to_o release_v thou_o jesus_n grant_v it_o and_o answer_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n thou_o can_v have_v no_o power_n against_o i_o 138._o except_o it_o be_v give_v thou_o from_o above_o and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v reduce_v your_o argument_n into_o the_o form_n of_o a_o syllogism_n that_o you_o may_v more_o plain_o see_v the_o absurdity_n of_o it_o power_n not_o ordain_v by_o god_n may_v be_v resist_v without_o danger_n of_o damnation_n but_o power_n use_v tyrannical_o be_v not_o ordain_v of_o god_n therefore_o we_o be_v not_o forbid_v to_o resist_v they_o in_o this_o syllogism_n the_o minor_a be_v not_o true_a for_o though_o tyranny_n be_v not_o the_o ordinance_n of_o god_n yet_o the_o power_n or_o authority_n of_o which_o this_o tyranny_n be_v but_o a_o abuse_n be_v of_o divine_a institution_n for_o though_o the_o supreme_a power_n be_v command_v to_o rule_v just_o yet_o be_v it_o withal_o enable_v to_o act_v otherwise_o for_o the_o good_a or_o ill_a use_n of_o it_o be_v leave_v indifferent_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o subject_n subjection_n though_o not_o of_o the_o magistrate_n command_v or_o act_v power_n so_o that_o the_o abuse_n of_o this_o power_n do_v not_o make_v void_a the_o authority_n though_o act_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o god_n or_o nature_n the_o obligation_n not_o to_o resist_v the_o supreme_a power_n receive_v not_o any_o validity_n from_o their_o justice_n nor_o be_v it_o weaken_v or_o annul_v by_o their_o violence_n or_o injustice_n saul_n be_v god_n anointed_n and_o pilate_n have_v his_o authority_n from_o above_o notwithstanding_o their_o high_a abuse_n of_o it_o so_o that_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n i_o incline_v to_o believe_v that_o the_o reason_n which_o make_v st._n paul_n call_v the_o magistrate_n by_o the_o abstract_n power_n be_v this_o he_o write_v to_o christian_n live_v in_o the_o roman_a empire_n and_o it_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o latin_a tongue_n to_o call_v person_n endue_v witâ—_n power_n 133._o potestates_fw-la you_o may_v observe_v it_o in_o ulpiâ—n_n l_o quid_fw-la sit_fw-la d._n de_fw-fr aedil_n edict_n §_o 19_o and_o in_o augustine_n epist._n 48._o who_o say_v sive_fw-la potestâ—s_fw-la veritati_fw-la saven_n aliquem_fw-la corrigat_fw-la laudem_fw-la habet_fw-la ex_fw-la illo_fw-la qui_fw-la fuerit_fw-la emendatus_fw-la sive_fw-la inimica_fw-la veritati_fw-la in_o aliquem_fw-la saeviat_fw-la laudem_fw-la habet_fw-la ex_fw-la illo_fw-la qui_fw-la fuerit_fw-la coâ—natus_fw-la and_o mark_v that_o potestâ—s_fw-la inimica_fw-la veritati_fw-la must_v needs_o signify_v a_o man_n abuse_v his_o authority_n and_o in_o iâ—venal_n we_o read_v a_o fidenarum_fw-la gabirunque_fw-la esse_fw-la potestas_fw-la aâ—d_a in_o suetonius_n jurisdictionem_fw-la de_fw-la siâ—ei_fw-la commissis_fw-la 〈…〉_z &_o tanâ—um_fw-la in_o urbe_fw-la deligari_fw-la mâ—gistratibus_fw-la solitam_fw-la in_fw-la perpetuum_fw-la atque_fw-la etiam_fw-la per_fw-la provincias_fw-la potestatibus_fw-la delegavit_fw-la the_o modern_a language_n italian_a and_o french_a which_o be_v breed_v out_o of_o the_o latin_a retain_v this_o ancient_a way_n of_o speak_v for_o potestat_fw-la in_o old_a french_a and_o podesta_fw-la in_o italian_a express_v not_o the_o function_n only_o but_o the_o person_n who_o manage_n it_o thus_o ancient_o the_o latin_a word_n for_o the_o chief_a justice_n be_v justitia_fw-la as_o you_o may_v find_v in_o glanvil_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 6._o and_o roger_n hoveden_n annal_n so_o our_o king_n be_v call_v in_o the_o abstract_n majesty_n as_o the_o grecian_a emperor_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d many_o dangerous_a consequence_n flow_v from_o thence_o but_o i_o desire_v not_o to_o make_v sport_n with_o that_o unhappy_a distinction_n which_o have_v almost_o ruin_v as_o flourish_v and_o strong_o temper_v a_o kingdom_n as_o any_o in_o the_o christian_a world_n it_o expose_v magistrate_n and_o all_o in_o authority_n to_o the_o 〈…〉_z and_o injury_n of_o the_o base_a sort_n of_o people_n for_o when_o discontent_v it_o be_v very_o obvious_a for_o they_o to_o tell_v they_o though_o reverence_n be_v indeed_o due_a to_o theâ—_n function_n yet_o that_o set_v their_o office_n aside_o they_o will_v take_v the_o liberty_n only_o to_o kick_v their_o person_n and_o that_o the_o magistrate_n be_v not_o at_o all_o affront_v though_o the_o man_n be_v sound_o beat_v indeed_o it_o be_v against_o common_a sense_n to_o put_v such_o a_o difference_n between_o the_o person_n and_o the_o authority_n of_o king_n for_o if_o it_o be_v real_a neither_o god_n nor_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n have_v make_v any_o provision_n for_o the_o king_n safety_n for_o his_o authority_n be_v not_o capable_a of_o receive_v any_o benefit_n and_o therefore_o it_o must_v be_v acknowledge_v by_o all_o sober_a and_o reasonable_a man_n that_o this_o authority_n do_v but_o convey_v such_o and_o such_o privilege_n upon_o the_o person_n who_o only_o can_v be_v sensible_a of_o they_o and_o consequent_o whatever_o be_v attempt_v against_o his_o person_n be_v attempt_v against_o his_o authority_n likewise_o f._n i_o doubt_v you_o will_v have_v no_o better_a luck_n in_o criticism_n than_o my_o seâ—f_n and_o that_o they_o will_v do_v your_o cause_n as_o little_a good_a for_o if_o there_o be_v no_o difference_n in_o the_o scripture_n between_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o you_o affirm_v and_o that_o both_o of_o they_o signify_v not_o the_o authority_n alone_o but_o the_o person_n endue_v with_o it_o and_o that_o they_o be_v all_o from_o god_n than_o tyrant_n and_o usurter_n be_v ordain_v likewise_o by_o god_n and_o consequent_o oliver_z cromwâ—ll_n be_v as_o much_o the_o ordinance_n of_o god_n as_o king_n charles_n and_o if_o this_o be_v your_o doctrine_n much_o goâ—d_n may_v it_o do_v you_o but_o pray_v keep_v it_o to_o yourself_o lest_o iâ—_n your_o friend_n the_o old_a cavalier_n come_v to_o know_v it_o they_o will_v quite_o banish_v you_o their_o company_n beside_o i_o can_v show_v you_o other_o consequence_n that_o will_v follow_v from_o it_o which_o i_o have_v not_o now_o a_o mind_n to_o urge_v but_o may_v hereafter_o for_o i_o have_v no_o mind_n to_o enter_v into_o that_o troublesome_a debate_n any_o more_o for_o i_o tell_v you_o enough_o of_o my_o mind_n concern_v it_o the_o last_o time_n we_o meet_v save_v one_o but_o since_o you_o will_v needs_o have_v these_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d not_o to_o signify_v power_n or_o authority_n but_o the_o person_n themselves_o you_o shall_v have_v your_o will_n for_o once_o only_o i_o pray_v now_o answer_v i_o one_o short_a question_n when_o for_o example_n charles_n the_o six_o king_n of_o france_n fall_v mad_a and_o will_v have_v kill_v his_o servant_n by_o what_o authority_n do_v they_o distinguish_v and_o separate_v between_o his_o person_n and_o his_o power_n and_o think_v that_o they_o may_v very_o well_o resist_v and_o bind_v the_o one_o without_o any_o diminution_n to_o the_o other_o or_o by_o what_o right_o do_v the_o portuguese_n seize_v and_o imprison_v their_o late_a king_n and_o make_v
scripture_n will_v not_o carry_v you_o through_o and_o therefore_o you_o will_v fain_o confute_v my_o argument_n by_o ridicul_v they_o but_o in_o answer_n to_o the_o expedient_n you_o have_v now_o propose_v i_o think_v i_o may_v make_v this_o return_n 1._o as_o for_o petition_v when_o a_o government_n grow_v insupportable_a suppose_v then_o the_o prince_n declare_v he_o will_v not_o be_v petition_v in_o this_o matter_n but_o as_o the_o french_a king_n late_o do_v when_o the_o protestant_n will_v have_v petition_v he_o against_o the_o violation_n of_o the_o edict_n of_o nantes_n delight_v to_o see_v man_n ruin_v or_o suppose_v he_o lay_v any_o man_n by_o the_o heel_n that_o shall_v offer_v never_o so_o humble_o to_o petition_v he_o either_o in_o his_o own_o or_o the_o people_n behalf_n as_o king_n james_n late_o serve_v the_o bishop_n then_o this_o expedient_a can_v signify_v nothing_o as_o for_o the_o next_o fly_v into_o another_o country_n for_o succour_n that_o be_v a_o very_a sorry_a comfort_n that_o a_o man_n must_v be_v force_v to_o go_v and_o beg_v his_o bread_n in_o a_o strange_a land_n and_o whatever_o this_o may_v be_v a_o duty_n for_o private_a or_o single_a person_n yet_o it_o can_v extend_v to_o a_o whole_a nation_n since_o if_o all_o the_o people_n shall_v go_v away_o the_o commonwealth_n or_o civil_a society_n will_v be_v dissolve_v and_o far_a perhaps_o as_o now_o in_o france_n and_o in_o all_o tyrannical_a government_n it_o be_v common_o practise_v the_o prince_n shall_v forbid_v his_o subject_n to_o go_v out_o of_o his_o kingdom_n upon_o pain_n of_o death_n or_o be_v send_v to_o the_o galley_n than_o i_o think_v this_o expedient_a will_v signify_v nothing_o neither_o but_o now_o if_o nothing_o else_o will_v do_v you_o say_v resistance_n can_v be_v of_o no_o use_n for_n such_o miserable_a people_n because_o a_o prince_n will_v not_o dare_v to_o attempt_v any_o such_o thing_n against_o such_o a_o number_n of_o man_n as_o be_v in_o a_o capacity_n of_o revenge_v the_o wrong_n do_v they_o where_o they_o will_v only_o out_o of_o hope_n that_o they_o will_v not_o because_o they_o ought_v not_o to_o do_v it_o i_o grant_v indeed_o that_o never_o any_o tyrant_n when_o he_o go_v about_o thus_o to_o oppress_v his_o people_n design_v they_o shall_v be_v in_o a_o capacity_n to_o revenge_v the_o wrong_n he_o do_v they_o when_o they_o will_v and_o therefore_o such_o tyrant_n take_v very_o great_a care_n by_o guard_n and_o stand_v army_n to_o prevent_v it_o but_o yet_o i_o can_v show_v you_o a_o prince_n who_o very_o late_o receive_v such_o encouragement_n by_o the_o write_n and_o preach_v of_o our_o high_a clergy_n that_o he_o seem_v resolve_v to_o bring_v in_o popery_n and_o arbitrary_a government_n upon_o we_o chief_o out_o of_o hope_n that_o the_o people_n will_v not_o because_o as_o he_o think_v they_o ought_v not_o to_o resist_v and_o though_o i_o also_o grant_v that_o few_o monarch_n injure_v particular_a man_n so_o much_o but_o that_o if_o they_o believe_v they_o able_a to_o revenge_v the_o wrong_n they_o take_v care_n as_o far_o as_o they_o can_v to_o prevent_v it_o yet_o this_o signify_v nothing_o if_o once_o a_o whole_a nation_n come_v to_o be_v oppress_v and_o disgu_v against_o the_o government_n for_o if_o such_o a_o prince_n or_o commonwealth_n have_v not_o the_o assistance_n of_o some_o other_o power_n either_o his_o own_o stand_a army_n or_o his_o neighbour_n his_o authority_n will_v soon_o be_v at_o a_o end_n thus_o we_o read_v of_o the_o massacre_n and_o expulsion_n of_o the_o french_a out_o of_o sicily_n it_o be_v do_v in_o the_o twinkle_n of_o a_o eye_n and_o before_o those_o in_o power_n have_v the_o least_o suspicion_n of_o it_o so_o likewise_o in_o the_o late_a revolt_n of_o the_o portuguese_n from_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n his_o government_n be_v at_o a_o end_n in_o little_a more_o than_o a_o day_n time_n and_o that_o nation_n will_v tell_v you_o that_o they_o look_v upon_o the_o benefit_n of_o be_v govern_v by_o a_o prince_n of_o their_o own_o and_o enjoy_v their_o own_o law_n as_o very_o well_o worth_a that_o expense_n of_o blood_n and_o treasure_n they_o be_v at_o to_o obtain_v it_o to_o conclude_v i_o do_v not_o speak_v this_o to_o encourage_v the_o rabble_n or_o great_a and_o little_a vulgar_a as_o you_o call_v they_o to_o take_v arm_n and_o punish_v prince_n every_o time_n they_o do_v amiss_o nor_o have_v i_o at_o all_o assert_v that_o prince_n may_v be_v punish_v by_o their_o subject_n unless_o you_o can_v prove_v to_o i_o that_o every_o one_o who_o resist_v the_o violence_n of_o another_o be_v his_o lord_n and_o master_n neither_o do_v i_o maintain_v that_o though_o prince_n be_v bind_v to_o act_v according_a to_o law_n and_o to_o their_o oath_n yet_o if_o they_o do_v otherwise_o they_o be_v present_o to_o be_v treat_v as_o tyrant_n and_o the_o common_a enemy_n of_o mankind_n or_o that_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o every_o private_a man_n to_o defend_v himself_o against_o the_o injustice_n and_o oppression_n of_o his_o prince_n i_o grant_v such_o doctrine_n will_v serve_v to_o fill_v the_o world_n with_o rebellion_n war_n and_o confusion_n and_o may_v produce_v all_o those_o dreadful_a consequence_n you_o have_v here_o set_v forth_o but_o on_o the_o other_o side_n under_o such_o a_o tyranny_n as_o where_o the_o whole_a people_n or_o the_o major_a part_n of_o they_o shall_v happen_v to_o be_v assault_v enslave_v and_o oppress_v to_o that_o degree_n that_o no_o man_n can_v tell_v when_o he_o be_v safe_a i_o say_v in_o such_o case_n a_o tyrant_n may_v destroy_v more_o thousand_o of_o man_n ravish_v more_o woman_n and_o ruin_v more_o family_n and_o estate_n than_o it_o be_v likely_a to_o be_v do_v by_o the_o high_a resistance_n the_o people_n can_v make_v against_o he_o since_o they_o be_v mad_a if_o ever_o they_o make_v this_o resistance_n unless_o they_o be_v also_o moral_o sure_a either_o by_o their_o own_o strength_n or_o the_o assistance_n of_o their_o neighbour_n of_o succeed_a in_o the_o attempt_n nor_o do_v the_o consequence_n of_o such_o resistance_n but_o rare_o fall_v out_o in_o the_o manner_n you_o suppose_v for_o it_o seldom_o happen_v but_o that_o the_o new_a prince_n to_o who_o the_o people_n submit_v themselves_o will_v be_v warn_v by_o the_o example_n of_o his_o predecessor_n take_v care_n to_o govern_v with_o great_a mercy_n and_o moderation_n and_o it_o be_v much_o more_o unlikely_a that_o if_o they_o choose_v or_o set_v up_o many_o representative_n out_o of_o their_o own_o body_n that_o they_o will_v be_v easy_o corrupt_v by_o power_n and_o greatness_n thus_o to_o oppress_v the_o people_n and_o last_o it_o be_v much_o less_o probable_a that_o the_o people_n can_v continue_v long_o in_o a_o anarchy_n without_o any_o government_n at_o all_o so_o that_o to_o conclude_v this_o doctrine_n of_o resist_v of_o prince_n or_o other_o supreme_a power_n in_o case_n of_o extremity_n be_v so_o far_o from_o tend_v to_o the_o ruin_n of_o mankind_n that_o i_o can_v see_v how_o they_o can_v be_v safe_a without_o it_o and_o though_o the_o punishment_n of_o prince_n who_o abuse_v their_o power_n may_v be_v leave_v to_o god_n almighty_a yet_o i_o be_o confident_a the_o resist_n of_o those_o who_o though_o they_o have_v the_o power_n of_o the_o sword_n in_o their_o hand_n yet_o act_n as_o none_o of_o god_n minister_n be_v neither_o contrary_n to_o the_o law_n of_o god_n nor_o nature_n m._n i_o perceive_v you_o want_v testimony_n out_o of_o scripture_n to_o justify_v your_o doctrine_n of_o resistance_n and_o therefore_o you_o be_v when_o press_v by_o these_o force_v to_o fly_v to_o your_o old_a refuge_n of_o self-defence_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n in_o which_o though_o i_o have_v be_v force_v to_o follow_v you_o and_o quit_v the_o method_n i_o propose_v to_o myself_o yet_o i_o will_v have_v you_o to_o know_v it_o be_v not_o for_o want_v of_o more_o text_n of_o scripture_n and_o therefore_o i_o must_v still_o far_o enforce_v the_o true_a sense_n of_o that_o place_n of_o the_o first_o of_o st._n peter_n 141._o submit_v yourselves_o to_o every_o ordinance_n of_o man_n for_o the_o lord_n sake_n whether_o it_o be_v to_o the_o king_n as_o supreme_a or_o unto_o governor_n as_o to_o they_o that_o be_v send_v by_o he_o for_o the_o punishment_n of_o evil_a doer_n and_o for_o the_o praise_n of_o they_o that_o do_v well_o for_o this_o be_v the_o very_a same_o doctrine_n which_o st._n paul_n teach_v the_o roman_n let_v every_o soul_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o high_a power_n for_o the_o same_o word_n be_v use_v in_o the_o original_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o therefore_o to_o submit_v and_o to_o be_v subject_n be_v the_o
second_o he_o gives_z we_o in_o his_o prologue_n to_o his_o treatise_n of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n this_o testimony_n leges_fw-la namque_fw-la anglicanas_fw-la liceâ—â—on_fw-la scriptas_fw-la leges_fw-la appellari_fw-la non_fw-la videtur_fw-la absurdum_fw-la cum_fw-la boc_fw-la ipsum_fw-la lex_fw-la sit_fw-la quod_fw-la principi_fw-la placet_fw-la &_o legis_fw-la habet_fw-la vigorem_fw-la â—as_fw-la scilicet_fw-la quas_fw-la super_fw-la dubljs_fw-la in_o conâ—ilio_fw-la definiendis_fw-la procerum_fw-la quidem_fw-la consilio_fw-la &_o principis_fw-la accadente_fw-la authoritate_fw-la constat_fw-la esse_fw-la promulgatas_fw-la so_o likewise_o bracton_n in_o his_o very_a first_o chapter_n speak_v much_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n cum_fw-la legis_fw-la vigorem_fw-la habeat_fw-la quicquid_fw-la de_fw-la consilio_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr consâ—nsu_fw-la magnatum_fw-la &_o reipublicae_fw-la commâ—ni_fw-la sponsione_n authoritate_fw-la principis_fw-la prâ—ceâ—â—nte_fw-la justè_fw-la fuerit_fw-la definiâ—um_fw-la &_o approbatum_fw-la and_o also_o in_o his_o three_o book_n chap._n 2._o when_o he_o speak_v of_o the_o ancient_a manner_n of_o make_v law_n in_o england_n he_o say_v quae_fw-la quidem_fw-la fuerint_fw-la approbate_a concensu_fw-la utentium_fw-la &_o sacramento_n râ—gum_fw-la confirmaâ—ae_fw-la non_fw-la possunt_fw-la mutari_fw-la atâ—_n destrui_fw-la sine_fw-la communi_fw-la consensu_fw-la utentium_fw-la &_o consilio_fw-la eorum_fw-la quorum_fw-la consilio_fw-la &_o consensu_fw-la fuerint_fw-la promulgata_fw-la where_o you_o may_v see_v these_o ancient_a author_n plain_o declare_v that_o nothing_o have_v the_o force_n of_o a_o law_n in_o this_o kingdom_n but_o what_o be_v approve_v of_o and_o consent_v to_o by_o all_o order_n of_o man_n either_o by_o themselves_o or_o their_o representative_n and_o which_o be_v very_o remarkable_a bracton_n suppose_v the_o king_n authority_n or_o royal_a sanction_n of_o a_o law_n may_v precede_v the_o consent_n of_o the_o great_a council_n which_o quite_o destroy_v that_o notion_n that_o it_o be_v the_o king_n give_v his_o last_o assent_n which_o give_v it_o the_o essence_n and_o vigour_n of_o a_o law_n and_o with_o these_o more_o ancient_a sage_n of_o the_o law_n fortescue_n also_o agree_v in_o his_o 9th_o chap._n dâ—_n laudibus_fw-la legum_n angliae_fw-la where_o he_o say_v rex_fw-la angliae_fw-la populum_fw-la gubernaâ—_fw-la non_fw-la mera_fw-fr potesâ—â—_n to_o regid_a sed_fw-la politica_fw-la populus_fw-la &_o enim_fw-la ijs_fw-la legibâ—_n guberâ—â—tur_fw-la quas_fw-la ipse_fw-la fert_fw-la etc._n etc._n what_o follow_v be_v word_n for_o word_n the_o same_o with_o what_o bracton_n have_v before_o in_o his_o first_o chap_n and_o therefore_o need_v not_o to_o be_v repeat_v so_o likewise_o in_o the_o 18_o chap._n speak_v of_o the_o absolute_a legislative_a power_n of_o king_n in_o some_o other_o kingdom_n he_o thus_o proceed_v sed_fw-la non_fw-la sic_fw-la angliae_fw-la statuta_fw-la oriri_fw-la possunt_fw-la dum_fw-la nelum_fw-la principis_fw-la voluntate_fw-la sed_fw-la &_o toâ—ius_fw-la regni_fw-la assensu_fw-la ipsa_fw-la conduntur_fw-la quo_fw-la populi_n laesuram_fw-la nequiunt_fw-la vel_fw-la non_fw-la eorum_fw-la commodum_fw-la procurare_fw-la but_o if_o they_o after_o prove_v inconvenient_a he_o immediate_o add_v concito_fw-la reformari_fw-la ipsa_fw-la possunt_fw-la sed_fw-la non_fw-la sine_fw-la communitatis_fw-la &_o proterum_fw-la regni_fw-la illius_fw-la assensu_fw-la quali_fw-la ipsa_fw-la primitùs_fw-la emanarunt_fw-la to_o which_o i_o may_v also_o add_v a_o authority_n out_o of_o that_o learned_a author_n st._n german_n who_o in_o his_o dialogue_n call_v the_o dr._n and_o student_n write_v in_o latin_a in_o the_o 10_o chap._n entitle_v de_fw-la sexto_fw-la fundamento_fw-la legis_fw-la angliae_fw-la the_o student_n thus_o speak_v sexium_fw-la fundamentum_fw-la legis_fw-la angliae_fw-la sâ—at_fw-la in_o diversis_fw-la statutis_fw-la per_fw-la dominum_fw-la regem_fw-la &_o progenitores_fw-la suos_fw-la &_o per_fw-la dominos_fw-la spirituales_fw-la &_o temporales_fw-la &_o per_fw-la communitatem_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la in_o parliamentis_fw-la editis_fw-la ubi_fw-la lex_fw-la rationis_fw-la lex_fw-la diviâ—a_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la maxima_fw-la sive_fw-la alia_fw-la fundamenta_fw-la legis_fw-la anglia_fw-it prià s_o sufficere_fw-la minimè_fw-la videbantur_fw-la where_o you_o see_v the_o legislative_a power_n be_v here_o attribute_v to_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o joint_o with_o the_o king_n and_o therefore_o my_o lord_n coke_n in_o his_o note_n upon_o the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n i_o call_v it_o a_o complete_a parliament_n as_o consist_v of_o all_o the_o estate_n necessary_a thereunto_o for_o say_v he_o a_o parliament_n concern_v make_v or_o enact_v law_n consist_v of_o the_o king_n the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a and_o commons_o and_o 〈◊〉_d be_v no_o act_n of_o parliament_n unless_o it_o be_v make_v by_o the_o king_n lord_n and_o commons_z m._n i_o shall_v not_o much_o concern_v myself_o with_o what_o your_o common_a lawyer_n either_o ancient_a or_o modern_a have_v write_v upon_o this_o matter_n much_o less_o what_o sir_n edward_n coke_n a_o know_a enemy_n to_o the_o king_n prerogative_n do_v maintain_v since_o i_o have_v as_o good_a or_o a_o better_a authority_n than_o he_o b._n viz._n that_o of_o the_o year-book_n of_o 22_o ed._n 3._o wherein_o it_o be_v express_o declare_v by_o divers_a earl_n and_o baron_n and_o by_o all_o the_o justice_n in_o the_o case_n of_o one_o headlow_n and_o his_o wife_n who_o have_v a_o suit_n with_o the_o king_n that_o the_o king_n make_v the_o law_n by_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o and_o not_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o and_o that_o he_o can_v have_v no_o peer_n in_o his_o own_o land_n and_o that_o the_o king_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v judge_v by_o they_o so_o that_o it_o be_v i_o think_v evident_a that_o the_o law_n be_v primary_o and_o proper_o make_v by_o the_o king_n and_o that_o the_o two_o house_n have_v a_o cooperation_n but_o no_o co-ordination_a of_o power_n with_o he_o and_o though_o at_o this_o day_n i_o grant_v that_o custom_n have_v make_v the_o assent_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o necessary_a to_o the_o pass_v of_o all_o law_n yet_o it_o be_v still_o the_o king_n word_n or_o le_fw-fr royal_a veulâ—_n that_o make_v they_o so_o and_o i_o much_o doubt_n whether_o even_o this_o be_v part_n of_o the_o ancient_a constitution_n of_o this_o kingdom_n or_o not_o or_o proceed_v at_o first_o from_o the_o gracious_a favour_n and_o permission_n of_o former_a king_n as_o i_o can_v show_v by_o the_o whole_a series_n of_o council_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n if_o it_o be_v not_o too_o tedious_a to_o mention_v they_o particular_o therefore_o i_o shall_v only_o select_a some_o of_o the_o most_o remarkable_a for_o though_o i_o confess_v the_o english_a saxon_a king_n perform_v all_o great_a and_o considerable_a thing_n by_o the_o counsel_n and_o advice_n of_o their_o bishop_n and_o nobleman_n comprehend_v under_o the_o general_a name_n of_o wit_n yet_o you_o will_v find_v by_o the_o title_n of_o almost_o all_o the_o council_n in_o spellman_n lambard_n and_o that_o these_o king_n alone_o make_v their_o law_n though_o by_o the_o advice_n and_o council_n of_o their_o wittena_n gemote_a which_o be_v then_o no_o other_o than_o the_o king_n be_v great_a council_n since_o he_o call_v what_o great_a man_n and_o bishop_n he_o please_v to_o it_o and_o omit_v the_o rest_n and_o it_o be_v never_o mention_v that_o they_o be_v make_v by_o their_o consent_n as_o necessary_a thereunto_o nay_o sometime_o we_o find_v that_o some_o of_o the_o ancient_a saxon_a king_n make_v law_n without_o the_o assent_n of_o their_o great_a council_n 171._o thus_o offâ—_n king_n of_o the_o mercian_n be_v at_o rome_n out_o of_o his_o royal_a munificence_n give_v to_o the_o support_n of_o the_o people_n of_o his_o kingdom_n that_o shall_v come_v thither_o a_o penny_n to_o be_v pay_v yearly_o for_o ever_o out_o of_o every_o family_n by_o all_o who_o good_n in_o the_o field_n exceed_v the_o value_n of_o thirty_o penny_n and_o this_o he_o make_v a_o perpetual_a constitution_n throughout_o all_o his_o dominion_n except_v the_o land_n confer_v upon_o the_o monastery_n of_o st._n alban_n this_o imposition_n and_o law_n continue_v a_o long_a while_n in_o force_n though_o we_o find_v it_o not_o confirm_v by_o any_o great_a council_n in_o the_o time_n of_o his_o successor_n only_o in_o the_o law_n of_o king_n edgar_n council_n and_o king_n edward_n it_o be_v enjoin_v to_o be_v pay_v as_o the_o king_n alm_n which_o imply_v it_o be_v the_o king_n gift_n and_o that_o sole_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o a_o great_a council_n but_o to_o give_v you_o a_o more_o particular_a proof_n of_o the_o supreme_a and_o absolute_a power_n of_o our_o saxon_a king_n dein_fw-ge as_o well_o during_o the_o heptarchy_n as_o afterward_o in_o make_v ad_fw-la establish_v law_n i_o shall_v begin_v with_o the_o first_o we_o have_v extant_a which_o be_v those_o of_o ina_n king_n of_o the_o westsaxon_n who_o begin_v his_o reign_n anno._n 712._o in_o the_o preface_n to_o his_o law_n 1._o we_o find_v it_o thus_o express_a which_o i_o shall_v render_v out_o of_o the_o saxon_n copy_n publish_v by_o
avire_n homme_fw-fr de_fw-fr people_n mes_fw-fr ed._n roy_fw-fr son_fw-fr fils_fw-fr ordeign_a que_fw-fr home_fw-fr sueroit_fw-fr vers_fw-la roy_fw-fr per_fw-la petition_v mos_n unque_n roys_n ne_fw-fr seront_fw-fr adjugez_fw-fr si_fw-mi non_fw-la per_fw-la euâ—_n melme_n &_o lour_v justice_n so_o that_o if_o the_o former_a part_n of_o it_o â—e_v law_n the_o latter_a must_v be_v so_o too_o and_o then_o it_o will_v direct_o contradict_v what_o you_o have_v quote_v before_o out_o of_o bracton_n that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o 3d_o in_o which_o he_o live_v there_o lie_v no_o remedy_n against_o the_o king_n but_o only_o by_o petition_n whereas_o this_o opinion_n make_v he_o before_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o to_o have_v be_v liable_a to_o the_o same_o legal_a process_n with_o other_o men._n but_o notwithstanding_o this_o passage_n in_o the_o year-book_n may_v very_o well_o bear_v a_o legal_a interpretation_n only_o by_o supply_v what_o be_v indeed_o to_o be_v understand_v after_o the_o word_n non_fw-fr pas_fw-fr les_fw-fr peer_n &_o le_fw-fr commune_fw-la viz._n sans_o assent_v du_fw-fr roy_fw-fr which_o as_o it_o be_v then_o true_a so_o i_o hope_v it_o will_v ever_o be_v so_o but_o i_o think_v i_o can_v give_v you_o a_o much_o better_a authority_n than_o this_o year-book_n to_o prove_v where_o the_o power_n of_o make_v and_o dispense_v with_o law_n 21._o do_v true_o reside_v viz._n the_o solemn_a declaration_n of_o the_o king_n lord_n and_o commons_o in_o the_o 25_o henry_n 8._o ah_o prince_n as_o jealous_a of_o â—is_n prerogative_n as_o any_o of_o his_o predecessor_n where_o in_o the_o preamble_n read_v these_o word_n it_o stand_v therefore_o with_o natural_a equity_n and_o good_a reason_n that_o in_o all_o and_o every_o such_o human_a law_n make_v within_o this_o realm_n or_o induce_v into_o this_o realm_n by_o the_o say_a sufferance_n consent_n and_o custom_n your_o royal_a majesty_n and_o your_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a and_o commons_o represent_v the_o whole_a state_n of_o your_o realm_n in_o this_o your_o high_a court_n of_o parliament_n have_v full_a power_n and_o authority_n not_o only_o to_o dispense_v with_o those_o and_o all_o other_o humane_a law_n of_o this_o your_o realm_n as_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o person_n and_o matter_n shall_v require_v and_o also_o the_o say_a law_n and_o every_o of_o they_o to_o abrogate_v annul_v amplify_v and_o diminish_v as_o it_o shall_v seem_v to_o your_o majesty_n and_o the_o noble_n and_o commons_o of_o your_o realm_n present_a in_o your_o parliament_n meet_v and_o convenient_a for_o the_o wealth_n of_o your_o realm_n etc._n etc._n whereby_o you_o may_v plain_o see_v that_o the_o power_n of_o make_v abrogate_a and_o also_o dispense_v with_o law_n be_v by_o this_o act_n ascribe_v joint_o to_o the_o king_n and_o the_o two_o house_n of_o parliament_n but_o though_o i_o do_v not_o affirm_v that_o they_o have_v a_o coordinate_a power_n with_o the_o king_n in_o make_v law_n yet_o they_o have_v a_o co-operative_a power_n therein_o which_o yet_o be_v no_o more_o than_o your_o co-operation_n for_o what_o be_v a_o co-operation_n but_o a_o power_n of_o work_v together_o and_o how_o can_v three_o distinct_a body_n work_v together_o without_o each_o contribute_v their_o share_n to_o produce_v the_o intend_a effect_n m._n perhaps_o i_o may_v have_v be_v too_o unwary_a in_o my_o expression_n but_o pray_v answer_v the_o authority_n i_o have_v bring_v from_o our_o ancient_n english_a saxon_a law_n wherein_o it_o seem_v plain_a to_o i_o that_o the_o king_n have_v then_o the_o sole_a legislative_a power_n f._n i_o grant_v he_o have_v a_o chief_a share_n in_o the_o legislative_a power_n but_o not_o the_o sole_a power_n that_o be_v he_o can_v make_v no_o law_n but_o in_o the_o great_a council_n and_o by_o their_o consent_n and_o this_o you_o may_v have_v see_v as_o well_o as_o i_o if_o you_o have_v not_o sly_o pass_v by_o what_o make_v against_o you_o and_o therefore_o in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o begin_v with_o your_o instance_n of_o offa_n give_v that_o boon_n to_o the_o roman_a school_n i_o think_v the_o authority_n you_o bring_v for_o it_o be_v very_o slight_a for_o though_o i_o own_o that_o matthew_n paris_z who_o write_v his_o life_n relate_v this_o donation_n to_o have_v be_v make_v at_o rome_n without_o mention_v any_o consent_n or_o confirmation_n of_o his_o great_a council_n yet_o this_o seem_v but_o a_o imperfect_a account_n of_o the_o matter_n and_o according_a to_o the_o usual_a way_n of_o the_o writer_n of_o those_o time_n who_o be_v not_o so_o exact_a in_o such_o matter_n as_o they_o shall_v be_v and_o therefore_o though_o offa_n do_v give_v or_o vow_v these_o penny_n at_o rome_n yet_o the_o gift_n may_v receive_v its_o force_n from_o the_o consent_n of_o his_o great_a council_n after_o he_o come_v home_o since_o all_o his_o law_n and_o the_o act_n of_o his_o council_n be_v lose_v unless_o it_o be_v one_o which_o sir_n h._n spelman_n have_v give_v we_o from_o such_o remain_n as_o have_v be_v save_v out_o of_o the_o library_n of_o several_a monastery_n at_o their_o dissolution_n and_o this_o contain_v no_o less_o than_o the_o consent_n and_o confirmation_n of_o his_o great_a council_n assemble_v at_o calcuith_n anno_fw-la 940._o for_o the_o foundation_n and_o endowment_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o st._n alban_n as_o also_o that_o of_o another_o council_n at_o verulam_n for_o the_o confer_v of_o divers_a other_o land_n of_o his_o own_o to_o that_o monastery_n now_o i_o leave_v it_o to_o any_o indifferent_a man_n to_o judge_v whether_o that_o king_n who_o can_v not_o bestow_v his_o own_o demesne_n upon_o the_o church_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o common-council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n can_v give_v away_o at_o once_o the_o 30_o penny_n of_o all_o his_o subject_n estate_n for_o ever_o without_o their_o consent_n i_o be_o sure_a the_o donation_n of_o the_o same_o sort_n of_o penny_n by_o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n which_o be_v now_o to_o be_v find_v among_o the_o law_n of_o king_n william_n the_o first_o be_v say_v to_o be_v grant_v communi_fw-la confilio_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o that_o the_o saxon_a king_n can_v not_o bestow_v their_o land_n upon_o religious_a uses_n 340._o see_v sir_n h._n spelman_n council_n where_o baldred_n king_n of_o kent_n be_v a_o evident_a example_n who_o though_o he_o have_v give_v the_o manor_n of_o malling_n in_o sussex_n to_o christ-church_n in_o canterbury_n yet_o because_o his_o principes_fw-la and_o great_a man_n that_o be_v his_o great_a council_n consent_v not_o thereto_o it_o be_v revoke_v until_o king_n egbert_n and_o his_o son_n ethelwulf_n do_v afterward_o renew_v the_o say_a grant_n 340._o with_o the_o consent_n of_o a_o great_a council_n hold_v at_o kingston_n an._n 840._o as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o same_o volume_n last_o cite_v and_o i_o be_o sure_a after_o the_o heptarchy_n when_o our_o king_n be_v more_o powerful_a the_o same_o king_n ethelwulf_n can_v not_o by_o his_o mere_a prerogative_n grant_v the_o tithe_n of_o his_o subject_n estate_n to_o the_o clergy_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o a_o great_a council_n of_o his_o bishop_n and_o principal_a man_n hold_v at_o winchester_n an._n gratia_n 855._o and_o entitle_v thus_o celebris_fw-la ilâ—_n donatio_fw-la ethelwulfi_n regis_fw-la decimae_fw-la manfionis_fw-la &_o omnium_fw-la benorum_fw-la per_fw-la terram_fw-la svam_fw-la deo_fw-la &_o ecclesiae_fw-la factae_fw-la confirmaâ—â—â—_n 348._o m._n i_o grant_v that_o perhaps_o these_o king_n can_v not_o dispose_v of_o their_o own_o land_n or_o the_o estate_n of_o their_o subject_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o their_o great_a council_n any_o more_o than_o the_o king_n of_o france_n can_v former_o yet_o i_o hope_v they_o be_v absolute_a monarch_n for_o all_o that_o f._n i_o beg_v your_o pardon_n if_o i_o have_v be_v somewhat_o long_o in_o answer_v your_o example_n of_o king_n offa._n but_o i_o will_v now_o show_v you_o that_o they_o can_v no_o more_o make_v law_n than_o dispose_n of_o their_o own_o or_o their_o subject_n estate_n without_o their_o consent_n and_o which_o you_o yourself_o may_v easy_o have_v see_v if_o you_o have_v please_v to_o have_v consult_v sir_n henry_n spelman_n as_o diligent_o as_o you_o have_v do_v mr._n lambard_n for_o there_o you_o may_v have_v find_v that_o about_o the_o year_n 712._o 219._o king_n ina_n assemble_v a_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n wherein_o he_o make_v ecclesiastical_a law_n concern_v marriage_n etc._n etc._n and_o do_v other_o thing_n ad_fw-la concordiam_fw-la publicam_fw-la promovendam_fw-la peâ—_n commune_v consilium_fw-la &_o assensum_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la priâ—cipum_fw-la procerum_fw-la 54._o comitum_fw-la &_o omnium_fw-la sapientum_fw-la seâ—iorum_fw-la &_o popillorum_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la so_o likewise_o if_o you_o will_v please_v to_o look_v into_o the_o decem-scripâ—ores_a you_o will_v find_v how_o althesian_n
law_n be_v make_v by_o the_o title_n of_o they_o which_o run_v thus_o haec_fw-la sunt_fw-la judicia_fw-la quae_fw-la sapientes_fw-la exoniae_fw-la consilio_fw-la adelâ—â—â—i_n regis_fw-la instituerunt_fw-la &_o iterum_fw-la apud_fw-la feuresham_n &_o tertia_fw-la vice_fw-la apud_fw-la thundresfeldium_fw-la ubi_fw-la hoc_fw-la definitum_fw-la simul_fw-la &_o confirmatum_fw-la est_fw-la so_o also_o king_n ethelred_n hold_v at_o london_n 992._o a_o great_a council_n and_o make_v law_n consilio_fw-la jussuque_fw-la regis_fw-la anglorum_fw-la aethelredi_fw-la procerumque_fw-la suorum_fw-la de_fw-la tota_fw-la anglia_fw-it etc._n etc._n look_v also_o into_o the_o title_n of_o king_n ethelred_n law_n in_o bromptons_n chronicle_n where_o you_o will_v read_v these_o word_n hoc_fw-la est_fw-la concilium_fw-la quod_fw-la ethelredus_fw-la rex_fw-la &_o sapientes_fw-la svi_fw-la condixerunt_fw-la ad_fw-la emendationem_fw-la &_o augmentum_fw-la pacis_fw-la omni_fw-la populo_fw-la apud_fw-la wodestocam_fw-la in_o mircena_n landa_n 894._o id_fw-la est_fw-la in_o terra_fw-la mircenorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n where_o by_o concilium_fw-la must_v be_v understand_v law_n or_o decree_n to_o instance_n in_o one_o more_o out_o of_o the_o same_o author_n still_o from_o the_o title_n to_o another_o set_a of_o law_n make_v by_o the_o same_o king_n 895._o hae_fw-la sunt_fw-la leges_fw-la quas_fw-la ethelredus_fw-la rex_fw-la &_o sapientes_fw-la svi_fw-la constituerunt_fw-la apud_fw-la venetyngum_fw-la ad_fw-la emendationem_fw-la pacis_fw-la &_o felicitatis_fw-la incrementum_fw-la see_v likewise_o in_o monasticon_fw-la anglicanum_n the_o first_o volume_n anno_fw-la dom._n 1024._o where_o canuâ—us_o rex_fw-la angliae_fw-la cum_fw-la consilio_fw-la &_o decreto_fw-la archiepiscoporum_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la &_o primatum_fw-la suorum_fw-la expulit_fw-la clericos_fw-la inhonesâ—e_fw-la viventes_fw-la ab_fw-la ecclesia_fw-la sancti_fw-la edmundi_fw-la &_o monachos_fw-la in_o illâ_fw-la constituit_fw-la and_o the_o same_o king_n câ—â—te_n bestow_v divers_a land_n and_o other_o privilege_n on_o the_o monastery_n then_o call_v briadricesworth_n afterward_o st._n edmunds_n bury_v cum_fw-la consilio_fw-la &_o decreto_fw-la archiepiscoporum_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la abbatum_fw-la comitum_fw-la aliorumque_fw-la omnium_fw-la fidelium_fw-la the_o like_a we_o find_v in_o a_o charter_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n by_o which_o he_o grant_v divers_a land_n and_o privilege_n to_o the_o abbey_n of_o westminster_n cum_fw-la consilio_fw-la &_o decreto_fw-la archiepiscoporum_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la comitum_fw-la aliorumque_fw-la optimatum_fw-la from_o all_o which_o it_o manifest_o appear_v that_o under_o the_o english_a saxon_a king_n the_o legislative_a or_o enact_v power_n be_v in_o the_o council_n of_o the_o sapientes_fw-la or_o wites_z conjunct_o with_o the_o king_n and_o that_o none_o of_o these_o saxon_a king_n can_v pass_v any_o law_n or_o make_v any_o considerable_a 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the_o counsel_n and_o consent_n as_o well_o of_o the_o prelate_n as_o the_o temporal_a lord_n be_v account_v necessary_a in_o pass_v of_o all_o act_n of_o grace_n and_o favour_n to_o the_o people_n because_o that_o have_v many_o royalty_n and_o large_a immunity_n of_o their_o own_o a_o more_o near_a relation_n to_o the_o person_n and_o a_o great_a interest_n in_o the_o honour_n of_o their_o lord_n the_o king_n nothing_o shall_v pass_v unto_o the_o prejudice_n and_o diminution_n of_o their_o own_o estate_n or_o the_o disable_n of_o the_o king_n to_o support_v his_o sovereignty_n f._n i_o confess_v you_o have_v give_v a_o plausible_a account_n concern_v the_o government_n of_o william_n i._n who_o you_o call_v the_o conqueror_n whereas_o if_o it_o be_v more_o exact_o look_v into_o it_o will_v be_v find_v that_o he_o have_v no_o more_o power_n of_o make_v law_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o his_o great_a council_n than_o any_o of_o his_o predecessor_n neither_o have_v he_o any_o such_o 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what_o he_o be_v oblige_v in_o conscience_n and_o honour_n to_o perform_v and_o observe_v since_o he_o be_v admit_v to_o the_o crown_n by_o the_o general_n consent_v of_o the_o clergy_n nobility_n and_o people_n and_o at_o his_o coronation_n as_o well_o as_o afterward_o swear_v to_o observe_v the_o law_n of_o king_n edward_n and_o by_o the_o way_n though_o these_o law_n be_v call_v the_o law_n of_o king_n edward_n yet_o william_n of_o malmsbury_n long_o since_o observe_v that_o they_o be_v call_v his_o law_n non_fw-la quâ—â—ulit_fw-la sed_fw-la quas_fw-la observaverit_fw-la that_o be_v he_o have_v only_o collect_v they_o into_o one_o body_n and_o ratify_v they_o with_o the_o assent_n of_o his_o great_a council_n and_o that_o these_o law_n be_v more_o than_o once_o swear_v to_o and_o confirm_v by_o king_n william_n himself_o appear_v by_o the_o story_n of_o frederick_n abbot_n of_o st._n alban_n who_o fright_v he_o into_o a_o confirmation_n of_o they_o by_o oath_n for_o fear_v of_o a_o 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clergy_n and_o people_n or_o laity_n be_v the_o same_o person_n and_o only_o expressive_a of_o one_o another_o and_o all_o have_v vote_n in_o this_o election_n m._n i_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o interrupt_v you_o a_o little_a i_o will_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o the_o conqueror_n do_v often_o assemble_v great_a council_n of_o his_o bishop_n and_o great_a lord_n common_o call_v in_o historian_n principes_fw-la or_o primate_fw-la p._n yet_o i_o think_v i_o may_v bold_o affirm_v that_o there_o be_v no_o englishman_n in_o those_o council_n or_o that_o they_o make_v any_o law_n for_o the_o benefit_n of_o englishman_n who_o be_v keep_v under_o by_o those_o norman_n who_o then_o enjoy_v their_o estate_n much_o less_o be_v there_o any_o such_o thing_n as_o commons_o either_o by_o themselves_o or_o their_o representative_n in_o those_o assembly_n which_o then_o consist_v whole_o of_o the_o king_n be_v feudal_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o of_o no_o other_o as_o dr._n b._n have_v very_o plain_o show_v we_o and_o when_o king_n william_n make_v law_n it_o be_v much_o to_o be_v doubt_v whether_o he_o make_v they_o so_o much_o as_o with_o the_o consent_n of_o his_o great_a council_n or_o not_o for_o the_o title_n to_o the_o french_a and_o latin_a copy_n of_o his_o law_n run_v thus_o put_v into_o english_a 206._o these_o be_v the_o law_n and_o custom_n which_o william_n the_o king_n grant_v to_o all_o his_o people_n of_o england_n after_o the_o conquest_n or_o subdue_a of_o the_o land_n they_o be_v the_o same_o which_o edward_n the_o king_n his_o kinsman_n before_o he_o observe_v in_o this_o preface_n we_o have_v only_o to_o note_n that_o the_o law_n be_v express_o say_v to_o be_v the_o king_n grant_n and_o the_o supplemental_a law_n write_v in_o the_o red_a book_n of_o the_o exchequer_n be_v by_o way_n of_o charter_n or_o grant_v thus_o wilhelmus_fw-la rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n omnibus_fw-la hominibus_fw-la suis_fw-la francis_n &_o anglis_fw-la salutem_fw-la
