Selected quad for the lemma: land_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
land_n	king_n	prince_n	wales_n	1,928	5	10.3133	5	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A68397	The breuiary of Britayne As this most noble, and renowmed iland, was of auncient time deuided into three kingdomes, England, Scotland and Wales. Contaynyng a learned discourse of the variable state, [and] alteration therof, vnder diuers, as wel natural: as forren princes, [and] conquerours. Together with the geographicall description of the same, such as nether by elder, nor later writers, the like hath been set foorth before. Writen in Latin by Humfrey Lhuyd of Denbigh, a Cambre Britayne, and lately Englished by Thomas Twyne, Gentleman.; Commentarioli Britannicae descriptionis fragmentum. English	Llwyd, Humphrey, 1527-1568.; Twyne, Thomas, 1543-1613.	1573 (1573)	STC 16636; ESTC S108126	73,902	228

13_z englishman_n whence_o descend_v 12_o earl_n of_o glocestre_n 58_o etymology_n of_o britain_n 8_o etymology_n of_o gaulle_a 56_o euboniae_fw-la 49_o example_n of_o god_n judgement_n 69_o exeter_n 17_o fletcher_n family_n of_o stuarts_n in_o scotland_n 34_o family_n of_o gray_n in_o england_n 67_o family_n of_o fitzalane_n 72_o flavia_n 35_o flemmyng_n drive_v out_o of_o their_o own_o country_n what_o place_n they_o possess_v 57_o flint_n town_n 69_o forest_n of_o deane_n 74_o franci_n whence_o suppose_v to_o have_v spring_v 53._o france_n bound_v 56_o g_o gadini_n 47_o gloucester_n by_o who_o build_v 19_o golden_a number_a confute_v &_o reject_v 68_o gwynedh_n 58._o whence_o the_o king_n thereof_o so_o call_v 64_o grancestre_n 23_o gyldas_n reprove_v 93_o gyldo_n 42_o gylford_n 16_o gyllus_n usurper_n 42_o h_o hamo_fw-la with_o he_o twelve_o knight_n 80_o haste_v 93_o hebrides_n 49_o hengiscus_fw-la send_v against_o the_o scot_n and_o redshank_n 12_o henry_n the_o second_o vanquish_v 92_o henry_n the_o four_o 59_o henry_n the_o seven_o ib._n henry_n the_o eight_o 60_o henry_n earl_n of_o lincoln_n build_v a_o castle_n 66_o herald_n last_o king_n of_o danish_a blood_n 25_o hereford_n where_o it_o lie_v 74_o her_v take_v 65_o hibernenses_n afterward_o call_v scot_n 44_o hierome_n russelle_n reprove_v 28_o hierhaut_n and_o hierhautrye_n by_o welsh_a man_n diligent_o retain_v 7_o holt._n 70_o hopa_n 72_o how_o many_o city_n so_o many_o kingdom_n in_o britain_n 32_o huntingtonshire_n ●4_o i_o iceni_n what_o region_n they_o inhabit_v 23_o idiom_n or_o propriety_n of_o the_o british_a tongue_n 3_o jernaei_fw-la 4_o land_n about_o anglysea_n 64_o ilcestre_n 18_o irishman_n call_v afterward_o scots_n 44_o irland_n 49._o by_o who_o first_o endue_v with_o christianity_n 63_o julius_n the_o martyr_n where_o bury_v 82_o king_n kennethus_n king_n of_o scot_n 38_o kent_n 14_o kynton_n 74_o king_n of_o england_n elder_a son_n prince_n of_o wales_n 59_o king_n arthur_n 91_o king_n of_o powy_n why_o swallow_v into_o the_o earth_n 69_o l_o lancashyremen_n how_o term_v of_o old_a 32_o landas_n where_o it_o stand_v 80_o landonia_n 47._o of_o the_o redshank_n how_o call_v 48_o lhanydlos_n 73_o lasciviousness_n of_o the_o scot_n 43_o latitude_n of_o wales_n 57_o legion_n city_n site_n describe_v 82_o lemster_n 74_o letter_n of_o the_o britain_n their_o order_fw-fr form_n and_o