Selected quad for the lemma: land_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
land_n	king_n	service_n	tenant_n	1,749	5	9.6534	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A61094	Reliquiæ Spelmannianæ the posthumous works of Sir Henry Spelman, Kt., relating to the laws and antiquities of England : publish'd from the original manuscripts : with the life of the author.	Spelman, Henry, Sir, 1564?-1641.; Gibson, Edmund, 1669-1748.	1698 (1698)	Wing S4930; ESTC R22617	259,395	258

to_o the_o grant_n whether_o it_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o grant_n and_o the_o modus_fw-la concessionis_fw-la or_o whether_o it_o be_v a_o distinct_a thing_n and_o aliud_fw-la from_o the_o grant_n for_o so_o the_o print_a case_n represent_v their_o opinion_n if_o the_o reservation_n of_o the_o tenure_n and_o the_o grant_v of_o the_o land_n be_v aliud_fw-la &_o aliud_fw-la two_o distinct_a thing_n in_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o whole_a grant_v make_v and_o the_o authority_n give_v by_o the_o say_a commission_n for_o the_o make_v thereof_o then_o the_o patent_n may_v be_v void_a as_o to_o the_o tenure_n and_o yet_o good_a for_o the_o grant_v of_o the_o land_n but_o if_o the_o reservation_n of_o the_o tenure_n be_v incident_a unto_o the_o authority_n and_o include_v within_o it_o and_o the_o reservation_n of_o the_o tenure_n and_o the_o grant_v of_o the_o land_n make_v up_o but_o one_o entire_a grant_n so_o that_o the_o one_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o other_o and_o the_o reservation_n of_o the_o tenure_n be_v modus_fw-la concessionis_fw-la then_o the_o grant_n of_o the_o land_n reserve_v a_o diverse_a or_o contrary_a tenure_n to_o that_o which_o their_o nude_v authority_n do_v warrant_v they_o to_o reserve_v be_v a_o do_v of_o idem_fw-la alio_fw-la modo_fw-la and_o so_o the_o whole_a act_n be_v void_a they_o who_o plead_v for_o the_o validity_n of_o the_o letter_n patent_n as_o to_o the_o land_n and_o their_o be_v void_a only_o as_o to_o the_o tenure_n urge_v among_o other_o argument_n that_o tenor_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v bring_v into_o england_n by_o the_o conquest_n but_o grant_n be_v by_o the_o common-law_n and_o therefore_o grant_v be_v more_o ancient_a than_o tenor_n the_o tenure_n must_v of_o necessity_n be_v aliud_fw-la from_o the_o thing_n grant_v and_o to_o prove_v that_o this_o tenure_n come_v in_o with_o the_o conqueror_n they_o cite_v mr._n selden_n in_o his_o spicileg_n ad_fw-la eadmerum_fw-la p._n 194._o where_o he_o have_v that_o out_o of_o bracton_n de_fw-fr acquir_n rerum_fw-la dominio_fw-la b._n 2._o forinsecum_fw-la servitium_fw-la dicitur_fw-la regale_n servitium_fw-la quia_fw-la spectat_fw-la ad_fw-la dominum_fw-la regem_fw-la &_o non_fw-la ad_fw-la alium_fw-la &_o secundum_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o conquestu_fw-la fuit_fw-la adinventum_fw-la but_o this_o argument_n and_o the_o authority_n be_v both_o over-ruld_a and_o it_o be_v affirm_v that_o tenor_n be_v not_o bring_v into_o england_n by_o the_o conqueror_n but_o be_v common_a among_o the_o saxon_n their_o answer_n to_o mr._n selden_n opinion_n with_o the_o reason_n upon_o which_o they_o ground_v their_o position_n i_o will_v transcribe_v at_o large_a from_o the_o print_a case_n the_o book_n be_v very_o scarce_o and_o this_o the_o only_a point_n wherein_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n be_v concern_v it_o be_v answer_v that_o mr._n selden_n in_o that_o place_n do_v bare_o recite_v the_o word_n of_o bracton_n not_o deliver_v any_o opinion_n of_o his_o own_o for_o in_o that_o book_n cite_v pag._n 170._o and_o in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n the_o last_o edition_n p._n 612._o we_o find_v that_o he_o be_v of_o another_o opinion_n and_o that_o this_o tenure_n be_v in_o use_n in_o england_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_n what_o be_v those_o thani_fw-la majores_fw-la or_o thani_fw-la regis_fw-la among_o the_o saxon_n but_o the_o king_n immediate_a tenant_n of_o land_n which_o they_o hold_v by_o personal_a service_n as_o of_o the_o king_n person_n by_o grand_a serjeanty_n or_o knights-service_n in_o capite_fw-la the_o land_n so_o hold_v be_v in_o those_o time_n call_v thainland_n as_o land_v hold_v in_o socage_n be_v call_v reveland_n so_o frequent_o in_o doomsday_n haec_fw-la terra_fw-la fuit_fw-la terra_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la thainland_n sed_fw-la postea_fw-la conversa_fw-la est_fw-la in_o reveland_n coke_n instit_n sect._n 117._o after_o some_o year_n that_o follow_v the_o come_n of_o the_o norman_n the_o title_n of_o thane_n grow_v out_o of_o use_n and_o that_o of_o baron_n and_o barony_n succeed_v for_o thane_n and_o thainland_n whereby_o we_o may_v understand_v the_o true_a and_o original_a reason_n of_o that_o which_o we_o have_v in_o the_o lord_n cromwel_n case_n 2._o coke_n 81._o that_o every_o barony_n of_o ancient_a time_n be_v hold_v by_o grand_a serjeanty_n by_o that_o tenure_n be_v the_o thain-land_n hold_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_n and_o those_o thain-land_n be_v the_o same_o that_o be_v after_o call_v barony_n it_o be_v true_a the_o possession_n of_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n be_v first_o make_v subject_n to_o knights-service_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o william_n the_o conqueror_n in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n for_o their_o land_n be_v hold_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_n in_o pura_fw-la &_o perpetua_fw-la eleemosyna_fw-la free_a ab_fw-la omni_fw-la servitio_fw-la saeculari_fw-la but_o he_o than_o turn_v their_o possession_n into_o barony_n and_o so_o make_v they_o baron_n of_o the_o kingdom_n by_o tenure_n so_o that_o as_o to_o they_o this_o tenure_n and_o service_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v in_o conquestu_fw-la adinventum_fw-la but_o the_o thain-land_n be_v hold_v by_o that_o tenure_n before_o as_o the_o king_n thane_n be_v a_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la so_o the_o thanus_n mediocris_fw-la or_o middle_a thane_n be_v only_o a_o tenant_n by_o knights-service_n that_o either_o hold_v of_o a_o mean_a lord_n and_o not_o immediate_o of_o the_o king_n or_o at_o the_o least_o of_o the_o king_n as_o of_o a_o honour_n or_o manor_n and_o not_o in_o capite_fw-la what_o be_v that_o trinoda_fw-it necessitas_fw-la which_o so_o often_o occur_v in_o the_o grant_n of_o the_o saxon_a king_n under_o this_o form_n exceptisistis_fw-la tribus_fw-la expeditione_n arcis_fw-la &_o pontis_fw-la exstructione_fw-la see_v it_o in_o a_o charter_n of_o king_n etbeldred_n in_o the_o preface_n to_o coke_n 6._o report_n etc._n etc._n but_o that_o which_o be_v after_o express_v by_o salvo_n forinseco_fw-la bracton_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 26._o &_o 35._o 12._o edw._n 1._o guard_n 152._o 26._o ass_n 66._o selden_n analect_n anglobrit_fw-mi 78._o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v say_v that_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n be_v mistake_v who_o in_o his_o glossary_a verbo_fw-la feudum_fw-la refer_v the_o original_n of_o feud_n in_o england_n to_o the_o norman_a conquest_n it_o be_v most_o manifest_a that_o capite_fw-la tenor_n tenor_n by_o knights-service_n tenor_n in_o socage_n frank-almoigne_a etc._n etc._n be_v frequent_a in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_n and_o if_o we_o will_v believe_v what_o be_v cite_v out_o of_o a_o old_a french_a customary_a in_o a_o ms._n treatise_n of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o tenor_n in_o england_n which_o be_v in_o many_o man_n hand_n all_o those_o tenor_n be_v in_o use_n long_o before_o the_o saxon_n even_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o britain_n there_o it_o be_v say_v the_o first_o british_a king_n divide_v britain_n into_o four_o part_n and_o give_v one_o part_n to_o the_o arch-flamen_n to_o pray_v for_o he_o and_o his_o posterity_n a_o second_o part_n he_o give_v to_o his_o earl_n and_o nobility_n to_o do_v he_o knights-service_n a_o three_o he_o divide_v among_o husbandman_n to_o hold_v of_o he_o in_o socage_n the_o four_o part_n he_o give_v to_o mechanical_a person_n to_o hold_v in_o burgage_n but_o that_o testimony_n be_v wave_v there_o be_v little_a certainty_n or_o truth_n in_o the_o british_a story_n before_o the_o time_n of_o caesar_n neither_o will_v they_o make_v use_n of_o that_o which_o we_o be_v teach_v by_o william_n roville_n of_o alenzon_n in_o his_o preface_n to_o the_o grand_a customier_n of_o normandy_n that_o all_o those_o custom_n among_o which_o these_o tenor_n be_v be_v first_o bring_v into_o normandy_n out_o of_o england_n by_o edward_n the_o confessor_n beside_o that_o which_o have_v be_v say_v we_o find_v feud_n both_o the_o name_n and_o thing_n in_o the_o law_n of_o those_o time_n among_o the_o law_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n cap._n 35._o where_o it_o be_v thus_o provide_v debent_fw-la enim_fw-la universi_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la &_o secundum_fw-la feodum_fw-la suum_fw-la &_o secundum_fw-la tenementa_fw-la sua_fw-la arma_fw-la habere_fw-la &_o illa_fw-la semper_fw-la prompta_fw-la conservare_fw-la ad_fw-la tuitionem_fw-la regni_fw-la &_o servitium_fw-la dominorum_fw-la suorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n lambard_n archaionom_fw-la 135._o this_o law_n be_v after_o confirm_v by_o william_n the_o conqueror_n vid._n coke_n instit_n sect._n 103._o as_o these_o tenor_n be_v common_a in_o those_o time_n so_o be_v all_o the_o fruit_n of_o they_o homage_n fealty_n escuage_z relief_n wardship_n for_o releif_n we_o have_v full_a testimony_n in_o the_o relief_n of_o their_o earl_n and_o thanes_z for_o which_o see_v the_o law_n of_o king_n canutus_n cap._n 66_o &_o 69._o the_o law_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n cap._n de_fw-fr heterochiis_fw-la and_o what_o out_o of_o the_o book_n of_o doomsday_n coke_n have_v in_o his_o instit_n sect._n

earldom_n but_o say_v they_o tenue_n neant_fw-la moiens_fw-fr en_fw-fr fief_n a_fw-fr vie_fw-fr etc._n etc._n hold_v notwithstanding_o as_o a_o fief_n for_o life_n not_o hereditary_a nor_o patrimonial_a in_o the_o beginning_n as_o afterward_o they_o be_v this_o change_n they_o assign_v to_o have_v be_v begin_v about_o the_o end_n of_o the_o first_o line_n of_o their_o king_n who_o be_v at_o that_o time_n weak_a and_o simple_a man_n the_o duke_n and_o earl_n take_v opportunity_n to_o make_v their_o estate_n hereditary_a but_o it_o continue_v not_o long_o for_o the_o first_o king_n of_o the_o second_o line_n reduce_v they_o present_o to_o conformity_n yet_o some_o there_o be_v in_o the_o remote_a province_n that_o maintain_v themselves_o hereditary_a in_o despite_n of_o the_o king_n whereupon_o ensue_v many_o war_n thus_o far_o both_o these_o author_n do_v concur_v and_o then_o loyseau_n add_v further_a that_o at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o second_o line_n hugh_n capet_n have_v make_v himself_o king_n of_o france_n permit_v all_o to_o hold_v their_o dukedom_n earldom_n and_o seigneury_n hereditary_o and_o take_v homage_n of_o they_o as_o of_o hereditary_a fief_n each_o party_n oblige_v themselves_o to_o support_v the_o other_o and_o their_o posterity_n in_o those_o dignity_n as_o hereditary_o this_o happen_v in_o france_n a_o little_a before_o the_o conquest_n of_o england_n and_o from_o this_o precedent_n of_o hugh_n capet_n do_v our_o william_n the_o conqueror_n make_v the_o earldom_n and_o feud_n in_o england_n first_o hereditary_a as_o we_o have_v already_o show_v in_o the_o second_o chapter_n so_o that_o i_o conclude_v as_o i_o assume_v in_o the_o beginning_n that_o the_o saxon_a earldom_n be_v not_o hereditary_a nor_o otherwise_o feodal_n if_o we_o shall_v so_o term_v they_o than_o for_o life_n whereon_o neither_o wardship_n nor_o marriage_n etc._n etc._n can_v depend_v yet_o i_o confess_v that_o the_o duke_n and_o earl_n of_o the_o saxon_a time_n both_o have_v and_o may_v have_v great_a possession_n in_o other_o land_n as_o patrimonial_a and_o hereditary_a namely_o their_o thaneland_n and_o in_o what_o condition_n they_o possess_v they_o it_o shall_v appear_v anon_o when_o we_o come_v to_o speak_v more_o at_o large_a of_o thanes_z and_o thaneland_n chap._n vii_o of_o ceorl_n and_o that_o they_o be_v ordinary_o but_o as_o tenant_n at_o will_n or_o have_v land_n hold_v not_o by_o knight-service_n ceorl_n the_o division_n before_o mention_v which_o the_o saxon_n make_v of_o their_o own_o degree_n lead_v i_o in_o this_o next_o place_n though_o not_o orderly_o to_o speak_v of_o the_o ceorle_fw-mi that_o be_v of_o the_o carl_n or_o churl_n and_o husbandman_n the_o ancient_n call_v he_o in_o latin_a villanus_fw-la not_o as_o we_o ordinary_o take_v it_o for_o a_o bondman_n but_o for_o he_o that_o dwell_n in_o a_o village_n or_o country_n town_n live_v by_o the_o country_n course_n of_o husbandry_n mr._n lambard_n therefore_o to_o decline_v the_o misconceive_a of_o the_o word_n villanus_fw-la do_v render_v it_o in_o the_o saxon_a law_n by_o paganus_fw-la which_o signify_v the_o same_o that_o villanus_fw-la do_v according_a to_o the_o french_a for_o a_o villager_n but_o not_o according_a to_o our_o english_a for_o a_o bondman_n our_o saxon_n otherwhile_o do_v term_v they_o like_o the_o dutchman_n boor_n that_o be_v such_o as_o live_v by_o tilth_n or_o graze_a and_o by_o work_n of_o husbandry_n such_o be_v the_o ceorl_n among_o the_o saxon_n but_o of_o two_o sort_n one_o that_o hire_v the_o lord_n outland_n or_o tenementary_a land_n call_v also_o the_o folcland_n like_o our_o farmer_n the_o other_o that_o till_v and_o manure_v his_o inland_n or_o demean_n yield_v operam_fw-la not_o censum_fw-la work_n and_o not_o rend_v and_o be_v thereupon_o call_v his_o socman_n or_o ploughman_n these_o no_o doubt_n be_v oftentimes_o his_o very_a bondman_n i_o therefore_o shall_v not_o meddle_v with_o they_o but_o will_v hold_v i_o to_o the_o first_o sort_n who_o have_v ordinary_o no_o land_n of_o their_o own_o live_v upon_o the_o outlands_n before_o mention_v of_o their_o lord_n the_o thane_n as_o custumary_a tenant_n at_o his_o will_n after_o the_o usual_a manner_n of_o that_o time_n render_v unto_o he_o a_o certain_a portion_n of_o victual_n and_o thing_n necessary_a for_o hospitality_n this_o rent_n or_o retribution_n they_o call_v feorme_v but_o the_o word_n in_o the_o saxon_a signify_v meat_n or_o victual_n and_o though_o we_o have_v ever_o since_o henry_n ii_n time_n change_v this_o reservation_n of_o victual_n into_o money_n yet_o in_o let_v our_o land_n we_o still_o retain_v the_o name_n of_o fearm_n and_o fearmer_n unto_o this_o day_n the_o quantity_n of_o the_o fearme_n or_o rent_n for_o every_o ploughland_n seem_v in_o those_o time_n to_o have_v be_v certain_a in_o every_o country_n according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o place_n king_n ina_n in_o his_o 70._o law_n do_v make_v it_o so_o through_o all_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o westsaxon_n as_o you_o may_v see_v with_o much_o more_o touch_v this_o matter_n in_o my_o glossary_n verbo_fw-la firma_n ceorl_n but_o insomuch_o as_o the_o chief_a part_n of_o the_o fruit_n and_o profit_n of_o the_o land_n thus_o manure_v by_o the_o ceorl_n or_o husbandman_n redound_v to_o the_o benefit_n of_o their_o lord_n and_o not_o of_o the_o ceorl_n themselves_o the_o roman_n count_v they_o to_o be_v as_o bondman_n and_o not_o freeman_n caesar_n therefore_o speak_v of_o they_o while_o they_o be_v yet_o in_o germany_n 116._o say_v plebs_fw-la pene_fw-la servorum_fw-la habebatur_fw-la loco_fw-la that_o their_o common_a people_n be_v in_o a_o manner_n bondman_n and_o tacitus_n to_o the_o same_o purpose_n 132._o caeteris_fw-la seruis_fw-la mean_v these_o ceorl_n or_o husbandman_n non_fw-la in_fw-la nostrum_fw-la morem_fw-la descriptis_fw-la per_fw-la familiam_fw-la ministeriis_fw-la utuntur_fw-la svam_fw-la cuique_fw-la sedem_fw-la suos_fw-la penates_fw-la regit_fw-la frumenti_fw-la modum_fw-la dominus_fw-la aut_fw-la pecoris_fw-la aut_fw-la vestis_fw-la ut_fw-la colono_fw-la injungit_fw-la et_fw-fr servus_n hactenus_fw-la paret_fw-la but_o this_o service_n be_v no_o bondage_n for_o the_o ceorl_n or_o husbandman_n may_v as_o well_o leave_v this_o land_n at_o his_o will_n as_o the_o lord_n may_v put_v he_o from_o it_o at_o his_o will_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v provide_v by_o the_o law_n of_o ina_n 65._o in_o what_o manner_n he_o shall_v leave_v the_o land_n when_o he_o depart_v from_o it_o to_o another_o place_n and_o the_o writ_n of_o waste_n in_o fitz-herbert_n c._n seem_v to_o show_v that_o they_o may_v depart_v if_o they_o be_v not_o then_o well_o use_v it_o be_v apparent_a also_o that_o the_o ceorl_n be_v of_o free_a condition_n for_o that_o his_o person_n be_v value_v as_o a_o member_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n in_o the_o law_n of_o aethelstan_n weregild_n and_o his_o least_o valuation_n be_v there_o reckon_v to_o be_v 200s._o whereas_o the_o bondman_n be_v not_o value_v at_o all_o for_o that_o he_o be_v not_o as_o i_o say_v any_o part_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n but_o of_o his_o master_n substance_n nor_o be_v he_o capable_a of_o any_o public_a office_n but_o the_o ceorl_n though_o he_o have_v no_o land_n may_v rise_v to_o be_v the_o leader_n of_o his_o countryman_n and_o to_o use_v the_o armour_n of_o a_o thane_n or_o knight_n ibid._n viz._n a_o helmet_n a_o habergeon_n and_o a_o gilt_n sword_n and_o if_o his_o wealth_n so_o increase_v as_o that_o he_o become_v owner_n of_o five_o hide_n of_o land_n the_o valuation_n of_o his_o person_n which_o they_o call_v his_o be_v or_o weregild_n be_v increase_v to_o two_o thousand_o thrimsa_n that_o be_v six_o thousand_o shilling_n and_o be_v then_o also_o adorn_v with_o other_o mark_n of_o dignity_n he_o be_v count_v for_o a_o thane_n as_o you_o shall_v see_v in_o the_o next_o chapter_n knight's-fee_n but_o for_o all_o this_o a_o ceorl_n or_o husbandman_n though_o he_o be_v a_o freeman_n be_v not_o by_o the_o feodal_n law_n of_o that_o and_o late_a time_n capable_a of_o a_o knights-fee_n or_o land_n hold_v by_o military_a service_n and_o therefore_o what_o land_n soever_o he_o purchase_v be_v to_o be_v intend_v land_n of_o no_o such_o tenure_n and_o it_o appear_v further_a by_o the_o law_n of_o aethelstan_n that_o the_o five_o hide_n of_o land_n before_o mention_v purchase_v by_o the_o ceorl_n be_v descendable_a to_o his_o posterity_n which_o show_v also_o that_o they_o be_v not_o feodal_a land_n for_o that_o feud_n at_o that_o time_n be_v not_o here_o descendable_a as_o we_o have_v often_o declare_v so_o that_o i_o hope_v i_o may_v conclude_v that_o the_o ceorl_n or_o husbandman_n among_o the_o saxon_n hold_v no_o land_n by_o our_o tenure_n of_o knight-service_n chap._n viii_o of_o thanes_z and_o their_o several_a kind_n see_v then_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o question_n will_v rest_v whole_o upon_o the_o

every_o 9_o eight_o hide_n or_o ploughland_n through_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n shall_v find_v a_o man_n with_o a_o crosset_n and_o helmet_n to_o the_o naval_a expedition_n and_o every_o three_o hundred_o and_o ten_o plough-land_n a_o ordinary_a ship_n for_o these_o purpose_n triremem_fw-la be_v the_o whole_a land_n former_o divide_v either_o by_o alfred_n the_o great_a or_o some_o other_o precedent_a king_n into_o 243600._o hide_n or_o plough-land_n and_o according_a to_o this_o division_n be_v the_o military_a and_o other_o charge_n of_o the_o kingdom_n impose_v and_o proportion_v without_o ever_o any_o mention_n of_o tenor_n in_o ●●●ite_n or_o by_o knight-service_n hence_o it_o rise_v that_o the_o saxon_a king_n in_o grant_v o●_n land_n liberty_n and_o privilege_n unto_o ecclesiastical_a person_n and_o other_o be_v usual_o so_o careful_a in_o reserve_v expedition_n burghbote_n and_o brigbote_n as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o charter_n of_o king_n wither_a ..._o ina_n 227._o aethelbald_n 256._o aethelwulph_n 349._o edgar_n 433._o etc._n etc._n in_o the_o britain_n council_n as_o also_o in_o the_o charter_n here_o follow_v and_o in_o a_o multitude_n of_o other_o elsewhere_o beside_o neither_o do_v this_o military_a expedition_n otherwise_o at_o that_o time_n bind_v the_o saxon_n to_o a_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o knight-service_n than_o it_o do_v we_o at_o this_o day_n in_o the_o naval_a expedition_n late_o now_o revive_v 〈…〉_z for_o better_a manifestation_n that_o thanelands_n be_v subject_a to_o no_o feudal_a service_n consider_v i_o pray_v you_o the_o word_n of_o the_o saxon_a passage_n before_o mention_v where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o a_o thane_n must_v have_v three_o hide_n at_o least_o of_o his_o agenes_n land_n i._n e._n of_o his_o own_o land_n not_o terrae_fw-la emphiteuticariae_fw-la or_o precariae_fw-la not_o usu-fructuariae_a or_o feodatariae_fw-la but_o as_o a_o latin_a copy_n have_v it_o terrae_fw-la suae_fw-la propriae_fw-la where_o the_o word_n propriae_fw-la carry_v another_o sense_n than_o be_v ordinary_o conceive_v as_o to_o signify_v in_o this_o place_n land_z wherein_o no_o other_o man_n have_v any_o interest_n by_o feodal_a superiority_n or_o dominion_n but_o whereof_o himself_o have_v meram_fw-la proprietatem_fw-la the_o sole_a and_o absolute_a propriety_n even_o the_o same_o alodium_n that_o be_v speak_v of_o in_o the_o report_n 29._o and_o which_o no_o man_n have_v or_o can_v have_v now_o at_o this_o day_n but_o the_o king_n land_n hold_v of_o no_o man_n in_o the_o feodal_a sense_n for_o the_o phrase_n of_o tenure_n be_v not_o then_o in_o use_n among_o the_o saxon_n nor_o tie_v any_o man_n to_o do_v any_o feodal_a service_n another_o old_a latin_n ms._n therefore_o recite_v the_o same_o saxon_a passage_n in_o these_o word_n si_fw-la villanus_fw-la so_o they_o at_o that_o time_n call_v a_o husbandman_n ita_fw-la crevisset_fw-la sua_fw-la probitate_fw-la quod_fw-la pleniter_fw-la haberet_fw-la quinque_fw-la hidas_fw-la de_fw-la svo_fw-la proprio_fw-la alodio_fw-la etc._n etc._n dignus_fw-la erat_fw-la honore_fw-la liberalitatis_fw-la quod_fw-la angli_fw-la dicunt_fw-la ðanescipes_fw-la surðe_fw-la si_fw-la autem_fw-la liberalis_fw-la homo_fw-la 1._o ðegen_fw-mi thanus_n ita_fw-la profecisset_fw-la ut_fw-la regi_fw-la servisset_fw-la &_o vice_fw-la sua_fw-la equitaret_fw-la in_o missatico_n regis_fw-la hic_fw-la talis_fw-la si_fw-la haberet_fw-la alium_fw-la thanum_n sub_fw-la se_fw-la qui_fw-la ad_fw-la expeditionem_fw-la regis_fw-la quinque_fw-la hidas_fw-la teneret_fw-la &_o in_o aula_n regis_fw-la domino_fw-la svo_fw-la servisset_fw-la etc._n etc._n here_o i_o must_v say_v with_o cujacius_n 166._o speak_v of_o the_o author_n of_o the_o second_o book_n of_o feud_n proprietatem_fw-la alias_o vocat_fw-la quod_fw-la hic_fw-la alodium_fw-la note_v thereby_o that_o proprieta●_n and_o alodium_n be_v synonima_n signify_v land_n free_a from_o all_o feodal_a service_n and_o hold_v of_o no_o body_n yet_o in_o that_o sense_n alodium_n be_v here_o say_v to_o be_v terra_fw-la ad_fw-la expeditionem_fw-la regis_fw-la land_n oblige_v to_o the_o warfare_n of_o the_o king_n i_o must_v note_v also_o by_o the_o way_n that_o he_o that_o thus_o translate_v the_o saxon_a passage_n by_o the_o word_n qui_fw-la ad_fw-la expeditionem_fw-la regis_fw-la quinque_fw-la hidas_fw-la teneret_fw-la follow_v the_o manner_n which_o before_o we_o speak_v of_o in_o render_v saxon_a custom_n by_o norman_a phrase_n the_o reader_n perhaps_o will_v here_o understand_v teneret_fw-la in_o the_o feodal_a sense_n for_o to_o hold_v of_o his_o lord_n whereas_o in_o the_o saxon_a book_n the_o word_n be_v no_o otherwise_o than_o give_v he_o he●de_v i._n e._n if_o he_o have_v five_o hide_n of_o land_n so_o that_o teneret_fw-la here_o be_v no_o otherwise_o to_o be_v take_v than_o for_o possideret_fw-la to_o return_v to_o our_o purpose_n thaneland_n may_v no_o doubt_n be_v tie_v to_o do_v military_a service_n or_o knight-service_n and_o yet_o not_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la or_o by_o knight-service_n for_o it_o be_v one_o thing_n to_o hold_v by_o knight-service_n and_o another_o to_o be_v tie_v to_o do_v it_o no_o man_n hold_v that_o have_v not_o tenementum_fw-la or_o tenementale_fw-la quiddam_fw-la but_o a_o man_n may_v be_v tie_v to_o do_v this_o military_a expedition_n for_o his_o personal_a estate_n though_o he_o have_v no_o land_n or_o for_o his_o very_a person_n itself_o as_o appear_v by_o the_o law_n of_o king_n ina_n cap._n 52._o where_o it_o be_v say_v give_v se_fw-la siðcundman_n etc._n etc._n if_o the_o sithcundman_n have_v land_n forbear_v to_o go_v the_o expedition_n he_o shall_v forfeit_v his_o land_n and_o 120s._o and_o if_o he_o have_v no_o land_n yet_o he_o shall_v forfeit_v 60s._o and_o a_o husbandman_n who_o if_o he_o have_v land_n be_v but_o tenant_n in_o socage_n according_a to_o our_o law_n 30s._o it_o appear_v also_o by_o many_o charter_n of_o the_o saxon_a king_n that_o thane_n land_n be_v not_o feodal_n and_o that_o the_o military_a expedition_n mde_v no_o tenure_n by_o knight-service_n give_v i_o leave_v therefore_o to_o produce_v some_o of_o they_o that_o you_o may_v see_v thereby_o the_o use_n of_o those_o time_n and_o what_o the_o king_n themselves_o conceive_v therein_o chap._n ix_o charter_n of_o thaneland_n grant_v by_o saxon_a king_n not_o only_o without_o mention_n of_o tenure_n or_o feodal_n service_n but_o with_o all_o immunity_n except_o expedition_n etc._n etc._n eadwigus_n ego_fw-la eadwigh_n monarchiam_fw-la totius_fw-la britanniae_fw-la insulae_fw-la cum_fw-la superno_fw-la juvamine_fw-la obtinens_fw-la cuidam_fw-la meo_fw-la fideli_fw-la ministro_fw-la vocitato_n nomine_fw-la aelfwine_n dvas_fw-la mansas_fw-la &_o dimidiam_fw-la tribuo_fw-la perenniter_fw-la illic_fw-la ubi_fw-la antiquorum_fw-la hominum_fw-la relatu_fw-la nominatur_fw-la at_o schylfhinghatune_n habeat_fw-la quam_fw-la diu_fw-la vivat_fw-la &_o post_fw-la cui_fw-la voluerit_fw-la impertiat_fw-la cum_fw-la his_fw-la rebus_fw-la quae_fw-la sibi_fw-la rite_n pertinent_a tamburlaine_n in_o magnis_fw-la quam_fw-la in_o minimis_fw-la sit_fw-la haec_fw-la donatio_fw-la immunis_fw-la a_o servitute_fw-la mundana_fw-la excepto_fw-la illo_fw-la labour_v qui_fw-la communis_fw-la omni_fw-la populo_fw-la videtur_fw-la esse_fw-la not_o name_v expeditione_n etc._n etc._n but_o conclude_v si_fw-la quis_fw-la augeat_fw-la augeatur_fw-la si_fw-mi quis_fw-la minuat_fw-la careat_fw-la praemio_fw-la aeterno_fw-la etc._n etc._n so_o that_o here_o he_o be_v free_v a_o servitute_fw-la mundana_fw-la both_o great_a and_o small_a that_o be_v incident_a or_o inherent_a to_o the_o land_n by_o way_n of_o tenure_n and_o yet_o he_o be_v chargeable_a to_o military_a expedition_n and_o to_o the_o repair_n of_o bridge_n castle_n burrough_n and_o fortification_n but_o that_o not_o otherwise_o than_o as_o all_o the_o land_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v charge_v as_o before_o we_o have_v show_v edgarus_n regnante_fw-la in_o perpetuum_fw-la domino_fw-la nostro_fw-la etc._n etc._n ego_fw-la eadgarus_fw-la rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la caeterarumque_fw-la gentium_fw-la in_o circuitu_fw-la persistentium_fw-la gubernator_fw-la &_o rector_n cuidam_fw-la fideli_fw-la meo_fw-la ministro_fw-la vocato_fw-la nomine_fw-la alur_n modicam_fw-la muniminis_fw-la mei_fw-la partem_fw-la terrae_fw-la i._n e._n in_o dorset_n &_o tres_fw-la perticas_fw-la in_o illo_fw-la loco_fw-la ubi_fw-la anglica_n appellatione_fw-la dicitur_fw-la at_o lonk_n ut_fw-la habeat_fw-la ac_fw-la possideat_fw-la quamdiu_fw-la vivat_fw-la &_o post_fw-la se_fw-la unum_fw-la haeredem_fw-la quicunque_fw-la sibi_fw-la placuerit_fw-la derelinquat_fw-la sit_fw-la hoc_fw-la praedictum_fw-la rus_fw-la liberum_fw-la ab_fw-la omni_fw-la malorum_fw-la obstaculo_fw-la cum_fw-la omnibus_fw-la ad_fw-la rus_fw-la rite_n pertinentibus_fw-la campis_fw-la pascuis_fw-la pratis_fw-la sylvis_fw-la excepto_fw-la communi_fw-la labour_v expeditione_n pontis_fw-la &_o arcis_fw-la constructione_n si_fw-mi quis_fw-la vero_fw-la hominum_fw-la hanc_fw-la meam_fw-la donationem_fw-la cum_fw-la stultitiae_fw-la temeritate_fw-la jactando_fw-la infringere_fw-la tentaverit_fw-la sit_fw-la ipse_fw-la gravibus_fw-la per_fw-la colla_fw-la depressis_fw-la catenis_fw-la inter_fw-la flamivomes_fw-la tetrorum_fw-la doemonum_fw-la catervas_fw-la nisi_fw-la prius_fw-la ad_fw-la satisfactionem_fw-la emendare_fw-la voluerit_fw-la istis_fw-la terminis_fw-la haec_fw-la tellus_fw-la ambita_fw-la videtur_fw-la ðis_fw-la be_v þe_a landgemark_n at_o lonk_n etc._n etc._n haec_fw-la

under_o these_o name_v all_o the_o land_n that_o belong_v thereunto_o and_o those_o that_o dwell_v upon_o those_o mansas_fw-la etc._n etc._n they_o call_v not_o tenentes_fw-la holder_n as_o we_o do_v but_o manentes_fw-la as_o person_n abide_v there_o all_o the_o foresay_a word_n be_v of_o the_o middle-age-dialect_n not_o appropriate_v to_o the_o feodal_a language_n thaneland_n four_o in_o grant_v of_o feud_n and_o feud_n land_n the_o consideration_n be_v always_o for_o matter_n de_fw-fr futuro_fw-la as_o pro_fw-la homagio_fw-la &_o servitio_fw-la habendo_fw-la but_o here_o in_o grant_v these_o thaneland_n the_o consideration_n be_v for_o service_n past_a or_o present_a signify_v by_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o thane_n as_o fideli_fw-la ministro_fw-la meo_fw-la or_o pro_fw-la placabili_fw-la obsequio_fw-la not_o only_o without_o reservation_n of_o any_o future_a service_n but_o with_o express_a immunity_n from_o all_o service_n as_o to_o use_v the_o word_n of_o the_o charter_n themselves_o 1._o ut_fw-la sint_fw-la libera_fw-la vel_fw-la immunia_fw-la à_fw-la servitute_fw-la mundana_fw-la 2._o ab_fw-la omni_fw-la malorum_fw-la obstaculo_fw-la 3._o liberrima_n ab_fw-la omni_fw-la munduali_fw-la obstaculo_fw-la 4._o liberrimum_fw-la ab_fw-la omni_fw-la munduali_fw-la obstaculo_fw-la in_o magnis_fw-la &_o modicis_fw-la 5._o aeterna_fw-la libertate_fw-la jocundum_fw-la 6._o liberum_fw-la ab_fw-la omni_fw-la seculari_fw-la gravedine_fw-la such_o be_v the_o freedom_n of_o these_o thaneland_n equal_a and_o no_o less_o than_o that_o of_o the_o land_n give_v in_o franck-almoigne_a by_o king_n edgar_n in_o the_o last_o cite_v charter_n which_o be_v there_o say_v to_o be_v omni_fw-la terrenae_fw-la servitutis_fw-la jugo_fw-la liberae_fw-la imperpetuum_fw-la alienate_v five_o the_o feodal_n land_n may_v not_o be_v alien_v without_o licence_n but_o the_o thane_n by_o the_o very_a word_n of_o his_o original_a charter_n may_v grant_v they_o cuicunque_fw-la voluerit_fw-la will._n six_o a_o feodal_n tenant_n or_o tenant_n by_o knights-service_n as_o we_o call_v he_o can_v not_o devise_v his_o land_n by_o will_n before_o the_o statute_n of_o 32._o hen._n viii_o though_o it_o be_v with_o licence_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o of_o the_o king_n himself_o which_o law_n the_o german_n themselves_o do_v hold_v even_o unto_o this_o day_n and_o the_o dane_n can_v yet_o devise_v no_o land_n by_o will_n as_o i_o be_o inform_v but_o the_o thane_n may_v devise_v his_o thaneland_n to_o who_o he_o will_v as_o appear_v b●_n the_o word_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n in_o a_o charter_n to_o thola_n where_o he_o say_v possideat_fw-la hanc_fw-la meam_fw-la regiam_fw-la dona●●onem_fw-la quamdiu_fw-la vivat_fw-la &_o post_fw-la obitum_fw-la suum_fw-la cuicunque_fw-la voluerit_fw-la haeredi_fw-la relinquat_fw-la exclude_v hereby_o all_o title_n of_o wardship_n and_o feodal_n duty_n to_o the_o same_o effect_n be_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o charter_n and_o therewith_o agree_v the_o privilege_n of_o a_o thane_n before_o mention_v thani_fw-la lex_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la sit_fw-la dignus_fw-la rectitudine_fw-la testamenti_fw-la svi_fw-la as_o for_o that_o passage_n in_o the_o will_n of_o brictrick_n the_o saxon_a where_o he_o seek_v his_o lord_n be_v consent_v that_o his_o will_n may_v stand_v i_o conceive_v it_o to_o be_v in_o respect_n of_o some_o ●o●●land_n or_o custumary_a land_n which_o according_a to_o the_o use_n of_o that_o time_n he_o hold_v at_o the_o will_n of_o his_o lord_n and_o not_o in_o respect_n of_o any_o thaneland_n for_o though_o this_o brictrick_n be_v a_o man_n of_o great_a possession_n yet_o be_v he_o none_o of_o the_o chief_a sort_n of_o than●s_n call_v the_o king_n thanes_z but_z as_o appear_z by_o his_o will_n a_o under-thane_n belong_v to_o aelfric_n who_o be_v earl_n of_o mercia_n and_o how_o far_o the_o privilege_n of_o these_o under_o or_o lesser-thanes_a extend_v i_o can_v yet_o determine_v woman_n seven_o if_o thaneland_n be_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o land_n hold_v by_o knight-service_n then_o by_o the_o feodal_n law_n of_o that_o time_n it_o can_v not_o transire_fw-la a_o lancea_fw-la ad_fw-la fusum_fw-la that_o be_v it_o may_v not_o be_v grant_v to_o woman_n for_o woman_n be_v not_o then_o nor_o long_o after_o capable_a of_o feodal_n land_n but_o the_o land_n here_o grant_v to_o thola_n be_v thaneland_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o very_a word_n of_o her_o charter_n for_o that_o it_o be_v grant_v in_o aeternam_fw-la haereditatem_fw-la perpetualiter_fw-la possidendam_fw-la which_o word_n make_v a_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n be_v only_o proper_a to_o thaneland_n otherwise_o call_v bocland_n not_o to_o folcland_n or_o popular_a land_n which_o be_v but_o at_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n for_o year_n or_o for_o life_n express_v eight_o there_o can_v no_o tenure_n nor_o service_n lie_v upon_o the_o thaneland_n other_o than_o what_o be_v express_v in_o the_o charter_n for_o in_o the_o end_n of_o every_o of_o they_o there_o be_v a_o horrible_a curse_n which_o in_o those_o day_n be_v fearful_o respect_v lay_v by_o the_o king_n himself_o upon_o all_o those_o that_o shall_v violate_v the_o charter_n either_o by_o add_v other_o encumbrance_n or_o by_o diminish_v the_o grant_v immunity_n so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v suppose_v that_o there_o be_v any_o lurk_a tenure_n or_o matter_n of_o plus_fw-fr ultra_fw-la to_o impeach_v they_o the_o curse_n begin_v in_o every_o of_o the_o charter_n with_o these_o word_n si_fw-la quis_fw-la autem_fw-la etc._n etc._n 〈…〉_z nine_o and_o last_o touch_v expedition_n and_o repair_v of_o castle_n and_o bridge_n which_o the_o saxon_n call_v burghbote_n and_o brugbote_n though_o the_o two_o first_o of_o they_o be_v whole_o military_a and_o the_o last_o serve_v as_o well_o for_o the_o passage_n of_o the_o king_n army_n as_o for_o the_o trade_n and_o commerce_n of_o his_o people_n yet_o be_v none_o of_o they_o either_o mark_n of_o tenure_n or_o of_o feodal_n service_n as_o appear_z by_o that_o we_o have_v former_o show_v and_o by_o the_o testimony_n of_o these_o charter_n where_o to_o use_v the_o word_n of_o edw_n the_o confessor_n in_o that_o to_o thola_n it_o be_v say_v that_o they_o be_v omnibus_fw-la hominibus_fw-la communia_fw-la a_o common_a burden_n to_o all_o man_n as_o belong_v to_o the_o safety_n and_o sacred_a anchor_n both_o of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o commonwealth_n the_o saxon_n therefore_o do_v not_o call_v they_o service_n or_o feodal_n duty_n as_o thing_n that_o lay_v upon_o the_o person_n of_o the_o owner_n but_o landirecta_fw-la right_n that_o charge_v the_o very_a land_n whosoever_o do_v possess_v it_o church_n or_o lay_n man_n and_o these_o duty_n be_v ordinary_o except_v in_o every_o charter_n not_o for_o that_o they_o shall_v otherwise_o be_v extinguish_v but_o per_fw-la superabundantem_fw-la cautelam_fw-la lest_o the_o general_a word_n precedent_n shall_v be_v mistake_v to_o involve_v they_o and_o to_o release_v that_o which_o the_o king_n can_v not_o release_v for_o though_o ethelbald_a by_o his_o charter_n to_o the_o monk_n of_o croyland_n 852._o do_v give_v the_o site_n of_o that_o monastery_n with_o the_o appendancy_n etc._n etc._n libera_fw-la &_o soluta_fw-la ab_fw-la omni_fw-la onere_fw-la seculari_fw-la in_o perpetuam_fw-la el●emosynam_fw-la yet_o in_o his_o charter_n of_o privilege_n grant_v to_o all_o church_n and_o monastery_n of_o his_o kingdom_n speak_v of_o the_o repair_n of_o castle_n and_o bridge_n he_o confess_v and_o say_v that_o nulli_fw-la unquam_fw-la relaxari_fw-la possunt_fw-la and_o i_o suppose_v that_o the_o word_n expedition_n be_v here_o omit_v by_o the_o negligence_n of_o the_o scribe_n for_o i_o never_o find_v it_o sever_v from_o repair_v of_o castle_n and_o bridge_n in_o any_o other_o charter_n and_o also_o though_o king_n ethelwulf_n by_o his_o memorable_a charter_n of_o privilege_n ratify_v by_o the_o great_a council_n of_o winchester_n in_o the_o year_n 855._o do_v by_o express_a word_n free_a sanctam_fw-la ecclesiam_fw-la that_o be_v all_o the_o church_n and_o monastery_n of_o his_o kingdom_n ab_fw-la expeditione_n &_o pontis_fw-la extructione_fw-la &_o arcis_fw-la munitione_n al._n yet_o the_o whole_a clergy_n about_o the_o year_n 868._o do_v notwithstanding_o voluntary_o assist_v his_o son_n beorredus_n against_o the_o dane_n with_o all_o the_o power_n they_o can_v as_o appear_v by_o the_o charter_n of_o the_o same_o beorredus_n chap._n xi_o more_o touch_v the_o freedom_n of_o thaneland_n out_o of_o doomsday_n owner_n though_o that_o which_o be_v deliver_v in_o these_o charter_n be_v authentical_a and_o need_v no_o far_o proof_n yet_o to_o convince_v broad_a spread_a error_n the_o more_o manifest_o it_o will_v not_o be_v unnecessary_a to_o show_v what_o doomsday_n itself_o relate_v to_o confirm_v it_o for_o whereas_o land_n hold_v in_o capite_fw-la and_o by_o knights-service_n can_v not_o otherwise_o be_v dispose_v than_o by_o licence_n of_o the_o king_n or_o superior_a lord_n doomsday_n show_v that_o the_o thaneland_n may_v be_v use_v and_o dispose_v at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o owner_n without_o impeachment_n