and_o all_o along_o the_o authoritative_a part_n be_v express_v by_o statuimus_fw-la volumus_fw-la interdicimus_fw-la probibemus_fw-la praecipimus_fw-la so_o that_o by_o these_o expression_n in_o his_o law_n the_o absolute_a sovereignty_n of_o the_o conqueror_n in_o the_o point_n of_o law-giving_a be_v manifest_a i_o shall_v content_v myself_o with_o a_o very_a few_o authority_n because_o the_o matter_n be_v so_o plain_a ordoricus_n vitalis_n say_v thus_o eamque_fw-la i._n e._n england_n gulielmus_fw-la rex_fw-la suis_fw-la legibus_fw-la commodò_fw-la subegit_fw-la 853._o and_o eadmâ—r_o contemporary_a with_o the_o conqueror_n in_o his_o history_n thus_o 6._o usus_fw-la atque_fw-la leges_fw-la quas_fw-la patres_fw-la svi_fw-la &_o ipse_fw-la in_o normannia_n solebâ—nt_fw-la in_fw-it anglia_fw-it scribere_fw-la volens_fw-la cuncta_fw-la divina_fw-la simul_fw-la &_o humana_fw-la ejus_fw-la nutum_fw-la expectabant_fw-la from_o whence_o you_o may_v see_v that_o all_o matter_n as_o well_o spiritual_a as_o temporal_a depend_v upon_o his_o sole_a will_n and_o though_o we_o have_v no_o particular_a account_n of_o what_o law_n his_o son_n william_n rufus_n make_v yet_o we_o may_v presume_v according_a to_o the_o testimony_n of_o historian_n that_o he_o be_v altogether_o as_o absolute_a in_o those_o council_n he_o call_v as_o his_o father_n 1._o as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o eadmerus_n his_o account_n of_o his_o transaction_n with_o archbishop_n anselm_n so_o that_o it_o be_v certain_a he_o govern_v by_o his_o own_o absolute_a authority_n raise_v what_o money_n he_o please_v upon_o his_o subject_n it_o be_v true_a that_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o his_o successor_n henry_n the_o first_o the_o people_n find_v some_o little_a relaxation_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o charter_n he_o make_v they_o contain_v several_a mitigation_n of_o the_o severity_n of_o the_o feudal_n law_n as_o also_o those_o of_o forest_n yet_o even_o these_o be_v say_v to_o be_v make_v by_o his_o own_o single_a grant_n and_o authority_n though_o i_o confess_v it_o be_v grant_v in_o a_o great_a council_n so_o likewise_o in_o florence_n of_o worcester_n we_o find_v that_o in_o 28_o the_o of_o hen._n i._n that_o king_n confirm_v the_o act_n of_o a_o synod_n or_o council_n of_o the_o clergy_n of_o the_o province_n of_o canterbury_n 503._o and_o give_v his_o royal_a assent_n to_o they_o as_o for_o king_n stephen_n though_o he_o be_v a_o notorious_a usurper_n and_o set_v up_o 215._o and_o crown_v by_o a_o faction_n of_o bishop_n and_o some_o few_o temporal_a lord_n and_o that_o not_o long_o after_o his_o coronation_n he_o in_o a_o great_a council_n at_o oxford_n grant_v to_o all_o his_o subject_n another_o charter_n of_o divers_a privilege_n and_o freedom_n from_o the_o former_a exaction_n yet_o the_o word_n of_o the_o charter_n be_v in_o his_o own_o name_n and_o by_o his_o own_o authority_n sole_o as_o appear_v by_o these_o word_n observari_fw-la praecipio_fw-la &_o constituo_fw-la but_o richard_n prior_n of_o hexham_n alias_o hagulstad_v in_o his_o chronicle_n close_v his_o charter_n thus_o 1136._o haec_fw-la omne_fw-la concedo_fw-la &_o confirmo_fw-la salva_fw-la regius_fw-la &_o justa_fw-la dignitate_fw-la mea_fw-la from_o which_o word_n it_o be_v plain_a that_o he_o never_o mean_v to_o part_v with_o any_o of_o the_o just_a and_o necessary_a prerogative_n of_o his_o crown_n 54._o so_o likewise_o king_n henry_n the_o second_o in_o a_o great_a or_o general_a council_n hold_v at_o london_n confirm_v the_o great_a charter_n grant_v by_o king_n henry_n the_o first_o his_o grandfather_n but_o this_o charter_n also_o run_v whole_o in_o the_o king_n be_v own_o name_n without_o any_o mention_n of_o its_o be_v assent_v to_o either_o by_o the_o bishop_n or_o noble_n and_o as_o for_o the_o constitution_n make_v at_o the_o great_a council_n of_o clarendon_n though_o that_o king_n make_v the_o archbishop_n bishop_n with_o all_o the_o clergy_n as_o also_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o nobility_n all_o swear_v to_o observe_v they_o yet_o the_o enact_v part_n proceed_v only_o from_o the_o king_n as_o appear_v by_o their_o very_a title_n thus_o assissae_fw-la henrici_fw-la regis_fw-la factae_fw-la apud_fw-la clarendon_n etc._n etc._n and_o mat._n paris_n conclude_v these_o constitution_n with_o decrevit_fw-la enim_fw-la rex_fw-la from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o it_o be_v the_o king_n alone_o that_o decree_v and_o constitute_v those_o law_n i_o shall_v not_o say_v much_o of_o the_o great_a council_n in_o richard_n the_o first_o be_v time_n since_o he_o do_v not_o reign_v long_o enough_o to_o call_v many_o 419._o but_o in_o that_o hold_v at_o nottingham_n we_o find_v that_o the_o king_n diseize_v gerard_n de_fw-fr canville_n and_o other_o and_o that_o the_o king_n appoint_v to_o be_v give_v he_o two_o shilling_n on_o every_o carucate_n of_o land_n throughout_o england_n etc._n etc._n from_o whence_o i_o shall_v observe_v that_o the_o word_n rex_fw-la praecepit_fw-la constiâ—uit_fw-la etc._n etc._n as_o they_o be_v in_o this_o historian_n show_v that_o the_o king_n then_o have_v sole_o the_o authoritative_a power_n of_o pass_v all_o consultation_n of_o these_o council_n into_o bind_a law_n even_o where_o money_n be_v to_o be_v levy_v on_o the_o subject_n and_o that_o seizure_n be_v to_o be_v make_v of_o their_o estate_n but_o to_o come_v to_o the_o more_o troublesome_a and_o perplex_a reign_n of_o king_n john_n in_o which_o there_o be_v many_o great_a council_n hold_v yet_o i_o shall_v instance_n but_o in_o some_o few_o of_o they_o mention_v in_o mat._n paris_n 201._o as_o that_o of_o st._n alban_n hold_v by_o jeffery_n fitzpeter_n and_o the_o bishop_n of_o winchester_n in_o this_o king_n absence_n where_o ex_fw-la parte_fw-la regis_fw-la it_o be_v firm_o enjoin_v under_o penalty_n of_o life_n and_o limb_n that_o the_o law_n of_o king_n henry_n his_o grandfather_n shall_v be_v keep_v by_o all_o in_o his_o kingdom_n from_o whence_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o the_o law_n have_v their_o force_n only_o from_o the_o king_n authority_n as_o appear_v by_o this_o expression_n ex_fw-la parte_fw-la regis_fw-la firmiâ—er_fw-la est_fw-la praeceptum_fw-la and_o when_o afterward_o at_o runningmead_n he_o be_v compel_v to_o sign_v the_o first_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la i_o own_v it_o be_v do_v in_o a_o great_a council_n of_o bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n as_o well_o those_o who_o stand_v for_o he_o as_o against_o he_o yet_o that_o it_o proceed_v whole_o from_o his_o own_o good_a will_n be_v plain_a from_o the_o charta_fw-la de_fw-fr foresta_n of_o this_o king_n as_o appear_v by_o these_o word_n ad_fw-la emendationem_fw-la regui_fw-la nostri_fw-la spontanea_fw-la &_o bona_fw-la voluntate_fw-la nostra_fw-la dedianus_fw-la concessimus_fw-la pro_fw-la nobis_fw-la &_o haredibus_fw-la nostris_fw-la have_v libertates_fw-la subscriptas_fw-la from_o all_o which_o charter_n of_o liberty_n we_o may_v conclude_v 211._o that_o the_o petition_n of_o the_o people_n be_v draw_v into_o the_o form_n of_o a_o charter_n and_o pass_v under_o the_o king_n seal_n as_o his_o mere_a voluntary_a free_a grant_n and_o concession_n without_o their_o vote_n suffrage_n and_o authority_n and_o sometime_o such_o right_n or_o liberty_n have_v be_v bestow_v and_o declare_v by_o our_o king_n by_o way_n of_o answer_n to_o the_o petition_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o and_o that_o this_o custom_n be_v not_o yet_o discontinue_v appear_v by_o the_o answer_n of_o k._n charles_n the_o first_o to_o the_o petition_n of_o right_n when_o no_o other_o answer_n will_v please_v the_o commons_o but_o the_o king_n be_v express_v assent_n to_o their_o petition_n in_o these_o word_n sole_a droâ—â—t_a faict_n comme_fw-fr esâ—_n desire_v but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o f._n i_o beseech_v you_o sir_n give_v i_o leave_v now_o to_o answer_v what_o you_o have_v already_o allege_v out_o of_o our_o hiâ—â—oâ—iâ—ns_n for_o the_o supreme_a and_o absolute_a power_n of_o our_o king_n before_o we_o proceed_v further_o to_o less_o obscure_a time_n and_o therefore_o i_o must_v tell_v you_o that_o you_o have_v in_o this_o long_a speech_n of_o you_o make_v use_v of_o all_o the_o artifice_n of_o a_o advocate_n for_o a_o party_n viz._n in_o urge_v all_o that_o can_v any_o way_n make_v for_o you_o and_o sly_o pass_v over_o whatsoever_o may_v make_v against_o you_o and_o to_o begin_v with_o your_o story_n of_o king_n william_n the_o first_o i_o shall_v not_o now_o dispute_v whether_o there_o be_v any_o englishman_n in_o those_o great_a council_n or_o whether_o they_o consist_v only_o of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la since_o i_o shall_v defer_v that_o question_n till_o anon_o but_o as_o for_o the_o english_a you_o have_v put_v upon_o the_o french_a title_n of_o the_o law_n of_o this_o king_n it_o be_v not_o fair_o render_v for_o in_o the_o french_a it_o be_v apres_fw-fr le_fw-fr conquest_n dâ—_n la_fw-fr â—erre_fw-fr which_o do_v not_o always_o signify_v a_o subdue_a by_o force_n but_o by_o any_o other_o way_n of_o acquisition_n different_a
stand_v but_o every_o general_a rule_n may_v have_v some_o exception_n till_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n seven_o about_o which_o time_n that_o usual_a clause_n at_o the_o special_a instance_n or_o request_n of_o the_o commons_o begin_v by_o little_a and_o little_a to_o be_v laiâ—_n aside_o and_o that_o of_o their_o advice_n or_o assent_n to_o be_v insert_v in_o the_o place_n thereof_o for_o which_o i_o do_v refer_v you_o to_o the_o statute-book_n at_o large_a which_o form_n i_o confess_v continue_v to_o this_o day_n yet_o even_o in_o hen._n 7th_n time_n in_o the_o first_o of_o that_o king_n and_o the_o seven_o chap._n it_o run_v in_o this_o style_n the_o king_n our_o sovereign_a lord_n of_o his_o noble_a and_o abundant_a grace_n by_o the_o advice_n and_o assent_n of_o the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a at_o the_o supplication_n of_o the_o commons_o in_o the_o say_a parliament_n assemble_v and_o by_o authority_n of_o the_o same_o ordain_v and_o though_o the_o statute_n of_o hen._n 8_o do_v general_o agree_v in_o their_o style_n with_o those_o of_o his_o father_n yet_o in_o his_o time_n also_o many_o act_n be_v draw_v up_o in_o form_n of_o petition_n as_o 3_o hen._n 8_o c._n 14._o pray_fw-mi your_o highness_n the_o commons_o in_o this_o present_a parliament_n assemble_v and_o 5_o hen._n 8._o c._n 4._o pray_fw-mi the_o commons_o in_o this_o present_a parliament_n and_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o his_o son_n â—d_a 6_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o most_o of_o his_o act_n do_v run_v in_o the_o usual_a form_n yet_o this_o one_o be_v very_o remarkable_a i_o edw._n 6._o c._n 4._o wherefore_o the_o king_n our_o sovereign_a lord_n etc._n etc._n at_o the_o humble_a petition_n and_o suit_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o in_o this_o present_a parliament_n assemble_v do_v declare_v ordain_v and_o enact_v by_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a and_o the_o commons_o in_o this_o present_a parliament_n assemble_v and_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o same_o which_o last_o word_n 722._o though_o they_o may_v seem_v to_o refer_v to_o the_o parliament_n and_o may_v make_v man_n think_v that_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o do_v then_o pretend_v some_o title_n unto_o the_o power_n of_o make_v law_n yet_o neither_o advise_v nor_o assent_v be_v so_o opperative_a in_o the_o present_a case_n as_o to_o transfer_v the_o power_n of_o make_v law_n to_o such_o as_o do_v advise_v about_o they_o or_o assent_v unto_o they_o nor_o can_v the_o alteration_n of_o the_o form_n and_o style_n use_v in_o ancient_a time_n import_v a_o alteration_n of_o the_o form_n of_o government_n unless_o it_o can_v be_v show_v as_o i_o think_v it_o can_v that_o any_o of_o our_o king_n do_v renounce_v that_o power_n which_o proper_o and_o sole_o do_v belong_v unto_o they_o or_o do_v by_o any_o solemn_a act_n of_o communication_n confer_v the_o same_o upon_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o convene_v in_o parliament_n and_o therefore_o upon_o the_o 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placuit_fw-la frameas_fw-la concutiunt_fw-la honoratissimum_fw-la assensus_fw-la genus_fw-la est_fw-la armis_fw-la laudari_fw-la 634._o so_o that_o you_o may_v here_o see_v their_o king_n have_v no_o negative_a vote_n in_o their_o council_n whatever_o they_o may_v have_v afterward_o among_o the_o english_a saxon_n and_o that_o they_o do_v not_o so_o much_o as_o preside_v in_o they_o but_o the_o priest_n you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o same_o place_n silentium_fw-la per_fw-la sacerdotes_fw-la quibus_fw-la tum_fw-la coercendi_fw-la jus_o est_fw-la imperatum_fw-la and_o therefore_o it_o be_v altogether_o unlikely_a that_o they_o shall_v have_v have_v that_o absolute_a power_n you_o fancy_n over_o the_o life_n and_o fortune_n of_o the_o people_n since_o you_o plain_o see_v that_o they_o can_v neither_o make_v peace_n nor_o war_n accuse_v or_o condemn_v any_o man_n nor_o raise_v tax_n without_o the_o approbation_n or_o consent_n of_o those_o council_n now_o since_o all_o the_o english_a 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latin_a câ—mitâ—e_n whereby_o you_o may_v see_v that_o this_o author_n and_o bracton_n who_o be_v contemporary_n be_v of_o the_o same_o opinion_n in_o this_o important_a point_n and_o i_o can_v imagine_v how_o any_o prince_n who_o have_v power_n sufficient_a in_o his_o hand_n to_o do_v what_o he_o please_v as_o you_o suppose_v our_o english_a saxon_n monarch_n to_o have_v have_v at_o the_o first_o will_v ever_o if_o they_o can_v have_v help_v it_o have_v institute_v a_o court_n one_o of_o who_o chief_a business_n it_o be_v to_o examine_v and_o redress_v the_o wrong_n and_o oppression_n of_o themselves_o their_o wife_n and_o child_n but_o beside_o all_o this_o what_o you_o say_v may_v be_v somewhat_o likely_a that_o our_o parliament_n or_o great_a council_n do_v owe_v their_o original_a only_a to_o the_o king_n good_a will_n and_o pleasure_n do_v we_o not_o find_v the_o like_a
constitution_n to_o have_v be_v in_o all_o the_o neighbour_a kingdom_n in_o europe_n which_o have_v be_v raise_v according_a to_o the_o gothic_a model_n of_o government_n upon_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n now_o let_v we_o look_v into_o scotland_n and_o there_o we_o shall_v find_v this_o institution_n as_o ancient_n as_o any_o history_n or_o record_n they_o have_v if_o we_o pass_v into_o france_n we_o shall_v find_v their_o assembly_n of_o estate_n or_o great_a council_n to_o have_v be_v as_o ancient_a as_o their_o first_o king_n gallia_n and_o to_o have_v have_v as_o much_o power_n as_o any_o where_o else_o in_o europe_n since_o they_o not_o only_o frequent_o elect_v but_o also_o depose_v their_o king_n of_o the_o first_o race_n and_o dispose_v of_o the_o succession_n of_o the_o crown_n as_o they_o think_v fit_a if_o we_o look_v into_o spain_n we_o shall_v find_v in_o the_o two_o great_a and_o most_o considerable_a kingdom_n viz._n castille_n and_o arragon_n the_o like_a assembly_n the_o power_n of_o which_o be_v so_o great_a in_o the_o latter_a that_o they_o can_v even_o depose_v the_o king_n himself_o if_o he_o tyrannize_v over_o or_o oppress_v it_o they_o if_o we_o go_v more_o northward_o we_o shall_v find_v in_o the_o ancient_a kingdom_n of_o denmark_n and_o sweden_n and_o norway_n that_o their_o assembly_n of_o estate_n or_o diet_n elect_v their_o king_n and_o can_v likewise_o depose_v they_o till_o those_o kingdom_n become_v hereditary_a which_o be_v but_o of_o modern_a time_n i_o shall_v omit_v poland_n because_o perhaps_o you_o may_v dispute_v whether_o it_o be_v a_o kingdom_n or_o a_o commonwealth_n but_o if_o we_o pass_v into_o hungary_n which_o be_v institute_v by_o the_o huns_n a_o nation_n of_o gothic_n original_a we_o shall_v find_v not_o only_o the_o like_a assembly_n of_o estate_n as_o in_o the_o other_o kingdom_n but_o also_o that_o they_o have_v a_o magistrate_n call_v the_o palatine_a who_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o conservator_n of_o the_o people_n liberty_n and_o who_o can_v resist_v even_o the_o king_n himself_o if_o he_o invade_v they_o and_o which_o be_v also_o very_o remarkable_a in_o all_o these_o kingdom_n except_o denmark_n the_o representative_n of_o the_o city_n or_o principal_a town_n which_o constitute_v the_o three_o estate_n or_o commons_o in_o those_o kingdom_n have_v always_o a_o place_n in_o those_o great_a council_n so_o that_o to_o conclude_v it_o be_v almost_o impossible_a to_o conceive_v how_o these_o kingdom_n i_o have_v now_o mention_v can_v all_o agree_v to_o fall_v into_o the_o same_o sort_n of_o government_n about_o the_o same_o time_n unless_o it_o have_v proceed_v from_o the_o particular_a temper_n and_o genius_n of_o the_o german_a and_o gothick_n nation_n from_o which_o they_o be_v derive_v or_o who_o can_v believe_v that_o all_o these_o nation_n and_o their_o king_n find_v the_o like_a convenience_n from_o these_o great_a council_n and_o inconvenience_n by_o the_o want_n of_o they_o shall_v all_o conspire_v to_o set_v they_o up_o in_o each_o of_o these_o particular_a kingdom_n m._n i_o will_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o the_o institution_n of_o great_a council_n or_o assembly_n of_o the_o estate_n may_v be_v as_o ancient_a as_o the_o government_n itself_o in_o several_a of_o those_o kingdom_n you_o mention_v which_o be_v at_o first_o elective_a but_o what_o be_v that_o to_o england_n where_o our_o monarchy_n have_v be_v by_o succession_n from_o the_o first_o institution_n of_o it_o and_o not_o elective_a as_o you_o suppose_v nor_o do_v i_o much_o value_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o mirror_n as_o to_o the_o great_a antiquity_n he_o ascribe_v to_o this_o assembly_n of_o count_n or_o comites_fw-la as_o bracton_n call_v they_o and_o in_o which_o by_o the_o way_n no_o commons_o be_v mention_v and_o though_o i_o grant_v the_o judicial_a power_n of_o the_o house_n of_o peer_n be_v very_o ancient_a yet_o that_o it_o whole_o proceed_v at_o first_o from_o the_o indulgence_n of_o our_o king_n 34._o appear_v from_o hence_o that_o there_o be_v always_o a_o necessity_n of_o the_o king_n presence_n in_o parliament_n which_o be_v very_o well_o prove_v by_o sir_n robert_n cotton_n in_o a_o learned_a treatise_n write_v on_o that_o subject_a wherein_o he_o prove_v that_o in_o all_o consultation_n of_o state_n and_o decision_n of_o private_a plaint_n it_o be_v clear_a from_o all_o time_n the_o king_n be_v not_o only_o present_a to_o advise_v but_o also_o to_o determine_v and_o whensoever_o the_o king_n be_v present_a all_o power_n of_o judge_v which_o be_v derive_v from_o he_o cease_v the_o vote_n of_o the_o lord_n may_v serve_v for_o matter_n of_o advice_n the_o final_a judgement_n be_v only_o the_o king_n but_o indeed_o of_o late_a year_n queen_n mary_n and_o queen_n elizabeth_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o sex_n be_v not_o so_o fit_a for_o public_a assembly_n have_v bring_v it_o out_o of_o use_n by_o which_o mean_v it_o be_v come_v to_o pass_v that_o 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cause_n say_v bracton_n so_o that_o nothing_o seem_v plain_a to_o i_o than_o that_o the_o jurisdiction_n which_o the_o house_n of_o peer_n have_v hitherto_o exercise_v for_o the_o hear_v and_o determine_v all_o cause_n as_o well_o civil_a as_o criminal_a by_o way_n of_o appeal_n not_o only_o between_o subject_n but_o also_o in_o all_o accusation_n against_o the_o lord_n themselves_o proceed_v whole_o from_o the_o king_n which_o may_v appear_v by_o a_o ancient_a precedent_n 937._o mention_v by_o abbot_n brampton_n in_o his_o history_n it_o be_v the_o case_n between_o king_n edw._n the_o confessor_n and_o godwin_n earl_n of_o kent_n who_o the_o king_n accuse_v for_o the_o death_n of_o his_o brother_n prince_n alfred_n before_o the_o house_n of_o peer_n and_o there_o you_o will_v find_v that_o after_o the_o earl_n have_v put_v himself_o upon_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o king_n court_n the_o king_n thereupon_o say_v you_o noble_a lord_n earl_n and_o baron_n i._n e._n thanes_z of_o the_o land_n who_o be_v my_o liege-man_n now_o gather_v here_o together_o and_o have_v hear_v my_o appeal_n and_o godwin_n answer_n i_o will_v that_o in_o this_o appeal_n between_o we_o you_o decree_v right_a judgement_n and_o do_v true_a justice_n and_o upon_o their_o judgement_n that_o the_o earl_n shall_v make_v the_o king_n sufficient_a satisfaction_n in_o gold_n and_o silver_n for_o the_o death_n of_o his_o brother_n the_o king_n be_v thereof_o inform_v and_o not_o willing_a to_o contradict_v it_o the_o historian_n there_o say_v he_o ratify_v all_o they_o have_v judge_v i_o can_v give_v you_o many_o other_o precedent_n of_o latter_a date_n be_v it_o not_o too_o tedious_a but_o this_o be_v sufficient_a to_o show_v that_o what_o the_o pâ—ers_v act_v in_o this_o matter_n be_v by_o the_o king_n be_v sole_a will_n and_o permission_n i_o shall_v only_o conclude_v with_o one_o precedent_n more_o in_o case_n of_o some_o what_o alike_o nature_n it_o be_v that_o of_o hen._n spencer_n bishop_n of_o norwich_n 7_o rich._n 2d_o who_o be_v accuse_v foâ—_n join_v with_o the_o french_a the_o bishop_n complain_v what_o be_v do_v against_o he_o do_v not_o pass_v by_o the_o assent_n and_o knowledge_n of_o the_o peer_n whereupon_o it_o be_v say_v in_o parliament_n that_o the_o cognisance_n and_o punishment_n of_o his_o offence_n do_v of_o câ—mmon_a right_n and_o ancient_a custom_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n sole_o and_o whole_o belong_v to_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n and_o no_o other_o from_o all_o which_o i_o infer_v that_o the_o judicial_a power_n exercise_v by_o the_o house_n of_o peer_n be_v mere_o derivative_a from_o and_o subservient_fw-fr to_o the_o supreme_a power_n resiâ—â—ing_v in_o the_o king_n from_o whence_o it_o also_o follow_v that_o if_o the_o peer_n have_v no_o power_n nor_o honour_n but_o what_o proceed_v from_o the_o prince_n and_o that_o the_o commons_o
believe_v that_o the_o ancient_n and_o potent_a city_n of_o london_n tâ—â—_n câ—nterbury_n lincoln_n etc._n etc._n shall_v ever_o be_v exclude_v from_o have_v any_o hand_n in_o the_o great_a consultation_n of_o give_v money_n and_o make_v law_n and_o for_o the_o public_a defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n any_o more_o than_o they_o be_v now_o and_o therefore_o we_o find_v that_o in_o all_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o german_a or_o gothick_n original_a the_o chief_a city_n and_o town_n have_v still_o send_v deputy_n to_o the_o diet_n or_o assembly_n of_o estate_n as_o i_o say_v but_o now_o in_o the_o next_o place_n though_o i_o do_v not_o positive_o assert_v that_o there_o be_v knight_n of_o shire_n before_o the_o conquest_n yet_o be_o i_o not_o convince_v that_o there_o be_v none_o for_o though_o i_o confess_v the_o treatise_n you_o mention_v appear_v to_o have_v be_v write_v since_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n yet_o may_v the_o substance_n of_o it_o 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or_o chief_a thanes_z that_o be_v of_o the_o great_a nobility_n yet_o they_o be_v great_a freeholder_n and_o though_o commoner_n yet_o gentleman_n and_o of_o the_o lesser_a nobility_n in_o the_o same_o sense_n as_o gentleman_n or_o knight_n of_o shire_n be_v now_o and_o the_o not_o elect_v by_o the_o country_n yet_o may_v be_v as_o well_o esteem_v their_o representative_n as_o they_o be_v now_o of_o freeholder_n under_o 40_o s._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la lease-holders_n and_o copy-holders_n for_o year_n who_o have_v no_o vote_n at_o the_o election_n of_o parliament_n man_n whereas_o these_o thanes_z be_v then_o the_o chief_a if_o not_o the_o only_a possessor_n of_o all_o the_o freehold_a estate_n in_o the_o kingdom_n nor_o be_v it_o any_o material_a objection_n to_o say_v that_o these_o thanes_z might_n at_o first_o owe_v those_o estate_n to_o the_o grant_v of_o the_o first_o saxon_a king_n and_o may_v also_o after_o a_o sort_n hold_v their_o estate_n of_o they_o as_o head_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n by_o such_o service_n as_o be_v settle_v by_o public_a law_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o they_o owe_v their_o very_a right_n of_o come_v to_o the_o great_a council_n whole_o to_o the_o king_n favour_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n it_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v that_o though_o the_o first_o saxon_a king_n conquer_v this_o island_n from_o the_o britain_n yet_o those_o that_o assist_v they_o be_v only_a volunteer_n the_o chief_a officer_n or_o commander_n of_o they_o may_v not_o only_o deserve_v but_o also_o capitulate_v for_o their_o share_n in_o the_o land_n so_o conquer_v and_o these_o be_v give_v out_o by_o the_o king_n according_a to_o each_o man_n quality_n condition_n or_o desert_n may_v constitute_v those_o who_o be_v call_v the_o king_n thanes_z as_o those_o who_o hold_v likewise_o under_o they_o be_v the_o middle_a thanes_z or_o vavassor_n suppose_v till_o you_o can_v prove_v the_o contrary_a that_o these_o have_v place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o and_o you_o may_v as_o well_o argue_v that_o they_o can_v have_v no_o place_n there_o but_o by_o the_o favour_n of_o their_o lord_n whereas_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v that_o a_o estate_n of_o five_o hide_n in_o land_n of_o whosoever_o hold_v make_v a_o thane_n or_o nobleman_n of_o the_o inferior_a rank_n and_o we_o find_v by_o the_o same_o law_n of_o king_n athelstan_n his_o weregild_n or_o price_n of_o his_o head_n be_v value_v but_o equal_a with_o that_o of_o a_o mass_n thanes_z or_o priest_n viz._n at_o 2000_o thrymsas_n so_o that_o a_o sufficient_a estate_n in_o land_n do_v not_o only_o make_v a_o man_n a_o gentleman_n but_o also_o give_v he_o a_o place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n and_o there_o be_v beside_o all_o these_o several_a alodoril_n who_o hold_v their_o land_n discharge_v from_o all_o service_n and_o can_v sell_v or_o dispose_v of_o they_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o king_n or_o any_o other_o inferior_a lord_n and_o be_v those_o mention_v in_o doomsday_n book_n qui_fw-la potuit_fw-la ire_n cum_fw-la terra_fw-la que_fw-la â—â—but_fw-la nor_o be_v your_o argument_n conclusive_a that_o because_o in_o those_o time_n as_o well_o as_o now_o all_o land_n be_v hold_v either_o mediate_o or_o immediate_o of_o the_o king_n and_o be_v chargeable_a with_o those_o three_o general_a service_n you_o mention_v for_o the_o public_a safety_n and_o good_a of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o therefore_o not_o only_o all_o man_n civil_a property_n but_o also_o their_o right_n of_o come_v to_o the_o great_a council_n must_v whole_o depend_v upon_o the_o king_n will_n since_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v that_o the_o first_o saxon_n king_n by_o their_o conquest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n can_v not_o acquire_v the_o sole_a property_n of_o all_o the_o land_n thereof_o to_o themselves_o though_o they_o may_v be_v make_v use_n of_o as_o public_a trustee_n to_o distribute_v they_o according_a to_o those_o man_n quality_n and_o desert_n who_o have_v help_v they_o in_o the_o conquest_n so_o that_o when_o they_o be_v once_o possess_v of_o such_o estate_n they_o have_v immediate_o thereupon_o a_o right_a to_o a_o place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n the_o burden_n of_o the_o government_n lie_v chief_o on_o such_o as_o have_v estate_n in_o land_n and_o that_o many_o other_o beside_o the_o king_n thanes_z or_o great_a lord_n have_v place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n of_o those_o time_n appear_v as_o well_o by_o the_o name_n of_o mycel_n synod_n â—â—_o wittenagemots_a which_o be_v render_v by_o our_o ancient_a glossarist_n numerosa_fw-la or_o popuâ—â—sa_fw-la conventio_fw-la as_o also_o the_o title_n and_o conclusion_n to_o divers_a of_o the_o title_n of_o those_o great_a council_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n where_o be_v often_o mention_v after_o the_o comites_fw-la &_o proceres_fw-la terrae_fw-la aliorum_fw-la fidelium_fw-la infinita_fw-la multitudo_fw-la which_o must_v certain_o take_v in_o many_o more_o than_o the_o king_n thanes_z judges_z or_o other_o of_o his_o great_a man_n who_o be_v then_o but_o a_o few_o in_o comparison_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o freeholder_n of_o england_n m._n i_o will_v not_o long_o dispute_v the_o probability_n of_o what_o you_o say_v all_o the_o difficulty_n lie_v in_o the_o proof_n of_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n i_o deny_v that_o any_o other_o of_o a_o less_o degree_n than_o the_o king_n thanes_z of_o chief_a tenant_n have_v any_o place_n or_o voice_n in_o the_o old_a english_a council_n nor_o can_v you_o find_v as_o you_o yourself_o be_v force_v to_o confess_v in_o our_o saxon_a law_n or_o ancient_a historian_n of_o those_o time_n any_o representative_n of_o the_o common_a people_n mention_v such_o as_o be_v now_o much_o less_o citizen_n or_o burgess_n for_o any_o city_n or_o burrow_n in_o england_n and_o therefore_o what_o you_o say_v concern_v the_o riches_n or_o power_n of_o the_o city_n and_o town_n 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far_o confirm_v by_o several_a undeniable_a authority_n wherein_o by_o the_o communitas_fw-la populi_n must_v be_v understand_v not_o the_o community_n of_o the_o people_n or_o commons_o but_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o less_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o to_o give_v you_o a_o answer_n why_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la can_v not_o comprehend_v all_o sort_n of_o people_n among_o the_o saxon_n as_o it_o do_v among_o the_o roman_n but_o only_o the_o nobility_n who_o be_v then_o properly_z speaking_z the_o only_a freeman_n be_v this_o that_o none_o but_o the_o nobility_n possess_v any_o land_n in_o fee-simple_n all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o mean_a sort_n of_o people_n then_o call_v cheorl_n folk_n hold_v they_o in_o villanage_n under_o their_o lord_n or_o thanes_z be_v no_o better_a than_o mere_a villain_n or_o costager_n and_o who_o be_v all_o bind_v to_o the_o good_a behaviour_n every_o ten_o family_n be_v bind_v one_o for_o another_o in_o the_o sheriff_n tear_v or_o court_n of_o 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king_n edgar_n to_o the_o abbey_n of_o westminster_n contain_v a_o confirmation_n of_o their_o ancient_a charter_n and_o privilege_n collect_v 〈◊〉_d the_o aforesaid_a sulcardus_n 7._o a_o monk_n of_o westminster_n as_o it_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o cottonian_a library_n the_o charter_n itself_o be_v long_o but_o conclude_v thus_o in_o concilio_n habito_fw-la infra_fw-la basilicam_fw-la westmonast_n praesidente_fw-la 〈◊〉_d filio_fw-la svo_fw-la edwardo_n &_o archiepo_n dunstano_n &_o universis_fw-la episcopâ—â—_n &_o baronibus_fw-la suis_fw-la where_o you_o may_v see_v that_o the_o word_n be_v not_o unknown_a before_o the_o time_n of_o william_n i._o and_o i_o can_v give_v you_o more_o instance_n of_o other_o king_n charter_n where_o the_o same_o word_n be_v use_v before_o the_o conquest_n be_v it_o worth_a the_o while_n to_o trouble_v you_o with_o they_o and_o so_o likewise_o populus_fw-la for_o people_n or_o folk_n in_o the_o saxon_a yet_o take_v it_o as_o you_o suppose_v to_o 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archiepiscoporum_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la comitum_fw-la baronum_fw-la cleri_fw-la &_o pâ—puli_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la where_o by_o clerus_fw-la it_o be_v plain_a must_v be_v mean_v the_o inferior_a clergy_n represent_v by_o their_o proxy_n in_o this_o great_a synod_n or_o parliament_n and_o by_o populus_fw-la be_v understand_v the_o people_n or_o commons_o likewise_o present_a by_o their_o representative_n or_o else_o the_o word_n clerus_fw-la and_o populus_fw-la have_v be_v idle_a tantology_n in_o this_o record_n and_o in_o the_o like_a sense_n it_o be_v also_o use_v by_o matt._n paris_n 223._o in_o the_o 9th_o of_o hen_n iii_o presentibus_fw-la clero_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la cum_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la regionis_fw-la where_o this_o author_n make_v a_o plain_a distinction_n between_o the_o magnate_v and_o the_o populus_fw-la which_o have_v be_v altogether_o in_o vain_a if_o the_o word_n magnates_n will_v have_v comprehend_v all_o your_o great_a or_o less_o baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o i_o shall_v in_o the_o next_o place_n proceed_v to_o that_o great_a synod_n or_o council_n that_o be_v call_v by_o king_n edward_n the_o elder_a anno_fw-la dom._n 905._o and_o be_v mention_v by_o simeon_n of_o durham_n and_o other_o author_n quote_v by_o archbishop_n parker_n the_o compiler_n of_o the_o british_a antiquity_n in_o these_o word_n plegmundus_n cantuariensis_n archiepiscopus_fw-la â—â—â—_o cum_fw-la rege_fw-la magnifico_n cognominato_fw-la edwardo_n seniore_fw-la consilium_fw-la magnum_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la abbatum_fw-la fidelium_fw-la procerum_fw-la &_o populorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n convocavit_fw-la which_o synod_n or_o council_n be_v call_v to_o divide_v the_o large_a diocese_n of_o winchester_n and_o sherbarn_n into_o five_o other_o as_o i_o have_v already_o tell_v you_o where_o you_o may_v plain_o see_v the_o word_n fidelium_fw-la &_o populorum_fw-la put_v distinct_a from_o the_o word_n proceres_fw-la if_o we_o take_v that_o word_n to_o 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parliament_n as_o well_o as_o the_o former_a m._n i_o shall_v not_o at_o present_a
call_v catalogus_fw-la gloriae_fw-la mundi_fw-la write_v on_o this_o subject_n where_o in_o his_o 8_o the_o part_n consid_n 18._o he_o have_v this_o among_o other_o comment_n on_o the_o word_n nobilitas_fw-la nobilitas_fw-la etiam_fw-la causatur_fw-la ex_fw-la loco_fw-la quoniam_fw-la civis_fw-la ex_fw-la urbe_fw-la splendida_fw-la oriundus_fw-la nobilis_fw-la est_fw-la for_o which_o he_o there_o give_v many_o authority_n and_o this_o title_n he_o look_v upon_o as_o due_a also_o to_o country_n gentleman_n live_v upon_o the_o husbandry_n of_o their_o own_o estate_n or_o annual_a rent_n and_o that_o by_o the_o word_n magnate_v be_v often_o understand_v the_o knight_n of_o shire_n common_o call_v in_o old_a french_a grantz_n des_fw-fr countees_n i_o can_v give_v you_o sufficient_a authority_n now_o this_o word_n magnates_n be_v always_o render_v in_o our_o old_a french_a by_o grantz_n 95._o for_o the_o proof_n of_o this_o i_o desire_v you_o in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o take_v notice_n that_o rot._n claus._n 3_o e._n 2._o in_o 16._o dorso_fw-la you_o will_v find_v this_o title_n inhibitio_fw-la ne_fw-la qui_fw-la magnates_fw-la viz._n come_v baro_n miles_n 〈◊〉_d abqua_fw-la alia_fw-la notabilis_fw-la persona_fw-la transeat_fw-la ad_fw-la part_n transmarinas_fw-la where_o you_o see_v the_o word_n magnates_n be_v apply_v to_o knight_n at_o least_o as_o well_o as_o earl_n and_o baron_n and_o among_o the_o common_a writ_n of_o michaelmas_n term_n anno_fw-la 34_o edw._n i._o in_o the_o keep_n of_o the_o remembrancer_n of_o the_o treasury_n of_o the_o exchequer_n the_o knight_n of_o shire_n and_o baron_n of_o cinque-port_n be_v call_v magnate_v so_o also_o in_o the_o statute_n 25_o e._n 3._o de_fw-la servientibus_fw-la it_o be_v there_o enact_v per_fw-la assent_n de_fw-fr les_fw-fr ditz_fw-fr prelatz_n countess_n 〈◊〉_d &_o autres_fw-fr grandes_fw-fr de_fw-fr la_fw-fr dite_fw-fr communalte_n illonques_fw-la assemblez_fw-fr also_o in_o the_o statute-book_n print_v in_o 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the_o of_o hen._n 3._o a_o act_n of_o common_a council_n be_v make_v per_fw-la omnes_fw-la aldermanâ—aes_fw-la &_o magnates_fw-la civitatis_fw-la per_fw-la assensum_fw-la universorum_a civium_fw-la quod_fw-la nullo_n tempore_fw-la â—ermitterent_fw-la aliquem_fw-la vicecomitem_fw-la admitti_fw-la in_o vicecomitem_fw-la per_fw-la duos_fw-la annos_fw-la continuos_fw-la sicut_fw-la 〈◊〉_d extiterant_fw-la so_o likewise_o in_o the_o same_o book_n anno_fw-la dom._n 1244._o 29._o h._n 3._o mention_n be_v there_o make_v of_o a_o dissension_n that_o then_o arise_v about_o the_o choice_n of_o a_o sheriff_n and_o the_o book_n say_v that_o quidam_fw-la de_fw-la vulgo_fw-la elegerunt_fw-la nichol._n bat._n per_fw-la assensum_fw-la majoris_fw-la &_o magnates_fw-la elegerunt_fw-la adam_n de_fw-fr â—ently_fw-mi i_o can_v give_v you_o more_o of_o a_o like_a nature_n but_o i_o will_v not_o tire_v you_o but_o no_o doubt_n but_o the_o eminent_a citizen_n of_o york_n and_o other_o city_n be_v call_v 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even_o when_o the_o record_n themselves_o express_o prove_v they_o be_v there_o m._n i_o must_v confess_v you_o have_v make_v i_o think_v more_o on_o this_o subject_a than_o perhaps_o otherwise_o i_o shall_v have_v do_v yet_o i_o must_v observe_v that_o most_o of_o the_o quotation_n you_o have_v make_v use_n of_o concern_v the_o meaning_n of_o the_o word_n proceres_fw-la magnates_fw-la and_o nobiles_fw-la etc._n etc._n be_v from_o author_n who_o write_v after_o the_o time_n that_o i_o 〈◊〉_d the_o commons_o as_o now_o represent_v to_o have_v be_v constant_o summon_v to_o parliament_n so_o that_o they_o may_v very_o well_o through_o haste_n or_o inadvertency_n confound_v they_o with_o the_o earl_n and_o lord_n and_o so_o style_v they_o by_o the_o same_o title_n for_o i_o will_v prove_v to_o you_o before_o the_o conclusion_n of_o this_o discourse_n by_o undeniable_a record_n that_o by_o the_o word_n magnate_v and_o proceres_fw-la be_v understand_v the_o bishop_n earls_z and_o baron_n as_o distinguish_v from_o the_o commons_o but_o i_o think_v i_o can_v sufficient_o prove_v from_o mat._n paris_n and_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o our_o first_o norman_n king_n as_o also_o from_o the_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la of_o king_n john_n that_o by_o the_o word_n bartneâ—_n iâ—_n mean_v the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v there_o only_o mention_v to_o haâ—_n constant_o appear_v in_o parliament_n till_o the_o 18_o the_o e._n 1._o the_o great_a and_o less_o â—â—â—ons_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la together_o with_o those_o of_o high_a degree_n viz._n the_o earl_n bishop_n and_o abbot_n be_v the_o only_a person_n who_o represent_v the_o whoâ—e_a body_n of_o the_o nation_n in_o our_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n and_o i_o take_v this_o to_o be_v 〈◊〉_d evident_a and_o clear_a that_o i_o can_v quit_v this_o opinion_n without_o you_o can_v show_v 〈◊〉_d better_a reason_n to_o the_o contrary_a than_o hitherto_o you_o have_v do_v f._n i_o see_v nothing_o will_v satisfy_v those_o who_o have_v once_o receive_v a_o prejudice_n 〈◊〉_d otherwise_o i_o think_v it_o may_v be_v prove_v sufficient_o from_o that_o clause_n in_o magna_n chartâ—_n i_o have_v mention_v that_o other_o person_n be_v there_o before_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o henry_n 〈◊〉_d beside_o your_o great_a baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o as_o for_o the_o use_n of_o 〈◊〉_d word_n you_o mention_v in_o historian_n after_o the_o reign_n of_o hen._n iii_o nothing_o can_v be_v a_o plain_a proof_n for_o i_o for_o if_o those_o historian_n do_v comprehend_v the_o common_a under_o those_o general_a word_n or_o phrase_n we_o have_v be_v now_o dispute_v about_o i_o deâ—sire_v to_o know_v why_o they_o may_v not_o have_v be_v likewise_o comprehend_v under_o thâ—_n same_o term_n by_o mat._n paris_n and_o those_o other_o historian_n who_o write_v other_o historieâ—_n from_o the_o norman_a conquest_n to_o his_o time_n and_o why_o thy_o might_n not_o have_v then_o conâ—founded_v the_o commons_o with_o the_o lord_n as_o well_o as_o they_o do_v afterward_o but_o since_o i_o see_v you_o insist_v so_o much_o upon_o your_o barones_n and_o tenentes_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la who_o you_o wiâ—_n have_v alone_o to_o constitute_v the_o baronagium_n or_o the_o communitas_fw-la or_o universitas_fw-la barâ—â—gii_fw-la angliae_fw-la pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o ask_v you_o a_o plain_a question_n be_v your_o lessâ—_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o barones_n minores_fw-la lord_n or_o peer_n of_o parliament_n or_o be_v they_o commoner_n only_o m._n to_o give_v you_o mr._n selden_n opinion_n in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n cap._n 5._o 708._o he_o suppose_v that_o from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o conquest_n to_o about_o the_o middle_n of_o king_n john_n every_o tenant_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o tenure_n of_o land_n he_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la be_v indifferent_o a_o honorary_a or_o parliamentary_a baron_n but_o that_o about_o the_o end_n of_o king_n john_n time_n some_o only_a that_o be_v most_o eminent_a of_o those_o tenant_n sometime_o style_v barones_n majores_fw-la regni_fw-la be_v summon_v by_o several_a writ_n direct_v to_o they_o as_o