pronunciation_n 1._o leycestershyremen_n 25_o lyncolnshyremen_n 24_o london_n by_o who_o build_v amplefy_v the_o name_n thereof_o 19_o a_o colony_n of_o the_o roman_n 20_o longitude_n of_o wales_n 56_o lucopibia_n how_o term_v and_o where_o it_o stand_v 30_o ludlaw_n 74._o lychfyeld_v 25_o m._n meatae_fw-la 48_o màilor_n divide_v 70_o malmsbury_n 19_o maluernhilles_n 74_o manchester_n 32_o mandubratius_n send_v for_o caesar_n into_o britain_n 19_o march_n a_o kingdom_n of_o england_n 27._o 32_o author_n who_o name_n and_o work_v be_v cite_v in_o this_o book_n ammianus_n annius_n antoninus_n appianus_n aristoteles_n athenaeus_n aurelius_n victor_n beatus_fw-la rhenanus_fw-la beda_n boëthius_n berosus_n caesar._n capgrave_n claudianus_n crantzius_n diodorus_n siculus_n dion_n eliote_n eutropius_n frossartus_fw-la giambularius_fw-la gothus_n gyldas_n gyraldus_n haymo_fw-la armenius_n hieronomus_n hierono_fw-it russellus_fw-la herodianus_n huntingtonensis_n iwenalis_n lampridius_n lazius_n lelandus_n lucanus_n maior_n mamertinus_n malmsburiensis_n marcellinus_n marianus_n scotus_n marius_n niger_n mela._n meyerus_n orosius_n panuinius_fw-la parisiensis_fw-la paulus_n diaconus_fw-la pausanias_n plinius_n plutarch_n polybius_n polydorus_n postellus_n ptolomaeus_n sextus_n rufus_n sidonius_n apollinaris_n spartianus_n solinus_n suetonius_n sigisbertus_n tacitus_n regino_n rhicuallensis_fw-la robertus_fw-la coenalis_n virgilius_n virunnius_n volateranus_fw-la vopiscus_n wilhelmus_fw-la paruus_fw-la the_o epistle_n of_o the_o author_n to_o the_o most_o adorn_v and_o best_a deserve_v to_o be_v reveren_n ce_z of_o all_o that_o love_v the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o mathematics_n abraham_n ortelius_n of_o andwarp_z dear_o belove_a ortelius_n that_o day_n wherein_o i_o be_v constayned_a to_o depart_v from_o london_n i_o receive_v your_o description_n of_o asia_n add_v before_o i_o come_v home_o to_o my_o house_n i_o fall_v into_o a_o very_a perilous_a fever_n which_o have_v so_o tear_v this_o poor_a body_n of_o i_o these_o x._o continual_a day_n that_o i_o be_v bring_v into_o despair_n of_o my_o life_n but_o my_o hope_n jesus_n christ_n be_v lay_v up_o in_o my_o bosom_n howbeit_o neither_o the_o daily_a shake_n of_o the_o continual_a fever_n with_o a_o double_a tertian_n neither_o the_o look_v for_o present_a death_n neither_o the_o vehement_a headache_n without_o intermission_n can_v put_v the_o remembrance_n of_o my_o ortelius_n out_o of_o my_o trouble_a brain_n wherefore_o i_o send_v unto_o you_o my_o wales_n not_o beutiful_o set_v forth_o in_o all_o point_n yet_o true_o depeint_v so_o be_v that_o certain_a note_n be_v observe_v which_o i_o gather_v even_o when_o i_o be_v ready_a to_o die_v you_o shall_v also_o receive_v the_o description_n of_o england_n set_v forth_o as_o well_o with_o the_o ancient_a name_n as_o those_o which_o be_v now_o use_v and_o a_o other_o england_n also_o draw_v forth_o perfect_o enough_o beside_o certain_a fragment_n write_v with_o my_o own_o hand_n which_o notwithstanding_o that_o they_o be_v write_v forth_o in_o a_o rude_a hand_n and_o seem_v to_o be_v imperfect_a yet_o doubt_v not_o they_o be_v well_o ground_v by_o proof_n and_o authority_n of_o ancient_a writer_n which_o also_o if_o god_n have_v spare_v i_o