of_o any_o other_o for_o at_o ebsa_n in_o suthry_n under_o the_o title_n of_o ric._n fill_v comitis_fw-la gisleberti_fw-la it_o say_v hanc_fw-la terram_fw-la tenuerunt_fw-la novem_fw-la teigni_fw-la &_o cum_fw-la ea_fw-la poterant_fw-la vtere_fw-la quo_fw-la volebant_fw-la plain_a latin_a but_o the_o sense_n be_v that_o nine_o thanes_z hold_v this_o land_n of_o ebsam_n in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n and_o may_v do_v with_o it_o what_o they_o will_v so_o at_o est-burnham_n in_o buckinghamshire_n under_o the_o title_n of_o milo_n crispin_n duo_o teigni_fw-la homines_fw-la brictrici_fw-la hanc_fw-la terram_fw-la tenuerunt_fw-la &_o vendere_fw-la potuere_fw-la and_o here_o it_o seem_v that_o these_o thanes_z be_v not_o the_o king_n thanes_z but_o of_o the_o lesser_a sort_n for_o that_o he_o call_v they_o homines_fw-la brictrici_fw-la so_o in_o the_o same_o shire_n under_o the_o title_n of_o s._n petr._n westmon_n it_o be_v say_v of_o the_o same_o town_n of_o est-burnham_n hoc_fw-la manerium_fw-la tres_fw-la treigni_fw-la tempore_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la tenuerunt_fw-la &_o vendere_fw-la potuerunt_fw-la rent_n it_o there_o also_o appear_v that_o the_o thaneland_n may_v be_v charge_v with_o a_o rent_n issue_v out_o of_o it_o for_o it_o immediate_o follow_v &_o tamen_fw-la ipsi_fw-la tres_fw-la reddiderunt_fw-la quinque_fw-la oras_fw-la de_fw-la consuetudine_fw-la and_o it_o may_v be_v restrain_v from_o alienation_n as_o where_o it_o be_v say_v in_o doomsday_n de_fw-fr ea_fw-la viz._n lega_fw-la pelton_n sunt_fw-la in_fw-la dominio_fw-la dvae_fw-la hidae_fw-la una_fw-la ex_fw-la hiis_fw-la fuit_fw-la tainland_n non_fw-la tamen_fw-la poterat_fw-la ab_fw-la ecclesia_fw-la separari_fw-la where_o the_o word_n tamen_fw-la imply_v that_o although_o thaneland_n may_v otherwise_o be_v alienate_v yet_o this_o particular_o can_v not_o so_o likewise_o may_v it_o be_v entail_v upon_o a_o family_n as_o appear_v in_o the_o law_n of_o alured_n cap._n 37._o but_o thus_o doomsday_n after_o the_o conquest_n affirm_v the_o same_o that_o the_o charter_n do_v before_o the_o conquest_n and_o the_o word_n both_o in_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o which_o show_v that_o the_o thane_n may_v sell_v or_o use_v this_o land_n as_o he_o will_v do_v imply_v a_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n independent_a of_o any_o lord_n either_o feodal_n or_o superior_a and_o be_v as_o even_o the_o alodium_n mention_v in_o the_o chapter_n of_o thanes_z but_o whether_o it_o be_v descendable_a only_o upon_o the_o elder_a son_n or_o dividable_a between_o all_o the_o son_n as_o in_o gavelkind_n i_o can_v say_v but_o the_o formula_fw-la of_o alodium_fw-la join_v with_o marculfus_n do_v divide_v it_o between_o they_o all_o chap._n xii_o the_o fruit_n of_o feodal_n tenor_n and_o that_o they_o be_v not_o sound_v among_o the_o saxon_n or_o not_o after_o our_o manner_n hitherto_o we_o have_v seek_v our_o tenor_n among_o the_o saxon_n and_o have_v not_o find_v they_o though_o the_o report_n 35._o tell_v we_o it_o be_v most_o manifest_a that_o they_o be_v frequent_a and_o 36._o common_a in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_n we_o will_v now_o follow_v the_o direction_n of_o our_o saviour_n 33._o and_o see_v if_o by_o the_o fruit_n we_o can_v find_v the_o tree_n the_o report_n say_v 33._o by_o question_n and_o answer_v the_o fruit_n of_o the_o tenure_n viz._n in_o capite_fw-la and_o knights-service_n what_o be_v they_o but_o the_o 1_o profit_v of_o the_o land_n 2_o wardship_n 3_o livery_n 4_o premier_n seisin_n 5_o relief_n mistake_v to_o be_v a_o heriot_n 6_o fine_a for_o alienation_n and_o the_o rest_n which_o rest_v it_o 37._o supply_v short_o after_o to_o be_v 7_o homage_n 8_o fealty_n 9_o escuage_z add_v again_o relief_n and_o wardship_n instead_o whereof_o i_o out_o of_o a_o three_o passage_n 33._o do_v place_n 10_o escheat_n and_o it_o conclude_v 37._o that_o as_o all_o these_o tenor_n be_v common_a in_o those_o time_n so_o be_v all_o the_o fruit_n of_o they_o etc._n etc._n which_o if_o it_o be_v true_a the_o question_n be_v determine_v nay_o i_o yield_v it_o if_o any_o one_o of_o they_o agree_v direct_o with_o our_o tenor_n be_v find_v among_o they_o some_o show_n of_o fealty_n and_o licence_n to_o alien_a land_n grant_v for_o a_o certain_a time_n only_o except_v for_o avoid_v captious_a disputation_n their_o very_a name_n pretend_v no_o saxon_a antiquity_n but_o as_o the_o ephramite_n bewray_v their_o tribe_n by_o their_o language_n so_o by_o their_o name_n these_o fruit_n discover_v themselves_o to_o be_v of_o norman_a progeny_n and_o the_o report_n do_v not_o give_v we_o one_o instance_n or_o example_n of_o any_o of_o they_o in_o all_o the_o saxon_a time_n if_o it_o do_v the_o word_n before_o mention_v in_o the_o charter_n to_o the_o thanes_z declare_v that_o their_o land_n must_v be_v libera_fw-la ab_fw-la omni_fw-la seculari_fw-la gravedine_fw-la etc._n etc._n sweep_v all_o away_o at_o once_o as_o the_o west-wind_n do_v the_o grasshopper_n in_o egypt_n and_o do_v make_v the_o thaneland_n to_o have_v the_o privilege_n of_o alodium_n here_o before_o mention_v to_o belong_v unto_o they_o that_o be_v to_o be_v free_a from_o all_o tenure_n and_o service_n it_o be_v true_a notwithstanding_o that_o both_o the_o great_a and_o lesser-thanes_a may_v have_v and_o have_v other_o land_n beside_o these_o that_o be_v hereditary_a of_o feudal_a nature_n and_o hold_v by_o military_a service_n as_o in_o the_o charter_n of_o oswald_n the_o bishop_n shall_v after_o appear_v but_o they_o hold_v they_o like_o folcland_n only_o at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n whether_o king_n or_o other_o or_o for_o certain_a year_n or_o at_o most_o for_o life_n or_o life_n their_o tenure_n and_o feud_n determine_v with_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n the_o term_n of_o year_n or_o estate_n for_o life_n and_o then_o can_v not_o any_o of_o the_o fruit_n before_o speak_v of_o accrue_v unto_o the_o lord_n that_o grant_v the_o land_n for_o that_o it_o forthwith_o revert_v entire_o into_o his_o own_o hand_n and_o be_v to_o be_v keep_v and_o dispose_v anew_o as_o please_v he_o it_o be_v apparent_a therefore_o by_o this_o general_a demonstration_n that_o the_o fruit_n we_o speak_v of_o can_v not_o arise_v out_o of_o either_o of_o the_o thaneland_n be_v they_o temporary_a or_o hereditary_a if_o not_o haply_o fealty_n or_o some_o gratuity_n to_o the_o lord_n for_o licence_n that_o the_o temporary_a tenant_n may_v assign_v his_o interest_n or_o have_v it_o enlarge_v thing_n proper_a as_o well_o to_o socage_n and_o folcland_n as_o to_o feudal_n but_o let_v we_o examine_v all_o these_o fruit_n particular_o and_o see_v whether_o and_o how_o we_o find_v any_o of_o they_o among_o the_o saxon_n and_o give_v i_o leave_v herein_o to_o produce_v they_o in_o such_o order_n though_o not_o logical_a as_o the_o report_n present_v they_o to_o the_o reader_n in_o their_o several_a place_n chap._n xiii_o no_o profit_n of_o land_n by_o wardship_n in_o the_o saxon_n time_n wardship_n as_o for_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o land_n which_o the_o king_n have_v now_o during_o the_o minority_n of_o a_o ward_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o king_n than_o have_v no_o such_o of_o the_o thaneland_n for_o that_o the_o thane_n have_v this_o particular_a privilege_n that_o when_o he_o die_v he_o may_v make_v his_o will_n of_o his_o own_o land_n as_o it_o former_o appear_v and_o 8._o give_v they_o unto_o who_o he_o will_v which_o be_v never_o lawful_a after_o the_o come_n of_o the_o norman_n for_o any_o baron_n or_o tenant_n by_o knight-service_n to_o do_v till_o the_o statute_n 32._o hen._n viii_o cap._n 1._o give_v free_a liberty_n to_o all_o man_n to_o devise_v all_o socage-land_n by_o their_o last_o will_n in_o writing_n and_o no_o more_o than_o two_o part_n only_o of_o land_n hold_v in_o capite_fw-la or_o by_o knight-service_n lest_o it_o shall_v hinder_v the_o lord_n too_o much_o of_o their_o feodal_n profit_n and_o socage-land_n be_v therefore_o long_o before_o devisable_v in_o many_o burrough_n for_o that_o thereby_o the_o lord_n sustain_v no_o such_o prejudice_n but_o to_o conclude_v this_o point_n in_o one_o word_n it_o shall_v i_o hope_v be_v make_v manifest_a in_o the_o next_o chapter_n that_o there_o be_v no_o wardship_n among_o the_o saxon_n and_o thereupon_o it_o will_v follow_v invincible_o there_o can_v be_v then_o no_o profit_n of_o land_n arise_v to_o the_o king_n or_o lord_n by_o title_n of_o wardship_n chap._n fourteen_o no_o wardship_n in_o england_n among_o the_o saxon_n objection_n answer_v in_o follow_v the_o report_n i_o must_v now_o speak_v de_fw-la causa_fw-la post_fw-la causatum_fw-la of_o wardship_n after_o the_o profit_n of_o land_n grow_v by_o it_o this_o be_v the_o chief_a fruit_n of_o all_o feodal_a servitude_n and_o the_o root_n from_o whence_o many_o branch_n of_o like_a grievance_n take_v their_o original_n the_o report_n labour_v more_o to_o prove_v it_o to_o

filiam_fw-la cujusdam_fw-la viri_fw-la vlfi_n quem_fw-la concupiverat_fw-la maritali_fw-la sibi_fw-la foedere_fw-la copulare_fw-la here_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o king_n licence_n or_o good_a will_n be_v seek_v but_o the_o reason_n appear_v not_o the_o good_a will_n of_o king_n solomon_n be_v 21._o seek_v that_o abishag_fw-mi may_v be_v give_v to_o adoniah_n for_o his_o wife_n but_o not_o in_o respect_n of_o tenure_n in_o either_o case_n it_o be_v a_o express_a law_n of_o king_n canutus_n ll._n 72._o ne_o nyde_v man_n naðe_a ƿif_n ne_fw-fr maeden_fw-mi etc._n etc._n that_o no_o man_n shall_v constrain_v either_o woman_n or_o maid_n to_o marry_v otherwise_o than_o where_o they_o will_v nor_o shall_v take_v any_o money_n for_o they_o unless_o by_o way_n of_o thankfulness_n some_o do_v give_v somewhat_o if_o these_o passage_n carry_v any_o show_n of_o wardship_n i_o must_v still_o let_v you_o know_v that_o knight_n fee_n be_v not_o at_o this_o time_n descendable_a unto_o woman_n by_o the_o feudal_n law_n no_o nor_o long_o after_o when_o they_o be_v become_v hereditary_a in_o the_o masculine_a line_n ne_fw-fr à_fw-fr lancea_fw-la ad_fw-la fusum_fw-la haereditas_fw-la pertransiret_fw-la as_o you_o may_v see_v by_o cujacius_n in_o feud_n lib._n 1._o tit._n 1._o in_o the_o first_o law_n that_o i_o meet_v with_o touch_v feudal_n marriage_n be_v in_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la libertatum_fw-la hen._n i._n yet_o be_v there_o nothing_o speak_v of_o marry_v the_o heir_n male_a of_o the_o king_n tenant_n within_o age_n and_o touch_v the_o female_a issue_n it_o be_v only_o provide_v that_o the_o king_n shall_v be_v so_o far_o acquaint_v with_o their_o marriage_n as_o that_o he_o may_v be_v assure_v they_o shall_v not_o marry_v with_o his_o enemy_n lest_o the_o feud_n or_o feif_n which_o be_v give_v for_o service_n against_o they_o shall_v by_o this_o occasion_n be_v transfer_v to_o they_o hear_v the_o word_n of_o the_o charter_n et_fw-la si_fw-la quis_fw-la baronum_fw-la meorum_fw-la vel_fw-la aliorum_fw-la hominum_fw-la meorum_fw-la siliam_fw-la svam_fw-la nuptui_fw-la tradere_fw-la voluerit_fw-la sive_fw-la sororem_fw-la svam_fw-la sive_fw-la neptem_fw-la sive_fw-la cognatam_fw-la mecum_fw-la inde_fw-la loquatur_fw-la sed_fw-la nec_fw-la ego_fw-la aliquid_fw-la de_fw-la svo_fw-la pro_fw-la hac_fw-la licentia_fw-la accipiam_fw-la nec_fw-la defendam_fw-la ei_fw-la quin_fw-la eam_fw-la det_fw-la excepto_fw-la si_fw-la eam_fw-la velit_fw-la jungere_fw-la meo_fw-la inimico_fw-la et_fw-la si_fw-la mortuo_fw-la barone_fw-fr vel_fw-la alio_fw-la homine_fw-la meo_fw-la filia_fw-la haeres_fw-la remanserit_fw-la &_o sine_fw-la liberis_fw-la fuerit_fw-la dotem_fw-la svam_fw-la &_o maritationem_fw-la habebit_fw-la &_o eam_fw-la non_fw-la dabo_fw-la marito_fw-la nisi_fw-la secundum_fw-la velle_fw-la suum_fw-la etc._n etc._n ordain_v that_o the_o wife_n shall_v be_v guardian_n of_o the_o child_n land_n or_o some_o near_a kinsman_n qui_fw-la iustùs_fw-la esse_fw-la debet_fw-la and_o that_o other_o lord_n observe_v the_o like_a course_n touch_v their_o ward_n thus_o among_o the_o norman_n but_o i_o do_v find_v in_o all_o the_o feodal_n law_n of_o these_o time_n any_o thing_n sound_v to_o this_o purpose_n nor_o any_o mention_n of_o marriage_n or_o wardship_n of_o the_o body_n or_o land_n i_o take_v they_o therefore_o to_o have_v rise_v from_o the_o norman_n a_o little_a before_o their_o come_n into_o england_n but_o in_o a_o diverse_a manner_n according_a to_o the_o diversity_n of_o the_o place_n and_o the_o moderate_a or_o covetous_a disposition_n of_o the_o lord_n for_o it_o seem_v that_o though_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o land_n belong_v whole_o to_o the_o lord_n and_o be_v therefore_o ordinary_o so_o take_v by_o he_o yet_o some_o of_o the_o lord_n deduct_v only_o the_o charge_n of_o education_n of_o the_o ward_n and_o just_a allowance_n restore_v he_o his_o land_n at_o full_a age_n with_o the_o surplusage_n upon_o account_n and_o the_o grantee_n of_o a_o wardship_n from_o the_o king_n be_v in_o normandy_n tie_v to_o do_v it_o as_o appear_z by_o the_o 215._o artic._n of_o the_o reform_a custom_n for_o otherwise_o they_o be_v not_o guardian_n proper_o and_o tutores_fw-la rei_fw-la pupillaris_fw-la but_o fructuarii_fw-la rather_o and_o suum_fw-la promoventes_fw-la commodum_fw-la see_v the_o comment_n to_o that_o article_n marriage_n so_o in_o point_n of_o feodal_n marriage_n it_o seem_v that_o the_o charter_n of_o henry_n i._o be_v ground_v upon_o the_o norman_a custom_n which_o though_o it_o require_v the_o consent_n of_o the_o lord_n in_o tender_v of_o marriage_n to_o woman_n for_o the_o reason_n aforesaid_a yet_o do_v it_o not_o permit_v either_o he_o or_o the_o kindred_n or_o friend_n who_o they_o call_v the_o parent_n to_o make_v it_o venal_a or_o to_o take_v any_o thing_n for_o the_o same_o as_o you_o may_v see_v by_o divers_a passage_n there_o and_o by_o a_o case_n adjudge_v in_o the_o comment_n to_o the_o 228._o article_n where_o the_o tutor_n or_o guardian_n and_o the_o parent_n and_o friend_n thus_o offend_v be_v all_o condemn_a to_o pay_v cost_n and_o damage_n and_o note_v that_o according_a to_o the_o norman_a custom_n 228._o the_o consent_n of_o the_o parent_n viz._n the_o next_o kindred_n and_o friend_n be_v as_o requisite_a as_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o lord_n or_o tutor_n which_o as_o i_o conceive_v give_v the_o occasion_n of_o the_o word_n si_fw-mi parent_n conquerantur_fw-la in_o the_o statute_n of_o merton_n 6._o as_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o ancient_a right_n they_o have_v in_o consent_v to_o the_o marriage_n and_o insomuch_o as_o we_o do_v find_v that_o the_o various_a usage_n touch_v wardship_n and_o marriage_n be_v compose_v into_o a_o uniform_a law_n till_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la henr._n iii_o do_v determine_v it_o it_o may_v be_v conceive_v to_o have_v be_v the_o reason_n that_o rand._n higden_n before_o mention_v and_o our_o other_o author_n do_v ascribe_v this_o part_n of_o our_o feodal_n law_n to_o be_v introduce_v by_o henry_n iii_o but_o it_o be_v manifest_a by_o glanvil_n that_o it_o be_v in_o use_n in_o henry_n ii_n time_n and_o by_o the_o charter_n of_o henry_n i._o to_o have_v be_v so_o likewise_o under_o william_n rufus_n yet_o be_v there_o nothing_o hitherto_o any_o way_n produce_v to_o bring_v it_o from_o the_o saxon_n or_o to_o show_v it_o to_o have_v be_v in_o use_n among_o they_o chap._n xvi_o no_o livery_n no_o primer_n seisin_n 3_o if_o the_o king_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o by_o knight-service_n die_v the_o king_n shall_v have_v his_o land_n till_o the_o heir_n have_v do_v homage_n which_o if_o he_o be_v of_o full_a age_n he_o may_v do_v present_o but_o if_o he_o be_v under_o age_n the_o land_n must_v continue_v in_o the_o king_n hand_n till_o his_o full_a age_n and_o when_o either_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o sue_v to_o have_v it_o out_o of_o the_o king_n hand_n his_o obtain_n it_o be_v call_v livery_n and_o the_o profit_v receive_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n by_o the_o king_n be_v call_v his_o primer_n seisin_n but_o neither_o of_o these_o can_v be_v among_o the_o saxon_n for_o that_o their_o hereditary_a land_n be_v not_o feodal_n but_o libera_fw-la ab_fw-la omni_fw-la gravedine_fw-la as_o before_o we_o have_v show_v and_o their_o temporary_a land_n can_v not_o be_v subject_a to_o it_o for_o that_o their_o estate_n extend_v no_o far_a than_o to_o a_o frank_a tenement_n and_o neither_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o be_v then_o tie_v to_o do_v homage_n as_o shall_v appear_v when_o we_o speak_v of_o homage_n after_o the_o come_n of_o the_o norman_n they_o be_v present_o afoot_a among_o we_o even_o in_o william_n rufus_n day_n but_o uncertain_a and_o irregular_a which_o be_v a_o certain_a note_n of_o their_o novelty_n and_o that_o feud_n hereditary_a be_v new_o begin_v the_o great_a charter_n of_o liberty_n grant_v by_o henry_n i._o imply_v as_o much_o where_o to_o moderate_v they_o the_o king_n say_v thus_o si_fw-mi quis_fw-la baronum_fw-la meorum_fw-la seu_fw-la comitum_fw-la sive_fw-la aliorum_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la i_o tenent_fw-la mortuus_fw-la fuerit_fw-la haeres_fw-la suus_fw-la non_fw-la redimet_fw-la terram_fw-la svam_fw-la sicut_fw-la faciebat_fw-la tempore_fw-la fratris_fw-la mei_fw-la sed_fw-la legitima_fw-la &_o justa_fw-la relevatione_fw-la relevabit_fw-la eam_fw-la similiter_fw-la &_o homines_fw-la baronum_fw-la meorum_fw-la justa_fw-la &_o legitima_fw-la relevatione_fw-la relevabunt_fw-la terras_fw-la svas_fw-la de_fw-la dominis_n suis_fw-fr i_o take_v this_o redeem_n of_o the_o land_n out_o of_o the_o king_n hand_n to_o be_v a_o composition_n for_o his_o primer_n seisin_n and_o for_o the_o livery_n and_o relief_n thing_n uncertain_a at_o this_o time_n even_o in_o their_o norman_a appellation_n and_o not_o likely_a therefore_o to_o be_v know_v unto_o the_o saxon_n chap._n xvii_o that_o relief_n whereon_o the_o report_n most_o rely_v be_v not_o in_o use_n among_o the_o saxon_n nor_o like_o their_o heriot_n saxon_n of_o all_o the_o feodal_n profit_v allege_v in_o the_o report_n to_o be_v receive_v

of_o a_o fine_a as_o be_v common_a in_o all_o case_n of_o feodal_n tenor_n empire_n this_o have_v some_o show_n of_o our_o escuage_z and_o may_v well_o have_v take_v that_o name_n from_o the_o manner_n of_o summons_n use_v in_o the_o empire_n which_o be_v by_o erect_v a_o post_n or_o pillar_n and_o hang_v a_o shield_n at_o the_o top_n thereof_o a_o herald_n proclaim_v that_o all_o who_o hold_v in_o this_o manner_n shall_v at_o such_o a_o day_n attend_v the_o emperor_n in_o his_o voyage_n to_o rome_n for_o take_v the_o crown_n of_o italy_n or_o king_n of_o roman_n which_o the_o ligurine_a poet_n thus_o express_v 301._o ligno_fw-la suspenditur_fw-la alte_fw-la erecto_fw-la clypeus_fw-la tunc_fw-la praeco_fw-la regius_fw-la omnes_fw-la convocat_n a_o dominis_fw-la feudalia_fw-la jura_fw-la tenentes_fw-la etc._n etc._n as_o we_o have_v show_v in_o our_o glossary_a verbo_fw-la feudum_fw-la he_o use_v clypeus_fw-la for_o a_o shield_n instead_o of_o scutum_fw-la and_o from_o this_o shield_n i_o say_v it_o may_v well_o be_v call_v scutagium_fw-la as_o also_o from_o the_o service_n perform_v in_o it_o cum_fw-la hasta_fw-la &_o scuto_fw-la yet_o this_o summons_n be_v not_o call_v schiltbannum_n but_o heribannum_fw-la that_o be_v indictio_fw-la exercitus_fw-la not_o indictio_fw-la s●uti_fw-la but_o to_o keep_v near_o the_o matter_n first_o our_o saxon_n neither_o use_v the_o name_n nor_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o norman_a escuage_z for_o they_o call_v their_o go_v to_o war_n upon_o legal_a summons_n firdfare_n and_o utfare_n in_o latin_a expeditionem_fw-la and_o profectionem_fw-la second_o they_o be_v not_o tie_v to_o any_o definite_a time_n of_o abode_n as_o for_o forty_o day_n or_o more_o or_o less_o but_o as_o the_o law_n say_v 10._o sƿa_o a_o ðon_n ðearf_n sy_n for_o gemene●●●re_a neode_n so_o as_o need_v shall_v require_v for_o common_a necessity_n three_o the_o mulct_n or_o forfeiture_n that_o the_o tenant_n in_o escuage_z incur_v for_o not_o go_v forth_o upon_o that_o summons_n be_v uncertain_a among_o the_o norman_n and_o we_o till_o the_o parliament_n assign_v it_o but_o among_o the_o saxon_n he_o that_o offend_v in_o ferdwite_n that_o be_v in_o not_o go_v forth_o in_o the_o expedition_n be_v certain_o fine_v at_o 120_o 13._o four_o whereas_o every_o lord_n among_o we_o have_v the_o fine_a assess_v by_o parliament_n of_o his_o own_o tenant_n for_o the_o land_n hold_v of_o himself_o the_o king_n among_o the_o saxon_n have_v the_o fine_a aforesaid_a of_o every_o delinquent_n who_o tenant_n or_o follower_n soever_o he_o be_v by_o all_o the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o be_v to_o say_v by_o the_o west-saxon_a law_n by_o the_o mercian_n and_o by_o the_o dane_n law_n though_o otherwise_o they_o differ_v 69._o in_o their_o heriot_n and_o many_o particular_a custom_n so_o that_o to_o talk_v of_o escuage_z among_o the_o saxon_n be_v without_o all_o colour_n or_o probability_n as_o i_o take_v it_o chap._n xxiii_o no_o feodal_n escheat_n of_o hereditary_a land_n among_o the_o saxon_n escheat_n escheat_n of_o eschoeir_n in_o french_a signify_v thing_n come_v accidental_o as_o on_o the_o by_o or_o by_o chance_n the_o f●odists_n therefore_o call_v they_o caduca_fw-la a_fw-la cadendo_fw-la and_o excadentias_fw-la the_o black_a book_n of_o the_o exchequer_n escaetas_n excidentia_fw-la and_o excadentia_fw-la but_o among_o our_o saxon_n i_o find_v no_o word_n to_o express_v they_o either_o proper_o or_o paraphrastical_o in_o our_o law_n they_o be_v of_o two_o sort_n regal_a escheat_n and_o feodal_n regal_a be_v those_o obvention_n and_o forfeiture_n which_o belong_v general_o to_o king_n by_o the_o ancient_a right_n of_o their_o crown_n and_o supreme_a dignity_n thus_o king_n david_n give_v the_o land_n of_o mephibosheth_n accuse_v of_o treason_n unto_o ziba_n though_o too_o hasty_o feodal_n be_v those_o which_o accrue_v to_o every_o feodal_n lord_n as_o well_o as_o to_o the_o king_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o seignory_n and_o of_o all_o the_o fruit_n of_o tenure_n none_o so_o great_a as_o this_o if_o we_o may_v call_v it_o a_o fruit_n where_o the_o feud_n or_o tree_n itself_o result_v back_o unto_o the_o lord_n let_v we_o see_v therefore_o if_o we_o find_v any_o of_o these_o feodal_n escheat_n among_o the_o saxon_n examine_v there_o be_v a_o shrewd_a text_n i_o confess_v in_o canutus_n his_o law_n qui_fw-la fugiet_fw-la à_fw-la domino_fw-la svo_fw-la vel_fw-la socio_fw-la pro_fw-la timiditate_fw-la in_o expeditione_n navali_fw-la vel_fw-la terrestri_fw-la perdat_fw-la omne_fw-la quod_fw-la suum_fw-la est_fw-la &_o svam_fw-la ipsius_fw-la vitam_fw-la &_o manus_fw-la mittat_fw-la dominus_fw-la ad_fw-la terram_fw-la quam_fw-la ei_fw-la dederat_fw-la &_o si_fw-la terram_fw-la haereditariam_fw-la habeat_fw-la ipsa_fw-la in_o manum_fw-la regis_fw-la transeat_fw-la here_o be_v the_o appearance_n of_o a_o tenure_n of_o a_o feud_n of_o a_o forfeiture_n and_o of_o a_o escheat_n the_o tenure_n lie_v between_o the_o lord_n and_o his_o fugitive_a vassal_n who_o the_o saxon_n and_o german_n call_v his_o man_n we_o his_o tenant_n the_o feud_n in_o the_o land_n quam_fw-la d●m●nus_fw-la ●i_fw-la dederat_fw-la the_o forfeiture_n in_o fugiendo_fw-la in_o the_o vassal_n run_v away_o and_o the_o escheat_n in_o the_o lord_n be_v seize_v of_o the_o land_n manus_fw-la mittat_fw-la dominus_fw-la in_o terram_fw-la quam_fw-la ei_fw-la dederat_fw-la let_v the_o lord_n take_v back_o the_o estate_n which_o he_o give_v in_o the_o temporary_a feud_n but_o for_o the_o hereditary_a land_n he_o say_v transeat_fw-la non_fw-la redeat_fw-la in_fw-la manum_fw-la regis_fw-la all_o this_o be_v nothing_o in_o our_o case_n for_o i_o declare_v in_o the_o beginning_n that_o our_o question_n be_v fix_v upon_o such_o feud_n as_o the_o law_n of_o england_n take_v notice_n of_o at_o this_o day_n that_o be_v of_o feud_n after_o they_o be_v become_v hereditary_a and_o perpetual_a not_o of_o those_o mention_v by_o gerardus_n niger_n which_o be_v temporary_a as_o at_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n or_o for_o year_n or_o for_o life_n like_v they_o here_o intend_v by_o canutus_n this_o very_a law_n observe_v the_o difference_n and_o discover_v also_o that_o feud_n be_v not_o hereditary_a in_o his_o time_n and_o therefore_o give_v the_o feodal_a land_n be_v but_o a_o temporary_a estate_n back_o unto_o the_o lord_n in_o who_o the_o reversion_n be_v by_o inheritance_n as_o a_o feodal_n right_n but_o give_v the_o hereditary_a land_n unto_o the_o king_n as_o a_o regal_a escheat_n for_o that_o there_o be_v no_o mean_a or_o intervenient_a lord_n to_o claim_v they_o by_o any_o feodal_a tenure_n for_o that_o the_o hereditary_a land_n among_o the_o saxon_n otherwise_o call_v bocland_n be_v hold_v of_o no_o body_n nor_o subject_n to_o any_o feodal_a service_n as_o we_o have_v often_o declare_v and_o can_v not_o therefore_o escheat_n unto_o any_o feodal_a lord_n the_o kentish_a custom_n of_o the_o father_n to_o the_o bough_n and_o the_o son_n to_o the_o plough_n suggest_v as_o much_o and_o show_v also_o to_o have_v be_v the_o general_a use_n of_o england_n till_o the_o conqueror_n introduce_v hereditary_a feud_n put_v upon_o we_o therewith_o these_o great_a feodal_n servitude_n of_o wardship_n marriage_n escheat_n etc._n etc._n so_o that_o the_o hereditary_a land_n not_o be_v feodal_n in_o the_o saxon_n time_n nor_o the_o feodal_a land_n hereditary_a there_o can_v then_o be_v no_o feodal_a escheat_n among_o they_o and_o i_o take_v it_o to_o be_v considerable_a whether_o the_o land_n resume_v by_o the_o lord_n upon_o his_o vassal's_n running_n away_o be_v proper_o a_o escheat_n by_o the_o law_n of_o canutus_n or_o rather_o a_o penalty_n only_o impose_v in_o this_o particular_a case_n chap._n xxiv_o thaneland_n and_o reveland_n what_o no_o mark_n of_o tenure_n but_o distinction_n of_o land-holders_n thaneland_n there_o be_v yet_o another_o assertion_n rather_o show_v than_o prove_v 34._o that_o the_o thani_fw-la majores_fw-la or_o king_n thanes_z hold_v by_o personal_a service_n of_o the_o king_n person_n by_o grand_a serjanty_n or_o knights-service_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o the_o reason_n follow_v be_v that_o the_o land_n so_o hold_v be_v in_o those_o time_n call_v thaneland_n as_o land_v reveland_n hold_v in_o socage_n be_v call_v reveland_n so_o frequent_o in_o doomsday_n 〈…〉_z haec_fw-la terra_fw-la fuit_fw-la terra_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la thainland_n sed_fw-la postea_fw-la conversa_fw-la est_fw-la in_o reveland_n coke_n instit_n §_n 117._o thus_o the_o report_n discharge_v itself_o upon_o my_o lord_n coke_n who_o word_n be_v these_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o in_o the_o book_n of_o doomsday_n land_n hold_v by_o knights-service_n be_v call_v thainland_n and_o land_n hold_v by_o socage_n be_v call_v reveland_n i_o reverence_v the_o opinion_n of_o that_o famous_a lawyer_n with_o admiration_n but_o i_o suppose_v he_o speak_v not_o this_o ex_fw-la tripod_n juridico_fw-la for_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o it_o and_o that_o which_o be_v before_o deliver_v out_o of_o the_o

time_n and_o that_o they_o be_v not_o make_v otherwise_o than_o for_o life_n or_o three_o life_n for_o so_o i_o find_v they_o in_o the_o abby-book_n and_o i_o also_o suppose_v that_o they_o to_o who_o these_o land_n be_v grant_v be_v the_o thani_n episcopi_fw-la &_o thani_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la speak_v of_o in_o doomsday-book_n and_o that_o the_o land_n themselves_o be_v such_o as_o in_o the_o same_o book_n be_v usual_o call_v thain-land_n ecclesiae_fw-la episcopi_fw-la and_o abbatis_n but_o i_o see_v they_o be_v lade_v with_o many_o service_n which_o the_o land_n of_o the_o king_n thane_n in_o respect_n of_o his_o dignity_n and_o person_n be_v free_a from_o therefore_o when_o this_o very_a bishop_n by_o another_o charter_n grant_v tres_fw-la cassatas_fw-la three_o hide_n of_o land_n in_o cungle_v cuidam_fw-la ministro_fw-la regis_fw-la to_o one_o of_o the_o king_n thanes_z name_v alfwold_n and_o to_o his_o mother_n if_o she_o survive_v during_o their_o life_n he_o put_v no_o service_n upon_o the_o king_n thane_n but_o say_v plena_fw-la glorietur_fw-la libertate_fw-la excepta_fw-la expeditione_n rata_fw-la pontis_fw-la arcisve_fw-la constructione_n the_o common_a exception_n in_o grant_n unto_o the_o king_n thanes_z as_o before_z appear_z and_o yet_o the_o service_n thereby_o except_v belong_v not_o either_o to_o the_o bishop_n or_o the_o king_n himself_o otherwise_o than_o pro_fw-la bono_fw-mi publico_fw-la and_o common_a necessity_n after_o all_o this_o i_o beat_v still_o upon_o the_o old_a string_n that_o here_o yet_o be_v nothing_o to_o prove_v wardship_n or_o marriage_n or_o as_o the_o law_n then_o stand_v a_o tenure_n by_o knights-service_n for_o we_o have_v make_v it_o manifest_v that_o expedition_n and_o build_n of_o castle_n and_o bridges_n be_v no_o feodal_n service_n nor_o grow_v by_o tenure_n and_o as_o for_o these_o that_o be_v tie_v to_o ride_v and_o go_v up_o and_o down_o with_o their_o lord_n baraterius_n a_o old_a 8._o feudist_n say_v that_o a_o knight_n fee_n may_v be_v give_v so_o ut_fw-la vassallus_fw-la in_o diebus_fw-la festivis_fw-la cum_fw-la uxore_fw-la domini_fw-la ad_fw-la ecclesiam_fw-la vadat_fw-la and_o the_o feudal_a law_n itself_o infer_v as_o much_o lib._n 2._o tit._n 3._o but_o our_o bracton_n speak_v of_o our_o law_n here_o in_o england_n the_o invest_v feud_n in_o his_o time_n touch_v such_o tenant_n call_v they_o rodknight_n alias_o radknight_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 35._o nu_fw-la 6._o ut_fw-la siquis_fw-la debeat_fw-la equitare_fw-la cum_fw-la domino_fw-la svo_fw-la de_fw-la manerio_fw-la in_o manerium_fw-la and_o say_v not_o that_o it_o be_v knight-service_n but_o that_o it_o be_v a_o serjantie_n and_o that_o although_o such_o sometime_o do_v homage_n yet_o the_o lord_n shall_v not_o have_v ward_n and_o marriage_n admit_v notwithstanding_o that_o it_o be_v knight-service_n and_o that_o the_o land_n thus_o hold_v be_v knight_n fee_n during_o the_o life_n of_o the_o tenant_n yet_o where_o be_v the_o wardship_n marriage_n and_o relief_n who_o shall_v undergo_v these_o servitude_n since_o the_o tenure_n and_o all_o the_o service_n be_v determine_v with_o the_o life_n of_o the_o tenant_n chap._n xxvii_o inducement_n to_o the_o conclusion_n see_v then_o that_o neither_o the_o great_a thanes_z nor_o the_o lesser_a thanes_z among_o the_o saxon_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o our_o knight-service_n upon_o who_o then_o if_o it_o be_v in_o use_n among_o they_o do_v it_o lie_v for_o as_o touch_v the_o clergy_n it_o be_v say_v in_o the_o law_n of_o edw._n the_o confessor_n cap._n 11._o that_o the_o king_n and_o the_o people_n magis_fw-la in_o ecclesiae_fw-la confidebant_fw-la orationibus_fw-la quam_fw-la in_o armorum_fw-la defensionibus_fw-la and_o the_o report_n itself_o confess_v pag._n 3._o in_o pede_fw-la that_o the_o possession_n of_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n be_v first_o make_v subject_n to_o knight-service_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o william_n the_o conqueror_n in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n for_o their_o land_n be_v hold_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_n in_o pura_fw-la &_o libera_fw-la eleemosyna_fw-la free_a ab_fw-la omni_fw-la servitio_fw-la seculari_fw-la etc._n etc._n though_o this_o be_v not_o true_a in_o the_o latter_a part_n be_v strict_o take_v for_o no_o doubt_n their_o land_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o trinodi_fw-la necessitati_fw-la viz._n expeditioni_fw-la pontis_fw-la arcisque_fw-la constructioni_fw-la as_o before_o appear_v yet_o come_v it_o very_o fit_o to_o my_o purpose_n for_o hereby_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o if_o the_o trinodis_fw-la necessitas_fw-la make_v no_o tenure_n by_o knight-service_n or_o in_o capite_fw-la in_o the_o church_n land_n than_o neither_o do_v it_o in_o the_o thaneland_n as_o before_o we_o have_v show_v and_o then_o much_o less_o in_o the_o land_n of_o churl_n and_o husbandman_n common_o call_v the_o socmanni_n for_o it_o be_v agree_v on_o all_o hand_n that_o their_o land_n be_v hold_v no_o otherwise_o than_o by_o socage_n therefore_o if_o all_o kent_n in_o the_o saxon_n time_n be_v gavelkind_a then_o can_v there_o be_v no_o tenor_n by_o knight-service_n in_o all_o that_o county_n for_o glanvil_n lib._n 7._o c._n 3._o tell_v we_o that_o where_o the_o inheritance_n be_v divideable_a among_o the_o son_n it_o be_v socage_n and_o his_o reason_n be_v because_o that_o where_o it_o be_v hold_v by_o knight-service_n the_o primogenitus_fw-la succedit_fw-la in_o toto_fw-la this_o kentish_a custom_n be_v ab_fw-la initio_fw-la the_o general_a law_n of_o england_n and_o of_o all_o nation_n jew_n 2_o greek_n roman_n and_o the_o rest_n and_o so_o continue_v even_o till_o this_o day_n where_o the_o feodal_n law_n have_v not_o alter_v it_o which_o first_o happen_v here_o in_o england_n when_o the_o norman_n introduce_v their_o feud_n settle_v the_o whole_a inheritance_n of_o they_o upon_o the_o elder_a son_n which_o the_o ancient_a feodal_n law_n itself_o do_v not_o as_o we_o before_o have_v note_v till_o feud_n be_v grow_v perpetual_a the_o reason_n as_o i_o take_v it_o that_o beget_v this_o alteration_n be_v for_o that_o while_o the_o feud_n do_v descend_v in_o gavelkind_a to_o the_o son_n and_o nephew_n of_o the_o feodatorie_n the_o service_n be_v suspend_v till_o the_o lord_n have_v choose_v which_o of_o the_o son_n he_o will_v have_v for_o his_o tenant_n and_o then_o it_o be_v uncertain_a whether_o the_o party_n choose_v will_v accept_v of_o the_o feud_n or_o not_o for_o sometime_o there_o may_v be_v reason_n to_o refuse_v it_o to_o return_v where_o i_o leave_v it_o make_v to_o the_o proof_n of_o all_o this_o that_o have_v be_v say_v and_o for_o conclusion_n seem_v to_o be_v unanswerable_a that_o the_o old_a inheritance_n which_o in_o the_o saxon_n time_n belong_v to_o the_o crown_n call_v in_o doomsday_n terra_fw-la regis_fw-la and_o in_o the_o law_n book_n ancient_a demesne_n contain_v a_o great_a part_n of_o every_o county_n have_v not_o any_o land_n within_o it_o or_o within_o any_o manor_n thereof_o hold_v by_o knight-service_n for_o fitz-herbert_n d._n say_v that_o nul_fw-fr terres_fw-la sont_fw-fr ancient_a demesne_fw-la forsque_fw-la terres_fw-la tenus_fw-la en_fw-fr socage_n and_o therefore_o if_o the_o tenant_n in_o ancient_a demesne_n will_v claim_v to_o hold_v of_o the_o lord_n by_o knights-service_n it_o be_v good_a cause_n to_o remove_v the_o plea_n because_o that_o no_o land_n hold_v of_o a_o manor_n which_o be_v ancient_a demesne_n be_v hold_v by_o other_o service_n of_o the_o lord_n than_o by_o socage_n for_o the_o tenant_n in_o ancient_a demesne_n be_v call_v socmanni_n that_o be_v to_o say_v tenant_n deal_v carve_v angl._n le_fw-fr plough_n thus_o far_o fitz-herbert_n now_o if_o in_o the_o manor_n of_o the_o king_n himself_o there_o be_v then_o no_o land_n hold_v by_o knight-service_n throughout_o all_o england_n it_o will_v then_o in_o all_o probability_n follow_v that_o there_o be_v none_o likewise_o among_o his_o subject_n in_o the_o saxon_n time_n and_o consequent_o that_o our_o feudal_n law_n be_v not_o introduce_v before_o the_o conquest_n mr._n cambden_n by_o their_o own_o confession_n be_v of_o the_o same_o opinion_n and_o mr._n selden_n himself_o who_o they_o allege_v against_o i_o be_v clear_o with_o i_o as_o before_o i_o have_v show_v if_o these_o our_o three_o opinion_n avail_v nothing_o we_o have_v yet_o a_o four_o to_o strengthen_v bracton_n we_o great_a bracton_n the_o most_o learned_a in_o our_o ancient_a law_n and_o custom_n that_o have_v be_v in_o this_o kingdom_n who_o speak_v of_o forinsecum_fw-la servitium_fw-la as_o the_o genus_fw-la to_o these_o tenor_n say_v lib._n 2._o cap._n 16._o nu._n 7._o fol._n 36._o a._n that_o it_o be_v call_v regale_n servitium_fw-la quia_fw-la spectat_fw-la ad_fw-la dominum_fw-la regem_fw-la &_o non_fw-la ad_fw-la alium_fw-la &_o secundum_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o conquestu_fw-la fuit_fw-la adinventum_fw-la here_o bracton_n also_o refer_v the_o invention_n to_o the_o conquest_n but_o the_o report_n wave_v his_o opinion_n as_o well_o as_o we_o notwithstanding_o