errant_a slave_n and_o vassal_n notwithstanding_o their_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o the_o mean_a person_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o be_v tax_v as_o you_o will_v have_v it_o at_o the_o will_n of_o his_o superior_a lord_n which_o whether_o so_o great_a and_o powerful_a a_o body_n of_o man_n will_v ever_o have_v suffer_v i_o leave_v to_o any_o indifferent_a person_n to_o judge_v m._n i_o grant_v this_o may_v now_o appear_v somewhat_o hard_o yet_o since_o it_o be_v the_o receive_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n it_o be_v not_o then_o look_v upon_o as_o a_o grievance_n and_o it_o be_v then_o no_o more_o unjust_a than_o it_o be_v now_o that_o person_n under_o forty_o shilling_n a_o year_n though_o of_o never_o so_o good_a estate_n in_o money_n or_o stock_n or_o that_o tenant_n for_o year_n or_o for_o the_o life_n of_o another_o shall_v at_o this_o day_n have_v no_o vote_n at_o the_o election_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n and_o consequent_o be_v without_o any_o representative_n in_o parliament_n of_o their_o own_o choice_n and_o yet_o be_v subject_a to_o all_o law_n and_o tax_n though_o never_o so_o great_a when_o make_v and_o impose_v by_o the_o king_n in_o parliament_n and_o i_o be_o able_a to_o give_v you_o divers_a good_a authority_n to_o prove_v that_o even_o london_n itself_o and_o all_o other_o city_n and_o town_n which_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o be_v call_v his_o demesne_n be_v often_o tax_v by_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n out_o of_o parliament_n before_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la and_o i_o think_v dr._n b._n have_v prove_v this_o beyond_o exception_n in_o his_o animadversion_n upon_o mr._n a_n jani_fw-la anglorum_fw-la facies_fw-la noâ—e_fw-la and_o he_o there_o give_v we_o the_o record_n itself_o of_o 39_o hen._n iii_o now_o in_o the_o keep_n of_o the_o king_n remembrancer_n of_o the_o exchequer_n that_o the_o king_n do_v that_o year_n as_o he_o have_v divers_a time_n before_o talliate_v or_o tax_v all_o his_o demesne_n land_n in_o england_n and_o then_o likewise_o demand_v of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n the_o sum_n of_o 3000_o mark_n in_o name_n of_o the_o talliage_n or_o tax_n so_o lay_v and_o the_o mayor_n and_o citizen_n at_o last_o yield_v after_o a_o great_a contest_v it_o appear_v upon_o search_n of_o the_o roll_n in_o the_o ezchequer_n that_o the_o citizen_n of_o london_n have_v be_v several_a time_n before_o so_o tax_v in_o the_o reign_v of_o king_n john_n and_o the_o king_n himself_o and_o so_o they_o pay_v at_o last_o the_o sum_n which_o the_o king_n demand_v by_o which_o you_o see_v that_o the_o great_a and_o rich_a city_n and_o town_n in_o england_n be_v tax_v at_o the_o king_n will_n nay_o i_o think_v i_o be_o able_a to_o prove_v be_v it_o now_o necessary_a that_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v often_o tax_v by_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n only_o before_o the_o grant_n of_o king_n john_n magna_fw-la charta_fw-la and_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la above_o mention_v but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o matter_n from_o which_o you_o force_v i_o to_o digress_v i_o think_v nothing_o be_v more_o plain_a than_o that_o our_o ancient_a parliament_n be_v only_o the_o king_n court_n baron_n for_o the_o dispatch_n of_o the_o public_a affair_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o in_o which_o as_o in_o the_o lesser_a court_n baroa_n or_o court_n of_o manor_n the_o suitor_n or_o tenant_n be_v together_o with_o the_o lord_n or_o his_o steward_n the_o sole_a judge_n so_o that_o at_o first_o after_o the_o conquest_n it_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n alone_o as_o the_o supreme_a lord_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o appoint_v or_o call_v which_o or_o what_o sort_n of_o those_o tenant_n be_v please_v to_o attend_v he_o with_o their_o aid_n and_o advice_n at_o his_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n and_o i_o think_v nothing_o be_v more_o evident_a as_o i_o shall_v prove_v more_o at_o large_a from_o our_o ancient_a history_n record_n and_o statute_n then_o that_o before_o the_o 49th_o hen._n iii_o and_o some_o year_n also_o after_o that_o time_n none_o but_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n earl_n and_o great_a baron_n and_o some_o of_o the_o less_o call_v in_o king_n john_n charter_n the_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la then_o constitute_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o parliament_n under_o â—he_n title_n of_o baronagium_fw-la angliae_fw-la or_o communitas_fw-la or_o universitas_fw-la baronagii_fw-la angliae_fw-la and_o for_o this_o i_o can_v give_v you_o so_o good_a authority_n that_o nothing_o but_o more_o cogent_n and_o evident_a proof_n can_v bring_v i_o from_o this_o opinion_n and_o therefore_o i_o must_v tell_v you_o i_o do_v not_o value_v those_o loose_a and_o inconsiderate_a expression_n of_o historian_n either_o before_o or_o after_o that_o time_n f._n i_o see_v the_o testimony_n of_o historian_n be_v of_o no_o credit_n if_o they_o make_v against_o your_o hypothesis_n but_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o your_o mistake_v about_o the_o king_n tax_v anon_o but_o the_o main_a force_n of_o your_o argument_n lie_v in_o the_o signification_n of_o those_o latin_a word_n you_o have_v last_o mention_v and_o which_o i_o must_v needs_o tell_v you_o i_o think_v you_o take_v in_o too_o strict_a a_o sense_n 108._o for_o first_o as_o to_o the_o word_n baro_n i_o grant_v it_o be_v not_o much_o in_o use_n before_o william_n i._o obtain_v the_o english_a diadem_n baro_n say_v camden_n britanni_n pro_fw-la svo_fw-la non_fw-la agnoscum_fw-la in_o anglosaxonicis_a legibus_fw-la nusquam_fw-la comparet_fw-la 121._o nec_fw-la in_o aâ—frici_fw-la glossario_fw-la saxonico_n inter_fw-la dignitatum_fw-la vocabula_fw-la habetur_fw-la for_o the_o english_a saxon_n call_v those_o in_o their_o own_o language_n aealderman_n which_o in_o latin_a be_v name_v comites_fw-la and_o by_o the_o dane_n earl_n but_o it_o be_v of_o so_o extensive_a a_o import_n in_o its_o signification_n that_o we_o read_v of_o aldermani_fw-la regis_fw-la aldermani_fw-la comitatus_fw-la etc._n etc._n as_o i_o have_v already_o show_v you_o alderman_n so_o that_o according_a to_o the_o strict_a sense_n of_o this_o word_n we_o have_v whole_a regiment_n of_o earl_n who_o title_n seldom_o if_o at_o all_o descend_v hereditary_a till_o the_o confessor_n time_n and_o after_o william_n i._o the_o saxon_a word_n aealderman_n and_o thegnes_fw-la begin_v to_o be_v change_v and_o in_o the_o room_n of_o aldermanni_n &_o thani_n we_o find_v comites_fw-la &_o barones_n as_o in_o all_o our_o ancient_a law_n and_o history_n nor_o be_v the_o word_n barones_n only_o take_v in_o those_o day_n for_o great_a baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o also_o for_o the_o inferior_a baron_n or_o free_a tenant_n which_o hold_v great_a estate_n of_o other_o mesne_n lord_n as_o well_o as_o of_o the_o king_n by_o certain_a service_n and_o to_o who_o the_o great_a lord_n or_o earl_n as_o sir_n h._n spelman_n show_v we_o in_o his_o glossary_n title_n baro_n often_o direct_v their_o charter_n 70._o barombus_fw-la &_o fidelibus_fw-la nostris_fw-la tam_fw-la francis_n quam_fw-la anglis_fw-la and_o we_o there_o also_o read_v some_o quotation_n from_o the_o old_a book_n of_o ramsey_n abby_n wherein_o the_o baron_n of_o the_o church_n of_o ramsey_n as_o also_o the_o milites_fw-la and_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la thereof_o be_v particular_o mention_v all_o which_o as_o this_o learned_a author_n tell_v we_o non_fw-la de_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la sunt_fw-la intelligenda_fw-la sid_n de_fw-fr vassallis_n feodalibus_fw-la note_n scil_n melioris_fw-la and_o the_o same_o author_n say_v a_o little_a low_o that_o baron_n be_v often_o take_v pro_fw-la liberè_fw-la tenentibus_fw-la in_o genere_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la tam_fw-la in_o soccagio_fw-it quam_fw-la per_fw-la servitium_fw-la militare_fw-la m._n what_o then_o do_v you_o suppose_v that_o all_o the_o freeholder_n in_o england_n by_o whatsoever_o tenure_n they_o hold_v appear_v in_o person_n in_o parliament_n before_o the_o time_n sir_n h._n spelman_n in_o his_o glossary_n tit._n and_o dr._n b._n assign_v for_o the_o summon_n of_o the_o commons_o to_o parliament_n at_o this_o rate_n every_o yeoman_n or_o petty_a freeholder_n be_v a_o baron_n so_o that_o this_o assembly_n may_v then_o consist_v of_o above_o 50_o or_o 60_o thousand_o person_n since_o spot_n in_o his_o chronicle_n tell_v we_o that_o william_n the_o conqueror_n reserve_v to_o himself_o the_o service_n of_o about_o 60000_o knight_n fee_n which_o by_o the_o time_n i_o suppose_v may_v have_v be_v divide_v into_o many_o more_o lesser_a one_o 19_o by_o co-heirship_a or_o by_o sale_n and_o otherwise_o parcel_v out_o by_o the_o king_n licence_n into_o half-knighs-fee_n three_o part_n of_o fee_n four_o part_n of_o fee_n eight_o part_n sixteen_o twenty_o thirty_o and_o forty_o part_n of_o fee_n and_o so_o have_v be_v increase_v into_o as_o many_o more_o and_o these_o beside_o the_o tenant_n in_o
which_o all_o the_o land_n in_o england_n be_v liable_a to_o as_o well_o after_o as_o before_o your_o conquest_n nor_o will_v the_o 58_o the_o law_n make_v more_o for_o you_o for_o though_o it_o â—â—ly_o say_v that_o all_o earl_n baron_n knight_n and_o their_o servitor_n or_o esquire_n and_o all_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n shall_v always_o be_v fit_v with_o horse_n and_o arm_n as_o they_o â—â—ought_v to_o be_v and_o which_o they_o ought_v to_o do_v according_a to_o and_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o â—ees_n and_o tenor_n now_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o this_o law_n can_v extend_v to_o the_o less_o 〈◊〉_d capite_fw-la only_a since_o they_o according_a to_o your_o own_o sense_n be_v comprehend_v â—â—eder_o the_o word_n milites_fw-la and_o their_o servientes_fw-la which_o seem_v to_o mean_v their_o feudataâ—y_a tenant_n be_v as_o much_o tie_v by_o this_o law_n to_o find_v horse_n and_o arm_n as_o the_o tâ—â—ants_n in_o capite_fw-la themselves_o so_o that_o whereas_o the_o law_n say_v express_o uniâ—â—rsi_fw-la liberi_fw-la â—â—mines_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la it_o shall_v have_v be_v to_o make_v good_a your_o sense_n universe_n libeâ—â—_n homines_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la tenant_n in_fw-la capite_fw-la and_o as_o for_o the_o other_o freeman_n who_o be_v â—f_o lesser_a estate_n than_o to_o find_v horse_n they_o be_v to_o be_v ready_a with_o such_o arm_n as_o beâ—â—ed_v their_o condition_n as_o we_o see_v it_o explain_v by_o the_o assize_n of_o arm_n of_o henry_n ii_o which_o i_o have_v now_o cite_v so_o that_o this_o law_n of_o king_n william_n be_v not_o to_o be_v take_v in_o 〈◊〉_d sense_n you_o put_v upon_o it_o that_o all_o the_o true_a freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v oblige_v to_o be_v ready_a with_o horse_n and_o arm_n as_o if_o none_o be_v freeman_n that_o do_v not_o but_o refer_v the_o word_n horse_n and_o arm_n to_o those_o who_o be_v to_o â—ind_v both_o and_o the_o word_n arm_n to_o those_o freeman_n who_o be_v only_o oblige_v to_o keep_v arm_n â—it_a for_o footman_n which_o sense_n the_o word_n will_v very_o well_o bear_v though_o express_v general_o and_o concise_o according_a to_o the_o mode_n of_o those_o time_n which_o abhor_v more_o word_n than_o â—eeds_o and_o if_o these_o law_n will_v not_o prove_v what_o you_o bring_v they_o for_o much_o less_o till_o the_o last_o you_o have_v cite_v for_o if_o the_o word_n omneâ—_n liberâ—_n homines_fw-la totius_fw-la monarâ—â—_n in_o the_o first_o law_n who_o be_v to_o take_v a_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n to_o the_o king_n must_v â—â—tend_v to_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o england_n as_o certain_o it_o do_v all_o freeman_n be_v aâ—â—e_n oblige_v to_o be_v swear_v in_o the_o court_n leer_n and_o county_n court_n so_o must_v this_o too_o 〈◊〉_d title_n be_v that_o omnes_fw-la subditi_fw-la all_o the_o subject_n shall_v endeavour_v to_o maintain_v the_o king_n right_n with_o all_o their_o power_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o subditi_fw-la here_o be_v the_o same_o with_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la in_o the_o first_o law_n yet_o since_o by_o that_o law_n all_o freeman_n be_v to_o take_v the_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n to_o the_o king_n these_o must_v be_v also_o the_o very_a same_o freeman_n who_o be_v to_o be_v swear_v brother_n to_o defend_v the_o kingdom_n according_a to_o their_o power_n and_o estate_n so_o that_o all_o that_o you_o have_v say_v to_o prove_v your_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n in_o capite_fw-la to_o be_v the_o only_a freeman_n that_o serve_v oâ—_n jury_n etc._n etc._n be_v build_v upon_o a_o false_a interpretation_n of_o these_o law_n of_o king_n william_n be_v but_o the_o mere_a fancy_n and_o imagination_n of_o the_o author_n from_o who_o you_o borrow_v they_o but_o take_v the_o word_n liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la in_o the_o strict_a sense_n and_o as_o they_o be_v be_v the_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la of_o king_n john_n and_o h._n iii_o chap._n 14._o where_o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o libre_fw-la homo_fw-la non_fw-la amercietur_fw-la pro_fw-la parvo_fw-la delicto_fw-la nisi_fw-la secundum_fw-la modum_fw-la illius_fw-la delicti_fw-la saluâ—â—h_fw-mi contenemento_fw-it svo_fw-la &_o mercatar_a eodem_fw-la modo_fw-la salva_fw-la marchandiza_fw-mi &_o villanus_fw-la saluâ—_n wâ—nagio_n upon_o which_o word_n sir_n edward_n coke_n in_o his_o 2_o d._n inst._n observe_v that_o 〈◊〉_d homo_fw-la be_v here_o mean_v such_o a_o one_o as_o enjoy_v a_o franc_n tenement_n that_o be_v any_o sort_n of_o freeâ—â—_n hold_v but_o pray_v go_v on_o to_o prove_v by_o some_o plain_a authority_n that_o the_o arch-bishops_a bishop_n and_o abbot_n etc._n etc._n together_o with_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o other_o tenant_n in_o capita_fw-la be_v the_o only_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o the_o assess_n of_o tax_n and_o make_v law_n in_o the_o time_n immediate_o succeed_v the_o reign_n of_o king_n william_n the_o first_o m._n i_o shall_v perform_v your_o desire_n and_o will_v begin_v with_o the_o great_a council_n 〈◊〉_d parliament_n hold_v at_o clarendon_n of_o which_o matt._n paris_n tell_v we_o 〈◊〉_d dom._n 1164._o 10_o the_o of_o king_n h._n ii_o â—20_n in_o presentia_fw-la regis_fw-la henriâ—s_n 〈…〉_z rendon_n 8_o calend._n febr._n etc._n etc._n de_fw-fr mandato_fw-la ipsius_fw-la regis_fw-la presentibus_fw-la 〈◊〉_d archiepiscopis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la prioribus_fw-la comitibus_fw-la 〈◊〉_d &_o proceribus_fw-la regni_fw-la facta_fw-la est_fw-la recognitio_fw-la and_o which_o quadrilogus_fw-la and_o gervasâ—_n 〈◊〉_d canterbury_n comprise_v under_o the_o general_a term_n of_o brasules_a &_o prâ—ceres_fw-la regni_fw-la the_o bishop_n and_o great_a man_n of_o the_o kingâ—dom_n 1164._o what_o can_v be_v more_o clear_a by_o this_o enumeration_n of_o the_o constitâ—â—ent_a part_n of_o this_o full_a parliament_n as_o mr._n sâ—lden_n and_o other_o author_n agree_v it_o to_o be_v than_o that_o the_o commons_o be_v then_o none_o of_o theâ—_n and_o that_o the_o clerus_fw-la and_o populus_fw-la in_o hoveden_n be_v only_o the_o 〈◊〉_d and_o lay_v nobility_n so_o likewise_o when_o these_o constitution_n be_v again_o renew_v by_o this_o king_n at_o bathampton_n the_o same_o author_n tell_v we_o though_o by_o a_o mistake_v it_o be_v writtâ—â—_n nottingham_n that_o rex_fw-la pater_fw-la ibi_fw-la celebravit_fw-la magnum_fw-la consilium_fw-la de_fw-fr 〈◊〉_d it_o be_v regni_fw-la 50._o &_o coram_fw-la rege_fw-la filio_fw-la svo_fw-la &_o coram_fw-la archiepiscopis_fw-la episcopâ—â—_n comitibus_fw-la &_o baronibus_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la which_o council_n be_v more_o particular_o recite_v by_o benedictus_n abbas_n in_o his_o manuscript_n history_n 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o cottonian_a library_n anno._n 1176._o which_o be_v the_o 25_o the_o h._n 〈◊〉_d circa_n festum_fw-la conversionis_fw-la sancti_fw-la pauli_n julii_fw-la venit_fw-la dominus_fw-la rex_fw-la usque_fw-la â—â—â—thampton_fw-la &_o magnum_fw-la ibi_fw-la celebravit_fw-la concilium_fw-la de_fw-la statutis_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la 〈◊〉_d episcopis_fw-la &_o comitibus_fw-la &_o baronibus_fw-la terrae_fw-la suae_fw-la &_o coram_fw-la eye_v per_fw-la 〈◊〉_d regis_fw-la henrici_fw-la filii_fw-la svi_fw-la &_o per_fw-la concilium_fw-la comitum_fw-la &_o baronum_n &_o nilitâ—â—_n hominum_fw-la suorum_fw-la hanc_fw-la subscriptam_fw-la assisam_fw-la â—ecit_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o ralph_n de_fw-fr diceto_n dean_n of_o st._n paul_n a._n d._n 1210._o a_o diligent_a searcher_n into_o the_o history_n and_o transaction_n of_o his_o own_o and_o former_a time_n 40._o do_v yet_o more_o full_o declare_v the_o meaning_n of_o abbot_n benedict_n in_o the_o account_n he_o give_v of_o this_o great_a council_n thus_o rex_fw-la juxta_fw-la consilium_fw-la filii_fw-la svi_fw-la regis_fw-la coram_fw-la episcopis_fw-la comitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la militibus_fw-la &_o aliis_fw-la hominibus_fw-la suis_fw-la in_o hoc_fw-la consentientibus_fw-la etc._n etc._n hoc_fw-la autem_fw-la factum_fw-la est_fw-la apud_fw-la northamptonam_fw-la â—ino_fw-la kal_n febr._n from_o all_o which_o authority_n we_o may_v collect_v that_o this_o council_n at_o northampton_n as_o well_o as_o that_o at_o clarendon_n be_v a_o great_a or_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n to_o which_o be_v summon_v of_o the_o laity_n only_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n of_o he_o viz._n the_o king_n land_n to_o which_o be_v also_o add_v for_o the_o better_a explain_v who_o be_v understand_v under_o these_o title_n of_o baronum_n militum_fw-la &_o hominum_fw-la suorum_fw-la that_o be_v such_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o be_v knight_n and_o such_o as_o be_v his_o man_n or_o tenant_n that_o be_v military_a tenant_n as_o be_v not_o knight_v and_o who_o hold_v land_n either_o of_o the_o king_n or_o his_o son_n to_o who_o the_o king_n may_v assign_v divers_a of_o these_o baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la to_o atturn_v tenant_n to_o he_o 204._o and_o to_o maintain_v his_o court_n and_o kingship_n and_o the_o king_n be_v comites_fw-la and_o barones_n terrae_fw-la suae_fw-la be_v the_o earl_n and_o baron_n of_o his_o kingdom_n that_o hold_v immediate_o of_o he_o or_o be_v his_o immediate_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o that_o homo_fw-la suus_fw-la &_o homines_fw-la svi_fw-la do_v for_o
be_v know_v who_o have_v a_o right_a to_o come_v to_o this_o council_n if_o these_o word_n have_v not_o be_v insert_v so_o that_o this_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o make_v a_o plain_a distinction_n between_o these_o liberos_fw-la homines_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la tenent_n in_fw-la capite_fw-la and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n but_o when_o eadmerus_n and_o other_o ancient_a historian_n mention_v the_o great_a or_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n afterward_o call_v the_o parliament_n than_o their_o expression_n be_v more_o general_a and_o comprehensive_a for_o proof_n of_o which_o copy_n pray_v consult_v the_o old_a english_a saxon_a annal_n continue_v down_o to_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n i._n wherein_o anno._n dom._n 1085._o be_v the_o last_o year_n of_o william_n i._o there_o be_v a_o remarkable_a passage_n which_o i_o shall_v here_o give_v you_o in_o english_a at_o christmas_n the_o king_n viz._n william_n i._o be_v at_o gloucester_n with_o his_o noble_n and_o there_o hold_v his_o curia_n or_o court_n in_o saxon_a his_o hire_a five_o day_n and_o immediate_o after_o it_o follow_v thus_o after_o this_o he_o hold_v a_o great_a council_n in_o saxon_n mycel_n getheat_n where_o he_o have_v many_o great_a discourse_n with_o the_o noble_n etc._n etc._n now_o it_o seem_v plain_a to_o i_o that_o this_o court_n here_o call_v his_o hire_v can_v not_o be_v the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o to_o what_o purpose_n shall_v it_o meet_v again_o so_o quick_o if_o it_o have_v the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n or_o why_o be_v they_o here_o call_v by_o different_a title_n the_o one_o his_o hire_a or_o court_n and_o the_o other_o the_o mycel_n gatheaâ—_n 451._o the_o great_a council_n which_o be_v also_o call_v common_a concilium_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la in_o sir_n henry_n spellmans_fw-mi council_n in_o this_o very_a year_n and_o to_o show_v you_o more_o plain_o the_o difference_n between_o this_o great_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o the_o lesser_a council_n of_o the_o king_n baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la pray_v see_v eadmerus_n who_o relate_v what_o be_v do_v in_o a_o great_a council_n hold_v at_o easter_n 58._o immediate_o before_o the_o invasion_n of_o robert_n duke_n of_o normandy_n in_o the_o 2d_o year_n of_o henry_n i._o say_v there_o meet_v tota_fw-la angliae_fw-la nobilitas_fw-la cum_fw-la populi_n numerositate_fw-la and_o then_o archbishop_n anselm_n engage_v for_o the_o king_n that_o he_o shall_v govern_v the_o kingdom_n according_a to_o the_o just_a law_n thereof_o where_o you_o see_v that_o beside_o the_o noble_a man_n and_o gentleman_n here_o call_v regni_fw-la nobilitas_fw-la there_o be_v also_o a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o commons_o here_o term_v in_o the_o barbarous_a latin_a of_o that_o age_n populi_n numerositas_fw-la but_o when_o the_o king_n hold_v his_o curia_n of_o the_o great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_o the_o expression_n be_v more_o particular_a as_o may_v appear_v by_o many_o charter_n of_o our_o first_o norman_n king_n to_o several_a abbey_n of_o their_o own_o foundation_n which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v make_v consilio_fw-la &_o assensu_fw-la baronum_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la tam_fw-la presulum_fw-la quam_fw-la laicorum_fw-la as_o you_o will_v for_o example_n find_v it_o in_o the_o charter_n of_o hen._n i._n to_o the_o abbey_n of_o abington_n as_o it_o be_v exemplify_v in_o the_o ancient_a manuscript_n register_n of_o that_o abbey_n now_o in_o the_o cottonian_a library_n in_o which_o book_n you_o will_v find_v more_o of_o the_o like_a nature_n which_o plain_o make_v out_o this_o difference_n between_o this_o less_o council_n of_o the_o king_n baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o for_o further_a proof_n of_o this_o pay_v see_v the_o instrument_n of_o king_n john_n resignation_n of_o his_o crown_n to_o the_o pope_n as_o you_o will_v find_v it_o at_o the_o end_n of_o dr._n b_n complete_a history_n which_o be_v recite_v to_o have_v be_v do_v communi_fw-la concilio_n baronum_fw-la noâ—troâ—um_fw-la that_o be_v by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o king_n baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v all_o there_o present_a in_o arm_n against_o the_o land_n of_o the_o french_a king_n then_o expect_v and_o yet_o this_o be_v never_o look_v upon_o to_o have_v be_v do_v per_fw-la commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la ragni_fw-la since_o this_o resignation_n be_v declare_v void_a by_o the_o bishop_n lord_n and_o commons_o in_o full_a parliament_n in_o the_o 40th_o of_o edward_n iii_o because_o do_v saâ—z_n lour_v assent_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o parliament_n roll_v of_o that_o year_n but_o when_o ever_o the_o whole_a great_a council_n or_o parliament_n be_v summon_v to_o assemble_v than_o this_o lesser_a council_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la must_v needs_o meet_v also_o as_o be_v a_o principal_a part_n of_o it_o and_o then_o the_o expression_n be_v more_o comprehensive_a as_o i_o have_v already_o note_v and_o our_o ancient_a historian_n do_v in_o my_o opinion_n by_o their_o expression_n plain_o signify_v a_o union_n of_o both_o these_o council_n to_o make_v up_o the_o common-council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o letter_n which_o the_o priory_n of_o canterbury_n write_v to_o the_o pope_n upon_o the_o election_n of_o ralph_n bishop_n of_o rochester_n in_o the_o 14_o of_o hen._n 1._o to_o the_o see_v of_o cantebury_n as_o you_o will_v find_v they_o in_o eadmerus_n lib._n 5._o fol._n 111._o and_o which_o be_v there_o say_v to_o have_v be_v make_v adunato_fw-la conventu_fw-la totius_fw-la angliae_fw-la that_o be_v in_o the_o unite_a assembly_n of_o all_o england_n viz._n the_o episcopi_fw-la abbates_n &_o principes_fw-la regni_fw-la &_o itgens_fw-la populi_n multitudo_fw-la so_o likewise_o hovelen_n in_o his_o history_n fol._n 273._o anu_fw-la 1121_o be_v the_o 18_o of_o hen._n 1._o relate_v the_o king_n marriage_n with_o the_o lady_n adeliza_n daughter_n to_o the_o duke_n of_o louvain_n to_o have_v be_v celebrate_v at_o windsor_n adunato_fw-la concilio_n totius_fw-la regni_fw-la i._n e._n in_o the_o unite_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n m._n i_o be_o not_o yet_o satisfy_v with_o your_o proof_n and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o to_o show_v you_o that_o this_o distinction_n of_o your_o friend_n mr._n p._n and_o mr._n a._n his_o second_o between_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o council_n of_o the_o great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la will_v prove_v but_o a_o mere_a chymra_n of_o those_o gentleman_n from_o who_o you_o have_v borrow_v it_o for_o there_o be_v indeed_o but_o one_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o those_o time_n viz._n that_o of_o the_o bishop_n earls_z baron_n and_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o therefore_o in_o answer_n to_o your_o first_o authority_n from_o the_o saxon_a chronicle_n i_o shall_v show_v you_o another_o of_o the_o same_o king_n reign_n which_o will_v show_v the_o different_a expression_n of_o this_o great_a council_n by_o hire_a and_o mycel_v getheat_n to_o have_v be_v the_o particular_a fancy_n of_o that_o monkish_a writer_n and_o it_o be_v from_o gervas_n doâ—â—bornensis_n the_o act_v pontisicum_fw-la cantuarens_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la where_o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o decem_fw-la scriptores_fw-la 1651._o this_o passage_n anno._n 4._o regis_fw-la wilhelmi_n i._n anno._n dom._n 1070._o lanfrancus_fw-la cadomensis_n ahlu_n electus_fw-la fuit_fw-la archiâ—piscopus_fw-la cantuariensis_n a_o senioribus_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la cum_fw-la episcopit_fw-la &_o principibus_fw-la clero_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la angliae_fw-la in_o curia_fw-la regis_fw-la in_o assumptione_n sanctae_fw-la mariae_fw-la where_o you_o may_v see_v that_o this_o confirmation_n of_o the_o archbishop_n be_v make_v in_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o be_v here_o call_v collective_o or_o altogether_o and_o not_o one_o part_n of_o it_o only_o curia_fw-la regis_fw-la as_o for_o the_o word_n which_o make_v up_o the_o constituent_a part_n of_o this_o council_n we_o have_v sufficient_o debate_v they_o and_o therefore_o i_o need_v say_v nothing_o more_o concern_v they_o but_o though_o the_o dr._n have_v give_v we_o more_o authority_n to_o prove_v this_o 125._o yet_o i_o shall_v make_v use_n of_o but_o one_o more_o from_o badmerus_fw-la it_o be_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n i._o thus_o in_o subsequenti_fw-la nativitate_fw-la dom._n christi_fw-la regnum_fw-la angliae_fw-la ad_fw-la curiam_fw-la regis_fw-la lundoniae_n pro_fw-la more_fw-it convenit_fw-la &_o magna_fw-la solemnitate_fw-la habita_fw-la est_fw-la etc._n etc._n this_o instance_n be_v full_a in_o all_o point_n here_o be_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n that_o be_v the_o whole_a baronage_n or_o university_n of_o england_n for_o bracton_n tell_v we_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n consist_v of_o earldom_n and_o barony_n who_o meet_v according_a to_o custom_n at_o the_o king_n court_n and_o hence_o
communitate_fw-la regni_fw-la can_v mean_v as_o you_o will_v have_v they_o viz._n that_o the_o lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v grant_v it_o for_o themselves_o and_o the_o community_n of_o their_o tenant_n by_o military_a service_n only_o who_o say_v you_o represent_v the_o whole_a community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o then_o as_o i_o have_v already_o observe_v this_o need_v not_o to_o have_v be_v grant_v in_o parliament_n at_o all_o but_o at_o this_o rate_n no_o tenant_n of_o those_o abbey_n and_o monastery_n which_o be_v a_o great_a many_o who_o do_v not_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la will_v have_v pay_v any_o thing_n to_o this_o tax_n nor_o yet_o the_o king_n tenant_n who_o do_v not_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la but_o of_o some_o castle_n or_o honour_n nor_o last_o any_o tenant_n in_o socage_n who_o be_v very_o numerous_a in_o kent_n as_o well_o as_o in_o other_o county_n as_o mr._n taylour_n prove_v in_o his_o history_n of_o gauâ—l-kâ—nd_a so_o that_o if_o your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o other_o under_o tenant_n by_o military_a service_n have_v be_v then_o the_o community_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n this_o community_n have_v not_o consist_v of_o above_o one_o half_a or_o at_o most_o a_o three_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o in_o my_o sense_n of_o this_o word_n communitas_fw-la here_o will_v be_v no_o difficulty_n at_o all_o for_o these_o magnate_v mention_v in_o this_o record_n be_v take_v as_o i_o have_v proveâ—_n they_o often_o be_v for_o knight_n of_o shire_n than_o these_o word_n be_v thus_o to_o be_v understand_v viz._n that_o all_o the_o party_n mention_v in_o this_o record_n give_v for_o themselves_o and_o the_o whole_a community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n consist_v of_o all_o the_o free_a holder_n of_o england_n who_o all_o contribute_v to_o the_o marriage_n of_o the_o king_n daughter_n according_a to_o their_o respective_a estate_n and_o though_o the_o sense_n of_o this_o word_n have_v be_v otherwise_o in_o this_o place_n yet_o it_o will_v not_o have_v contradict_v my_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la which_o i_o do_v not_o aver_v always_o to_o signify_v the_o commons_o but_o when_o it_o come_v immediate_o after_o the_o word_n comites_fw-la &_o barones_n as_o it_o do_v not_o in_o this_o record_n you_o have_v now_o cite_v m._n but_o pray_v tell_v i_o how_o this_o can_v be_v since_o the_o record_n say_v express_o that_o this_o aid_n be_v to_o be_v raise_v by_o 40_o s._n upon_o every_o knight_n fee_n which_o can_v only_o extend_v to_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n nor_o can_v this_o word_n communitas_fw-la here_o signify_v the_o commons_o as_o now_o understand_v since_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n be_v not_o at_o all_o mention_v who_o you_o know_v do_v at_o this_o day_n make_v up_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o representative_n of_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n f._n this_o proceed_v from_o your_o not_o know_v or_o else_o not_o consider_v the_o ancient_a manner_n of_o reckon_a estate_n and_o consequent_o of_o tax_v by_o knight_n fee_n not_o only_o land_n hold_v by_o military_a but_o socage_n tenure_n also_o faciendis_fw-la as_o appear_v by_o those_o writ_n of_o the_o 24_o and_o 26_o of_o hen._n iii_o as_o they_o be_v still_o upon_o the_o close_a roll_n be_v both_o almost_o the_o same_o word_n for_o word_n which_o i_o give_v you_o at_o our_o last_o meeting_n yet_o since_o you_o may_v have_v forget_v they_o pray_v read_v they_o again_o rex_fw-la vicecomiti_a northampton_n saluâ—em_v praecipimus_fw-la tibi_fw-la quod_fw-la per_fw-la totam_fw-la ballivam_fw-la etiam_fw-la in_o singulis_fw-la bonis_fw-la villis_fw-la &_o similiter_fw-la in_o pleno_fw-la comitatu_fw-la tuo_fw-la clamari_fw-la faâ—ies_fw-la quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la illi_fw-la de_fw-la comitatu_fw-la tuo_fw-la qui_fw-la tenent_fw-la feodum_fw-la militis_fw-la integrum_fw-la vel_fw-la etiam_fw-la minus_fw-la quam_fw-la feodum_fw-la integrum_fw-la dum_fw-la tamen_fw-la de_fw-it tenemento_fw-it svo_fw-la tam_fw-la militari_fw-la quam_fw-la socagio_fw-it possint_fw-la sistentari_fw-la &_o milites_fw-la non_fw-la sunt_fw-la siâ—ut_fw-la tenementa_fw-la sus_fw-la diligunt_fw-la citra_fw-la festum_fw-la omnium_fw-la sanctorum_fw-la anno._n regni_n nostr_n xxv_o arma_fw-la capiant_fw-la &_o se_fw-la milites_fw-la â—iâ—ri_fw-la faciant_fw-la where_o you_o may_v note_n that_o all_o man_n who_o hold_v the_o value_n of_o a_o knight_n fee_n either_o by_o military_a or_o socage_n tenure_n be_v liable_a to_o be_v make_v knight_n provide_v they_o can_v maintain_v themselves_o of_o their_o estate_n which_o can_v never_o have_v be_v have_v not_o the_o custom_n of_o reckon_a and_o tax_v estate_n of_o all_o sort_n as_o well_o by_o knight_n service_n as_o otherwise_o according_a to_o the_o value_n of_o so_o many_o knight_n fee_n that_o be_v at_o 20â—_n per_fw-la an._n be_v then_o common_o use_v but_o as_o for_o your_o next_o objection_n that_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n be_v not_o mention_v in_o this_o record_n and_o so_o can_v not_o be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la this_o prove_v no_o more_o than_o that_o which_o will_v easy_o be_v grant_v you_o that_o this_o word_n communitas_fw-la use_v in_o your_o record_n be_v there_o to_o be_v understand_v restrictive_o and_o according_a to_o the_o subject_a matter_n viz._n the_o community_n of_o freeholders_n or_o land-holders_n of_o the_o who_o kingdom_n only_o since_o this_o tax_n be_v whole_o upon_o land_n the_o commons_o of_o city_n and_o burrough_n then_o call_v communitates_fw-la civitatum_fw-la &_o buâ—gorum_n who_o estate_n lay_v in_o money_n or_o good_n can_v not_o be_v tax_v by_o knight_n fee_n nor_o do_v i_o doubt_v but_o that_o if_o we_o have_v the_o record_n of_o that_o parliament_n of_o the_o 18_o of_o edw._n i._n now_o leave_v we_o which_o be_v lose_v it_o will_v appear_v that_o they_o also_o contribute_v to_o this_o tax_n according_a to_o their_o estate_n as_o they_o do_v in_o the_o 34th_o year_n of_o this_o king_n to_o make_v the_o king_n be_v elder_a son_n a_o knight_n as_o for_o your_o record_n of_o the_o 20_o of_o edw._n iii_o it_o be_v but_o the_o same_o in_o effect_n with_o this_o of_o the_o 30_o of_o edw._n i._n and_o the_o same_o answer_n will_v serve_v for_o both_o only_o i_o can_v but_o observe_v that_o whereas_o you_o have_v often_o assert_v that_o this_o word_n communitas_fw-la do_v only_o signify_v the_o community_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la now_o you_o fall_v a_o peg_n low_a and_o it_o must_v at_o last_o take_v in_o the_o whole_a community_n of_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n whether_o in_o capite_fw-la or_o not_o m._n well_o then_o you_o gâ—ant_v that_o this_o word_n communitas_fw-la do_v not_o always_o signify_v all_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n as_o you_o suppose_v but_o far_o that_o it_o must_v mean_v the_o community_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o military_a service_n only_o pâ—ay_o see_v this_o very_a record_n of_o the_o 34th_o of_o edw._n i._n which_o mr._n p._n have_v give_v we_o at_o large_a in_o his_o appendix_n 173._o which_o be_v long_o i_o shaâ—l_v trouble_v you_o with_o no_o more_o than_o what_o make_v to_o our_o present_a purpose_n viz._n that_o the_o king_n intend_v to_o make_v his_o son_n prince_z edward_z a_o knight_n summon_v the_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n prior_n earl_n baron_n and_o other_o great_a man_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n to_o appoint_v what_o aid_n they_o will_v grant_v the_o king_n towards_o it_o and_o than_o it_o follow_v thus_o that_o the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n and_o other_o as_o also_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n being_n mer_o treat_v together_o with_o deliberation_n upon_o this_o matter_n consider_v that_o a_o aid_n be_v due_a to_o make_v his_o son_n a_o knight_n beside_o the_o burden_n that_o lie_v upon_o they_o king_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o scotch_a war_n at_o lengh_n they_o unanimous_o domino_fw-la regni_fw-la concâ—ssâ—runt_fw-la pâ—o_fw-la sâ—_n &_o â—â—tâ_fw-la communitate_fw-la râ—gni_fw-la â—ricesimam_fw-la partem_fw-la omnium_fw-la bunâ—â—um_fw-la suorum_fw-la â—â—mporalium_fw-la mobilium_fw-la for_o make_v his_o son_n a_o knight_n and_o towards_o his_o expense_n of_o his_o war_n in_o scotland_n aâ—d_v then_o the_o cives_fw-la &_o â—u_n genses_fw-la civet_fw-la â—â—um_fw-la ac_fw-la burgorum_n â—c_z caeteri_fw-la de_fw-fr dominiâ—s_fw-la râ—gis_fw-la congregati_fw-la treat_v about_o the_o premise_n and_o consider_v the_o burden_n lie_v upon_o the_o king_n not_o mention_v any_o aid_n for_o make_v his_o â—on_n knight_n as_o not_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n by_o knights-fee_n oâ—_n service_n and_o therefore_o none_o of_o the_o community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n nor_o liable_a to_o it_o dâ—mino_fw-la râ—gâ—_n un_fw-fr inimitie_n ob_fw-la cauâ—as_fw-la supra_fw-la dictas_fw-la concâ—sserunt_fw-la vic._n simâ—m_fw-la pariem_fw-la bono_fw-mi 〈…〉_z mobilium_fw-la here_o the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n and_o great_a man_n with_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n consult_v together_o and_o give_v for_o themselves_o and_o the_o community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n a_o thirty_o part_n of_o their_o
will_v not_o affirm_v but_o lest_o i_o tire_v you_o as_o well_o as_o myself_o in_o dwell_v so_o long_o upon_o thing_n so_o plain_a and_o obvious_a be_v not_o they_o by_o too_o much_o industry_n render_v obscure_a i_o come_v at_o last_o to_o the_o conclusion_n of_o your_o discourse_n which_o be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o repetition_n of_o what_o you_o have_v say_v at_o first_o that_o because_o all_o the_o kingdom_n can_v not_o be_v summon_v to_o appear_v in_o parliament_n and_o that_o villain_n and_o servant_n etc._n etc._n never_o pay_v to_o this_o tax_n that_o therefore_o the_o word_n omnes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v literal_o a_o doughty_a discovery_n and_o therefore_o you_o have_v find_v a_o expedient_a to_o help_v this_o contradiction_n by_o your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o thy_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n for_o the_o laity_n and_o by_o the_o procuratores_fw-la cleri_fw-la for_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n who_o interpretation_n be_v most_o agreeable_a to_o truth_n i_o dare_v leave_v to_o any_o indifferent_a judge_n for_o i_o must_v needs_o tell_v you_o once_o again_o i_o can_v see_v any_o manner_n of_o reason_n either_o from_o authority_n or_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n that_o your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la can_v be_v the_o omnes_fw-la de_fw-fr regno_fw-la in_o a_o legal_a sense_n and_o as_o such_o do_v represent_v all_o the_o freeman_n of_o estate_n in_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n therefore_o if_o you_o can_v prove_v this_o it_o may_v go_v far_o to_o convince_v i_o otherwise_o not_o m._n since_o you_o will_v not_o rest_v satisfy_v with_o those_o authority_n i_o have_v already_o produce_v to_o prove_v it_o 121._o pray_v let_v i_o discourse_v with_o you_o a_o little_a more_o particular_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o tenor_n by_o knight_n service_n i_o therefore_o suppose_v that_o the_o dr._n have_v very_o well_o prove_v by_o several_a record_n as_o also_o the_o two_o writ_n of_o 19_o hen._n iii_o to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o somerset_n and_o sussex_n that_o the_o king_n ancient_o by_o his_o prerogative_n and_o his_o original_a power_n and_o right_n reserve_v upon_o knight_n fee_n do_v tax_n the_o military_a tenant_n of_o his_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o their_o other_o ordinary_a free_a tenant_n and_o by_o his_o writ_n cause_v they_o to_o pay_v both_o scutage_n tax_n and_o scutage_n service_n and_o other_o reasonable_a aid_n as_o often_o as_o necessity_n require_v f._n i_o grant_v indeed_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n to_o have_v be_v sometime_o as_o you_o say_v since_o there_o be_v no_o aver_n against_o express_a record_n but_o i_o say_v likewise_o that_o as_o for_o those_o writ_n the_o dr._n have_v give_v we_o concern_v the_o king_n order_v the_o sheriff_n to_o distrain_v the_o mesne_n tenant_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o scutage_n service_n as_o to_o marry_v their_o daughter_n or_o for_o the_o find_n of_o man_n in_o any_o warlike_a expedition_n it_o be_v no_o more_o than_o those_o mesne_n tenant_n be_v bind_v to_o do_v by_o the_o tenor_n of_o their_o estate_n if_o they_o have_v fail_v to_o serve_v their_o lord_n in_o person_n or_o by_o sufficient_a deputy_n and_o therefore_o the_o king_n may_v legal_o grant_v they_o scutage_n upon_o such_o tenant_n and_o perhaps_o may_v also_o change_v their_o service_n in_o person_n into_o a_o pecuniary_a aid_n as_o appear_v by_o some_o of_o those_o writ_n the_o dr._n have_v give_v we_o and_o this_o not_o by_o his_o prerogative_n but_o by_o law_n so_o likewise_o though_o your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la can_v tax_n themselves_o in_o their_o distinct_a council_n or_o else_o in_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n at_o what_o rate_n they_o please_v for_o the_o knight_n fee_n they_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n and_o though_o the_o king_n may_v sometime_o undertake_v by_o this_o pretence_n to_o i_o evy_v a_o scutage_n of_o two_o mark_n on_o their_o under-tenant_n also_o yet_o do_v it_o not_o appear_v by_o either_o of_o those_o record_n you_o have_v now_o cite_v that_o they_o give_v for_o more_o than_o themselves_o alone_o the_o word_n in_o the_o writ_n be_v only_o that_o they_o have_v give_v the_o king_n esseâ—ax_n auxilium_fw-la of_o two_o mark_n upon_o every_o knight_n fee_n as_o well_o ward_n as_o other_o who_o hold_v of_o he_o in_o capite_fw-la without_o any_o mention_n of_o their_o mesne_n tenant_n so_o that_o if_o the_o sheriff_n be_v afterward_o order_v to_o distrain_v these_o mesne_n tenant_n also_o for_o two_o mark_n for_o each_o knight_n fee_n they_o hold_v of_o their_o lord_n this_o be_v strain_v a_o point_n of_o prerogative_n and_o be_v express_o against_o law_n for_o at_o this_o rate_n the_o king_n may_v by_o the_o lâ—ke_a prerogative_n have_v tax_v all_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n great_a lord_n and_o all_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la without_o their_o consent_n as_o well_o as_o their_o mesne_n tenant_n though_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o express_a word_n of_o the_o charter_n of_o king_n william_n i._n and_o king_n john_n which_o you_o yourself_o cite_v at_o our_o former_a meeting_n so_o that_o grant_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n to_o have_v be_v practise_v sometime_o as_o your_o record_n make_v out_o this_o be_v no_o proof_n that_o this_o be_v a_o constant_a law_n or_o settle_a custom_n much_o less_o that_o the_o king_n have_v a_o right_a so_o to_o do_v m._n i_o do_v not_o doubt_v 180._o but_o that_o i_o can_v prove_v to_o you_o that_o what_o this_o king_n then_o do_v in_o charge_v these_o mesne_fw-la tenant_n be_v according_a to_o his_o ancient_a prerogative_n and_o what_o himself_o and_o his_o predecessor_n have_v frequent_o do_v both_o before_o and_o after_o the_o clause_n in_o king_n john_n charter_n of_o nullum_fw-la scutâ—gium_fw-la vel_fw-la auxilium_fw-la ponam_fw-la in_o regno_fw-la meo_fw-la &_o â—_o be_v grant_v nay_o after_o it_o be_v grant_v hen._n 3._o and_o edw._n 1._o tax_v their_o demeasn_n through_o england_n 19_o though_o not_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o their_o privy_a council_n until_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la be_v make_v in_o 34_o eâ—w_n 1._o and_o both_o rich._n 1._o and_o k._n john_n have_v tax_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n without_o common_a assent_n before_o the_o grant_v of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la as_o also_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o rich._n 1._o as_o you_o may_v find_v in_o hoveden_n 442._o who_o live_v at_o that_o time_n the_o passage_n be_v long_o and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v only_o give_v you_o the_o begin_n of_o it_o viz._n that_o this_o king_n anno_fw-la 1198_o regno_fw-la 9_o accepit_fw-la de_fw-la unaquaque_fw-la carucata_n terrae_fw-la totius_fw-la angliae_fw-la v._o solidos_fw-la de_fw-la auxilio_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o then_o go_v on_o to_o show_v we_o the_o manner_n how_o it_o be_v raise_v and_o collect_v and_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o he_o use_v these_o word_n auxilium_fw-la and_o tallagium_fw-la for_o the_o same_o tax_n so_o we_o find_v in_o mat._n paris_n that_o king_n john_n take_v a_o seven_o part_n of_o all_o movable_n without_o common_a assent_n 1203.1207_o and_o another_o time_n a_o thirty_o the_o great_a man_n and_o clergy_n grumble_a at_o it_o k._n hen._n 3._o also_o tax_v all_o his_o demeasn_a in_o the_o 33_o d_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n 1._o as_o appear_v by_o a_o writ_n in_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o this_o year_n whereby_o he_o also_o command_v the_o sheriff_n of_o buâ—ks_n that_o he_o make_v philip_n basseâ—_n a_o ratiâ—nabilâ—_n tallagium_fw-la de_fw-la hominibus_fw-la suis_fw-la de_fw-la eo_fw-la tenentilus_fw-la in_o mannerio_n de_fw-fr wycumb_n quod_fw-la aliquando_fw-la suis_fw-la dominicum_fw-la praedecâ—ssorum_fw-la râ—gis_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o the_o 39_o the_o year_n this_o king_n as_o the_o doctor_n show_v we_o at_o large_a by_o a_o recoâ—d_n in_o the_o keep_n of_o the_o remembrancer_n of_o the_o exchequer_n he_o tax_v all_o his_o demeasn_a and_o among_o the_o rest_n the_o city_n of_o london_n at_o 3000_o mark_n 178._o which_o though_o with_o some_o contest_v mention_v in_o this_o record_n they_o be_v at_o last_o force_v to_o pay_v because_o it_o be_v find_v upon_o record_n that_o this_o king_n and_o his_o father_n have_v several_a time_n palliate_v or_o tax_v the_o saiâ—_n city_n in_o like_a manner_n at_o the_o sum_n therein_o mention_v so_o that_o at_o last_o the_o mayor_n and_o citizen_n be_v fain_o to_o acknowledge_v themselves_o thâ—s_o talliable_a by_o the_o king_n so_o in_o the_o 52._o year_n of_o his_o reign_n he_o tax_v all_o his_o demeasn_a land_n beyond_o trenâ—_n by_o his_o escheator_n parl._n and_o this_o right_n be_v acknowledge_v by_o all_o the_o bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n in_o the_o 33_o d_o year_n of_o edw._n i._n as_o appâ—aâ—s_n by_o their_o petition_n to_o he_o in_o parliament_n in_o these_o word_n all_o pâ—tiâ—ionem_fw-la arcâ—iepiscoporum_fw-la episporum_fw-la