life_n you_o shall_v have_v receive_v in_o better_a order_n and_o in_o all_o respect_n perfect_a take_v therefore_o this_o last_o remembrance_n of_o thy_o humphrey_n and_o for_o ever_o adieu_n my_o dear_a friend_n ortelius_n from_o denbigh_n in_o gwynedh_n or_o north-wales_n the._n thirty_o of_o august_n 1568._o you_o both_o live_n and_o die_v humphrey_n lhuyd_v ¶_o the_o breviary_n of_o britain_n etc_n etc_n for_o so_o much_o as_o ▪_o in_o my_o last_o letter_n which_o i_o write_v unto_o you_o right_a learned_a sir_n in_o the_o which_o i_o promise_v within_o few_o day_n after_o to_o send_v you_o the_o geographical_a description_n of_o all_o britain_n set_v forth_o with_o the_o most_o ancient_a name_n as_o well_o latin_a as_o brittysh_v wherein_o i_o must_v much_o disagree_v from_o the_o opinion_n of_o learned_a man_n i_o think_v it_o expedient_a first_o in_o a_o few_o word_n to_o disclose_v effect_n of_o my_o purpose_n to_o all_o &_o by_o what_o argument_n and_o aucthoryty_n of_o the_o learned_a i_o be_o move_v partly_o to_o change_v &_o partly_o to_o ascribe_v unto_o other_o otherwise_o then_o those_o which_o write_v before_o i_o have_v do_v the_o name_n of_o country_n town_n river_n &_o other_o place_n which_o before_o i_o take_v in_o hand_n to_o do_v i_o purpose_v to_o entreat_v a_o little_a of_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o british_a tongue_n of_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o letter_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o pronounce_v the_o same_o whereby_o the_o true_a name_n both_o of_o the_o whole_a island_n and_o of_o many_o place_n therein_o may_v be_v manifest_a the_o ignorance_n of_o which_o tongue_n have_v drive_v many_o notable_a man_n to_o such_o shift_n that_o endevor_v to_o wind_v themselves_o out_o of_o one_o they_o have_v fall_v into_o many_o more_o and_o those_o more_o grosser_n error_n the_o order_fw-fr and_o signification_n of_o the_o letter_n letter_n be_v this_o as_o follow_v a._n b._n d._n e._n h._n l._n m._n n._n o._n p._n r._n s._n t._n they_o have_v the_o very_a same_o pronounciation_n in_o the_o british_a tongue_n which_o they_o have_v in_o the_o latin_a well_o pronounce_v c._n and._n g._n have_v the_o same_o force_n and_o signification_n be_v place_v before_o all_o the_o uowelle_n that_o they_o have_v before_o a._n and_o oh_o in_o the_o latin_a tongue_n ch._n express_v the_o nature_n of_o χ._fw-mi call_v chi_fw-mi among_o the_o grecian_n and_o have_v no_o affinity_n with_o the_o pronounciation_n in_o french_a or_o english_a of_o the_o same_o aspiration_n but_o be_v sound_v in_o the_o throat_n like_a ch_z in_o the_o hebrew_n double_v dd_n as_o it_o be_v common_o write_v amongst_o our_o country_n man_n or_o amongst_o the_o learned_a after_o this_o manner_n dh_o be_v pronounce_v like_o the_o greek_a delta_n or_o like_o the_o hebrew_n dale_z without_o dagas_fw-la we_o use_v fletcher_n always_o for_o five_o when_o it_o be_v a_o consonant_n as_o lhanfair_n be_v in_o read_v call_v lhanuair_n for_o five_o be_v always_o a_o vowel_n in_o steed_n of_o the_o latin_a fletcher_n we_o use_v ph_n or_o ff._n we_o make_v i_o continual_o a_o vowel_n as_o the_o greek_n do_v and_o be_v pronounce_v as_o the_o italian_a ay_o or_o rather_o as_o as_o the_o barbarous_a &_o unlearned_a priest_n in_o time_n past_o sound_v e._n we_o have_v also_o a_o peculiar_a letter_n to_o ourselves_o which_o the_o rude_a sort_n fashion_n