heir_n upon_o every_o gift_n grant_v and_o alienation_n though_o no_o word_n be_v speak_v of_o they_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o feodal-law_n from_o whence_o all_o that_o part_n of_o our_o common-law_n that_o concern_v tee_fw-mi and_o tenor_n have_v original_a and_o which_o our_o common-law_n also_o affirm_v that_o there_o be_v always_o due_a ....._o 〈…〉_z those_o that_o thus_o receive_v their_o territory_n from_o the_o king_n be_v say_v to_o hold_v they_o in_o capite_fw-la for_o that_o the_o king_n be_v caput_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o be_v thereupon_o call_v capitanei_fw-la regis_fw-la and_o capitanei_fw-la regni_fw-la otherwise_o barones_n regis_n the_o king_n man_n tenant_n or_o vassal_n who_o have_v all_o the_o land_n divide_v among_o they_o save_v that_o which_o the_o king_n reserve_v to_o himself_o as_o sacrum_n patrimonium_fw-la be_v also_o call_v pares_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o be_v always_o upon_o commandment_n about_o the_o person_n of_o the_o king_n to_o defend_v he_o and_o his_o territory_n in_o war_n and_o to_o counsel_n and_o advise_v he_o in_o peace_n either_o judicial_o in_o matter_n of_o law_n bring_v before_o the_o king_n in_o his_o palace_n which_o in_o those_o day_n be_v the_o only_a place_n of_o royal_a justice_n or_o political_o in_o the_o great_a affair_n of_o the_o kingdom_n hereupon_o they_o be_v not_o only_o 216._o call_v praetorianum_fw-la consilium_fw-la as_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n palace_n but_o magnum_fw-la concilium_fw-la regis_fw-la and_o magnum_fw-la concilium_fw-la regni_fw-la for_o that_o in_o those_o time_n it_o belong_v only_o to_o they_o to_o consult_v with_o the_o king_n on_o state-matter_n and_o matter_n of_o the_o kingdom_n insomuch_o as_o no_o other_o in_o the_o kingdom_n possess_v any_o thing_n but_o under_o they_o and_o therefore_o as_o in_o despotical_a government_n the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o the_o master_n of_o the_o family_n conclude_v the_o menial_a and_o the_o whole_a family_n so_o the_o agreement_n and_o disagreement_n of_o the_o chief_a lord_n or_o he_o that_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la conclude_v all_o that_o depend_v on_o he_o or_o claim_v under_o he_o in_o any_o matter_n touch_v his_o fee_n or_o tenure_n to_o this_o purpose_n seem_v that_o in_o the_o 17._o law_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n ratify_v by_o the_o conqueror_n debet_fw-la etiam_fw-la rex_fw-la omne_fw-la ritè_fw-la facere_fw-la in_o regno_fw-la &_o per_fw-la judicium_fw-la proc●rum_fw-la regni_fw-la these_o great_a lord_n according_a to_o this_o archetype_n of_o government_n set_v they_o by_o the_o king_n divide_v their_o land_n in_o like_a manner_n among_o their_o tenant_n and_o follower_n first_o they_o assign_v a_o portion_n ad_fw-la victum_fw-la &_o vestitum_fw-la suum_fw-la which_o they_o commit_v over_o to_o their_o socman_n and_o husbandman_n to_o furnish_v they_o with_o corn_n victual_n and_o provision_n for_o hospitality_n and_o brief_o all_o thing_n necessary_a to_o their_o domestical_a and_o civil_a part_n of_o life_n the_o residue_n they_o divide_v into_o as_o many_o share_n or_o portion_n as_o may_v well_o maintain_v so_o many_o military_a man_n who_o then_o they_o call_v their_o knight_n and_o thereupon_o the_o share_n themselves_o knights-fee_n i._n e._n stipendia_fw-la militaria_fw-la and_o these_o fee_n they_o grant_v over_o to_o each_o of_o their_o principal_a follower_n furnish_v they_o with_o so_o many_o knight_n for_o the_o war_n these_o grantee_n that_o receive_v their_o estate_n from_o the_o baron_n or_o capitanei_fw-la and_o not_o from_o the_o king_n be_v call_v valvasore_n a_o degree_n above_o knight_n and_o be_v unto_o their_o lord_n the_o capitanei_fw-la or_o barones_n regis_fw-la as_o they_o the_o capitanei_fw-la be_v unto_o the_o king_n and_o do_v in_o like_a manner_n subdivide_v their_o land_n among_o their_o socman_n and_o military_a follower_n who_o in_o old_a time_n be_v call_v valvasini_n who_o i_o take_v to_o be_v the_o same_o at_o this_o day_n that_o be_v the_o lord_n of_o every_o manor_n if_o not_o those_o themselves_o that_o we_o call_v knight_n as_o owner_n of_o a_o knights-fee_n for_o in_o this_o the_o feodal-law_n itself_o be_v doubtful_a and_o various_a as_o of_o a_o thing_n lose_v by_o antiquity_n or_o make_v uncertain_a by_o the_o differ_a manner_n of_o several_a nation_n insomuch_o that_o valvasore_n and_o valvasini_n grow_v to_o be_v confound_v and_o both_o of_o they_o at_o last_o to_o be_v out_o of_o use_n and_o no_o other_o military_a tenor_n to_o be_v know_v among_o we_o than_o tenere_fw-la p●r_fw-la baroniam_fw-la and_o tenere_fw-la per_fw-la feodum_fw-la militare_fw-la but_o in_o a_o comitatib_n charter_n of_o henr._n i._n it_o be_v say_v si_fw-la exurgat_fw-la placitum_fw-la de_fw-la divisione_n terrarum_fw-la si_fw-la interest_n barones_n meos_fw-la dominicos_fw-la tractetur_fw-la in_o curia_fw-la mea_fw-la &_o si_fw-la inter_fw-la vavassores_fw-la duorum_fw-la dominorum_fw-la tractetur_fw-la in_o comitatu_fw-la etc._n etc._n where_o the_o valvasore_n be_v also_o and_o the_o baron_n themselves_o 8._o suitor_n and_o attendant_n bracton_n mention_v they_o in_o henry_n iii_n time_n to_o be_v 4._o viri_fw-la magnae_fw-la dignitatis_fw-la nor_o be_v their_o memory_n clean_o go_v in_o richard_n ii_n day_n as_o appear_v by_o chaucer_n yet_o do_v i_o not_o find_v in_o any_o of_o our_o ancient_a law_n or_o monument_n that_o they_o stand_v in_o any_o classic_n kind_a of_o tenure_n other_o than_o that_o we_o may_v account_v the_o baron_n vavasor_n and_o knight_n to_o be_v as_o our_o lawyer_n at_o this_o day_n term_v they_o the_o chief_a lord_n mesne_n and_o tenant_n but_o herein_o the_o feodal-law_n of_o our_o country_n differ_v from_o that_o of_o milan_n and_o other_o part_n for_o there_o the_o valvasini_n can_v invest_v which_o we_o call_v infeosse_v none_o under_o they_o in_o fee_n that_o be_v to_o hold_v of_o they_o by_o knights-service_n and_o with_o we_o every_o tenant_n par_fw-fr aval_a might_n in_o infinitum_fw-la till_o the_o statute_n of_o quia_fw-la emptores_fw-la terrarum_fw-la enfeoffe_v another_o by_o knight-service_n and_o to_o do_v all_o the_o service_n unto_o he_o that_o he_o do_v to_o his_o mesne_n lord_n so_o that_o by_o this_o mean_n a_o line_n of_o knights-service_n may_v be_v create_v of_o a_o dozen_o yea_o twenty_o mean-lord_n and_o tenant_n wherein_o every_o of_o they_o may_v have_v his_o prochine_n tenant_n oblige_v unto_o he_o in_o the_o duty_n and_o service_n that_o his_o lord_n paramont_n which_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n be_v to_o do_v and_o yield_v unto_o the_o king_n himself_o for_o the_o same_o land_n viz._n honour_n ward_n sustenance_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr safety_n marriage_n  _fw-fr give_v keep_v  _fw-fr attendance_n relief_n counsel_n to_o aid_n defence_n of_o his_o person_n tribute_n fidelity_n  _fw-fr defence_n of_o his_o patrimony_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr all_o which_o in_o ancient_a time_n while_o the_o feodal-law_n flourish_v be_v well_o understand_v to_o be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o profession_n of_o homage_n and_o the_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n which_o every_o feodal_n tenant_n or_o as_o other_o call_v he_o vassal_n usual_o do_v unto_o his_o lord_n honour_n 1._o promise_v by_o the_o tenant_n upon_o his_o knee_n in_o do_v homage_n which_o though_o it_o be_v the_o great_a and_o most_o submiss_a service_n that_o a_o freeman_n can_v do_v unto_o his_o lord_n yet_o the_o profession_n of_o it_o to_o the_o mean_a subject_n be_v as_o ample_a and_o submiss_a yea_o in_o the_o very_a same_o word_n that_o to_o the_o king_n himself_o attendance_n 284._o to_o follow_v and_o attend_v he_o in_o the_o war_n at_o his_o own_o charge_n and_o in_o peace_n with_o suit_n of_o court_n therefore_o tacitus_n call_v they_o comites_fw-la defence_n of_o his_o person_n for_o if_o he_o forsake_v his_o lord_n be_v in_o danger_n it_o be_v forfeiture_n of_o life_n land_n and_o all_o he_o have_v defence_n of_o his_o signiory_n that_o nothing_o of_o his_o land_n rent_n or_o service_n be_v withhold_v or_o withdraw_v profit_n by_o ward_n marriage_n and_o relief_n as_o they_o fall_v tribute_n by_o way_n of_o aid_n to_o make_v his_o elder_a son_n a_o knight_n to_o marry_v his_o elder_a daughter_n 133._o ransom_n himself_o be_v take_v prisoner_n yea_o in_o some_o place_n to_o be_v a_o hostage_n for_o his_o lord_n sustenance_n ibid._n that_o be_v fall_v into_o poverty_n according_a to_o that_o in_o the_o canon_n law_n speak_v of_o a_o patron_n alatur_fw-la egenus_fw-la counsel_n and_o advice_n in_o which_o respect_n the_o tenant_n be_v bind_v ordinary_o once_o in_o every_o three_o week_n to_o come_v to_o his_o lord_n court_n and_o there_o as_o a_o judge_n with_o other_o of_o his_o peer_n to_o censure_v the_o cause_n of_o his_o signiory_n and_o to_o direct_v his_o lord_n as_o the_o cause_n occurrent_a do_v require_v and_o always_o to_o keep_v his_o counsel_n this_o to_o the_o mean_a lord_n be_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o king_n be_v great_a court_n or_o counsel_n call_v afterward_o a_o parlyment_n fidelity_n for_o

richard_n tribunus_n regis_n or_o marshal_n to_o king_n henry_n ii_o 166._o hundrador_n 51._o hundred_o their_o original_n 50._o hundred_o court_n 51._o hunt_v forbid_v to_o clergyman_n 109_o 112_o 113_o 114_o 115._o hide_n what_o 17._o when_o disuse_v 4●_n i_o ibreney_n rad._n de_o 190._o iceni_n 135._o eorum_fw-la nomina_fw-la &_o derivatio_fw-la ibid._n icenia_n 135._o ejusdem_fw-la termini_fw-la ibid._n coelum_fw-la &_o solum_fw-la 13●_n ina_n king_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_n adjust_v the_o quantity_n of_o rent_n for_o every_o ploughland_n 15._o by_o who_o advice_n he_o make_v his_o law_n 61._o make_v a_o strict_a law_n against_o work_v on_o sunday_n 57_o ingolsthorp_n 146._o inland_a what_o 12._o intwood_n 157._o k._n john_n magna_fw-la charta_fw-la 63._o john_n marshal_z to_z king_n henry_n i._n 165._o irregularity_n of_o clergyman_n wherein_o it_o consist_v 109_o 112._o i_o shall_z fluvius_fw-la unde_fw-la dictus_fw-la 135._o ejusdem_fw-la aestus_fw-la 139._o islepe_o sim_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n 90._o jury_n take_v out_o of_o several_a hundred_o in_o a_o county_n 53._o jurour_n prohibit_v to_o have_v meat_n etc._n etc._n till_o agree_v of_o their_o verdict_n 89._o jus_fw-la gentium_fw-la 2._o justice_n of_o eure_n when_o institute_v 27._o justinian_n the_o emperor_n when_o he_o flourish_v 129._o he_o prohibit_v clergyman_n to_o take_v cognizance_n of_o wi_n ibid._n justitium_fw-la what_o 72._o k_o keninghall_n 158._o kent_n the_o custom_n of_o gavelkind_n in_o that_o county_n 43._o kettringham_n 15●_n the_o king_n the_o fountain_n of_o all_o feud_n and_o tenor_n 1●_n the_o king_n to_o have_v his_o tenant_n land_n till_o the_o heir_n have_v do_v homage_n 3●_n the_o king_n universal_a lord_n of_o his_o whole_a territory_n 37._o ancient_o grant_v church_n to_o layman_n 115_o knight_n what_o among_o the_o saxon_n 51_o 58._o why_o there_o be_v but_o two_o knight_n of_o the_o shire_n for_o a_o county_n 64._o knight's-fee_n 3_o 4_o 51_o 58._o when_o introduce_v 45._o the_o number_n of_o they_o ibid._n the_o value_n of_o a_o knights-fee_n ibid._n knight-service_n 2_o 7._o kymberley_n 158._o s_o sacha_n &_o soca_n what_o in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n 51._o salique_n bring_v the_o german_a feodal_a right_n into_o france_n 5._o shall_v in_o norfolk_n 151._o sandringham_n 146._o sanhadrim_n when_o and_o where_o the_o judge_n of_o it_o sit_v 75._o satrapy_n among_o the_o saxon_n 50._o saxon_n the_o first_o planter_n of_o the_o german_a rite_n in_o great_a britain_n 5._o their_o charter_n translate_v 7._o the_o manner_n of_o make_v their_o conveyance_n 8_o distinction_n of_o person_n among_o they_o 11._o how_o many_o degree_n of_o honour_n they_o have_v 16._o how_o they_o hold_v their_o land_n 40._o what_o oblige_v they_o to_o so_o many_o kind_n of_o service_n ibid._n saxon_n very_o much_o give_v to_o drunkenness_n 89._o when_o they_o take_v possession_n of_o england_n 100_o they_o sweep_v away_o the_o roman_a law_n there_o 101_o yet_o take_v somewhat_o from_o they_o 102._o why_o their_o law_n be_v not_o at_o first_o put_v in_o writing_n ibid._n when_o they_o have_v write_v law_n ibid._n the_o use_n of_o will_n unknown_a to_o the_o ancient_a saxon_n 127._o our_o saxon_n observe_v the_o civil_a law_n in_o their_o will_n 128._o scutagium_fw-la 36_o 37._o sedgeford_n 146._o segrave_n nicholas_n marshal_v of_o england_n 167._o seignory_n wherein_o it_o consist_v 2._o service_n how_o many_o sort_n of_o they_o upon_o land_n 17._o personal_a service_n 40._o praedial_a ibid._n alodial_a ibid._n beneficiary_n ibid._n colonical_a ibid._n servitia_fw-la militaria_fw-la what_o 46._o the_o difference_n between_o they_o and_o servitutes_fw-la militares_fw-la ibid._n seymour_n edward_n duke_n of_o somerset_n nephew_n of_o king_n edw._n vi_o 169._o make_a lord_n treasurer_n and_o earl_n marshal_n of_o england_n ibid._n shardlow_n joh_n justice_n of_o oyer_n have_v a_o licence_n to_o hear_v cause_n on_o a_o festival_n 95_o 96._o sharnburn_n 146._o history_n of_o the_o family_n 189_o etc._n etc._n shelton_n 156._o shouldham_n 142._o shire_n gemot_a what_o 53._o signioral_a authority_n what_o 6●_n snetsham_n 146_o 189_o 190_o etc._n etc._n socage_n 3_o 7_o 33_o 43._o socman_n 1●_n 15_o 57_o sprowston_n 153._o stanchow_n 146_o 19●_n star_n chamber_n court_n 94_o 95._o stigand_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n depose_v 119._o stock-chappel_n 146._o stow-bardolfe_a 140._o strangbow_n gilb_n earl_n of_o pembroke_n and_o marshal_n of_o the_o king_n palace_n 165._o suitor_n of_o the_o hundred_o 51._o when_o and_o by_o who_o call_v at_o this_o day_n ibid._n summons_n the_o manner_n of_o it_o in_o the_o empire_n 36._o sunday_n how_o exempt_v from_o law_n suit_n 76._o sustenance_n what_o 59_o swasham_n 141._o swainmote-court_n 85._o syndici_fw-la who_o 63_o 64._o synod_n of_o eanham_n when_o hold_v 78._o t_o talbot_n george_n earl_n of_o shrewsbury_n 171._o execute_v the_o office_n of_o lord_n high_a steward_n of_o england_n ibid._n tallagium_fw-la 60._o tasburg_n 156._o tassilo_o duke_n of_o bavaria_n do_v homage_n to_o king_n pipin_n 34._o tenant_n land_n of_o how_o many_o sort_n 4._o tenant_n by_o knight-service_n 4._o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la 10._o tenant_n in_o menalty_n ibid._n tenant_n paraval_n ibid._n tenant_n land_n or_o the_o tenancy_n 12._o tenant_n what_o they_o be_v in_o ancient_a time_n 51._o tenant_n in_o socage_n 57_o tenant_n force_v to_o pay_v a_o fine_a upon_o the_o marriage_n of_o a_o daughter_n 60._o to_o furnish_v their_o lord_n with_o provision_n ibid._n to_o present_v they_o with_o gratuity_n ibid._n tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la 2._o by_o knight-service_n 4_o 7._o the_o original_a of_o tenor_n 4._o tenure_n in_o socage_n 4_o 7._o tenor_n for_o life_n ibid._n what_o tenor_n be_v in_o use_n among_o the_o saxon_n 7._o when_o first_o use_v ibid._n no_o tenor_n in_o capite_fw-la among_o the_o saxon_n 10._o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la of_o two_o sort_n ibid._n the_o fruit_n of_o feodal_a tenor_n 24._o the_o name_n of_o tenor_n not_o use_v by_o the_o saxon_n 40._o terminus_n what_o it_o signify_v 71._o when_o the_o word_n become_v frequent_a ibid._n term_n their_o definition_n and_o etymology_n 71._o several_a acceptation_n of_o the_o word_n 70._o full_a term_n and_o puisne_n term_v ibid._n the_o original_a of_o term_n 73_o &_o 77._o two_o term_n among_o the_o welsh_a 74._o the_o term_n lay_v out_o according_a to_o the_o ancient_a law_n 82._o the_o ancient_a bound_n of_o hilary-term_n 82_o 83._o of_o easter-term_n 83._o of_o trinity-term_n 84_o 85._o of_o michaelmass-term_n 85_o 86._o how_o trinity_n term_n be_v alter_v 87._o michaelmass-term_n how_o abbreviate_v 88_o why_o the_o term_n be_v sometime_o extend_v into_o the_o vacation_n 95._o terra_fw-la regis_fw-la 57_o terrae_fw-la testamentales_fw-la 12._o terrington_n 138._o tertium_fw-la denarium_fw-la 14._o testament_n and_o last_o will_v not_o in_o use_n among_o the_o ancient_a hebrew_n 127._o not_o find_v in_o scripture_n before_o christ_n time_n ibid._n express_o mention_v by_o st._n paul_n ibid._n not_o use_v by_o the_o saxon_n or_o norman_n ibid._n the_o custom_n of_o make_v will_n from_o who_o take_v up_o ibid._n how_o many_o witness_n to_o a_o will_n require_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n 128._o thane_n or_o theoden_a who_o 10_o 11._o their_o several_a kind_n 16._o not_o proper_o a_o title_n of_o dignity_n ibid._n the_o etymology_n of_o their_o name_n ibid._n the_o quality_n of_o their_o person_n ibid._n the_o nature_n of_o their_o land_n 17._o the_o word_n thane_n have_v no_o relation_n to_o war_n 21._o a_o thane_n heriot_n 31._o thaneland_n not_o subject_a to_o feodal_a service_n 18._o charter_n of_o thaneland_n grant_v by_o saxon_a king_n 19_o 20._o the_o occasion_n of_o grant_v they_o 21._o thaneland_n alienate_v ibid._n devise_a by_o will_n 22._o grant_v to_o woman_n ibid._n no_o service_n upon_o they_o but_o what_o be_v express_v ibid._n dispos_fw-mi d_o of_o at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o owner_n 23._o charge_v with_o a_o rent_n ibid._n may_v be_v restrain_v from_o alienation_n ibid._n thaneland_n and_o reveland_n what_o 38._o thani_fw-la majores_fw-la &_o minores_fw-la 16._o thani_fw-la regis_fw-la ibid._n theinge_v 50._o his_o jurisdiction_n ibid._n theowe_n and_o esne_n who_o 11._o thetford_n 158._o thokus_n dominus_fw-la de_fw-fr sharnburn_n 189._o thola_fw-la the_o widow_n of_o ore_n have_v a_o grant_n of_o certain_a land_n of_o k._n edw._n the_o confessor_n 20._o obtain_v a_o licence_n to_o devise_v her_o land_n and_o good_n 34._o thrimsa_n what_o 15._o thrithingreves_n or_o leidgereu●s_n their_o office_n and_o authority_n 52._o what_o cause_n be_v usual_o bring_v before_o '_o they_o ibid._n tribunus_n militum_fw-la rei_fw-la militaris_fw-la aut_fw-la exercitus_fw-la 165._o tribute_n 59_o trimarcesia_n what_o 3._o trinity-term_n its_o ancient_a bound_n 84_o 85._o how_o it_o be_v alter_v and_o shorten_v 87._o trinodis_fw-la necessitas_fw-la 17_o 43._o trithing_n or_o lath_n 50._o why_o so_o call_v 52._o turf_n why_o so_o call_v 139_o 140._o tydd_n

majesty_n will_v please_v to_o consider_v his_o son_n according_o the_o king_n send_v for_o mr._n spelman_n and_o with_o many_o expression_n of_o kindness_n immediate_o spelman_n confer_v on_o he_o the_o honour_n of_o knighthood_n after_o the_o civil_a war_n break_v out_o his_o majesty_n by_o a_o letter_n under_o his_o own_o hand_n command_v he_o from_o his_o own_o house_n in_o norfolk_n to_o give_v his_o attendance_n at_o oxford_n where_o he_o be_v oftentimes_o call_v to_o private_a council_n and_o employ_v to_o write_v several_a paper_n in_o vindication_n of_o the_o proceed_n of_o the_o court_n but_o while_o he_o be_v thus_o attend_v the_o affair_n of_o the_o public_a and_o when_o these_o will_v give_v he_o leave_v his_o own_o private_a study_n he_o fall_v sick_a and_o die_v the_o 25._o of_o july_n 1643._o his_o funeral_n sermon_n by_o his_o majesty_n be_v special_a order_n be_v preach_v by_o archbishop_n usher_n a_o intimate_a acquaintance_n both_o of_o the_o father_n and_o son_n in_o the_o year_n 1640._o he_o have_v publish_v the_o saxon_a psalter_n from_o a_o ancient_a ms._n of_o sir_n henry_n which_o as_o he_o tell_v we_o in_o the_o preface_n be_v a_o task_n enjoin_v he_o by_o his_o father_n he_o also_o write_v the_o life_n of_o king_n alfred_n in_o english_a which_o have_v lie_v several_a year_n in_o manuscript_n be_v at_o last_o translate_v into_o latin_a and_o publish_v in_o 1678._o with_o mr._n walker_n commentary_n upon_o it_o spelman_n clement_n spelman_n young_a son_n to_o sir_n henry_n be_v a_o councillor_n and_o make_v puny_a baron_n of_o the_o exchequer_n upon_o the_o restoration_n of_o king_n charles_n ii_o he_o 2._o publish_v some_o piece_n relate_v to_o the_o government_n and_o a_o large_a preface_n to_o his_o father_n book_n de_fw-fr non_fw-la temerandis_fw-la ecclesiis_fw-la die_v in_o june_n 1679._o he_o be_v bury_v in_o st._n dunstan_n church_n in_o fleetstreet_n 〈…〉_z to_o return_v to_o sir_n henry_n he_o die_v in_o london_n at_o the_o house_n of_o sir_n ralph_n whitfeild_n his_o son-in-law_n be_v about_o 80._o year_n of_o age._n his_o body_n by_o the_o favour_n of_o king_n charles_n be_v appoint_v to_o be_v inter_v in_o westminster-abbey_n whither_o it_o be_v carry_v with_o great_a solemnity_n on_o the_o 24_o the_o of_o october_n 1641._o and_o bury_v at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o pillar_n over_o against_o mr._n camden_n monument_n the_o several_a discourse_n contain_a in_o this_o volume_n 1._o the_o original_a growth_n propagation_n and_o condition_n of_o feud_n and_o tenor_n by_o knight-service_n in_o england_n pag._n 1._o chap._n i._n the_o occasion_n of_o this_o discourse_n and_o what_o a_o feud_n be_v p._n 1._o chap._n ii_o the_o original_a growth_n and_o propagation_n of_o feud_n first_o in_o general_n then_o in_o england_n p._n 2._o chap._n iii_o that_o none_o of_o our_o feodal_n word_n nor_o word_n of_o tenure_n be_v find_v in_o any_o law_n or_o ancient_a charter_n of_o the_o saxon_n p._n 7._o chap._n iu._n of_o tenor_n in_o capite_fw-la more_o particular_o p._n 10._o chap._n v._o what_o degree_n and_o distinction_n of_o person_n be_v among_o the_o saxon_n and_o of_o what_o condition_n their_o land_n be_v p._n 11._o chap._n vi_o of_o earl_n among_o our_o saxon_n p._n 13._o chap._n vii_o of_o ceorl_n and_o that_o they_o be_v ordinary_o but_o as_o tenant_n at_o will_n or_o have_v land_n hold_v not_o by_o knight-service_n p._n 14._o chap._n viii_o of_o thanes_z and_o their_o several_a kind_n p._n 16._o chap._n ix_o charter_n of_o thaneland_n grant_v by_o saxon_a king_n not_o only_o without_o mention_n of_o tenure_n or_o feodal-service_n but_o with_o all_o immunity_n except_o expedition_n etc._n etc._n p._n 19_o chap._n x._o observation_n upon_o the_o precedent_n charter_n show_v that_o the_o thaneland_n or_o expedition_n be_v not_o feodal_n or_o do_v lie_v in_o tenure_n p._n 21._o chap._n xi_o more_o touch_v the_o freedom_n of_o thaneland_n out_o of_o doomsday_n p._n 23._o chap._n xii_o the_o fruit_n of_o feodal_n tenor_n and_o that_o they_o be_v not_o find_v among_o the_o saxon_n or_o not_o after_o our_o manner_n p._n 24._o chap._n xiii_o no_o profit_n of_o land_n by_o wardship_n in_o the_o saxon_n time_n p._n 25._o chap._n fourteen_o no_o wardship_n in_o england_n among_o the_o saxon_n objection_n answer_v p._n 25._o caap._n xv._n no_o marriage_n of_o ward_n p._n 29._o chap._n xvi_o no_o livery_n no_o primer-seisin_a p._n 30._o chap._n xvii_o that_o relief_n whereon_o the_o report_n most_o rely_v be_v not_o in_o use_n among_o the_o saxon_n nor_o like_o their_o heriot_n p._n 31._o chap._n xviii_o difference_n between_o heriot_n and_o relief_n p._n 32._o chap._n xix_o no_o fine_n for_o licence_n of_o alienation_n p._n 33._o chap._n xx._n no_o feodal_n homage_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 34._o chap._n xxi_o what_o manner_n of_o fealty_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 34._o chap._n xxii_o no_o escuage_z among_o the_o saxon_n what_o in_o the_o empire_n p._n 36._o chap._n xxiii_o no_o feodal_n escheat_n of_o hereditary_a land_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 37._o chap._n xxiv_o thaneland_n and_o reveland_n what_o no_o mark_n of_o tenure_n but_o distinction_n of_o land-holders_n p._n 38._o chap._n xxv_o how_o the_o saxon_n hold_v their_o land_n and_o what_o oblige_v they_o to_o so_o many_o kind_n of_o service_n p._n 40._o chap._n xxvi_o the_o charter_n whereby_o oswald_n bishop_n of_o worcester_n dispose_v divers_a land_n of_o his_o church_n after_o the_o feodal_n manner_n of_o that_o time_n entitle_v indiculum_fw-la libertatis_fw-la de_fw-la oswalds-laws-hundred_n p._n 41._o chap._n xxvii_o inducement_n to_o the_o conclusion_n p._n 43._o chap._n xxviii_o the_o conclusion_n p._n 46._o ii_o of_o the_o ancient_a government_n of_o england_n p._n 49._o iii_o of_o parliament_n p._n 57_o iv._o the_o original_a of_o the_o four_o term_n of_o the_o year_n p._n 67._o the_o occasion_n of_o this_o discourse_n p._n 69._o sect_n i._o of_o the_o term_n in_o general_a p._n 71._o sect_n ii_o of_o the_o name_n of_o term_n ibid._n sect_n iii_o of_o the_o original_a of_o term_n or_o law-day_n p._n 73_o sect_n iv._o of_o the_o time_n assign_v to_o law-matter_n call_v the_o term_n ibid._n chap._n i._o of_o law-day_n among_o the_o ancient_n p._n 74._o chap._n ii_o of_o law-day_n among_o the_o roman_n use_v choice_a day_n p._n 75._o chap._n iii_o of_o law-day_n among_o the_o first_o christian_n use_v all_o time_n alike_o p._n 75._o chap._n iu._n how_o sunday_n come_v to_o be_v exempt_v p._n 76._o chap._n v._o how_o other_o festival_n and_o vacation-day_n be_v exempt_v ibid._n chap._n vi_o that_o our_o term_n take_v their_o original_n from_o the_o canon-law_n p._n 77._o chap._n vii_o the_o constitution_n of_o our_o saxon_a king_n in_o this_o matter_n ibid._n chap._n viii_o the_o constitution_n of_o canutus_n more_o particular_a p._n 78._o chap._n ix_o the_o constitution_n of_o edw._n the_o confessor_n most_o material_a p._n 79._o chap._n x._o the_o constitution_n of_o william_n the_o conqueror_n p._n 80._o chap._n xi_o what_o do_v by_o will._n rufus_n henry_n i._n k._n stephen_n and_o hen._n ii_o p._n 81._o chap._n xii_o the_o term_n lay_v out_o according_a to_o their_o ancient_a law_n p._n 82._o chap._n xiii_o easter-term_n p._n 83._o chap._n fourteen_o trinity-term_n p._n 84._o chap._n xv._n of_o michaelmass-term_n according_a to_o the_o ancient_a constitution_n p._n 85._o chap._n xvi_o the_o late_a constitution_n of_o the_o term_n p._n 86._o chap._n xvii_o how_o trinity_n term_n be_v alter_v and_o shorten_v p._n 87._o chap._n xviii_o how_n michaelmass-term_n be_v abbreviate_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n 16._o car._n i._o cap._n 6._o p._n 81._o sect_n v._o other_o consideration_n concern_v termtime_n ibid._n chap._n i._n why_o the_o high-court_n sit_v not_o in_o the_o afternoon_n p._n 89._o chap._n ii_o why_o they_o sit_v not_o at_o all_o some_o day_n p._n 90._o chap._n iii_o why_o some_o law_n business_n may_v be_v do_v on_o day_n exempt_v p._n 93._o chap._n iu._n why_o the_o end_n of_o michaelmass-term_n be_v sometime_o hold_v in_o advent_n and_o of_o hilary_n in_o septuagesima_fw-la etc._n etc._n p._n 95._o chap._n v._o why_o assize_n be_v hold_v in_o lent_n ibid._n chap._n vi_o of_o the_o return_v p._n 96._o chap._n vii_o of_o the_o quarta_fw-la dies_fw-la post_fw-la p._n 97._o chap._n viii_o why_o there_o be_v so_o much_o canon_n and_o foreign_a law_n use_v in_o this_o discourse_n with_o a_o excursion_n into_o the_o original_n of_o our_o law_n p._n 98._o appendix_n p._n 104._o v._o a_o apology_n for_o archbishop_n abbot_n touch_v the_o death_n of_o peter_n hawkins_n the_o keeper_n wound_v in_o the_o park_n at_o bramsil_n july_n 24._o 1621._o p._n 107._o vi_o a_o answer_n to_o the_o say_a apology_n p._n 111._o vii_o letter_n and_o instrument_n relate_v to_o the_o kill_n of_o hawkins_n by_o the_o a._n b._n

p._n 121._o viii_o of_o the_o original_a of_o testament_n and_o will_n and_o of_o their_o probate_n to_o who_o it_o it_o ancient_o belong_v p._n 127._o ix_o icenia_n sive_fw-la norfolciae_fw-la descriptio_fw-la topographica_n p._n 133._o x._o catalogus_fw-la comitum_fw-la marescallorum_fw-la angliae_fw-la p._n 165._o xi_o dissertatio_n de_fw-fr milite_fw-la p._n 172._o de_fw-fr aetate_fw-la militari_fw-la p._n 174._o de_fw-fr evocatis_fw-la ad_fw-la militiam_fw-la suscipiendam_fw-la p._n 175._o de_fw-fr modo_fw-la ●reandi_fw-la militem_fw-la honoratum_fw-la &_o primo_fw-la de_fw-la cingulo_fw-la militari_fw-la p._n 176._o qui_fw-la olim_fw-la fiebant_fw-la milites_fw-la p._n 179._o qui_fw-la possint_fw-la militem_fw-la facere_fw-la p._n 180._o judices_fw-la etiam_fw-la sub_fw-la appellatione_fw-la militum_fw-la censeri_fw-la scil_n equ_n esse_fw-la palatinos_n p._n 182._o de_fw-fr loco_fw-la &_o tempore_fw-la creationis_fw-la p._n 183._o de_fw-fr censu_fw-la militari_fw-la p._n 184._o modus_fw-la exauctorandi_fw-la militem_fw-la quod_fw-la degradare_fw-la nuncupatur_fw-la xii_o historia_fw-la familiae_fw-la de_fw-la sharnburn_n p._n 187._o xiii_o familiae_fw-la extraneorum_fw-la sive_fw-la lestrange_n accurata_fw-la descriptio_fw-la p._n 200._o fourteen_o a_o dialogue_n concern_v the_o coin_n of_o the_o kingdom_n particular_o what_o great_a treasure_n be_v exhaust_v from_o england_n by_o the_o usurp_a supremacy_n of_o rome_n p._n 203._o xv._n a_o catalogue_n of_o the_o place_n or_o dwelling_n of_o the_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n of_o this_o realm_n now_o or_o of_o former_a time_n in_o which_o their_o several_a owner_n have_v ordinary_a jurisdiction_n as_o if_o parcel_n of_o their_o diocese_n though_o they_o be_v situate_a within_o the_o precinct_n of_o another_o bishop_n diocese_n p._n 211._o the_o original_a growth_n propagation_n and_o condition_n of_o feud_n and_o tenor_n by_o knight-service_n in_o england_n chap._n i._n the_o occasion_n of_o this_o discourse_n and_o what_o a_o feud_n be_v in_o the_o great_a case_n of_o tenor_n upon_o the_o commission_n of_o defective_a title_n argue_v by_o all_o the_o judge_n of_o ireland_n and_o publish_v after_o their_o resolution_n by_o the_o commandment_n of_o the_o lord_n deputy_n this_o year_n 1639._o it_o fall_v out_o upon_o the_o four_o point_n of_o the_o case_n to_o be_v affirm_v that_o tenor_n have_v their_o original_n in_o england_n before_o the_o norman_a conquest_n and_o in_o pursuit_n of_o this_o assertion_n it_o be_v conclude_v that_o feud_n be_v then_o and_o there_o in_o use_n in_o proof_n hereof_o divers_a law_n and_o charter_n of_o the_o saxon_a king_n and_o some_o other_o authority_n be_v there_o allege_v which_o be_v conceive_v to_o have_v clear_v that_o point_n it_o thus_o follow_v in_o the_o report_n p._n 35._o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v say_v that_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n be_v mistake_v who_o in_o his_o glossary_n verbo_fw-la feodum_fw-la refer_v the_o original_n of_o feud_n in_o england_n to_o the_o norman_a conquest_n and_o for_o a_o corollary_n p._n 38._o add_v these_o word_n neither_o be_v the_o bare_a conjecture_n of_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n sufficient_a to_o take_v away_o the_o force_n of_o these_o law_n vide_fw-la spelman_n in_o glossar_n verbo_fw-la feodum_fw-la be_v thus_o by_o way_n of_o voucher_n make_v a_o chief_a antagonist_n to_o the_o reverend_a opinion_n of_o these_o learned_a grave_a and_o honour_a judge_n i_o humble_o desire_v of_o they_o that_o write_v what_o i_o do_v so_o long_o ago_o and_o in_o a_o transitory_a passage_n among_o a_o thousand_o other_o obscure_a word_n not_o think_v then_o to_o be_v provoke_v to_o this_o account_n they_o will_v be_v please_v to_o pardon_v my_o mistake_n where_o they_o fall_v and_o to_o hear_v without_o offence_n what_o motive_n lead_v i_o to_o my_o conjecture_n which_o they_o speak_v of_o it_o be_v necessary_a therefore_o that_o first_o of_o all_o we_o make_v the_o question_n certain_a which_o in_o my_o understanding_n be_v not_o do_v in_o the_o report_n for_o it_o be_v not_o declare_v whether_o there_o be_v divers_a kind_n of_o feud_n or_o no_o nor_o what_o kind_n they_o be_v that_o be_v in_o use_n among_o the_o saxon_n nor_o what_o kind_n those_o be_v that_o i_o conjecture_v to_o be_v bring_v in_o by_o the_o norman_a conqueror_n i_o will_v therefore_o follow_v the_o direction_n of_o the_o orator_n and_o fix_v the_o question_n upon_o the_o definition_n 〈◊〉_d a_o feud_n be_v say_v to_o be_v usus_fw-la fruct●s_fw-la quidam_fw-la rei_fw-la immobilis_fw-la sub_fw-la conditione_n fidei_fw-la but_o this_o definition_n be_v of_o too_o large_a extent_n for_o such_o kind_n of_o feud_n as_o our_o question_n must_v consist_v upon_o for_o it_o include_v two_o member_n or_o species_n great_o differ_v one_o from_o the_o other_o the_o one_o temporary_a and_o revocable_a as_o those_o at_o will_n or_o for_o year_n li●e_z or_o life_n the_o other_o hereditary_a and_o perpetual_a as_o for_o temporary_a ●eu●s_n which_o like_o wild_a figtree_n can_v yield_v none_o of_o the_o feodal_a fruit_n of_o wardship_n marriage_n relief_n etc._n etc._n unto_o their_o lord_n they_o belong_v nothing_o unto_o our_o argument_n nor_o shall_v i_o make_v other_o use_n in_o set_v of_o they_o forth_o than_o to_o assure_v the_o reader_n they_o be_v not_o those_o that_o our_o law_n take_v notice_n of_o to_o come_v therefore_o to_o our_o proper_a scheme_n let_v we_o see_v what_o that_o hereditary_a feud_n be_v whereupon_o our_o question_n must_v be_v fix_v for_o none_o but_o this_o can_v bear_v the_o feodal_a fruit_n we_o speak_v of_o wardship_n marriage_n etc._n etc._n 〈…〉_z seq_n a_o feud_n be_v a_o right_n which_o the_o vassal_n have_v in_o land_n or_o some_o immovable_a thing_n of_o his_o lord_n to_o use_v the_o same_o and_o take_v the_o profit_n thereof_o hereditary_o render_v unto_o his_o lord_n such_o feodal_a duty_n and_o service_n as_o belong_v to_o military_a tenure_n the_o mere_a propriety_n of_o the_o soil_n always_o remain_v unto_o the_o lord_n i_o call_v it_o as_o the_o feudist_n do_v jus_fw-la utendi_fw-la praedio_fw-la alieno_fw-la a_o right_a to_o use_v another_o man_n land_n not_o a_o property_n in_o it_o for_o in_o true_a feodal_a speech_n the_o tenant_n or_o vassal_n have_v nothing_o in_o the_o 178._o propriety_n of_o the_o soil_n itself_o but_o it_o remain_v entire_o unto_o the_o lord_n and_o be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o usual_a name_n which_o we_o now_o give_v it_o of_o the_o seignory_n so_o that_o the_o seignory_n and_o the_o feud_n be_v join_v together_o seem_v to_o make_v that_o absolute_a and_o complete_a estate_n of_o inheritance_n which_o the_o feudist_n in_o time_n of_o old_a call_v allodium_fw-la but_o this_o kind_n of_o feud_n we_o speak_v of_o and_o no_o other_o be_v that_o only_a whereof_o our_o law_n take_v notice_n though_o time_n have_v somewhat_o vary_v it_o from_o the_o first_o institution_n by_o draw_v the_o propriety_n of_o the_o soil_n from_o the_o lord_n unto_o the_o tenant_n and_o i_o both_o conceive_v and_o affirm_v under_o correction_n that_o this_o our_o kind_n of_o feud_n be_v perpetual_a and_o hereditary_a and_o subject_a to_o wardship_n marriage_n and_o relief_n with_o other_o feodal_a service_n be_v not_o in_o use_n among_o our_o saxon_n nor_o our_o law_n of_o tenor_n whereon_o they_o depend_v once_o know_v unto_o they_o as_o shall_v appear_v by_o that_o which_o hereafter_o follow_v chap._n ii_o the_o original_a growth_n and_o propagation_n of_o feud_n first_o in_o general_n then_o in_o england_n before_o i_o enter_v into_o the_o question_n in_o hand_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a for_o better_a understanding_n that_o which_o follow_v to_o set_v forth_o the_o original_n growth_n propagation_n and_o condition_n of_o feud_n in_o general_a which_o i_o conceive_v to_o be_v thus_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o jus_fw-la gentium_fw-la lord_n and_o servant_n and_o those_o servant_n of_o two_o sort_n some_o to_o attend_v and_o guard_v the_o person_n of_o their_o lord_n upon_o all_o occasion_n in_o war_n and_o peace_n some_o to_o manure_v his_o land_n for_o the_o sustenance_n of_o he_o and_o his_o family_n when_o private_a family_n be_v draw_v into_o a_o kingdom_n the_o king_n themselves_o hold_v this_o distribution_n 〈◊〉_d example_n hereof_o be_v in_o all_o nation_n 2d_o king_n david_n well_o observe_v it_o in_o the_o institution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o israel_n where_o if_o such_o service_n have_v any_o show_n of_o feud_n or_o tenor_n we_o have_v a_o pattern_n for_o they_o all_o viz._n for_o that_o of_o francalmoine_n 23._o in_o the_o levite_n for_o knight-service_n tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o grand_a serjeanty_n 27._o in_o the_o military_a man_n which_o serve_v the_o king_n personal_o by_o monthly_a course_n for_o socage_n in_o those_o who_o david_n appoint_v to_o manure_v the_o field_n dress_v the_o vineyard_n the_o olive-tree_n the_o mulberry-tree_n and_o that_o have_v the_o care_n of_o the_o oil_n of_o the_o ox_n of_o the_o camel_n ass_n sheep_n etc._n etc._n for_o the_o