to_o the_o like_a exaction_n of_o his_o son_n hâ—n_o the_o three_o which_o be_v brand_v by_o all_o writer_n as_o horrible_a and_o illegal_a oppression_n nay_o be_v own_a to_o be_v so_o by_o this_o king_n frequent_a confirmation_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la and_o acknowledgement_n of_o his_o breach_n of_o they_o and_o promise_v to_o observe_v they_o better_o for_o the_o future_a but_o i_o be_o sorry_a to_o find_v your_o doctor_n who_o you_o follow_v both_o in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n and_o mr._n a._n as_o also_o in_o his_o complete_a history_n still_o to_o cite_v the_o most_o violent_a and_o illegal_a action_n nay_o the_o very_a perjury_n for_o â—lowers_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o royal_a prerogative_n but_o as_o for_o the_o authority_n you_o urge_v for_o this_o king_n talliate_v his_o demesne_n without_o consent_n of_o parliament_n you_o yourself_o grant_v that_o this_o talliage_n be_v not_o general_a upon_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o if_o so_o can_v only_o concern_v his_o own_o tenant_n in_o ancient_a demesn_a and_o none_o else_o who_o be_v always_o exempt_v from_o be_v tax_v with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o nation_n because_o they_o be_v liable_a to_o yield_v the_o king_n a_o reasonable_a talliage_n ratione_fw-la tenurae_fw-la whensoever_o he_o need_v it_o yet_o this_o be_v count_v rather_o a_o privilege_n than_o otherwise_o since_o they_o be_v not_o only_o free_a from_o all_o other_o burden_n and_o parliamentary_a attendance_n but_o be_v also_o tax_v much_o less_o than_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o nation_n in_o regard_n of_o their_o tilling_n the_o king_n land_n but_o when_o this_o reasonable_a prerogative_n grow_v to_o be_v abuse_v and_o the_o exaction_n levy_v upon_o they_o become_v intolerable_a than_o they_o will_v no_o long_o suffer_v it_o but_o get_v it_o take_v away_o by_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la after_o which_o we_o find_v the_o tenant_n in_o ancient_a demesne_n frequent_o give_v their_o share_n of_o aide_n and_o subsidy_n in_o parliament_n by_o delegate_n of_o their_o own_o as_o in_o the_o record_n of_o the_o 35_o the_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o which_o you_o have_v now_o cite_v till_o at_o last_o they_o come_v to_o be_v resolve_v into_o the_o common_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o aâ—_n for_o the_o city_n of_o london_n it_o be_v never_o take_v for_o part_n of_o the_o king_n demean_n and_o so_o be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v in_o doom_n day_n book_n but_o as_o appear_v by_o record_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o therefore_o can_v be_v no_o otherwise_o tax_v then_o as_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la that_o be_v by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o this_o make_v the_o londoner_n deny_v to_o be_v otherwise_o talliate_v as_o appear_v by_o this_o record_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o which_o you_o have_v now_o cite_v but_o the_o truth_n be_v they_o have_v this_o exaction_n first_o lay_v upon_o they_o in_o the_o exorbitant_a reign_n of_o king_n john_n and_o this_o be_v afterward_o trump_v again_o upon_o they_o in_o all_o the_o ill_a part_n of_o his_o son_n government_n because_o his_o father_n have_v do_v it_o before_o and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o if_o shipmoney_n have_v pass_v unquestioned_a and_o be_v as_o often_o pay_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o k._n charles_n the_o first_o but_o that_o it_o will_v have_v be_v urge_v as_o a_o precedent_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o charles_n the_o second_o but_o as_o for_o your_o last_o authority_n of_o the_o 33_o d._n of_o edward_n the_o first_o pray_v take_v notice_n that_o it_o be_v before_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la and_o extend_v only_o to_o such_o estate_n in_o ancient_a demesn_a as_o be_v hold_v of_o the_o king_n by_o nobleman_n or_o gentleman_n either_o by_o gift_n or_o purchase_v and_o which_o for_o all_o that_o still_o keep_v the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o be_v talliate_v by_o the_o king_n as_o their_z under_z tenant_n be_v by_o they_o to_o enable_v the_o lord_n to_o pay_v the_o king_n talliage_n and_o in_o this_o sense_n i_o understand_v these_o word_n in_o this_o record_n unde_fw-la sunt_fw-la in_o tenantia_fw-la i._n e._n of_o which_o they_o be_v in_o tenancy_n to_o the_o king_n nor_o do_v the_o record_n call_v they_o dominica_n sua_fw-la as_o it_o do_v the_o king_n demesn_n that_o follow_v so_o that_o this_o can_v not_o be_v a_o tax_n upon_o all_o under_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n as_o you_o suppose_v sinâ—e_v their_o estate_n be_v never_o call_v antiqua_fw-la dominica_n and_o therefore_o i_o think_v after_o all_o you_o can_v show_v i_o any_o legal_a precedent_n that_o our_o king_n claim_v a_o right_n under_o colour_n of_o their_o prerogative_n of_o tax_v the_o whole_a nation_n de_fw-fr alto_n &_o â—â—sso_fw-la at_o their_o pleasure_n m._n i_o shall_v not_o now_o dispute_v it_o long_o with_o you_o whether_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v not_o ancient_o a_o power_n of_o tax_v the_o land_n hold_v of_o they_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o their_o great_a council_n but_o thus_o much_o i_o think_v i_o may_v safe_o aver_v that_o when_o this_o great_a charter_n be_v make_v the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n give_v tax_n and_o make_v law_n not_o only_o for_o themselves_o but_o their_o mesne_n tenant_n and_o the_o whole_a nation_n also_o nor_o be_v this_o at_o all_o unreasonable_a that_o those_o who_o thus_o hold_v estate_n by_o mesne_n tenure_n under_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v be_v bind_v by_o the_o act_n of_o those_o of_o who_o they_o hold_v they_o 171._o since_o we_o see_v in_o scotland_n that_o at_o this_o day_n none_o sit_v there_o either_o as_o commissioner_n of_o shire_n or_o burgess_n for_o the_o royal_a burough_n but_o such_o as_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la of_o the_o king_n for_o ancient_o before_o the_o law_n for_o excuse_v the_o small_a baron_n and_o free_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o send_v commissioner_n of_o shire_n in_o their_o stead_n be_v introduce_v by_o a_o statuâ—e_n make_v in_o the_o seven_o parliament_n of_o k._n jam._n 1._o a._n dom._n 1420_o it_o consist_v all_o of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la viz._n of_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n prior_n earl_n baron_n &_o libere_fw-la tenentibus_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la râ—ge_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o appear_v by_o the_o very_a word_n in_o the_o latin_a title_n to_o divers_a of_o those_o statute_n as_o you_o may_v find_v they_o in_o slenes_n collection_n of_o scotch_a law_n now_o if_o this_o law_n do_v ancient_o and_o do_v still_o prevail_v in_o scotland_n that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v be_v the_o sole_a representative_n of_o that_o whole_a kingdom_n i_o can_v see_v any_o reason_n why_o it_o may_v not_o have_v be_v so_o ancient_o in_o englâ—nd_n also_o especial_o since_o i_o can_v give_v you_o so_o good_a reason_n to_o back_o this_o opinion_n m._n i_o will_v answer_v your_o argument_n from_o scotland_n by_o and_o by_o but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o tell_v you_o why_o i_o think_v it_o can_v never_o have_v be_v the_o custom_n in_o england_n and_o that_o for_o two_o reason_n first_o because_o it_o be_v against_o reason_n and_o 2_o lie_v because_o it_o be_v against_o the_o know_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o it_o be_v against_o reason_n be_v apparent_a since_o what_o reason_n be_v there_o that_o if_o a_o man_n in_o those_o time_n purchase_v a_o estate_n for_o a_o valuable_a consideration_n of_o a_o lord_n or_o any_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o certain_o thousand_o do_v to_o be_v hold_v either_o by_o knight_n service_n or_o in_o socage_n that_o such_o a_o tenant_n shall_v lie_v at_o the_o mercy_n of_o his_o lord_n to_o dispose_v of_o his_o estate_n in_o tax_n and_o make_v law_n for_o he_o at_o his_o pleasure_n however_o exorbitant_a those_o tax_n be_v or_o inconvenient_a those_o law_n may_v prove_v the_o lord_n be_v no_o representative_a of_o his_o own_o choice_n or_o appointment_n in_o the_o next_o place_n that_o this_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o receive_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o those_o time_n i_o can_v prove_v by_o two_o very_a sufficient_a authority_n the_o one_o of_o the_o earl_n of_o chester_n the_o other_o of_o the_o bishop_n of_o durham_n now_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o both_o this_o earl_n and_o bishop_n helâ—_n their_o county_n palatine_n in_o capite_fw-la immediate_o of_o the_o king_n nor_o have_v those_o county_n any_o representatives_n in_o parliament_n till_o long_o after_o that_o they_o have_v knight_n of_o shire_n and_o burgess_n grant_v they_o by_o particular_a statute_n make_v for_o that_o purpose_n now_o according_a to_o your_o hypothesis_n all_o the_o freeholder_n and_o inhabitant_n of_o those_o county-palatines_a shall_v have_v be_v bind_v by_o all_o act_n
and_o burrough_n from_o time_n beyond_o all_o memory_n send_v their_o proxye_n and_o representative_n to_o the_o parliament_n in_o scotland_n and_o that_o each_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n so_o send_v have_v as_o good_a a_o vote_n in_o their_o parliament_n as_o the_o great_a bishop_n or_o earl_n of_o they_o all_o m._n i_o desire_v no_o better_a proof_n then_o what_o yourself_o have_v now_o bring_v to_o make_v out_o that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v not_o only_o at_o this_o day_n but_o have_v be_v from_o the_o very_a beginning_n of_o parliament_n in_o that_o nation_n for_o i_o shall_v appeal_v to_o those_o very_a statute_n and_o record_n you_o have_v now_o cite_v which_o compare_v with_o divers_a subsequent_a statute_n of_o that_o kingdom_n will_v make_v the_o matter_n plain_a enough_o that_o the_o communitas_fw-la and_o these_o probi_fw-la homines_fw-la mention_v in_o these_o law_n you_o have_v cite_v be_v the_o community_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o in_o the_o first_o place_n therefore_o let_v i_o observe_v from_o that_o very_a law_n of_o king_n alexander_n the_o title_n of_o which_o you_o have_v but_o now_o quote_v that_o these_o word_n per_fw-la essenssum_fw-la communitatis_fw-la can_v here_o signify_v the_o commons_o since_o they_o alone_o can_v neither_o advise_v nor_o give_v their_o consent_n to_o make_v law_n and_o therefore_o they_o must_v needs_o refer_v to_o the_o whole_a community_n or_o assembly_n of_o estate_n consist_v of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o 63._o as_o i_o shall_v prove_v by_o a_o parliament_n of_o king_n rob._n iii_o who_o begin_v to_o reign_v anno._n dom_fw-la 1400._o in_o the_o 10_o year_n of_o our_o richard_n two_o the_o title_n be_v thus_o parliamentum_fw-la domini_fw-la nostri_fw-la roberti_n iii_o scotoâ—um_n regis_fw-la etc._n etc._n vocatis_fw-la &_o summonitis_fw-la more_fw-it solito_fw-la episcopis_fw-la prioribus_fw-la duâ—ibus_fw-la commitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la liberis_fw-la teâ—entibus_fw-la &_o burgensibus_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la domino_fw-la rege_fw-la tenent_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la and_o this_o be_v also_o confirm_v from_o the_o title_n to_o a_o parliament_n hold_v at_o perth_n anno._n dom._n 1427._o be_v the_o 23d_o of_o king_n james_n 1._o summâ—nitis_n &_o voâ—atis_fw-la mâ—re_fw-it solito_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la prioribus_fw-la comitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la &_o liberi_fw-la tâ—nentibus_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la tenent_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr quolibet_fw-la burgo_n certis_fw-la buâ—genfibus_fw-la so_o that_o i_o think_v nothing_o can_v be_v plain_o from_o these_o ancient_a statute_n then_o that_o the_o scottish_a parliament_n do_v ancient_o consist_v of_o no_o other_o member_n than_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o prior_n duke_n and_o earl_n baron_n freeholders_n and_o burgess_n which_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v thus_o show_v the_o ancient_a costitution_n of_o the_o scotish_n parliament_n for_o your_o satisfaction_n i_o shall_v far_o show_v when_o and_o how_o it_o be_v alter_v in_o the_o seven_o parliament_n of_o king_n james_n the_o first_o hold_v at_o perth_n ibid._n a._n dom._n 1420_o there_o be_v a_o law_n make_v which_o i_o shall_v contract_v that_o the_o small_a baron_n and_o freeholder_n need_v not_o to_o come_v to_o parliament_n and_o that_o for_o the_o future_a out_o of_o each_o schirefdome_n there_o shall_v be_v send_v two_o or_o more_o wise_a man_n after_o the_o largeness_n of_o the_o schirefdome_n the_o which_o shall_v be_v call_v commissary_n of_o the_o shire_n and_o that_o these_o shall_v have_v full_a power_n final_o to_o hear_v and_o determine_v all_o cause_n to_o be_v propose_v in_o the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n and_o that_o the_o say_v commissary_n shall_v have_v costage_n of_o they_o of_o each_o shire_n that_o ought_v to_o appear_v in_o parliament_n or_o council_n i_o have_v only_o give_v you_o a_o abstract_n of_o this_o statute_n because_o it_o be_v pretty_a long_a and_o pen_v in_o old_a scotish_n english_a but_o you_o may_v consult_v it_o at_o your_o leisure_n and_o this_o be_v far_o confirm_v by_o a_o subsequent_a act_n of_o parliament_n of_o king_n james_n the_o six_o 99_o hold_v at_o edinburgh_n july_n the_o 29_o the_o 1587._o wherein_o after_o a_o repetition_n of_o the_o former_a act_n of_o king_n james_n the_o first_o and_o a_o confirmation_n of_o the_o same_o it_o follow_v thus_o and_o that_o all_o freeholder_n of_o the_o king_n under_o the_o degree_n of_o prelate_n and_o lord_n of_o parliament_n be_v warn_v by_o proclamation_n to_o be_v present_a at_o the_o choose_n of_o the_o say_a commissioner_n and_o none_o to_o have_v voit_fw-fr in_o their_o election_n but_o sik_n as_o have_v forty_o shilling_n land_n in_o free_a tenandrie_n halden_a of_o the_o king_n and_o he_z their_o actual_a dwell_n and_o residence_n within_o the_o same_o schire_n etc._n etc._n i_o need_v give_v you_o no_o more_o of_o this_o act_n but_o i_o think_v it_o be_v most_o clear_a from_o this_o as_o well_o as_o the_o former_a act_n of_o parliament_n that_o the_o commons_o in_o scotland_n be_v only_o the_o king_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o be_v so_o at_o this_o day_n since_o none_o but_o they_o can_v either_o choose_v or_o be_v choose_v commissioner_n for_o the_o shire_n 17._o but_o as_o to_o the_o burough_n who_o do_v each_o of_o they_o send_v but_o one_o commissioner_n or_o burgess_n except_o the_o city_n of_o edinburgh_n which_o send_v two_o all_o which_o be_v choose_v by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o to_n now_o there_o be_v in_o scotland_n three_o sort_n of_o these_o burgh_n that_o be_v to_o say_v royal_a burgh_n burgh_n of_o regality_n and_o burgh_n of_o barony_n 100_o but_o only_o the_o royal_a burrough_n the_o burgi_n dominici_n regis_fw-la or_o qui_fw-fr de_fw-fr rege_fw-la tenent_n in_fw-la capite_fw-la send_v commissioner_n to_o parliament_n and_o be_v in_o number_n sixty_o to_o conclude_v that_o i_o may_v apply_v what_o have_v be_v say_v concern_v the_o constituent_a part_n of_o the_o scotish_n parliament_n to_o we_o ancient_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o that_o from_o the_o great_a affinity_n there_o be_v between_o we_o and_o they_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o our_o and_o their_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la be_v the_o same_o that_o be_v they_o be_v the_o small_a baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la f._n i_o can_v deny_v but_o that_o the_o parliament_n of_o scotland_n have_v for_o above_o these_o two_o hundred_o year_n consist_v of_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o temporal_a lord_n together_o with_o the_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o their_o representative_n the_o commissioner_n for_o shire_n and_o burgess_n of_o city_n and_o town_n till_o the_o reformation_n that_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n be_v quite_o take_v away_o though_o the_o former_a be_v restore_v to_o their_o place_n in_o parliament_n by_o a_o statute_n make_v in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o king_n james_n the_o first_o yet_o i_o can_v allow_v that_o from_o the_o begin_n of_o that_o government_n the_o scotch_a parliament_n have_v consist_v of_o no_o other_o member_n than_o those_o since_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la come_v as_o it_o do_v in_o these_o old_a statute_n and_o record_n i_o have_v now_o cite_v immediate_o after_o the_o praelati_fw-la comites_fw-la barones_n &_o milites_fw-la etc._n etc._n must_v signify_v a_o distinct_a order_n of_o man_n from_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la call_v in_o the_o statute_n of_o king_n james_n the_o first_o the_o small_a baron_n and_o since_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n though_o none_o of_o those_o baron_n be_v also_o comprehend_v under_o this_o communitas_fw-la and_o who_o you_o grant_v to_o make_v the_o three_o estate_n why_o this_o word_n may_v not_o comprehend_v all_o the_o other_o great_a freeholder_n i_o can_v see_v no_o reason_n to_o the_o contrary_n and_o therefore_o i_o suppose_v that_o in_o the_o reign_v of_o k._n david_n 2_o d._n or_o robert_n the_o 2_o d._n or_o else_o the_o beginning_n of_o robert_n the_o 3_o d._n there_o be_v a_o great_a alteration_n in_o the_o constituent_a part_n or_o member_n of_o the_o scottish_a parliament_n and_o about_o that_o time_n the_o chief_a freeholder_n or_o lord_n of_o manor_n who_o hold_v of_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o other_o temporal_a lord_n as_o well_o as_o of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o else_o of_o the_o king_n by_o petty_a serjeantry_n or_o socage_n tenure_n as_o also_o many_o of_o the_o small_a town_n or_o barony_n may_v either_o forbear_v come_v at_o all_o or_o else_o desire_v to_o be_v excuse_v because_o of_o the_o great_a trouble_n and_o charge_n of_o attendance_n as_o you_o see_v the_o small_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la afterward_o do_v when_o commissioner_n for_o shire_n be_v appoint_v in_o their_o stead_n and_o so_o may_v by_o degree_n leave_v off_o come_v or_o be_v exclude_v by_o some_o law_n not_o now_o extant_a and_o thus_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la may_v become_v the_o sole_a representative_n of_o the_o
i_o grant_v all_o the_o lesser_a baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v to_o be_v summonld_v by_o the_o sheriff_n to_o come_v to_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o king_n may_v have_v only_o call_v some_o of_o the_o great_a and_o wise_a of_o they_o and_o such_o as_o he_o think_v most_o fit_a to_o advise_v he_o in_o make_v law_n and_o impose_v tax_n upon_o the_o nation_n and_o the_o like_a prerogative_n his_o son_n henry_n the_o three_o resume_v during_o the_o great_a part_n of_o his_o reign_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o from_o divers_a old_a statute_n by_o and_o by_o p._n and_o that_o our_o king_n do_v often_o take_v upon_o they_o to_o call_v who_o they_o please_v and_o omit_v who_o they_o please_v of_o these_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la may_v appear_v by_o those_o who_o be_v call_v pares_fw-la baronum_fw-la or_o alios_fw-la magnates_fw-la who_o be_v put_v after_o the_o baron_n and_o of_o these_o there_o be_v many_o instance_n of_o their_o be_v call_v to_o parliament_n and_o again_o omit_v in_o several_a king_n reign_v after_o the_o commons_o be_v a_o three_o estate_n as_o represent_v as_o at_o this_o day_n f._n i_o must_v beg_v your_o pardon_n if_o i_o can_v come_v over_o to_o your_o opinion_n notwithstanding_o what_o you_o now_o have_v say_v since_o i_o do_v not_o find_v your_o reason_n to_o come_v up_o to_o what_o you_o intend_v therein_o for_o you_o only_o suppose_v but_o without_o any_o proof_n that_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la and_o communitas_fw-la must_v signify_v only_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la in_o the_o ancient_a scotish_n charter_n and_o statute_n all_o the_o argument_n you_o bring_v to_o the_o contrary_n be_v that_o i_o can_v show_v you_o any_o law_n by_o which_o it_o be_v alter_v to_o what_o it_o be_v now_o and_o therefore_o that_o the_o constitution_n have_v be_v always_o the_o same_o as_o at_o this_o day_n now_o pray_v consider_v whether_o this_o will_v not_o press_v altogether_o as_o hard_o upon_o you_o in_o relation_n to_o england_n for_o you_o can_v show_v i_o any_o law_n whereby_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v exclude_v here_o and_o knight_n of_o shire_n introduce_v in_o their_o flead_v and_o therefore_o by_o the_o same_o rule_n let_v the_o scottish_a parliament_n have_v be_v of_o what_o they_o will_v yet_o we_o have_v be_v still_o the_o same_o they_o be_v now_o but_o if_o you_o say_v that_o this_o contrary_a usage_n have_v be_v introduce_v either_o by_o the_o king_n prerogative_n or_o by_o the_o silent_a consent_n of_o the_o people_n or_o by_o some_o law_n that_o be_v now_o lose_v be_v not_o all_o the_o same_o argument_n to_o be_v make_v use_n of_o in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o scotish_n parliament_n which_o i_o may_v upon_o as_o good_a ground_n suppose_v to_o have_v deviate_v from_o their_o original_a constitution_n as_o you_o do_v that_o our_o english_a parliament_n have_v do_v it_o so_o that_o if_o those_o argument_n be_v of_o any_o weight_n they_o will_v serve_v for_o england_n as_o well_o as_o scotland_n but_o if_o they_o be_v not_o it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o make_v use_n of_o they_o at_o all_o the_o like_a i_o may_v say_v as_o to_o burrough_n in_o scotland_n since_o it_o be_v as_o easy_a to_o suppose_v that_o divers_a burrough_n in_o scotland_n may_v voluntary_o desist_v from_o send_v their_o deputy_n to_o parliament_n that_o do_v not_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o it_o be_v that_o divers_a burrough_n in_o england_n do_v petition_n to_o be_v exempt_v from_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o inability_n to_o pay_v the_o expense_n of_o their_o burgess_n as_o i_o can_v show_v you_o by_o divers_a precedent_n some_o of_o which_o be_v in_o print_n have_v i_o now_o time_n as_o for_o the_o rest_n of_o your_o discourse_n i_o can_v imagine_v to_o what_o it_o tend_v for_o if_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v any_o place_n in_o or_o right_o to_o come_v to_o parliament_n how_o come_v they_o to_o have_v it_o but_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a freehold_a estate_n they_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n and_o if_o so_o i_o can_v see_v no_o reason_n why_o those_o that_o have_v as_o good_a or_o better_a freehold_a estate_n than_o they_o shall_v be_v all_o exclude_v or_o why_o a_o small_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la of_o but_o one_o knight_n fee_fw-mi hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v give_v he_o a_o right_a to_o a_o place_n in_o parliament_n and_o get_v that_o a_o mesne_n tenant_n or_o vavasour_n as_o he_o be_v then_o call_v who_o hold_v ten_o knight_n fee_n of_o some_o bishop_n or_o abbot_n who_o perhaps_o do_v not_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la at_o all_o shall_v have_v no_o right_n of_o appear_v there_o nor_o of_o choose_v any_o representative_a for_o he_o since_o notwithstanding_o all_o you_o have_v now_o say_v the_o doctor_n either_o contradict_v himself_o 68_o or_o you_o when_o he_o tell_v we_o express_o in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v no_o baron_n represent_v only_o themselves_o and_o not_o the_o commons_o but_o how_o this_o will_v agree_v with_o what_o he_o say_v in_o his_o introduction_n that_o the_o body_n of_o the_o commons_o have_v no_o share_n in_o make_v law_n etc._n etc._n before_o 49_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o unless_o they_o be_v represent_v by_o thd_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o if_o so_o must_v then_o certain_o represent_v those_o that_o he_o here_o call_v the_o body_n of_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n collective_o take_v but_o as_o for_o your_o notion_n of_o the_o parliament_n be_v the_o king_n court_n baron_n though_o you_o have_v borrow_v it_o of_o a_o learned_a scotch_a lawyer_n sir_n george_n meâ—â—ensy_n yet_o let_v i_o tell_v you_o it_o be_v never_o true_a for_o it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o the_o great_a or_o common_a council_n both_o in_o england_n and_o scotland_n be_v much_o more_o ancient_a than_o the_o tennre_n of_o land_n by_o knight_n service_n or_o then_o the_o very_a institution_n of_o manor_n in_o this_o kingdom_n which_o the_o doctor_n tell_v we_o be_v of_o no_o high_a a_o original_n than_o the_o norman_a conquest_n but_o admit_v i_o shall_v allow_v your_o notion_n of_o the_o parliament_n be_v ancient_o the_o king_n court_n baron_n then_o certain_o all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v a_o right_a to_o appear_v there_o and_o to_o be_v not_o only_a suitor_n but_o judge_n of_o all_o difference_n arise_v among_o the_o tenant_n in_o the_o lord_n court_n where_o neither_o the_o lord_n himself_o nor_o his_o steward_n be_v judge_n and_o that_o of_o right_n and_o not_o by_o savour_n whereas_o you_o suppose_v such_o a_o courtbaron_n as_o be_v never_o hear_v of_o where_o the_o lord_n can_v admit_v or_o exclude_v who_o of_o his_o tenant_n he_o please_v to_o which_o if_o they_o have_v a_o right_a ratione_fw-la tenurae_fw-la certain_o he_o can_v never_o do_v so_o that_o instead_o of_o a_o courtbaron_n and_o a_o common_a council_n according_a to_o king_n john_n charter_n whereby_o all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v to_o be_v summon_v to_o this_o council_n or_o pretend_a court_n baron_n you_o suppose_v the_o king_n still_o retain_v a_o prerogative_n of_o call_v or_o omit_v who_o he_o please_v which_o instead_o of_o confirm_v the_o validity_n of_o the_o charter_n and_o that_o it_o be_v to_o be_v a_o rule_n how_o such_o council_n shall_v be_v call_v for_o the_o future_a you_o make_v to_o signify_v just_a nothing_o and_o that_o no_o common_a council_n be_v ever_o call_v according_a to_o that_o model_n but_o pray_v show_v i_o a_o courtbaron_n wherein_o the_o tenant_n ever_o take_v upon_o themselves_o a_o power_n of_o give_v tax_n out_o of_o their_o estate_n that_o do_v not_o hold_v of_o the_o manor_n though_o they_o be_v resident_a within_o it_o but_o indeed_o you_o be_v out_o in_o the_o whole_a matter_n for_o the_o doctor_n himself_o grant_v in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n when_o he_o give_v we_o king_n john_n letter_n of_o summons_n to_o a_o council_n direct_v to_o the_o baron_n and_o knight_n and_o as_o he_o translate_v eidelibus_fw-la feudatory_n or_o vassal_n of_o all_o england_n wherein_o he_o let_v they_o know_v 40._o that_o he_o have_v send_v his_o letter_n to_o every_o one_o of_o they_o if_o it_o may_v have_v be_v do_v now_o what_o reason_n have_v he_o to_o write_v thus_o if_o these_o gentleman_n have_v no_o right_a to_o be_v consult_v or_o that_o the_o king_n may_v have_v call_v or_o leave_v out_o who_o of_o they_o he_o please_v but_o the_o baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v in_o another_o mind_n when_o in_o the_o 37th_o of_o king_n hen._n iii_o as_o mar._n paris_n tell_v we_o they_o refuse_v to_o act_n or_o proceed_v upon_o any_o thing_n
a_o few_o and_o for_o the_o great_a part_n but_o one_o in_o each_o year_n never_o but_o two_o in_o any_o year_n in_o all_o this_o long_a reign_n unless_o it_o be_v the_o 39th_o in_o which_o there_o be_v four_o which_o be_v very_o strange_a that_o in_o so_o busy_a a_o time_n as_o most_o of_o this_o king_n reign_n be_v there_o shall_v be_v no_o more_o roll_n leave_v and_o therefore_o it_o seem_v very_o probable_a that_o at_o least_o half_a be_v lose_v and_o in_o which_o may_v be_v many_o summons_n as_o well_o to_o the_o commons_o as_o to_o the_o lord_n and_o if_o they_o be_v not_o lose_v pray_v tell_v i_o what_o be_v become_v of_o all_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o your_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o certain_o often_o meet_v in_o this_o long_a reign_n according_a to_o king_n john_n charter_n but_o if_o you_o will_v tell_v i_o they_o be_v lose_v or_o omit_v to_o be_v enter_v upon_o the_o close_a roll_n i_o may_v with_o like_a reason_n and_o certainty_n affirm_v the_o same_o of_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o the_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n for_o if_o the_o one_o may_v be_v lose_v sure_o the_o other_o may_v be_v so_o too_o but_o what_o if_o after_o all_o these_o writ_n you_o have_v produce_v be_v not_o any_o summons_n to_o a_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n at_o all_o but_o only_o to_o a_o great_a council_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la which_o i_o have_v great_a reason_n to_o believe_v not_o only_o because_o the_o title_n to_o the_o last_o writ_n be_v only_o summonitio_fw-la ad_fw-la concilium_fw-la and_o not_o commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la regni_fw-la but_o also_o because_o mr._n selden_n and_o mr._n pryn_n who_o certain_o must_v have_v see_v all_o these_o writ_n as_o well_o as_o the_o doctor_n and_o be_v as_o able_a to_o judge_n of_o they_o never_o cite_v they_o for_o summons_n to_o parliament_n and_o mr._n pryn_n observe_v of_o several_a writ_n in_o which_o the_o like_a word_n of_o summon_v the_o lord_n to_o give_v their_o advice_n be_v likewise_o find_v that_o they_o be_v only_o to_o such_o council_n or_o treatise_n which_o be_v frequent_o use_v as_o low_a as_o the_o reign_n of_o richard_n ii_o but_o if_o these_o writ_n have_v be_v summons_n to_o parliament_n sure_a mr._n selden_n and_o mr._n pryn_n have_v no_o reason_n to_o bewail_v as_o they_o so_o often_o do_v the_o loss_n of_o not_o only_o of_o parliament_n roll_n but_o of_o all_o writ_n of_o summons_n both_o to_o lord_n and_o commons_o except_o those_o of_o 49th_o hen._n iii_o till_o the_o 23d_o of_o edw._n i._n but_o pray_v go_v on_o if_o you_o please_v to_o make_v good_a the_o rest_n of_o the_o position_n you_o have_v now_o lay_v down_o m._n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o show_v you_o though_o it_o be_v true_a most_o of_o our_o parliament_n roll_n be_v lose_v both_o from_o our_o ancient_a historian_n and_o statute_n that_o there_o be_v no_o commons_o in_o any_o parliament_n during_o all_o the_o long_a reign_n of_o king_n hen._n iii_o except_v in_o the_o 49th_o of_o that_o king_n i_o shall_v begin_v with_o the_o first_o act_n of_o parliament_n we_o have_v of_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n iii_o which_o be_v make_v in_o the_o 20_o of_o this_o king_n at_o merton_n where_o though_o it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v provide_v and_o grant_v as_o well_o by_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n earls_z baron_n as_o other_o yet_o the_o word_n &_o aliis_fw-la and_o other_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la distinct_a from_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v f._n i_o shall_v answer_v your_o authority_n as_o you_o go_v you_o may_v say_v you_o have_v prove_v it_o but_o i_o know_v not_o when_o and_o why_o may_v not_o i_o with_o as_o good_a a_o face_n maintain_v that_o these_o word_n &_o aliis_fw-la do_v here_o signify_v the_o commons_o if_o the_o word_n baron_n must_v take_v in_o all_o the_o great_a lord_n and_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o sometime_o you_o suppose_v it_o do_v when_o no_o other_o lay-member_n be_v mention_v but_o i_o have_v already_o observe_v that_o this_o barones_n be_v a_o cheveral_a word_n and_o to_o be_v stretch_v or_o contract_v as_o best_a suit_n with_o your_o hypothesis_n so_o i_o think_v i_o may_v with_o great_a reason_n suppose_v the_o earl_n and_o baron_n to_o be_v all_o comprehend_v under_o the_o word_n barones_n and_o the_o commons_o under_o aliis_fw-la as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v and_o which_o be_v also_o most_o suitable_a to_o the_o last_o clause_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la of_o king_n henry_n iii_o but_o you_o forget_v that_o i_o have_v i_o think_v sufficient_o make_v out_o that_o the_o commons_o have_v their_o representative_n both_o at_o the_o make_n and_o confirm_v of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la in_o 2d_o and_o 9th_o of_o henry_n iii_o and_o therefore_o whatever_o proof_n you_o bring_v to_o the_o contrary_a will_v come_v to_o late_o though_o i_o shall_v patient_o hear_v what_o you_o have_v to_o 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to_o this_o parliament_n i_o conceive_v it_o be_v not_o out_o of_o any_o jealousy_n or_o suspicion_n in_o simon_n monfort_n of_o those_o who_o be_v then_o his_o fast_a friend_n but_o out_o of_o pure_a carelessness_n or_o omission_n of_o the_o clerk_n who_o i_o suppose_v through_o haste_n inadvertency_n or_o multiplicity_n of_o business_n omit_v to_o enter_v the_o name_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o earl_n bishop_n and_o baron_n to_o who_o writ_n of_o summons_n be_v likewise_o send_v and_o that_o i_o do_v not_o speak_v without_o book_n i_o appeal_v to_o the_o record_n itself_o where_o there_o be_v a_o blank_a space_n leave_v unfilled_a of_o about_o four_o inch_n breadth_n which_o can_v be_v leave_v for_o no_o other_o end_n than_o to_o add_v the_o name_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n who_o be_v certain_o summon_v to_o that_o parliament_n as_o well_o as_o those_o who_o name_n be_v there_o express_v m._n i_o shall_v not_o long_o dispute_v this_o point_n but_o i_o think_v you_o must_v grant_v that_o the_o commons_o be_v never_o mention_v in_o any_o record_n or_o statute_n of_o this_o king_n for_o after_o his_o victory_n at_o evesham_n he_o call_v a_o parliament_n at_o winchester_n whereto_o we_o do_v not_o find_v any_o commons_o summon_v as_o before_o but_o the_o king_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o magnates_n alone_a seize_v the_o liberty_n of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n and_o also_o they_o give_v he_o all_o the_o land_n of_o the_o late_a rebel_n and_o then_o there_o be_v after_o this_o a_o parliament_n summon_v at_o kenelworth_n in_o the_o 50_o the_o of_o this_o king_n where_o it_o be_v agree_v by_o the_o common_a assent_n of_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n prior_n earl_n baron_n and_o all_o other_o that_o six_o person_n who_o be_v all_o except_o one_o either_o bishop_n or_o baron_n shall_v choose_v six_o other_o and_o the_o whole_a twelve_o be_v to_o judge_v concern_v those_o who_o be_v disinherit_v for_o their_o late_a rebellion_n and_o 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commons_o be_v now_o summon_v neither_o be_v there_o any_o reason_n to_o believe_v the_o contrary_a since_o if_o it_o be_v a_o cunning_a invention_n of_o montfort_n to_o summon_v the_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n to_o abate_v the_o power_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la it_o be_v sure_a as_o good_a policy_n for_o this_o king_n to_o continue_v so_o politic_a a_o institution_n which_o will_v for_o the_o future_a serve_v for_o so_o good_a a_o balance_n not_o only_o against_o his_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o his_o great_a lord_n also_o as_o for_o the_o parliament_n at_o kenelworth_n i_o shall_v admit_v all_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n to_o be_v true_a as_o you_o have_v relate_v it_o from_o mat._n westminster_n who_o say_v that_o the_o twelve_o commissioner_n appoint_v to_o draw_v up_o the_o statute_n of_o kenelworth_n be_v choose_v de_fw-la potentioribus_fw-la procerum_fw-la &_o prudentioribus_fw-la praelatorum_fw-la and_o also_o that_o the_o french_a record_n cite_v 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make_v it_o out_o better_o than_o you_o have_v do_v i_o must_v beg_v your_o pardon_n if_o i_o keep_v my_o old_a opinion_n and_o if_o your_o argument_n be_v good_a that_o no_o commoner_n be_v there_o because_o none_o of_o they_o be_v choose_v commissioner_n then_o by_o the_o same_o argument_n none_o of_o the_o small_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v there_o neither_o because_o none_o under_o the_o degree_n of_o a_o earl_n or_o baron_n be_v elect_v as_o for_o the_o want_n of_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o these_o parliament_n if_o that_o be_v to_o be_v the_o rule_n that_o make_v as_o much_o against_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v no_o baron_n nay_o the_o very_a bishop_n and_o abbot_n and_o lord_n since_o there_o be_v no_o writ_n of_o summons_n find_v for_o their_o appearance_n at_o either_o of_o these_o parliament_n and_o so_o the_o king_n may_v call_v who_o he_o please_v m._n in_o the_o first_o place_n it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o because_o montfort_n have_v summon_v some_o of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la to_o appear_v for_o all_o the_o rest_n and_o that_o he_o also_o call_v some_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n to_o this_o parliament_n of_o the_o 49_o the_o yet_o the_o king_n may_v have_v very_o good_a reason_n though_o we_o can_v now_o positive_o tell_v what_o they_o be_v nor_o to_o follow_v this_o new_a invention_n of_o monfort_n however_o it_o may_v then_o serve_v the_o turn_n for_o perhaps_o the_o king_n do_v not_o like_o it_o because_o introduce_v by_o a_o rebel_n and_o he_o have_v also_o by_o his_o victory_n at_o evesham_n so_o quell_v the_o power_n of_o the_o great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la that_o i_o believe_v he_o be_v afterward_o able_a to_o call_v or_o omit_v who_o of_o they_o he_o please_v according_a to_o the_o testimony_n of_o mr._n cambden_n nameless_a manuscript_n author_n cite_v in_o his_o brittania_n that_o after_o the_o horrid_a trouble_n and_o confusion_n of_o the_o baron_n war_n only_o those_o earl_n and_o baron_n quibus_fw-la rex_fw-la dignatus_fw-la est_fw-la brevia_fw-la summonitionis_fw-la dirigere_fw-la venirent_fw-la ad_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la suum_fw-la &_o non_fw-la alii_fw-la and_o that_o this_o be_v true_a in_o matter_n of_o fact_n i_o shall_v prove_v from_o the_o next_o statute_n of_o hen._n 3._o which_o be_v extant_a viz._n that_o of_o maâ—lâ—bridge_n 145._o make_v in_o the_o 52_o d._n year_n of_o this_o king_n to_o which_o there_o be_v no_o more_o summon_v than_o some_o of_o the_o more_o discreet_a of_o the_o great_a and_o lessâ—r_a baron_n as_o appear_v by_o these_o word_n in_o the_o preface_n to_o that_o statute_n convocatis_fw-la discretioribus_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la regni_fw-la tam_fw-la majoribus_fw-la quam_fw-la minoribus_fw-la brovisum_fw-la est_fw-la &_o statutum_n ac_fw-la concordatum_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v do_v by_o the_o king_n