nothing_o trouble_v with_o hunger_n nor_o cold_a neither_o weary_a with_o martial_a affair_n neither_o fall_n into_o desperation_n by_o adversity_n but_o soon_o ready_a to_o rise_v up_o after_o a_o fall_n and_o press_v by_o and_o by_o again_o to_o assay_v the_o peril_n of_o war_n as_o in_o battle_n easy_a so_o in_o continuance_n of_o war_n hard_a to_o be_v overcome_v whereby_o claudianus_n seem_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o same_o nation_n say_v if_o that_o their_o heart_n you_o let_v a_o while_n 2._o to_o rest_v so_o many_o slaughter_n they_o devoid_a of_o sense_n do_v seem_v to_o take_v and_o of_o small_a price_n the_o loss_n of_o so_o much_o blood_n to_o deem_v thus_o much_o he_o and_o more_o which_o short_o god_n willing_a shall_v be_v set_v forth_o now_o let_v we_o come_v to_o the_o description_n of_o the_o land_n this_o land_n after_o the_o british_a destruction_n wales_n be_v divide_v into_o six_o region_n as_o i_o read_v of_o late_a in_o a_o very_a ancient_a book_n write_v of_o the_o law_n of_o the_o britain_n for_o say_v that_o book_n after_o that_o the_o saxon_n have_v vanquish_v the_o britain_n &_o obtain_v the_o sceptre_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o the_o crown_n of_o london_n all_o the_o people_n of_o wales_n assemble_v together_o at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n devey_v to_o choose_v a_o king_n and_o yno_o i_o doethant_a gwyr_n gwynedh_fw-mi à_fw-fr gwyr_n powy_n a_o gwyr_n deheubarth_n à_fw-fr reynnwc_n ac_fw-la esylluc_n à_fw-la morganuc_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v and_o thither_o come_v man_n of_o gwynedh_n and_o man_n of_o powy_n and_o man_n of_o deheubarth_n and_o of_o reynnucia_n and_o of_o syllucia_n and_o morgania_n &_o they_o choose_v maylgun_v who_o other_o call_v maclocunius_fw-la of_o ▪_o gwynedh_n to_o be_v their_o king_n this_o be_v about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n ●60_n howbeit_o afterward_o in_o the_o lamentable_a conflict_n against_o ethelfredus_n king_n of_o northumberland_n be_v recite_v the_o king_n of_o dynetia_n which_o false_o they_o call_v demetia_n of_o guenta_fw-la of_o powysia_n and_o of_o north-wales_n and_o in_o another_o place_n ●ention_n be_v make_v of_o the_o king_n of_o stra_n 〈…〉_o cluyde_v so_o that_o hereby_o it_o be_v easy_o 〈…〉_o ered_a that_o this_o country_n be_v subject_a 〈…〉_o ivers_n petikinge_n or_o earl_n unto_o rodericu●_n 〈…〉_o e_o of_o roderike_n the_o great_a who_z ob_fw-la 〈…〉_o the_o monarchy_n of_o all_o wales_n the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 843._o divide_v it_o into_o three_o part_n which_o he_o leave_v in_o possession_n of_o his_o three_o son_n for_o unto_o meruinius_fw-la as_o gyraldus_n term_v he_o to_o who_o i_o consent_v his_o elder_a son_n he_o give_v gwynedh_n to_o anaraudus_fw-la who_o some_o make_v the_o elder_a powy_n &_o to_o cadelhus_fw-la the_o young_a deheubarth_n and_o that_o i_o may_v use_v the_o word_n of_o gyldas_n southwales_n be_v allot_v to_o cadelhus_fw-la with_o the_o blessing_n and_o goodwill_n of_o all_o the_o people_n which_o they_o call_v deheubarth_n which_o be_v as_o