land_n and_o portion_n of_o the_o levite_n be_v give_v to_o do_v the_o service_n of_o the_o tabernacle_n 17._o the_o land_n of_o the_o other_o tribe_n to_o fight_v the_o battle_n of_o the_o lord_n against_o his_o idolatrous_a enemy_n and_o to_o root_v they_o out_o thus_o may_v fancy_n couple_v the_o remote_a thing_n to_o come_v low_o down_o and_o near_a home_n 118._o pausanias_n tell_v we_o we_o that_o when_o brennus_n who_o they_o say_v be_v a_o britain_n invade_v greece_n with_o a_o army_n of_o gaul_n every_o horseman_n of_o the_o better_a sort_n have_v two_o other_o gaul_n horseman_n to_o attend_v and_o second_v he_o as_o his_o vassal_n and_o they_o three_o together_o be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d trimarcesiam_n i._n e._n a_o society_n of_o three_o horseman_n 118._o but_o caesar_n say_v that_o the_o noble_a gaul_n in_o his_o time_n have_v according_a to_o their_o ability_n many_o horseman_n attend_v they_o in_o war_n who_o by_o a_o german_a word_n he_o call_v ambactos_fw-la which_o proper_o signify_v servant_n vassal_n workman_n ambact●_n and_o labourer_n yet_o he_o by_o a_o fair_a name_n expound_v it_o there_o 184._o in_o latin_a clientes_fw-la and_o in_o another_o place_n 124._o call_v they_o among_o the_o german_n comites_fw-la &_o familiares_fw-la as_o account_v they_o like_o abraham_n 14._o 318._o soldier_n to_o be_v all_o their_o lord_n follower_n and_o of_o his_o family_n tacitus_n 129._o likewise_o name_v they_o comites_fw-la as_o companion_n and_o follower_n quod_fw-la bello_fw-la sequi_fw-la dominum_fw-la coguntur_fw-la say_v 284._o cujacius_n but_o tacitus_n further_o say_v gradus_fw-la quinetiam_fw-la ipse_fw-la comitatus_fw-la habet_fw-la judicio_fw-la ejus_fw-la quem_fw-la sectantur_fw-la that_o there_o be_v degree_n in_o those_o company_n as_o he_o who_o they_o follow_v do_v appoint_v like_o they_o perhaps_o in_o after-age_n of_o earl_n baron_n knight_n etc._n etc._n but_o how_o the_o comites_fw-la or_o ambacti_fw-la be_v maintain_v neither_o caesar_n nor_o yet_o tacitus_n have_v relate_v as_o for_o such_o portion_n of_o land_n as_o we_o call_v knights-fee_n they_o can_v not_o then_o have_v any_o for_o caesar_n 120._o speak_v of_o the_o german_n say_v and_o so_o it_o appear_v by_o tacitus_n mor._n neque_fw-la cuique_fw-la agri_fw-la modum_fw-la certum_fw-la aut_fw-la fine_n proprios_fw-la habet_fw-la etc._n etc._n that_o no_o man_n have_v any_o certain_a estate_n or_o peculiar_a bound_n of_o land_n but_o the_o magistrate_n and_o lord_n of_o the_o place_n assign_v from_o year_n to_o year_n to_o kindred_n and_o such_o as_o live_v together_o what_o quantity_n of_o land_n and_o in_o what_o place_n they_o think_v good_a and_o the_o next_o year_n force_v they_o to_o remove_v the_o reason_n you_o may_v see_v in_o caesar_n who_o 121._o also_o show_v that_o they_o have_v no_o common_a magistrate_n but_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o town_n or_o territory_n set_v what_o law_n he_o will_v among_o his_o follower_n or_o ambactos_fw-la these_o law_n the_o goth_n the_o swede_n the_o dane_n and_o saxon_n call_v bilagines_n of_o by_o which_o in_o all_o these_o language_n signify_v a_o town_n and_o lagh_o or_o laghen_fw-mi which_o signify_v law_n as_o gravius_n nostro_fw-la suecus_n and_o our_o saxon_a author_n testify_v and_o though_o jornandes_n a_o spanish_a goth_n write_v it_o after_o the_o spanish_a corruption_n bellagine●_n yet_o we_o in_o england_n keep_v the_o very_a radix_fw-la and_o word_n itself_o by-law_n even_a unto_o this_o day_n though_o divert_v somewhat_o from_o the_o sense_n that_o caesar_n speak_v of_o for_o we_o call_v they_o town-law_n or_o by-law_n which_o the_o townsman_n make_v among_o themselves_o but_o caesar_n show_v that_o the_o lord_n impose_v they_o herewith_o agree_v that_o of_o tacitus_n or_o some_o other_o ancient_n who_o speak_v of_o the_o german_n say_v agricolis_fw-la suis_fw-la jus_o dicunt_fw-la they_o give_v law_n to_o they_o which_o dwell_v upon_o their_o land_n 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and_o the_o portion_n of_o land_n etc._n etc._n assign_v to_o his_o follower_n for_o their_o stipend_n or_o maintenance_n be_v at_o first_o call_v munera_fw-la after_o beneficia_fw-la and_o last_o feuda_n or_o tenant-land_n which_o be_v of_o two_o sort_n one_o for_o military_a man_n call_v feudum_fw-la militare_fw-la and_o feudum_fw-la nobile_fw-la tenure_n by_o knights-service_n the_o other_o for_o husbandman_n call_v therefore_o feudum_fw-la rusticum_fw-la &_o ignobile_fw-la tenure_n in_o socage_n or_o by_o the_o plough_n thus_o it_o appear_v that_o feud_n and_o tenor_n and_o the_o feudal_n law_n itself_o take_v their_o original_n from_o the_o german_n and_o northern_a nation_n in_o such_o condition_n therefore_o how_o obscure_a soever_o as_o caesar_n and_o tacitus_n leave_v they_o to_o we_o 1._o gerardus_n niger_n the_o consul_n of_o milan_n who_o flourish_v about_o a._n d._n 1176._o and_o first_o compose_v they_o into_o a_o book_n take_v they_o up_o as_o he_o there_o find_v they_o and_o speak_v of_o the_o time_n of_o caesar_n and_o tacitus_n as_o have_v the_o forementioned_a passage_n under_o his_o eye_n say_v antiquissimo_fw-la tempore_fw-la sic_fw-la erat_fw-la in_o dominorum_fw-la potestate_fw-la connexum_fw-la ut_fw-la quando_fw-la vellent_fw-la possent_fw-la auferre_fw-la rem_fw-la in_o feudum_fw-la à_fw-la se_fw-la datam_fw-la and_o this_o agree_v with_o caesar_n by_o who_o it_o seem_v in_o the_o place_n before_o mention_v that_o the_o ambacti_fw-la or_o follower_n of_o the_o german_n have_v in_o those_o time_n either_o no_o land_n at_o all_o or_o no_o estate_n at_o all_o in_o their_o land_n or_o first_o but_o at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o then_o but_o for_o one_o single_a year_n which_o gerardus_n also_o confess_v to_o have_v be_v the_o condition_n of_o the_o elder_a sort_n of_o feudatary_n for_o he_o say_v present_o after_o his_o former_a word_n postea_fw-la vero_fw-la eo_fw-la ventum_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la per_fw-la annum_fw-la tantum_fw-la stabilitatem_fw-la haberent_fw-la res_fw-la in_fw-la feudum_fw-la datae_fw-la thus_o for_o another_o while_n their_o feudal_n vassal_n who_o here_o he_o call_v fideles_fw-la and_o we_o now_o tenant_n by_o knights-service_n enjoy_v their_o feud_n no_o otherwise_o than_o from_o year_n to_o year_n at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o their_o lord_n either_o by_o grant_n or_o sufferance_n 21._o till_o further_a grace_n confirm_v they_o to_o they_o for_o divers_a year_n and_o at_o length_n for_o term_n of_o life_n which_o gerardus_n also_o present_o there_o declare_v say_v deinde_fw-la statutum_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la vitam_fw-la fidelis_fw-la producerentur_fw-la feuda_fw-la in_o this_o manner_n stand_v the_o principal_a feud_n themselves_o even_o those_o of_o earldom_n and_o dukedom_n which_o they_o call_v feuda_fw-la majora_fw-la and_o feuda_fw-la regalia_z in_o the_o latter_a time_n of_o the_o saxon_n till_o the_o come_n of_o the_o conqueror_n but_o as_o touch_v the_o lesser_a feud_n which_o we_o call_v knights-fee_n i_o find_v nothing_o in_o abby-book_n otherwise_o than_o a_o numerous_a multitude_n of_o lease_n and_o grant_n make_v by_o bishop_n and_o abbat_n to_o their_o follower_n for_o term_n of_o life_n without_o mention_n of_o tenure_n or_o feudal_n service_n yet_o i_o must_v confess_v that_o there_o be_v a_o notable_a precedent_n ●6_n leave_v we_o by_o oswald_z bishop_n of_o worcester_z in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edgar_n who_o in_o grant_v out_o the_o land_n of_o his_o bishopric_n unto_o his_o follower_n for_o life_n or_o three_o life_n impose_v upon_o they_o by_o a_o solemn_a instrument_n ratify_v by_o the_o king_n himself_o a_o multitude_n of_o service_n and_o charge_n as_o well_o military_a as_o civil_a which_o after_o you_o shall_v here_o see_v and_o then_o consider_v how_o and_o whither_o they_o conduce_v to_o our_o feud_n or_o not_o li●e_z if_o we_o understand_v they_o to_o be_v feud_n among_o the_o saxon_n or_o of_o that_o nature_n then_o be_v we_o sure_a they_o be_v no_o more_o than_o for_o life_n and_o not_o inheritable_a nor_o stretch_v further_o without_o further_a grace_n obtain_v from_o the_o lord_n

thanes_z we_o must_v consider_v they_o the_o more_o diligent_o first_o in_o the_o quality_n of_o their_o person_n second_o in_o the_o tenure_n of_o their_o land_n what_o a_o thane_n be_v in_o like_a manner_n as_o the_o earl_n not_o proper_o a_o title_n of_o dignity_n but_o of_o service_n so_o call_v in_o the_o saxon_a of_o ●enian_n servire_fw-la and_o in_o latin_a minister_n à_fw-la ministrando_fw-la but_o as_o there_o be_v many_o degree_n of_o service_n some_o of_o great_a estimation_n and_o some_o of_o less_o so_o those_o that_o serve_v the_o king_n in_o place_n of_o eminency_n either_o in_o court_n or_o commonwealth_n be_v call_v thani_fw-la majores_fw-la and_o thani_fw-la regis_fw-la and_o those_o that_o serve_v under_o they_o in_o like_a manner_n as_o under_o duke_n earls_z and_o other_o great_a officer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o also_o under_o bishop_n abbat_n and_o the_o great_a prelate_n of_o the_o church_n be_v call_v thani_fw-la minores_fw-la or_o the_o lesser_a thanes_z and_o as_o the_o title_n of_o honourable_a office_n and_o service_n in_o duke_n earls_z etc._n etc._n become_v at_o length_n to_o be_v make_v hereditary_a so_o this_o of_o thanes_z like_o our_o title_n of_o nobleman_n and_o gentleman_n descend_v at_o last_o with_o their_o father_n land_n upon_o their_o child_n and_o posterity_n and_o continue_v thus_o till_o after_o the_o conquest_n as_o appear_v by_o some_o writ_n and_o charter_n of_o the_o conqueror_n thanes_z buchanan_n 6._o describe_v the_o quality_n of_o their_o person_n call_v they_o praefectos_fw-la regionum_fw-la sive_fw-la nomarchas_n &_o quaestores_fw-la rerum_fw-la capitalium_fw-la governor_n of_o place_n principal_a minister_n of_o justice_n chequer_n man_n sheriff_n etc._n etc._n but_o we_o will_v take_v they_o as_o the_o saxon_n themselves_o describe_v they_o in_o the_o place_n before_o mention_v where_o it_o thus_o follow_v give_v ceorl_n geðeah_a ꝧ_n he_o hefde_v fullice_v fif_fw-mi hyda_fw-mi agenes_n land_n etc._n etc._n if_o a_o churl_n or_o husbandman_n thrive_v so_o that_o he_o have_v full_o five_o hide_n of_o his_o own_o land_n a_o church_n and_o a_o kitchen_n a_o bellhouse_n and_o a_o gatehouse_n a_o seat_n and_o a_o several_a office_n in_o the_o king_n hall_n then_o he_o be_v from_o thenceforth_o worthy_a of_o the_o right_n of_o a_o thane_n mean_v as_o i_o understand_v it_o he_o be_v then_o one_o of_o the_o great_a thanes_z or_o king_n thanes_z for_o the_o lesser_a thane_n be_v by_o and_o by_o describe_v also_o in_o that_o which_o follow_v viz._n and_o give_v ðegen_o geðeah_a etc._n etc._n and_o if_o a_o thane_n himself_o so_o prosper_v that_o he_o serve_v the_o king_n and_o ride_v upon_o his_o message_n as_o other_o of_o his_o court_n and_o then_o have_v a_o thane_n i._n e._n a_o under_o or_o lesser_a thane_n that_o follow_v he_o which_o have_v five_o hide_n or_o ploughland_n chargeable_a to_o the_o king_n expedition_n and_o serve_v his_o lord_n in_o the_o king_n court_n and_o have_v go_v thrice_o upon_o his_o errand_n to_o the_o king_n he_o this_o under-thane_n may_v take_v a_o oath_n instead_o of_o his_o lord_n and_o at_o any_o great_a need_n supply_v the_o place_n of_o his_o lord_n and_o if_o a_o thane_n do_v so_o thrive_v as_o he_o become_v a_o earl_n he_o have_v the_o right_n of_o a_o earl_n and_o a_o merchant_n may_v become_v a_o thane_n etc._n etc._n mr._n lambard_n 502._o conceive_v this_o place_n to_o discover_v but_o three_o degree_n among_o the_o saxon_n viz._n earl_n thanes_z and_o ceorl_n not_o admit_v the_o under-thane_n to_o be_v a_o several_a degree_n the_o word_n seem_v otherwise_o and_o the_o saxon_a division_n before_o recite_v make_v four_a degree_n earl_n ceorl_n thegn_n and_o theoden_n or_o under_o thane_n some_o therefore_o distinguish_v thanes_z into_o majores_fw-la and_o minores_fw-la some_o into_o majores_fw-la minores_fw-la otherwise_o call_v mediocres_fw-la and_o minimi_fw-la who_o canutus_n in_o his_o forest-law_n call_v minuti_fw-la and_o tinemen_n i_o dare_v not_o venture_v to_o define_v they_o particular_o but_o will_v rest_v upon_o the_o saxon_a division_n first_o mention_v which_o i_o find_v to_o be_v pursue_v by_o norman_a term_n in_o the_o law_n of_o edw._n confess_v and_o william_n conq._n deliver_v by_o ingulfus_n viz._n count_n baron_n valvasor_n and_o villain_n where_o he_o place_v count_n instead_o of_o earl_n baron_n instead_o of_o kings-thane_n valvasor_n instead_o of_o theoden_a or_o lesser_a thane_n and_o last_o villain_n instead_o of_o churl_n as_o though_o the_o division_n both_o of_o the_o saxon_a and_o norman_a time_n do_v hold_v analogy_n one_o with_o the_o other_o and_o both_o of_o they_o with_o we_o at_o this_o day_n viz._n of_o earl_n and_o baron_n of_o the_o kingdom_n include_v the_o great_a nobility_n baron_n of_o town_n and_o manor_n include_v the_o lesser_a nobility_n or_o gentry_n and_o that_o of_o our_o yeoman_n include_v the_o husbandman_n to_o return_v to_o the_o thanes_z this_o saxon_a passage_n have_v per_fw-la transennam_fw-la show_v unto_o we_o not_o only_o the_o quality_n of_o their_o person_n but_o the_o nature_n of_o their_o land_n whereupon_o all_o our_o question_n do_v depend_v and_o true_a it_o be_v it_o show_v that_o both_o they_o and_o it_o be_v subject_a to_o military_a service_n call_v in_o latin_a expeditio_fw-la in_o saxon_a utfare_n and_o ferdgung_a and_o in_o foreign_a nation_n heribannum_n that_o be_v the_o call_n forth_o of_o a_o army_n and_o it_o appear_v by_o a_o ancient_a ms._n of_o saxon_a law_n in_o the_o king_n library_n that_o the_o thanes_z be_v not_o only_o tie_v to_o this_o but_o to_o many_o other_o service_n to_o be_v do_v unto_o the_o king_n and_o that_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o land_n which_o notwithstanding_o breed_v no_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o by_o knights-service_n the_o word_n be_v these_o 163._o tbani_n lex_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la sit_fw-la dignus_fw-la rectitudine_fw-la testamenti_fw-la svi_fw-la &_o ut_fw-la tria_fw-la faciat_fw-la pro_fw-la terra_fw-la sua_fw-la expeditionem_fw-la burghbotam_fw-la &_o brugbotam_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr multis_fw-la terris_fw-la majus_fw-la landirectum_fw-la exurgit_fw-la ad_fw-la bannum_fw-la regis_fw-la sicut_fw-la est_fw-la deorhege_n ad_fw-la mansionem_fw-la regiam_fw-la &_o sceorpum_n in_o hosticum_fw-la &_o custodiam_fw-la maris_fw-la &_o capitis_fw-la &_o pacis_fw-la &_o elmesfeoh_n &_o ciricsetum_n i._n e._n pecunia_fw-la eleemosynae_fw-la &_o ciricsceatum_n &_o aliae_fw-la res_fw-la thus_o in_o english_a the_o law_n touch_v a_o thane_n be_v that_o he_o have_v power_n to_o make_v a_o will_n and_o that_o in_o respect_n of_o his_o land_n he_o shall_v do_v three_o thing_n viz._n military_a expedition_n repair_v of_o castle_n and_o mend_v of_o bridge_n and_o for_o more_o land_n to_o do_v more_o land-duty_n to_o go_v forth_o upon_o the_o king_n summons_n to_o the_o enclose_v of_o his_o park_n and_o mansion-house_n and_o to_o somn._fw-la ....._o into_o the_o enemy_n land_n and_o to_o defend_v the_o sea_n his_o own_o head_n and_o the_o peace_n to_o pay_v alms-mony_n church-seed_n church-shot_n and_o other_o thing_n what_o be_v there_o in_o all_o this_o to_o show_v either_o a_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o by_o knight-service_n it_o will_v be_v say_v that_o the_o military_a expediton_n and_o ward_n of_o the_o sea_n against_o enemy_n imply_v a_o tenure_n by_o knight-service_n and_o that_o those_o and_o the_o other_o service_n be_v to_o be_v perform_v to_o the_o king_n and_o upon_o the_o king_n summons_n show_v a_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o no_o doubt_n so_o will_v it_o be_v for_o land_n give_v in_o this_o manner_n by_o the_o king_n since_o the_o conquest_n but_o i_o conceive_v that_o none_o of_o all_o this_o rise_v out_o of_o any_o tenure_n or_o feodal_n reservation_n make_v by_o the_o saxon_a king_n in_o grant_v these_o land_n or_o by_o any_o particular_a contract_n agree_v of_o by_o the_o thane_n or_o subject_n in_o accept_v they_o but_o out_o of_o a_o fundamental_a law_n or_o custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o ancient_a as_o the_o kingdom_n itself_o whereby_o all_o the_o land_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v oblige_v to_o this_o trinodae_n necessitati_fw-la of_o military_a land_n expedition_n and_o building_n or_o repair_v of_o castle_n and_o bridge_n so_o that_o if_o this_o make_v a_o tenure_n by_o knight-service_n in_o capite_fw-la in_o the_o thane_n land_n then_o must_v it_o follow_v also_o that_o all_o the_o land_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v likewise_o hold_v by_o knights-service_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o it_o be_v whole_o tie_v to_o those_o three_o service_n as_o appear_v in_o the_o council_n of_o eanham_n cap._n 22._o 23_o 520._o where_o they_o be_v command_v to_o be_v yearly_o do_v and_o by_o the_o law_n of_o canutus_n cap._n 10._o 62._o where_o they_o be_v appoint_v to_o be_v do_v as_o necessity_n require_v and_o also_o by_o the_o law_n of_o king_n ethelred_n who_o about_o the_o thirty_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n ordain_v that_o

that_o succeed_v and_o out_o of_o his_o purse_n the_o heriot_n whether_o the_o son_n or_o heir_n enjoy_v the_o land_n or_o not_o the_o relief_n by_o none_o but_o he_o only_o that_o obtain_v the_o land_n in_o succession_n the_o heriot_n whether_o the_o land_n be_v fall_v into_o the_o lord_n hand_n or_o not_o the_o relief_n in_o old_a time_n not_o unless_o it_o be_v fall_v and_o lie_v destitute_a of_o a_o tenant_n who_o take_v of_o it_o up_o out_o of_o the_o lord_n hand_n be_v in_o that_o sense_n call_v relevium_fw-la or_o relevatio_fw-la a_o take_v up_o of_o that_o be_v fall_v according_a to_o the_o french_a word_n relief_n 1._o bracton_n well_o observe_v the_o difference_n say_v fit_a quaedam_fw-la praestatio_fw-la quae_fw-la non_fw-la dicitur_fw-la relevium_fw-la sed_fw-la quasi_fw-la sicut_fw-la heriotum_fw-la quasi_fw-la loco_fw-la relevii_fw-la &_o quod_fw-la dari_fw-la debet_fw-la aliquando_fw-la ante_fw-la sacramentum_fw-la fidelitatis_fw-la aliquando_fw-la post_fw-la hotoman_n feudal_n say_v relevium_fw-la dicitur_fw-la honorarium_fw-la munus_fw-la quod_fw-la novus_fw-la vassallus_fw-la patrono_fw-la introitus_fw-la causa_fw-la largitur_fw-la quasi_fw-la morte_fw-la alterius_fw-la vassalli_n vel_fw-la alio_fw-la quo_fw-la casu_fw-la feudum_fw-la ceciderit_fw-la quod_fw-la jam_fw-la à_fw-la novo_fw-la sublevetur_fw-la nou._n leo._n 13._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d nominat_fw-la i_o stand_v the_o long_o herein_o for_o that_o not_o only_o the_o report_n but_o even_a doomsday_n itself_o and_o general_o all_o the_o ancient_a monkish_a writer_n have_v confound_v heriot_n and_o releif_n yet_o may_v i_o have_v save_v all_o this_o labour_n for_o nothing_o can_v make_v the_o difference_n more_o manifest_a than_o that_o we_o often_o see_v both_o of_o they_o be_v together_o issue_v out_o of_o the_o same_o land_n but_o when_o all_o be_v do_v neither_o be_v heriot_n nor_o releif_n any_o badge_n of_o land_n hold_v by_o knight's-service_n or_o in_o capite_fw-la for_o both_o of_o they_o be_v find_v in_o land_n of_o ordinary_a socage_n yet_o i_o confess_v that_o bracton_n say_v 8._o de_fw-fr soccagio_fw-it non_fw-it datur_fw-la relevium_fw-la and_o a_o little_a before_o de_fw-fr soccagio_fw-it non_fw-it competit_fw-la domino_fw-la capitali_fw-la custodia_fw-la nec_fw-la homagium_fw-la &_o ubi_fw-la nulla_fw-la custodia_fw-la nullum_fw-la relevium_fw-la sed_fw-la è_fw-la contra_fw-la but_o this_o serve_v my_o turn_n very_o well_o for_o that_o they_o in_o the_o report_n have_v fail_v to_o prove_v that_o releif_n be_v in_o use_n in_o the_o saxon_n time_n whereof_o they_o affirm_v they_o have_v full_a testimony_n it_o now_o infer_v on_o my_o behalf_n that_o if_o releif_n and_o wardship_n be_v not_o in_o use_n among_o the_o saxon_n that_o then_o also_o tenure_n by_o knight-service_n be_v not_o with_o they_o beside_o all_o this_o the_o heriot_n be_v a_o certain_a duty_n and_o settle_v by_o law_n the_o relief_n so_o various_a and_o uncertain_a as_o the_o lord_n exact_v what_o they_o list_v for_o it_o when_o it_o fall_v into_o their_o hand_n constrain_a the_o heir_n of_o the_o tenant_n as_o it_o be_v to_o make_v a_o new_a purchase_n of_o their_o feud_n whereupon_o the_o feudist_n call_v this_o relief_n not_o only_a renovatio_n and_o restauratio_fw-la feudi_fw-la in_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d turn_v or_o bring_v back_o of_o the_o feud_n to_o the_o former_a condition_n or_o proper_a nature_n of_o it_o but_o also_o redemptio_fw-la a_o ransome_v of_o it_o out_o of_o the_o lord_n hand_n that_o it_o thus_o stand_v with_o we_o in_o england_n by_o and_o by_o after_o the_o conquest_n appear_v by_o that_o we_o have_v show_v before_o out_o of_o the_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la of_o henry_n 1_n chap._n xix_o no_o fine_n for_o licence_n of_o alienation_n alienation_n touch_v fine_n for_o licence_n of_o alienation_n it_o be_v not_o say_v what_o kind_n of_o tenant_n among_o the_o saxon_n do_v pay_v they_o nor_o for_o what_o kind_n of_o land_n they_o be_v pay_v the_o thaneland_n hereditary_a be_v apparent_o discharge_v thereof_o by_o the_o ordinary_a word_n of_o their_o charter_n before_o mention_v where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o owner_n of_o land_n may_v give_v and_o bequeath_v they_o cuicunque_fw-la voluerint_fw-la and_o that_o free_o ab_fw-la omni_fw-la munduali_fw-la obstaculo_fw-la doomsday_n also_o as_o we_o here_o show_v do_v testify_v as_o much_o and_o so_o do_v the_o very_a word_n alodium_n which_o the_o ancient_a author_n attribute_n to_o these_o land_n so_o that_o the_o thaneland_n doubtless_o be_v free_a both_o from_o the_o fine_a and_o licence_n folcland_n but_o as_o touch_v folcland_n and_o land_n hold_v at_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n though_o continue_v in_o ancient_a time_n to_o their_o child_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o copy-holds_a it_o be_v no_o question_n but_o that_o they_o may_v both_o have_v licence_n for_o alien_v such_o land_n and_o also_o pay_v consideration_n for_o it_o as_o our_o copy-holders_n do_v at_o this_o day_n i_o find_v m●pham_n that_o one_o brictrick_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n etheldred_n about_o the_o year_n 984._o bequeath_v legacy_n of_o good_a value_n unto_o his_o lord_n wife_n to_o entreat_v her_o husband_n that_o this_o brictrick_n will_n whereby_o he_o have_v devise_v many_o land_n and_o good_n to_o monastery_n and_o divers_a man_n may_v stand_v and_o that_o thola_n the_o widow_n of_o irk_v a_o thane_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n obtain_v licence_n from_o the_o same_o king_n edward_n that_o she_o may_v devise_v both_o her_o land_n and_o good_n to_o the_o monastery_n of_o abbotsbury_n but_o of_o what_o nature_n these_o licence_n be_v whether_o to_o alienate_v the_o land_n or_o to_o make_v a_o will_n or_o to_o give_v the_o land_n to_o monastery_n as_o in_o mortmain_n i_o can_v determine_v if_o they_o only_o intend_v alienation_n than_o i_o understand_v they_o only_o of_o land_n hold_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o time_n at_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n or_o folcland_n yet_o in_o that_o thola_n licence_n be_v as_o well_o to_o bequeath_v her_o good_n express_o as_o her_o land_n the_o licence_n seem_v to_o be_v give_v therefore_o to_o make_v a_o will_n which_o no_o man_n then_o can_v do_v if_o not_o a_o thane_n quaere_fw-la but_o howsoever_o it_o be_v expound_v it_o must_v not_o be_v extend_v to_o the_o thaneland_n or_o land_n hereditary_a for_o the_o reason_n before_o allege_a and_o as_o touch_v fine_n for_o licence_n of_o alienation_n after_o our_o manner_n which_o the_o report_n suggest_v they_o can_v not_o doubtless_o be_v in_o use_n among_o the_o saxon_n for_o there_o be_v not_o find_v as_o i_o suppose_v here_o among_o we_o before_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n i._o and_o not_o establish_v afterward_o till_o 1._o edw._n iii_o where_o the_o king_n grant_v that_o from_o thenceforth_o land_n hold_v in_o chief_a shall_v not_o be_v seize_v as_o forfeit_v which_o former_o they_o be_v for_o alienation_n without_o licence_n but_o that_o a_o reasonable_a fine_n shall_v be_v take_v for_o the_o same_o see_v the_o statute_n chap._n xx._n no_o feodal_n homage_n among_o the_o saxon_n homage_n our_o word_n man_n and_o homo_fw-la in_o latin_a have_v for_o many_o age_n in_o old_a time_n be_v use_v by_o the_o german_a and_o western_a nation_n for_o a_o servant_n or_o vassal_n and_o from_o thence_o hominium_fw-la and_o vassaticum_fw-la afterward_o homagium_fw-la be_v likewise_o use_v for_o hominem_fw-la agere_fw-la to_o do_v the_o office_n or_o duty_n of_o a_o servant_n not_o to_o signify_v manhood_n as_o some_o ●_o expound_v it_o and_o so_o also_o vassalagium_fw-la but_o by_o little_a and_o little_a all_o these_o latter_a word_n have_v be_v restrain_v to_o note_v no_o more_o than_o our_o ceremonial_a homage_n belong_v proper_o unto_o tenor_n which_o i_o meet_v not_o with_o among_o our_o saxon_n nor_o any_o show_n thereof_o in_o former_a age_n unless_o we_o shall_v fancy_v that_o the_o devil_n have_v it_o in_o his_o eye_n when_o he_o offer_v to_o give_v unto_o our_o saviour_n all_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o world_n if_o he_o will_v fall_v down_o and_o worship_v he_o for_o here_o he_o make_v himself_o as_o capital_a lord_n our_o saviour_n as_o the_o feodal_n tenant_n the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o world_n to_o be_v the_o feud_n the_o fall_v or_o kneeling_z down_o to_o be_v the_o homage_n and_o the_o worship_v of_o he_o consist_v as_o the_o feodists_n expound_v it_o in_o six_o rule_n of_o service_n to_o be_v the_o fealty_n pardon_v i_o this_o idleness_n but_o from_o such_o missemblance_n rise_v many_o error_n twofold_n homage_n as_o we_o understand_v it_o in_o our_o law_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n one_o more_o ancient_a than_o the_o other_o call_v homagium_fw-la ligeum_fw-la as_o due_a unto_o the_o king_n in_o respect_n of_o sovereignty_n and_o so_o do_v more_o francico_fw-la to_o king_n pipin_n by_o tassilo_n duke_n of_o bavaria_n about_o the_o year_n 756._o the_o other_o homagium_fw-la feodale_n or_o praediale_a belong_v to_o

every_o feodal_a lord_n and_o not_o begin_v in_o france_n till_o feud_n be_v there_o make_v hereditary_a by_o hugh_n capet_n nor_o in_o england_n till_o william_n the_o conqueror_n do_v the_o like_a as_o before_o appear_v the_o reason_n of_o it_o be_v to_o preserve_v the_o memory_n of_o the_o tenure_n and_o of_o the_o duty_n of_o the_o tenant_n by_o make_v every_o new_a tenant_n at_o his_o entry_n to_o recognize_v the_o interest_n of_o his_o lord_n lest_o that_o the_o feud_n be_v now_o hereditary_a and_o new_a heir_n continual_o succeed_v into_o it_o they_o may_v by_o little_a and_o little_o forget_v their_o duty_n and_o substract_v the_o service_n deny_v at_o last_o the_o tenure_n itself_o we_o see_v at_o this_o day_n frequent_a example_n of_o it_o for_o by_o neglect_v of_o do_v homage_n and_o those_o service_n tenor_n usual_o be_v forget_v and_o so_o revolve_v to_o the_o king_n by_o ignoramus_n to_o the_o great_a evil_n of_o their_o posterity_n that_o neglect_v it_o homage_n but_o the_o saxon_n have_v only_o two_o kind_n of_o land_n bocland_n and_o folcland_n neither_o of_o they_o can_v be_v subject_a unto_o homage_n for_o the_o bocland_n which_o belong_v proper_o to_o their_o great_a thanes_z though_o it_o be_v hereditary_a yet_o be_v it_o alodium_fw-la and_o libera_fw-la ab_fw-la omni_fw-la seculari_fw-la gravedine_fw-la as_o before_o be_v show_v and_o thereby_o free_a from_o homage_n and_o the_o folcland_n be_v not_o otherwise_o grant_v by_o the_o king_n or_o his_o thanes_z than_o at_o will_n or_o for_o year_n or_o for_o life_n the_o tenant_n of_o it_o be_v not_o to_o do_v any_o homage_n for_o it_o for_o justice_n littleton_n 90._o bid_v we_o note_n that_o none_o shall_v do_v homage_n but_o such_o as_o have_v a_o estate_n in_o fee_n simple_a or_o fee_n tail_n etc._n etc._n for_o say_v he_o it_o be_v a_o maxim_n in_o law_n that_o he_o which_o have_v a_o estate_n but_o for_o term_n of_o life_n shall_v neither_o do_v homage_n nor_o take_v homage_n but_o admit_v the_o saxon_n have_v the_o ceremony_n of_o do_v homage_n among_o they_o yet_o be_v it_o not_o a_o certain_a mark_n of_o knights-service_n for_o it_o be_v usual_a also_o in_o socage-tenure_n and_o in_o elder_a age_n as_o well_o a_o personal_a duty_n as_o a_o praedial_a that_o be_v do_v to_o prince_n and_o great_a man_n either_o by_o compulsion_n for_o subjection_n or_o voluntary_a for_o their_o protection_n without_o receive_v any_o feud_n or_o other_o grant_n of_o land_n or_o benefit_n from_o they_o and_o he_o or_o they_o which_o in_o this_o manner_n put_v themselves_o into_o the_o homage_n of_o another_o for_o protection_n sake_n be_v then_o call_v homines_fw-la svi_fw-la and_o say_v commendare_fw-la se_fw-la in_o manus_fw-la ejus_fw-la or_o commendare_fw-la se_fw-la illi_fw-la and_o be_v thereupon_o sometime_o call_v homines_fw-la ejus_fw-la commendati_fw-la and_o sometime_o commendati_fw-la without_o homines_fw-la as_o in_o doomsday_n often_o spirawi●_n though_o we_o have_v lose_v the_o meaning_n of_o the_o phrase_n yet_o we_o use_v it_o even_o to_o this_o day_n commend_v i_o unto_o such_o a_o man_n which_o import_v as_o much_o as_o our_o new_a compliment_n take_v up_o from_o beyond_o the_o sea_n let_v he_o know_v that_o i_o be_o his_o servant_n see_v the_o quotation_n here_o annex_v and_o note_n that_o though_o the_o saxon_n do_v as_o we_o at_o this_o day_n call_v their_o servant_n and_o follower_n homines_fw-la suos_fw-la their_o man_n yet_o we_o no_o where_o find_v the_o word_n tenure_n or_o the_o ceremony_n of_o homage_n among_o they_o nor_o any_o speech_n of_o do_v or_o of_o respiting_a homage_n chap._n xxi_o what_o manner_n of_o fealty_n among_o the_o saxon_n fealty_n so_o for_o fealty_n if_o we_o shall_v apply_v every_o oath_n swear_v by_o servant_n and_o vassal_n for_o fidelity_n to_o their_o lord_n to_o belong_v unto_o fealty_n we_o may_v bring_v it_o from_o that_o which_o abraham_n impose_v upon_o his_o servant_n put_v thy_o hand_n under_o my_o thigh_n and_o swear_v etc._n etc._n for_o the_o saxon_n abound_v with_o oath_n in_o this_o kind_n follow_v therein_o their_o ancestor_n the_o german_n who_o as_o tacitus_n 46._o say_v take_v praecipuum_fw-la sacramentum_fw-la a_o principal_a oath_n to_o defend_v the_o lord_n of_o the_o territory_n under_o who_o they_o live_v and_o to_o ascribe_v their_o own_o valour_n to_o his_o glory_n so_o likewise_o the_o homines_fw-la commendati_fw-la before_o mention_v yea_o the_o famuli_fw-la ministeriale_n and_o household_n servant_n of_o noble_a person_n be_v in_o ancient_a time_n and_o within_o the_o memory_n of_o our_o father_n swear_v to_o be_v faithful_a to_o their_o lord_n fee_n these_o and_o such_o other_o be_v ancient_o the_o oath_n of_o fealty_n but_o illud_fw-la postremo_fw-la observandum_fw-la say_v bignonius_n a_o learned_a frenchman_n of_o the_o king_n be_v great_a council_n fidelitatem_fw-la hodie_fw-la quidem_fw-la feudi_fw-la causa_fw-la tantum_fw-la praestari_fw-la show_v far_o that_o fealty_n be_v first_o make_v to_o prince_n by_o the_o commendati_fw-la and_o fideles_fw-la without_o any_o feud_n give_v unto_o they_o and_o that_o the_o prince_n afterward_o do_v many_o time_n grant_v unto_o they_o feuda_fw-la vacantia_fw-la as_o to_o their_o servant_n but_o whether_o the_o oath_n of_o fealty_n be_v so_o bring_v in_o upon_o feodal_a tenant_n or_o be_v in_o use_n before_o he_o do_v not_o determine_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n it_o hereby_o appear_v that_o fealty_n in_o those_o day_n be_v personal_a as_o well_o as_o feodal_n or_o praedial_a which_o impose_v a_o necessity_n upon_o they_o of_o the_o contrary_a part_n in_o the_o report_n that_o if_o they_o meet_v with_o fealty_n among_o the_o saxon_n they_o must_v show_v it_o to_o be_v feodal_n and_o not_o personal_a for_o otherwise_o it_o maintain_v not_o their_o assertion_n i_o will_v help_v they_o with_o a_o pattern_n of_o fealty_n in_o those_o time_n where_o oswald_n bishop_n of_o worcester_n grant_v the_o land_n of_o his_o bishopric_n to_o many_o and_o sundry_a person_n for_o three_o life_n reserve_v a_o multitude_n of_o service_n to_o be_v do_v by_o they_o and_o bind_v they_o to_o swear_v that_o as_o long_o as_o they_o hold_v those_o land_n they_o shall_v continue_v in_o the_o commandment_n of_o the_o bishop_n with_o all_o subjection_n i_o take_v this_o to_o be_v a_o oath_n of_o fealty_n but_o we_o must_v consider_v whether_o it_o be_v personal_a or_o praedial_a if_o personal_a it_o nothing_o then_o concern_v tenor_n and_o consequent_o not_o our_o question_n if_o praedial_a then_o must_v it_o be_v inherent_a to_o the_o land_n which_o here_o it_o seem_v not_o to_o be_v but_o to_o arise_v by_o way_n of_o contract_n and_o be_v praedial_a must_v either_o be_v feodal_n as_o for_o land_n hold_v by_o knight-service_n or_o colonical_a as_o for_o land_n in_o socage_n if_o we_o say_v it_o be_v feodal_n then_o must_v there_o be_v homage_n also_o as_o well_o as_o fealty_n for_o homage_n be_v inseparable_a from_o a_o feud_n by_o knight-service_n but_o the_o estate_n here_o grant_v by_o oswald_n be_v no_o great_a than_o for_o life_n the_o grantee_n must_v not_o as_o we_o have_v show_v either_o make_v or_o take_v homage_n and_o be_v last_o but_o colonical_a or_o in_o socage_n it_o be_v no_o fruit_n of_o a_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o knight-service_n nor_o belong_v therefore_o to_o our_o question_n so_o that_o if_o fealty_n be_v find_v among_o the_o saxon_n yet_o can_v it_o not_o be_v find_v to_o be_v a_o fruit_n of_o knight-service_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o the_o report_n pretend_v it_o see_v fidelitas_fw-la in_o my_o glossary_n chap._n xxii_o no_o escuage_z among_o the_o saxon_n what_o in_o the_o empire_n 〈…〉_z the_o word_n scutagium_fw-la and_o that_o of_o escuage_z be_v of_o such_o novelty_n beyond_o the_o sea_n as_o i_o find_v it_o not_o among_o the_o feudist_n no_o not_o among_o the_o french_a or_o norman_n themselves_o much_o less_o among_o the_o saxon_n yet_o i_o meet_v with_o a_o ancient_a law_n in_o the_o novella_n of_o constantine_n porphyrogenita_n emperor_n of_o greece_n in_o the_o year_n 780._o that_o give_v a_o specimen_fw-la of_o it_o though_o not_o the_o name_n 7._o quaedam_fw-la esse_fw-la praedia_fw-la militaria_fw-la quibus_fw-la cohaereat_fw-la onus_fw-la militiae_fw-la ita_fw-la ut_fw-la possessorem_fw-la necesse_fw-la sit_fw-la se_fw-la ad_fw-la militiam_fw-la comparare_fw-la domino_fw-la indicante_fw-la delectum_fw-la vel_fw-la si_fw-la nolit_fw-la aut_fw-la non_fw-la possit_fw-la se_fw-la ad_fw-la delectum_fw-la exhibere_fw-la certam_fw-la eo_fw-la nomine_fw-la pecuniam_fw-la fisco_fw-la dependere_fw-la quae_fw-la feudorum_fw-la omnium_fw-la lex_fw-la est_fw-la etc._n etc._n this_o tell_v we_o that_o there_o be_v certain_a land_n to_o which_o the_o burden_n of_o warfare_n be_v so_o adherent_a that_o every_o owner_n of_o they_o be_v tie_v upon_o summons_n make_v by_o his_o lord_n to_o make_v his_o appearance_n therein_o or_o else_o to_o pay_v certain_a money_n by_o way_n