england_n at_o this_o day_n m._n i_o shall_v not_o far_o dispute_v this_o matter_n at_o this_o time_n therefore_o pray_v go_v on_o to_o the_o rest_n of_o your_o authority_n out_o of_o our_o english_a historian_n prove_v that_o any_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n appear_v in_o parliament_n before_o the_o time_n we_o allow_v they_o to_o have_v be_v there_o f._n though_o i_o think_v i_o have_v sufficient_o at_o our_o last_o meet_v from_o the_o charter_n of_o king_n john_n and_o henry_n the_o 3_o d_o as_o also_o from_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la and_o le_fw-fr commune_fw-la that_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n consist_v of_o many_o more_o member_n than_o your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la yet_o to_o let_v you_o see_v that_o the_o historian_n and_o armalist_n of_o those_o time_n do_v comprehend_v all_o the_o several_a order_n under_o the_o general_a title_n of_o clerus_fw-la and_o populus_fw-la or_o magnate_v and_o proceres_fw-la you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o chron._n of_o thom._n wike_n a._n d._n 1237._o where_o it_o be_v only_o say_v in_o general_a that_o the_o clerus_fw-la and_o populus_fw-la regni_fw-la do_v in_o that_o year_n be_v the_o 9_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o 3_o d_o grant_v the_o king_n a_o 30_o the_o of_o all_o their_o movable_n for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la and_o which_o be_v more_o remarkable_a the_o parliament_n which_o be_v hold_v in_o 1264._o be_v 49_o the_o of_o this_o king_n be_v only_o thus_o mention_v by_o this_o author_n in_o a_o historical_a way_n transacto_fw-la siquidem_fw-la viceâ—mo_fw-la die_fw-la nâ—tivitatis_fw-la dominicae_fw-la sacta_fw-la est_fw-la london_n pes_fw-la comitem_fw-la seil_fw-fr leyeestriae_fw-la convocatio_fw-la non_fw-la minima_fw-la procerum_fw-la anglicorum_n etc._n etc._n where_o in_o the_o annal_n of_o waverly_n in_o this_o year_n it_o be_v only_o say_v factum_fw-la est_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la magnum_fw-la londonia_n etc._n etc._n now_o pray_v observe_v that_o either_o the_o commons_o be_v mention_v by_o wike_n under_o the_o name_n of_o proceres_fw-la or_o not_o at_o all_o and_o that_o under_o the_o word_n parliamentum_fw-la the_o commons_o be_v then_o comprehend_v appear_v by_o the_o agreement_n between_o the_o king_n and_o the_o baron_n there_o extant_a 217._o which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v make_v de_fw-fr unanimi_fw-la assensu_fw-la &_o voluntate_fw-la nostra_fw-la sâ—ili_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la filii_fw-la nostri_fw-la praeletorum_fw-la vomitum_fw-la &_o baronum_n &_o communitatis_fw-la dicti_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la now_o it_o must_v be_v grant_v since_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n of_o 49_o h._n 3._o that_o the_o commons_o be_v there_o and_o consequent_o must_v be_v comprehend_v under_o this_o phrase_n of_o communitatis_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o if_o this_o have_v be_v the_o first_o time_n they_o have_v be_v summon_v it_o be_v strange_a none_o of_o these_o author_n shall_v take_v any_o notice_n of_o so_o remarkable_a a_o alteration_n and_o change_v of_o the_o constituent_a part_n of_o our_o english_a parliament_n but_o that_o the_o knight_n citizen_n and_o bâ—rgesses_n be_v also_o summon_v in_o the_o next_o year_n in_o a_o parliament_n of_o the_o 50_o the_o of_o this_o king_n you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o say_a wike_n chronicle_n 8â—_n ann._n dom._n 1265._o where_o he_o set_v down_o all_o the_o constituent_a estate_n of_o parliament_n which_o be_v summon_v to_o meet_v at_o westminster_n at_o the_o translation_n of_o st._n edward_n relic_n in_o these_o word_n convocatis_fw-la universis_fw-la angliae_fw-la praelatis_fw-la &_o magnatibus_fw-la nec_fw-la non_fw-la cunctarum_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la civitatum_fw-la paritir_n &_o burgorum_n potentioribus_fw-la ut_fw-la translationis_fw-la solemnia_fw-la celebrius_fw-la illustrarent_fw-la wherethe_v knight_n of_o shire_n be_v comprehend_v under_o magnates_n and_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n be_v here_o style_v potentiores_fw-la civitatum_fw-la &_o burgorum_n and_o that_o this_o be_v not_o only_o for_o a_o mere_a ceremony_n but_o for_o parliament_n business_n also_o see_v the_o next_o page_n where_o he_o tell_v we_o celebratae_fw-la tundem_fw-la tuntae_fw-la translationis_fw-la solemnitate_fw-la â—â—perunt_fw-la nobiles_fw-la i._n e._n all_o the_o estate_n above_o mention_v ut_fw-la assolent_fw-la parliamentationis_fw-la genere_fw-la de_fw-la regis_fw-la &_o regni_fw-la negotiis_fw-la pertracture_n etc._n etc._n and_o in_o which_o parliament_n the_o king_n so_o far_o prevail_v as_o to_o obtain_v a_o 20_o the_o part_n of_o all_o movable_a good_n of_o the_o laity_n and_o yet_o the_o continuator_fw-la of_o mat._n paris_n in_o the_o affair_n of_o this_o year_n take_v no_o notice_n of_o this_o parliament_n but_o only_o say_v in_o general_n that_o st._n edward_n body_n be_v this_o year_n translate_v into_o its_o new_a shrine_n and_o the_o annal_n of_o waverly_n print_v in_o the_o same_o volume_n under_o this_o 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that_o time_n but_o to_o prove_v further_o that_o it_o be_v not_o likely_a there_o be_v any_o alteration_n in_o the_o constituent_a part_n of_o the_o parliament_n from_o what_o it_o be_v in_o the_o 49_o the_o may_v appear_v by_o his_o writ_n still_o extant_a among_o the_o parent_n roll_v of_o the_o 54_o the_o of_o this_o king_n 7._o where_o it_o be_v express_o recite_v that_o it_o not_o seem_v safe_a to_o the_o praelatis_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la &_o communicati_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la that_o both_o himself_o and_o his_o son_n prince_n edward_n shall_v be_v both_o out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n at_o once_o in_o the_o holy_a land_n and_o that_o therefore_o he_o give_v the_o whole_a subsidy_n of_o a_o 20_o the_o grant_v he_o by_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n to_o his_o say_a son_n and_o that_o it_o continue_v so_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o edward_n the_o fir_v reign_v appear_v by_o a_o protestation_n in_o the_o 4_o the_o of_o this_o king_n as_o it_o be_v find_v in_o the_o patent_n roll_n wherein_o he_o recite_v a_o 15_o the_o to_o have_v be_v grant_v he_o of_o all_o movable_n by_o the_o comites_fw-la barones_n ac_fw-la alii_fw-la magnates_fw-la &_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la so_o that_o unless_o the_o sense_n of_o these_o word_n communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la must_v alter_v every_o year_n there_o be_v no_o reason_n for_o we_o to_o believe_v any_o change_n to_o have_v be_v in_o the_o constituent_a part_n of_o parliament_n since_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o 3_o d._n this_o i_o think_v may_v be_v sufficient_a to_o show_v you_o that_o before_o the_o time_n you_o mention_v nor_o only_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n but_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n do_v appear_v in_o parliament_n both_o before_o your_o 49_o the_o of_o henry_n 3_o d_o and_o 18_o the_o of_o edward_n 1_n m._n i_o believe_v the_o commons_o may_v be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o general_a word_n magnate_v &_o proceres_fw-la by_o wikes_n chronicle_n in_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o 3_o d_o or_o else_o not_o be_v mention_v at_o all_o which_o i_o rather_o incline_v to_o believe_v and_o i_o must_v also_o confess_v that_o the_o other_o passage_n out_o of_o the_o same_o author_n concern_v the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n be_v summon_v either_o to_o a_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o 3_o d_o be_v more_o than_o i_o before_o ever_o take_v notice_n of_o yet_o since_o this_o author_n do_v not_o tell_v we_o whether_o it_o be_v to_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o nor_o how_o many_o of_o they_o be_v there_o whether_o one_o only_o or_o more_o for_o each_o city_n and_o burrough_n town_n or_o whether_o they_o be_v elect_v by_o the_o people_n or_o nominate_v by_o the_o king_n to_o appear_v there_o do_v not_o appear_v from_o this_o author_n but_o as_o for_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la mention_v in_o the_o agreement_n of_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o henry_n 3_o d_o though_o it_o may_v signify_v the_o body_n of_o the_o commons_o 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what'were_v the_o commons_o of_o england_n as_o now_o represent_v by_o knight_n and_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n ever_o a_o essential_a constituent_a part_n of_o the_o parliament_n from_o eternity_n before_o man_n be_v create_v or_o have_v they_o be_v so_o ever_o since_o adam_n or_o ever_o since_o england_n be_v people_v or_o ever_o since_o the_o britain_n roman_n and_o saxon_n inhabit_v this_o island_n certain_o there_o be_v a_o time_n when_o they_o begin_v to_o be_v so_o represent_v and_o that_o be_v the_o question_n between_o we_o concern_v which_o whether_o you_o or_o myself_o be_v in_o the_o right_n i_o dare_v leave_v to_o any_o impartial_a judge_n f._n but_o notwithstanding_o your_o drs._n answer_n i_o think_v under_o favour_n the_o king_n and_o lord_n do_v here_o allow_v the_o substance_n of_o this_o petition_n or_o claim_v as_o the_o main_a ground_n and_o foundation_n on_o which_o it_o be_v build_v viz._n that_o the_o commons_o have_v ever_o be_v member_n of_o parliament_n and_o 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so_o to_o do_v and_o therefore_o pray_v that_o they_o may_v improve_v their_o say_a manor_n etc._n etc._n to_o which_o petition_v it_o be_v answer_v by_o the_o king_n and_o his_o learned_a council_n in_o parliament_n that_o this_o can_v not_o be_v do_v without_o a_o new_a law_n to_o do_v which_o the_o commonalty_n of_o the_o land_n will_v never_o assent_v and_o conclude_v infra_fw-la coram_fw-la rege_fw-la from_o whence_o i_o make_v these_o observation_n that_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n do_v here_o declare_v it_o as_o the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o england_n that_o no_o new_a law_n can_v then_o be_v without_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o commons_o or_o commonalty_n of_o the_o land_n and_o also_o that_o this_o commonalty_n be_v a_o distinct_a body_n from_o the_o commonalty_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la before_o mention_v and_o beside_o this_o i_o can_v show_v you_o divers_a precedent_n to_o the_o same_o purpose_n and_o particular_o a_o declaration_n or_o protestation_n 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of_o this_o i_o shall_v proceed_v with_o the_o early_a instance_n of_o this_o kind_n after_o the_o conquest_n viz._n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n richard_n the_o first_o during_o who_o absence_n in_o the_o holy_a land_n he_o have_v commit_v the_o government_n of_o his_o kingdom_n to_o william_n bishop_n of_o ely_n 399._o who_o abuse_v his_o power_n by_o a_o arbitrary_a and_o insolent_a carriage_n affront_a and_o oppress_v john_n earl_n of_o morton_n the_o king_n be_v own_o brother_n and_o geoffry_n archbishop_n of_o york_n the_o king_n be_v base_a brother_n whereupon_o they_o rise_v up_o against_o he_o and_o have_v the_o bishop_n the_o earl_n and_o baron_n of_o their_o side_n appoint_v the_o say_a bishop_n a_o day_n to_o answer_v to_o his_o crime_n in_o the_o king_n court_n or_o great_a council_n of_o the_o bishop_n lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la then_o call_v curia_fw-la regis_fw-la where_o when_o he_o refuse_v to_o appear_v they_o all_o with_o one_o consent_n come_v to_o 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the_o pope_n think_v the_o king_n 166._o hardly_o deal_v withal_o in_o this_o matter_n so_o that_o he_o give_v audience_n to_o the_o king_n ambassador_n concern_v the_o rebellion_n and_o injury_n which_o the_o baron_n of_o england_n have_v commit_v against_o their_o king_n and_o that_o upon_o a_o solemn_a hear_n of_o the_o whole_a business_n and_o after_o a_o consultation_n with_o his_o cardinal_n he_o do_v as_o supreme_a lord_n of_o engâ—and_n after_o king_n john_n resignation_n of_o his_o crown_n to_o he_o by_o his_o bull_n then_o publish_v make_v void_a the_o say_v great_a charter_n of_o liberty_n and_o forest_n and_o condemn_v all_o the_o baron_n proceed_n as_o against_o their_o duty_n and_o allegiance_n to_o the_o king_n their_o sovereign_a lord_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v this_o be_v not_o approve_v of_o any_o where_o but_o by_o the_o actor_n the_o pope_n thereupon_o excommunicate_v the_o baron_n and_o suspend_v the_o archbishop_n of_o caâ—terbury_n for_o join_v with_o they_o f._n 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from_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n but_o that_o this_o bull_n of_o the_o pope_n be_v contrary_a to_o the_o king_n be_v own_o express_a act_n and_o agreement_n appear_v plain_o by_o that_o clause_n which_o be_v still_o to_o be_v find_v in_o a_o charter_n under_o the_o seal_n of_o this_o king_n and_o which_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v the_o head_n of_o the_o great_a charter_n according_a to_o which_o it_o be_v draw_v into_o the_o form_n we_o now_o find_v it_o in_o mat._n paris_n in_o which_o it_o be_v express_o provide_v and_o grant_v by_o the_o say_a king_n that_o in_o case_n he_o shall_v go_v about_o to_o break_v or_o infringe_v any_o clause_n in_o the_o say_a charter_n and_o shall_v not_o amend_v it_o within_o the_o space_n of_o forty_o day_n that_o then_o iâ—li_n barones_n cum_fw-la communia_fw-la totius_fw-la terrae_fw-la distringent_fw-la &_o gravabunt_fw-la nos_fw-la modis_fw-la omnibus_fw-la quibus_fw-la poverint_fw-la aut_fw-la scil_n per_fw-la captionem_fw-la castrorum_fw-la terrarum_fw-la possessionum_fw-la &_o aliis_fw-la modis_fw-la quibus_fw-la potuerint_fw-la donec_fw-la fuerit_fw-la emendatum_fw-la secundum_fw-la arbitrium_fw-la eorum_fw-la salva_fw-la persona_fw-la nostra_fw-la &_o reginâ—e_fw-la nostra_fw-la &_o liberorum_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la &_o cum_fw-la â—uerit_fw-la emendatum_fw-la intendent_a nobis_fw-la sient_fw-la prius_fw-la fecerunt_fw-la so_o that_o you_o see_v here_o in_o the_o judgement_n even_o of_o the_o king_n himself_o they_o may_v free_o resist_v and_o take_v up_o arm_n against_o he_o till_o he_o make_v good_a every_o article_n of_o these_o charter_n if_o violate_v and_o be_v not_o to_o return_v to_o their_o obedience_n till_o it_o be_v amend_v and_o the_o like_a clause_n almost_o word_n for_o word_n be_v also_o to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o great_a charter_n publish_v in_o mat._n paris_n 261._o m._n i_o grant_v the_o clause_n be_v there_o as_o
you_o quote_v it_o yet_o i_o much_o doubt_v whether_o it_o be_v of_o any_o validity_n be_v no_o doubt_n draw_v up_o by_o the_o baron_n then_o in_o arm_n and_o which_o the_o king_n dare_v not_o at_o that_o time_n refuse_v and_o so_o he_o be_v indeed_o under_o a_o kind_n of_o duress_n when_o he_o do_v it_o and_o beside_o pray_v mark_v the_o conclusion_n of_o this_o clause_n this_o resistance_n be_v to_o be_v salva_n persona_fw-la nostra_fw-la &_o reginae_fw-la nostrae_fw-la &_o liberorum_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la cum_fw-la fuerit_fw-la emendatum_fw-la intendent_a nos_fw-la sicut_fw-la prius_fw-la fecerunt_fw-la now_o how_o this_o security_n here_o reserve_v for_o the_o king_n person_n can_v consist_v with_o that_o open_a war_n the_o baron_n make_v afterward_o against_o his_o very_a person_n and_o cast_v off_o all_o their_o allegiance_n to_o their_o natural_a prince_n and_o call_v in_o prince_n lewis_n son_n to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n i_o can_v understand_v f._n i_o think_v all_o this_o 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resistance_n that_o be_v make_v by_o almost_o all_o the_o bishop_n baron_n and_o great_a man_n of_o england_n against_o his_o son_n henry_n the_o three_o about_o the_o frequent_a and_o notorious_a violation_n of_o the_o great_a charter_n which_o his_o father_n and_o himself_o have_v so_o often_o swear_v to_o and_o confirm_v and_o for_o which_o he_o have_v receive_v such_o great_a benevolence_n and_o subsidy_n from_o the_o nation_n m._n before_o i_o answer_v this_o question_n pray_v take_v notice_n that_o i_o be_o not_o at_o all_o satisfy_v with_o your_o argument_n that_o when_o ever_o subject_n shall_v think_v themselves_o injure_v and_o oppress_v by_o their_o sovereign_n that_o then_o they_o may_v cast_v off_o their_o allegiance_n to_o they_o if_o they_o can_v have_v the_o remedy_n they_o desire_v since_o this_o be_v to_o make_v they_o both_o judge_n and_o party_n too_o in_o their_o own_o cause_n which_o be_v altogether_o unjust_a and_o unreasonable_a between_o private_a man_n much_o 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resistance_n as_o you_o term_v it_o of_o subject_n against_o their_o lawful_a sovereign_n f._n for_o all_o this_o i_o can_v find_v that_o the_o king_n of_o france_n do_v then_o at_o all_o condemn_v this_o defence_n the_o earl_n and_o baron_n have_v before_o make_v of_o the_o liberty_n grant_v they_o by_o the_o great_a charter_n for_o though_o he_o restore_v the_o king_n to_o his_o former_a power_n by_o avoid_v the_o oxford_n provision_n yet_o at_o the_o same_o time_n when_o this_o be_v do_v 992._o as_o the_o continuator_fw-la of_o mat._n paris_n tell_v we_o he_o express_o except_v the_o ancient_a charter_n of_o king_n john_n vniversâ—li_n seil_fw-fr angliae_fw-la concessae_fw-la and_o from_o which_o per_fw-la illam_fw-la sententiam_fw-la in_o nullo_n intendibat_fw-la penâ—tus_fw-la derogare_fw-la and_o if_o he_o do_v not_o in_o the_o least_o intend_v to_o derogate_v from_o they_o he_o can_v not_o with_o any_o justice_n condemn_v the_o only_a mean_n the_o baron_n have_v to_o maintain_v they_o after_o so_o many_o trial_n and_o fresh_a promise_n and_o oath_n of_o this_o fickle_a inconstant_a king_n all_o break_a and_o lay_v aside_o so_o that_o you_o may_v as_o well_o or_o better_o allege_v the_o pope_n shameful_a absolution_n of_o this_o king_n from_o this_o oath_n he_o have_v make_v to_o observe_v the_o great_a charter_n as_o a_o argument_n why_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v any_o long_o bind_v by_o they_o nor_o the_o baron_n oblige_v to_o defend_v they_o as_o this_o sentence_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n to_o render_v the_o resistance_n the_o baron_n have_v make_v in_o defence_n of_o the_o great_a charter_n to_o be_v unlawful_a and_o that_o king_n henry_n himself_o do_v afterward_o allow_v this_o resistance_n for_o good_a and_o lawful_a pray_v see_v the_o agreement_n which_o be_v not_o long_o after_o make_v in_o full_a parliament_n 5._o in_o the_o 49th_o between_o the_o king_n the_o prince_n and_o all_o the_o prelate_n earl_n and_o baron_n of_o england_n whereby_o he_o oblige_v himself_o to_o observe_v all_o the_o article_n and_o ordinance_n which_o have_v be_v before_o agree_v upon_o at_o london_n in_o the_o 48th_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n and_o then_o follow_v this_o clause_n in_o the_o record_n which_o the_o doctor_n himself_o have_v print_v in_o his_o appendix_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o first_o volume_n of_o his_o introduction_n to_o english_a history_n which_o i_o shall_v here_o translate_v out_o of_o french_a because_o it_o be_v very_o old_a and_o obscure_a it_o be_v thus_o and_o if_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n or_o mounseur_fw-fr edward_n viz._n the_o prince_n shall_v go_v against_o the_o peace_n and_o ordinance_n aforesaid_a or_o shall_v grieve_v the_o earl_n of_o leicester_n or_o gloucester_n or_o any_o of_o their_o party_n by_o reason_n of_o any_o of_o the_o thing_n aforesaid_a that_o then_o the_o great_a man_n and_o commons_o of_o the_o land_n
in_o french_a hauz_fw-fr homes_n &_o comun_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr terre_fw-fr shall_v rise_v against_o they_o to_o grieve_v they_o to_o the_o utmost_a of_o their_o power_n and_o shall_v be_v obedient_a to_o they_o in_o nothing_o and_o in_o do_v all_o thing_n as_o if_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o they_o in_o nothing_o until_o these_o thing_n shall_v be_v amend_v and_o maintain_v according_a to_o the_o ordinance_n of_o the_o peace_n aforesaid_a and_o to_o this_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n and_o mounseur_fw-fr edward_n and_o the_o great_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v swear_v upon_o the_o holy_a gospel_n to_o keep_v and_o maintain_v the_o thing_n aforesaid_a and_o with_o this_o record_n agree_v this_o king_n latin_a charter_n much_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n recite_v in_o the_o annal_n of_o waverly_n 217._o an._n 1264._o only_o the_o word_n there_o be_v more_o general_n that_o if_o the_o king_n or_o prince_n shall_v break_v the_o say_a peace_n by_o hurt_v or_o fall_v upon_o any_o of_o the_o say_a earl_n of_o leicester_n or_o gloucester_n or_o any_o of_o the_o person_n abovementioned_a liceat_fw-la omnibus_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nostra_fw-la contra_fw-la nos_fw-la insurgere_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la gravamen_fw-la nostrum_fw-la opem_fw-la &_o operam_fw-la dare_v juxta_fw-la posse_fw-la ad_fw-la quod_fw-la ex_fw-la praesenti_fw-la praecepto_fw-la nostro_fw-la omnes_fw-la &_o singulos_fw-la volumus_fw-la obligaâ—i_fw-la fideliter_fw-la &_o homagis_fw-la nobis_fw-la facto_fw-la non_fw-la obstante_fw-la so_o that_o you_o see_v here_o that_o by_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o king_n himself_o and_o the_o whole_a parliament_n this_o resistance_n may_v be_v exercise_v notwithstanding_o the_o homage_n they_o have_v do_v he_o and_o this_o be_v that_o form_n of_o the_o peace_n which_o i_o have_v before_o cite_v to_o you_o to_o have_v be_v make_v as_o appear_v by_o a_o writ_n to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o yorkshire_n to_o be_v see_v upon_o the_o same_o roll_n 5._o and_o in_o the_o same_o membrane_n unanimi_fw-la consensu_fw-la &_o voluntate_fw-la nostra_fw-la &_o edwardi_fw-la silij_fw-la nostri_fw-la primogeniti_fw-la praelatorum_fw-la comitum_fw-la baronum_fw-la &_o communitatis_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o doctor_n brady_n think_v fit_a to_o conceal_v and_o not_o publish_v with_o the_o former_a record_n because_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la do_v not_o at_o all_o suit_n with_o his_o notion_n in_o this_o place_n m._n i_o must_v confess_v this_o so_o solemn_a a_o agreement_n upon_o the_o record_n will_v have_v be_v very_o considerable_a have_v it_o be_v make_v whilst_o the_o king_n and_o prince_n have_v be_v free_a dein_fw-ge and_o in_o their_o own_o power_n whereas_o the_o dr._n have_v make_v it_o plain_o appear_v that_o the_o king_n and_o prince_n be_v at_o this_o time_n in_o the_o power_n of_o simon_n montfort_n and_o his_o adherent_n who_o call_v that_o famous_a parliament_n of_o the_o 49th_o to_o which_o we_o suppose_v the_o commons_o be_v first_o summon_v 143._o and_o therefore_o the_o prince_n be_v not_o deliver_v at_o this_o time_n any_o more_o than_o the_o king_n his_o father_n out_o of_o their_o power_n and_o be_v only_o take_v out_o of_o dover_n castle_n and_o make_v a_o prisoner_n at_o large_a under_o a_o guard_n as_o his_o father_n be_v until_o he_o make_v his_o escape_n from_o his_o keeper_n at_o hereford_n castle_n so_o that_o i_o do_v not_o at_o all_o value_n this_o agreement_n because_o make_v by_o duress_n though_o i_o confess_v the_o word_n of_o the_o record_n be_v express_v that_o it_o be_v de_fw-la unanimi_fw-la coâ—sensu_fw-la &_o voluntate_fw-la nostra_fw-la etc._n etc._n edwardi_fw-la filii_fw-la nostri_fw-la but_o it_o appear_v plain_o that_o by_o this_o agreement_n the_o king_n have_v discharge_v himself_o of_o all_o royal_a power_n and_o confirm_v this_o agreement_n whereby_o the_o whole_a government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o nomination_n of_o all_o the_o great_a officer_n of_o the_o crown_n be_v put_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o nine_o earl_n and_o baron_n f._n at_o this_o rate_n no_o act_n that_o a_o king_n can_v do_v when_o he_o have_v the_o worst_a of_o it_o though_o confirm_v by_o a_o solemn_a oath_n as_o this_o be_v upon_o the_o holy_a gospel_n can_v ever_o be_v bind_v for_o it_o be_v but_o allege_v that_o it_o be_v do_v by_o duress_n and_o it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o render_v it_o null_n and_o void_a but_o be_v it_o as_o it_o will_v this_o be_v certain_o the_o general_a consent_n act_n and_o declaration_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n assemble_v in_o parliament_n and_o that_o own_a by_o the_o king_n himself_o and_o his_o son_n the_o prince_n and_o all_o his_o party_n and_o far_o that_o this_o resistance_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n who_o be_v one_o of_o these_o baron_n be_v not_o after_o count_v for_o treason_n or_o rebellion_n appear_v by_o that_o pardon_n of_o the_o say_a earl_n which_o we_o have_v before_o cite_v to_o have_v be_v make_v by_o this_o king_n 161_o with_o assent_n of_o the_o king_n of_o almain_n his_o brother_n and_o the_o count_n and_o baron_n and_o commons_o of_o the_o land_n in_o which_o he_o pardon_v the_o say_a earl_n and_o all_o his_o company_n and_o also_o all_o the_o londoner_n all_o rancour_n and_o ill-will_n and_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o king_n quit_v and_o discharge_v the_o earl_n and_o his_o company_n so_o do_v the_o say_a earl_n hereby_o for_o himself_o and_o all_o his_o company_n remit_v to_o all_o those_o that_o be_v of_o the_o party_n of_o the_o king_n any_o thing_n do_v since_o that_o moment_n that_o be_v that_o civil_a war_n in_o which_o the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n have_v so_o great_a a_o share_n so_o that_o you_o see_v this_o resistance_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n be_v within_o two_o year_n after_o the_o battle_n of_o evesham_n so_o far_o from_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o rebellion_n that_o the_o pardon_n be_v make_v mutual_a not_o only_o for_o the_o earl_n and_o those_o that_o 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england_n do_v actual_o put_v this_o doctrine_n in_o execution_n some_o few_o year_n before_o
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you_o have_v but_o attend_v better_a to_o my_o discourse_n at_o our_o 3d_o and_o four_o meeting_n you_o may_v have_v remember_v that_o i_o plain_o enough_o prove_v to_o you_o that_o god_n have_v not_o give_v prince_n nor_o those_o commissioned_n by_o they_o any_o authority_n to_o murder_n or_o enslave_v their_o subject_n and_o yourself_o then_o grant_v that_o every_o man_n have_v power_n to_o defend_v his_o life_n against_o he_o who_o have_v no_o authority_n to_o take_v it_o away_o 59_o which_o hold_v more_o strong_o in_o our_o constitution_n where_o if_o the_o king_n give_v a_o man_n a_o commission_n to_o act_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n it_o be_v altogether_o void_a and_o the_o people_n may_v as_o well_o justify_v their_o resistance_n of_o those_o officer_n or_o soldier_n who_o shall_v come_v to_o dragoon_n or_o persecute_v they_o for_o profess_v the_o religion_n establish_v by_o law_n as_o if_o he_o have_v send_v they_o downright_a to_o cut_v their_o throat_n 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command_v and_o as_o for_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o reason_n you_o give_v against_o this_o resistance_n viz._n because_o he_o who_o exceed_v the_o just_a bound_n of_o his_o authority_n be_v liable_a to_o be_v call_v to_o a_o account_n for_o it_o only_o by_o those_o who_o have_v a_o superior_a authority_n to_o do_v it_o whereas_o no_o power_n whatsoever_o be_v accountable_a to_o a_o inferior_a you_o do_v but_o impose_v upon_o i_o and_o yourself_o the_o same_o fallacy_n which_o you_o have_v so_o often_o make_v use_n of_o in_o make_v be_v accountable_a all_o one_o with_o irresistible_a which_o be_v vast_o different_a and_o therefore_o your_o conclusion_n be_v as_o false_a that_o because_o the_o sovereign_a prince_n may_v exceed_v his_o authority_n and_o be_v only_o accountable_a for_o it_o to_o god_n that_o therefore_o he_o can_v be_v resist_v by_o his_o own_o subject_n for_o he_o may_v
be_v resist_v and_o yet_o be_v still_o unaccountable_a those_o two_o differ_v as_o must_v we_o self-defence_n do_v from_o punishment_n as_o i_o have_v more_o than_o once_o tell_v you_o m._n i_o can_v rest_v satisfy_v with_o this_o reply_n for_o though_o i_o so_o far_o agree_v with_o you_o 193._o that_o a_o act_n without_o a_o legal_a authority_n carry_v no_o obligation_n at_o all_o along_o with_o it_o and_o therefore_o can_v oblige_v the_o subject_a to_o obedience_n now_o this_o be_v true_a if_o by_o obedience_n you_o mean_v a_o active_a obedience_n for_o i_o be_o not_o bind_v to_o do_v a_o ill_a thing_n or_o a_o illegal_a action_n because_o my_o prince_n command_v i_o but_o if_o you_o mean_v passive_a obedience_n it_o be_v as_o manifest_o false_a for_o i_o be_o bind_v to_o obey_v that_o be_v not_o to_o resist_v my_o prince_n when_o he_o offer_v i_o the_o most_o unjust_a and_o illegal_a violence_n nay_o it_o be_v very_o false_a and_o absurd_a to_o say_v that_o every_o illegal_a be_v a_o inauthoritative_a act_n which_o carry_v no_o obligation_n with_o it_o this_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o practice_n of_o all_o human_a judicature_n and_o the_o daily_a experience_n of_o man_n who_o suffer_v in_o their_o life_n body_n or_o estate_n by_o a_o unjust_a or_o illegal_a sentence_n every_o judgement_n contrary_a to_o the_o true_a meaning_n of_o the_o law_n be_v in_o that_o sense_n illegal_a and_o yet_o such_o illegal_a judgement_n have_v their_o authority_n and_o obligation_n till_o they_o be_v rescind_v by_o some_o high_a authority_n this_o be_v the_o true_a reason_n of_o appeal_n from_o inferior_a to_o superior_a court_n to_o rectify_v illegal_a proceed_n and_o reverse_v illegal_a judgement_n which_o suppose_v that_o such_o illegal_a act_n have_v authority_n till_o they_o be_v make_v null_n and_o void_a by_o a_o high_a power_n and_o if_o the_o high_a power_n from_o whence_o lie_v no_o appeal_n confirm_v and_o ratify_v a_o unjust_a and_o illegal_a sentence_n it_o carry_v so_o much_o authority_n and_o obligation_n with_o it_o that_o the_o injure_v person_n have_v no_o redress_n but_o must_v patient_o submit_v and_o thus_o it_o must_v necessary_o be_v or_o there_o can_v be_v no_o end_n of_o dispute_n nor_o any_o order_n or_o government_n observe_v in_o human_a society_n and_o this_o be_v a_o plain_a demonstration_n that_o though_o the_o law_n be_v the_o rule_n according_a to_o which_o prince_n ought_v to_o exercise_v their_o authority_n and_o power_n yet_o the_o authority_n be_v not_o in_o the_o law_n but_o in_o the_o person_n that_o execute_v they_o for_o otherwise_o why_o be_v not_o a_o sentence_n pronounce_v according_a to_o law_n by_o a_o private_a person_n of_o as_o much_o authority_n as_o a_o sentence_n pronounce_v by_o a_o judge_n or_o how_o do_v a_o illegal_a sentence_n pronounce_v by_o a_o judge_n come_v to_o have_v any_o authority_n for_o a_o sentence_n contrary_a to_o law_n can_v have_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o law_n and_o why_o be_v a_o 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and_o distinct_a from_o the_o authority_n of_o law_n will_v prove_v a_o mere_a notion_n for_o you_o grant_v that_o the_o king_n have_v no_o just_a or_o legal_a authority_n to_o act_v against_o law_n and_o that_o if_o he_o put_v any_o man_n to_o death_n contrary_a to_o it_o it_o be_v downright_a murder_n but_o you_o will_v not_o allow_v that_o if_o the_o king_n shall_v thus_o murder_v never_o so_o many_o thousand_o either_o he_o or_o those_o instrument_n of_o tyranny_n may_v be_v resist_v and_o therefore_o you_o will_v fain_o top_v upon_o i_o your_o old_a distinction_n of_o a_o active_a and_o passive_a obedience_n the_o former_a of_o which_o i_o very_o well_o understand_v but_o as_o for_o the_o latter_a i_o have_v long_o since_o prove_v that_o it_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v any_o obedience_n that_o it_o be_v indeed_o downright_a disobedience_n or_o a_o refusal_n to_o do_v that_o which_o the_o prince_n command_v so_o that_o true_o yourself_o have_v teach_v i_o to_o distinguish_v between_o the_o king_n be_v personal_a authority_n and_o his_o legal_a for_o otherwise_o why_o be_v you_o not_o as_o much_o oblige_v to_o yield_v a_o active_a obedience_n to_o the_o king_n be_v personal_a illegal_a commission_n or_o command_v as_o to_o his_o legal_a one_o if_o there_o be_v no_o difference_n between_o they_o so_o then_o all_o the_o difference_n between_o we_o lie_v in_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o disobedience_n you_o maintain_v that_o it_o be_v sufficient_a not_o to_o yield_v obedience_n to_o such_o illegal_a commission_n and_o command_n and_o i_o that_o beside_o this_o denial_n of_o obedience_n if_o it_o be_v in_o a_o fundamental_a point_n and_o that_o which_o general_o concern_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o they_o may_v not_o only_o be_v disobey_v but_o resist_v too_o if_o force_v upon_o we_o with_o violence_n and_o therefore_o all_o that_o you_o have_v say_v to_o prove_v that_o the_o authority_n to_o which_o we_o be_v bind_v to_o submit_v consist_v not_o in_o the_o law_n but_o in_o the_o person_n though_o act_v contrary_a to_o law_n be_v according_o to_o your_o own_o way_n of_o reason_v altogether_o unconclusive_a and_o far_o when_o you_o say_v that_o it_o be_v false_a and_o absurd_a to_o affirm_v that_o every_o illegal_a be_v a_o unauthoritative_a act_n which_o carry_v no_o obligation_n with_o it_o i_o shall_v prove_v that_o this_o absurdity_n lie_v whole_o on_o your_o side_n for_o 1._o legal_a and_o authoritative_a 15._o be_v all_o one_o in_o our_o law_n for_o that_o which_o be_v not_o legal_a carry_v no_o authority_n along_o with_o it_o so_o that_o illegal_a authority_n be_v in_o plaiâ—â—_n english_a unlawful_a lawful_a power_n nor_o have_v k._n charles_n 1._o any_o such_o extravagant_a notion_n of_o his_o royal_a authority_n who_o certain_o understand_v his_o own_o power_n better_o than_o you_o or_o i_o when_o he_o own_v in_o his_o declaration_n to_o the_o long_a parliament_n date_v from_o newmarket_n 1641._o that_o the_o law_n be_v the_o measure_n of_o his_o power_n which_o be_v as_o full_a a_o concession_n of_o the_o thing_n i_o affirm_v as_o word_n can_v express_v for_o if_o the_o law_n be_v the_o measure_n of_o it_o than_o his_o royal_a power_n or_o authority_n which_o be_v all_o one_o be_v limit_v by_o it_o for_o the_o measure_n of_o any_o thing_n be_v the_o limit_n or_o bound_n of_o the_o thing_n limit_v and_o when_o it_o exceed_v those_o bound_n it_o be_v a_o illegal_a and_o consequent_o a_o unauthoritative_a act_n which_o carry_v no_o obligation_n either_o active_a or_o passive_a along_o with_o it_o so_o likewise_o in_o the_o say_v king_n answer_n to_o both_o house_n concern_v the_o militia_n speak_v of_o the_o man_n by_o they_o name_v to_o he_o to_o be_v commissioner_n for_o it_o he_o thus_o reply_v if_o more_o power_n shall_v be_v think_v fit_a to_o be_v grant_v to_o they_o than_o by_o law_n be_v in_o the_o crown_n itself_o his_o majesty_n hold_v it_o reasonable_a that_o the_o same_o be_v by_o some_o law_n first_o vest_v in_o he_o with_o power_n to_o transfer_v it_o to_o these_o person_n etc._n etc._n in_o which_o passage_n it_o be_v grant_v that_o all_o the_o power_n or_o authority_n of_o the_o crown_n concern_v the_o militia_n be_v by_o or_o from_o the_o law_n and_o that_o the_o king_n have_v no_o more_o authority_n than_o what_o be_v vest_v in_o he_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n 2._o your_o argument_n from_o the_o practice_n of_o human_a judicature_n be_v also_o very_o fallacious_a for_o you_o argue_v from_o the_o bare_a abuse_n of_o a_o trust_n or_o commission_n with_o the_o execution_n of_o which_o all_o judge_n &_o officer_n must_v be_v entrust_v to_o that_o which_o be_v quite_o of_o another_o nature_n viz_o when_o the_o person_n entrust_v act_n direct_o contrary_a to_o his_o commission_n or_o without_o any_o commission_n
at_o all_o and_o therefore_o you_o be_v quite_o out_o in_o your_o law_n when_o you_o tell_v i_o that_o a_o absolute_a illegal_a judgement_n be_v valid_a till_o it_o be_v reverse_v for_o if_o it_o be_v appearant_o contrary_a to_o the_o know_a form_n of_o law_n and_o practice_n of_o the_o kingdom_n it_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v valid_a that_o though_o it_o be_v put_v in_o execution_n it_o will_v be_v look_v upon_o as_o null_n and_o do_v without_o any_o authority_n at_o all_o as_o suppose_v the_o king_n in_o person_n or_o any_o inferior_a judge_n 16._o shall_v condemn_v a_o man_n to_o die_v either_o contrary_a to_o the_o verdict_n of_o his_o jury_n or_o without_o any_o jury_n at_o all_o this_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v authoritative_a or_o valid_a that_o such_o a_o judgement_n be_v void_a in_o itself_o and_o those_o be_v guilty_a of_o murder_n who_o execute_v it_o and_o it_o will_v need_v no_o writ_n of_o error_n to_o reverse_v it_o but_o i_o suppose_v by_o illegal_a judgement_n you_o mean_v such_o judgement_n which_o have_v some_o error_n in_o they_o either_o in_o matter_n of_o law_n or_o form_n for_o which_o they_o may_v be_v reverse_v i_o grant_v if_o these_o shall_v not_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o valid_a and_o hold_v good_a till_o they_o be_v reverse_v in_o a_o high_a court_n there_o can_v not_o be_v any_o judgement_n give_v at_o all_o since_o all_o human_a judicatories_n whatsoever_o be_v subject_a to_o error_n and_o mistake_v and_o there_o be_v sure_a a_o great_a deal_n of_o difference_n between_o such_o action_n as_o be_v do_v by_o that_o authority_n which_o the_o law_n entrust_v they_o with_o though_o not_o due_o exercise_v and_o those_o violent_a and_o illegal_a act_n which_o a_o prince_n when_o he_o persecute_v and_o enslave_v his_o subject_n perform_v by_o his_o wicked_a instrument_n contrary_a to_o all_o divine_a and_o human_a law_n so_o that_o the_o validity_n of_o such_o a_o erroneous_a judgement_n be_v not_o from_o the_o judge_n personal_a authority_n above_o the_o law_n nor_o from_o his_o mistake_n or_o ignorance_n of_o the_o law_n but_o from_o that_o high_a credit_n and_o authority_n which_o the_o law_n have_v give_v to_o all_o court_n and_o judicial_a proceed_n which_o if_o they_o be_v do_v in_o due_a form_n be_v to_o be_v take_v for_o law_n however_o unjust_a and_o must_v be_v presume_v to_o be_v free_a from_o error_n till_o they_o be_v reverse_v in_o some_o high_a court._n m._n but_o if_o you_o please_v better_a to_o consider_v of_o it_o you_o will_v find_v a_o necessity_n of_o own_v a_o supreme_a power_n in_o the_o king_n beyond_o all_o appeal_n or_o resistance_n deinde_fw-la and_o that_o there_o must_v be_v a_o personal_a authority_n in_o he_o antecedent_n and_o superior_a to_o all_o civil_a law_n for_o there_o can_v be_v no_o law_n without_o a_o lawmaker_n and_o there_o can_v be_v no_o lawmaker_n unless_o there_o be_v one_o or_o more_o person_n invest_v with_o the_o power_n of_o government_n of_o which_o make_v 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his_o army_n with_o his_o own_o consent_n and_o this_o be_v sure_o take_v up_o arm_n by_o the_o king_n authority_n against_o his_o person_n and_o be_v that_o which_o be_v to_o be_v express_o disclaim_v by_o this_o oath_n and_o will_v be_v also_o treasonable_a if_o do_v in_o any_o case_n whatsoever_o where_o the_o king_n shall_v think_v fit_a to_o be_v at_o the_o head_n of_o his_o force_n whether_o the_o thing_n be_v lawful_a or_o unlawful_a for_o which_o they_o be_v raise_v f._n well_o then_o it_o seem_v the_o fear_n of_o endanger_v the_o king_n person_n be_v nothing_o if_o the_o end_n for_o which_o it_o be_v do_v be_v lawful_a and_o why_o it_o may_v not_o hold_v in_o other_o case_n as_o well_o as_o this_o i_o can_v see_v no_o reason_n i_o grant_v that_o what_o the_o parliament_n do_v be_v unlawful_a because_o the_o occasion_n of_o the_o war_n begin_v on_o their_o side_n as_o it_o be_v then_o say_v but_o suppose_v the_o king_n make_v war_n upon_o the_o people_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o the_o case_n have_v be_v otherwise_o and_o for_o proof_n of_o this_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o put_v you_o a_o case_n which_o may_v well_o happen_v now_o we_o have_v a_o stand_a army_n distinct_a from_o the_o militia_n suppose_v that_o in_o a_o suit_n with_o a_o great_a favourite_n of_o the_o king_n be_v a_o man_n recover_v a_o house_n and_o land_n against_o he_o by_o a_o judgement_n at_o law_n and_o he_o also_o by_o course_n of_o law_n put_v into_o possession_n thereof_o by_o the_o sheriff_n afterward_o the_o king_n commission_n be_v obtain_v by_o the_o interest_n of_o this_o favourite_n to_o command_v a_o officer_n and_o some_o company_n of_o soldier_n of_o the_o stand_a army_n to_o take_v possession_n of_o this_o house_n and_o deliver_v it_o back_o to_o the_o person_n who_o first_o have_v it_o the_o man_n in_o possession_n be_v a_o stout_a and_o powerful_a person_n in_o his_o country_n hear_v of_o it_o resolve_v to_o maintain_v the_o possession_n of_o his_o house_n according_a 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the_o king_n will_v that_o right_o be_v do_v according_a to_o the_o statute_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o realm_n 625._o etc._n etc._n which_o not_o satisfy_v as_o too_o doubtful_a and_o general_a the_o king_n at_o last_o give_v this_o full_a and_o clear_a answer_n in_o legal_a â—orm_n soit_fw-fr droit_n fait_fw-fr commâ—_n il_fw-fr est_fw-fr desirè_fw-la the_o second_o point_n in_o relation_n to_o our_o civil_a property_n be_v this_o that_o no_o tax_n taillage_n or_o aid_n shall_v be_v lay_v or_o levy_v by_o the_o king_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o arch-bishop_n bishop_n earls_z baron_n knight_n burgess_n and_o whole_a commonalty_n of_o the_o realm_n in_o parliament_n this_o be_v first_o of_o all_o grant_v by_o the_o 56th_o law_n of_o william_n the_o first_o which_o i_o have_v already_o cite_v as_o also_o more_o particular_o forbid_v by_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la in_o the_o 34th_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o which_o be_v but_o a_o revival_n or_o explanation_n of_o the_o former_a law_n of_o william_n the_o first_o and_o also_o by_o the_o 25_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o whereby_o it_o be_v enact_v that_o no_o person_n shall_v be_v compel_v to_o make_v any_o loan_n to_o the_o king_n against_o his_o will_n because_o they_o be_v against_o reason_n and_o the_o franchise_n of_o the_o land_n and_o it_o be_v also_o provide_v that_o none_o shall_v be_v charge_v by_o any_o charge_n or_o imposition_n call_v a_o benevolence_n nor_o by_o such_o like_a charge_n which_o be_v also_o more_o full_o set_v forth_o in_o the_o say_a petition_n of_o right_n to_o have_v be_v late_o execute_v by_o certain_a commissioner_n as_o also_o that_o divers_a other_o charge_n have_v be_v lay_v and_o levy_v by_o lords-lieutenant_n deputy-lieutenant_n etc._n etc._n contrary_a to_o the_o law_n and_o free_a custom_n of_o the_o realm_n the_o three_o point_n declare_v against_o in_o this_o petition_n of_o right_n be_v against_o quarter_a of_o soldier_n though_o 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legislative_a power_n of_o parliament_n be_v the_o very_a soul_n and_o essence_n of_o the_o government_n the_o election_n of_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n to_o sit_v and_o serve_v in_o parliament_n aught_o to_o be_v free_a and_o all_o the_o member_n of_o parliament_n who_o have_v place_n there_o either_o by_o patent_n or_o writ_n of_o summons_n as_o the_o lord_n or_o else_o by_o election_n or_o writ_n as_o the_o bishop_n ought_v to_o be_v present_a and_o there_o to_o have_v freedom_n of_o speech_n and_o vote_n without_o any_o guard_n to_o over-awe_n or_o terrify_v they_o and_o none_o to_o be_v force_v threaten_a bribe_v or_o tamper_v with_o to_o give_v their_o vote_n contrary_a to_o their_o conscience_n either_o by_o the_o king_n or_o any_o of_o his_o minister_n this_o be_v ordain_v by_o the_o stat._n of_o westm._n 1_o chap._n 5._o whereby_o it_o be_v express_o provide_v that_o all_o election_n ought_v to_o be_v free_a which_o sir_n edward_n cook_n in_o his_o note_n upon_o this_o statute_n extend_v to_o election_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n as_o well_o as_o other_o election_n since_o i_o have_v sufficient_o prove_v that_o the_o commons_o elect_v member_n to_o parliament_n when_o this_o statute_n be_v make_v and_o that_o this_o be_v the_o ancient_a law_n of_o england_n 36._o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o roll_n of_o parliament_n 1_o hen._n 4._o wherein_o it_o be_v allege_v as_o by_o the_o parliament_n as_o one_o of_o the_o article_n against_o richard_n the_o second_o in_o these_o word_n item_n licet_fw-la de_fw-la stato_fw-la &_o consuttudine_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la in_o convocatione_n enjuslibet_fw-la parliamenti_fw-la populus_fw-la suus_fw-la in_o singulis_fw-la comitatibus_fw-la regni_fw-la debeat_fw-la esse_fw-la libre_fw-la ad_fw-la eligendum_fw-la &_o deputandum_fw-la milites_fw-la pro_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la comitatibus_fw-la ad_fw-la inter_fw-la â—ssendum_fw-la parliamentis_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la exponendum_fw-la corum_fw-la gravamina_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la prosequendum_fw-la pro_fw-la remediis_fw-la superinde_v prout_fw-la videntur_fw-la expedire_fw-la tamen_fw-la praefatus_fw-la rex_fw-la ut_fw-la in_o parliamentis_fw-la suis_fw-la liberius_fw-la consequi_fw-la valeat_fw-la suae_fw-la temerariae_fw-la voluntatis_fw-la effectum_fw-la direxit_fw-la mandata_fw-la sua_fw-la frequentius_fw-la vicecomitibus_fw-la ejus_fw-la ut_fw-la certas_fw-la personas_fw-la per_fw-la ipsum_fw-la regem_fw-la nominatas_fw-la ut_fw-la milites_fw-la câ—mitatuum_fw-la venirâ—_fw-it saciant_fw-la ad_fw-la parliamenta_fw-la sua_fw-la quos_fw-la quidem_fw-la milites_fw-la eidem_fw-la regi_fw-la faventes_fw-la inducâ—re_fw-la poterat_fw-la prout_fw-la frequentius_fw-la fecit_fw-la quandoque_fw-la pro_fw-la minas_fw-la varias_fw-la &_o terrores_fw-la &_o quandoque_fw-la per_fw-la munera_fw-la ad_fw-la consentiendum_fw-la illis_fw-la quâ—a_fw-la regno_fw-la praedicto_fw-la prâ—ejudicialia_fw-la fuerant_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la quam_fw-la plurimum_fw-la onerosa_fw-la etc._n etc._n so_o that_o you_o here_o may_v see_v that_o it_o be_v then_o judge_v by_o the_o whole_a parliament_n to_o be_v a_o brench_n of_o one_o of_o the_o fundamental_a liberty_n of_o the_o nation_n for_o the_o king_n to_o make_v false_a return_n to_o be_v make_v of_o parliament-man_n as_o also_o to_o corrupt_v or_o over-awe_n their_o vote_n either_o by_o promise_n or_o threatening_n but_o to_o conclude_v that_o we_o have_v such_o thing_n as_o fundamental_a law_n and_o privilege_n i_o shall_v go_v no_o far_o than_o king_n james_n i._o his_o speech_n confirm_v by_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n of_o the_o first_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n wherein_o it_o be_v recite_v that_o the_o king_n have_v vouchsafe_v to_o express_v many_o way_n how_o far_o it_o be_v and_o ever_o shall_v be_v from_o his_o royal_a and_o sincere_a care_n and_o affection_n to_o the_o subject_n of_o england_n to_o alter_v or_o innovate_v the_o fundamental_a law_n privilege_n and_o good_a custom_n of_o this_o kingdom_n whereby_o not_o only_o his_o royal_a authority_n but_o the_o people_n security_n of_o land_n live_n and_o privilege_n both_o in_o general_a and_o particular_a be_v preserve_v and_o maintain_v and_o by_o the_o abolish_n or_o alteration_n of_o which_o it_o be_v impossible_a but_o that_o present_a confusion_n will_v fall_v upon_o the_o whole_a state_n and_o â—rame_v of_o this_o realm_n so_o that_o if_o this_o judgement_n of_o the_o king_n and_o both_o house_n of_o parliament_n be_v true_a sure_o we_o may_v just_o suppose_v that_o thing_n of_o such_o vast_a concernment_n deserve_v our_o contend_v for_o by_o all_o mean_v possible_a and_o lawful_a to_o preserve_v they_o for_o what_o the_o noble_n of_o the_o land_n upon_o occasion_n once_o say_v with_o one_o voice_n in_o full_a parliament_n every_o freeborn_a subject_n of_o england_n may_v as_o well_o say_v at_o this_o day_n nolumus_fw-la leges_fw-la angliae_fw-la mutari_fw-la which_o be_v a_o maxim_n that_o ought_v to_o be_v imprint_v upon_o the_o heart_n of_o all_o true_a englishman_n who_o as_o my_o lord_n bacon_n very_o well_o observe_v take_v themselves_o to_o have_v as_o good_a title_n to_o their_o law_n 43._o as_o to_o the_o