much_o to_o say_v as_o the_o right_a side_n which_o although_o in_o quantity_n it_o be_v far_o the_o big_a notwithstanding_o by_o reason_n of_o noble_a man_n which_o in_o the_o welsh_a tongue_n be_v call_v vchelwyr_n that_o be_v to_o say_v high_a man_n wherewith_o it_o abound_v which_o be_v wont_a to_o rebel_v against_o their_o lord_n &_o to_o defy_v they_o in_o armour_n it_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o worse_a this_o division_n whilst_o their_o posterity_n contend_v among_o themselves_o in_o civil_a war_n and_o each_o of_o they_o alone_o with_o the_o englishman_n in_o external_a at_o last_o destroy_v the_o kingdom_n of_o wales_n the_o chief_a of_o these_o kingdom_n which_o the_o inhabitant_n call_v gwynedh_n englishmen_n north-wales_n &_o the_o latin_a writer_n corrupt_o venodotia_n have_v in_o venodotia_n ancient_a time_n these_o limit_n on_o the_o west_n and_o north_n side_n it_o have_v vergivium_fw-la or_o the_o irish_a ocean_n at_o the_o south-west_n and_o by_o south_n the_o river_n devye_fw-mi whereby_o it_o be_v cut_v of_o from_o southwales_n on_o the_o south_n and_o east_n side_n it_o be_v sever_v from_o powy_n and_o england_n with_o high_a hill_n and_o sometime_o with_o water_n unto_o the_o force_n of_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi the_o same_o also_o be_v part_v into_o four_o region_n which_o contain_v fifteen_o cantredi_n which_o signify_v a_o hundred_o village_n the_o principal_a of_o these_o region_n be_v the_o i_o will_v of_o anglysey_n of_o who_o we_o have_v speak_v in_o another_o place_n &_o in_o the_o same_o be_v a_o king_n palace_n the_o seat_n of_o north-wales_n in_o aberfraw_n whereof_o the_o king_n of_o gwynedh_n have_v the_o name_n of_o the_o king_n of_o aberfraw_n for_o in_o the_o law_n of_o howel_n dha_n that_o be_v to_o say_v good_a howel_n of_o wall_n both_o king_n and_o lawyer_n which_o i_o have_v see_v write_v both_o in_o the_o british_a and_o latin_a tongue_n it_o be_v decree_v that_o like_o as_o the_o king_n of_o aberfraw_n aught_o to_o pay_v threescore_o and_o three_o pound_n for_o tribute_n unto_o the_o king_n of_o london_n so_o likewise_o the_o king_n of_o dinesur_n a_o matrafall_n be_v several_o bind_v to_o pay_v so_o much_o whereby_o it_o appear_v that_o this_o wales_n king_n be_v the_o chief_a prince_n of_o all_o wales_n about_o anglysey_n be_v diverse_a little_a land_n as_o ynis_n adar_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o i_o will_v of_o bird_n sometime_o but_o now_o it_o be_v call_v ynis_n moylrhoniay_v to_o wit_n the_o i_o will_v of_o whale_n in_o english_a ysterisd_v also_o ynis_n lygod_n that_o be_v the_o i_o will_v of_o mouse_n and_o the_o i_o will_v seirial_n in_o english_a preêstholme_n the_o second_o region_n of_o gwynedh_n call_v arfon_n as_o who_o shall_v say_v above_o anglysey_n the_o best_a fortify_v part_n of_o all_o wales_n for_o it_o centeyn_v the_o high_a mountain_n and_o rock_n of_o all_o britain_n which_o we_o term_v yriri_fw-la the_o englishman_n snowdowne_n because_o they_o carry_v snow_n for_o height_n and_o plenty_n of_o cattle_n scarce_o inferior_a to_o the_o alps_n it_o have_v in_o it_o many_o river_n and_o stand_v water_n beyond_o who_o far_a promontory_n call_v lhynus_fw-la lie_v a_o i_o will_v which_o ptolomaeus_n term_v