very_a charter_n of_o the_o saxon_a king_n themselves_o shall_v stand_v together_o viz._n that_o their_o thanelands_n shall_v be_v liberae_fw-la ab_fw-la omni_fw-la seculari_fw-la gravedine_fw-la and_o yet_o be_v subject_a to_o that_o which_o of_o all_o other_o be_v most_o grievous_a viz._n our_o knights-service_n in_o capite_fw-la it_o may_v be_v answer_v as_o the_o report_n 2._o in_o another_o place_n deliver_v positive_o that_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la can_v be_v transfer_v or_o extinct_a by_o release_n or_o grant_v for_o it_o be_v a_o incident_a inseparable_o annex_v to_o the_o crown_n the_o answer_n be_v good_a if_o once_o they_o have_v make_v it_o appear_v that_o both_o this_o tenure_n and_o this_o law_n be_v in_o force_n in_o the_o saxon_n time_n there_o be_v nothing_o show_v to_o prove_v that_o suggestion_n and_o be_v it_o true_a i_o shall_v desire_v no_o better_a argument_n on_o my_o behalf_n than_o what_o the_o place_n itself_o bring_v with_o it_o for_o if_o thaneland_n be_v convert_v into_o reveland_n and_o that_o reveland_n signify_v socage-land_n than_o it_o be_v as_o manifest_a as_o the_o sun_n that_o tainland_n do_v not_o signify_v land_n hold_v by_o knights-service_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o if_o it_o do_v then_o can_v it_o not_o decline_v into_o socage-tenure_n as_o their_o own_o maxim_n do_v demonstrate_v false_a if_o there_o be_v a_o cloud_n before_o this_o sun_n i_o shall_v remove_v it_o also_o my_o lord_n coke_n cite_v this_o place_n out_o of_o doomsday_n note_v in_o the_o margin_n herefords●_n but_o deliver_v both_o the_o title_n and_o the_o text_n by_o half_n the_o title_n be_v hereford_n rex_fw-la the_o text_n thus_o haec_fw-la terra_fw-la fuit_fw-la tempore_fw-la edwardi_fw-la regis_fw-la tainland_n sed_fw-la postea_fw-la conversa_fw-la est_fw-la in_o reveland_n et_fw-la idem_fw-la dicunt_fw-la legati_fw-la regis_fw-la quod_fw-la ipsa_fw-la terra_fw-la &_o census_fw-la qui_fw-la inde_fw-la exit_fw-la furtim_fw-la aufertur_fw-la regi_fw-la the_o very_a title_n discover_v the_o tenure_n for_o if_o it_o be_v terra_fw-la regis_fw-la as_o the_o word_n rex_n declare_v it_o than_o it_o be_v plain_o ancient_a demesne_n and_o every_o lawyer_n will_v tell_v we_o that_o in_o ancient_a demesne_n there_o be_v no_o tenure_n by_o knights-service_n but_o whole_o in_o socage_n so_o that_o this_o cloud_n now_o vanish_v into_o the_o air_n and_o our_o tainland_n be_v clear_o discover_v to_o be_v but_o socage_n i_o shall_v speak_v more_o of_o it_o afterward_o doomsday_n but_o what_o construction_n shall_v we_o now_o find_v for_o the_o word_n in_o doomsday_n tainland_n conversa_fw-la est_fw-la in_o reveland_n hoc_fw-la opus_fw-la hic_fw-la labour_n est_fw-la it_o be_v sufficient_a for_o i_o to_o have_v quit_v myself_o of_o the_o objection_n they_o must_v seek_v some_o new_a interpretation_n yet_o will_v i_o help_v they_o what_o i_o can_v in_o that_o also_o i_o suppose_v that_o the_o land_n which_o be_v here_o say_v to_o have_v be_v thaneland_n t._n e._n r._n and_o after_o convert_v into_o regis_fw-la reveland_n be_v such_o land_n as_o be_v revert_v to_o the_o king_n after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o thane_n who_o have_v it_o for_o life_n be_v not_o since_o grant_v out_o to_o any_o by_o the_o king_n but_o rest_v in_o charge_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o reve_n or_o bailiff_n of_o the_o manor_n who_o as_o it_o seem_v be_v in_o this_o lordship_n of_o hereford_n like_o the_o reve_n in_o chaucer_n a_o false_a brother_n conceal_v the_o land_n from_o the_o auditor_n and_o keep_v the_o profit_n of_o it_o to_o himself_o till_o the_o surveior_n who_o be_v here_o call_v legati_fw-la regis_fw-la discover_v this_o falsehood_n and_o present_v to_o the_o king_n that_o furtim_fw-la aufertur_fw-la regi_fw-la as_o by_o the_o word_n in_o the_o latter_a part_n of_o the_o paragraph_n which_o my_o lord_n coke_n recite_v appear_v beside_o all_o this_o why_o shall_v the_o come_n of_o these_o land_n into_o the_o reve_n account_n alter_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o tenure_n see_v all_o man_n know_v that_o the_o reves_n and_o bailiff_n of_o manor_n govern_v and_o dispose_v the_o land_n thereof_o as_o well_o which_o be_v hold_v by_o knights-service_n as_o those_o in_o socage_n custumary_n as_o for_o the_o old_a french_a ms._n custumary_n which_o they_o affirm_v do_v mention_v tenor_n by_o knights-service_n long_o before_o the_o saxon_n even_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o britain_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o there_o may_v be_v such_o a_o passage_n in_o it_o for_o the_o law_n which_o they_o ascribe_v to_o edward_n the_o confessor_n for_o prove_v feud_n to_o be_v in_o use_n in_o his_o time_n affirm_v also_o that_o the_o law_n dignity_n liberty_n etc._n etc._n of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n be_v at_o that_o day_n the_o same_o which_o be_v in_o old_a great_a troy_n but_o as_o they_o in_o the_o report_n wave_v the_o one_o so_o i_o take_v they_o both_o for_o romance_n and_o pass_v they_o over_o as_o not_o worth_a a_o answer_n have_v thus_o particular_o answer_v every_o argument_n inference_n and_o objection_n produce_v in_o the_o report_n to_o prove_v our_o feud_n and_o form_n of_o tenor_n to_o have_v be_v in_o use_n among_o our_o saxon_n i_o shall_v now_o conclude_v that_o it_o neither_o be_v nor_o can_v be_v so_o unless_o we_o shall_v assume_v that_o our_o poor_a illiterate_a saxon_n in_o a_o corner_n of_o the_o world_n be_v the_o author_n of_o the_o feodal_n law_n and_o give_v the_o precedent_n thereof_o to_o the_o german_n longobard_n french_a italian_n and_o the_o empire_n for_o in_o none_o of_o these_o be_v it_o otherwise_o extant_a till_o about_o the_o end_n of_o our_o saxon_a monarchy_n then_o by_o such_o bud_v and_o branch_n as_o we_o former_o have_v express_v out_o of_o caesar_n tacitus_n and_o some_o other_o chap._n xxv_o how_o the_o saxon_n hold_v their_o land_n and_o what_o oblige_v they_o to_o so_o many_o kind_n of_o service_n it_o come_v now_o in_o question_n how_o the_o saxon_n hold_v their_o land_n and_o what_o oblige_v they_o to_o that_o multitude_n of_o service_n which_o lay_v upon_o they_o both_o in_o war_n and_o peace_n 〈…〉_z as_o for_o tenor_n i_o still_o say_v that_o they_o have_v not_o the_o name_n in_o use_n among_o they_o yet_o like_o the_o jew_n the_o greek_n the_o roman_n and_o other_o ancient_a nation_n a_o multitude_n of_o service_n whereof_o some_o be_v personal_a and_o some_o praedial_n 〈◊〉_d personal_a service_n be_v those_o which_o a_o man_n do_v for_o his_o person_n or_o personal_a estate_n either_o general_o to_o the_o king_n and_o commonwealth_n in_o public_a occasion_n as_o in_o the_o trinodi_fw-la necessitate_v etc._n etc._n or_o particular_o to_o his_o own_o lord_n upon_o particular_a agreement_n between_o they_o like_o the_o commendati_fw-la before_o mention_v and_o some_o ministerial_a officer_n and_o domestic_a servant_n 〈◊〉_d praedial_a service_n be_v that_o which_o be_v do_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n to_o the_o king_n or_o his_o lord_n for_o land_n only_o and_o this_o be_v of_o three_o sort_n alodial_a beneficiary_a and_o colonical_a ●●●●ice_n alodial_a service_n be_v that_o which_o the_o great_a thanes_z and_o other_o who_o have_v alodial_a land_n otherwise_o call_v bocland_n and_o as_o i_o take_v it_o gavelkind_a and_o hereditary_a land_n be_v tie_v to_o do_v pro_fw-la bono_fw-mi publico_fw-la to_o the_o king_n and_o commonwealth_n in_o respect_n of_o those_o land_n though_o by_o the_o feudal_n law_n that_o kind_n of_o land_n be_v free_a from_o all_o tenure_n and_o feodal_n service_n i_o shall_v not_o therefore_o use_v this_o solecism_n to_o call_v they_o service_n if_o the_o dialect_n of_o our_o law_n afford_v i_o some_o other_o fit_a expression_n but_o the_o saxon_n themselves_o term_v they_o land-rights_a not_o service_n of_o which_o sort_n be_v the_o trinodis_fw-la necessitas_fw-la of_o expedition_n burghbote_n and_o brigbote_n the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o of_o the_o peace_n attendance_n upon_o the_o king_n summons_n for_o his_o park_n or_o palace_n before_o express_v and_o beside_o they_o all_o the_o tribute_n of_o danegelt_n etc._n etc._n service_n beneficiary_a service_n be_v those_o which_o be_v do_v by_o the_o middling_a or_o lesser_a thanes_z to_o the_o king_n and_o the_o great_a thanes_z either_o military_o in_o war_n or_o ministerial_o in_o peace_n for_o those_o portion_n of_o out-land_n which_o be_v grant_v to_o they_o temporary_o as_o at_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n or_o for_o life_n or_o life_n be_v then_o call_v beneficia_fw-la but_o be_v extend_v after_o to_o perpetuity_n they_o be_v name_v by_o the_o norman_n feoda_n the_o creation_n manner_n variety_n and_o multitude_n of_o they_o you_o shall_v see_v in_o the_o charter_n of_o bishop_n oswald_n by_z and_o by_o ensue_v 〈◊〉_d colonical_a service_n be_v those_o which_o be_v do_v by_o the_o ceorl_n and_o socman_n that_o be_v husbandman_n to_o their_o lord_n the_o king_n and_o thanes_z of_o all_o sort_n

for_o some_o portion_n also_o of_o their_o out-land_n these_o be_v after_o call_v feoda_fw-it rustica_fw-la beyond_o the_o sea_n with_o we_o socage-land_n and_o be_v hold_v at_o pleasure_n of_o their_o lord_n either_o by_o render_v part_n of_o the_o profit_n thereupon_o grow_v or_o rear_v as_o victual_n especial_o in_o saxon_a call_v feorm_n etc._n etc._n whereof_o see_v the_o rate_n in_o the_o law_n of_o king_n ina_n chap._n 70._o or_o by_o do_v some_o work_n of_o husbandry_n upon_o the_o lord_n inland_n now_o call_v his_o demean_n as_o tillage_n carriage_n harvest-work_n etc._n etc._n among_o all_o these_o diversity_n of_o service_n none_o come_v so_o near_o to_o the_o nature_n of_o feud_n and_o tenor_n as_o the_o beneficiary_n do_v let_v we_o therefore_o consider_v they_o the_o more_o serious_o by_o that_o notable_a pattern_n of_o they_o leave_v unto_o we_o from_o bishop_n oswald_n who_o divide_v much_o of_o the_o land_n of_o his_o church_n of_o worcester_n into_o those_o kind_n of_o portion_n which_o after_o the_o feodal_n word_n then_o in_o use_n he_o call_v beneficia_fw-la grant_v the_o same_o unto_o his_o thanes_z and_o follower_n not_o by_o the_o name_n of_o his_o milites_fw-la or_o tenentes_fw-la but_o of_o his_o fidos_fw-la subditos_fw-la for_o the_o term_n of_o three_o life_n according_a to_o the_o manner_n which_o they_o retain_v in_o those_o part_n even_o to_o this_o day_n and_o reserve_v to_o his_o church_n and_o successor_n not_o homagium_fw-la &_o s●rvitium_fw-la the_o material_a word_n in_o tenure_n to_o create_v knights-service_n in_o the_o feodal_n law_n but_o the_o service_n mention_v in_o his_o charter_n secundum_fw-la conventionem_fw-la cum_fw-la eye_n factam_fw-la &_o sponsionem_fw-la svam_fw-la as_o the_o very_a word_n be_v there_o express_o but_o hear_v the_o charter_n or_o rather_o epistle_n as_o he_o himself_o call_v it_o which_o the_o king_n confirm_v and_o a_o council_n the_o aranga_n or_o preamble_n of_o it_o be_v a_o thankful_a acknowledgement_n of_o king_n edgar_n bounty_n and_o goodness_n to_o he_o the_o bishop_n and_o his_o church_n the_o conclusion_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o those_o time_n a_o curse_n and_o heavy_a imprecation_n against_o all_o such_o as_o shall_v spoil_v or_o violate_v the_o same_o both_o which_o be_v long_o and_o nothing_o to_o our_o purpose_n i_o think_v convenient_a here_o to_o pretermit_v the_o rest_n be_v as_o follow_v under_o the_o title_n give_v it_o in_o the_o manuscript_n chap._n xxvi_o the_o charter_n whereby_o oswald_n bishop_n of_o worcester_n dispose_v divers_a land_n of_o his_o church_n after_o the_o feodal_n manner_n of_o that_o time_n entitle_v indiculum_fw-la libertatis_fw-la de_fw-la oswaldes-lawes-hundred_n domino_fw-la meo_fw-la charissimo_fw-la regi_fw-la anglorum_fw-la edgaro_n ego_fw-la oswaldus_n wigorniensis_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la episcopus_fw-la etc._n etc._n quare_fw-la quomodo_fw-la fidos_fw-la mihi_fw-la subditos_fw-la telluribus_fw-la quae_fw-la meae_fw-la traditae_fw-la sunt_fw-la potestati_fw-la per_fw-la spatium_fw-la temporis_fw-la trium_fw-la hominum_fw-la id_fw-la est_fw-la duorum_fw-la post_fw-la se_fw-la haeredum_fw-la condonarem_fw-la placuit_fw-la tam_fw-la mihi_fw-la quam_fw-la ipsis_fw-la fautoribus_fw-la &_o consiliariis_fw-la meis_fw-la cum_fw-la ipsius_fw-la domini_fw-la mei_fw-la regis_fw-la licentia_fw-la &_o attestatione_n ut_fw-la fratribus_fw-la meis_fw-la successoribus_fw-la scil_n episcopis_fw-la per_fw-la chirographi_fw-la cautionem_fw-la apertius_fw-la enuclearem_fw-la ut_fw-la sciant_fw-la quid_fw-la ab_fw-la eye_n extorquere_fw-la just_a debeant_fw-la secundum_fw-la conventionem_fw-la cum_fw-la eye_n factam_fw-la &_o sponsionem_fw-la svam_fw-la unde_fw-la &_o hanc_fw-la epistolam_fw-la ob_fw-la cautelae_fw-la causam_fw-la componere_fw-la studui_fw-la nequis_fw-la malignae_fw-la cupiditatis_fw-la instinctu_fw-la hoc_fw-la sequenti_fw-la tempore_fw-la mutare_fw-la volens_fw-la abjurare_fw-la a_o servitio_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la queat_fw-la haec_fw-la itaque_fw-la conventio_fw-la cum_fw-la eye_n facta_fw-la est_fw-la ipso_fw-la domino_fw-la meo_fw-la rege_fw-la annuente_fw-la &_o sua_fw-la attestatione_n munificentae_fw-la suae_fw-la largitatem_fw-la roborante_a &_o confirmante_fw-la omnibusque_fw-la ipsius_fw-la regiminis_fw-la sapientibus_fw-la &_o principibus_fw-la attestantibus_fw-la &_o consentientibus_fw-la hoc_fw-la pacto_fw-la eye_n terras_fw-la sanctae_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la sub_fw-la i_o tenere_fw-la concessi_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la omnis_fw-la equitandi_fw-la lex_fw-la ab_fw-la eye_n impleatur_fw-la quae_fw-la ad_fw-la equites_fw-la pertinet_fw-la &_o ut_fw-la pleniter_fw-la persolvant_fw-la omne_fw-la quae_fw-la ad_fw-la jus_o ipsius_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la just_a competunt_fw-la scil_n ea_fw-la quae_fw-la anglice_fw-la dicuntur_fw-la ciricsceott_n &_o toll_n id_fw-la est_fw-la thelonium_fw-la &_o tacc_n id_fw-la est_fw-la swinseade_n &_o cetera_fw-la jura_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la nisi_fw-la episcopus_fw-la alicui_fw-la eorum_fw-la quid_fw-la pardonare_fw-la voluerit_fw-la seseque_fw-la quamdiu_fw-la ipsas_fw-la terras_fw-la tenent_fw-la in_o mandatis_fw-la pontificis_fw-la humiliter_fw-la cum_fw-la omni_fw-la subjectione_n perseverare_fw-la etiam_fw-la jurejurando_fw-la affirment_fw-la super_fw-la haec_fw-la etiam_fw-la ad_fw-la omnis_fw-la industriae_fw-la episcopi_fw-la indigentiam_fw-la semet_fw-la ipsos_fw-la praesto_fw-la impendant_fw-la equos_fw-la praestent_fw-la ipsi_fw-la equitent_a &_o ad_fw-la totum_fw-la piramiticum_fw-la opus_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la calcis_fw-la atque_fw-la ad_fw-la pontis_fw-la aedificum_fw-la ultro_fw-la inveniantur_fw-la parati_fw-la sed_fw-la &_o venationis_fw-la sepem_fw-la domini_fw-la episcopi_fw-la ultronei_fw-la ad_fw-la aedificandum_fw-la repperiantur_fw-la suaque_fw-la quandocunque_fw-la domino_fw-la episcopo_fw-la libuerit_fw-la venabula_fw-la destinent_a venatum_fw-la insuper_fw-la ad_fw-la multas_fw-la alius_fw-la indigentiae_fw-la causas_fw-la quibus_fw-la opus_fw-la est_fw-la domino_fw-la antistiti_fw-la saepe_fw-la furnisci_fw-la sive_fw-la ad_fw-la suum_fw-la servitium_fw-la sive_fw-la ad_fw-la regale_n explendum_fw-la semper_fw-la illius_fw-la archiductoris_fw-la dominatui_fw-la &_o voluntati_fw-la qui_fw-la episcopatui_fw-la praesidet_fw-la propter_fw-la beneficium_fw-la quod_fw-la illis_fw-la praestitum_fw-la est_fw-la cum_fw-la omni_fw-la humilitate_fw-la &_o subjectione_n subditi_fw-la fiant_fw-la secundum_fw-la ipsius_fw-la voluntatem_fw-la &_o terrarum_fw-la quas_fw-la cuique_fw-la possidet_fw-la quantitatem_fw-la decurso_fw-la autem_fw-la praefati_fw-la temporis_fw-la curriculo_fw-la viz._n duorum_fw-la qui_fw-la post_fw-la eos_fw-la qui_fw-la eas_fw-la mode_n possident_fw-la haeredum_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la spatio_fw-la in_fw-la ipsius_fw-la antistitis_fw-la sit_fw-la arbitrio_fw-la quid_fw-la inde_fw-la velit_fw-la &_o quomodo_fw-la svi_fw-la velle_fw-la sit_fw-la inde_fw-la ita_fw-la stet_fw-la sive_fw-la ad_fw-la suum_fw-la opus_fw-la eas_fw-la retinere_fw-la si_fw-la sic_fw-la sibi_fw-la utile_fw-la judicaverit_fw-la sive_fw-la eas_fw-la alicui_fw-la diutius_fw-la praestare_fw-la si_fw-la sic_fw-la sibi_fw-la placuerit_fw-la velit_fw-la ita_fw-la duntaxat_fw-la ut_fw-la semper_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la servitia_fw-la pleniter_fw-la ut_fw-la praefati_fw-la sumus_fw-la inde_fw-la persolvantur_fw-la ast_n si_fw-la quid_fw-la praefatorum_fw-la delicti_fw-la praevaricantis_fw-la causa_fw-la defuerit_fw-la jurum_fw-la praevaricationis_fw-la delictum_fw-la secundum_fw-la quod_fw-la praesulis_fw-la jus_o est_fw-la emendet_fw-la aut_fw-la illo_fw-la quo_fw-la antea_fw-la potitus_fw-la est_fw-la dono_fw-la &_o terra_fw-la careat_fw-la siquis_fw-la vero_fw-la diabolo_fw-it instigante_fw-la etc._n etc._n charter_n the_o sum_n of_o all_o aforesaid_a be_v that_o the_o bishop_n tenant_n shall_v pay_v and_o do_v as_o follow_v first_o that_o they_o shall_v perform_v all_o duty_n that_o belong_v to_o horseman_n that_o they_o shall_v pay_v all_o thing_n that_o be_v due_a unto_o the_o church_n and_o perform_v all_o other_o right_n that_o belong_v to_o it_o that_o they_o shall_v swear_v to_o be_v in_o all_o humble_a subjection_n at_o the_o command_n of_o the_o bishop_n as_o long_o as_o they_o shall_v hold_v these_o land_n of_o he_o that_o as_o often_o as_o the_o occasion_n of_o the_o bishop_n shall_v so_o require_v they_o shall_v present_v themselves_o to_o be_v ready_a for_o it_o and_o shall_v both_o furnish_v he_o with_o horse_n and_o ride_v themselves_o that_o of_o their_o own_o accord_n they_o shall_v be_v ready_a to_o perform_v all_o the_o work_n about_o the_o steeple_n of_o that_o church_n and_o for_o the_o build_n of_o castle_n and_o bridges_n that_o they_o shall_v ready_o help_v to_o fence_v in_o the_o bishop_n park_n and_o to_o furnish_v he_o with_o hunt_v weapon_n when_o he_o go_v a_o hunt_n that_o in_o many_o other_o case_n when_o the_o occasion_n of_o the_o lord_n bishop_n shall_v require_v whether_o it_o be_v for_o his_o own_o service_n or_o for_o the_o king_n service_n they_o shall_v in_o all_o humbleness_n and_o subjection_n be_v obedient_a to_o the_o chief_a captain_n or_o leader_n of_o the_o bishopric_n for_o the_o grant_v benefit_n do_v unto_o they_o and_o the_o quantity_n of_o land_n which_o every_o one_o of_o they_o possess_v that_o after_o the_o expiration_n of_o the_o three_o life_n the_o land_n shall_v return_v again_o to_o the_o bishopric_n that_o if_o there_o be_v any_o defect_n in_o perform_v the_o premise_n by_o reason_n that_o some_o shall_v vary_v or_o break_v the_o agreement_n the_o delinquent_n shall_v make_v satisfaction_n according_a to_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o bishop_n or_o shall_v forfeit_v the_o land_n which_o he_o have_v of_o his_o gift_n i_o suppose_v that_o this_o be_v the_o common_a manner_n of_o grant_n and_o reservation_n in_o those_o

that_o none_o shall_v be_v put_v to_o further_a trouble_n unless_o the_o king_n be_v own_o necessity_n or_o the_o common_a good_a of_o the_o kingdom_n require_v it_o therefore_o the_o bishop_n earls_z sheriff_n heretoches_n or_o marshal_n of_o army_n trithingreves_n leidgreves_n lieutenant_n hundredors_n alderman_n magistrate_n reves_n baron_n vavasor_n thungreves_n and_o other_o lord_n of_o land_n must_v be_v all_o diligent_o attend_v at_o these_o assembly_n lest_o that_o the_o lewdness_n of_o offender_n the_o misdemeanour_n gravionum_n i_o of_o sheriff_n and_o the_o ordinary_a corruption_n of_o judge_n escape_v unpunished_a make_v a_o miserable_a spoil_n of_o the_o people_n first_o let_v the_o law_n of_o true_a christianity_n which_o we_o call_v the_o ecclesiastical_a be_v full_o execute_v with_o due_a satisfaction_n then_o let_v the_o plea_n concern_v the_o king_n be_v deal_v with_o and_o last_o those_o between_o party_n and_o party_n and_o whosoever_o the_o church-synod_n shall_v find_v at_o variance_n let_v they_o either_o make_v a_o accord_n between_o they_o in_o love_n or_o sequester_v they_o by_o their_o sentence_n of_o excommunication_n etc._n etc._n whereby_o it_o appear_v that_o ecclesiastical_a cause_n be_v at_o that_o time_n under_o the_o cognizance_n of_o this_o court_n but_o i_o take_v they_o to_o be_v such_o ecclesiastical_a cause_n as_o be_v ground_v upon_o the_o ecclesiastical_a law_n make_v by_o the_o king_n themselves_o for_o the_o government_n of_o the_o church_n for_o many_o such_o there_o be_v almost_o in_o every_o king_n time_n and_o not_o for_o matter_n rise_v out_o of_o the_o roman_a canon_n which_o haply_o be_v determinable_a only_o before_o the_o bishop_n and_o his_o minister_n to_o proceed_v before_o they_o enter_v into_o any_o cause_n as_o it_o be_v command_v in_o the_o law_n of_o canutus_n which_o we_o mention_v par_fw-fr 2._o ca._n 17._o the_o bishop_n to_o use_v the_o term_n of_o our_o time_n which_o from_o hence_o take_v the_o original_a give_v a_o solemn_a charge_n unto_o the_o people_n touch_v ecclesiastical_a matter_n open_v unto_o they_o the_o right_n and_o reverence_n of_o the_o church_n and_o their_o duty_n therein_o towards_o god_n and_o the_o king_n according_a to_o the_o word_n of_o god_n and_o divinity_n then_o the_o alderman_n in_o like_a manner_n relate_v unto_o they_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n and_o their_o duty_n towards_o god_n the_o king_n and_o commonwealth_n according_a to_o the_o rule_n and_o tenure_n thereof_o of_o all_o which_o because_o i_o find_v a_o notable_a precedent_n in_o a_o synodal_n edict_n make_v by_o carolus_n calvus_n emperor_n and_o king_n of_o france_n in_o council_n carissiaco_fw-it an._n dom._n 856._o i_o will_v here_o add_v it_o not_o to_o show_v that_o our_o saxon_n take_v their_o form_n of_o government_n from_o the_o french_a but_o that_o both_o the_o french_a and_o they_o as_o brethren_n descend_v from_o one_o parent_n the_o german_a keep_v the_o right_n and_o law_n of_o their_o natural_a country_n episcopi_fw-la quinque_fw-la in_o suis_fw-la parochiis_fw-la &_o missi_fw-la in_o illorum_fw-la missaticis_fw-la comitesque_fw-la in_o eorum_fw-la comitatibus_fw-la pariter_fw-la placita_fw-la teneant_fw-la quo_fw-la omnes_fw-la reipub._n ministri_fw-la &_o vassi_n dominici_n omnesque_fw-la quicunque_fw-la vel_fw-la quorumcunque_fw-la homines_fw-la in_o iisdem_fw-la parochiis_fw-la &_o comitatibus_fw-la sine_fw-la ulla_fw-la personaram_fw-la acceptione_n &_o excusatione_n aut_fw-la dilatione_fw-la conveniant_fw-la etc._n etc._n that_o be_v the_o bishop_n in_o their_o parish_n or_o diocese_n and_o the_o justice_n itinerant_a or_o alderman_n in_o their_o circuit_n and_o the_o earl_n in_o their_o county_n shall_v hold_v their_o plea_n together_o whereunto_o all_o minister_n and_o officer_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n all_o the_o king_n baron_n and_o all_o other_o whatsoever_o they_o be_v or_o who_o tenant_n soever_o they_o be_v within_o the_o same_o parish_n or_o county_n without_o any_o respect_n of_o person_n excuse_n or_o delay_n shall_v assemble_v together_o and_o the_o bishop_n of_o that_o parish_n or_o diocese_n have_v brief_o note_v sentence_n touch_v the_o matter_n out_o of_o the_o evangelist_n apostle_n and_o prophet_n shall_v read_v they_o to_o the_o people_n and_o also_o the_o decree_n apostolic_a and_o canon_n of_o the_o church_n and_o in_o open_a and_o plain_a term_n shall_v instruct_v they_o all_o what_o manner_n and_o how_o great_a a_o sin_n it_o be_v to_o violate_v or_o spoil_v the_o church_n and_o what_o and_o how_o great_a penance_n and_o what_o merciless_a and_o severe_a punishment_n it_o require_v with_o other_o accustom_a necessary_a and_o profitable_a admonishment_n the_o alderman_n also_o or_o justice_n shall_v note_v down_o such_o sentence_n of_o law_n as_o they_o call_v to_o mind_n and_o shall_v publish_v unto_o they_o the_o constitution_n of_o we_o and_o our_o predecessor_n king_n and_o emperor_n gather_v together_o touch_v this_o matter_n and_o the_o bishop_n by_o the_o authority_n of_o god_n and_o the_o apostle_n and_o the_o alderman_n or_o justice_n and_o earl_n under_o the_o penalty_n of_o the_o king_n law_n shall_v with_o all_o the_o care_n they_o can_v prohibit_v every_o man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n from_o make_v any_o prey_n or_o spoil_v of_o the_o church_n etc._n etc._n of_o parliament_n when_o state_n be_v depart_v from_o their_o original_a constitution_n and_o that_o original_a by_o tract_n of_o time_n wear_v out_o of_o memory_n the_o succeed_a age_n view_v what_o be_v pass_v by_o the_o present_a conceive_v the_o former_a to_o have_v be_v like_o to_o that_o they_o live_v in_o and_o frame_v thereupon_o erroneous_a proposition_n do_v likewise_o make_v thereon_o erroneous_a inference_n and_o conclusion_n i_o will_v not_o pry_v too_o bold_o into_o this_o ark_n of_o secret_n but_o have_v see_v more_o parliament_n miscarry_v yea_o suffer_v shipwreck_n within_o these_o sixteen_o year_n past_a than_o in_o many_o hundred_o heretofore_o i_o desire_v for_o my_o understanding_n sake_n to_o take_v a_o view_n of_o the_o beginning_n and_o nature_n of_o parliament_n not_o meddle_v with_o they_o of_o our_o time_n which_o may_v displease_v both_o court_n and_o country_n but_o with_o those_o of_o old_a which_o now_o be_v like_o the_o siege_n of_o troy_n matter_n only_o of_o story_n and_o discourse_n because_o none_o shall_v go_v beyond_o i_o in_o this_o argument_n i_o will_v begin_v with_o the_o foundation_n of_o kingdom_n which_o of_o necessity_n must_v be_v more_o ancient_a than_o parliament_n for_o that_o a_o parliament_n be_v the_o grand_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n assemble_v at_o the_o commandment_n of_o the_o king_n for_o advice_n in_o matter_n of_o state_n our_o first_o labour_n be_v then_o to_o see_v what_o this_o grand-council_n be_v original_o it_o be_v confess_v on_o all_o hand_n that_o the_o king_n be_v universal_a lord_n of_o his_o whole_a territory_n and_o that_o no_o man_n possess_v any_o part_n thereof_o but_o derive_v from_o he_o either_o mediate_o or_o immediate_o this_o derivation_n thus_o proceed_v the_o king_n in_o the_o beginning_n divide_v his_o whole_a territory_n into_o two_o part_n one_o to_o be_v manure_v by_o his_o own_o tenant_n and_o husbandman_n then_o call_v socman_n for_o the_o king_n of_o england_n use_v in_o those_o day_n to_o stock_n their_o ground_n themselves_o like_o the_o king_n of_o israel_n and_o by_o the_o profit_n thereof_o especial_o to_o maintain_v their_o hospitality_n their_o court_n and_o estate_n have_v in_o every_o manor_n officer_n and_o servant_n for_o that_o purpose_n this_o part_n be_v sacrum_n patrimonium_fw-la the_o inseparable_a inheritance_n of_o the_o crown_n call_v in_o doomsday_n terra_fw-la regis_fw-la and_o in_o law_n the_o ancient_n demaine_n and_o because_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o husbandry_n of_o the_o king_n all_o that_o manure_v or_o hold_v any_o part_n of_o this_o land_n be_v say_v to_o be_v tenant_n in_o socage_n and_o may_v not_o be_v draw_v into_o the_o war_n of_o which_o nature_n as_o touch_v their_o tenure_n they_o continue_v at_o this_o day_n the_o other_o part_n of_o his_o whole_a territory_n he_o portion_v out_o to_o military_a man_n which_o though_o the_o other_o be_v the_o more_o profitable_a yet_o this_o be_v always_o hold_v for_o the_o more_o honourable_a and_o therefore_o so_o divide_v this_o among_o his_o noble_n and_o chief_a servant_n and_o follower_n for_o supportation_n in_o his_o war_n and_o royal_a estate_n to_o some_o in_o great_a measure_n to_o other_o in_o less_o according_a to_o their_o merit_n and_o quality_n province_n to_o duke_n county_n to_o earl_n castle_n and_o signiory_n unto_o baron_n render_v unto_o he_o not_o ex_fw-la pacto_fw-la vel_fw-la condicto_fw-la for_o that_o be_v but_o cautela_fw-la superabundans_fw-la but_o of_o common_a right_n and_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n for_o so_o i_o may_v term_v the_o feodal-law_n then_o to_o be_v in_o our_o western_a orb_n all_o feodal_n duty_n and_o service_n due_a from_o the_o donee_n and_o their_o

consent_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o baron_n for_o in_o his_o charter_n whereby_o he_o divide_v the_o court-christian_a from_o the_o temporal_a he_o say_v thus_o sciatis_fw-la quod_fw-la episcopales_fw-la leges_fw-la communi_fw-la concilio_n &_o consilio_fw-la archiepiscoporum_fw-la meorum_fw-la &_o caeterorum_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la &_o abbatum_fw-la &_o omnium_fw-la principum_fw-la regni_fw-la mei_fw-la emendandas_fw-la judicavi_fw-la and_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v that_o same_o commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la whereby_o he_o make_v the_o law_n he_o speak_v of_o in_o his_o charter_n of_o the_o great_a establishment_n aforesaid_a william_n rufus_n in_o an._n 1094._o call_n 26._o episcopos_fw-la abbates_n cunctosque_fw-la regni_fw-la principes_fw-la to_o a_o council_n at_o rochingheham_n 5._o id._n mar._n henry_n 1._o de_fw-fr communi_fw-la concilio_n gentis_fw-la anglorum_fw-la say_v matthew_n paris_n posuit_fw-la dunelmensem_fw-la episcopum_fw-la in_o vinculis_fw-la where_o gentis_fw-la anglorum_fw-la may_v be_v extend_v to_o such_o a_o parliament_n as_o we_o use_v at_o this_o day_n if_o the_o use_n of_o that_o time_n have_v bear_v it_o but_o eadmere_n speak_v of_o a_o great_a counsel_n hold_v a_o little_a after_o at_o lambeth_n call_v it_o concilium_fw-la magnatum_fw-la utriusque_fw-la ordinis_fw-la exclude_v plain_o the_o commons_o and_o to_o that_o effect_n be_v also_o all_o the_o other_o council_n of_o his_o time_n but_o our_o late_a chronicler_n follow_v 188._o polydore_n as_o it_o seem_v for_o they_o cite_v no_o author_n do_v affirm_v that_o henry_n i._o in_o the_o sixteen_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n hold_v the_o first_o parliament_n of_o the_o three_o estate_n the_o truth_n whereof_o i_o have_v take_v some_o pain_n to_o examine_v but_o can_v find_v nothing_o to_o make_v it_o good_a 117._o eadmerus_n who_o flourish_v at_o that_o very_a time_n write_v particular_o of_o this_o council_n or_o assembly_n say_v xiii_o kal._n aprilis_n factus_fw-la est_fw-la conventus_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la abbatum_fw-la &_o principum_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la apud_fw-la serberiam_fw-la cogente_fw-la eos_fw-la illuc_fw-la sanctione_n regis_fw-la henrici_fw-la i._n and_o among_o other_o cause_n handle_v there_o he_o show_v this_o to_o be_v the_o principal_a viz._n that_o the_o king_n be_v to_o go_v into_o normandy_n and_o not_o know_v how_o god_n may_v dispose_v of_o he_o he_o desire_v that_o the_o succession_n may_v be_v confirm_v on_o his_o son_n william_n whereupon_o say_v eadmer_n omnes_fw-la principes_fw-la facti_fw-la sunt_fw-la homines_fw-la ipsius_fw-la willielmi_n fide_fw-la &_o sacramento_n confirmati_fw-la florentius_n wigorniensis_n who_o live_v at_o that_o time_n and_o die_v about_o two_o year_n after_o 1116._o report_v it_o to_o the_o same_o effect_n conventio_fw-la optimatum_fw-la &_o baronum_fw-la totius_fw-la angliae_fw-la apud_fw-la sealesbiriam_n 14._o cal._n apr._n facta_fw-la est_fw-la qui_fw-la in_fw-la praesentia_fw-la regis_fw-la henrici_fw-la homagium_fw-la filio_fw-la svo_fw-la gulielmo_n fecerunt_fw-la &_o fidelitatem_fw-la ei_fw-la juraverunt_fw-la here_o be_v no_o mention_n of_o the_o commons_o who_o in_o likelihood_n they_o shall_v not_o have_v pretermit_v if_o they_o have_v be_v there_o assemble_v contrary_a to_o the_o usual_a custom_n of_o those_o time_n nor_o do_v any_o succeed_a walsingh_n author_n that_o i_o can_v find_v once_o touch_v upon_o it_o i_o conceive_v there_o may_v a_o mistake_n grow_v by_o polydore_n or_o some_o other_o for_o that_o many_o of_o the_o commons_o if_o not_o all_o be_v at_o this_o time_n general_o swear_v to_o prince_n william_n as_o well_o as_o the_o baron_n be_v and_o as_o after_o in_o the_o year_n 1127._o to_o maud_n his_o daughter_n prince_n william_n be_v then_o dead_a but_o i_o no_o where_o find_v in_o all_o the_o council_n or_o parliament_n if_o you_o so_o will_v call_v they_o of_o this_o time_n any_o mention_n make_v of_o any_o other_o than_o the_o bishop_n baron_n and_o great_a person_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o so_o likewise_o in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n stephen_n the_o first_o alteration_n that_o i_o meet_v with_o be_v in_o the_o twenty_o second_o year_n of_o hen._n ii_o where_o benedict_n abbas_n say_v circa_n festum_fw-la s._n pauli_n venit_fw-la dominus_fw-la rex_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la northampton_n &_o magnum_fw-la ibi_fw-la celebravit_fw-la concilium_fw-la de_fw-la statutis_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la coram_fw-la episcopis_fw-la comitibus_fw-la &_o baronibus_fw-la terrae_fw-la suae_fw-la &_o per_fw-la consilium_fw-la militum_fw-la &_o hominum_fw-la suorum_fw-la here_o militum_fw-la &_o hominum_fw-la suorum_fw-la extend_v beyond_o the_o baron_n and_o agree_v with_o the_o charter_n of_o king_n john_n as_o after_z shall_v appear_v yet_o hoveden_n speak_v of_o this_o council_n do_v not_o mention_v they_o but_o only_o term_v it_o magnum_fw-la concilium_fw-la but_o there_o happen_v about_o this_o 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son_n clement_n spelman_n contain_v many_o thing_n relate_v to_o impropriation_n and_o several_a instance_n of_o the_o judgement_n of_o god_n upon_o sacrilege_n the_o great_a part_n of_o these_o instance_n seem_v to_o be_v take_v from_o his_o history_n and_o fate_n of_o sacrilege_n a_o book_n still_o in_o manuscript_n the_o gentleman_n for_o who_o sake_n it_o be_v write_v die_v immediate_o upon_o the_o publication_n of_o this_o book_n but_o however_o it_o do_v very_o good_a service_n to_o the_o church_n this_o mr._n stephens_n have_v make_v appear_v in_o a_o preface_n to_o some_o of_o his_o posthumous_n work_v wherein_o he_o instance_n in_o several_a gentleman_n who_o be_v induce_v by_o the_o read_n of_o this_o book_n to_o restore_v their_o impropriation_n to_o the_o church_n that_o part_n of_o the_o preface_n be_v since_o reprint_v before_o a_o edition_n of_o this_o book_n which_o come_v out_o in_o the_o year_n 1668._o and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v not_o repeat_v the_o catalogue_n 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the_o dissolution_n the_o king_n be_v express_a promise_n to_o employ_v the_o land_n to_o the_o advancement_n of_o learning_n religion_n and_o relief_n of_o the_o poor_a with_o the_o remarkable_a calamity_n that_o ensue_v upon_o the_o king_n his_o posterity_n his_o principal_a agent_n in_o that_o affair_n the_o new_a owner_n of_o the_o land_n and_o the_o lord_n who_o promote_v and_o pass_v the_o dissolution_n act_n conclude_v with_o a_o chapter_n which_o contain_v the_o particular_n of_o divers_a monastery_n in_o norfolk_n whereof_o the_o late_a owner_n since_o the_o dissolution_n be_v extinct_a or_o decay_v or_o overthrow_v by_o misfortune_n and_o grievous_a accident_n this_o be_v a_o short_a account_n of_o a_o large_a work_n wherein_o the_o judicious_a author_n be_v far_o from_o affirm_v that_o their_o be_v concern_v in_o this_o affair_n either_o as_o promoter_n of_o the_o alienation_n or_o possessor_n of_o the_o land_n be_v direct_o the_o occasion_n of_o the_o calamity_n that_o ensue_v on_o the_o contrary_a he_o declare_v more_o than_o once_o that_o he_o will_v not_o presume_v to_o judge_v of_o the_o secret_a method_n of_o god_n providence_n but_o only_o relate_v plain_a matter_n of_o fact_n and_o leave_v every_o man_n to_o make_v his_o own_o application_n though_o it_o must_v be_v grant_v that_o many_o of_o the_o instance_n and_o those_o well_o assert_v be_v so_o terrible_a in_o the_o event_n and_o in_o the_o circumstance_n so_o surprise_v that_o no_o consider_v man_n can_v well_o pass_v they_o over_o without_o a_o serious_a reflection_n this_o discourse_n may_v have_v appear_v among_o his_o other_o posthumous_n work_v but_o that_o some_o person_n in_o the_o present_a age_n will_v be_v apt_a to_o interpret_v the_o mention_n of_o their_o predecessor_n in_o such_o a_o manner_n and_o on_o such_o a_o occasion_n as_o a_o unpardonable_a reflection_n upon_o their_o family_n ms._n these_o i_o think_v be_v all_o the_o treatise_n that_o he_o either_o write_v or_o publish_v about_o the_o right_n of_o the_o church_n the_o next_o work_n that_o i_o shall_v mention_v be_v a_o history_n of_o the_o civil_a affair_n of_o the_o kingdom_n from_o the_o conquest_n to_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la take_v from_o our_o best_a historian_n and_o general_o set_v down_o in_o their_o own_o word_n it_o be_v a_o manuscript_n in_o the_o bodleian_n library_n and_o the_o title_n which_o sir_n henry_n have_v give_v it_o be_v this_o codex_fw-la legum_n veterum_fw-la &_o statutorum_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la quae_fw-la ab_fw-la ingressu_fw-la gulielmi_n usque_fw-la ad_fw-la annum_fw-la nonum_fw-la henrici_fw-la tertii_fw-la edita_fw-la sunt_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la ante_fw-la primum_fw-la statutum_n omnium_fw-la impressorum_fw-la in_o libris_fw-la juridicis_fw-la quod_fw-la magna_fw-la charta_fw-la appellatur_fw-la ab_fw-la edwardo_n i._n confirmata_fw-la e_o variis_fw-la monimentis_fw-la authoribus_fw-la manuscriptis_fw-la &_o antiquis_fw-la paginis_fw-la concinnatum_fw-la opere_fw-la &_o study_n henrici_fw-la spelman_n collecta_fw-la anno_fw-la