court_n take_v upon_o it_o to_o judge_n of_o matrimonial_a cause_n about_o alimony_n and_o concern_v â—lmoniacal_a contract_n and_o all_o other_o misdemeanour_n both_o of_o clergy_n and_o laity_n against_o religion_n and_o good_a manner_n which_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n the_o late_a high_a commission_n court_n take_v upon_o they_o to_o determine_v and_o if_o they_o do_v not_o meddle_v with_o popish_a or_o nonconformist_a meeting_n it_o be_v because_o their_o hand_n be_v so_o tie_v up_o by_o the_o late_a declaration_n of_o indulgence_n that_o they_o have_v no_o power_n to_o meddle_v either_o with_o papist_n or_o dissenter_n m._n i_o shall_v make_v no_o far_o reply_v appresent_v to_o what_o you_o now_o say_v till_o i_o come_v to_o answer_v once_o for_o all_o therefore_o i_o shall_v go_v on_o to_o the_o next_o thing_n except_v against_o in_o the_o prince_n declaration_n viz._n the_o erect_n of_o public_a chapel_n for_o mass_n the_o protect_a of_o priest_n and_o the_o make_v a_o jesuit_n a_o privy_a councillor_n all_o which_o though_o i_o confess_v they_o be_v against_o the_o express_a letter_n of_o divers_a statute_n yet_o since_o all_o these_o thing_n depend_v upon_o the_o king_n dispense_n power_n set_v forth_o in_o his_o majesty_n late_a declaration_n which_o as_o i_o will_v not_o assert_v so_o i_o will_v not_o positive_o deny_v since_o the_o say_a declaration_n of_o indulgence_n and_o all_o proceed_n thereupon_o have_v issue_v out_o and_o execute_v under_o colour_n of_o law_n viz._n of_o the_o king_n ecclesiastical_a jurisdiction_n without_o any_o force_n or_o violence_n upon_o the_o conscience_n religion_n or_o property_n of_o the_o king_n protestant_n subject_n who_o the_o king_n in_o his_o say_a declaration_n solemn_o promise_v to_o protect_v in_o the_o free_a possession_n and_o enjoyment_n of_o their_o religion_n establish_v by_o law_n and_o i_o can_v see_v how_o a_o liberty_n grant_v to_o popish_a priest_n to_o say_v mass_n or_o the_o put_n in_o a_o jesuit_n into_o the_o privy_a council_n or_o make_v popish_a judge_n or_o put_v a_o papist_n into_o the_o ecclesiastical_a commission_n can_v be_v look_v upon_o as_o any_o invasion_n of_o the_o protestant_a religion_n the_o free_a and_o public_a profession_n of_o which_o we_o have_v god_n be_v thank_v as_o quiet_o enjoy_v as_o we_o do_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o this_o king_n or_o in_o that_o of_o his_o brother_n f._n since_o you_o can_v direct_o justify_v the_o king_n set_v up_o public_a mass_n house_n in_o london_n and_o in_o most_o other_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o his_o so_o public_a protect_a and_o countenance_v papist_n and_o jesuit_n even_o to_o the_o make_v a_o jesuit_n a_o privy-councillor_n though_o they_o be_v all_o in_o judgement_n of_o law_n alike_o public_a enemy_n and_o traitor_n to_o the_o king_n and_o kingdom_n and_o that_o all_o these_o as_o you_o can_v deny_v be_v contrary_a to_o the_o express_a word_n and_o intent_n of_o all_o statute_n against_o priest_n and_o popish_a assembly_n so_o you_o endeavour_v to_o palliate_v it_o under_o the_o king_n dispense_n power_n which_o you_o suppose_v to_o have_v have_v a_o colour_n of_o law_n at_o least_o to_o support_v it_o but_o though_o the_o give_a liberty_n to_o popish_a assembly_n and_o the_o conventicle_n of_o the_o dissenter_n be_v no_o direct_a hindrance_n of_o the_o free_a exeâ—ercise_n of_o the_o protestant_a religion_n establish_v by_o law_n yet_o i_o must_v utter_o deny_v that_o the_o king_n have_v any_o such_o prerogative_n as_o to_o dispense_v with_o those_o law_n and_o by_o his_o sole_a authority_n to_o declare_v those_o that_o the_o law_n call_v enemy_n and_o traitor_n to_o be_v good_a subject_n and_o you_o may_v as_o well_o tell_v i_o that_o the_o king_n have_v not_o only_o a_o prerogative_n power_n to_o pardon_v high-way-man_n but_o may_v also_o protect_v they_o and_o put_v they_o into_o his_o guard_n with_o a_o commission_n to_o rob_v who_o they_o please_v as_o to_o give_v papist_n power_n to_o bear_v arm_n or_o to_o protect_v and_o employ_v declare_v traitor_n as_o popish_a priest_n and_o jesuit_n be_v by_o law_n as_o the_o king_n have_v do_v not_o the_o like_a i_o may_v say_v for_o put_v in_o popish_a judge_n and_o justice_n of_o peace_n viz._n that_o it_o be_v all_o do_v by_o force_n of_o the_o king_n personal_a order_n without_o his_o legal_a authority_n which_o be_v that_o alone_o we_o can_v take_v cognizance_n of_o or_o render_v any_o obedience_n to_o and_o though_o it_o be_v true_a i_o do_v not_o deny_v the_o king_n a_o power_n of_o make_v who_o he_o please_v judge_n yet_o this_o prerogative_n be_v still_o to_o be_v exercise_v according_a to_o law_n and_o therefore_o if_o the_o king_n shall_v make_v a_o illiterate_a man_n a_o judge_n who_o can_v neither_o write_v nor_o read_v the_o writ_n or_o patent_n will_v be_v void_a in_o its_o self_n the_o same_o i_o may_v say_v of_o a_o popish_a judge_n the_o law_n make_v no_o difference_n as_o i_o know_v of_o between_o a_o natural_a and_o a_o legal_a disability_n but_o however_o the_o turn_n out_o honest_a and_o able_a judge_n because_o they_o will_v not_o give_v up_o our_o religion_n and_o liberty_n to_o the_o king_n arbitrary_a will_n be_v certain_o a_o much_o great_a breach_n of_o the_o trust_v commit_v to_o he_o by_o his_o coronation_n oath_n wherein_o he_o swear_v he_o will_v maintain_v the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n and_o mix_v equity_n with_o mercy_n in_o all_o his_o judgement_n now_o where_o be_v the_o equity_n or_o justice_n of_o this_o that_o whereas_o the_o judge_n ancient_o hold_v their_o place_n quam_fw-la diu_fw-la se_fw-la bene_fw-la gesserint_fw-la they_o shall_v now_o by_o a_o notorious_a encroachment_n of_o the_o prerogative_n not_o only_o be_v make_v durante_fw-la beneplacito_fw-la but_o that_o the_o king_n shall_v stretch_v this_o prerogative_n so_o unreasonable_o as_o to_o examine_v the_o judge_n before_o hand_n whether_o they_o will_v agree_v to_o the_o dispense_n power_n and_o to_o turn_v out_o those_o that_o refuse_v to_o comply_v mere_o because_o they_o will_v not_o serve_v his_o arbitrary_a design_n and_o then_o to_o put_v in_o the_o mean_a and_o most_o mercenary_a lawyer_n at_o the_o bar_n nay_o some_o who_o never_o come_v thither_o at_o all_o into_o their_o place_n for_o no_o other_o merit_n or_o good_a quality_n but_o because_o they_o will_v serve_v a_o turn_n be_v so_o notorious_a a_o breach_n of_o his_o oath_n that_o it_o can_v not_o fail_v in_o a_o little_a time_n to_o destroy_v all_o our_o common_a as_o well_o as_o our_o statute_n law_n since_o these_o be_v all_o late_o lodge_v in_o their_o breast_n and_o resolve_v into_o their_o arbitrary_a determination_n which_o yet_o as_o all_o the_o world_n know_v be_v whole_o manage_v by_o the_o influence_n and_o command_n of_o the_o court_n and_o this_o i_o say_v again_o be_v as_o notorious_a a_o abuse_n of_o the_o king_n prerogative_n as_o if_o he_o have_v put_v in_o high-way-man_n into_o his_o guard_n with_o commission_n in_o their_o pocket_n to_o rob_v who_o they_o please_v since_o these_o gentleman_n in_o scarlet_n have_v take_v the_o same_o liberty_n under_o colour_n of_o law_n to_o raise_v tax_n upon_o the_o subject_n against_o the_o express_a letter_n of_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o their_o late_a determination_n concern_v chimney_n money_n make_v cottage_n build_v for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o poor_a and_o house_n of_o person_n exempt_v from_o payment_n liable_a to_o chimney_n money_n contrary_a to_o the_o express_a word_n of_o that_o statute_n m._n i_o can_v deny_v but_o the_o thing_n you_o now_o mention_n have_v be_v great_a abuse_n of_o prerogative_n but_o whether_o so_o great_a as_o to_o require_v resistance_n i_o must_v still_o disagree_v with_o you_o therefore_o i_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o the_o next_o particular_a complain_v of_o viz._n the_o examine_v of_o the_o lord_n lieutenant_n deputy_n lieutenant_n sheriff_n and_o justice_n of_o peace_n to_o know_v whether_o they_o will_v concur_v with_o the_o king_n in_o the_o repeal_n of_o the_o test_n and_o penal_a law_n and_o turn_v all_o such_o out_o of_o commission_n as_o refuse_v to_o comply_v with_o the_o king_n desire_n in_o this_o matter_n now_o though_o i_o will_v not_o say_v it_o be_v well_o or_o prudent_o do_v yet_o it_o be_v no_o more_o than_o what_o i_o think_v the_o king_n by_o his_o prerogative_n may_v justify_v the_o do_n of_o since_o he_o may_v by_o law_n give_v a_o quietus_n est_fw-la to_o what_o judge_n he_o please_v and_o put_v in_o or_o out_o of_o commission_n whether_o civil_a or_o military_a what_o person_n he_o think_v fit_a and_o as_o for_o the_o person_n so_o examine_v they_o may_v have_v choose_v whether_o they_o will_v have_v give_v any_o positive_a answer_n to_o the_o question_n put_v to_o they_o by_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n
out_o the_o precedent_n and_o fellow_n of_o magdalen_n college_n by_o the_o late_a ecclesiastical_a commission_n as_o also_o the_o turn_v out_o of_o the_o deputy_n lieutenant_n and_o justice_n of_o peace_n and_o all_o other_o magistrate_n out_o of_o city_n and_o corporation_n the_o king_n have_v sufficient_o redress_v they_o by_o restore_v the_o first_o to_o their_o place_n and_o by_o put_v all_o the_o rest_n into_o commission_n again_o and_o turn_a out_o those_o that_o come_v in_o their_o room_n and_o all_o this_o before_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n come_v over_o and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o his_o majesty_n will_v have_v be_v content_a to_o have_v give_v the_o nation_n any_o other_o reasonable_a satisfaction_n they_o can_v have_v desire_v in_o the_o next_o parliament_n which_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v patient_o wait_v for_o until_o his_o majesty_n think_v sit_v to_o call_v it_o without_o go_v about_o to_o right_v ourselves_o by_o force_n f._n i_o confess_v you_o have_v make_v not_o 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that_o he_o will_v give_v his_o people_n any_o sufficient_a testimony_n of_o his_o amendment_n and_o sincerity_n by_o give_v up_o such_o evil_a minister_n to_o punishment_n that_o put_v he_o upon_o such_o desperate_a course_n i_o do_v then_o ready_o grant_v that_o the_o people_n ought_v to_o lay_v down_o their_o arm_n and_o be_v again_o reconcile_v to_o their_o king_n and_o submit_v themselves_o to_o he_o as_o before_o according_a to_o that_o clause_n in_o king_n john_n magna_fw-la charta_fw-la i_o have_v already_o cite_v wherein_o there_o be_v a_o power_n leave_v for_o the_o baron_n in_o case_n of_o any_o breach_n of_o it_o to_o take_v arm_n and_o constrain_v the_o king_n by_o take_v of_o his_o castle_n land_n and_o possession_n to_o amend_v those_o transgression_n and_o when_o all_o be_v thus_o amend_v the_o charter_n say_v tunc_fw-la cum_fw-la fuerit_fw-la emendatum_fw-la then_o and_o not_o before_o interdent_a nobis_fw-la sicut_fw-la prius_fw-la fecerunt_fw-la they_o shall_v be_v 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est_fw-la dum_fw-la bene_fw-la regit_fw-la tyrannus_n dum_fw-la populum_fw-la sibi_fw-la creditum_fw-la violentâ_fw-la oppriâ—it_fw-la domination_n and_o in_o the_o very_a same_o place_n as_o you_o have_v also_o observe_v he_o tell_v we_o exercere_fw-la debet_fw-la rex_fw-la potestatem_fw-la juris_fw-la ut_fw-la vicarius_fw-la &_o minister_n dei_fw-la potestas_fw-la autem_fw-la injuriae_fw-la diaboli_fw-la est_fw-la non_fw-la dei_fw-la cum_fw-la declinat_fw-la ad_fw-la injuriam_fw-la rex_fw-la diaboli_fw-la minister_n est_fw-la now_o if_o what_o bracton_n say_v be_v true_a than_o the_o king_n when_o he_o do_v injury_n be_v the_o devil_n minister_n and_o not_o god_n i_o can_v see_v how_o he_o can_v then_o act_v as_o god_n lieutenant_n or_o why_o it_o be_v not_o as_o lawful_a to_o resist_v the_o devil_n minister_n as_o the_o devil_n himself_o and_o as_o to_o what_o you_o allege_v out_o
of_o the_o same_o author_n that_o there_o be_v no_o remedy_n lest_o against_o the_o king_n in_o case_n he_o do_v wrong_a or_o oppress_v any_o man_n but_o only_a petition_n and_o after_o that_o the_o only_a remedy_n be_v expectet_fw-la deum_fw-la ultorem_fw-la in_o case_n he_o refuse_v to_o do_v right_a this_o be_v to_o be_v only_o understand_v of_o remedy_n in_o ordinary_a court_n of_o justice_n and_o by_o ordinary_a mean_n for_o otherwise_o this_o author_n will_v contradict_v himself_o whereas_o he_o tell_v we_o express_o as_o i_o have_v already_o note_v out_o of_o bracton_n and_o fleta_n in_o populo_fw-la regendo_fw-la rex_fw-la habet_fw-la superiores_fw-la legem_fw-la per_fw-la quam_fw-la factus_fw-la est_fw-la rex_fw-la &_o curiam_fw-la svam_fw-la viz._n comites_fw-la &_o barones_n that_o be_v the_o high_a court_n of_o parliament_n call_v by_o way_n of_o eminency_n the_o earl_n and_o baron_n who_o he_o here_o say_v debent_fw-la ei_fw-la sâ—â—â—num_fw-la imponere_fw-la in_o case_n 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the_o people_n but_o depose_v himself_o and_o thereby_o renounce_v the_o government_n over_o they_o this_o be_v but_o a_o mere_a fallacy_n and_o a_o evasion_n which_o you_o and_o those_o of_o your_o party_n have_v now_o find_v out_o to_o make_v the_o king_n to_o have_v forfeit_v his_o crown_n without_o any_o judgement_n of_o the_o parliament_n or_o people_n for_o who_o can_v believe_v a_o king_n will_v ever_o depose_v himself_o or_o do_v any_o act_n beside_o a_o evident_a destruction_n of_o the_o people_n or_o a_o make_n over_o his_o royal_a power_n or_o else_o a_o express_a resignation_n of_o the_o crown_n whereby_o he_o can_v ever_o be_v construe_v to_o have_v part_v with_o it_o and_o therefore_o your_o notion_n be_v no_o better_a than_o the_o equivocation_n of_o the_o jesuit_n who_o if_o they_o be_v ask_v whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a or_o not_o for_o subject_n to_o murder_v their_o king_n will_v tell_v you_o by_o no_o mean_n but_o it_o be_v still_o with_o this_o mental_a 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dare_v not_o insist_v upon_o it_o so_o that_o i_o do_v not_o now_o wonder_v that_o the_o gentleman_n of_o your_o principle_n be_v so_o violent_a for_o this_o right_n of_o resistance_n since_o it_o be_v only_o in_o order_n to_o introduce_v your_o darling_n doctrine_n of_o the_o people_n power_n of_o depose_v or_o lay_v aside_o their_o king_n as_o you_o term_v it_o whenever_o they_o shall_v judge_v they_o turn_v tyrant_n and_o have_v thereby_o forfeit_v their_o crown_n which_o be_v a_o most_o dangerous_a doctrine_n and_o if_o it_o shall_v take_v effect_n the_o prince_n of_o the_o world_n have_v need_n look_v about_o they_o since_o the_o people_n may_v make_v up_o such_o a_o pretence_n for_o aught_o i_o know_v even_o against_o the_o very_o best_a of_o they_o that_o be_v now_o regnant_n in_o europe_n but_o sure_o absolute_a monarch_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v out_v of_o their_o crown_n by_o strain_a consequence_n or_o force_a interpretation_n of_o law_n therefore_o pray_v show_v i_o this_o original_a contract_n you_o so_o much_o insist_v upon_o and_o those_o condition_n on_o which_o you_o suppose_v our_o limit_a monarch_n hold_v their_o crown_n i_o confess_v if_o you_o can_v show_v i_o any_o clause_n in_o our_o law_n or_o ancient_a form_n of_o the_o coronation_n of_o our_o king_n as_o there_o be_v at_o the_o coronation_n of_o the_o king_n of_o arragon_n wherein_o the_o chief_a justice_n on_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o people_n plain_o tell_v he_o that_o they_o make_v he_o king_n upon_o this_o condition_n that_o they_o will_v have_v more_o power_n than_o himself_o or_o that_o in_o the_o confer_v of_o the_o regal_a power_n it_o be_v express_o reserve_v in_o what_o case_n it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a for_o they_o to_o resist_v the_o king_n or_o to_o absolve_v his_o subject_n from_o their_o allegiance_n as_o bodin_n tell_v we_o it_o be_v express_o insert_v in_o the_o coronation_n oath_n of_o henry_n ii_o duke_n of_o anjou_n afterward_o king_n of_o france_n when_o he_o be_v 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the_o holy_a land_n almost_o two_o year_n before_o he_o can_v come_v over_o to_o be_v crown_v and_o k._n henry_n the_o six_o be_v not_o crown_v till_o the_o eight_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n as_o well_o as_o of_o his_o age._n but_o that_o our_o king_n be_v so_o by_o inheritance_n and_o by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o man_n previous_a to_o any_o coronation_n oath_n or_o consent_v of_o the_o people_n be_v express_o declare_v by_o the_o act_n of_o recognition_n of_o k._n james_n i._o and_o that_o treason_n can_v be_v commit_v against_o he_o before_o he_o be_v crown_v sir_n edward_n cook_n tell_v we_o in_o calvin_n case_n rep._n be_v the_o opinion_n of_o all_o the_o judge_n of_o england_n in_o the_o plot_n wherein_o watson_n and_o clerk_n the_o priest_n be_v execute_v and_o sir_n walter_n raleigh_n condemn_v so_o that_o what_o you_o have_v now_o urge_v from_o reason_n or_o authority_n of_o our_o ancient_a lawyer_n be_v either_o quite_o mistake_v or_o else_o do_v not_o reach_v the_o matter_n in_o hand_n that_o it_o can_v be_v make_v out_o from_o reason_n be_v plain_a since_o your_o whole_a argument_n be_v build_v upon_o this_o false_a foundation_n that_o it_o be_v lawful_a in_o some_o case_n to_o resist_v the_o king_n in_o case_n of_o a_o notorious_a breach_n of_o the_o fundamental_a law_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v necessary_a also_o to_o declare_v he_o to_o have_v forfeit_v his_o crown_n if_o he_o persist_v in_o this_o violation_n whereas_o i_o deny_v your_o assumption_n for_o i_o hold_v it_o utter_o unlawful_a to_o resist_v on_o any_o pretence_n or_o for_o any_o cause_n whatsoever_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o the_o king_n who_o as_o i_o say_v but_o now_o be_v a_o absolute_a unconditioned_a monarch_n to_o forfeit_v his_o crown_n for_o any_o such_o violation_n of_o your_o original_a contract_n or_o fundamental_a law_n of_o government_n so_o that_o let_v i_o tell_v you_o that_o the_o citation_n you_o have_v bring_v out_o of_o history_n as_o 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no_o man_n will_v say_v that_o their_o acclamation_n and_o cry_v yea_o yea_o will_v make_v our_o king_n elective_a any_o more_o than_o it_o can_v do_v it_o in_o the_o case_n of_o k._n william_n who_o have_v a_o title_n by_o conquest_n precedent_n to_o this_o prâ—tended_a election_n though_o i_o grant_v this_o custom_n may_v have_v be_v in_o use_n ever_o fine_v this_o coronation_n of_o the_o conqueror_n but_o that_o king_n william_n claim_v indeed_o by_o conquest_n and_o by_o no_o other_o title_n let_v we_o not_o mind_v his_o specious_a colourable_a pretence_n but_o his_o action_n which_o be_v the_o best_a interpreter_n of_o the_o thought_n of_o prince_n and_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o through_o all_o his_o reign_n he_o govern_v this_o kingdom_n as_o a_o conqueror_n and_o this_o i_o shall_v prove_v by_o make_v good_a the_o three_o instance_n i_o have_v already_o give_v of_o his_o great_a alteration_n of_o the_o property_n law_n and_o civil_a liberty_n of_o the_o people_n of_o this_o 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be_v give_v to_o monâ—gomery_n and_o further_o he_o take_v away_o from_o the_o english_a their_o estate_n and_o give_v they_o to_o his_o norman_n and_o this_o he_o do_v from_o his_o first_o come_v in_o for_o fitz-osbern_n be_v make_v earl_n of_o arundel_n and_o hereford_n at_o his_o first_o come_v in_o and_o be_v lord_n of_o bettivil_a in_o normandy_n and_o establish_v the_o law_n of_o that_o town_n at_o hereford_n alan_n earl_n of_o bâ—itain_n have_v all_o earl_n edwin_n land_n give_v to_o he_o at_o the_o siege_n of_o york_n about_o three_o year_n after_o his_o arrival_n to_o these_o i_o may_v add_v the_o 795_o manor_n robert_n earl_n of_o morâ—ton_n in_o normandy_n and_o cornwall_n in_o england_n have_v give_v to_o he_o by_o k._n william_n so_o likewise_o â—lan_o earl_n of_o britain_n and_o richmond_n 442_o manor_n and_o jeffery_n bishop_n of_o constance_n have_v 280_o manner_n give_v he_o by_o the_o conqueror_n beside_o many_o other_o land_n of_o the_o saxon_a earl_n thain_n etc._n etc._n be_v all_o give_v to_o the_o norman_n who_o take_v their_o title_n from_o king_n william_n conquer_a sword_n so_o that_o i_o think_v it_o be_v very_o evident_a that_o this_o king_n have_v distribute_v most_o of_o the_o land_n of_o the_o nation_n to_o his_o norman_n long_o before_o the_o survey_n be_v begin_v and_o by_o that_o infallible_a record_n it_o be_v clear_a that_o he_o give_v near_o all_o the_o land_n of_o the_o nation_n to_o his_o follower_n and_o very_o little_a or_o none_o to_o the_o english_a who_o hold_v that_o they_o have_v his_o new_a title_n and_o new_a service_n from_o the_o conqueror_n or_o his_o great_a lord_n or_o become_v tenant_n to_o or_o drudge_n upon_o their_o own_o land_n as_o we_o hear_v before_o from_o bracton_n and_o fleta_n here_o be_v enough_o to_o satisfy_v any_o unbiased_a person_n that_o thâ—_n conqueror_n do_v not_o lay_v by_o his_o sword_n after_o the_o battle_n of_o hastings_n f._n in_o answer_n to_o what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v concern_v your_o conqueror_n take_v away_o the_o land_n of_o a_o great_a many_o of_o the_o english_a nobility_n and_o gentry_n it_o be_v so_o apparent_a in_o matter_n of_o fact_n that_o it_o be_v a_o high_a piece_n of_o impudence_n to_o go_v about_o to_o deny_v it_o yet_o will_v it_o not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o what_o he_o thus_o dispose_v of_o be_v almost_o all_o the_o land_n of_o england_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o and_o by_o but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n to_o let_v you_o see_v that_o i_o be_o a_o fair_a adversary_n i_o will_v at_o present_a suppose_n that_o k._n william_n take_v away_o all_o the_o land_n from_o the_o former_a owner_n and_o give_v they_o to_o his_o follower_n who_o help_v he_o in_o his_o conquest_n but_o these_o be_v not_o only_o the_o norman_n his_o subject_n but_o french_a fleming_n anjovins_n britain_n poictovins_n and_o people_n of_o other_o â—_z who_o make_v up_o a_o great_a part_n of_o his_o army_n and_o come_v in_o with_o he_o under_o great_a and_o considerable_a man_n their_o leader_n and_o who_o your_o dr._n tell_v we_o come_v not_o out_o of_o staâ—k_a love_n and_o kindness_n 35._o without_o any_o consideration_n of_o share_v with_o and_o under_o he_o in_o the_o conquest_n now_o i_o desire_v to_o know_v by_o what_o law_n or_o act_n of_o they_o they_o thus_o constitute_v k._n william_n a_o absolute_a monarch_n over_o they_o and_o their_o descendant_n for_o as_o for_o the_o norman_n though_o they_o be_v its_o true_a his_o subject_n yet_o they_o enjoy_v divers_a considerable_a right_n and_o privilege_n at_o home_n and_o sure_o never_o intend_v to_o come_v over_o hither_o to_o make_v themselves_o as_o great_a slave_n as_o the_o people_n they_o have_v conquer_a much_o less_o can_v it_o be_v suppose_v of_o these_o of_o other_o nation_n who_o be_v not_o subject_n to_o duke_n william_n before_o
he_o be_v make_v king_n nor_o can_v i_o see_v how_o their_o take_n of_o land_n from_o he_o can_v make_v he_o become_v a_o absolute_a and_o irresistible_a monarch_n over_o they_o and_o their_o descendant_n so_o that_o if_o upon_o your_o supposition_n all_o the_o owner_n of_o land_n in_o england_n at_o this_o day_n hold_v their_o estate_n either_o by_o descent_n or_o purchase_n from_o those_o ancient_a norman_n or_o french_a proprietor_n they_o must_v also_o succeed_v to_o the_o same_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n as_o those_o under_o who_o they_o claim_v do_v former_o enjoy_v but_o before_o i_o conclude_v i_o can_v but_o take_v notice_n of_o what_o you_o have_v say_v against_o my_o proof_n of_o the_o formal_a election_n of_o king_n william_n for_o if_o the_o keep_n of_o a_o guard_n about_o the_o place_n where_o the_o king_n be_v elect_v and_o crown_v shall_v void_a the_o freedom_n of_o the_o election_n i_o doubt_v whether_o the_o election_n of_o any_o elective_a king_n or_o monarch_n 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conquer_v for_o they_o be_v either_o his_o own_o subject_n in_o aâ—â—mandâ—_n before_o his_o come_a oâ—eâ—_n hither_o or_o else_o be_v such_o volunteer_n who_o follow_v he_o but_o of_o hope_n of_o estate_n and_o brâ—ferment_n be_v for_o all_o those_o of_o the_o former_a 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d be_v his_o subject_n before_o they_o be_v tie_v not_o only_o by_o their_o 〈◊〉_d oath_n of_o a_o regiance_n which_o they_o have_v take_v in_o normandy_n but_o be_v also_o bind_v by_o the_o same_o obligation_n of_o non_fw-fr resistance_n as_o all_o other_o subject_n must_v always_o be_v both_o in_o that_o and_o all_o other_o government_n to_o all_o which_o be_v add_v another_o obligation_n in_o respect_n of_o those_o who_o be_v not_o his_o subject_n before_o his_o entrance_n since_o this_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v by_o conquest_n the_o conqueror_n as_o appear_v in_o that_o he_o bestow_v the_o 〈◊〉_d part_n of_o 〈◊〉_d his_o followeâ—â—_n who_o blood_n run_v at_o this_o day_n in_o the_o vein_n of_o most_o of_o our_o english_a gentry_n and_o nobility_n as_o a_o reward_n for_o their_o service_n and_o assistance_n though_o he_o may_v have_v some_o part_n to_o the_o english_a native_n and_o their_o heir_n yet_o so_o aâ—_n that_o he_o alter_v the_o tenure_n and_o make_v it_o descend_v with_o such_o burden_n as_o he_o please_v to_o lay_v upon_o they_o so_o that_o as_o well_o â—his_v own_o countryman_n norman_n as_o those_o of_o all_o other_o nation_n who_o thus_o become_v subject_n and_o feudatary_n to_o he_o for_o all_o the_o land_n they_o possess_v in_o england_n since_o he_o be_v the_o only_a directus_fw-la dominus_fw-la or_o lord_n paramount_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v also_o his_o vassal_n and_o subject_n for_o in_o case_n of_o treason_n and_o rebellion_n or_o death_n without_o heir_n those_o land_n be_v to_o return_v to_o he_o again_o and_o to_o be_v aâ—_n his_o dispossal_n so_o that_o all_o subject_n as_o well_o norman_n as_o other_o foreigner_n who_o have_v land_n grant_v to_o 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right_n custom_n and_o law_n of_o the_o country_n yet_o be_v he_o not_o liable_a to_o resistance_n much_o less_o forfeiture_n if_o he_o neglect_v it_o for_o though_o if_o subject_n break_v their_o covenant_n and_o prove_v disloyal_a all_o their_o land_n and_o other_o right_n be_v forfeit_v to_o the_o king_n yea_o if_o the_o king_n or_o supreme_a lord_n break_v his_o oaâ—â—â—_n notwithstanding_o his_o sail_v therein_o neither_o his_o crown_n nor_o any_o right_n belong_v to_o his_o royal_a dignity_n be_v thereby_o forfeit_v the_o reason_n of_o this_o inequality_n be_v because_o the_o king_n give_v law_n to_o the_o people_n but_o the_o people_n do_v not_o give_v law_n to_o he_o so_o that_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o however_o you_o 〈◊〉_d the_o conqueror_n entrance_n whether_o by_o the_o sword_n or_o to_o avoid_v the_o envy_n of_o the_o title_n of_o a_o conqueror_n by_o a_o voluntary_a submission_n of_o the_o english_a nation_n to_o he_o as_o to_o their_o sovereign_n the_o conclusion_n can_v vary_v because_o the_o duty_n of_o nonresistance_n arise_v from_o their_o own_o act_n they_o take_v a_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n to_o be_v his_o true_a and_o loyal_a subject_n with_o which_o oath_n resistance_n can_v by_o no_o mean_n consist_v f._n i_o must_v beg_v your_o pardon_n if_o i_o can_v take_v what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v for_o a_o satisfactory_a answer_n since_o i_o doubt_v it_o will_v do_v you_o little_a service_n whether_o you_o make_v use_v of_o it_o either_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o norman_n or_o other_o foreigner_n for_o as_o to_o the_o soâ—mâ—r_n it_o appear_v from_o the_o ancient_a constitution_n of_o normandy_n that_o the_o duke_n be_v no_o absolute_a monarch_n there_o but_o feudatary_a to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o far_o can_v make_v no_o law_n nor_o impose_v tax_n in_o normandy_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o that_o duchy_n as_o
appear_v by_o the_o title_n to_o the_o latin_a custom_n of_o normandy_n which_o be_v at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o old_a french_a edition_n of_o the_o constumiers_fw-fr de_fw-fr normandy_n print_v at_o râ—aâ—_n 1515._o the_o title_n of_o which_o be_v thuâ—_n jura_n &_o consuetudines_fw-la ducatus_fw-la noâ—maniae_fw-la the_o prologue_n to_o which_o begin_v thus_o quoniam_fw-la leges_fw-la &_o instituta_fw-la quae_fw-la normanorum_n principes_fw-la non_fw-la sint_fw-la magna_fw-la provisionis_fw-la industria_n praelatorum_fw-la comitum_fw-la &_o baronum_n nec_fw-la non_fw-la &_o caeterorum_fw-la virorum_fw-la prudentum_fw-la consilio_fw-la &_o assensu_fw-la ad_fw-la salutem_fw-la humani_fw-la foederis_fw-la statuerunt_fw-la whereby_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o normandy_n be_v make_v by_o the_o advice_n and_o consent_n of_o the_o estate_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o that_o humane_a covenant_n they_o have_v former_o make_v with_o their_o first_o duke_n 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my_o office_n of_o marshal_n without_o the_o judgement_n of_o my_o peer_n and_o have_v proclaim_v i_o banish_v through_o all_o england_n he_o have_v burn_v my_o house_n destroy_v my_o land_n etc._n etc._n he_o have_v more_o than_o once_o defy_v i_o when_o i_o be_v always_o ready_a to_o stand_v to_o the_o judgement_n of_o my_o peer_n from_o which_o time_n say_v he_o i_o cease_v to_o be_v the_o king_n liegeman_n and_o be_v absolve_v from_o his_o homage_n not_o by_o myself_o but_o by_o he_o and_o whereas_o you_o say_v that_o though_o the_o king_n or_o supreme_a lord_n can_v forfeit_v his_o right_n though_o he_o break_v his_o part_n of_o the_o compact_a because_o of_o the_o inequality_n which_o there_o be_v between_o a_o king_n and_o a_o subject_a then_o this_o prerogative_n of_o nonresistance_n do_v not_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n as_o he_o be_v supreme_a lord_n of_o the_o land_n but_o as_o he_o be_v king_n and_o giveth_z law_n to_o the_o subject_n which_o may_v have_v some_o colour_n of_o truth_n in_o absolute_a monarchy_n but_o be_v of_o no_o force_n either_o in_o the_o government_n of_o normandy_n or_o england_n where_o the_o duke_n or_o king_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o his_o estate_n never_o can_v alone_o make_v law_n but_o as_o i_o will_v not_o deny_v our_o government_n to_o be_v a_o monarchy_n so_o it_o be_v as_o certain_a that_o it_o be_v limit_v in_o the_o very_a constitution_n either_o by_o the_o saxon_n or_o norman_n begin_v where_o you_o please_v and_o therefore_o my_o conclusion_n still_o hold_v good_a that_o if_o the_o english_a have_v now_o succeed_v to_o those_o very_a land_n and_o privilege_n which_o the_o norman_n ancient_o enjoy_v than_o whatsoever_o right_o or_o liberty_n the_o english_a proprietor_n of_o estate_n do_v at_o this_o day_n enjoy_v they_o do_v not_o only_o hold_v they_o as_o the_o successor_n and_o descendant_n of_o those_o norman_n and_o frenchman_n but_o be_v also_o restore_v to_o they_o jure_fw-la postliminii_fw-la as_o you_o 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nobleman_n or_o gentleman_n who_o hold_v land_n in_o divers_a county_n of_o england_n at_o the_o time_n when_o that_o survey_n be_v make_v and_o for_o proof_n of_o this_o since_o so_o short_a a_o conversation_n as_o we_o will_v not_o permit_v i_o to_o run_v into_o a_o long_a bead-roll_n of_o name_n i_o refer_v you_o to_o what_o the_o learned_a and_o ingenious_a mr._n atwood_n in_o his_o ius_n anglorum_fw-la ab_fw-la antiqua_fw-la 92._o have_v observe_v out_o of_o doomsday_n book_n upon_o this_o subject_n where_o though_o he_o have_v not_o only_o go_v through_o but_o go_v over_o fifteen_o county_n of_o thirty_o that_o be_v survey_v in_o that_o book_n yet_o it_o will_v thereby_o sufficient_o appear_v that_o your_o dr._n be_v much_o mistake_v when_o he_o so_o positive_o affirm_v that_o there_o be_v few_o or_o no_o englishman_n that_o hold_v land_n in_o england_n but_o to_o give_v you_o a_o taste_n of_o this_o i_o shall_v run_v through_o as_o many_o county_n as_o mr._n atwood_n have_v 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qui_fw-la residui_fw-la grant_v these_o be_v only_o the_o antiqui_fw-la
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which_o they_o enjoy_v under_o the_o english_a saxon_a king_n m._n i_o never_o hear_v so_o much_o before_o concern_v the_o original_a use_n of_o the_o french_a tongue_n in_o our_o report_n and_o law_n book_n but_o yet_o this_o much_o i_o think_v you_o will_v not_o deny_v first_o that_o the_o norman_a french_a be_v never_o use_v in_o our_o court_n of_o justice_n till_o after_o the_o conqueror_n entrance_n second_o that_o he_o do_v his_o endeavour_n total_o to_o root_v out_o the_o english_a tongue_n by_o order_v of_o child_n to_o learn_v the_o first_o rudiment_n of_o their_o grammar_n in_o french_a and_o as_o for_o what_o you_o have_v say_v concern_v the_o customary_a of_o normandy_n be_v especial_o as_o to_o tenor_n derive_v from_o the_o english_a law_n and_o custom_n i_o do_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o it_o may_v be_v the_o opinion_n of_o some_o french_a writer_n that_o it_o be_v so_o but_o i_o shall_v believe_v it_o when_o they_o can_v prove_v that_o the_o wardship_n and_o marriage_n of_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o