lymnos_n our_o countryman_n eulhi_n the_o englishman_n bardesey_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o i_o will_v of_o the_o bardi_n in_o arfon_n overagain_o anglysey_n stand_v a_o ancient_a city_n call_v of_o the_o roman_n segontium_n of_o the_o britain_n caërsegont_a of_o a_o river_n which_o pass_v thereby_o but_o now_o out_o of_o the_o ruin_n thereof_o there_o be_v a_o new_a town_n and_o a_o castle_n found_v by_o edward_n the_o first_o of_o 1._o that_o name_n king_n of_o england_n call_v caër_fw-la arfon_n that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o town_n upon_o anglysey_n and_o not_o far_o from_o thence_o overagain_o anglysey_n lie_v the_o bishop_n see_v of_o banchor_n and_o upon_o conway_n water_n which_o there_o ebb_v and_o slow_v stand_v conway_n of_o our_o country_n man_n call_v aberconwy_n a_o wall_a town_n build_v by_o the_o same_o king_n then_o follow_v meridnia_n with_o we_o merionydh_n and_o gyraldus_n call_v it_o the_o land_n of_o the_o son_n of_o conavius_fw-la the_o same_o as_o he_o say_v be_v the_o most_o rough_a and_o sharp_a of_o all_o wales_n have_v in_o it_o most_o high_a mountain_n the_o people_n use_v long_o spear_n wherewith_o they_o be_v of_o great_a force_n as_z the_o southwales_n man_n with_o their_o bow_n so_o that_o a_o harnies_n can_v bear_v it_o of_o so_o much_o he_o the_o sea_n coast_n there_o by_o occasion_n of_o take_v great_a her_v take_v be_v much_o frequent_v by_o people_n of_o diverse_a country_n in_o the_o same_o stand_v the_o town_n harlechia_n by_o the_o sea_n side_n and_o within_o the_o land_n be_v the_o great_a lake_n tegid_a through_o which_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi which_o we_o call_v doverduwy_a that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o water_n of_o dee_n flow_v where_o it_o be_v worth_a the_o note_n that_o there_o be_v in_o that_o pond_n a_o peculiar_a kind_n of_o fish_n which_o be_v never_o find_v in_o the_o run_a water_n neither_o the_o salmon_n whereof_o the_o river_n be_v full_a do_v ever_o entre_fw-fr into_o the_o lake_n in_o this_o country_n and_o in_o arfon_n be_v see_v great_a multitude_n of_o dear_a and_o goat_n upon_o the_o high_a hill_n and_o these_o two_o country_n of_o all_o wales_n cam_fw-la last_o into_o the_o power_n of_o the_o englishmen_n neither_o do_v the_o people_n of_o this_o country_n ever_o frequent_a domestical_a incursion_n but_o before_o our_o time_n always_o seem_v to_o obey_v law_n rightful_o the_o far_a &_o last_o part_n of_o gwynedh_n be_v call_v of_o our_o countryman_n berfedhwlad_a that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o inward_a and_o midland_n region_n and_o be_v sever_v from_o

divide_v it_o into_o many_o kingdom_n namely_o kent_n the_o south_n saxon_n the_o westsaxons_n the_o eastsaxons_n east_n englishmen_n the_o kingdom_n of_o march_n who_o lazius_n a_o man_n very_o well_o learned_a and_o well_o deserve_v of_o posterity_n in_o vain_a seek_v for_o in_o germany_n suppose_v the_o history_n of_o bede_n to_o be_v write_v of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o germany_n and_o not_o of_o england_n and_o northumberland_n which_o be_v also_o divide_v into_o twain_o bernicia_n and_o deira_n who_o king_n be_v pagan_n destroy_v with_o fire_n and_o sword_n all_o