christian_a king_n cause_v his_o own_o law_n to_o be_v put_v in_o write_v about_o the_o year_n 605._o as_o other_o western_a nation_n in_o a_o age_n or_o two_o before_o have_v do_v and_o as_o bede_n say_v 5._o write_v they_o in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n the_o first_o charter_n if_o i_o shall_v so_o call_v it_o or_o write_v touch_v land_n and_o privilege_n be_v as_o a_o ms._n of_o canterbury_n report_v make_v by_o withredus_n king_n of_o kent_n in_o the_o year_n 694._o and_o as_o that_o charter_n itself_o witness_v be_v appoint_v to_o be_v keep_v in_o the_o church_n of_o our_o saviour_n at_o canterbury_n as_o a_o precedent_n for_o posterity_n to_o imitate_v and_o though_o it_o appear_v not_o there_o in_o what_o language_n it_o be_v write_v yet_o i_o presume_v it_o be_v in_o the_o same_o with_o their_o law_n which_o be_v the_o saxon_a tongue_n for_o there_o be_v two_o copy_n of_o it_o extant_a in_o latin_a so_o differ_v the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o as_o thereby_o they_o both_o appear_v to_o be_v translation_n for_o proof_n thereof_o the_o one_o of_o they_o use_v the_o word_n charta_fw-la and_o chartula_fw-la which_o ingulfus_n affirm_v to_o be_v bring_v in_o hither_o by_o the_o norman_n that_o be_v above_o three_o hundred_o year_n after_o the_o time_n of_o this_o charter_n of_o withred_n the_o other_o latin_a copy_n term_v it_o scriptum_n not_o chartam_fw-la and_o the_o saxon_n themselves_o use_v neither_o of_o those_o word_n but_o call_v such_o write_n in_o latin_a chirographos_n not_o chartas_n as_o ingulfus_n there_o also_o testify_v so_o that_o it_o hereby_o appear_v that_o the_o prototype_n or_o first_o pattern_n of_o charter_n which_o the_o saxon_n imitate_v be_v not_o in_o latin_a but_o in_o saxon._n tongu●_n second_o it_o be_v therefore_o to_o be_v presume_v and_o very_o strong_o that_o though_o this_o charter_n of_o beorredus_n remain_v to_o we_o by_o a_o latin_a copy_n yet_o the_o original_n itself_o like_o a_o thousand_o other_o be_v in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n nor_o can_v it_o in_o all_o probability_n be_v otherwise_o for_o at_o the_o very_a time_n when_o it_o be_v make_v viz._n in_o anno_fw-la 868._o learning_n be_v so_o general_o subvert_v throughout_o england_n by_o the_o barbarous_a dane_n that_o king_n alfred_n who_o begin_v to_o reign_v within_o four_o year_n after_o the_o date_n thereof_o say_v 378._o paucissimi_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la cis_fw-la humbrum_fw-la qui_fw-la vel_fw-la preces_fw-la svas_fw-la commune_v sermone_fw-la anglico_fw-la intelligere_fw-la potuerant_fw-la vel_fw-la scriptum_fw-la aliquod_fw-la è_fw-la latino_n transfer_v tam_fw-la sane_fw-la pauci_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la ut_fw-la ne_fw-la unum_fw-la quidem_fw-la recordari_fw-la possum_fw-la ex_fw-la australi_fw-la parte_fw-la thamesis_n tum_fw-la cum_fw-la ego_fw-la regnare_fw-la occaeperam_fw-la but_o as_o their_o original_a charter_n be_v in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n so_o in_o the_o leiger-book_n in_o which_o they_o be_v preserve_v to_o we_o they_o be_v often_o set_v down_o in_o the_o saxon_a and_o then_o because_o the_o book_n themselves_o be_v in_o latin_a they_o be_v there_o translate_v also_o into_o latin_a and_o often_o time_n set_v down_o in_o the_o latin_a only_o without_o the_o saxon_a as_o in_o the_o book_n of_o ramsey-abby_n which_o have_v no_o charter_n in_o it_o in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n the_o author_n of_o it_o say_v libri_fw-la that_o himself_o have_v there_o translate_v they_o all_o into_o latin_a after_o that_o that_o abbey_n in_o the_o day_n of_o king_n stephen_n have_v recover_v her_o liberty_n yet_o i_o deny_v not_o that_o latin_a charter_n may_v be_v often_o use_v by_o their_o latter_a clergyman_n when_o learning_n which_o in_o beorred_n time_n be_v utter_o subvert_v begin_v at_o last_o to_o recover_v life_n again_o day_n three_o i_o conceive_v that_o the_o word_n feudum_fw-la or_o feodum_fw-la be_v not_o in_o use_n in_o beorredus_n day_n viz._n anno_fw-la 868._o for_o proof_n whereof_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v the_o infancy_n youth_n and_o full_a age_n of_o the_o feodal_n law_n for_o according_a to_o these_o several_a time_n the_o feodal_n land_n have_v their_o several_a denomination_n first_o they_o be_v call_v munera_fw-la then_o beneficia_fw-la and_o last_o feuda_n as_o be_v aforesaid_a marculfus_n who_o collect_v the_o formulas_fw-la or_o precedent_n as_o we_o call_v they_o of_o charter_n and_o instrument_n of_o the_o time_n he_o live_v in_o which_o be_v under_o clodovaeus_n ii_o king_n of_o france_n about_o the_o year_n 660._o make_v mention_v in_o his_o first_o book_n of_o munera_fw-la and_o in_o his_o second_o of_o beneficia_fw-la but_o no_o where_o of_o feuda_n and_o he_o who_o a_o hundred_o year_n or_o more_o after_o he_o collect_v the_o formula_n incerti_fw-la autoris_fw-la speak_v divers_a time_n 21._o of_o beneficium_fw-la but_o never_o name_v feudum_n for_o that_o this_o term_n come_v not_o into_o use_n till_o afterward_o when_o these_o beneficia_fw-la begin_v to_o be_v grant_v in_o perpetuity_n beneficium_fw-la regis_fw-la say_v 470._o bignonius_n postea_fw-la feudum_fw-la dictum_fw-la est_fw-la and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o say_v 550._o beneficii_fw-la nomine_fw-la ea_fw-la praedia_fw-la dicta_fw-la sunt_fw-la quae_fw-la feuda_fw-la posteritas_fw-la dixit_fw-la initio_fw-la namque_fw-la vita_fw-la accipientis_fw-la finiebantur_fw-la as_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v they_o be_v call_v beneficia_fw-la when_o they_o be_v grant_v only_o for_o life_n of_o the_o grantee_n but_o be_v call_v feuda_n when_o they_o begin_v to_o be_v grant_v in_o perpetuity_n and_o not_o before_o cujacius_n therefore_o speak_v 7._o of_o feudatarii_fw-la which_o word_n come_v into_o use_n with_o feudum_n for_o relative_n mutuo_fw-la se_fw-la ponunt_fw-la &_o auferunt_fw-la say_v that_o when_o actores_fw-la custodesque_fw-la proediorum_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la temporarii_fw-la perpetui_fw-la esse_fw-la caeperunt_fw-la etc._n etc._n when_o those_o who_o have_v the_o use_n and_o order_n of_o 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temporary_a or_o but_o for_o life_n become_v to_o be_v perpetual_a possession_n which_o as_o i_o have_v often_o say_v be_v not_o long_o before_o the_o conquest_n so_o that_o the_o word_n feudum_n can_v not_o be_v in_o use_n in_o beorredus_n time_n who_o live_v two_o hundred_o year_n before_o beneficia_fw-la four_o though_o the_o word_n feudum_n be_v in_o the_o original_a charter_n of_o beorredus_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o prove_v that_o our_o feud_n be_v then_o in_o use_n for_o call_v they_o beneficia_fw-la or_o call_v they_o feuda_n certain_a it_o be_v that_o neither_o the_o one_o nor_o the_o other_o be_v then_o hereditary_a or_o perpetual_a but_o either_o temporary_a or_o for_o life_n only_o which_o at_o length_n beget_v the_o difference_n between_o feuda_n and_o beneficia_fw-la for_o beneficia_fw-la in_o a_o restrain_a sense_n begin_v to_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o a_o estate_n for_o life_n in_o which_o sense_n it_o rest_v at_o this_o day_n in_o our_o clergy-men_n live_n call_v benefice_n and_o the_o word_n feuda_n grow_v to_o be_v understand_v only_o of_o such_o beneficia_fw-la or_o benefice_n as_o be_v perpetual_a and_o hereditary_a to_o return_v from_o whence_o we_o digress_v i_o suppose_v it_o now_o appear_v sufficient_o how_o some_o feodal_n word_n be_v creep_v into_o charter_n and_o write_n of_o saxon_a date_n and_o i_o think_v i_o may_v conclude_v that_o the_o word_n before_o mention_v tenura_n tenentes_fw-la tenementa_fw-la tenere_fw-la or_o tenendum_fw-la in_o a_o feodal_a sense_n or_o feodum_fw-la itself_o be_v not_o in_o use_n among_o they_o much_o less_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la tenure_n by_o knight-service_n tenure_n in_o socage_n or_o frankalmoign_a though_o the_o like_a service_n be_v perform_v to_o the_o saxon_a lordship_n by_o their_o thanes_z and_o theoden_n their_o socman_n or_o husbandman_n and_o their_o beadsman_n or_o clergyman_n by_o way_n of_o contract_n for_o the_o land_n receive_v from_o they_o as_o be_v after_o the_o conquest_n to_o the_o norman_a lordship_n by_o way_n of_o tenure_n for_o land_n hold_v of_o they_o the_o neapolitan_a and_o sicilian_a constitution_n which_o

&_o seqq_n a_o name_n not_o well_o agree_v with_o feodal_n servitude_n but_o it_o seem_v by_o divers_a abby-book_n that_o some_o estate_n for_o life_n which_o we_o call_v frank_n tenement_n be_v also_o put_v in_o writing_n especial_o among_o the_o latter_a saxon_n yet_o be_v not_o these_o account_v bocland_n for_o they_o be_v lade_v common_o with_o many_o feodal_n and_o ministerial_a service_n whereas_o bocland_n as_o i_o say_v be_v free_a from_o all_o service_n not_o hold_v of_o any_o lord_n the_o very_a same_o that_o allodium_fw-la descendable_a according_a to_o the_o common_a course_n of_o nation_n and_o of_o nature_n unto_o all_o the_o son_n and_o therefore_o call_v gavelkind_a not_o restrain_v to_o the_o elder_a son_n as_o feodal_a land_n be_v not_o at_o first_o but_o devisable_v also_o by_o will_n and_o thereupon_o call_v terrae_fw-la testamentales_fw-la as_o the_o thane_n that_o possess_v they_o be_v say_v to_o be_v testamento_fw-la dignus_fw-la folcland_n folcland_n be_v terra_fw-la vulgi_fw-la the_o land_n of_o the_o vulgar_a people_n who_o have_v no_o estate_n therein_o but_o hold_v the_o same_o under_o such_o rent_n and_o service_n as_o be_v accustom_v or_o agree_v of_o at_o the_o will_v only_o of_o their_o lord_n the_o thane_n and_o it_o be_v therefore_o not_o put_v in_o writing_n but_o account_v proedium_fw-la rusticum_fw-la &_o ignobile_fw-la but_o both_o the_o great_a and_o the_o lesser_a thanes_z which_o possess_v bocland_n or_o hereditary_a land_n divide_v they_o according_a to_o the_o proportion_n of_o their_o estate_n inland_a into_o two_o sort_n i_o e._n into_o inland_n and_o outland_n 864._o the_o inland_n be_v that_o which_o lie_v next_o or_o most_o convenient_a for_o the_o lord_n mansion-house_n as_o within_o the_o view_n thereof_o and_o therefore_o they_o keep_v that_o part_n in_o their_o own_o hand_n for_o supportation_n of_o their_o family_n and_o hospitality_n the_o norman_n afterward_o call_v these_o land_n terras_fw-la dominicales_fw-la the_o demain_v or_o lord_n land_n the_o german_n terras_fw-la indominicatas_fw-la land_n in_o the_o lord_n be_v own_o use_n the_o feudist_n terras_fw-la curtiles_n or_o intra_fw-la curtem_fw-la land_n appropriate_a to_o the_o court_n or_o house_n of_o the_o lord_n outland_n outland_n be_v that_o which_o lie_v beyond_o or_o out_o from_o among_o the_o inland_n or_o demean_n and_o be_v not_o grant_v out_o to_o any_o tenant_n hereditary_o but_o like_o our_o copy-holds_a of_o ancient_a time_n have_v their_o original_n from_o thence_o mere_o at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o lord_n cujacius_n 12._o speak_v of_o this_o kind_n of_o land_n call_v it_o proprium_fw-la feudum_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v such_o land_n as_o be_v proper_o assign_v for_o feodal_n land_n proprium_fw-la feudum_fw-la est_fw-la say_v he_o extra_fw-la curtem_fw-la &_o consistit_fw-la in_o praediis_fw-la as_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v that_o land_n proper_o be_v a_o feud_n or_o feudal_n land_n which_o lie_v without_o the_o demain_v of_o the_o manor_n and_o consist_v in_o land_n not_o in_o house_n we_o now_o call_v this_o outland_n the_o tenant_n land_n or_o the_o tenancy_n and_o so_o it_o be_v translate_v out_o of_o biritrick_n will_n in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n 495._o this_o outland_n they_o subdivide_v into_o two_o part_n whereof_o one_o part_n they_o dispose_v among_o such_o as_o attend_v on_o their_o person_n either_o in_o war_n or_o peace_n call_v theoden_n or_o lesser_a thanes_z after_o the_o manner_n of_o knight_n fee_n but_o much_o differ_v from_o they_o of_o our_o time_n as_o by_o that_o which_o follow_v shall_v appear_v the_o other_o part_n they_o allot_v to_o their_o husbandman_n who_o they_o term_v ceorl_n that_o be_v carl_n or_o churl_n and_o of_o they_o we_o shall_v speak_v far_o by_o and_o by_o when_o we_o consider_v all_o the_o degree_n aforesaid_a beginning_n with_o the_o earl_n chap._n vi_o of_o earl_n among_o our_o saxon_n ancient_o a_o earl_n in_o the_o signification_n of_o comes_n be_v not_o original_o a_o degree_n of_o dignity_n as_o it_o be_v with_o we_o at_o this_o day_n but_o of_o office_n and_o judicature_n in_o some_o city_n or_o portion_n of_o the_o country_n circumscribe_v ancient_o with_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o bishopric_n of_o that_o diocese_n for_o that_o the_o bishop_n and_o the_o earl_n then_o sit_v together_o in_o one_o court_n and_o hear_v joint_o the_o cause_n of_o church_n and_o commonwealth_n as_o they_o yet_o do_v in_o parliament_n but_o in_o process_n of_o time_n the_o earl_n grow_v to_o have_v the_o government_n common_o of_o the_o chief_a city_n and_o castle_n of_o his_o territory_n and_o withal_o a_o three_o part_n of_o the_o king_n profit_n arise_v by_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n fines_n forfeiture_n escheat_n etc._n etc._n annex_v to_o the_o office_n of_o his_o earldom_n yet_o all_o this_o not_o otherwise_o than_o at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o king_n which_o common_o be_v upon_o good_a behaviour_n and_o but_o during_o life_n at_o most_o this_o be_v apparent_a by_o the_o severe_a injunction_n of_o king_n alfred_n the_o great_a labour_v 21._o to_o plant_v literature_n and_o knowledge_n among_o the_o ignorant_a earl_n and_o sheriff_n of_o his_o kingdom_n impose_v upon_o they_o that_o they_o shall_v forthwith_o in_o all_o diligence_n apply_v themselves_o to_o the_o study_n of_o wisdom_n and_o knowledge_n or_o else_o forgo_v their_o office_n herewith_o say_v asser_n menevensis_n who_o live_v at_o that_o time_n and_o be_v great_a with_o the_o king_n the_o earl_n and_o sheriff_n be_v so_o affright_v that_o they_o rather_o choose_v insuetam_fw-la disciplinam_fw-la quam_fw-la laboriose_fw-la discere_fw-la quam_fw-la potestatum_fw-la ministeria_fw-la dimittere_fw-la that_o be_v to_o go_v at_o last_o to_o the_o school_n of_o knowledge_n how_o painful_a soever_o rather_o than_o to_o lose_v their_o office_n of_o authority_n and_o degree_n of_o honour_n which_o alfred_n there_o also_o declare_v that_o they_o have_v not_o by_o inheritance_n but_o by_o god_n gift_n and_o he_o dei_fw-la say_v he_o ibid._n dono_fw-la &_o meo_fw-la sapientium_fw-la ministeria_fw-la &_o gradus_fw-la usurpatis_fw-la this_o be_v manifest_a by_o divers_a other_o authority_n and_o example_n in_o my_o glossary_n in_o verbo_fw-la comes_fw-la as_o the_o reader_n if_o he_o please_v may_v there_o see_v hereditary_a some_o conjecture_n that_o deira_n and_o bernicia_n in_o northumberland_n and_o mercia_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o england_n be_v feudal_n and_o hereditary_a earldom_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n those_o of_o northumberland_n present_o after_o their_o first_o arrival_n under_o hengistus_n about_o the_o year_n 447._o that_o of_o mercia_n by_o the_o gift_n of_o alfred_n the_o great_a about_o the_o year_n 900._o to_o ethelredus_fw-la a_o man_n of_o power_n in_o way_n of_o marriage_n with_o his_o daughter_n ethelfleda_n but_o for_o aught_o i_o see_v it_o be_v neither_o prove_v by_o the_o succession_n of_o those_o earldom_n nor_o our_o author_n of_o antiquity_n for_o my_o own_o part_n i_o think_v it_o not_o strange_a that_o there_o be_v not_o at_o the_o entry_n of_o the_o saxon_n a_o feudal_n and_o hereditary_a earldom_n in_o all_o christendom_n as_o for_o this_o our_o britain_n the_o misery_n of_o it_o than_o be_v such_o as_o it_o rather_o seem_v a_o anarchy_n and_o chaos_n than_o in_o any_o form_n of_o government_n little_o better_a even_o in_o alfred_n day_n through_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o dane_n though_o he_o at_o last_o subdue_v they_o for_o his_o time_n how_o soever_o three_o or_o four_o example_n in_o five_o hundred_o year_n before_o the_o conquest_n differ_v from_o the_o common_a use_n be_v no_o inference_n to_o overthrow_v it_o especial_o in_o time_n unsettled_a and_o tumultuous_a the_o noble_a earldom_n of_o arundel_n in_o our_o day_n of_o peace_n differ_v in_o constitution_n from_o all_o the_o other_o earldom_n of_o england_n yet_o that_o impeach_v not_o their_o common_a manner_n of_o succession_n france_n loyseau_n ●lt_n and_o pasquier_n learned_a frenchmen_n speak_v of_o the_o duke_n and_o earl_n of_o france_n which_o england_n ordinary_o follow_v and_o sometime_o too_o near_o the_o heel_n justify_v at_o large_a what_o i_o have_v say_v show_v the_o duke_n and_o earl_n in_o the_o roman_a empire_n from_o who_o example_n other_o every_o where_o be_v derive_v be_v like_o the_o proconsul_n and_o precedent_n of_o province_n simple_a officer_n who_o for_o their_o entertainment_n have_v nothing_o else_o but_o certain_a right_n and_o custom_n raise_v from_o the_o people_n which_o we_o in_o england_n call_v tertium_fw-la denarium_fw-la and_o that_o the_o duke_n and_o earl_n of_o france_n be_v officer_n in_o like_a manner_n but_o have_v the_o seigneurie_n of_o their_o territory_n annex_v to_o their_o office_n so_o that_o they_o be_v officer_n and_o vassal_n both_o at_o once_o that_o be_v to_o say_v officer_n by_o way_n of_o judicature_n and_o vassal_n who_o we_o call_v feodal_n tenant_n for_o their_o seignory_n of_o dukedom_n and_o

his_o great_a knowledge_n and_o that_o he_o live_v near_o to_o the_o conquest_n by_o two_o three_o part_n of_o the_o time_n than_o we_o do_v exchequer_n well_o there_o be_v yet_o a_o elder_a and_o one_o that_o may_v see_v some_o that_o live_v in_o the_o conqueror_n time_n the_o author_n of_o the_o black-book_n of_o the_o chequer_n who_o speak_v of_o the_o saxon_a law_n and_o those_o of_o the_o conqueror_n say_v cap._n 16._o fol._n 16._o b._n quasdam_fw-la reprobavit_fw-la quasdam_fw-la autem_fw-la approbans_fw-la illis_fw-la transmarinas_fw-la neustriae_fw-la id_fw-la est_fw-la normanniae_fw-la leges_fw-la quae_fw-la ad_fw-la regni_fw-la pacem_fw-la tuendam_fw-la efficacissimae_fw-la videbantur_fw-la adjecit_fw-la what_o be_v those_o neustrian_a law_n or_o what_o can_v they_o be_v in_o all_o the_o book_n of_o the_o law_n for_o preserve_v peace_n save_v military_a tenor_n and_o the_o exchequer_n itself_o where_o the_o cognisance_n of_o all_o these_o tenor_n lie_v be_v bring_v in_o also_o by_o the_o conqueror_n but_o ingulphus_n the_o abbot_n of_o croyland_n live_v long_o in_o the_o conqueror_n time_n and_o be_v one_o of_o his_o domestic_n or_o familiar_n as_o he_o term_v himself_o and_o by_o he_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o conqueror_n not_o only_o general_o dispossess_v the_o saxon_n and_o give_v their_o land_n to_o his_o norman_n and_o other_o but_o change_v also_o their_o manner_n of_o conveyance_n the_o form_n of_o their_o charter_n and_o the_o course_n of_o make_v knight_n whereupon_o all_o the_o rule_n of_o knight-service_n have_v since_o depend_v see_v his_o word_n p._n 901._o for_o at_o that_o time_n miles_n &_o per_fw-la militiam_fw-la tenens_fw-la be_v all_o one_o by_o glanvil_n testimony_n lib._n 7._o ca._n 3._o p._n 49._o but_o when_o all_o fail_v i_o hope_v they_o will_v believe_v the_o conqueror_n himself_o who_o in_o a_o charter_n of_o his_o law_n and_o a_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o we_o now_o call_v a_o parliament_n publish_v by_o mr._n lambard_n use_v these_o word_n statuimus_fw-la &_o sirmiter_fw-la praecipimus_fw-la ut_fw-la omnes_fw-la comites_fw-la &_o barones_n &_o milites_fw-la &_o servientes_fw-la &_o universi_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la praedicti_fw-la habeant_fw-la &_o teneant_fw-la se_fw-la semper_fw-la bene_fw-la in_o armis_fw-la &_o in_o equis_fw-la ut_fw-la decet_fw-la &_o oportet_fw-la et_fw-la quod_fw-la sint_fw-la semper_fw-la prompti_fw-la &_o parati_fw-la ad_fw-la servitium_fw-la suum_fw-la integrum_fw-la nobis_fw-la explendum_fw-la &_o peragendum_fw-la cum_fw-la semper_fw-la opus_fw-la adfuerit_fw-la secundum_fw-la quod_fw-la nobis_fw-la debent_fw-la de_fw-la feodis_fw-la &_o tenementis_fw-la suis_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la facere_fw-la &_o sicut_fw-la illis_fw-la statuimus_fw-la per_fw-la common_a consilium_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la praedicti_fw-la &_o illis_fw-la dedimus_fw-la &_o concessimus_fw-la in_o feodis_fw-la jure_fw-la haereditatio_fw-la hoc_fw-la praeceptum_fw-la non_fw-la sit_fw-la violatum_fw-la ullo_fw-la modo_fw-la super_fw-la forisfacturam_fw-la plenam_fw-la here_o the_o word_n statuimus_fw-la etc._n etc._n show_v that_o it_o be_v the_o conqueror_n institution_n and_o concessimus_fw-la in_o feodis_fw-la jure_fw-la haereditario_fw-la imply_v that_o feud_n be_v not_o hereditary_a before_o this_o grant_n but_o there_o may_v lie_v the_o same_o objection_n against_o it_o which_o myself_o make_v against_o the_o like_a in_o edw._n the_o confessor_n law_n that_o it_o be_v in_o a_o differ_a letter_n from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o text_n and_o not_o find_v in_o the_o copy_n leave_v unto_o we_o by_o roger_n hoveden_n i_o acknowledge_v it_o but_o i_o see_v that_o here_o every_o thing_n agree_v with_o the_o manner_n law_n time_n and_o idiom_n of_o the_o conqueror_n and_o i_o conceive_v that_o it_o be_v fall_v out_o as_o it_o do_v of_o old_a in_o the_o council_n of_o nice_a and_o sardis_n and_o many_o other_o too_o several_a council_n to_o be_v join_v together_o for_o hoveden_n mention_v his_o copy_n to_o be_v decretum_fw-la in_o civitate_fw-la claudia_n that_o be_v gloster_n but_o lambard_n his_o to_o be_v in_o civitate_fw-la londra_n london_n so_o that_o they_o seem_v two_o several_a constitution_n make_v at_o several_a time_n and_o place_n and_o here_o put_v together_o into_o one_o howsoever_o it_o be_v it_o be_v very_o observable_a for_o it_o discover_v that_o which_o elsewhere_o we_o meet_v not_o with_o so_o perspicuous_o relate_v that_o the_o great_a dignity_n of_o earl_n and_o baron_n or_o ministerial_a thanes_z which_o before_o be_v arbitrable_a or_o but_o for_o life_n and_o those_o also_o of_o the_o lesser_a sort_n which_o enjoy_v the_o knight_n fee_n no_o otherwise_o than_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n be_v either_o now_o erect_v with_o we_o or_o make_v hereditary_a according_a to_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o feodal_n law_n before_o recite_v till_o now_o therefore_o there_o can_v no_o wardship_n marriage_n relief_n or_o other_o feodal_n servitude_n thereupon_o depend_v be_v among_o we_o nor_o can_v the_o word_n feodum_fw-la be_v take_v for_o haereditas_fw-la the_o one_o be_v former_o contrary_a to_o the_o other_o for_o cujacius_n and_o the_o feudist_n feud_n lib._n 2._o tit._n 17._o p._n 166._o make_v proprietas_fw-la alodium_fw-la &_o haereditas_fw-la to_o be_v all_o one_o in_o feodal_n sense_n and_o feodum_fw-la to_o be_v contrary_a to_o they_o all_o as_o res_fw-la alienae_n proprietatis_fw-la servituti_fw-la obnoxia_fw-la &_o successionis_fw-la coercitae_fw-la and_o be_v until_o this_o time_n not_o hereditary_a but_o arbitrable_a the_o course_n be_v thus_o change_v by_o the_o conqueror_n be_v present_o pursue_v here_o in_o england_n according_a to_o the_o norman_a manner_n as_o appear_v in_o doomsday_n where_o it_o be_v say_v habet_fw-la in_o eodem_fw-la feudo_fw-la de_fw-la w._n comite_fw-la radulpho_n de_fw-fr limb_n 50_o carucat_n terrae_fw-la sicut_fw-la fit_a in_o normannia_n he_o join_v normannia_n with_o feudum_n as_o to_o show_v we_o whence_o it_o come_v and_o where_o we_o shall_v see_v the_o pattern_n of_o it_o disuse_v the_o old_a saxon_a manner_n of_o divide_v the_o kingdom_n by_o hide_n and_o levy_v soldier_n according_a to_o the_o hide_n grow_v now_o out_o of_o use_n and_o instead_o thereof_o the_o king_n war_n to_o be_v supply_v by_o knight_n fee_n the_o number_n whereof_o short_o after_o be_v account_v as_o sprott_n the_o monk_n of_o canterbury_n relate_v to_o 60215._o and_o of_o they_o he_o say_v 28115._o be_v in_o the_o clergy_n hand_n the_o norman_n also_o change_v the_o name_n of_o a_o hyde_n of_o land_n and_o call_v it_o carruè_fw-fr a_o plough_n land_n and_o as_o it_o seem_v in_o erect_v and_o lay_v forth_o their_o knight_n fee_n assign_v ordinary_o two_o carrue_n or_o plough_n land_n to_o a_o knight_n fee_n for_o it_o be_v note_v out_o of_o the_o black_a register_n of_o st._n edmunds-bury_a that_o will._n the_o conqueror_n give_v to_o baldwin_n then_o abbot_n there_o octoginta_fw-la carucatas_fw-la terrae_fw-la unde_fw-la feodaret_fw-la quadraginta_fw-la milites_fw-la and_o according_a to_o the_o rate_n of_o so_o much_o land_n in_o those_o time_n be_v a_o knight_n fee_n at_o this_o day_n value_v in_o the_o law_n book_n but_o at_o five_o pound_n chap._n xxviii_o the_o conclusion_n i_o will_v wander_v no_o further_o in_o this_o argument_n i_o suppose_v i_o may_v be_v bold_a out_o of_o that_o which_o be_v already_o say_v to_o conclude_v that_o i_o be_v not_o mistake_v in_o refer_v the_o original_n of_o our_o feud_n in_o england_n to_o the_o norman_a conquest_n and_o that_o my_o conjecture_n do_v not_o cross_v the_o force_n of_o any_o law_n but_o now_o i_o come_v to_o a_o end_n i_o must_v discover_v a_o great_a mistake_v commit_v by_o he_o that_o draw_v the_o breviate_v for_o the_o reverend_a judge_n for_o he_o have_v make_v we_o all_o on_o both_o side_n like_o pan_n in_o ovid_n to_o touse_v a_o reed-sheaf_n instead_o of_o syrinx_n or_o like_o ixion_n to_o embrace_v a_o cloud_n instead_o of_o juno_n to_o labour_n much_o about_o a_o surmised_a assertion_n of_o his_o own_o instead_o of_o that_o which_o i_o deliver_v the_o truth_n be_v i_o have_v no_o where_o refer_v the_o original_n of_o feud_n in_o england_n to_o the_o norman_a conquest_n nay_o when_o i_o speak_v of_o they_o i_o say_v habentur_fw-la plurima_fw-la quae_fw-la apprime_fw-la huc_fw-la conducunt_fw-la in_o anglo_n saxonum_n nostrorum_fw-la legibus_fw-la and_o this_o i_o still_o affirm_v but_o my_o word_n which_o he_o have_v much_o pervert_v be_v these_o feodorum_fw-la servitutes_fw-la in_o britanniam_fw-la nostram_fw-la primus_fw-la invexit_fw-la gulielmus_fw-la senior_fw-la it_o be_v neither_o my_o word_n nor_o my_o meaning_n to_o say_v that_o he_o first_o bring_v in_o either_o feud_n or_o military_a service_n in_o a_o general_a sense_n but_o that_o he_o bring_v in_o the_o servitude_n and_o grievance_n of_o feud_n viz._n wardship_n marriage_n and_o such_o like_a which_o to_o this_o day_n be_v never_o know_v to_o other_o nation_n that_o be_v govern_v by_o the_o feodal_n law_n there_o be_v great_a difference_n

also_o more_o particular_a hora_n nona_fw-la be_v here_o as_o in_o all_o author_n of_o that_o time_n intend_v for_o three_o of_o the_o clock_n in_o the_o afternoon_n be_v the_o nine_o hour_n of_o the_o artificial_a day_n wherein_o the_o saxon_n as_o other_o part_n of_o europe_n and_o our_o ancestor_n of_o much_o late_a time_n follow_v the_o judaical_a computation_n perhaps_o till_o the_o invention_n and_o use_n of_o clock_n give_v a_o just_a occasion_n to_o alter_v it_o for_o that_o they_o can_v not_o daily_o vary_v for_o the_o unequal_a hour_n chap._n x._o the_o constitution_n of_o william_n the_o conqueror_n this_o constitution_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n be_v among_o his_o other_o law_n confirm_v by_o william_n the_o coquerour_n as_o not_o only_a 600._o hoveden_n and_o those_o ancient_a author_n testify_v but_o by_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o conqueror_n himself_o in_o these_o word_n ms._n hoc_fw-la quoque_fw-la praecipio_fw-la ut_fw-la omnes_fw-la habeant_fw-la &_o teneant_fw-la leges_fw-la edwardi_fw-la in_o omnibus_fw-la rebus_fw-la adauctis_fw-la his_fw-la quae_fw-la constituimus_fw-la ad_fw-la utilitatem_fw-la anglorum_fw-la and_o in_o those_o auction_n nothing_o be_v add_v alter_v or_o speak_v concern_v any_o part_n of_o that_o constitution_n neither_o be_v it_o like_v that_o the_o conqueror_n do_v much_o innovate_v the_o course_n of_o our_o term_n or_o law-day_n see_v he_o hold_v they_o in_o his_o own_o duchy_n of_o normandy_n not_o far_o differ_v from_o the_o same_o manner_n have_v receive_v the_o custom_n of_o that_o his_o country_n from_o this_o of_o we_o by_o the_o hand_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n as_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o their_o old_a norman_n custumary_n themselves_o do_v acknowledge_v the_o word_n touch_v their_o law-day_n or_o trial_n be_v these_o under_o the_o title_n de_fw-fr temporibus_fw-la quibus_fw-la leges_fw-la non_fw-la debent_fw-la fieri_fw-la 80._o notandum_fw-la autem_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la quaedam_fw-la sunt_fw-la tempora_fw-la in_o quibus_fw-la leges_fw-la non_fw-la debent_fw-la fieri_fw-la nec_fw-la simplices_fw-la nec_fw-la apertae_fw-la viz._n omne_fw-la tempora_fw-la in_o quibus_fw-la matrimonia_fw-la non_fw-la possunt_fw-la celebrari_fw-la ecclesia_fw-la autem_fw-la legibus_fw-la apparentibus_fw-la omnes_fw-la dies_fw-la festivos_fw-la prohibet_fw-la &_o defendit_fw-la viz._n ab_fw-la hora_fw-la nona_fw-la die_v jovis_n usque_fw-la ad_fw-la ortum_fw-la solis_fw-la die_fw-la lunae_fw-la sequenti_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la dies_fw-la solennes_n novem_fw-la lectionum_fw-la &_o solennium_fw-la jejuniorum_fw-la &_o dedicationis_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la in_o qua_fw-la duellum_fw-la est_fw-la deducendum_fw-la this_o law_n do_v general_o inhibit_v all_o judicial_a proceed_n during_o the_o time_n wherein_o marriage_n be_v forbid_v and_o particular_o all_o trial_n by_o battle_n which_o the_o french_a and_o our_o 2._o glanvil_n call_v leges_fw-la apparentes_fw-la alias_o apparibiles_fw-la vulgar_o loix_fw-fr apparisans_n during_o the_o other_o time_n therein_o mention_v and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o the_o emperor_n frederick_n the_o second_o in_o his_o 31._o neapolitan_a constitution_n include_v the_o trial_n by_o ordeal_o under_o leges_fw-la paribiles_fw-la but_o touch_v the_o time_n wherein_o marriage_n be_v forbid_v it_o agree_v at_o that_o day_n with_o 9_o the_o vacation_n from_o lawbusiness_n prescribe_v by_o edward_n the_o confessor_n the_o church_n not_o think_v it_o reason_n that_o man_n abstain_v from_o litigation_n shall_v give_v themselves_o to_o lust_n quadrage_n and_o to_o feast_v and_o dance_v thing_n incident_a to_o marriage_n in_o which_o respect_n it_o also_o require_v that_o man_n and_o wife_n as_o near_o as_o they_o can_v shall_v at_o these_o time_n forbear_v the_o pleasure_n of_o their_o bed_n and_o give_v themselves_o to_o devotion_n and_o piety_n for_o though_o covetous_a person_n have_v since_o abuse_v that_o godly_a institution_n to_o their_o profit_n yet_o the_o father_n that_o be_v author_n of_o it_o in_o ilerdensi_fw-la concilio_n about_o 500_o year_n after_o christ_n aim_v at_o nothing_o but_o mere_o sanctity_n the_o time_n of_o marriage_n prohibit_v according_a to_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o church_n be_v these_o 65._o a_o prima_fw-la dominica_n adventus_n usque_fw-la ad_fw-la octavas_fw-la epiphaniae_fw-la exclusive_a &_o à_fw-fr dominica_n septuagesimae_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la primam_fw-la dominicam_fw-la post_fw-la pascha_fw-la inclusive_a &_o à_fw-la prima_fw-la die_fw-la rogationum_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la septimum_fw-la diem_fw-la festi_fw-la pentecostes_fw-la inclusive_a the_o law-vacation_n according_a to_o the_o prescription_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n be_v ab_fw-la ascensione_n domini_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la octabis_fw-la pentecostes_fw-la but_o here_o the_o wedding-vacation_n be_v three_o day_n before_o it_o viz._n à_fw-la prima_fw-la die_fw-la rogationum_fw-la which_o be_v according_a to_o the_o constitution_n de_fw-fr feriis_fw-la ca._n capellanus_fw-la so_o that_o the_o term-time_n and_o vacation_n of_o the_o english_a and_o norman_n be_v ancient_o all_o one_o and_o our_o ecclesiastical_a court_n hold_v it_o so_o to_o this_o day_n of_o the_o dies_fw-la novem_fw-la lectionum_fw-la before_o mention_v we_o shall_v speak_v anon_o chap._n xi_o what_o do_v by_o william_n rufus_n henry_n i._o king_n stephen_n and_o henry_n ii_o as_o for_o william_n rufus_n we_o read_v that_o he_o pull_v many_o land_n from_o the_o church_n but_o not_o that_o he_o abridge_v the_o vacation_n time_n assign_v to_o it_o henry_n i._o upon_o view_n of_o former_a constitution_n compose_v this_o law_n under_o the_o title_n de_fw-fr observatione_fw-la temporis_fw-la 62._o leges_fw-la faciendi_fw-la viz._n ab_fw-la adventu_fw-la domini_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la octabis_n epiphaniae_fw-la &_o à_fw-la septuagesima_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la 15._o dies_fw-la post_fw-la pascham_n &_o festis_fw-la diebus_fw-la &_o quatuor_fw-la temporum_fw-la &_o diebus_fw-la quadragesimalibus_fw-la &_o aliis_fw-la legitimis_fw-la jejuniis_fw-la in_fw-la diebus_fw-la veneris_fw-la &_o vigiliis_fw-la sanctorum_fw-la apostolorum_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la tempus_fw-la leges_fw-la faciendi_fw-la idem_fw-la vel_fw-la jusjurandum_fw-la nisi_fw-la primo_fw-la fidelitate_fw-la domini_fw-la vel_fw-la concordia_fw-la vel_fw-la bellum_fw-la vel_fw-la ferri_fw-la vel_fw-la aquae_fw-la vel_fw-la leges_fw-la exactionis_fw-la tractari_fw-la sed_fw-la sit_fw-la in_o omnibus_fw-la vera_fw-la pax_fw-la beata_fw-la charitas_fw-la ad_fw-la honorem_fw-la omnipotentis_fw-la dei_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o copy_n of_o these_o law_n be_v much_o corrupt_v and_o it_o appear_v by_o florence_n wigorn'_v continuer_n that_o the_o londoner_n refuse_v they_o and_o put_v maud_n the_o empress_n to_o a_o ignominious_a 1142._o flight_n when_o she_o press_v the_o observation_n of_o they_o but_o in_o this_o particular_a branch_n there_o be_v nothing_o not_o agreeable_a to_o some_o former_a constitution_n the_o word_n bellum_n here_o signify_v combat_n which_o among_o our_o saxon_n be_v not_o speak_v of_o and_o by_o those_o of_o ferri_n vel_fw-la aquae_fw-la be_v mean_v ordeal_o king_n stephen_n by_o his_o charter_n recite_v at_o malmesbury_n confirm_v and_o establish_v by_o a_o generality_n 179._o bonas_n leges_fw-la &_o antiquas_fw-la &_o justas_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la henry_n the_o ii_o express_o ratify_v the_o law_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n and_o william_n the_o conqueror_n as_o 600._o hoveden_n tell_v we_o say_v that_o he_o do_v it_o by_o the_o advice_n of_o ranulph_n glanvil_n then_o new_o make_v chief_a justice_n of_o england_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v true_a for_o that_o 11._o glanvil_n do_v according_o make_v some_o of_o his_o writ_n returnable_a in_o octabis_n or_o clauso_fw-la paschae_fw-la where_o the_o law_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n appoint_v the_o end_n of_o lent_n vacation_n and_o scacc._n gervasius_n tilburiensis_n also_o mention_v the_o same_o return_n yet_o the_o mss._n law_n of_o 62._o henry_n ii_o which_o remain_v in_o the_o red-book_n of_o the_o exchequer_n follow_v the_o synod_n of_o eanham_n extend_v lend_v vacation_n à_fw-la septuagesima_fw-la usque_fw-la 15._o dies_fw-la post_fw-la pascha_fw-la and_o lay_v out_o the_o whole_a frame_n of_o the_o year_n in_o this_o manner_n under_o the_o rubric_n de_fw-fr observatione_fw-la temporis_fw-la leges_fw-la faciendi_fw-la viz._n ab_fw-la adventu_fw-la domini_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la octabis_n epiphaniae_fw-la &_o a_o septuagesima_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la quindecim_fw-la dies_fw-la post_fw-la pascha_fw-la &_o festis_fw-la diebus_fw-la &_o quatuor_fw-la temporum_fw-la &_o diebus_fw-la quadragesimalibus_fw-la &_o aliis_fw-la legitimis_fw-la jejuniis_fw-la in_o diebus_fw-la veneris_fw-la &_o vigiliis_fw-la singulorum_fw-la apostolorum_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la tempus_fw-la leges_fw-la faciendi_fw-la idem_fw-la vel_fw-la jusjurandum_fw-la nisi_fw-la primo_fw-la fidelitate_fw-la domini_fw-la vel_fw-la concordia_fw-la vel_fw-la bellum_fw-la vel_fw-la ferri_fw-la vel_fw-la aquae_fw-la vel_fw-la legis_fw-la examinationis_fw-la tractari_fw-la sed_fw-la sit_fw-la in_o omnibus_fw-la vera_fw-la pax_fw-la &_o beata_fw-la charitas_fw-la ad_fw-la honorem_fw-la omnipotentis_fw-la cujus_fw-la sapientia_fw-la conditi_fw-la sumus_fw-la nativitate_fw-la provecti_fw-la morte_fw-la redempti_fw-la consolation_n securi_fw-la &_o qui_fw-la debtor_n est_fw-la persolvat_fw-la ante_fw-la vel_fw-la induciet_fw-la donec_fw-la dies_fw-la isti_fw-la transeant_fw-la gaudiis_fw-la &_o honestis_fw-la voluptatibus_fw-la instituti_fw-la et_fw-la si_fw-la quis_fw-la maleficium_fw-la