quantity_n of_o pamphlet_n that_o have_v be_v write_v upon_o these_o subject_n as_o also_o that_o such_o as_o have_v peruse_v they_o may_v find_v together_o in_o this_o and_o the_o follow_a discourse_n all_o that_o have_v be_v urge_v on_o the_o one_o side_n or_o other_o upon_o these_o important_a subject_n and_o since_o the_o great_a number_n of_o treatise_n of_o this_o kind_n have_v rather_o serve_v to_o confound_v than_o instruct_v ordinary_a reader_n i_o resolve_v to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o word_n of_o very_a few_o of_o they_o only_o to_o take_v the_o chief_a and_o strong_a argument_n on_o either_o side_n and_o fair_o to_o represent_v they_o at_o once_o to_o the_o reader_n view_v who_o i_o hope_n have_v the_o discretion_n to_o judge_v which_o be_v best_a since_o i_o declare_v i_o write_v for_o no_o party_n but_o pure_o for_o truth_n and_o therefore_o i_o have_v now_o and_o shall_v still_o endeavour_v to_o avoid_v all_o personal_a reflection_n in_o this_o as_o well_o as_o the_o ensue_a dialogue_n not_o only_o on_o their_o present_a majesty_n but_o also_o on_o king_n james_n since_o i_o remember_v he_o be_v a_o crown_a head_n and_o be_v still_o the_o father_n of_o our_o illustrious_a queen_n let_v his_o fail_n have_v be_v what_o they_o will_n but_o i_o hope_v the_o reader_n will_v not_o be_v scandalize_v if_o i_o have_v so_o far_o follow_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o able_a divine_n as_o well_o as_o lawyer_n of_o this_o and_o other_o nation_n in_o make_v one_o of_o the_o party_n in_o this_o dialogue_n assert_v the_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n we_o the_o only_a just_a and_o natural_a mean_n of_o confer_v a_o just_a right_n to_o civil_a power_n since_o the_o learned_a mr._n hooker_n in_o his_o first_o book_n of_o ecclesiastical_a policy_n lay_v it_o down_o as_o a_o principle_n 70._o that_o in_o every_o politic_a societyâ—â—â—t_n be_v impossible_a that_o any_o shall_v have_v complete_a lawful_a powâ—â—_n buâ—â—y_v the_o consent_n of_o man_n or_o the_o immediate_a appointment_n of_o god_n and_o chancellor_n fortescue_n in_o his_o discourse_n de_fw-fr laudibus_fw-la legum_n angliae_fw-la 12_o and_o 13._o chapter_n suppose_v all_o kingly_a â—ower_n as_o well_o what_o be_v absolute_a as_o that_o which_o be_v politic_a or_o limit_v by_o law_n to_o have_v proceed_v at_o first_o from_o the_o people_n consent_n not_o that_o the_o power_n itself_o be_v otherwise_o than_o from_o god_n only_o he_o have_v make_v use_n of_o the_o people_n as_o a_o instrument_n whereby_o to_o convey_v it_o and_o i_o hope_v none_o of_o those_o who_o be_v still_o for_o king_n james_n interest_n will_v be_v offend_v at_o this_o doctrine_n since_o those_o that_o have_v write_v with_o the_o great_a judgement_n for_o his_o absolute_a indefeasible_a title_n to_o the_o crown_n have_v place_v it_o in_o his_o legal_a right_n to_o it_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n which_o all_o must_v own_v can_v not_o have_v be_v make_v without_o the_o people_n consent_n i_o have_v but_o one_o thing_n more_o to_o desire_v of_o you_o which_o be_v your_o patience_n and_o attention_n if_o some_o of_o the_o speech_n in_o this_o dialogue_n be_v long_o than_o ordinary_a since_o they_o be_v upon_o subject_n that_o will_v not_o well_o bear_v interruption_n and_o to_o tell_v you_o far_o the_o press_n stay_v for_o the_o sheet_n i_o have_v not_o time_n to_o make_v they_o short_a the_o eleven_o dialogue_n between_o mr._n meanwell_n a_o civilian_n and_o mr._n freeman_n a_o gentleman_n f._n dear_o sir_n you_o be_v welcome_a to_o town_n you_o have_v be_v absent_a a_o long_a time_n and_o indeed_o i_o wonder_v how_o you_o can_v stay_v away_o so_o long_o when_o such_o greaâ—_n thing_n as_o the_o king_n to_o have_v abdicate_v and_o place_v his_o son_n and_o daughter_n in_o the_o throne_n have_v be_v transact_v m._n i_o thank_v you_o kind_o sir_n but_o yet_o i_o must_v tell_v you_o that_o i_o have_v be_v so_o little_o satisfy_v with_o what_o your_o convention_n have_v do_v in_o these_o matter_n that_o the_o very_a hear_n of_o it_o have_v be_v a_o great_a affliction_n to_o i_o and_o it_o will_v have_v certain_o be_v a_o much_o great_a have_v i_o be_v upon_o the_o place_n and_o see_v such_o horrid_a thing_n as_o the_o deposition_n of_o a_o king_n the_o disinherit_n of_o his_o right_a heir_n and_o the_o set_n up_o the_o prince_n and_o princess_n of_o orange_n who_o certain_o can_v have_v no_o right_n to_o the_o crown_n as_o long_a 〈◊〉_d the_o king_n live_v nor_o yet_o after_o his_o death_n as_o long_o as_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n be_v in_o be_v f._n i_o confess_v these_o be_v very_o high_a charge_n if_o they_o will_v hold_v but_o if_o you_o please_v to_o consider_v the_o hypothesis_n i_o propose_v at_o our_o last_o meeting_n that_o the_o king_n have_v by_o breach_n of_o the_o original_a contract_n make_v between_o his_o ancestor_n and_o predecessor_n and_o the_o people_n of_o this_o nation_n to_o observe_v the_o fundamental_a law_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n forfeit_v his_o right_n to_o the_o crown_n all_o that_o have_v be_v do_v in_o this_o great_a affair_n i_o suppose_v may_v be_v very_o well_o maintain_v and_o justify_v from_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o of_o maintain_v the_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o the_o government_n and_o therefore_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o put_v you_o in_o mind_n how_o far_o i_o have_v proceed_v in_o the_o pâ—ooâ—_n of_o this_o assertion_n first_o i_o have_v make_v out_o that_o the_o king_n of_o this_o realâ—_n be_v not_o the_o sole_a supreme_a power_n thereof_o neither_o ever_o be_v so_o from_o the_o very_a institution_n of_o kingly_a government_n in_o this_o island_n second_o i_o have_v also_o prove_v that_o the_o king_n not_o have_v the_o sole_a power_n must_v hold_v that_o share_n thereof_o which_o he_o enjoy_v upon_o this_o imply_v or_o tacit_n condition_n that_o if_o he_o usurp_v what_o do_v not_o belong_v to_o he_o and_o the_o people_n do_v assert_v their_o right_n by_o oppose_v his_o unjust_a violence_n and_o usurpation_n and_o that_o he_o still_o obstinate_o persist_v in_o this_o violation_n he_o certain_o thereby_o lose_v and_o forfeit_v not_o only_o that_o part_n of_o the_o power_n which_o he_o so_o unjust_o usurp_v but_o also_o his_o own_o too_o and_o for_o this_o i_o give_v you_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o learned_a grotius_n at_o our_o last_o meet_v three_o i_o have_v also_o answer_v your_o main_a argument_n of_o king_n william_n the_o conqueror_n obtain_v by_o the_o sword_n and_o conquest_n of_o king_n harold_n a_o absolute_a right_n and_o unconditioned_a power_n foâ—_n himself_o and_o his_o successorâ—_n descend_v from_o he_o over_o the_o people_n of_o this_o kingdom_n for_o i_o think_v i_o have_v sufficient_o make_v out_o that_o king_n william_n have_v no_o other_o right_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n than_o by_o the_o testament_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n and_o the_o eâ—ection_n and_o recognition_n of_o the_o people_n and_o this_o i_o have_v prove_v from_o the_o unexceptionable_a authority_n of_o the_o best_a historian_n of_o that_o time_n so_o that_o if_o he_o afterward_o act_v otherwise_o and_o contrary_a to_o his_o coronation_n oath_n it_o be_v not_o as_o a_o lawful_a king_n but_o as_o a_o tyrant_n and_o a_o usurper_n on_o the_o right_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o people_n and_o can_v not_o by_o his_o own_o unjust_a act_n acquire_v any_o lawful_a power_n so_o to_o govern_v this_o kingdom_n and_o therefore_o whatever_o title_n king_n william_n or_o his_o successor_n can_v pretend_v to_o it_o must_v be_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o election_n of_o the_o first_o king_n of_o the_o saxon_a line_n from_o who_o all_o the_o king_n of_o england_n since_o henry_n y._n be_v descend_v and_o consequent_o aâ—e_v oblige_v to_o hold_v the_o crown_n under_o the_o same_o condition_n on_o which_o it_o be_v first_o confer_v and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o ever_o since_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n i._o the_o crown_n have_v be_v no_o long_o claim_v by_o election_n but_o by_o succession_n of_o he_o that_o real_o be_v or_o else_o be_v presume_v to_o be_v the_o right_a heir_n yet_o this_o different_a way_n of_o acquire_v the_o crown_n do_v not_o at_o all_o alter_v the_o condition_n or_o manner_n of_o hold_v it_o sâ—â—e_z ouâ—_n king_n have_v always_o after_o that_o time_n as_o before_o be_v tie_v to_o the_o same_o or_o rather_o â—â—â—cter_n terâ—â—_n in_o their_o coronation_n oath_n to_o observe_v and_o keep_v the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o this_o realm_n and_o also_o that_o the_o power_n of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o parliament_n make_v law_n raise_v tax_n and_o redress_v of_o grievance_n arise_v 〈◊〉_d the_o unjust_a exercise_n and_o illegal_a encroachment_n of_o the_o king_n prerogative_n have_v be_v exert_v
want_v to_o the_o make_v such_o a_o master_n of_o a_o family_n a_o lawful_a and_o absolute_a prince_n provide_v he_o be_v endue_v with_o such_o power_n as_o to_o be_v able_a to_o protect_v they_o yet_o all_o this_o while_n without_o suppose_v any_o new_a divine_a authority_n to_o be_v infuse_v by_o god_n upon_o his_o accession_n to_o this_o dignity_n m._n i_o confess_v you_o have_v give_v i_o a_o more_o exact_a account_n concern_v your_o sense_n of_o this_o matter_n than_o ever_o i_o have_v before_o and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v not_o further_o dispute_v this_o point_n with_o you_o only_o let_v i_o tell_v you_o that_o upon_o this_o hypothesis_n of_o you_o be_v found_v that_o desperate_a opinion_n concern_v the_o real_a authority_n or_o majesty_n of_o the_o people_n which_o the_o commonwealth_n man_n suppose_v still_o to_o reside_v in_o the_o diffusive_a body_n thereof_o after_o the_o government_n be_v institute_v and_o by_o virtue_n of_o which_o they_o suppose_v there_o still_o remain_v a_o power_n in_o they_o to_o call_v their_o king_n or_o governor_n to_o a_o account_n and_o punish_v they_o for_o tyranny_n or_o any_o other_o suppose_a fault_n against_o the_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o the_o government_n or_o the_o original_a contract_n as_o those_o of_o your_o party_n be_v please_v to_o term_v it_o f._n well_o then_o to_o let_v you_o see_v i_o be_o none_o of_o those_o commonwealth_n man_n who_o maintain_v any_o such_o desperate_a doctrine_n here_o i_o do_v free_o own_v that_o where_o the_o people_n have_v part_v with_o their_o whole_a power_n either_o to_o a_o monarch_n or_o else_o to_o a_o supreme_a council_n or_o senate_n from_o thenceforth_o they_o have_v nothing_o at_o all_o to_o do_v to_o call_v such_o governor_n to_o a_o account_n or_o to_o punish_v they_o for_o the_o high_a tyranny_n or_o oppression_n they_o can_v commit_v the_o utmost_a i_o have_v allow_v as_o lawful_a to_o be_v do_v in_o this_o case_n in_o all_o the_o conversation_n we_o have_v have_v be_v no_o more_o than_o this_o that_o the_o people_n in_o case_n they_o see_v themselves_o like_a to_o be_v destroy_v and_o ruin_v both_o in_o their_o persoâ—â—_n conscience_n and_o estate_n may_v even_o under_o the_o most_o absolute_a government_n stand_v upon_o their_o own_o defence_n and_o prevent_v their_o be_v thus_o total_o ruin_v and_o may_v also_o cast_v off_o all_o allegiance_n to_o such_o power_n in_o case_n they_o refuse_v to_o treat_v they_o with_o great_a justice_n and_o moderation_n for_o the_o future's_n but_o as_o for_o such_o limit_v or_o mix_v government_n as_o we_o be_v where_o the_o people_n have_v still_o retain_v a_o share_n in_o the_o legislature_n and_o also_o in_o the_o raise_n of_o public_a tax_n yet_o since_o the_o king_n be_v by_o law_n exempt_v from_o punishment_n or_o render_v any_o account_n of_o his_o action_n either_o to_o the_o people_n or_o their_o representative_n the_o utmost_a that_o i_o contend_v for_o be_v that_o since_o the_o king_n receive_v only_o a_o limit_a power_n of_o rule_v according_a to_o such_o and_o such_o law_n and_o will_v usurp_v that_o share_n of_o the_o government_n that_o do_v not_o belong_v to_o he_o in_o such_o case_n if_o he_o refuse_v to_o amend_v than_o they_o may_v resist_v his_o officer_n and_o minister_n nay_o himself_n in_o person_n in_o the_o execution_n of_o such_o violent_a and_o illegal_a action_n and_o if_o he_o still_o prsi_v and_o rceâ—use_n to_o amend_v that_o then_o at_o last_o they_o may_v proceed_v to_o declare_v that_o he_o have_v forfeit_v his_o crown_n or_o regal_a right_n of_o rule_v over_o they_o and_o then_o in_o such_o case_n i_o hold_v that_o it_o again_o devolve_v to_o the_o people_n from_o who_o it_o first_o proceed_v and_o that_o this_o be_v no_o new_a doctrine_n i_o have_v the_o authority_n of_o fortescut_n on_o my_o side_n 〈…〉_z who_o in_o his_o treatise_n de_fw-fr laudibusâ—_n legum_n angliae_fw-la where_o after_o have_v show_v that_o all_o political_a or_o limit_a government_n proceed_v at_o first_o from_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n proceed_v thus_o addressing_z himself_z to_z prince_z henry_n son_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o vi_o for_o who_o he_o compose_v this_o work_n habâ—s_v ex_fw-la hâ—c_fw-la 〈◊〉_d princâ—â—s_v institutionis_fw-la politici_fw-la regni_fw-la formam_fw-la ex_fw-la qâ—â—_n metiri_fw-la poteris_fw-la potestatem_fw-la quam_fw-la rex_fw-la ejuâ—_n 〈◊〉_d legis_fw-la ipsius_fw-la aut_fw-la subditos_fw-la valeat_fw-la exercire_fw-la ad_fw-la tutelam_fw-la â—amous_a legis_fw-la ac_fw-la subdit_fw-la orum_fw-la â—â—rum_fw-la corporum_fw-la &_o â—onorum_fw-la rex_fw-la hujuâ—modi_fw-la erectus_fw-la est_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la hanc_fw-la potestatem_fw-la a_o populo_fw-la affluxam_fw-la ipsi_fw-la habet_fw-la quo_fw-la eiâ—noâ—_n licâ—t_fw-la potestate_fw-la aliâ_fw-la suâ—_n popule_n dâ—minarâ—_n from_o whence_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o he_o call_v the_o government_n of_o this_o kingdom_n not_o regnum_fw-la simple_o but_o regnum_fw-la politicum_fw-la that_o be_v a_o politic_a or_o limit_a kingdom_n in_o opposition_n to_o regnum_fw-la absolutum_fw-la make_v up_o of_o divers_a part_n this_o he_o call_v a_o â—ower_n flow_v or_o proceed_v from_o the_o people_n and_o if_o it_o thus_o proceed_v from_o the_o people_n it_o must_v certain_o return_v to_o they_o again_o upon_o the_o failure_n of_o the_o condition_n to_o be_v perform_v on_o his_o part_n noâ—_n do_v this_o suppose_v any_o real_a majesty_n or_o authority_n in_o they_o who_o take_v this_o forfeiture_n any_o more_o than_o be_v â—o's_n suppose_v it_o in_o the_o people_n according_a to_o your_o own_o hypothesis_n when_o the_o civil_a authority_n do_v again_o devolve_v to_o they_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o a_o king_n without_o lawful_a heir_n m._n i_o do_v now_o very_o well_o understand_v your_o hypothesis_n but_o i_o think_v prince_n be_v not_o thereby_o in_o a_o better_a condition_n by_o be_v thus_o unaccountable_a to_o and_o unpunishable_a by_o the_o people_n but_o that_o they_o be_v father_n in_o a_o much_o worse_o since_o you_o say_v they_o may_v resist_v nay_o kill_v they_o when_o they_o be_v once_o enter_v into_o a_o state_n of_o war_n against_o they_o for_o whereas_o where_o prince_n be_v accountable_a to_o their_o people_n or_o senate_n they_o may_v then_o be_v admit_v to_o be_v hear_v to_o make_v their_o defence_n in_o case_n of_o any_o oppression_n or_o misgovernment_n lay_v to_o their_o charge_n as_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n may_v at_o this_o day_n to_o the_o great_a assembly_n of_o estate_n or_o dyeâ—_n of_o the_o nation_n whereas_o in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o king_n as_o you_o have_v put_v it_o though_o he_o be_v not_o accountable_a to_o the_o parliament_n yet_o he_o be_v still_o liable_a to_o that_o which_o be_v more_o dangerous_a viz._n to_o be_v judge_v censure_v and_o declare_v forfeit_n by_o every_o considerable_a fellow_n of_o the_o rabble_n on_o pretence_n of_o violate_v this_o original_a contract_n and_o have_v break_v the_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o the_o government_n and_o so_o shall_v be_v condemn_v unheard_a and_o perhaps_o without_o any_o just_a cause_n so_o that_o i_o think_v a_o man_n have_v as_o good_a be_v a_o bâ—â—ward_n as_o a_o king_n upon_o such_o term._n f._n the_o man_n of_o your_o principle_n i_o see_v be_v not_o to_o be_v please_v unless_o prince_n may_v do_v whatever_o they_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o without_o control_n or_o any_o man_n judge_v or_o oppose_v the_o illegality_n of_o their_o action_n for_o if_o a_o parliament_n take_v upon_o its_o self_n to_o judge_v of_o the_o king_n action_n this_o be_v call_v their_o prince_n to_o a_o account_n and_o a_o thing_n against_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n as_o also_o that_o of_o nation_n if_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o people_n take_v upon_o they_o to_o judge_v when_o he_o have_v violate_v the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o break_v the_o original_a contract_n and_o thereupon_o resist_v he_o 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to_o the_o purpose_n as_o long_o as_o the_o thing_n itself_o remain_v the_o same_o in_o substance_n as_o it_o be_v before_o for_o it_o can_v never_o be_v think_v to_o have_v be_v the_o intent_n of_o the_o people_n who_o establish_v this_o form_n of_o government_n that_o upon_o the_o extinction_n of_o the_o royal_a family_n the_o government_n shall_v be_v so_o quite_o dissolve_v as_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v leave_v to_o the_o confuse_a multitude_n to_o choose_v what_o form_n of_o government_n they_o shall_v think_v fit_a therefore_o to_o conclude_v i_o wish_v you_o will_v be_v persuade_v to_o own_o this_o government_n as_o it_o be_v now_o establish_v and_o to_o take_v 〈◊〉_d oath_n of_o allegiance_n which_o be_v enjoin_v by_o the_o declaration_n of_o the_o convention_n who_o be_v the_o only_a proper_a and_o legal_a judge_n we_o can_v now_o have_v of_o confer_v the_o right_n of_o those_o to_o who_o our_o allegiance_n be_v due_a and_o if_o in_o case_n a_o dispute_n about_o the_o right_a 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opinion_n but_o if_o king_n james_n have_v true_o abdicate_v or_o forfeit_v the_o crown_n as_o i_o hope_v i_o have_v sufficient_o make_v out_o and_o that_o your_o suppose_a prince_n of_o wales_n either_o be_v not_o real_o or_o else_o can_v now_o be_v prove_v to_o be_v the_o true_a son_n of_o the_o queen_n by_o reason_n of_o those_o obstacle_n and_o impediment_n i_o have_v show_v you_o i_o can_v see_v any_o thing_n to_o the_o contrary_a why_o you_o shall_v not_o be_v whole_o free_a and_o discharge_v from_o your_o former_a oath_n of_o allegiance_n to_o king_n james_n so_o that_o king_n william_n and_o queen_n mary_n be_v now_o place_v on_o the_o throne_n your_o allegiance_n to_o king_n james_n and_o the_o suppose_a prince_n of_o wales_n be_v lawful_o determine_v pray_v tell_v i_o therefore_o
why_o you_o can_v take_v this_o new_a oath_n of_o allegiance_n since_o you_o have_v the_o judgement_n and_o declaration_n of_o the_o convention_n which_o be_v the_o representative_a of_o the_o whole_a nation_n to_o justify_v you_o in_o so_o do_v m._n i_o must_v tell_v you_o once_o again_o that_o i_o think_v allegiance_n be_v not_o only_o due_a to_o the_o king_n by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n but_o also_o by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o nature_n and_o consequent_o can_v be_v dissolve_v by_o any_o subsequent_a judgement_n of_o a_o convention_n who_o be_v and_o always_o aught_o to_o be_v subject_n to_o he_o and_o his_o right_a heir_n as_o long_o as_o they_o be_v in_o be_v and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v not_o allow_v the_o prince_n and_o princess_n of_o orange_n for_o such_o be_v the_o king_n now_o actual_o dead_a nay_o if_o king_n james_n himself_o have_v stay_v in_o england_n and_o have_v be_v so_o over_o awe_v by_o fear_n or_o overcome_v by_o persuasion_n as_o to_o have_v declare_v 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to_o take_v this_o oath_n in_o this_o low_a and_o qualify_a sense_n that_o you_o will_v now_o put_v upon_o it_o since_o beside_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n themselves_o i_o be_o very_a well_o satisfy_v that_o the_o imposer_n of_o this_o oath_n do_v intend_v something_o more_o than_o a_o bare_a negative_a obedience_n to_o the_o present_a power_n since_o it_o be_v the_o only_a oath_n which_o be_v require_v from_o those_o who_o take_v employment_n either_o civil_a or_o military_a and_o from_o who_o certain_o not_o only_o a_o passive_a obedience_n or_o submission_n but_o also_o a_o active_a obedience_n and_o assistance_n be_v require_v in_o defend_v the_o crown_n and_o dignity_n of_o the_o present_a king_n and_o queen_n de_fw-fr facto_fw-la with_o their_o life_n and_o fortune_n against_o all_o person_n whatsoever_o or_o else_o how_o can_v the_o present_a government_n ever_o trust_v they_o and_o all_o this_o can_v be_v swear_v to_o without_o a_o breach_n of_o that_o oath_n 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and_o legal_a sense_n of_o that_o word_n i_o think_v it_o can_v no_o way_n consist_v with_o that_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n i_o have_v already_o take_v since_o allegiance_n be_v thus_o explain_v in_o the_o next_o follow_v word_n of_o the_o oath_n i_o have_v already_o take_v and_o he_o and_o they_o viz._n the_o king_n and_o his_o heir_n i_o will_v defend_v to_o the_o utmost_a of_o my_o power_n against_o all_o conspiracy_n and_o attempt_n whatsoever_o that_o shall_v be_v make_v against_o he_o or_o their_o person_n crown_n and_o dignity_n now_o what_o kind_n of_o assistance_n be_v here_o mean_v by_o the_o word_n defend_v may_v be_v understand_v from_o all_o the_o writer_n of_o our_o feudal_a law_n 15._o who_o expound_v the_o jus_o defensorium_fw-la by_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o word_n protegere_fw-la imply_v a_o necessity_n of_o defend_v by_o arm_n as_o due_a from_o the_o supreme_a lord_n or_o sovereign_n and_o further_o that_o subject_n be_v in_o the_o same_o sense_n reciprocal_o bind_v to_o defend_v the_o honour_n and_o dignity_n of_o their_o sovereign_n and_o these_o word_n allegiance_n and_o the_o defence_n that_o follow_v it_o may_v be_v likewise_o understand_v from_o our_o feudal_a law_n whereby_o the_o vassal_n be_v bind_v by_o their_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n as_o also_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o tenure_n of_o their_o land_n to_o a_o military_a defence_n of_o their_o supreme_a lord_n the_o king_n from_o who_o all_o the_o land_n in_o england_n be_v hold_v and_o this_o be_v according_a to_o glanvil_n and_o all_o our_o old_a lawyer_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o military_a tenor_n be_v all_o now_o take_v away_o by_o a_o late_a statute_n yet_o be_o i_o still_o oblige_v to_o the_o like_a defence_n of_o the_o king_n and_o his_o heir_n not_o only_o from_o the_o word_n of_o this_o oath_n but_o from_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n also_o which_o oblige_v all_o the_o subject_n that_o be_v capable_a to_o take_v up_o arm_n for_o the_o king_n when_o need_n shall_v require_v which_o my_o be_n thus_o further_o prove_v first_o from_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n 52._o and_o william_n the_o conqueror_n by_o both_o which_o all_o the_o people_n or_o freemen_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v to_o affirm_v upon_o their_o faith_n and_o oath_n within_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o without_o that_o they_o will_v be_v faithful_a to_o to_o their_o sovereign_a lord_n king_n william_n and_o every_o where_o preserve_v his_o land_n and_o honour_n with_o all_o fidelity_n ibid._n and_o with_o he_o will_v defend_v they_o against_o all_o his_o enemy_n to_o this_o succeed_v that_o which_o the_o lord_n coke_n call_v legal_a ligeance_n 14._o or_o the_o common-law-oath_n of_o allegiance_n which_o he_o cite_v out_o of_o britton_n who_o write_v under_o edward_n i._o which_o all_o the_o subject_n be_v oblige_v to_o take_v at_o twelve_o year_n of_o age_n at_o the_o sheriffs-court_n and_o at_o the_o leete_n and_o without_o the_o take_n of_o which_o they_o have_v no_o warrant_n to_o abide_v in_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o form_n of_o it_o be_v this_o effect_n you_o shall_v swear_v that_o from_o this_o day_n forward_o you_o shall_v be_v true_a and_o faithful_a to_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n and_o his_o heir_n and_o truth_n and_o faith_n shall_v bear_v of_o life_n and_o member_n and_o terrene_a honour_n and_o you_o shall_v neither_o know_v nor_o hear_v of_o any_o ill_a or_o damage_n which_o you_o shall_v not_o defend_v that_o be_v oppose_v to_o the_o utmost_a of_o your_o power_n and_o my_o lord_n coke_n also_o here_o inform_v we_o that_o five_o thing_n be_v observe_v by_o all_o the_o judge_n from_o this_o oath_n in_o the_o debate_n of_o calvin_n case_n first_o that_o for_o the_o time_n of_o its_o obligation_n it_o be_v indefinite_a and_o without_o limit_n second_o two_o excellent_a quality_n be_v require_v that_o be_v to_o be_v true_a and_o faithful_a three_o to_o who_o to_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n and_o his_o heir_n four_o in_o what_o manner_n and_o say_v and_o troth_n shall_v bear_v of_o life_n and_o member_n that_o be_v until_o the_o let_v out_o the_o last_o drop_n of_o our_o dear_a heart_n blood_n five_o where_o and_o in_o what_o place_n in_o all_o place_n whatsoever_o for_o you_o shall_v neither_o know_v nor_o hear_v of_o any_o ill_n which_o you_o shall_v not_o defend_v such_o be_v the_o ligeance_n which_o the_o law_n have_v prescribe_v in_o that_o ancient_a oath_n which_o be_v still_o in_o force_n it_o be_v neither_o circumscribe_v by_o time_n nor_o place_n it_o be_v unconditionate_n and_o unreserved_a it_o be_v not_o a_o lazy_a passive_a allegiance_n require_v nothing_o but_o pure_a submission_n but_o a_o active_a and_o vigorous_a loyalty_n exact_v all_o that_o be_v in_o the_o sphere_n of_o moral_a possibility_n and_o engage_v we_o to_o
also_o to_o those_o of_o justice_n and_o right_a reason_n for_o a_o usurper_n not_o only_o to_o seize_v the_o throne_n by_o force_n but_o if_o he_o can_v once_o get_v himself_o solemn_o crown_v and_o then_o recognise_v by_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n of_o his_o own_o call_n which_o yourself_o can_v deny_v but_o to_o have_v be_v ever_o too_o obsequious_a to_o the_o will_n and_o power_n of_o usurper_n as_o appear_v by_o those_o instance_n you_o have_v give_v i_o in_o henry_n the_o ivth_o henry_n the_o vith_o and_o richard_n the_o iiid_n the_o consequence_n will_v then_o be_v that_o the_o whole_a nation_n will_v not_o be_v only_o bind_v to_o swear_v allegiance_n to_o he_o but_o will_v be_v also_o oblige_v by_o this_o act_n to_o descend_v he_o in_o his_o tyranny_n and_o usurpation_n to_o the_o utmost_a of_o their_o power_n and_o it_o will_v also_o indemnify_v they_o for_o so_o do_v which_o will_v be_v to_o establish_v iniquity_n by_o a_o law_n and_o will_v destroy_v all_o the_o settle_a foundation_n of_o right_a and_o wrong_n which_o i_o affirm_v god_n himself_o be_v not_o able_a to_o alter_v without_o depart_v from_o those_o great_a attribute_n of_o immutability_n and_o justice_n so_o essential_a to_o his_o divine_a nature_n f._n it_o will_v not_o be_v very_o difficult_a to_o reply_v to_o these_o argument_n since_o they_o be_v ground_v on_o such_o false_a principle_n as_o be_v already_o answer_v as_o first_o that_o this_o kingdom_n be_v by_o the_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o it_o a_o hereditary_a monarchy_n and_o that_o consequent_o none_o but_o he_o who_o have_v a_o right_a by_o inheritance_n can_v require_v our_o allegiance_n but_o pray_v tell_v i_o where_o you_o can_v find_v this_o fundamental_a constitution_n for_o i_o think_v i_o have_v sufficient_o prove_v that_o there_o never_o be_v any_o such_o thing_n know_v in_o england_n till_o between_o four_o and_o five_o hundred_o year_n since_o that_o king_n edward_n the_o first_o succeed_v to_o his_o father_n henry_n the_o three_o without_o any_o bequest_n of_o the_o crown_n by_o his_o testament_n and_o before_o any_o election_n or_o coronation_n since_o he_o be_v then_o in_o the_o holy-land_n but_o suppose_v it_o now_o to_o be_v a_o hereditary_a monarchy_n 57_o it_o do_v not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o the_o monarchy_n shall_v continue_v always_o in_o such_o a_o family_n for_o that_o may_v sail_v or_o may_v be_v change_v by_o conquest_n or_o usurpation_n as_o have_v often_o be_v and_o the_o constitution_n continue_v so_o that_o the_o most_o that_o can_v be_v say_v be_v that_o when_o any_o particular_a family_n by_o the_o providence_n of_o god_n and_o the_o consent_n and_o submission_n of_o the_o people_n be_v place_v in_o the_o throne_n of_o right_a the_o crown_n ought_v to_o descend_v to_o the_o heir_n of_o that_o family_n but_o suppose_v it_o do_v not_o must_v we_o pay_v allegiance_n to_o no_o other_o person_n though_o possess_v of_o the_o throne_n pray_v sir_n show_v i_o that_o fundamental_a constitution_n for_o its_o be_v a_o hereditary_a monarchy_n do_v not_o prove_v it_o and_o according_a to_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o best_a lawyer_n the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n require_v the_o contrary_a viz._n that_o we_o must_v pay_v our_o allegiance_n to_o he_o who_o be_v actual_o king_n not_o to_o he_o who_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v king_n but_o be_v not_o and_o to_o think_v to_o confute_v this_o by_o pretend_v this_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o a_o hereditary_a monarchy_n be_v to_o take_v that_o for_o grant_v which_o be_v still_o to_o be_v prove_v and_o therefore_o i_o be_o not_o at_o all_o fright_v at_o the_o dreadful_a consequence_n which_o you_o suppose_v must_v follow_v if_o this_o statute_n of_o henry_n the_o viith_o shall_v be_v law_n viz._n that_o it_o will_v be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o every_o rebel_n and_o usurper_n who_o can_v get_v himself_o crown_v and_o then_o own_a to_o be_v king_n by_o a_o parliament_n of_o his_o own_o calling_n to_o have_v a_o legal_a right_n to_o our_o allegiance_n and_o that_o cromwell_n if_o he_o can_v have_v get_v himself_o once_o crown_v and_o recognise_v may_v have_v be_v defend_v in_o his_o unjust_a usurpation_n against_o king_n charles_n the_o second_o but_o admit_v this_o to_o have_v be_v so_o yet_o it_o be_v still_o to_o be_v understand_v that_o at_o this_o coronation_n he_o have_v take_v the_o oath_n ancient_o take_v by_o our_o king_n and_o that_o the_o parliament_n he_o have_v summon_v to_o recognize_v his_o title_n have_v consist_v of_o the_o ancient_a lord_n and_o commons_o consist_v of_o knight_n citizens_z and_o burgess_n which_o never_o be_v observe_v in_o any_o of_o those_o mock-parliament_n which_o cromwell_n call_v have_v all_o these_o condition_n be_v observe_v i_o believe_v he_o will_v have_v be_v as_o legal_a a_o king_n within_o this_o statute_n of_o henry_n the_o viith_o as_o he_o himself_o ever_o be_v before_o he_o marry_v with_o the_o princess_n elizabeth_n which_o be_v not_o till_o near_o half_a a_o year_n after_o he_o have_v the_o crown_n settle_v upon_o he_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n so_o that_o though_o upon_o every_o translation_n of_o the_o crown_n from_o one_o family_n to_o another_o the_o first_o prince_n of_o that_o family_n can_v have_v no_o hereditary_a right_o to_o it_o yet_o we_o find_v such_o prince_n to_o this_o day_n take_v for_o lawful_a king_n thus_o your_o william_n the_o conqueror_n king_n henry_n the_o ivth_o and_o king_n henry_n the_o viith_o be_v each_o of_o they_o look_v upon_o as_o true_a and_o lawful_a king_n according_a to_o our_o constitution_n as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v right_a heir_n of_o the_o crown_n by_o lineal_a descent_n and_o though_o you_o may_v say_v that_o as_o to_o william_n i._o he_o have_v a_o good_a right_n by_o conquest_n that_o be_v only_o gratis_o dictum_fw-la since_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v that_o he_o can_v be_v real_o no_o conqueror_n and_o if_o the_o english_a saxon_a monarchy_n be_v hereditary_a before_o the_o conquest_n as_o the_o gentleman_n of_o your_o opinion_n suppose_v he_o can_v be_v no_o other_o than_o a_o usurper_n upon_o edgar_n athling_n the_o right_a heir_n of_o the_o crown_n by_o blood_n and_o as_o for_o henry_n the_o ivth_o and_o henry_n the_o viith_o though_o they_o both_o pretend_v a_o feign_a title_n to_o the_o crown_n as_o heir_n by_o blood_n yet_o it_o be_v plain_a by_o the_o very_a act_n of_o recognition_n i_o have_v cite_v that_o they_o dare_v not_o insist_v upon_o that_o title_n since_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n mention_v in_o that_o act_n of_o parliament_n wherein_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n unanimous_o agree_v that_o henry_n duke_n of_o lancaster_n shall_v reign_v over_o they_o nor_o yet_o in_o the_o subsequent_a act_n whereby_o the_o crown_n be_v entail_v upon_o himself_o and_o his_o four_o son_n successive_o so_o likewise_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o first_o of_o henry_n the_o seven_o it_o be_v only_o draw_v in_o general_a term_n declare_v that_o the_o inheritance_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n etc._n etc._n shall_v rest_v remain_z and_o abide_v in_o the_o person_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o viith_o and_o the_o heir_n of_o his_o body_n lawful_o come_v etc._n etc._n nor_o be_v there_o indeed_o any_o breach_n make_v upon_o this_o statute_n as_o you_o suppose_v nor_o yet_o upon_o the_o act_n of_o recognition_n of_o king_n james_n which_o you_o so_o much_o insist_v upon_o since_o the_o crown_n be_v certain_o settle_v upon_o two_o prince_n who_o be_v not_o only_o lineal_o descend_v from_o they_o but_o who_o be_v also_o to_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o right_a heir_n unto_o they_o since_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o nation_n who_o be_v the_o supreme_a judge_n have_v declare_v they_o to_o be_v so_o but_o as_o for_o the_o rest_n of_o your_o speech_n whereby_o you_o will_v prove_v that_o this_o act_n must_v needs_o be_v void_a because_o contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o justice_n and_o right_a reason_n this_o also_o depend_v upon_o your_o former_a error_n in_o suppose_v that_o prince_n have_v a_o divine_a or_o natural_a right_n to_o their_o crown_n antecedent_n to_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o their_o respective_a kingdom_n which_o be_v already_o sufficient_o confute_v so_o that_o though_o i_o grant_v it_o be_v not_o in_o the_o power_n of_o god_n himself_o to_o alter_v the_o natural_a foundation_n of_o right_a and_o wrong_v just_a and_o unjust_a yet_o it_o be_v likewise_o as_o certain_a that_o the_o civil_a right_n of_o prince_n as_o well_o as_o those_o of_o subject_n can_v no_o way_n be_v account_v for_o according_a to_o those_o natural_a law_n since_o all_o civil_a property_n as_o well_o in_o crown_n as_o other_o possession_n must_v depend_v upon_o the_o particular_a law_n and_o constitution_n of_o each_o kingdom_n and_o
in_o law_n since_o we_o find_v by_o the_o whole_a course_n both_o of_o law_n and_o history_n that_o the_o statute_n make_v by_o king_n de_fw-mi facto_fw-la be_v as_o true_o and_o as_o much_o law_n as_o those_o make_v by_o your_o king_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la and_o attainder_n for_o treason_n commit_v against_o they_o have_v be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v declare_v void_a that_o they_o can_v not_o be_v reverse_v by_o any_o other_o mean_n than_o by_o particular_a act_n of_o parliament_n make_v for_o that_o purpose_n as_o i_o have_v already_o show_v you_o from_o divers_a instance_n both_o from_o history_n and_o record_n nor_o be_v your_o exception_n against_o the_o present_a parliament_n not_o be_v call_v by_o the_o king_n write_v of_o any_o force_n since_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v at_o our_o last_o meeting_n from_o the_o example_n of_o the_o great_a council_n that_o assemble_v to_o recognize_v and_o ordain_v edward_n the_o first_o to_o be_v king_n when_o he_o be_v in_o the_o holy-land_n 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and_o faithful_a in_o the_o king_n and_o his_o heir_n which_o they_o be_v not_o before_o edward_n the_o first_o time_n and_o also_o what_o they_o will_v hear_v of_o no_o evil_a or_o damage_n against_o they_o which_o they_o will_v not_o hinder_v to_o their_o power_n now_o pray_v tell_v i_o be_v not_o all_o these_o oath_n take_v to_o the_o king_n for_o the_o time_n be_v as_o lawful_a and_o rightful_a king_n and_o since_o they_o be_v thereby_o to_o yield_v he_o life_n and_o limb_n that_o be_v be_v to_o defend_v he_o with_o their_o life_n against_o all_o his_o enemy_n then_o certain_o all_o other_o who_o may_v pretend_v to_o or_o claim_v the_o crown_n be_v include_v within_o this_o number_n and_o though_o it_o be_v true_a in_o these_o ancient_a oath_n there_o be_v no_o swear_v to_o the_o present_a king_n as_o lawful_a and_o rightful_a king_n yet_o these_o word_n be_v needless_a in_o that_o age_n when_o as_o i_o have_v prove_v at_o our_o last_o meeting_n there_o be_v no_o difference_n 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swear_v that_o the_o king_n majesty_n be_v lawful_a and_o rightful_a king_n second_o there_o be_v a_o express_a abjuration_n of_o the_o pretend_a authority_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n which_o show_v that_o the_o abjuration_n of_o the_o temporal_a as_o well_o as_o spiritual_a right_n of_o a_o foreign_a prince_n who_o claim_v it_o ever_o since_o king_n johns_n resignation_n be_v no_o new_a invention_n and_o last_o there_o be_v a_o express_a abjuration_n or_o engagement_n to_o defend_v the_o king_n person_n to_o the_o utmost_a of_o the_o swearer_n power_n against_o all_o conspiracy_n at_o attempt_n whatsoever_o and_o why_o the_o same_o word_n may_v not_o be_v insert_v into_o this_o new_a oath_n as_o well_o as_o it_o be_v in_o those_o i_o can_v see_v
that_o administer_v it_o be_v alter_v so_o that_o it_o will_v conduce_v nothing_o to_o king_n james_n affair_n if_o all_o the_o gentry_n and_o lawyer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n shall_v go_v about_o to_o refuse_v this_o oath_n which_o as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v they_o be_v also_o oblige_v to_o take_v by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n and_o also_o that_o great_a law_n of_o prosecute_a the_o public_a good_a of_o the_o nation_n to_o the_o utmost_a of_o their_o power_n m._n well_o since_o i_o can_v expect_v so_o great_a firmness_n of_o mind_n and_o courage_n from_o your_o country_n gentleman_n and_o especial_o the_o lawyer_n who_o have_v be_v always_o but_o too_o forward_o to_o comply_v with_o all_o government_n how_o unlawful_a soever_o and_o since_o you_o who_o think_v that_o you_o may_v lawful_o take_v this_o oath_n not_o only_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n which_o you_o have_v interpret_v to_o countenance_v your_o opinion_n but_o also_o from_o a_o high_a and_o noble_a law_n viz._n that_o of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o the_o nation_n or_o civil_a society_n which_o i_o grant_v must_v be_v maintain_v during_o the_o king_n absence_n since_o you_o say_v there_o be_v a_o necessity_n for_o it_o though_o i_o be_o not_o full_o satisfy_v of_o the_o lawfulness_n of_o it_o so_o far_o as_o to_o take_v it_o myself_o yet_o will_v i_o not_o absolute_o condemn_v you_o or_o any_o other_o sincere_o and_o honest_a man_n who_o do_v only_o take_v it_o out_o of_o a_o good_a intent_n to_o maintain_v some_o civil_a government_n among_o we_o and_o also_o to_o keep_v out_o the_o fanatic_n from_o have_v any_o share_n in_o it_o so_o i_o hope_v the_o government_n will_v excuse_v i_o if_o my_o conscience_n will_v not_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o take_v it_o myself_o since_o there_o be_v enough_o of_o you_o who_o be_v free_a to_o do_v it_o without_o we_o so_o that_o if_o i_o can_v keep_v that_o small_a employment_n i_o have_v without_o take_v this_o new_a oath_n i_o will_v free_o give_v it_o up_o since_o as_o long_o as_o i_o be_o not_o satisfy_v in_o my_o conscience_n of_o the_o lawfulness_n of_o it_o and_o whatsoever_o be_v not_o of_o faith_n be_v sin_n as_o the_o apostle_n have_v true_o define_v it_o f._n i_o confess_v you_o speak_v very_o honest_o and_o charitable_o in_o this_o matter_n and_o i_o can_v wish_v all_o those_o of_o your_o opinion_n have_v the_o like_a moderation_n and_o that_o they_o will_v not_o condemn_v of_o wilful_a perjury_n so_o many_o good_a bishop_n nobleman_n gentleman_n and_o other_o both_o of_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n who_o have_v be_v persuade_v that_o they_o may_v take_v this_o oath_n with_o a_o safe_a conscience_n and_o therefore_o pray_v however_o we_o differ_v in_o opinion_n about_o these_o matter_n let_v we_o maintain_v the_o same_o friendship_n for_o each_o other_o as_o we_o have_v before_o m._n sir_n i_o ready_o embrace_v so_o fair_a and_o kind_a a_o offer_n and_o as_o i_o hope_v you_o will_v do_v i_o what_o kind_a office_n you_o can_v whilst_o you_o continue_v to_o act_v under_o this_o government_n so_o i_o will_v promise_v to_o do_v the_o same_o for_o you_o when_o ever_o the_o king_n shall_v come_v to_o be_v restore_v to_o his_o throne_n again_o f._n i_o willing_o and_o thankful_o accept_v the_o proposal_n of_o the_o continuance_n of_o your_o friendship_n since_o i_o look_v upon_o your_o dissent_v from_o i_o not_o to_o proceed_v from_o any_o wilfulness_n or_o obstinacy_n but_o out_o of_o a_o tender_a conscience_n and_o too_o great_a and_o high_a a_o sense_n of_o your_o duty_n which_o i_o must_v still_o confess_v be_v error_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n and_o therefore_o now_o take_v my_o leave_n of_o you_o shall_v only_o desire_v you_o to_o believe_v i_o your_o real_a friend_n and_o humble_a servant_n m._n i_o hope_v you_o think_v i_o have_v the_o same_o esteem_n for_o you_o and_o therefore_o must_v always_o own_v myself_o you_o finis_fw-la a_o general_n alphabetical_a index_n of_o the_o matter_n and_o question_n debate_v in_o the_o thirteen_o dialogue_n of_o bibliotheca_fw-la politica_fw-la london_n print_v for_o r._n baldwin_n in_o warwick-lane_n near_o the_o oxford-arm_n where_o also_o many_o be_v have_v the_o first_o second_o third_z four_o five_o six_z seven_o eight_o nine_o ten_o eleven_o twelfth_n and_o thirteen_o dialogue_n 1694._o a_o general_n alphabetical_a index_n of_o the_o matter_n and_o question_n debate_v in_o the_o thirteen_o dialogue_n of_o bibliotheca_fw-la politica_fw-la the_o reader_n be_v desire_v to_o take_v notice_n that_o these_o dialogue_n be_v write_v discursive_o and_o not_o determinative_o this_o w._n signify_v the_o question_n by_o the_o word_n whether_o note_v d._n signify_v dialogue_n p._n page_n a_o abel_n w._n subject_a to_o his_o brother_n cain_n by_o divine_a institution_n d._n 2._o p._n 67._o to_o 70._o abesses_fw-la often_o present_a in_o saxon_n and_o french_a great_a council_n d._n 6._o p._n 393._o abbot_n w._n all_o that_o be_v ancient_o summon_v to_o parliament_n hold_v in_o capite_fw-la d._n 8._o p._n 556._o and_o how_o many_o come_v to_o be_v by_o degree_n omit_v ibid._n abbot_n and_o abbess_n sometime_o grant_v aid_n by_o themselves_o d._n 7._o p._n 447._o abdication_n of_o the_o government_n w._n a_o king_n can_v do_v it_o any_o other_o way_n than_o by_o some_o express_a act_n d._n 11._o p._n 813_o 815_o 832_o to_o the_o end_n abuse_n of_o governor_n their_o several_a kind_n d._n 3._o p._n 161._o to_o 164._o king_n act_n illegal_a w._n also_o inauthoritative_a d._n 9_o p._n 644._o to_o 649._o act_n of_o parliament_n w._n they_o to_o hold_v good_a though_o not_o call_v by_o the_o king_n d_o 12._o p._n 894._o to_o 896._o adam_n w._n he_o have_v confer_v on_o he_o by_o god_n the_o dominion_n of_o the_o whole_a eaath_v and_o of_o all_o creature_n therein_o d._n 1._o p._n 37._o to_o 39_o w._n by_o be_v a_o husband_n and_o father_n he_o be_v also_o absolute_a lord_n over_o eve_n and_o all_o her_o posterity_n ib._n p._n 12._o to_o 25._o adel_n and_o adelman_n their_o signification_n among_o the_o saxon_n and_o dane_n d._n 6._o p._n 374._o alderman_n its_o signification_n among_o the_o same_o ib._n p._n 375._o alderman_n of_o country_n who_o d._n 5._o p._n 370._o king_n alfred_n his_o testament_n d._n 10._o p._n 721._o st._n alban_n burrough_n petition_v to_o king_n edw._n the_o second_o d._n 8._o p._n 576_o to_o 578._o allegiance_n w._n due_a by_o law_n to_o a_o king_n de_fw-fr facto_fw-la d._n 13._o p._n 905._o to_o the_o end_n the_o word_n alij_fw-la in_o ancient_a statute_n and_o record_n w._n it_o signify_v only_o the_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la d._n 7._o p._n 491_o 493_o 518._o 523._o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n have_v be_v sometime_o elect_v in_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n d._n 8._o p._n 570_o 571._o stand_v army_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n against_o law_n d._n 9_o p._n 638_o 639._o great_a assembly_n at_o runne-mead_n w._n it_o be_v a_o great_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n p._n 453_o 454._o attainder_n of_o treason_n against_o king_n de_fw-la facto_fw-la have_v always_o hold_v good_a till_o repeal_v d._n 13._o p._n 910._o authority_n of_o parliament_n the_o phrase_n how_o ancient_a in_o our_o statute-book_n d._n 5_o p._n 334._o to_o 340._o b_o babel_n when_o built_n d._n 2._o p._n 76_o 77._o banneret_n its_o ancient_a signification_n d._n 7._o p._n 540._o baro._n the_o title_n w._n it_o ancient_o signify_v no_o other_o person_n than_o a_o baron_n of_o parliament_n d._n p._n 402._o to_o 407._o barones_n angliae_fw-la w._n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o ib._n p._n 394_o p._n 406._o to_o 411._o barones_n comitatus_fw-la who_o they_o be_v ancient_o d._n 10._o p._n 743_o 744._o barnstaple_n burrough_n its_o â—lea_n to_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n by_o grant_n from_o king_n athelstan_n d._n 8._o p._n 605._o bishop_n w._n they_o derive_v their_o right_n of_o sit_v in_o parliament_n from_o the_o saxon_a king_n d._n 5._o p._n 366._o to_o 368._o they_o sometime_o grant_v aid_n by_o themselves_o d._n 7._o p._n 447._o seven_o bishop_n w._n their_o petition_n to_o king_n james_n against_o his_o declaration_n and_o his_o commitment_n of_o they_o be_v justifiable_a by_o our_o law_n d._n 12._o p._n 823._o to_o 830._o bishopric_n and_o abbey_n ancient_o confer_v by_o the_o king_n per_fw-la annulum_fw-la &_o baculum_fw-la d._n 5._o p._n 36._o 38._o elder_a brother_n w._n lord_n of_o all_o brethren_n by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n or_o nature_n d._n 2._o p._n 65._o to_o 89._o bracton_n that_o passage_n in_o his_o book_n interpret_v viz._n rex_fw-la habet_fw-la superiorem_fw-la deum_fw-la &_o legem_fw-la d._n 10_o p._n 701._o burrough_n w._n any_o of_o they_o send_v member_n to_o parliament_n by_o prescription_n d._n 6._o p._n 382_o 383._o d._n