church_n monastery_n and_o library_n and_o after_o that_o they_o have_v receive_v christianity_n by_o augustine_n the_o monk_n monk_n they_o fight_v many_o battle_n both_o among_o themselves_o and_o against_o the_o britain_n until_o that_o about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o egbert_n lord_n 620._o egbert_n king_n of_o the_o westsaxon_n be_v make_v monarch_n of_o all_o begin_v to_o rule_v alone_o and_o first_o of_o all_o command_v that_o the_o country_n shall_v be_v call_v england_n and_o the_o people_n englishmen_n englishmen_n be_v a_o very_a famous_a people_n of_o germany_n whereof_o the_o captain_n and_o chief_n of_o saxony_n as_o crantzius_n report_v be_v long_o time_n call_v captain_n of_o anglaria_n and_o there_o remain_v yet_o as_o i_o have_v read_v a_o castle_n where_o they_o sometime_o abode_n term_v now_o engern_n in_o the_o frontier_n of_o westphalia_n between_o osnabrugh_n and_o heruordia_n whereby_o it_o come_v that_o our_o countryman_n retain_v the_o first_o name_n do_v call_v all_o englishman_n saison_n and_o their_o tongue_n saissonaëg_n and_o know_v not_o what_o this_o word_n england_n or_o a_o englishman_n mean_v short_o after_o the_o dane_n over_o come_v the_o englishman_n &_o possess_v this_o land_n until_o the_o year_n of_o the_o incarnate_a bastard_n word_n 1066_o william_n bastard_n of_o normandy_n with_o his_o normans_n vanquishing_n both_o englishman_n and_o dane_n usurp_v the_o country_n from_o which_o stock_n almost_o the_o whole_a nobility_n of_o this_o realm_n unto_o this_o day_n do_v fetch_v their_o descent_n but_o let_v we_o return_v to_o lhoëgr_n which_o lhoëgr_n in_o time_n past_a be_v environ_v with_o the_o british_a ocean_n the_o river_n of_o severne_n dee_n and_o humber_n but_o now_o since_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n stretchefoorth_o beyond_o humber_n to_o twede_v we_o will_v also_o stretch_v forth_o the_o name_n of_o lhoëgr_n so_o far_o and_o although_o the_o englishman_n do_v possess_v beyond_o severn_n hereford_n shire_n the_o forest_n of_o deane_n and_o many_o other_o place_n yet_o we_o hold_v that_o they_o dwell_v in_o wales_n not_o in_o lhëogr_n and_o be_v take_v almost_o every_o where_o of_o all_o other_o englishman_n for_o welshman_n but_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi be_v account_v at_o this_o day_n one_o of_o the_o ancient_a bond_n save_v that_o in_o certain_a place_n both_o the_o people_n &_o the_o welsh_a tongue_n have_v encroach_v 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at_o this_o day_n do_v call_v dover_n for_o we_o call_v water_n dover_n dour_a or_o duúr_n and_o i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a that_o the_o dovarians_n stout_o defend_v that_o their_o town_n heretofore_o be_v call_v rutupium_n and_o that_o aruiragus_n king_n of_o britain_n build_v there_o a_o noble_a castle_n yet_o i_o have_v rather_o give_v credit_n to_o antoninus_n who_o speak_v of_o both_o and_o i_o suppose_v that_o to_o be_v rutupium_n which_o of_o the_o englishman_n be_v call_v repcestre_n nigh_o sandwiche_n not_o far_o from_o the_o isle_n of_o thanat_n for_o that_o i_o land_n we_o call_v thanat_n ynys_n rhuochym_n as_o much_o to_o say_v rutupina_n whereof_o the_o shore_n deserve_v to_o be_v term_v rutupinum_n and_o the_o