inter_fw-la manus_fw-la habens_fw-la alicubi_fw-la retinetur_fw-la ibi_fw-la purgetur_fw-la vel_fw-la sordidetur_fw-la si_fw-la solum_fw-la inculpatio_fw-la plegiis_fw-la si_fw-la opus_fw-la est_fw-la datis_fw-la ubi_fw-la justum_fw-la fuerit_fw-la terminanda_fw-la revertatur_fw-la chap._n xii_o the_o term_n lay_v out_o according_a to_o these_o ancient_a law_n to_o lay_v out_o now_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o term_n according_a to_o these_o canon_n and_o constitution_n especial_o that_o ancient_a law_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n it_o thus_o appear_v viz._n 〈…〉_z hilary-term_n begin_v then_o certain_o at_o octabis_n epiphaniae_fw-la that_o be_v the_o thirteen_o day_n of_o january_n seven_o day_n before_o the_o first_o return_v it_o now_o have_v and_o nine_o day_n before_o our_o term_n begin_v and_o end_v at_o the_o saturday_n next_o before_o septuagesima_fw-la which_o be_v movable_a make_v this_o term_n long_o in_o some_o year_n than_o in_o other_o florentius_n wigorniensis_n and_o walsingham_n in_o his_o 124_o hypodigma_fw-la neustriae_fw-la say_v anno_fw-la 1096._o in_o octabis_n epiphaniae_fw-la apud_fw-la sarisburiam_fw-la rex_fw-la gulielmus_fw-la rufus_n tenuit_fw-la consilium_fw-la in_o quo_fw-la jussit_fw-la gulielmi_n de_fw-la anco_fw-la in_o duello_n victi_fw-la oculos_fw-la eruere_fw-la &_o testiculos_fw-la abscindere_fw-la &_o dapiferum_fw-la illius_fw-la gulielmum_fw-la de_fw-la alderi_fw-la filium_fw-la amitae_fw-la illius_fw-la suspendi_fw-la etc._n etc._n proceed_v also_o judicial_o against_o other_o though_o walsingham_n call_v this_o consilium_fw-la with_o a_o s_o a_o counsel_n and_o wigorniensis_fw-la concilium_fw-la with_o a_o c_o a_o assembly_n the_o word_n term_v perhaps_o not_o be_v in_o use_n under_o william_n rufus_n yet_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v no_o other_o than_o a_o assembly_n of_o the_o baron_n in_o the_o king_n house_n or_o court_n of_o state_n which_o be_v then_o the_o ordinary_a place_n of_o justice_n for_o crime_n of_o this_o nature_n for_o the_o baron_n of_o the_o land_n be_v at_o that_o time_n judge_n of_o all_o cause_n which_o we_o call_v plea_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o of_o all_o other_o belong_v to_o the_o court_n of_o the_o king_n the_o proceed_v also_o against_o these_o offender_n seem_v mere_o legal_a and_o not_o parliamentary_a or_o ex_fw-la arbitrio_fw-la for_o the_o trial_n be_v according_a to_o law_n by_o battle_n and_o the_o judgement_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o time_n by_o put_v out_o the_o eye_n and_o mutilation_n of_o the_o privy_a member_n as_o for_o put_v man_n to_o death_n i_o confess_v that_o it_o be_v not_o at_o this_o time_n ordinary_a for_o 19_o william_n the_o conqueror_n have_v make_v a_o law_n interdico_fw-la nequis_fw-la occidatur_fw-la vel_fw-la suspendatur_fw-la pro_fw-la aliqua_fw-la culpa_fw-la sed_fw-la eruantur_fw-la oculi_fw-la &_o abscindantur_fw-la testiculi_fw-la but_o as_o himself_o observe_v it_o not_o so_o his_o son_n make_v not_o nice_a in_o break_v of_o it_o and_o i_o think_v the_o baron_n of_o that_o time_n do_v in_o many_o thing_n especial_o crime_n of_o treason_n ex_fw-la arbitrio_fw-la judicare_fw-la beside_o this_o if_o it_o have_v be_v other_o than_o a_o ordinary_a course_n of_o justice_n they_o will_v not_o have_v call_v it_o consilium_fw-la or_o concilium_fw-la simple_o but_o magnum_fw-la concilium_fw-la or_o commune_v concilium_fw-la regni_fw-la as_o the_o phrase_n than_o be_v for_o parliament_n last_o though_o it_o have_v be_v a_o parliament_n yet_o they_o can_v not_o or_o at_o least_o they_o will_v not_o break_v the_o constitution_n of_o the_o church_n by_o meddle_v with_o trial_n of_o crime_n and_o blood_n in_o diebus_fw-la pacis_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la and_o therefore_o we_o must_v conceive_v it_o to_o be_v do_v in_o termtime_n &_o diebus_fw-la pacis_fw-la regis_fw-la as_o the_o canon_n allege_v and_o assign_v it_o i_o meet_v also_o with_o a_o precedent_n to_o this_o purpose_n in_o 72._o radevicus_n under_o the_o year_n 1160._o whereby_o it_o appear_v that_o they_o begin_v their_o term_n or_o law-day_n likewise_o beyond_o the_o sea_n at_o octabis_n epiphaniae_fw-la curia_fw-la say_v he_o quae_fw-la in_fw-la octavis_fw-la epiphaniae_fw-la papiae_fw-la fuerat_fw-la indicta_fw-la usque_fw-la in_o sextam_fw-la feriam_fw-la proxime_fw-la ante_fw-la caput_fw-la jejunii_fw-la quia_fw-la in_fw-la destructione_n cremae_n dominus_fw-la imperator_fw-la detinebatur_fw-la est_fw-la dilata_fw-la 〈◊〉_d the_o norman_a custumary_n show_v also_o express_o that_o this_o term_n begin_v at_o octabis_n epiphaniae_fw-la in_o say_v that_o their_o law-day_n begin_v and_o go_v out_o with_o the_o time_n of_o celebrate_v marriage_n which_o in_o this_o part_n of_o the_o year_n as_o we_o show_v before_o come_v in_o at_o octab._n epiphaniae_fw-la and_o go_v out_o at_o septuagesima_fw-la as_o it_o still_o do_v and_o the_o court_n of_o the_o arch_n do_v still_o hold_v the_o same_o beginning_n the_o exchequer_n also_o be_v bring_v out_o of_o normandy_n seem_v to_o retain_v at_o this_o day_n the_o step_n of_o the_o norman_a custume_n for_o in_o that_o it_o open_v eight_o day_n before_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o term_n it_o open_v upon_o the_o matter_n at_o octabis_n epiphaniae_fw-la by_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o it_o be_v then_o no_o vacation_n and_o that_o the_o term_n be_v begin_v at_o octabis_n epiphaniae_fw-la whereby_o it_o be_v the_o likely_a also_o that_o it_o end_v at_o septuagesima_fw-la lest_o beginning_n it_o as_o we_o now_o do_v it_o may_v fall_v out_o some_o year_n to_o have_v no_o hilary-term_n at_o all_o as_o shall_v anon_o appear_v and_o this_o our_o ancient_a use_n of_o end_v the_o term_n at_o septuagesima_fw-la be_v some_o inducement_n to_o think_v the_o council_n of_o erpford_n be_v deprave_v and_o that_o the_o word_n there_o quinquagesima_fw-la shall_v be_v septuagesima_fw-la as_o the_o gloss_n there_o report_v it_o to_o be_v in_o some_o other_o place_n and_o as_o well_o gratian_n mistake_v this_o as_o he_o have_v do_v the_o council_n 3._o itself_o attribute_v it_o to_o ephesus_z a_o city_n of_o jonia_n instead_o of_o erpford_n a_o town_n in_o germany_n where_o burchard_n before_o he_o and_o binius_fw-la since_o do_v now_o place_v it_o agard_n it_o come_v here_o to_o my_o mind_n what_o i_o have_v hear_v a_o old_a chequerman_n many_o year_n ago_o report_n that_o this_o term_n and_o trinity-term_n be_v in_o ancient_a time_n either_o no_o term_n at_o all_o or_o but_o as_o relic_n of_o michaelmass_n and_o easter-term_n rather_o than_o just_a term_n of_o themselves_o some_o course_n of_o the_o chequer_n yet_o incline_v to_o it_o and_o we_o be_v both_o of_o the_o mind_n that_o want_v of_o business_n which_o no_o doubt_n in_o those_o day_n be_v very_o little_a by_o reason_n suit_n be_v then_o for_o the_o most_o part_n determine_v in_o inferior_a court_n may_v be_v the_o cause_n thereof_o but_o i_o since_o observe_v another_o cause_n viz._n that_o septuagesima_fw-la or_o church-time_n one_o while_o tread_v so_o near_o upon_o the_o heel_n of_o octabis_n epiphaniae_fw-la i_o mean_v come_v so_o soon_o after_o it_o as_o it_o leave_v not_o a_o whole_a week_n for_o hilary-term_n and_o again_o another_o while_n trinity_n sunday_n fall_v out_o so_o late_a in_o the_o year_n that_o the_o common_a necessity_n of_o hay-seed_n and_o harvest_n make_v that_o term_n very_o little_a and_o unfrequented_a for_o insomuch_o as_o easter_n which_o be_v the_o clavis_fw-la as_o well_o to_o shut_v up_o hilary-term_n as_o to_o open_a trinity-term_n may_v according_a to_o the_o general_a council_n of_o nice_a hold_v in_o the_o year_n 322._o fall_v upon_o any_o day_n between_o the_o 21_o sy_n of_o march_n exclusive_o which_o then_o be_v the_o aequinoctium_n and_o the_o 25._o of_o april_n inclusive_o as_o the_o far_a day_n that_o the_o sunday_n follow_v the_o vernal_a fullmoon_n can_v happen_v upon_o septuagesima_fw-la may_v sometime_o be_v upon_o the_o eighteen_o of_o january_n and_o then_o can_v they_o in_o ancient_a time_n not_o have_v above_o four_o day_n term_n and_o we_o at_o this_o day_n no_o term_n at_o all_o because_o we_o begin_v it_o not_o till_o the_o 23_o d._n of_o january_n which_o may_v be_v six_o day_n after_o septuagesima_fw-la and_o within_o the_o time_n of_o church-vacation_n but_o what_o hilary-term_n have_v now_o lose_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o it_o it_o have_v gain_v at_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o trinity-term_n i_o shall_v speak_v more_o by_o and_o by_o chap._n xiii_o easter-term_n easter-term_n which_o now_o begin_v two_o day_n after_o quindena_fw-la paschae_fw-la begin_v then_o as_o the_o law_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n appoint_v it_o at_o octabis_n this_o be_v verify_v by_o glanvil_n who_o make_v one_o of_o his_o writ_n returnable_a thus_o rex_fw-la etc._n etc._n summon_v per_fw-mi bonos_fw-es summonitores_fw-la quatuor_fw-la legales_fw-la milites_fw-la de_fw-la vicineto_fw-la de_fw-fr stock_n quod_fw-la sint_fw-la ad_fw-la clausum_fw-la paschae_fw-la coram_fw-la i_o vel_fw-la justiciis_fw-la meis_fw-la apud_fw-la westmonasterium_fw-la ad_fw-la eligendum_fw-la supra_fw-la sacramentum_fw-la suum_fw-la duodecim_fw-la legales_fw-la milites_fw-la but_o as_o it_o begin_v then_o nine_o day_n

health_n be_v there_o in_o let_v off_o a_o cross-bow_n wherein_o neither_o head_n hand_n nor_o foot_n no_o not_o the_o nimble_a member_n of_o the_o body_n the_o eye_n stir_v all_o that_o while_n five_o the_o canon_n have_v sy_n saepius_fw-la detentus_fw-la fuerit_fw-la if_o he_o make_v a_o life_n or_o occupation_n of_o it_o which_o his_o lordship_n do_v not_o burchard_n say_v detectus_fw-la and_o with_o more_o reason_n and_o i_o suppose_v his_o lordship_n use_v it_o very_o temperate_o yet_o the_o apologist_n in_o his_o five_o section_n insinuate_v that_o his_o lordship_n do_v it_o often_o six_o whereas_o he_o say_v that_o the_o canon_n speak_v against_o clamosa_fw-la venatio_fw-la not_o quieta_fw-la or_o modesta_fw-la i_o find_v no_o such_o word_n or_o distinction_n in_o the_o canon_n yet_o be_v there_o no_o doubt_n that_o if_o the_o deer_n be_v not_o kill_v out_o of_o hand_n but_o in_o recover_v he_o there_o must_v be_v both_o clamour_v and_o venatio_n thus_o he_o count_v the_o mouth_n of_o the_o canon_n to_o be_v stop_v yet_o because_o it_o be_v good_a to_o make_v sure_a work_n with_o so_o dangerous_a a_o object_n now_o he_o set_v law_n upon_o law_n the_o common_a against_o the_o canon_n or_o at_o least_o the_o statute_n which_o indeed_o have_v crack_v a_o great_a sort_n of_o canon_n that_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o henry_n viii_o 35._o ca._n 16._o no_o canon_n be_v in_o force_n in_o england_n which_o be_v not_o in_o use_n or_o be_v contrary_a or_o derogatory_n to_o the_o law_n or_o statute_n of_o this_o realm_n or_o to_o the_o prerogative_n of_o the_o royal_a crown_n of_o which_o sort_n he_o say_v this_o be_v one_o and_o give_v his_o reason_n for_o in_o charta_fw-la de_fw-fr foresta_n archbishop_n and_o bishop_n by_o name_n have_v liberty_n to_o hunt_n and_o 13._o ric._n ii_o ca._n 13._o a_o clergyman_n who_o have_v 10l._o by_o the_o year_n may_v keep_v greyhound_n to_o hunt_n the_o name_n of_o charta_fw-la de_fw-fr foresta_n and_o also_o of_o hunt_v be_v clero_fw-la lachrimabile_fw-la nomen_fw-la for_o the_o first_o breach_n that_o ever_o be_v make_v into_o the_o freedom_n of_o clergyman_n and_o which_o give_v passage_n to_o all_o that_o follow_v rose_z from_o the_o occasion_n of_o clergyman_n hunt_v in_o forest_n which_o henry_n ii_o great_o discontent_v with_o never_o rest_v till_o by_o assent_n of_o the_o pope_n legate_n hugo_n petro-leonis_a he_o obtain_v a_o law_n in_o the_o twenty_o first_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n an._n dom._n 1157._o to_o convent_v they_o therefore_o before_o secular_a judge_n and_o there_o to_o punish_v they_o but_o to_o our_o purpose_n there_o be_v no_o contradiction_n as_o i_o take_v it_o between_o the_o canon_n de_fw-fr clerico_n venatore_fw-la and_o charta_fw-la or_o statutum_n de_fw-fr foresta_n the_o canon_n do_v say_v they_o shall_v not_o hunt_n and_o the_o statute_n do_v not_o say_v they_o shall_v the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n ca._n 17._o be_v thus_o a_o archbishop_n bishop_n earl_n or_o baron_n come_v to_o we_o upon_o our_o command_n and_o pass_v through_o our_o forest_n liccat_fw-la ei_fw-la capere_fw-la unam_fw-la bestiam_fw-la vel_fw-la dvas_fw-la per_fw-la visum_fw-la forestarii_fw-la si_fw-la praesens_fw-la fuerit_fw-la sin_n autem_fw-la faciat_fw-la cornare_fw-la ne_fw-la videatur_fw-la furtum_fw-la facere_fw-la here_o be_v no_o word_n of_o hunt_v but_o that_o they_o may_v take_v a_o deer_n and_o this_o they_o will_v say_v can_v be_v but_o either_o with_o dog_n or_o engine_n and_o so_o consequent_o by_o hunt_v but_o the_o very_a word_n of_o charta_fw-la de_fw-fr foresta_n seem_v to_o show_v that_o it_o be_v not_o mean_v the_o bishop_n shall_v be_v a_o huntsman_n for_o that_o it_o admit_v he_o not_o to_o have_v so_o much_o skill_n in_o hunt_v as_o to_o wind_v a_o horn_n though_o that_o by_o no_o law_n or_o canon_n be_v forbid_v to_o he_o and_o therefore_o say_v not_o corniat_fw-la ipse_fw-la but_o faciat_fw-la corniare_fw-la let_v he_o cause_v a_o horn_n to_o be_v blow_v etc._n etc._n i_o conceive_v the_o meaning_n to_o be_v that_o the_o bishop_n and_o baron_n shall_v each_o of_o they_o take_v as_o they_o may_v the_o baron_n by_o hunt_v if_o they_o will_v in_o their_o own_o person_n the_o bishop_n as_o they_o may_v by_o the_o hand_n of_o their_o officer_n and_o servant_n it_o be_v a_o common_a phrase_n in_o all_o old_a charter_n that_o the_o bishop_n shall_v have_v sac_n and_o soc_n toll_n and_o team_n etc._n etc._n i._n e._n cognisance_n of_o plea_n suit_n of_o court_n towle_z and_o such_o other_o custom_n shall_v we_o intend_v that_o he_o must_v take_v these_o in_o his_o own_o person_n no_o it_o be_v not_o henry_n the_o three_o meaning_n when_o he_o grant_v the_o charter_n of_o the_o forest_n to_o break_v the_o law_n of_o the_o church_n for_o at_o the_o same_o time_n in_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la ca._n 1._o he_o grant_v that_o the_o church_n shall_v have_v omnia_fw-la jura_fw-la sua_fw-la integra_fw-la &_o libertates_fw-la svas_fw-la illaesas_fw-la which_o can_v not_o possible_o be_v if_o by_o his_o charter_n he_o change_v the_o canon_n of_o the_o church_n especial_o in_o matter_n of_o doctrine_n and_o conscience_n as_o when_o the_o church_n teach_v that_o a_o clerk_n may_v not_o be_v a_o huntsman_n for_o he_o to_o say_v that_o he_o shall_v be_v doubtless_o if_o he_o will_v the_o clergy_n will_v not_o then_o accept_v it_o in_o the_o person_n of_o a_o bishop_n there_o be_v three_o distinct_a faculty_n his_o spiritual_a function_n wherein_o he_o be_v a_o bishop_n his_o legal_a ability_n wherein_o he_o be_v a_o layman_n and_o have_v liberty_n to_o contract_n etc._n etc._n and_o his_o temporal_a dignity_n wherein_o he_o be_v a_o baron_n and_o peer_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o participate_v their_o privilege_n i_o can_v put_v case_n wherein_o every_o of_o these_o may_v be_v see_v sever_v from_o the_o other_o but_o i_o shall_v then_o wander_v from_o my_o matter_n only_o i_o present_v they_o thus_o anatomy_v that_o it_o may_v appear_v what_o portion_n the_o church_n have_v in_o they_o what_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o what_o the_o king_n that_o so_o it_o may_v also_o the_o better_a appear_v how_o the_o law_n both_o of_o the_o church_n and_o kingdom_n be_v to_o be_v apply_v unto_o they_o respective_o when_o therefore_o the_o king_n grant_v temporal_a land_n unto_o they_o though_o they_o take_v they_o as_o lay-baron_n and_o in_o their_o temporal_a capacity_n yet_o may_v they_o not_o otherwise_o use_v they_o than_o may_v stand_v with_o their_o spiritual_a function_n no_o more_o than_o when_o he_o grant_v ecclesiastical_a possession_n to_o a_o layman_n the_o grantee_n may_v otherwise_o use_v they_o than_o as_o a_o layman_n for_o example_n it_o be_v a_o common_a thing_n in_o old_a time_n that_o the_o king_n grant_v church_n to_o layman_n by_o the_o name_n of_o ecclesiam_fw-la de_fw-fr dale_n and_o ecclesiam_fw-la de_fw-fr sale_n yet_o it_o be_v never_o intend_v that_o the_o grantee_n though_o he_o have_v the_o church_n to_o order_n and_o dispose_v shall_v contrary_a to_o his_o vocation_n meddle_v with_o the_o divine_a service_n but_o present_v his_o clerk_n only_o so_o in_o like_a manner_n when_o the_o king_n grant_v to_o clergyman_n chase_n park_n and_o warren_n it_o be_v not_o intend_v that_o contrary_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o their_o profession_n and_o law_n of_o the_o church_n they_o shall_v or_o may_v become_v hunter_n and_o forester_n my_o long_a stay_n upon_o this_o point_n be_v a_o preparative_n to_o a_o answer_n to_o the_o next_o which_o be_v the_o statute_n of_o ric._n ii_o be_v in_o the_o negative_a that_o no_o priest_n nor_o other_o clerk_n not_o advance_v to_o 10l._o a_o year_n shall_v have_v or_o keep_v any_o greyhound_n nor_o other_o dog_n to_o hunt_n nor_o they_o shall_v not_o use_v ferret_n hay_n net_n hare-pipe_n nor_o cord_n nor_o other_o engine_n for_o to_o take_v and_o destroy_v dear_a hare_n nor_o coney_n etc._n etc._n upon_o pain_n of_o one_o year_n imprisonment_n the_o statute_n i_o say_v be_v in_o the_o negative_a and_o say_v that_o none_o under_o 10l._o a_o year_n shall_v keep_v but_o say_v not_o in_o the_o affirmative_a that_o it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a for_o they_o that_o have_v 10l._o a_o year_n to_o keep_v etc._n etc._n i_o shall_v therefore_o think_v that_o this_o statute_n do_v not_o discharge_v a_o priest_n have_v 10l._o a_o year_n and_o use_v hunting_n against_o the_o canon-law_n no_o more_o than_o the_o statute_n of_o usury_n forbid_v a_o man_n to_o take_v above_o 10l._o loan_n for_o a_o 100_o l_o give_v he_o liberty_n to_o take_v that_o 10l._o or_o do_v discharge_v he_o against_o the_o canon_n of_o usury_n touch_v his_o inference_n that_o linwood_n speak_v not_o one_o word_n against_o hunt_v simple_o by_o clergyman_n but_o against_o their_o use_v it_o in_o place_n restrain_v it_o be_v true_a for_o the_o text_n of_o

another_o as_o it_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o france_n itself_o when_o the_o roman_a emperor_n grow_v potent_a in_o germany_n and_o the_o german_a prince_n come_v to_o be_v emperor_n the_o german_n general_o forsake_v their_o ancient_a custom_n speak_v of_o by_o tacitus_n and_o receive_v the_o roman_a law_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o angli_fw-la that_o remain_v in_o germany_n and_o come_v not_o over_o into_o england_n make_v a_o law_n 485._o about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 900._o that_o it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a for_o a_o freeman_n to_o dispose_v his_o inheritance_n by_o will_n as_o he_o please_v 23._o the_o norman_n keep_v the_o old_a custom_n 414._o in_o part_n and_o leave_v it_o in_o the_o other_o part_n they_o suffer_v he_o that_o have_v neither_o wife_n nor_o child_n if_o he_o be_v twenty_o year_n old_a to_o make_v a_o will_n and_o bequeath_v his_o movable_a good_n as_o he_o list_v either_o to_o or_o from_o his_o kindred_n so_o likewise_o if_o he_o 420._o be_v marry_v and_o his_o wife_n dead_a have_v child_n 418._o he_o can_v dispose_v but_o of_o a_o three_o part_n and_o so_o may_v man_n or_o woman_n of_o 16._o year_n old_a but_o land_n which_o they_o according_a to_o the_o civilian_n call_v immovable_a good_n no_o man_n 415._o among_o they_o may_v dispose_v of_o by_o his_o will._n in_o some_o other_o part_n of_o france_n 412._o as_o in_o champain_n they_o dispose_v both_o movable_a and_o immovable_a that_o be_v good_n and_o land_n according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n the_o civil_a law_n custom_n they_o call_v lex_fw-la romana_fw-la the_o other_o lex_fw-la barbara_n our_o saxon_a ancestor_n by_o direction_n of_o their_o clergy_n who_o chief_o affect_v the_o roman_a manner_n seem_v also_o to_o have_v observe_v the_o civil_a law_n in_o make_v of_o will_n both_o in_o substance_n for_o dispose_v land_n and_o good_n and_o much_o in_o the_o form_n and_o ceremony_n of_o make_v and_o publish_v the_o same_o as_o carolus_n magnus_n 31._o in_o france_n dispose_v the_o land_n of_o his_o great_a dominion_n between_o his_o three_o son_n lewis_z pepin_n and_o charles_n by_o his_o last_o will._n so_o by_o his_o example_n king_n ethelwulfus_n 22._o here_o divide_v his_o land_n by_o his_o will_n between_o his_o three_o son_n aethelbald_n aethelred_n and_o aelfred_n king_n aelfred_n predict_v in_o the_o like_a manner_n dispose_v both_o his_o land_n and_o good_n by_o his_o will_n now_o extant_a and_o many_o other_o saxon_n 130._o by_o their_o will_n in_o writing_n bequeath_v land_n and_o good_n with_o their_o body_n unto_o monastery_n that_o herein_o they_o follow_v the_o civil_a law_n be_v manifest_a by_o the_o saxon_a will_n of_o birtrick_n 492._o and_o elf●uith_n his_o wife_n make_v about_o the_o year_n 980._o according_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o that_o time_n by_o they_o both_o joint_o first_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v make_v in_o calatis_fw-la comitiis_fw-la ut_fw-la that_o be_v in_o a_o assembly_n call_v together_o for_o that_o purpose_n then_o whereas_o the_o civil_a law_n cum_fw-la require_v necessary_o vii_o witness_n here_o be_v a_o dozen_o lest_o it_o may_v be_v defective_a in_o that_o one_o be_v a_o woman_n and_o autem_fw-la some_o other_o under_o age_n or_o bondman_n the_o disposition_n of_o land_n as_o well_o as_o of_o good_n be_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o therefore_o the_o course_n be_v more_o solemn_a which_o also_o this_o well_o observe_v both_o for_o dispose_v land_n and_o good_n and_o also_o for_o the_o solemnity_n of_o the_o course_n but_o most_o evident_o it_o appear_v to_o be_v according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n in_o that_o the_o man_n and_o his_o wife_n join_v both_o together_o in_o it_o which_o be_v neither_o in_o use_n nor_o resolve_v to_o be_v good_a till_o the_o novel_a constitution_n 4._o of_o theodosius_n and_o valentinian_n do_v authorise_v it_o after_o this_o constitution_n that_o kind_a of_o testament_n become_v so_o common_a that_o marculfus_n 17._o who_o live_v about_o the_o year_n 660._o have_v leave_v unto_o we_o a_o especial_a formula_fw-la or_o precedent_n of_o it_o as_o it_o be_v then_o in_o use_n in_o france_n and_o say_v in_o it_o that_o it_o be_v ut_fw-la romanae_fw-la legis_fw-la decrevit_fw-la authoritas_fw-la and_o conclude_v it_o with_o a_o imprecation_n or_o curse_n against_o such_o as_o shall_v violate_v it_o as_o do_v also_o the_o will_n of_o birtrick_n with_o the_o like_a solemnity_n of_o witness_n eight_o in_o number_n beside_o a_o lady_n do_v elfere_v another_o saxon_a before_o birtrick_n bequeath_v the_o town_n or_o land_n of_o snodland_n to_o the_o church_n of_o s._n andrews_n of_o the_o probate_n of_o will_n or_o testament_n after_o the_o will_n be_v thus_o compose_v the_o roman_a use_n quis_fw-la be_v to_o have_v the_o testator_n and_o witness_n to_o subscribe_v it_o then_o bind_v it_o up_o close_o with_o thread_n to_o seal_v it_o with_o their_o seal_n which_o upon_o produce_v of_o it_o they_o or_o many_o of_o they_o be_v to_o view_v and_o acknowledge_v before_o the_o praetor_n or_o judge_n and_o then_o 566._o rupto_fw-la lino_n the_o thread_n be_v cut_v it_o be_v open_v and_o publish_v and_o copy_n of_o it_o deliver_v to_o the_o party_n under_o a_o public_a seal_n the_o original_a remain_v in_o the_o public_a register_n the_o ancient_a manner_n of_o open_v publish_v or_o as_o we_o call_v it_o prove_v of_o will_n before_o the_o magister_n census_n be_v describe_v by_o 18._o john_n fabri_fw-la but_o near_a to_o our_o purpose_n be_v that_o in_o the_o formulae_fw-la of_o marculfus_n 38._o of_o a_o will_n prove_v in_o a_o city_n or_o corporation_n before_o the_o magistrate_n there_o or_o of_o a_o town_n before_o the_o defensor_fw-la plebis_fw-la for_o a_o will_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o the_o use_n of_o our_o neighbour_n nation_n may_v be_v prove_v before_o divers_a officer_n and_o in_o divers_a place_n we_o already_o mention_v the_o praetor_n but_o 554._o justiman_n the_o emperor_n ordain_v that_o in_o rome_n none_o shall_v be_v open_v save_o by_o the_o magister_n census_n in_o the_o province_n by_o a_o constitution_n of_o theodosius_n 8._o the_o rectores_fw-la provinciarum_fw-la and_o where_o the_o access_n to_o they_o be_v uneasy_a there_o donation_n and_o will_n make_v in_o city_n and_o corporation_n may_v be_v exhibit_v and_o prove_v before_o magistratus_fw-la municipales_fw-la the_o magistrate_n there_o in_o other_o town_n before_o the_o defensor_fw-la plebis_fw-la according_a to_o these_o two_o last_o be_v the_o formulae_fw-la of_o marculfus_n and_o another_o in_o brissonius_n from_o these_o constitution_n of_o the_o emperor_n grow_v the_o various_a manner_n of_o probate_n of_o will_n among_o we_o in_o ancient_a time_n with_o the_o magister_n census_n be_v proper_a only_o to_o the_o city_n of_o rome_n we_o have_v nothing_o to_o do_v but_o as_o we_o be_v once_o a_o province_n of_o the_o empire_n so_o our_o ancestor_n receive_v and_o hold_v the_o manner_n of_o province_n for_o the_o rectores_fw-la provinciarum_fw-la which_o with_o we_o be_v the_o earl_n of_o the_o county_n have_v the_o cognisance_n or_o probation_n of_o will_n as_o shall_v by_o and_o by_o appear_v so_o also_o have_v divers_a of_o our_o magistratus_fw-la municipales_fw-la magistrate_n of_o city_n and_o corporation_n as_o that_o which_o i_o be_o best_a acquaint_v with_o my_o neighbour_n of_o lenn_n episcopi_fw-la now_o king_n lynn_n in_o norfolk_n and_o instead_o of_o the_o defensores_fw-la plebis_fw-la in_o a_o ordinary_a town_n the_o lord_n of_o the_o town_n or_o manor_n both_o have_v and_o have_v that_o privilege_n with_o we_o in_o divers_a place_n all_o this_o while_n there_o be_v no_o mention_n of_o any_o ecclesiastical_a person_n which_o we_o must_v now_o look_v into_o the_o four_o council_n viii_o of_o carthage_n ordain_v that_o episcopus_fw-la tuitionem_fw-la testamentorum_fw-la non_fw-la suscipiat_fw-la and_o this_o canon_n gratian_n have_v take_v into_o the_o body_n of_o the_o canon_n law_n whereto_o the_o gloss_n say_v tuitionem_fw-la id_fw-la est_fw-la apertionem_fw-la sc_fw-la coram_fw-la eo_fw-la non_fw-la apperiantur_fw-la sed_fw-la coram_fw-la magistro_fw-la census_n c._n de_fw-fr testam_fw-la l._n consulta_fw-la and_o though_o it_o add_v vel_fw-la dicatur_fw-la quod_fw-la non_fw-la sit_fw-la advocatus_fw-la ad_fw-la tuendum_fw-la testamentum_fw-la yet_o that_o seem_v a_o idle_a interpretation_n for_o though_o epiphanius_n make_v mention_v that_o bishop_n in_o old_a time_n judge_v cause_n yet_o it_o be_v never_o know_v that_o they_o plead_v cause_n but_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o the_o clergyman_n in_o those_o day_n take_v upon_o they_o to_o prove_v will_n even_o in_o justinian_n time_n who_o flourish_v an._n dom._n 530._o and_o therefore_o he_o prohibit_v 354._o they_o not_o only_o by_o a_o constitution_n but_o also_o by_o a_o mulct_n of_o 50._o pound_n weight_n of_o gold_n say_v absurdum_fw-la est_fw-la namque_fw-la si_fw-la promiscuis_fw-la actibus_fw-la rerum_fw-la turbentur_fw-la officia_fw-la &_o

rex_fw-la ipsum_fw-la henr._n sharnburn_n singulari_fw-la quadam_fw-la gratia_fw-la &_o favore_fw-la amplectens_fw-la primo_fw-la fecit_fw-la eum_fw-la militem_fw-la deinde_fw-la le_fw-fr provost_z marshal_n &_o postea_fw-la vice-admirallum_a angliae_fw-la misitque_fw-la cum_fw-la ad_fw-la mare_fw-la navi_fw-la viris_fw-la &_o armis_fw-la fortiter_fw-la munita_fw-la ut_fw-la perpulsaret_fw-la &_o a_o finibus_fw-la nostris_fw-la perfugaret_fw-la piratos_fw-la &_o praedones_fw-la praecipue_fw-la ex_fw-la gallica_n gente_fw-la qui_fw-la eo_fw-la tempore_fw-la plurimum_fw-la praedabantur_fw-la in_o oris_fw-la angliae_fw-la in_o quo_fw-la negotio_fw-la viriliter_fw-la quidem_fw-la ipse_fw-la henr._n se_fw-la gerebat_fw-la quamvis_fw-la sibi_fw-la inutiliter_fw-la successerit_fw-la nam_fw-la post_fw-la multa_fw-la a_o se_fw-la praeclare_fw-la ac_fw-la valide_fw-la gesta_fw-la tandem_fw-la forte_fw-fr incidit_fw-la in_o admirallum_n francia_fw-la cum_fw-la quo_fw-la ferocissime_fw-la &_o crudelissime_fw-la habuit_fw-la pugnam_fw-la in_fw-la qua_fw-la plurimi_fw-la ex_fw-la utraque_fw-la parte_fw-la occisi_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la quorum_fw-la percipuus_fw-la erat_fw-la ipse_fw-la dominus_fw-la henricus_fw-la sharnburn_n &_o sic_fw-la finierunt_fw-la dies_fw-la ejus_fw-la praedictus_fw-la autem_fw-la thomas_n sharnburn_n filius_fw-la &_o haeres_fw-la dicti_fw-la domini_fw-la henr._n sharnburn_n jam_fw-la tunc_fw-la aetate_fw-la xviii_o annorum_fw-la erat_fw-la cum_fw-la patre_fw-la svo_fw-la in_o navi_fw-la in_o praedicta_fw-la pugna_fw-la ubi_fw-la ingens_fw-la &_o insolitus_fw-la bombardarum_fw-la sonitus_fw-la aures_fw-la svas_fw-la ita_fw-la obtudit_fw-la ut_fw-la semper_fw-la postea_fw-la per_fw-la totam_fw-la vitam_fw-la surdus_fw-la remanserit_fw-la serviebat_fw-la tamen_fw-la illustrissimae_fw-la principi_fw-la domine_fw-la mariae_fw-la filiae_fw-la primogenitae_fw-la regis_fw-la henrici_fw-la viii_o &_o ex_fw-la ejus_fw-la familia_fw-la elegit_fw-la sibi_fw-la vxorem_fw-la nomine_fw-la elizabetham_fw-la atwell_n unam_fw-la ex_fw-la ancillis_fw-la dictae_fw-la principis_fw-la ex_fw-la qua_fw-la procreavit_fw-la unum_fw-la filium_fw-la &_o dvas_fw-la filias_fw-la qui_fw-la omnes_fw-la in_o infantia_fw-la aut_fw-la puerili_fw-la aetate_fw-la mortui_fw-la sunt_fw-la ipsa_fw-la autem_fw-la elizabetha_n uxor_fw-la dicti_fw-la thomae_fw-la sharnburn_n in_o partu_fw-la unius_fw-la dictorum_fw-la liberorum_fw-la spiritum_fw-la spiravit_fw-la extremum_fw-la xiii_o die_v feb._n anno_fw-la regis_fw-la henrici_fw-la viii_o xxx_o &_o sepultus_fw-la est_fw-la apud_fw-la sharnburn_n sed_fw-la praedictus_fw-la thomas_n brevi_fw-la tempore_fw-la post_fw-la accepit_fw-la aliam_fw-la conjugem_fw-la nomine_fw-la blitham_n brampton_n filiam_fw-la johannis_n brampton_n de_fw-fr brampton_n in_o comit._n norff._n armigeri_fw-la quae_fw-la peperit_fw-la sibi_fw-la quinque_fw-la filios_fw-la &_o dvas_fw-la filias_fw-la quorum_fw-la primus_fw-la erat_fw-la christopherus_n sharnburn_n qui_fw-la natus_fw-la fuit_fw-la xii_o die_v oct._n anno_fw-la regni_fw-la henr._n viii_o xxx_o v._o an._n dom._n 1542._o de_fw-la quo_fw-la postea_fw-la secundus_fw-la erat_fw-la antonius_n sharnburn_n qui_fw-la obiit_fw-la eodem_fw-la die_fw-la quo_fw-la natus_fw-la fuit_fw-la viz._n xxiv_o feb._n anno_fw-la regis_fw-la henrici_fw-la viii_o xxxv_o 1543._o tertius_fw-la erat_fw-la dorothea_n sharnburn_n quae_fw-la nata_fw-la fuit_fw-la xx._n die_v nou._n anno_fw-la henrici_fw-la viii_o xxxvii_o 1545._o quae_fw-la dorothea_n primo_fw-la nupta_fw-la fuit_fw-la johanni_n plumstede_n the_o plumstede_n in_o comit._n norff._n gentroso_fw-la &_o post_fw-la mortem_fw-la dicti_fw-la thomae_fw-la nupsit_fw-la cuidam_fw-la roberto_n nichols_n &_o habuit_fw-la exitum_fw-la ex_fw-la utroque_fw-la marito_fw-la quartus_fw-la erat_fw-la henr._n sharnburn_n qui_fw-la natus_fw-la fuit_fw-la iv._o die_v apr._n anno_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la vi_o primo_fw-la an._n dom._n 1547._o quintus_fw-la erat_fw-la thomas_n sharnburn_n qui_fw-la natus_fw-la fuit_fw-la xxiii_o die_v sept._n edwardi_fw-la vi_o secundo_fw-la qui_fw-la obiit_fw-la infantulus_fw-la in_o ingoldsthorp_n apud_fw-la nutricem_fw-la svam_fw-la sextus_n autem_fw-la fuit_fw-la anna_n sharnburn_n quae_fw-la nata_fw-la erat_fw-la iii_o die_v novemb_n anno_fw-la edwardi_fw-la vi_o tertio_fw-la obiit_fw-la in_o infantia_fw-la apud_fw-la dersyngham_n cum_fw-la nutrice_fw-it sua_fw-la septimus_n erat_fw-la antonius_n sharnburn_n qui_fw-la ortns_fw-la fuit_fw-la xx._n die_v mar._n anno_fw-la regni_fw-la edwardi_fw-la vi_o quinto_fw-la an._n dom._n 155●_n qui_fw-la obiit_fw-la etiam_fw-la tertio_fw-la die_v jan._n an._n dom._n 16●4_n anno_o aetatis_fw-la suae_fw-la liii_o &_o quia_fw-la celibatam_fw-la degebat_fw-la vitam_fw-la nullum_fw-la ex_fw-la se_fw-la 〈◊〉_d exitum_fw-la praedictus_fw-la autem_fw-la thomas_n sharnburn_n pater_fw-la praedictorum_fw-la liberorum_fw-la in_o senectute_fw-la sua_fw-la saepe_fw-la &_o uchementer_fw-la gravabatur_fw-la ex_fw-la dolore_fw-la lapidis_fw-la in_o ●enibus_fw-la &_o vesica_fw-la qui_fw-la morbus_fw-la ita_fw-la vires_fw-la svas_fw-la naturales_fw-la debilitavit_fw-la &_o mortem_fw-la approximavit_fw-la ut_fw-la xxii_o die_v mar._n an._n dom._n 1559._o diem_fw-la clausit_fw-la extremum_fw-la et_fw-la sepultus_fw-la est_fw-la in_o capella_n ecclesiae_fw-la de_fw-fr sharnburn_n atque_fw-la praedicta_fw-la blitha_n uxor_fw-la ejus_fw-la supervixit_fw-la eum_fw-la &_o habuit_fw-la sibi_fw-la pro_fw-la termino_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la suae_fw-la totum_fw-la manerium_fw-la de_fw-la sharnburn_n nupsitque_fw-la cuidam_fw-la lanceloto_fw-it smalperd_n gentroso_fw-la cum_fw-la quo_fw-la degebat_fw-la pluribus_fw-la annis_fw-la &_o supervixit_fw-la eum_fw-la per_fw-la decem_fw-la annos_fw-la ita_fw-la ut_fw-la omnes_fw-la dies_fw-la ipsius_fw-la blithae_n possunt_fw-la computari_fw-la ad_fw-la octoginta_fw-la &_o sex_n vel_fw-la septem_fw-la annos_fw-la obiit_fw-la autem_fw-la primo_fw-la die_v nou._n an._n dom._n 1602._o &_o sepulta_fw-la est_fw-la in_o capella_n ecclesiae_fw-la de_fw-fr sharnburn_n loco_fw-la ubi_fw-la thomas_n sharnburn_n maritus_fw-la suus_fw-la sepultus_fw-la fuit_fw-la modo_fw-la dicendum_fw-la est_fw-la de_fw-fr christopher_n sharnburn_n primo_fw-la filio_fw-la praedictorum_fw-la thomae_fw-la &_o blithae_n qui_fw-la postquam_fw-la ad_fw-la virilem_fw-la aetatem_fw-la pervenerat_fw-la duxit_fw-la in_o vxorem_fw-la annam_n veer_v ex_fw-la progeny_n comit._n oxon._n &_o consanguineam_fw-la thomae_fw-la ducis_fw-la norff._n ex_fw-la qua_fw-la procreavit_fw-la franciscum_fw-la sharnburn_n de_fw-fr quo_fw-la postea_fw-la et_fw-la praedictus_fw-la christopherus_n obiit_fw-la sexto_fw-la die_v julii_n an._n dom._n 1576._o anno_fw-la aetatis_fw-la suae_fw-la tricesimo_fw-la quarto_fw-la &_o sepultus_fw-la in_o inferiori_fw-la parte_fw-la capellae_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la de_fw-la sharnb●rn_fw-la prope_fw-la parietem_fw-la finis_fw-la a_o dialogue_n concern_v the_o coin_n of_o the_o kingdom_n particular_o what_o great_a treasure_n be_v exhaust_v from_o england_n by_o the_o usurp_v supremacy_n of_o rome_n viandante_fw-la selvaggio_n viand_n beginning_n ....._o god_n amend_v they_o but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o point_n that_o lead_v we_o into_o this_o digression_n the_o excessive_a price_n of_o meat_n i_o pray_v let_v we_o now_o leave_v foreign_a country_n to_o look_v a_o little_a into_o our_o own_o and_o tell_v i_o what_o you_o think_v to_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o the_o price_n of_o thing_n do_v so_o far_o exceed_v the_o proportion_n of_o ancient_a time_n for_o i_o have_v see_v in_o a_o old_a evidence_n that_o a_o good_a cow_n be_v in_o those_o day_n sell_v for_o ten_o or_o twelve_o shilling_n and_o at_o this_o day_n i_o dare_v say_v such_o a_o one_o will_v cost_v thirty_o or_o forty_o shilling_n and_o so_o likewise_o of_o other_o thing_n selu._n how_o sore_o soever_o victualler_n innkeeper_n tavern_n and_o such_o like_a gripe_v their_o guest_n and_o traveller_n yet_o it_o be_v worth_a the_o examine_n whether_o the_o price_n of_o thing_n be_v in_o any_o notable_a excess_n great_a than_o in_o ancient_a time_n they_o have_v be_v for_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o value_n of_o the_o shilling_n then_o with_o the_o value_n of_o the_o shilling_n now_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o their_o shilling_n be_v in_o value_n three_o of_o we_o for_o then_o out_o of_o a_o ounce_n of_o silver_n they_o coin_v but_o sive_z groat_n and_o after_o because_o money_n be_v scarce_o in_o the_o land_n the_o king_n cause_v ten_o groat_n to_o be_v make_v of_o a_o ounce_n so_o that_o by_o this_o mean_n there_o grow_v to_o be_v twice_o as_o much_o money_n in_o the_o land_n as_o be_v afore_o and_o yet_o never_o the_o more_o of_o silver_n after_o in_o the_o 36._o of_o henr._n viii_o it_o be_v enhance_v to_o four_o shilling_n the_o ounce_n and_o now_o last_o unto_o five_o so_o that_o now_o our_o five_o shilling_n neither_o weigh_v nor_o be_v more_o worth_n in_o silver_n than_o their_o sieve_n groat_n of_o ancient_a time_n and_o then_o it_o follow_v by_o necessary_a consequence_n that_o the_o cow_n that_o you_o speak_v of_o to_o be_v sell_v for_o ten_o shilling_n may_v now_o be_v well_o worth_a thirty_o shilling_n and_o yet_o no_o difference_n at_o all_o in_o their_o price_n for_o admit_v that_o the_o custom_n use_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o conqueror_n and_o since_o also_o as_o appear_v by_o doomsday-book_n etc._n etc._n have_v continue_v until_o this_o day_n to_o receive_v and_o pay_v all_o sum_n of_o money_n according_a unto_o the_o weight_n and_o touch_n without_o respect_n of_o the_o stamp_n or_o coin_n then_o be_v the_o price_n of_o your_o ten_o shilling_n cow_n six_o ounce_n of_o silver_n and_o we_o of_o thirty_o shilling_n be_v so_o likewise_o and_o not_o one_o penny_n more_o &_o sic_fw-la de_fw-la caeteris_fw-la but_o admit_v again_o that_o the_o queen_n majesty_n shall_v reduce_v her_o coin_n