8._o p._n 580_o 581._o w._n all_o burrough_n that_o send_v member_n ancient_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la of_o the_o king_n d._n 8._o p._n 557_o 578._o w._n they_o send_v such_o member_n by_o a_o inherent_a right_n or_o at_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o sheriff_n ib._n p._n 593._o 604._o c_o cain_n w._n he_o forfeit_v his_o birthright_n by_o the_o murder_n of_o his_o brother_n d._n 2._o p._n 67._o w._n his_o elder_a son_n be_v a_o prince_n over_o his_o brethren_n ib._n canon_n of_o 1640._o their_o validity_n discuss_v d._n 4._o p._n 284._o to_o 286._o king_n charles_n the_o first_o pretend_v commission_n to_o sir_n philim_n o_o neal_n consider_v d._n 9_o p._n 636_o 637._o great_a charter_n of_o king_n johnâ—_n w._n it_o be_v the_o sole_a act_n of_o that_o king_n or_o else_o make_v by_o the_o advice_n and_o consent_n of_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o england_n d._n 5._o p._n 324._o d._n 7._o p._n 455_o 456._o great_a charter_n of_o hen._n the_o three_o w._n all_o the_o copy_n we_o have_v now_o of_o it_o be_v he_o or_o else_o edward_n i._o his_o charter_n ib._n 461._o child_n how_o far_o and_o how_o long_o bind_v to_o be_v subject_a to_o their_o parent_n d._n 1._o p._n 45._o to_o 52._o christian_n w._n as_o much_o oblige_v to_o suffer_v for_o religion_n now_o as_o in_o the_o primitive_a time_n d._n 4â—_n p._n 230._o to_o 234._o chester_n its_o county_n w._n the_o earl_n thereof_o can_v charge_v all_o his_o tenant_n in_o parliament_n without_o their_o consent_n d._n 7._o p._n 501._o church_n of_o england_n w._n passive_a obedience_n be_v its_o distinguish_a doctrine_n from_o other_o church_n d._n 4._o p._n 292_o 293._o city_n and_o burrough_n more_o numerous_a in_o the_o saxon_a time_n than_o now_o d._n 6._o p._n 379._o to_o 400._o w._n they_o have_v any_o representative_n in_o parliament_n before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o iiid_n d._n 5._o p._n 565_o 572._o whether_o city_n and_o burrough_n have_v not_o always_o have_v representative_n in_o the_o parliament_n of_o scotland_n d._n 7._o p._n 505._o clerici_fw-la terras_fw-la habentes_fw-la quae_fw-la ad_fw-la ecclesias_fw-la non_fw-la pertinent_a who_o they_o be_v d._n 7._o p._n 450.451_o clergy_n a_o part_n of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n and_o long_o after_o d._n 8._o p._n 544_o to_o 550._o w._n none_o of_o the_o clergy_n but_o such_o as_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la appear_v at_o such_o council_n ibid._n w._n the_o inferior_a clergy_n have_v their_o representative_n in_o parliament_n different_a from_o the_o convocation_n ib._n 546_o to_o 558._o commandment_n vth_o in_o what_o sense_n prince_n be_v comprehend_v under_o it_o d._n 2._o p._n 106._o to_o 109_o &_o 111._o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la w._n that_o phrase_n in_o ancient_a record_n and_o act_n of_o parliament_n do_v not_o often_o signify_v the_o commons_o as_o well_o before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o as_o afterward_o d._n 7._o p._n 412_o to_o 415._o w._n that_o phrase_n do_v not_o also_o signify_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n consist_v of_o peer_n and_o commons_o d._n 6._o p._n 416._o the_o drs._n proof_n to_o the_o contrary_n consider_v 417_o to_o 423._o w._n it_o do_v also_o often_o signify_v the_o commons_o alone_o d._n 8._o p._n 572._o to_o 574._o their_o declaration_n to_o the_o pope_n in_o the_o 48th_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o d._n 8._o p._n 581_o to_o 582._o their_o petition_n to_o henry_n the_o five_o their_o protestation_n in_o parliament_n in_o richard_n the_o second_o time_n 584._o commons_o of_o city_n and_o great_a town_n have_v their_o representative_n in_o the_o assembly_n of_o estate_n of_o all_o the_o kingdom_n in_o europe_n found_v by_o the_o ancient_a german_n and_o goth_n ibid_fw-la 607_o to_o 612._o commons_o their_o request_n and_o consent_n when_o first_o mention_v in_o old_a statute_n d._n 5._o p._n 329._o w._n ever_o summon_v to_o parliament_n from_o the_o 49th_o of_o hen._n the_o three_o to_o the_o 18_o of_o edw._n the_o first_o d._n 7._o p._n 522._o commons_o w._n part_n of_o the_o great_a council_n before_o the_o conquest_n d._n 5._o p._n 369_o 372._o the_o word_n commune_v de_fw-la commune_fw-la &_o les_fw-fr commune_v do_v frequent_o signify_v the_o commons_o before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o d._n 6._o 423._o d._n 7._o 423_o to_o 484._o common-council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n w._n different_a from_o the_o common-council_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la d._n 7._o p._n 437._o to_o 474._o communitas_fw-la scotiae_fw-la w._n it_o always_o signify_v none_o but_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la ibid._n p._n 505._o to_o 508._o conquest_n alone_a w._n it_o confer_v a_o right_a to_o a_o crown_n d._n 2._o p._n 128_o 129._o w._n it_o it_o give_v a_o king_n a_o right_n to_o all_o the_o land_n and_o estate_n of_o the_o conquer_a kingom_n d._n 3._o 168._o to_o 170._o w._n any_o conquest_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v make_v by_o king_n william_n the_o first_o d._n 10._o p._n 715._o to_o the_o end_n constitution_n of_o clarendon_n their_o title_n explain_v d._n 6._o p._n 430_o 431._o contract_v originel_n w._n there_o be_v ever_o any_o such_o thing_n d._n 10_o p._n 695_o to_o 709._o d._n 12._o p._n 809_o 8â—3_n convention_n w._n its_o vote_v king_n james_n to_o have_v abdicate_v the_o government_n be_v justifiable_a d._n 11._o p._n 809_o to_o 834._o w._n its_o declaration_n of_o king_n james_n violation_n of_o our_o fundamental_a right_n be_v well_o ground_v ibid._n p._n 816_o 832._o w._n it_o be_v vote_v the_o throne_n vacant_a can_v be_v justify_v from_o the_o ancient_a constitution_n of_o the_o government_n d._n 12._o p._n 839_o to_o 883._o w._n whether_o its_o place_n k._n w._n and_o q._n m._n on_o the_o throne_n may_v be_v also_o justify_v by_o the_o say_a constitution_n ibid._n p._n 883_o to_o 894._o w._n it_o be_v make_v a_o act_n exclude_v all_o roman_n catholic_n prince_n be_v legal_a ibid._n p._n 894_o to_o the_o end_n convocation_n book_n draw_v up_o by_o bishop_n overal_n its_o validity_n examine_v d._n 1._o p._n 6_o &_o 8._o copy_n holder_n why_o they_o to_o have_v no_o vote_n at_o election_n to_o parliament_n d._n 5._o p._n 513._o great_a council_n or_o convention_n the_o only_a judge_n of_o prince_n title_n upon_o any_o dispute_n about_o the_o succession_n or_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n d._n 12._o p._n 895._o d._n 13._o p._n 917._o to_o 919_o 924._o council_n of_o the_o king_n in_o parliament_n what_o it_o be_v ancient_o d._n 5._o p._n 334._o great_a council_n or_o general_a convention_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n w._n legal_a without_o the_o king_n summons_n d._n 5._o p._n 353._o d._n 12._o p._n 894._o to_o 898._o curia_fw-la regis_fw-la what_o iâ—_n ancient_o be_v and_o w._n it_o consist_v of_o none_o but_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la ibid._n 368._o crown_n w._n it_o can_v by_o law_n be_v ever_o forfeit_v d._n 12._o p._n 833_o 834._o d_o defence_n of_o a_o man_n self_n in_o what_o case_n justifiable_a d._n 3._o p._n 148_o 149._o declaration_n of_o the_o convention_n set_v forth_o king_n james_n violation_n of_o the_o fundamental_a right_n of_o the_o nation_n w._n justifiable_a or_o not_o d._n 11._o p._n 816._o to_o the_o end_n private_a divine_n their_o opiâ—nions_n about_o passive_a obedience_n and_o resistance_n of_o what_o authority_n d._n 4._o p._n 291_o 294._o w._n many_o of_o they_o have_v not_o quit_v the_o ancient_a doctrine_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n declare_v the_o pope_n to_o be_v antichrist_n vid._n append._n dispence_v power_n w._n justifiable_a by_o law_n d._n 12._o p._n 119_o to_o 828._o dissolution_n of_o all_o government_n w._n it_o necessary_o follow_v from_o the_o convention_n declaration_n of_o the_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n d._n 12._o p._n 890_o 891._o durham_n w._n its_o bishop_n can_v lay_v tax_n in_o parliament_n on_o the_o whole_a county_n palatine_n without_o their_o consent_n d._n 7._o p._n 501_o 502._o e_o earl_n of_o county_n their_o ancient_a office_n and_o institution_n d._n 5_o p._n 363_o to_o 370._o king_n edward_n the_o second_o be_v depose_v w._n any_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n follow_v thereupon_o d._n 12._o p._n 158_o to_o 861._o queen_n elizabeth_z w._n she_o have_v any_o title_n to_o the_o crown_n but_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n ibid._n p_o 872_o 873._o england_n when_o first_o so_o call_v d._n 5._o p._n 362._o englishman_n w._n they_o lose_v all_o their_o liberty_n and_o estate_n by_o the_o norman_a conquest_n d._n 10._o p._n 753._o to_o the_o end_n english_a bishop_n earls_z and_o baron_n w._n then_o all_o deprive_v of_o their_o honour_n and_o estate_n ib._n 756_o to_o 762._o english_a saxon_n law_n w._n confirm_v or_o abrogate_a by_o k._n william_n d._n 10._o p._n 760._o estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n
latin_a translation_n of_o the_o old_a coronation-oath_n d._n 8._o p._n 560._o to_o 563._o w_n wales_n w._n it_o be_v titular_a prince_n be_v real_o son_n to_o king_n james_n the_o second_o and_o queen_n marry_o d._n 11._o p._n 784_o to_o 789._o w._n he_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v receive_v as_o the_o true_a son_n and_o heir_n of_o the_o say_a king_n d._n 12._o p._n 875._o to_o 877._o and_o that_o let_v the_o consequence_n be_v what_o they_o will_v ib._n p._n 879._o to_o 881._o wardship_n marriage_n and_o relief_n w._n whole_o derive_v from_o the_o norman_n d._n 10._o p._n 750.751_o its_o advantage_n and_o inconvenience_n consider_v ib._n a_o wife_n w._n she_o can_v ever_o be_v discharge_v from_o the_o power_n her_o husband_n have_v over_o she_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n by_o any_o mean_n but_o by_o his_o express_a consent_n d._n 1._o p._n 43._o king_n william_n the_o first_o why_o style_v the_o conqueror_n d._n 5._o p._n 325._o w._n he_o claim_v to_o be_v king_n of_o england_n by_o donation_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n or_o by_o conquest_n d._n 10._o p._n 715.718_o 719._o w._n he_o be_v ever_o elect_v and_o take_v the_o same_o coronation-oath_n as_o the_o english_a saxon_a king_n have_v do_v before_o d._n 10._o p._n 716.722_o to_o 737._o w._n he_o may_v just_o have_v seize_v all_o the_o land_n in_o england_n to_o his_o own_o use_n d._n 2._o p._n 171._o w._n he_o give_v most_o of_o the_o land_n of_o england_n to_o his_o follower_n ibid._n p._n 721_o to_o 729._o and_o to_o 747._o w._n he_o alter_v any_o thing_n in_o the_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o the_o government_n d._n 5._o p._n 320._o to_o 322._o w._n he_o alter_v all_o the_o old_a law_n of_o england_n or_o confirm_v those_o of_o king_n edward_n d._n 10._o p._n 737._o to_o 760._o his_o second_o oath_n upon_o the_o relic_n of_o st._n alban_n ib._n 761_o 762._o his_o law_n concern_v all_o freeman_n exemption_n from_o tax_n upon_o their_o find_a arm_n d._n 6._o p._n 426_o 427._o w._n he_o and_o his_o son_n william_n rufus_n make_v law_n and_o impose_v tax_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o great_a council_n d_o 10._o p._n 744_o 755._o king_n william_n the_o three_o w._n he_o have_v any_o title_n by_o conquest_n over_o king_n james_n or_o else_o from_o his_o marriage_n with_o the_o princess_n and_o the_o act_n of_o the_o convention_n d._n 12._o p._n 883._o to_o 899._o his_o religion_n and_o principle_n vindicate_v ib._n 886_o 887._o wites_z or_o wiseman_n in_o the_o english_a saxon_a council_n the_o true_a signification_n of_o that_o term_n d._n 6._o p._n 373._o to_o 378._o wittena_n à _fw-fr gemot_n or_o great_a council_n among_o the_o english_a saxon_n w._n they_o consist_v of_o more_o than_o the_o high_a nobility_n ib._n p._n 381._o wife_n how_o far_o oblige_v to_o be_v obedient_a to_o the_o command_v of_o their_o husband_n d._n 1._o p._n 40._o write_v of_o summons_n to_o the_o commmon_n of_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o w_o it_o be_v the_o first_o of_o that_o kind_n d._n 7._o p._n 519._o to_o 521._o w._n any_o writ_n of_o summons_n of_o bishop_n or_o lord_n to_o parliament_n be_v to_o be_v find_v before_o that_o time_n ib._n p._n 516._o write_v of_o the_o 19_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o to_o the_o sheriff_n to_o levy_v two_o mark_n scutage_n upon_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n hold_v of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la ib._n 445_o writ_n of_o the_o 24_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o command_v all_o man_n hold_v a_o whole_a knight_n fee_n of_o whatsoever_o tenure_n to_o be_v knight_v d._n 6._o p._n 432._o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o knight_n citizens_z and_o burgess_n to_o parliament_n at_o shrewsbury_n in_o the_o 11_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o d._n 8._o p._n 574._o write_v of_o summons_n to_o knight_n of_o shire_n cite_v by_o dr._n b._n in_o the_o 18_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o w._n it_o be_v to_o a_o parliament_n d._n 7._o p._n 530._o to_o 536._o write_v of_o the_o 22d_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o w._n a_o summons_n to_o parliament_n d._n 7._o p._n 533_o 534._o write_v of_o the_o 30_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o command_v the_o levy_v of_o forty_o shilling_n upon_o each_o knight_n fee_n which_o have_v be_v grant_v ever_o since_o the_o eighteen_o ibid._n p._n 479._o w._n the_o commons_o grant_v that_o tax_n ibid._n writ_n of_o the_o 28_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o and_o 45th_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o w._n of_o summons_n to_o parliament_n ib._n 537._o writ_n for_o expense_n to_o knight_n of_o shire_n how_o ancient_a d._n 8._o p._n 589._o to_o 591._o y_fw-fr duke_n of_o york_n richard_n his_o title_n declare_v in_o parliament_n d._n 12._o p._n 863._o edward_n duke_n of_o york_n recognize_v by_o parliament_n to_o be_v lawful_a king_n from_o the_o death_n of_o his_o father_n richard_n duke_z of_o york_n ib._n p._n 865._o duke_n of_o york_n james_n w._n he_o be_v not_o entire_o in_o the_o french_a interest_n and_o design_n before_o he_o come_v to_o the_o crown_n d._n 11._o p._n 802._o a_o appendix_n contain_v some_o authority_n sit_v to_o be_v add_v for_o far_a confirmation_n of_o some_o thing_n lay_v down_o in_o the_o forego_n dialogue_n to_o be_v add_v to_o dialogue_n the_o four_o p._n 290._o at_o the_o end_n of_o f_o s_o speech_n after_o these_o word_n no_o particular_a church_n can_v read_v thus_o and_o that_o divers_a of_o the_o most_o eminent_a divine_n of_o our_o church_n have_v use_v the_o same_o freedom_n with_o several_a other_o doctrine_n contain_v in_o these_o homily_n may_v appear_v from_o dr._n hammonds_n dr._n heylin_n and_o dr._n tailor_n with_o several_a other_o eminent_a writer_n express_o deny_v that_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n be_v guilty_a of_o idolatry_n or_o that_o the_o pope_n be_v antichrist_n though_o both_o these_o doctrine_n be_v as_o plain_o lay_v down_o in_o the_o homily_n as_o the_o doctrine_n of_o nonresistance_n and_o yet_o none_o of_o these_o man_n be_v ever_o tax_v by_o those_o of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n for_o quit_v her_o ancient_a orthodox_n doctrine_n and_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o give_v i_o a_o good_a reason_n if_o you_o can_v why_o it_o be_v more_o lawful_a and_o excusable_a to_o part_v with_o the_o former_a of_o these_o doctrine_n than_o the_o latter_a the_o like_a i_o may_v say_v also_o for_o the_o doctrine_n of_o predestination_n which_o though_o express_o assert_v in_o the_o 36_o article_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n as_o interpret_v by_o all_o the_o bishop_n and_o writer_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n and_o king_n james_n as_o also_o the_o bishop_n and_o divine_n send_v as_o delegate_n from_o our_o church_n to_o the_o synod_n of_o dort_n who_o join_v in_o the_o interpretation_n of_o that_o article_n in_o the_o strict_a calvinistical_a sense_n you_o find_v in_o all_o the_o determination_n of_o that_o synod_n against_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o arminian_n which_o then_o begin_v to_o prevail_v yet_o since_o the_o time_n that_o archbishop_n laud_n have_v the_o nominate_n of_o what_o person_n he_o think_v fit_a to_o be_v make_v bishop_n dean_n etc._n etc._n not_o one_o in_o ten_o of_o they_o but_o have_v be_v arminian_n in_o all_o those_o point_n wherein_o they_o whole_o differ_v from_o the_o doctrine_n of_o calvin_n which_o be_v but_o the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o our_o 36_o article_n so_o interpret_v yet_o none_o of_o the_o divine_n of_o our_o present_a church_n who_o hold_v these_o opinion_n be_v brand_v with_o apostasy_n from_o its_o ancient_a doctrine_n but_o if_o any_o well_o mean_v divine_a out_o of_o love_n to_o his_o country_n and_o to_o prevent_v popery_n and_o slavery_n from_o break_v in_o upon_o we_o have_v but_o preach_v or_o publish_a any_o thing_n in_o derogation_n to_o these_o darling_n doctrine_n of_o passive_a obedience_n and_o nonresistance_n he_o be_v straight_o brand_v with_o apostasy_n from_o the_o church_n in_o quit_v its_o main_a distinguish_a character_n and_o we_o have_v late_o see_v degrade_n nay_o the_o most_o cruel_a whip_n and_o imprisonment_n think_v too_o little_a for_o such_o a_o man_n but_o one_o may_v say_v of_o some_o man_n with_o truth_n enough_o that_o veniam_fw-la coruis_fw-la vexat_fw-la censura_fw-la columbis_fw-la so_o dialogue_n the_o six_o p._n 397._o at_o the_o bottom_n after_o these_o word_n in_o those_o time_n read_v this_o but_o that_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o be_v ancient_o often_o comprehend_v under_o the_o stile_n of_o grantz_n which_o be_v the_o same_o with_o magnate_n in_o latin_a pray_v consult_v the_o parliament_n roll_v of_o edward_n the_o three_o where_o you_o will_v find_v in_o the_o 4_o the_o of_o that_o king_n this_o passage_n &_o est_fw-la assentu_fw-la &_o accord_v per_fw-la nostre_fw-fr &_o seigneur_fw-fr le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr &_o tous_fw-fr les_fw-fr grantz_n
the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_n i_o have_v now_o instance_a in_o but_o in_o almost_o all_o the_o other_o kingdom_n of_o the_o heptarchy_n in_o which_o there_o be_v to_o be_v find_v many_o more_o instance_n of_o the_o deposition_n of_o their_o king_n thaâ—_n what_o be_v in_o the_o west_n saxon_a kingdom_n &_o this_o waâ—_n then_o very_o just_a and_o necessary_a since_o these_o kingdom_n be_v all_o elective_a and_o none_o of_o they_o hereditary_a and_o that_o the_o general_a meeting_n of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o nation_n be_v always_o at_o set_n and_o constant_a time_n and_o do_v not_o depend_v upon_o the_o will_n and_o pleasure_n of_o the_o king_n either_o to_o call_v or_o dissolve_v they_o as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v and_o that_o this_o power_n be_v no_o unusual_a thing_n i_o appeal_v to_o all_o the_o ancient_a kingdom_n of_o europe_n found_v after_o the_o same_o model_n as_o we_o and_o which_o i_o mention_v at_o our_o last_o meet_v so_o that_o nothing_o be_v more_o frequent_a in_o their_o history_n and_o annal_n than_o the_o depose_v of_o their_o king_n for_o the_o abovementioned_a crime_n of_o tyranny_n or_o misgovernment_n but_o that_o some_o of_o these_o gothick_n kingdom_n as_o denmark_n and_o sweden_n whilst_o they_o continue_v elective_a have_v exercise_v this_o power_n even_o till_o of_o late_a be_v so_o notorious_a in_o matter_n of_o fact_n that_o it_o need_v no_o proof_n since_o the_o king_n of_o those_o kingdom_n hold_v their_o crown_n at_o this_o day_n by_o that_o title_n and_o on_o those_o condition_n which_o the_o nobility_n and_o people_n give_v they_o after_o the_o deposition_n of_o their_o predecessor_n but_o though_o this_o be_v so_o ancient_o also_o in_o england_n it_o do_v not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o it_o must_v be_v so_o now_o for_o since_o the_o crown_n of_o this_o kingdom_n become_v hereditary_a and_o that_o the_o call_v and_o dissolve_v of_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n come_v to_o depend_v whole_o upon_o the_o king_n will_n i_o must_v allow_v that_o the_o case_n be_v quite_o alter_v and_o that_o the_o two_o house_n of_o parliament_n have_v now_o no_o power_n to_o depose_v the_o king_n for_o any_o tyranny_n or_o misgovernment_n whatsoever_o the_o first_o parliament_n of_o king_n charles_n the_o second_o in_o the_o act_n for_o attaint_v the_o regicide_n have_v actual_o disclaim_v all_o coercive_a power_n over_o the_o king_n and_o yet_o for_o all_o that_o the_o nobility_n and_o people_n of_o england_n may_v still_o have_v a_o good_a and_o sufficient_a right_o leave_v they_o of_o defend_v their_o life_n religion_n and_o liberty_n against_o the_o king_n or_o those_o commission_v by_o he_o in_o case_n of_o a_o general_a and_o universal_a breach_n and_o invasion_n of_o the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o original_a contract_n if_o you_o will_v call_v it_o so_o and_o not_o to_o lay_v down_o those_o defensive_a arm_n till_o their_o say_a just_a right_n and_o liberty_n be_v again_o restore_v and_o sufficient_o secure_v to_o they_o so_o that_o though_o i_o will_v not_o bring_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o english_a saxon_n as_o a_o precedent_n for_o the_o parliament_n depose_v of_o the_o king_n yet_o i_o think_v i_o may_v make_v use_n of_o it_o thus_o far_o that_o this_o nation_n have_v ever_o exercise_v this_o necessary_a right_n of_o defend_v their_o liberty_n and_o property_n when_o invade_v by_o the_o king_n or_o his_o minister_n either_o by_o colour_n of_o law_n or_o open_a force_n and_o that_o this_o have_v be_v the_o constant_a practice_n from_o almost_o the_o time_n of_o the_o conquest_n down_o to_o late_a age_n i_o think_v i_o can_v make_v out_o from_o sufficient_a authority_n both_o from_o history_n and_o record_n m._n though_o your_o doctrine_n be_v not_o so_o bad_a as_o i_o expect_v yet_o it_o be_v still_o bad_a enough_o and_o i_o never_o know_v this_o right_n of_o resistance_n carry_v home_o but_o that_o it_o always_o end_v in_o depose_v and_o murder_v of_o the_o king_n at_o the_o last_o as_o we_o have_v see_v in_o our_o own_o time_n but_o let_v the_o constant_a practice_n have_v be_v as_o it_o will_v i_o be_o sure_a such_o resistance_n have_v be_v always_o condemn_v by_o our_o ancient_n common_a law_n as_o well_o as_o modern_a statute_n as_o i_o shall_v prove_v far_o to_o you_o by_o and_o by_o and_o therefore_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o tell_v you_o that_o the_o never_o so_o constant_a practice_n of_o a_o unlawful_a thing_n can_v no_o more_o justify_v the_o do_n of_o it_o than_o that_o constant_a usage_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n for_o thief_n to_o rob_v between_o london_n and_o st._n alban_n not_o that_o i_o fore-judge_n you_o or_o refuse_v to_o hear_v any_o instance_n and_o authority_n from_o history_n or_o record_n to_o make_v good_a your_o assertion_n f._n i_o thank_v you_o for_o your_o patience_n what_o therefore_o if_o i_o prove_v that_o such_o resistance_n have_v be_v not_o only_o actual_o exercise_v by_o the_o clergy_n nobility_n and_o people_n in_o former_a age_n but_o that_o it_o have_v be_v also_o allow_v by_o our_o king_n and_o approve_v of_o by_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n in_o those_o time_n for_o lawful_a and_o the_o actor_n in_o it_o whole_o indemnify_v and_o save_v harmless_a nay_o a_o power_n give_v they_o and_o that_o by_o the_o king_n himself_o to_o resist_v he_o and_o defend_v themselves_o in_o case_n he_o break_v his_o charter_n and_o agreement_n make_v to_o and_o with_o his_o nobility_n and_o people_n or_o else_o with_o some_o foreign_a prince_n may_v appear_v from_o this_o remarkable_a instance_n of_o king_n henry_n two_o at_o the_o end_n of_o who_o reign_n hoveden_n in_o his_o annal_n poster_n give_v we_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o peace_n make_v in_o the_o last_o year_n of_o this_o king_n between_o he_o and_o philip_n king_n of_o france_n with_o the_o consent_n of_o their_o bishop_n earls_z and_o baron_n where_o among_o other_o article_n you_o will_v find_v this_o for_o one_o particular_o relate_v to_o the_o baron_n of_o england_n who_o be_v also_o to_o swear_v to_o the_o peace_n in_o these_o term_n et_fw-la omnes_fw-la barones_n angliae_fw-la jurabunt_fw-la quod_fw-la si_fw-la rex_fw-la angliae_fw-la noluerit_fw-la have_v conditiones_n tenere_fw-la quod_fw-la ipsi_fw-la tenebunt_fw-la cum_fw-la rege_fw-la francia_fw-la &_o comite_fw-la richardo_n &_o choose_fw-la adjâ—vabunt_fw-la pro_fw-la posse_fw-la contra_fw-la regeâ—_n angliae_fw-la etc._n etc._n whence_o we_o may_v without_o doubt_n conclude_v that_o the_o resistance_n of_o subject_n in_o some_o case_n against_o their_o king_n be_v then_o allow_v of_o even_o by_o the_o king_n himself_o and_o think_v not_o inconsistent_a with_o the_o allegiance_n they_o bear_v he_o though_o it_o may_v suspend_v it_o for_o a_o time_n m._n i_o confess_v this_o instance_n will_v be_v of_o some_o weight_n be_v it_o not_o for_o the_o critical_a time_n when_o this_o peace_n be_v make_v viz._n when_o richard_n earl_n of_o 〈◊〉_d the_o king_n be_v elder_a son_n have_v rebel_v against_o his_o father_n and_o take_v part_n with_o the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o have_v draw_v over_o a_o great_a many_o of_o the_o norman_a and_o pictavian_n and_o english_a baron_n to_o his_o party_n which_o when_o king_n henry_n perceive_v this_o very_a author_n you_o have_v quote_v here_o tell_v you_o quod_fw-la rex_fw-la angliae_fw-la in_o arcto_fw-la positus_fw-la pacem_fw-la fecit_fw-la cum_fw-la rege_fw-la philippo_n that_o be_v be_v constrain_v to_o make_v peace_n with_o he_o so_o that_o king_n henry_n be_v in_o this_o straight_o the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o earl_n richard_n with_o the_o baron_n of_o his_o party_n force_a king_n henry_n to_o sign_n what_o condition_n they_o please_v for_o there_o it_o no_o such_o clause_n so_o much_o as_o mention_v for_o the_o french_a baron_n but_o make_v the_o most_o of_o it_o it_o be_v but_o a_o temporary_a relaxation_n of_o allegiance_n from_o king_n henry_n to_o his_o baron_n and_o the_o king_n may_v sure_o thus_o release_v they_o if_o he_o please_v but_o it_o be_v plain_a they_o can_v not_o have_v act_v thus_o without_o this_o condition_n have_v be_v express_o infer_v f._n well_o suppose_v king_n henry_n to_o have_v be_v never_o so_o much_o constrain_v to_o the_o make_n of_o these_o condition_n and_o that_o it_o be_v his_o own_o act_n that_o render_v it_o lawful_a it_o still_o prove_v as_o much_o as_o i_o urge_v it_o for_o viz._n that_o neither_o the_o king_n of_o france_n or_o england_n then_o think_v this_o resistance_n absolute_o unlawful_a for_o then_o the_o king_n be_v own_o act_n can_v never_o have_v dispense_v with_o it_o but_o to_o show_v you_o far_o that_o the_o people_n of_o this_o nation_n have_v ever_o maintain_v this_o right_n of_o resistance_n even_o with_o the_o allowance_n of_o our_o king_n themselves_o and_o for_o the_o do_v
13_o of_o charles_n the_o second_o for_o the_o militia_n never_o intend_v thereby_o to_o enable_v or_o leave_v it_o in_o the_o power_n of_o that_o king_n or_o his_o successor_n to_o make_v this_o kingdom_n a_o absolute_a despotic_a monarchy_n instead_o of_o a_o limit_a one_o as_o they_o must_v have_v do_v have_v they_o declare_v that_o the_o king_n and_o those_o commissioned_n by_o he_o may_v do_v what_o they_o please_v with_o the_o religion_n life_n liberty_n and_o estate_n of_o the_o people_n of_o this_o nation_n and_o that_o it_o be_v treason_n to_o resist_v in_o any_o case_n whatsoever_o sure_o they_o can_v not_o but_o remember_v that_o commission_n of_o sir_n phelim_n oneal_n in_o the_o year_n 41._o whereby_o he_o pretend_v to_o be_v impower_v to_o drive_v the_o english_a protestant_n out_o of_o ireland_n and_o to_o set_v up_o the_o popish_a religion_n in_o that_o kingdom_n and_o restore_v the_o irish_a to_o their_o estate_n and_o sure_o divers_a of_o they_o can_v not_o be_v unmindful_a that_o this_o be_v to_o give_v away_o all_o right_n of_o self-defence_n in_o case_n any_o future_a king_n shall_v by_o his_o own_o innate_a tyrannical_a temper_n or_o the_o evil_a counsel_n of_o wicked_a man_n be_v persuade_v to_o use_v force_n upon_o the_o person_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o either_o whilst_o they_o be_v actual_o sit_v or_o in_o their_o passage_n to_o the_o new_a house_n since_o by_o this_o act_n or_o oath_n if_o understand_v in_o your_o sense_n they_o must_v have_v bar_v themselves_o and_o the_o whole_a nation_n of_o all_o right_n of_o self-defence_n in_o any_o case_n whatsoever_o though_o of_o the_o great_a extremity_n and_o therefore_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o the_o intent_n of_o this_o parliament_n be_v to_o leave_v thing_n as_o they_o find_v they_o and_o as_o it_o be_v absolute_o unlawful_a for_o the_o people_n of_o this_o nation_n to_o take_v up_o arm_n against_o the_o king_n so_o it_o be_v also_o as_o unlawful_a in_o he_o or_o those_o commissioned_n by_o he_o to_o make_v war_n upon_o the_o people_n or_o to_o disseise_v they_o by_o force_n of_o their_o religion_n just_a right_n liberty_n or_o estate_n and_o if_o the_o king_n have_v a_o right_a to_o defend_v himself_o and_o his_o crown_n and_o dignity_n against_o rebellion_n so_o must_v the_o people_n of_o this_o nation_n have_v a_o right_a likewise_o to_o defend_v themselves_o against_o arbitrary_a power_n in_o case_n of_o a_o invasion_n of_o any_o of_o the_o fundamental_a right_n abovementioned_a or_o else_o all_o bound_n between_o a_o limit_a and_o despotic_a power_n will_v be_v quite_o take_v away_o and_o the_o king_n may_v make_v himself_o as_o absolute_a as_o the_o king_n of_o france_n or_o great_a turk_n whenever_o he_o please_v m._n i_o will_v not_o dispute_v with_o you_o about_o bare_a matter_n of_o fact_n or_o that_o a_o prevail_a faction_n may_v not_o in_o turbulent_a time_n and_o during_o the_o reign_n of_o weak_a and_o ill_o advise_v prince_n take_v upon_o they_o by_o force_n of_o arm_n to_o remove_v evil_a counsellor_n and_o to_o put_v the_o government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o what_o hand_n they_o please_v and_o then_o procure_v act_n of_o parliament_n to_o indemnify_v themselves_o for_o so_o do_v yet_o i_o can_v allow_v that_o even_o such_o act_n can_v make_v it_o lawful_a to_o take_v up_o arm_n against_o the_o king_n or_o those_o commissioned_n by_o he_o upon_o any_o pretence_n whatsoever_o so_o that_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o the_o intent_n of_o this_o parliament_n of_o king_n charles_n the_o second_o be_v not_o to_o make_v any_o new_a law_n against_o resistance_n or_o take_v up_o arm_n against_o the_o king_n yet_o be_v it_o their_o design_n so_o to_o explain_v the_o ancient_a statute_n of_o the_o 25_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o that_o none_o shall_v for_o the_o future_a doubt_n in_o the_o least_o that_o all_o take_v up_o arm_n or_o resistance_n of_o the_o king_n or_o those_o commissioned_n by_o he_o upon_o any_o pretence_n whatsoever_o be_v unlawful_a and_o treasonable_a and_o for_o this_o we_o need_v go_v no_o far_o than_o the_o very_a word_n of_o these_o declaration_n which_o the_o parliament_n of_o the_o 12_o and_o 13_o of_o charles_n the_o second_o have_v make_v concern_v this_o matter_n as_o first_o in_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 12_o of_o car._n 2._o cap._n 30._o for_o attaint_v the_o regicide_n that_o two_o house_n of_o parliament_n express_o declare_v that_o by_o the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n neither_o the_o peer_n of_o this_o realm_n nor_o the_o commons_o nor_o both_o together_o in_o parliament_n nor_o the_o people_n collective_o or_o representative_o nor_o any_o other_o person_n whatsoever_o ever_o have_v have_v or_o aught_o to_o have_v any_o coercive_a power_n over_o the_o person_n of_o the_o king_n of_o this_o realm_n whereby_o not_o only_o all_o the_o traitorous_a example_n of_o the_o deposition_n and_o imprisonment_n of_o king_n edward_n and_o richard_n the_o second_o be_v express_o condemn_v but_o also_o all_o take_a arm_n to_o force_v the_o king_n to_o redress_v our_o grievance_n whether_o he_o will_v or_o not_o and_o far_o that_o all_o arm_n whether_o offensive_a or_o defensive_a be_v express_o forbid_v pray_v mind_v that_o clause_n in_o the_o preamble_n to_o these_o act_n of_o the_o militia_n i_o now_o mention_v wherein_o that_o parliament_n express_o renounce_v all_o take_n up_o arm_n as_o well_o defensive_a as_o offensive_a against_o the_o king_n and_o the_o word_n of_o the_o oath_n itself_o be_v yet_o more_o strict_a that_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a upon_o any_o pretence_n whatsoever_o to_o take_v up_o arm_n against_o the_o king_n now_o can_v any_o thing_n be_v plain_a than_o that_o all_o defensive_a arm_n though_o for_o our_o religion_n life_n and_o liberty_n or_o whatsoever_o else_o you_o please_v be_v express_o declare_v to_o be_v against_o the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n but_o as_o for_o the_o dreadful_a consequence_n of_o this_o law_n if_o never_o so_o strict_o take_v they_o be_v not_o so_o bad_a as_o you_o be_v please_v to_o fancy_n for_o as_o to_o your_o instance_n of_o sir_n phelim_n oneal_n pretend_a commission_n from_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o you_o may_v be_v very_o well_o satisfy_v that_o it_o be_v a_o notorious_a piece_n of_o forgery_n since_o beside_o that_o good_a king_n be_v constant_a denial_n of_o any_o such_o commission_n grant_v by_o he_o sir_n phelim_n when_o he_o come_v to_o suffer_v in_o ireland_n for_o raise_v that_o horrid_a rebellion_n do_v voluntary_o at_o the_o gallow_n acknowledge_v that_o he_o have_v forge_v it_o himself_o by_o put_v the_o seal_n of_o a_o old_a patent_n which_o he_o have_v by_o he_o to_o that_o pretend_a commission_n you_o now_o mention_v nor_o indeed_o can_v it_o ever_o enter_v into_o my_o head_n that_o any_o king_n shall_v grant_v a_o commission_n to_o destroy_v or_o make_v war_n upon_o his_o people_n as_o long_o as_o they_o continue_v in_o their_o duty_n to_o he_o though_o of_o a_o different_a religion_n from_o himself_o though_o perhaps_o he_o may_v think_v fit_a for_o some_o reason_n to_o disarm_v they_o or_o deny_v they_o the_o public_a exercise_n of_o their_o religion_n or_o render_v they_o uncapable_a of_o bear_v any_o office_n of_o public_a trust_n in_o the_o kingdom_n but_o if_o these_o shall_v be_v lawful_a cause_n of_o resistance_n why_o the_o papist_n shall_v not_o be_v allow_v it_o as_o well_o as_o the_o protestant_n i_o can_v see_v no_o reason_n to_o the_o contrary_n as_o for_o your_o other_o instance_n that_o the_o parliament_n by_o renounce_v all_o defensive_a arm_n must_v be_v suppose_v likewise_o to_o give_v up_o all_o right_n of_o self-defence_n in_o case_n the_o king_n or_o any_o commissioned_n by_o he_o shall_v use_v any_o violence_n to_o the_o person_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o assemble_v in_o parliament_n or_o in_o go_v thither_o this_o be_v so_o unlikely_a and_o remote_a a_o case_n that_o it_o hardly_o come_v under_o the_o consideration_n of_o a_o bare_a possibility_n but_o however_o let_v the_o worst_a that_o can_v be_v happen_v i_o be_o very_a well_o satisfy_v that_o the_o parliament_n be_v then_o so_o thorough_o convince_v of_o the_o mischief_n have_v befall_v this_o nation_n by_o this_o republican_n doctrine_n of_o resistance_n have_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o destruction_n of_o the_o best_a constitute_v church_n and_o government_n in_o the_o world_n as_o also_o of_o the_o murder_n of_o one_o of_o the_o best_a prince_n that_o ever_o reign_v that_o they_o be_v resolve_v rather_o to_o trust_v to_o the_o coronation_n oath_n and_o innate_a goodness_n of_o our_o present_a and_o future_a king_n than_o to_o suppose_v any_o war_n can_v be_v lawful_o make_v against_o they_o upon_o any_o account_n whatsoever_o which_o will_v have_v be_v express_o contrary_a not_o only_o to_o
the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n but_o the_o know_a law_n of_o the_o land_n f._n i_o do_v not_o deny_v but_o the_o person_n of_o the_o king_n and_o queen_n of_o this_o realm_n be_v and_o aught_o to_o be_v sacred_a and_o inviolable_a and_o yet_o no_o man_n will_v therefore_o say_v that_o they_o be_v irresistible_a too_o in_o all_o case_n whatsoever_o as_o if_o the_o king_n for_o example_n shall_v attempt_v to_o ravish_v woman_n or_o rob_v or_o murder_v man_n upon_o the_o highway_n or_o in_o the_o street_n as_o the_o ancient_a historian_n relate_v of_o nero_n and_o commodus_n the_o emperor_n and_o as_o be_v report_v of_o the_o last_o king_n of_o portugal_n and_o which_o be_v one_o of_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n remove_v he_o from_o the_o government_n and_o as_o our_o henry_n the_o five_o be_v relate_v by_o our_o historian_n to_o have_v rob_v man_n upon_o the_o highway_n before_o he_o be_v king_n so_o if_o he_o have_v go_v about_o to_o continue_v the_o same_o frolic_a after_o he_o come_v to_o the_o crown_n i_o do_v believe_v his_o person_n and_o all_o those_o that_o rob_v by_o his_o commission_n have_v not_o be_v irresistible_a nor_o will_v it_o have_v be_v treason_n within_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 25_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o though_o he_o be_v then_o actual_o king_n any_o more_o than_o it_o will_v have_v be_v treason_n have_v the_o like_a happen_v when_o he_o be_v prince_n though_o he_o be_v express_o within_o that_o statute_n and_o yet_o this_o will_v not_o have_v contradict_v the_o parliament_n declaration_n in_o the_o 12_o of_o car._n the_o second_o that_o neither_o the_o parliament_n nor_o the_o people_n have_v coercive_a power_n over_o the_o person_n of_o the_o king_n of_o this_o realm_n since_o by_o coercive_a power_n must_v be_v here_o understand_v his_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o penalty_n of_o the_o law_n or_o be_v call_v to_o a_o account_n by_o any_o ordinary_a jurisdiction_n but_o there_o be_v a_o vast_a difference_n between_o that_o and_o resistance_n for_o self_n defence_n since_o i_o may_v use_v this_o against_o the_o violence_n of_o my_o father_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v though_o i_o can_v justify_v the_o punishment_n of_o my_o father_n or_o call_v he_o to_o a_o account_n as_o his_o superior_a therefore_o it_o be_v only_o in_o the_o king_n be_v politic_a capacity_n that_o he_o can_v be_v say_v to_o do_v no_o wrong_n since_o you_o see_v he_o may_v personal_o commit_v the_o great_a crime_n imaginable_a though_o his_o person_n be_v unaccountable_a for_o want_v of_o a_o superior_a power_n to_o call_v he_o to_o a_o account_n yet_o be_v it_o not_o so_o with_o those_o who_o act_n by_o his_o illegal_a commission_n or_o command_n since_o have_v delegated_a the_o executive_a part_n of_o his_o regal_a power_n to_o his_o subordinate_a minister_n and_o officer_n it_o be_v they_o that_o be_v accountable_a and_o punishable_a too_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n in_o case_n they_o any_o way_n transgress_v or_o violate_v it_o by_o his_o illegal_a commission_n or_o command_n as_o i_o shall_v prove_v more_o at_o large_a by_o and_o by_o and_o as_o no_o war_n proper_o so_o call_v can_v be_v make_v against_o a_o single_a person_n but_o against_o a_o man_n as_o he_o be_v aid_v or_o assist_v by_o many_o other_o so_o this_o war_n against_o the_o king_n can_v only_o be_v interpret_v of_o such_o war_n or_o rebellion_n as_o be_v make_v against_o he_o in_o his_o politic_a capacity_n as_o he_o be_v king_n and_o supreme_a governor_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o the_o commander_n of_o all_o the_o militia_n thereof_o to_o legal_a intent_n and_o for_o the_o defence_n thereof_o against_o foreign_a or_o domestic_a enemy_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o great_a fear_n according_a to_o the_o ancient_a legal_a constitution_n of_o this_o kingdom_n that_o this_o can_v often_o fall_v out_o or_o indeed_o he_o put_v in_o practice_n by_o the_o king_n of_o this_o realm_n if_o we_o consider_v the_o ancient_a form_n of_o order_v the_o force_n or_o militia_n of_o this_o kingdom_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n i_o desire_v you_o to_o observe_v that_o by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n before_o these_o act_n of_o the_o militia_n the_o king_n himself_o can_v not_o but_o in_o case_n of_o invasion_n or_o insurrection_n levy_n or_o keep_v on_o foot_n any_o stand_a force_n in_o england_n unless_o for_o foreign_a succour_n which_o be_v usual_o by_o contract_n with_o some_o great_a lord_n or_o other_o person_n or_o by_o tenure_n against_o the_o scotch_a and_o welsh_a and_o as_o for_o the_o militia_n it_o be_v never_o reduce_v into_o troop_n company_n or_o regiment_n till_o the_o spanish_a invasion_n as_o will_v appear_v by_o all_o act_n of_o parliament_n in_o the_o statute_n at_o large_a where_o act_n for_o the_o assize_n of_o arm_n be_v make_v only_o for_o man_n to_o provide_v and_o have_v in_o readiness_n such_o horse_n and_o arm_n to_o show_v they_o before_o the_o king_n commissioner_n when_o they_o shall_v be_v require_v to_o take_v view_n of_o they_o a_o regimented_a militia_n be_v of_o no_o elder_a date_n than_o queen_n elizabeth_n king_n james_n the_o first_o do_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n repeal_v all_o former_a act_n for_o assize_n of_o arm_n and_o never_o establish_v any_o thing_n in_o 〈◊〉_d thereof_o so_o it_o stand_v till_o king_n charles_n the_o second_o time_n that_o these_o new_a act_n for_o the_o militia_n be_v make_v and_o to_o confirm_v this_o point_n beyond_o all_o dispute_n in_o all_o the_o quarrel_n between_o the_o king_n and_o the_o baron_n and_o york_n and_o lancaster_n the_o parliament_n still_o refuse_v to_o meet_v unless_o the_o force_n be_v disband_v that_o be_v raise_v upon_o those_o occasion_n nor_o have_v any_o king_n stand_v force_n or_o guard_n till_z king_n henry_n the_o seventhâ—_n time_n when_o that_o of_o the_o yeoman_n be_v settle_v by_o a_o 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