that_o make_v i_o think_v that_o our_o wealth_n shall_v continue_v with_o we_o better_o now_o than_o in_o time_n past_o it_o have_v do_v be_v for_o that_o the_o roman-coffer_n be_v not_o now_o glut_v as_o they_o have_v be_v with_o english-treasure_n continual_o flow_v into_o they_o for_o it_o be_v a_o world_n to_o consider_v the_o huge_a stock_n of_o money_n that_o those_o cozen_a prelate_n have_v heretofore_o extort_a out_o of_o her_o majesty_n kingdom_n by_o their_o antichristian_a and_o usurp_v supremacy_n as_o by_o pope_n innocent_a constrain_a king_n john_n to_o redeem_v his_o crown_n at_o his_o hand_n and_o to_o take_v it_o for_o ever_o in_o farm_n for_o the_o yearly_a rent_n of_o 1000_o mark_n to_o be_v pay_v to_o he_o and_o his_o successor_n by_o cause_v henry_n iii_o to_o maintain_v his_o war_n against_o frederick_n the_o emperor_n and_o conrade_n king_n of_o sicil_n by_o draw_v from_o our_o king_n many_o contribution_n and_o benevolence_n by_o lay_v upon_o their_o subject_n as_o well_o temporal_a as_o spiritual_a ten_o and_o tax_v in_o most_o ravenous_a manner_n and_o that_o very_a often_o so_o that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n iii_o the_o realm_n be_v by_o such_o a_o extreme_a tax_n mighty_o impoverish_v as_o our_o chronicle_n witness_v as_o also_o at_o many_o other_o time_n since_o and_o before_o for_o when_o the_o pope_n be_v dispose_v to_o use_v money_n he_o will_v tax_v our_o people_n as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v his_o natural_a subject_n by_o many_o congratulation_n of_o the_o clergy_n as_o 11000._o mark_n at_o one_o pull_v to_o pope_n innocent_n iv._o by_o private_a remembrance_n from_o single_a bishop_n as_o 9500._o mark_n from_o the_o archbishop_n of_o york_n to_o pope_n clement_n v._o in_o an._n 34._o or_o 35._o edw._n i._n and_o from_o divers_a of_o they_o joint_o 6000._o mark_n to_o the_o foresay_a innocent_n by_o their_o rich_a revenue_n of_o the_o first-fruit_n and_o ten_o as_o well_o of_o the_o archbishopric_n as_o of_o all_o other_o 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value_n of_o our_o coin_n at_o this_o day_n three_o time_n as_o much_o as_o before_o be_v show_v you_o must_v needs_o confess_v that_o the_o fat_a of_o the_o land_n lard_v the_o roman_a dish_n whilst_o ourselves_o teer_v upon_o the_o lean-bone_n beside_o it_o must_v not_o be_v forget_v that_o one_o ten_o grant_v to_o the_o pope_n impoverish_v the_o realm_n more_o than_o ten_o unto_o the_o king_n for_o what_o the_o king_n have_v be_v at_o length_n return_v again_o among_o the_o subject_n little_a thereof_o go_v out_o of_o the_o land_n much_o like_o the_o life-blood_n which_o though_o it_o shift_v in_o divers_a part_n yet_o still_o continue_v itself_o within_o the_o body_n but_o whatsoever_o come_v into_o st._n peter_n pouch_n be_v lock_v up_o with_o the_o infernal_a key_n et_fw-la ab_fw-la infernis_fw-la nulla_fw-la est_fw-la redemptio_fw-la england_n may_v lick_v her_o lip_n after_o that_o it_o come_v no_o more_o among_o her_o people_n thus_o we_o be_v make_v the_o bee_n of_o holy-church_n suffer_v to_o work_n and_o store_v our_o hive_n as_o well_o as_o we_o can_v but_o when_o they_o wax_v any_o thing_n weighty_a his_o legate_n be_v send_v to_o drive_v they_o and_o fetch_v away_o the_o honey_n yea_o if_o his_o holiness_n be_v sharp_o set_v indeed_o he_o will_v not_o stick_v to_o use_v a_o trick_n of_o husbandry_n rather_o burn_v the_o bee_n than_o want_v the_o honey_n i_o may_v tell_v you_o too_o his_o legate_n and_o nuncio_n be_v ever_o trim_a fellow_n at_o lick_v of_o the_o hive_n as_o in_o our_o chronicle_n you_o may_v read_v abundant_o viand_n you_o have_v make_v the_o matter_n so_o plain_a that_o i_o must_v needs_o grant_v that_o our_o treasure_n go_v not_o out_o of_o the_o land_n in_o any_o comparable_a measure_n as_o it_o do_v in_o time_n past_a for_o as_o you_o say_v though_o these_o action_n of_o the_o low-countries_n france_n portugal_n and_o other_o place_n have_v somewhat_o suck_v we_o yet_o i_o consider_v that_o we_o have_v ever_o have_v such_o a_o vent_n even_o in_o the_o several_a day_n of_o our_o king_n as_o in_o the_o time_n of_o queen_n mary_n king_n edw._n vi_o king_n henry_n viii_o etc._n etc._n selu._n their_o occasion_n indeed_o be_v best_a know_v unto_o we_o because_o many_o man_n live_v be_v witness_n thereof_o but_o i_o will_v recite_v unto_o you_o cursory_o somewhat_o of_o the_o rest_n that_o you_o may_v the_o better_o be_v satisfy_v that_o it_o be_v no_o novelty_n in_o england_n and_o for_o to_o begin_v with_o henry_n ii_o what_o store_n of_o treasure_n think_v you_o be_v by_o he_o and_o his_o wasteful_a son_n whereof_o two_o namely_o henry_n and_o john_n be_v king_n as_o well_o as_o himself_o daily_o carry_v into_o france_n flanders_n saxony_n sicil_n castille_n the_o holy-land_n and_o other_o place_n sometime_o about_o their_o war_n and_o turbulent_a affair_n other_o some_o time_n for_o royal_a expense_n about_o meeting_n feast_v and_o entertain_v the_o french_a king_n the_o pope_n foreign_a prince_n and_o such_o other_o occasion_n the_o particular_a whereof_o be_v too_o long_o to_o recite_v but_o we_o may_v well_o think_v that_o england_n must_v needs_o sweat_v for_o it_o in_o those_o day_n to_o feed_v the_o riotous_a hand_n of_o three_o several_a king_n spend_v so_o much_o of_o their_o time_n on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o sea_n as_o they_o do_v the_o like_a be_v do_v by_o richard_n i._o about_o his_o ransom_n 126._o and_o business_n with_o the_o emperor_n and_o leopold_n duke_n of_o austria_n about_o his_o war_n in_o france_n and_o the_o holy-land_n where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o by_o estimation_n he_o spend_v more_o in_o one_o month_n than_o any_o of_o his_o predecessor_n ever_o do_v in_o a_o whole_a year_n by_o henry_n iii_o about_o the_o affect_a kingdom_n of_o sicil_n and_o his_o war_n in_o gascoigne_n and_o other_o part_n of_o france_n and_o in_o bounty_n to_o stranger_n he_o at_o one_o 620._o time_n send_v into_o france_n at_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o poictovins_n 30._o barrel_n of_o starling_n coin_n for_o payment_n of_o foreign_a soldier_n and_o at_o another_o time_n these_o his_o wasteful_a expense_n be_v cast_v up_o the_o sum_n amount_v to_o 950000._o mark_n which_o after_o the_o rate_n of_o our_o allay_n increase_v to_o by_o edw._n i._n about_o his_o action_n of_o give_v gascoigne_n france_n flanders_n and_o the_o conquest_n of_o scotland_n and_o the_o strike_n of_o a_o league_n with_o adolph_n the_o emperor_n guy_n earl_n of_o flanders_n john_n duke_n of_o brabant_n henry_n earl_n of_o bar_n albert_n duke_n of_o austria_n and_o other_o against_o the_o french_a king_n and_o earl_n jo._n of_o henault_n his_o partaker_n by_o edw._n iii_o about_o his_o victory_n and_o design_n in_o france_n and_o elsewhere_o which_o exhaust_v so_o much_o treasure_n as_o little_a or_o none_o almost_o remain_v in_o the_o land_n as_o before_o be_v show_v by_o henry_n iv._o about_o the_o stir_v of_o britain_n and_o in_o supportation_n of_o the_o confederate_a faction_n of_o orleans_n by_o henry_n v._o about_o his_o royal_a conquest_n of_o france_n by_o edw._n iu._n in_o aid_v the_o duke_n of_o burgundy_n and_o in_o revenge_a himself_o upon_o the_o king_n of_o france_n by_o henry_n vii_o about_o his_o war_n in_o france_n in_o annoy_v the_o fleming_n in_o assist_v the_o duke_n of_o savoy_n and_o maximilian_n king_n of_o the_o roman_n i_o need_v not_o speak_v of_o henry_n viii_o who_o foreign_a expense_n as_o they_o be_v exceed_o great_a so_o they_o be_v sufficient_o know_v to_o most_o man_n neither_o have_v i_o more_o than_o light_o run_v over_o the_o rest_n who_o beside_o these_o that_o i_o have_v speak_v of_o have_v many_o other_o foreign_a charge_n of_o great_a burden_n and_o much_o importance_n and_o yet_o not_o so_o much_o as_o once_o touch_v by_o i_o as_o marriage_n of_o their_o child_n with_o foreign_a prince_n treaty_n

now_o to_o our_o great_a enrichment_n return_v again_o among_o we_o by_o dissolution_n of_o these_o popish_a ceremony_n viand_n you_o may_v also_o reckon_v the_o money_n give_v to_o maintenance_n of_o priest_n monkery_n light_n obit_n anniverssary_n and_o all_o the_o plate_n and_o treasure_n of_o the_o clergy_n at_o that_o time_n to_o be_v of_o the_o same_o sort_n selu._n 50._o that_o do_v edward_n the_o first_o well_o consider_v and_o therefore_o to_o the_o end_n that_o he_o may_v dig_v it_o out_o of_o the_o grave_n and_o bring_v it_o abroad_o again_o among_o the_o people_n that_o have_v need_v thereof_o he_o suffer_v the_o matter_n to_o be_v so_o handle_v by_o one_o of_o his_o treasurer_n that_o certain_a captain_n appoint_v to_o work_v the_o feat_n place_v their_o soldier_n in_o every_o quarter_n through_o the_o realm_n make_v search_v at_o one_o time_n in_o july_n at_o three_o of_o the_o clock_n in_o the_o afternoon_n for_o all_o such_o money_n be_v it_o hide_v or_o lay_v up_o in_o hallow_a place_n and_o take_v the_o same_o away_o bring_v it_o unto_o the_o king_n who_o dissemble_v the_o matter_n as_o he_o that_o stand_v in_o need_n excuse_v the_o act_n do_v by_o his_o treasurer_n and_o think_v it_o no_o offence_n but_o rather_o a_o good_a work_n beside_o all_o this_o there_o be_v yet_o another_o mean_n whereby_o the_o treasure_n of_o our_o land_n must_v needs_o be_v much_o increase_v and_o that_o be_v by_o divers_a good_a law_n and_o statute_n make_v both_o for_o cause_v it_o to_o be_v bring_v into_o the_o realm_n and_o also_o for_o contain_v it_o within_o the_o list_n of_o the_o same_o when_o it_o be_v come_v and_o that_o be_v by_o the_o stat._n 14._o edw._n iii_o whereby_o it_o be_v enact_v that_o every_o man_n denizen_n or_o stranger_n that_o shall_v transport_v any_o wool_n out_o of_o the_o land_n shall_v find_v sufficient_a surety_n to_o bring_v again_o unto_o the_o king_n exchange_n for_o every_o sack_n of_o wool_n transport_v plate_n of_o silver_n to_o the_o value_n of_o two_o mark_n and_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o 3._o henry_n v._o confirm_v and_o quicken_v by_o 32._o hen._n vi_o which_o provide_v that_o every_o merchant-stranger_n buy_v wool_n in_o england_n not_o come_v to_o the_o staple_n to_o be_v sell_v shall_v bring_v to_o the_o master_n of_o the_o mint_n of_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n of_o every_o sack_n one_o ounce_n of_o bullion_n of_o gold_n and_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n of_o three_o piece_n of_o tin_n one_o ounce_n of_o bullion_n of_o gold_n or_o the_o value_n in_o bullion_n of_o silver_n upon_o pain_n of_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o same_o wool_n and_o tin_n or_o the_o value_n thereof_o to_o the_o king_n it_o be_v provide_v also_o for_o contain_v of_o money_n within_o the_o land_n that_o all_o merchant-stranger_n shall_v employ_v all_o the_o money_n receive_v by_o they_o within_o this_o realm_n upon_o the_o merchandise_n and_o commodity_n of_o this_o realm_n deduct_v their_o reasonable_a expense_n and_o that_o they_o shall_v give_v sufficient_a surety_n for_o do_v hereof_o and_o the_o trespasser_n to_o forfeit_v and_o be_v punish_v grievous_o as_o in_o the_o statute_n be_v contain_v 3._o hen._n vii_o affirm_v and_o enlarge_n 14._o edw._n iu._n and_o many_o other_o of_o like_a effect_n and_o by_o 4._o hen._n vii_o that_o no_o man_n dwell_v in_o england_n shall_v pay_v or_o deliver_v witting_o to_o any_o merchant_n or_o other_o bear_v out_o of_o the_o king_n obedience_n for_o any_o merchandise_n or_o ware_n or_o in_o any_o other_o wise_a any_o gold_n coin_v plate_n vessel_n bullion_n jewel_n of_o gold_n or_o silver_n upon_o pain_n of_o forfeiture_n thereof_o and_o by_o 14._o edw._n iv._o affirm_v by_o 4._o hen._n vii_o and_o for_o a_o time_n continue_v by_o 1._o and_o 3._o henry_n viii_o with_o a_o mitigation_n of_o the_o bloody_a penalty_n all_o man_n except_o such_o as_o have_v the_o king_n licence_n or_o be_v dispense_v with_o by_o those_o statute_n be_v utter_o inhibit_v from_o carry_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n any_o manner_n of_o coin_n plate_n vessel_n massy_a bullion_n jewel_n of_o gold_n or_o silver_n which_o law_n and_o many_o other_o of_o the_o like_a effect_n though_o they_o continue_v not_o now_o in_o force_n yet_o the_o fruit_n thereof_o remain_v to_o we_o still_o as_o child_n enrich_v by_o their_o father_n sparing_n beside_o it_o be_v not_o altogether_o to_o be_v pass_v in_o silence_n that_o our_o treasure_n be_v somewhat_o increase_v by_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n try_v out_o of_o our_o own_o mine_n here_o in_o england_n which_o though_o it_o be_v little_a or_o nothing_o in_o respect_n that_o in_o this_o latter_a age_n we_o have_v wimble_v even_o into_o the_o bowel_n of_o plutus_n treasury_n the_o western_a indies_n yet_o be_v it_o so_o much_o as_o our_o historiographer_n both_o new_a and_o ancient_a have_v think_v it_o worth_a the_o note_n and_o all_o our_o king_n from_o time_n to_o time_n have_v make_v especial_a account_n of_o as_o well_o appear_v by_o a_o multitude_n of_o lease_n thereof_o grant_v by_o they_o to_o many_o noble_a personage_n extant_a in_o the_o checquer_n record_n and_o also_o by_o the_o process_n and_o argument_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o northumberland_n case_n concern_v a_o copper-mine_a 10._o eliz._n which_o in_o plowden_n commentary_n be_v at_o large_a report_v but_o be_v it_o little_a or_o great_a many_o little_n as_o our_o adage_n say_v make_v a_o great_a and_o continual_a accession_n amass_v at_o length_n to_o a_o mighty_a thing_n as_o be_v well_o see_v in_o the_o hill_n testacchio_n in_o rome_n which_o stand_v in_o a_o plain_a and_o be_v about_o half_a a_o mile_n in_o compass_n and_o exceed_v in_o height_n any_o tower_n in_o the_o town-wall_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v make_v of_o the_o shard_n of_o the_o pot_n wherein_o the_o tribute-money_n be_v bring_v to_o rome_n or_o as_o please_v rather_o the_o more_o learned_a sort_n of_o break_a pot_n throw_v out_o of_o the_o vii_o college_n of_o potter_n build_v by_o numa_n pompilius_n but_o be_v it_o the_o one_o or_o other_o the_o semblance_n serve_v my_o turn_n and_o there_o be_v a_o end_n the_o place_n or_o dwelling_n of_o the_o arch-bishop_n and_o bishop_n of_o this_o realm_n now_o or_o of_o former_a time_n in_o which_o house_n their_o several_a owner_n have_v ordinary_a jurisdiction_n and_o be_v as_o parcel_n of_o their_o diocese_n as_o be_v recite_v in_o the_o stat._n of_o 33._o hen._n viii_o ca._n 31._o although_o they_o be_v situate_a within_o the_o precinct_n of_o another_o bishop_n diocese_n canterbury_n 1._o the_o lord_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_z of_o long_a time_n enjoy_v and_o do_v enjoy_v lambeth-house_n as_o appear_v in_o historia_n cantuariensium_fw-la archiepiscoporum_fw-la set_v forth_o as_o be_v think_v by_o dr._n ackworth_n in_o the_o lord_n archbishop_n parker_n time_n the_o which_o house_n be_v never_o sever_v from_o the_o lord_n archbishop_n see_v of_o canterbury_n since_o the_o annexion_n thereof_o to_o that_o see_n rochester_n 2._o the_o house_n at_o lambeth-marsh_n common_o call_v carlisle-house_n be_v the_o bishop_n of_o rochester_n palace_n until_o about_o 26._o hen._n viii_o as_o appear_v in_o the_o foresay_a historia_n cantuariensis_n and_o also_o in_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n of_o 22._o hen._n viii_o ca._n 9_o make_v against_o poison_v whereby_o it_o do_v appear_v that_o the_o house_n of_o john_n bishop_n of_o rochester_n be_v at_o lambeth-marsh_n but_o afterward_o about_o an._n 27._o hen._n viii_o or_o after_o the_o same_o be_v some_o way_n the_o king_n be_v convey_v to_o robert_n aldridge_n bishop_n of_o carlisle_n and_o his_o successor_n in_o carlisle_n exchange_n for_o his_o house_n near_o ivie-bridge_n now_o the_o earl_n of_o worcester_n and_o salisbury_n and_o other_o house_n there_o towards_o the_o street_n and_o of_o a_o yearly_a rent_n of_o 16l._o or_o thereabouts_o out_o of_o those_o house_n give_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o carlisle_n and_o his_o successor_n for_o those_o house_n former_o call_v carlile-place_n but_o the_o say_a bishop_n aldridge_n lease_v the_o house_n of_o lambeth-marsh_n for_o some_o small_a and_o not_o valuable_a rent_n for_o divers_a year_n yet_o endure_v rochester_n 3._o the_o bishop_n of_o rochester_n have_v give_v for_o his_o palace_n to_o dwell_v in_o certain_a house_n late_o call_v rochester-house_n near_o adjoin_v to_o winchester-place_n and_o sometime_o as_o it_o be_v report_v parcel_n of_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o priory_n of_o st._n swithins_n in_o winchester_n but_o that_o place_n be_v late_o divide_v into_o several_a little_a dwelling_n winchester_n 4_o winchester_z place_n with_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o prison_n of_o the_o clynke_n and_o bank_n belong_v and_o do_v belong_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o winchester_n and_o the_o house_n be_v in_o edw._n the_o sixth_n time_n convey_v to_o the_o marquis_n of_o

northampton_n who_o build_v the_o gallery_n there_o but_o in_o queen_n mary_n time_n the_o same_o be_v restore_v to_o that_o see_v where_o it_o so_o continue_v york_n 5._o the_o lord_n archbishop_n of_o york_n house_n be_v the_o whitehall_n much_o enlarge_v and_o reedifyed_a by_o the_o cardinal_n wolsey_n then_o archbishop_n of_o york_n as_o by_o the_o arm_n remain_v in_o wood_n stone_n and_o glass_n in_o sundry_a place_n of_o that_o house_n may_v appear_v and_o after_o the_o say_v cardinal_n conviction_n of_o praemunire_n and_o death_n the_o same_o be_v make_v parcel_n of_o the_o king_n palace_n at_o westminster_n by_o purchase_n from_o the_o archbishop_n of_o york_n as_o appear_z by_o the_o stat._n of_o 28._o hen._n viii_o ca._n 12._o but_o afterward_o until_o anno_fw-la 2._o or_o 3._o of_o queen_n mary_n the_o archbishop_n of_o york_n have_v no_o other_o dwelling-place_n near_o london_n in_o right_a of_o his_o see_n or_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o archbishopric_a but_o the_o house_n at_o battersey_n and_o then_o queen_n mary_n give_v to_o archbishop_n heath_n and_o his_o successor_n the_o late_a duke_n of_o suffolk_n house_n call_v suffolk-place_n in_o southwark_n which_o the_o archbishop_n of_o york_n by_o confirmation_n of_o the_o dean_n and_o chapter_n there_o short_o after_o sell_v away_o to_o other_o and_o purchase_v to_o his_o see_n york-place_n where_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n remain_v together_o with_o the_o house_n adjoin_v to_o the_o street_n which_o house_n be_v sometime_o the_o bishop_n of_o norwich_n place_n and_o the_o same_o norwich_n among_o all_o or_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o see_v of_o norwich_n about_o a_o 27._o hen._n viii_o be_v convey_v to_o the_o king_n by_o a_o private_a act_n of_o parliament_n in_o recompense_n of_o the_o union_n of_o the_o monastery_n of_o st._n bennet_n and_o the_o possession_n thereof_o to_o that_o bishopric_n be_v of_o far_o better_a value_n than_o the_o ancient_a land_n of_o the_o bishopric_n of_o norwich_n assure_v to_o the_o king_n as_o be_v recite_v in_o the_o statute_n of_o 32._o hen._n viii_o ca._n 47._o whereby_o the_o bishop_n of_o norwich_n be_v make_v collector_n of_o the_o ten_o of_o his_o diocese_n as_o other_o bishop_n be_v be_v former_o free_v thereof_o by_o the_o say_v private_a statute_n of_o 27._o hen._n viii_o which_o say_v now_o york-place_n by_o hen._n viii_o be_v convey_v in_o fee_n to_o charles_n brandon_n duke_n of_o suffolk_n and_o after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o say_v duke_n son_n the_o coheir_n of_o the_o duke_n son_n sell_v the_o same_o to_o the_o say_a archbishop_n heath_n and_o his_o successor_n norwich_n 6._o but_o the_o bishop_n of_o norwich_n be_v limit_v by_o the_o say_v private_a act_n of_o 27._o henry_n viii_o to_o enjoy_v perpetual_o in_o succession_n a_o prebend_n in_o the_o free-chappel_n of_o st._n stephens_n at_o westminster_n after_o dissolve_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o dissolution_n of_o college_n and_o free-chappels_a 1._o ed._n vi_o and_o the_o house_n thereto_o belong_v in_o chanon-row_n whereof_o then_o be_v incumbent_n one_o knight_n but_o the_o house_n be_v say_v to_o be_v lease_v for_o some_o small_a rent_n by_o the_o bishop_n of_o norwich_n to_o sir_n john_n thinn_n knight_n in_o edw._n the_o sixth_n time_n for_o many_o year_n endure_v and_o that_o the_o house_n now_o call_v york-place_n be_v belong_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o norwich_n be_v prove_v by_o a_o case_n 21._o edw._n iv._o fol._n 73._o in_o a_o presentment_n against_o the_o bishop_n of_o norwich_n in_o the_o king_n bench_n for_o annoyance_n of_o a_o way_n inter_fw-la hospitium_fw-la episcopi_fw-la norwicensis_fw-la &_o dunelmensis_n in_o parochia_fw-la sancti_fw-la martini_n in_o campis_n durham_n 7._o durham-house_n as_o appear_v in_o that_o case_n be_v the_o bishop_n of_o durham_n house_n and_o bishop_n tonstal_n about_o the_o 26_o the_o of_o hen._n viii_o convey_v the_o same_o to_o the_o king_n in_o fee_n and_o king_n henry_n viii_o in_o recompense_n thereof_o grant_v to_o the_o see_v of_o durham_n coldharborrowe_n and_o certain_a other_o house_n in_o london_n and_o after_o edw._n vi_o about_o a_o 2._o grant_v durham-house_n to_o the_o lady_n elizabeth_n his_o sister_n for_o life_n or_o until_o she_o be_v otherwise_o advance_v after_o the_o bishopric_n of_o durham_n by_o a_o private_a statute_n not_o print_v of_o 7._o edw._n vi_o be_v dissolve_v and_o all_o the_o possession_n thereof_o give_v to_o king_n edw._n vi_o who_o short_o after_o convey_v in_o fee_n the_o say_v bishop_n late_a house_n at_o coldharborrowe_n and_o other_o house_n in_o london_n to_o francis_n earl_n of_o shrewsbury_n and_o his_o heir_n and_o after_o the_o 2d._o mariae_fw-la ca._n 3._o the_o stat._n of_o 7._o edw._n vi_o for_o dissolve_v that_o bishopric_n be_v repeal_v but_o the_o mansion-house_n of_o coldharborrowe_n and_o other_o tenement_n in_o london_n so_o grant_v to_o the_o say_a earl_n be_v confirm_v and_o the_o bishop_n by_o that_o act_n pray_v a_o recompense_n from_o the_o queen_n at_o his_o charge_n whereupon_o queen_n mary_n about_o anno_fw-la v._n or_o vi_o of_o her_o reign_n grant_v to_o the_o say_a bishop_n of_o durham_n her_o reversion_n of_o durham-place_n in_o succession_n which_o come_v into_o possession_n by_o the_o death_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n the_o late_a bishop_n of_o durham_n now_o lord_n archbishop_n of_o york_n enter_v into_o and_o enjoy_v the_o same_o in_o the_o right_n of_o his_o see_n by_o opinion_n of_o the_o chief_a justice_n of_o the_o land_n refer_v by_o the_o king_n be_v oppose_v by_o sir_n walter_n raleigh_n as_o likewise_o do_v the_o now_o bishop_n of_o durham_n lichfeild_n 8._o the_o bishop_n of_o lichfeild_n and_o coventry_n of_o old_a call_v the_o bishop_n of_o chester_n before_o the_o new_a erection_n of_o the_o new_a bishopric_n of_o chester_n have_v his_o place_n where_o somersethouse_n be_v build_v landaff_n 9_o 10._o as_o likewise_o the_o bishop_n of_o worcester_z and_o landaff_n have_v there_o sometime_o a_o house_n as_o stow_z in_o his_o book_n of_o survey_n of_o london_n say_v but_o the_o say_v three_o bishop_n place_n together_o with_o a_o parish_n church_n call_v straunde-church_n and_o the_o great_a inn_n of_o chancery_n call_v straunde-inn_n belong_v to_o the_o middle_a temple_n be_v deface_v without_o recompense_n to_o any_o of_o the_o say_v three_o last_o mention_v bishop_n parish_n church_n or_o inn_n of_o chancery_n other_o than_o to_o the_o bishop_n of_o worcester_z who_o have_v in_o respect_n of_o his_o former_a house_n a_o house_n in_o the_o white_a friar_n which_o he_o enjoy_v wells_n 11._o arondell-house_n now_o the_o lord_n admiral_n be_v be_v the_o bishop_n of_o bath_n and_o wells_n and_o be_v assure_v in_o edw._n vi_o time_n to_o admiral_n seymer_n and_o be_v now_o quite_o sever_v from_o that_o bishopric_n without_o recompense_n exeter_n 12._o likewise_o the_o bishop_n of_o exeter_n place_n after_o call_v paget_n leicester_n and_o essex-house_n of_o the_o several_a owner_n of_o the_o same_o and_o it_o be_v think_v the_o bishop_n of_o exeter_n have_v likewise_o no_o recompense_n for_o the_o same_o of_o any_o other_o house_n in_o or_o near_a london_n sarum_n 13._o the_o bishop_n of_o sarum_n place_n now_o call_v dorset-house_n before_o call_v sackvile-house_n and_o of_o former_a time_n salisbury_n court_n be_v in_o long_a lease_n make_v by_o bishop_n capon_n who_o be_v bishop_n there_o in_o hen._n viii_o edw._n vi_o and_o queen_n mary_n time_n be_v exchange_v temp_n reginae_fw-la elizabethae_fw-la by_o the_o great_a learned_a reverend_a father_n bishop_n jewel_n for_o recompense_v of_o good_a value_n in_o land_n in_o his_o diocese_n or_o elsewhere_o in_o the_o west_n country_n david_n 14._o the_o bishop_n of_o st._n david_n place_n be_v near_o adjoin_v to_o bridewell_n upon_o the_o ditch_n that_o run_v to_o fleet-bridge_n into_o the_o thames_n and_o be_v grant_v in_o fee-farm_n for_o a_o mark_v rend_v temp_n edw._n vi_o to_o dr._n hewick_n the_o physician_n under_o which_o purchase_n the_o same_o be_v now_o enjoy_v hereford_n 15._o the_o bishop_n of_o hereford_n place_n as_o stow_n in_o his_o survey_n of_o london_n pag._n 357._o say_v be_v in_o the_o parish_n of_o st._n marry_o de_fw-fr monte_fw-fr alto_fw-mi or_o mount-halt_a in_o london_n of_o which_o bishop_n patronage_n the_o say_a church_n also_o be_v which_o place_n be_v in_o the_o tenure_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o hereford_n or_o his_o tenant_n ely_n 16._o 17._o the_o bishop_n of_o london_n place_n at_o paul_n be_v never_o sever_v from_o the_o bishop_n possession_n and_o likewise_o ely_z place_n from_o the_o bishop_n of_o that_o see_v other_o than_o such_o part_n thereof_o as_o the_o late_a lord_n chancellor_n hatton_n have_v by_o lease_n for_o many_o year_n from_o the_o late_a bishop_n cox_n bangor_n 18._o the_o bishop_n of_o bangor_n house_n be_v or_o late_o be_v mr._n aleworth_n house_n

surrey_n 23._o king_n edgar_n charter_n of_o donation_n of_o certain_a thaneland_n 19_o another_o charter_n grant_v by_o he_o to_o the_o monastery_n of_o hide_n near_o winchester_n 20._o by_o who_o advice_n his_o law_n be_v make_v 61._o king_n edward_n the_o elder_a how_o he_o propose_v his_o law_n 61._o the_o first_o that_o prohibit_v law_n business_n on_o festival_n 77._o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n charter_n of_o donation_n to_o thola_n 20._o several_a privilege_n grant_v to_o the_o cinque-port_n 26._o his_o law_n by_o who_o collect_v 61._o his_o constitution_n touch_v festival_n 79._o edward_z earl_n of_o norfolk_z and_o marshal_z of_o england_n 168._o die_v in_o his_o minority_n ibid._n edwin_n son_n of_o othulf_n give_v certain_a land_n to_o archbishop_n odo_n 29._o elfere_fw-la a_o saxon_a bequeath_v snodland_n to_o the_o church_n of_o st._n andrews_n 128._o publish_a his_o will_n before_o odo_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n etc._n etc._n 130._o elfstane_n bishop_n of_o rochester_n 130._o elfsy_n priest_n of_o croyden_n 130._o ellingham_n 161._o elmham_n 150._o erpingham_n 151._o erpingham_n tho._n commissioner_n for_o execute_v the_o office_n of_o earl_n marshal_n of_o england_n 169._o escheat_n the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n 37._o no_o feodal_a escheat_n among_o the_o saxon_n 37_o 38._o escuage_z what_o in_o the_o empire_n 36._o neither_o its_o name_n nor_o rule_n use_v by_o the_o saxon_n 37._o essoyn_v the_o manner_n of_o it_o not_o in_o use_n before_o the_o conquest_n 27._o king_n ethelbald_n charter_n to_o the_o monk_n of_o croyland_n 22._o ethelbert_n the_o first_o christian_a king_n of_o the_o saxon_n 8._o he_o cause_v his_o law_n to_o be_v put_v in_o writing_n ibid._n he_o take_v somewhat_o from_o the_o roman_a law_n 102_o etheldreda_n daughter_n of_o k._n alfred_n her_o dowry_n 8._o king_n etheldred_n ordain_v every_o eight_o hide_n of_o land_n to_o find_v a_o man_n for_o the_o naval_a expedition_n 17._o his_o charter_n of_o donation_n to_o aethelwold_n 19_o another_o charter_n grant_v by_o he_o to_o his_o thane_n sealwyne_n ibid._n king_n ethelstane_n who_o he_o consult_v in_o make_v his_o law_n 61._o king_n ethelwulf_v charter_n of_o privilege_n 23._o he_o divide_v his_o land_n by_o will_n among_o his_o three_o son_n 128._o euricus_fw-la king_n of_o the_o goth_n 102._o exauctoratio_fw-la militis_fw-la 185._o expeditio_fw-la what_o it_o signify_v in_o latin_n 17._o f_o fakenham_n 150._o fasti_fw-la or_o law_n day_n among_o the_o roman_n why_o so_o nam_fw-la d._n 72._o seldom_o two_o fasti_fw-la together_o 75._o fasti_fw-la proprie_fw-la ibid._n fasti_fw-la intercisi_fw-la ibid._n fasti_fw-la comitiales_n ibid._n all_o the_o fasti_fw-la not_o apply_v to_o judicature_n ibid._n fealty_n the_o definition_n of_o it_o 35._o no_o fealty_n but_o for_o a_o fee._n 36._o what_o manner_n of_o fealty_n among_o the_o saxon_n ibid._n felbrig_n 152._o felewell_n 161._o feodal_n word_n none_o among_o the_o saxon_n 7_o 8_o 9_o feorme_v what_o it_o signify_v in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n 15_o ferdwite_n 37._o festa_fw-la majora_fw-la vel_fw-la principalia_fw-la 91._o festival_n how_o exempt_v from_o law_n day_n 76._o the_o difference_n of_o they_o 91._o the_o festival_n of_o st._n peter_n and_o paul_n 92._o of_o st._n george_n 93._o of_o gunpowder_n treason_n ibid._n a_o feud_n what_o it_o be_v 1._o it_o be_v general_a and_o particular_a definition_n 2._o feud_n among_o the_o jew_n ibid._n among_o the_o gaul_n 3_o their_o original_n 4._o make_a perpetual_a and_o hereditary_a 5._o when_o and_o how_o they_o become_v so_o ibid._n especial_o in_o england_n ibid._n the_o difference_n between_o they_o and_o benefice_n 6_o 9_o the_o great_a growth_n of_o they_o ibid._n no_o proper_a feud_n before_o the_o conquest_n ibid._n feudal-law_n general_o receive_v in_o every_o kingdom_n 5._o it_o be_v youth_n infancy_n and_o full_a age_n 9_o where_o it_o have_v its_o original_n ibid._n feudatarii_fw-la 9_o feudum_fw-la militare_fw-la &_o nobile_fw-la 4._o rusticum_n &_o ignobile_fw-la ibid._n feuda_n majora_fw-la &_o regalia_z ibid._n the_o word_n feudum_n or_o feodum_fw-la not_o use_v in_o k._n beorredus_n day_n 9_o fideles_fw-la who_o 4._o fidelity_n what_o 59_o fine_n for_o licence_n of_o alienation_n 33._o the_o thaneland_n free_a from_o they_o ibid._n not_o in_o use_n among_o the_o saxon_n 34._o fitz-alan_n jo._n lord_n maltravers_n marshal_n of_o england_n 168._o fitz-osborn_n will._n lord_n marshal_n to_o king_n william_n the_o conqueror_n 165._o flegg_n 154._o flitcham_n 145._o flitchamburrough_n 52_o 145._o folcland_n what_o 12._o not_o alienate_v without_o licence_n 33_o 34._o free_a from_o homage_n 35._o ford-park_n 110._o forest_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n alone_o 118._o subject_n can_v have_v they_o only_o in_o custody_n ibid._n fouldage_n 162._o franc-almoin_a 2_o 7._o frank-tenement_n 12._o freeborgs_n or_o tithing_n 51._o frekenham_n 153._o g_o garbulsham_n 158._o gavelkind_n what_o and_o why_o so_o call_v 12._o observe_v throughout_o all_o kent_n 43._o at_o first_o the_o general_a law_n of_o all_o nation_n ibid._n german_n their_o custom_n and_o tenor_n carry_v into_o several_a country_n 5._o they_o receive_v the_o roman_a law_n 127._o gey-wood_n 143._o gilbert_n the_o three_o son_n of_o william_n the_o king_n marshal_n 166._o make_a marshal_n of_o england_n ibid._n kill_v in_o a_o tournament_n ibid._n gimmingham_n 152._o goth_n carry_v the_o german_a law_n into_o spain_n greece_n etc._n etc._n 5._o they_o be_v the_o first_o that_o put_v their_o law_n in_o writing_n 102._o trust_v priest_n with_o the_o pass_n of_o will_n 130_o government_n the_o ancient_a government_n of_o england_n 49._o etc._n etc._n 53._o grand-day_n in_o france_n and_o england_n 92._o grand_fw-fr serjeanty_n 2._o grantesmale_a hugh_n marshal_v under_o k._n william_n i._n 165._o greek_n from_o who_o they_o have_v much_o of_o their_o ancient_a rite_n 74_o 127._o gresham_n 152._o gressenhall_n 150._o grey_n rad._n de_o exauctoratur_fw-la 185._o guthrun_n the_o dane_n 61_o 77._o h_o hales_n 156._o harkela_n andr._n de_o exauctoratur_fw-la 185._o harleston_n ibid._n hartlebury-park_n 110._o hawkins_n pet_n keeper_n of_o bramsil-park_n wound_v by_o archbishop_n abbot_n 109_o etc._n etc._n hengham_n 157._o king_n henry_n i._o imprison_v the_o bishop_n of_o durham_n 62._o his_o constitution_n about_o festival_n and_o law-day_n 81._o king_n henry_n ii_o ratify_v the_o law_n of_o edw._n the_o confess_v and_o will._n the_o conqueror_n 81._o henry_n bishop_n of_o winchester_n convene_v k._n stephen_n to_o his_o synod_n 132._o heribannum_fw-la what_o 17._o heriot_n pay_v after_o the_o death_n of_o great_a men._n 31_o 32_o to_o who_o forgive_v 32._o the_o difference_n between_o they_o and_o relief_n 32_o 33._o by_o who_o and_o when_o first_o ordain_v 32._o what_o the_o word_n heriot_n signify_v ibid._n heriot_n and_o relief_n issue_v out_o of_o the_o same_o land_n 33._o no_o badge_n of_o land_n hold_v by_o knight-service_n ibid._n heydon_n 151._o high_a court_n see_v court_n of_o justice_n hikifricus_n pugil_n quidam_fw-la norfolciensis_fw-la 138._o hilary-term_n its_o ancient_a bound_n 82_o 83._o the_o end_n of_o it_o sometime_o hold_v in_o septuagesima_fw-la 95._o hockwold_n 161._o holkham_n 149._o holland_n tho_n marshal_v of_o england_n 168._o holland_n tho._n earl_n of_o kent_z duke_n of_o norfolk_n 169._o make_a earl_n marshal_n of_o england_n ibid._n holland_n tho._n farle_z marshal_z of_o england_n during_o the_o minority_n of_o john_n mowbray_n 165._o holme_n in_o norfolk_n 147_o 152_o homage_n by_o who_o first_o institute_v 5._o feodal_n homage_n 34._o of_o two_o sort_n ibid._n when_o begin_v in_o france_n and_o england_n ibid._n the_o reason_n of_o it_o 34_o 35._o who_o be_v to_o do_v it_o 35._o usual_a in_o soccage-tenure_n 35._o as_o well_o a_o personal_a as_o a_o praedial_a duty_n ibid._n homines_fw-la commendati_fw-la 35._o hominium_fw-la &_o homagium_fw-la what_o 34._o homagium_fw-la ligeum_fw-la ibid._n feodale_n aut_fw-la praediale_fw-la ibid._n hoveden_n roger_n when_o he_o write_v 31._o howard_n sir_n john_n kt._n create_a duke_n of_o norfolk_n and_o earl_n marshal_n of_o england_n 17●_n slay_a in_o bosworth-field_n ibid._n howard_n tho._n the_o son_n of_o the_o former_a earl_n of_o surrey_n 170._o imprison_v in_o the_o tower_n ibid._n defeat_v the_o scotch_a under_o k._n henry_n vii_o ibid._n make_a lord_n treasurer_n of_o england_n and_o restore_v to_o his_o father_n dignity_n ibid._n kill_v james_n iu._n k._n of_o scotland_n in_o battle_n ib._n send_v ambassador_n into_o france_n ibid._n make_a viceroy_n of_o england_n ibid._n where_o he_o die_v ibid._n howard_n tho._n the_o four_o duke_n of_o norfolk_n of_o that_o name_n and_o earl_n marshal_z of_o england_n 1●1_n howard_n tho._n the_o grandson_n of_o the_o former_a earl_n of_o arundel_n and_o surrey_n ibid._n the_o first_o earl_n of_o england_n ibid._n make_a earl_n marshal_n for_o life_n ibid._n hugh_n bishop_n of_o coventry_n exercise_v the_o sheriff_n place_n 116._o excommunicate_v ibid._n de_fw-fr hum●z_fw-fr