porte_fw-fr rutupis_n lemanis_n or_o as_o some_o call_v it_o linienus_fw-la be_v that_o river_n which_o be_v now_o call_v amongst_o the_o englishman_n rotler_n rotler_n and_o flow_v into_o the_o ocean_n sea_n nigh_o apuldore_v moreover_o beside_o sea_n these_o famous_a port_n be_v rye_n and_o wynchelsea_n two_o town_n &_o far_a within_o the_o main_n land_n durobrevis_fw-la and_o durovernum_fw-la the_o same_o englishman_n do_v call_v cantorbury_n that_o be_v to_o say_v cantorburie_n the_o court_n of_o the_o kentyshman_n and_o with_o we_o caërgant_n and_o be_v chief_a metropolitant_a sea_n of_o all_o england_n and_o wales_n the_o tother_o be_v term_v rofcester_n but_o antoninus_n place_v vagniacum_n between_o london_n and_o dorovernum_fw-la &_o between_o that_o and_o durovernum_fw-la durolernum_fw-la but_o what_o name_v they_o have_v at_o this_o day_n i_o be_o not_o altogether_o ignorant_a howbeit_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o these_o town_n take_v their_o name_n of_o water_n which_o be_v duur_n in_o british_a and_o duriverne_v amongst_o we_o plain_o signify_v water_n which_o flow_v out_o of_o a_o place_n where_o alder_n grow_v whereby_o i_o be_o persuade_v that_o the_o same_o town_n in_o time_n pass_v thereof_o obtain_v his_o name_n but_o 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wolden_a as_o in_o these_o word_n cottiswolden_a and_o pork_n will_v it_o appear_v next_o unto_o the_o kentishman_n on_o the_o southside_n of_o the_o thames_n be_v those_o which_o in_o time_n past_a be_v the_o second_o kingdom_n of_o southsaxson_n and_o be_v term_v southsaxon_n but_o be_v now_o divide_v into_o two_o shire_n southsex_n and_o southtrey_n and_o i_o be_o of_o belief_n that_o neomaguin_n be_v their_o city_n where_o chichester_n gylford_n now_o stand_v chichester_n the_o chief_a city_n of_o southsaxons_n be_v call_v caërceri_fw-la in_o british_a after_o these_o come_v the_o atrabates_n which_o now_o be_v call_v the_o people_n of_o barkshyre_n who_o principal_a city_n in_o old_a time_n be_v call_v walingford_n caleva_n but_o now_o walyngford_n wherein_o i_o can_v consent_v to_o those_o which_o call_v oxford_n caleva_n stand_v on_o the_o north_n shore_n of_o the_o thames_n there_o be_v also_o a_o village_n name_v cilcester_n not_o far_o from_o basinge_v which_o before_o time_n be_v call_v caërsegent_n and_o segontium_n of_o

like_o ll_o but_o the_o better_a learn_v write_v with_o lh_o i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a that_o the_o spayniarde_n have_v in_o use_n ll_o and_o so_o have_v the_o german_n lh_o as_o in_o the_o proper_a name_n of_o lhudovicus_fw-la &_o lhotharius_fw-la the_o emperor_n in_o panuinius_fw-la be_v evident_a but_o neither_o of_o these_o express_v we_o howbeit_o i_o take_v it_o rather_o that_o the_o mexicani_fw-la ▪_o which_o inhabit_v the_o newfound_a world_n do_v use_v that_o letter_n which_o the_o spayniarde_n express_v by_o ll_o but_o because_o i_o be_v never_o amongst_o they_o i_o doubt_v whether_o it_o be_v so_o or_o not_o for_o we_o be_v sharp_a in_o the_o hiss_a for_o this_o letter_n l_o be_v pronounce_v with_o a_o strong_a aspiration_n put_v the_o tongue_n hard_o to_o the_o tooth_n be_v half_o open_a hold_v the_o lip_n immovable_a the_o right_a pronounciation_n whereof_o be_v not_o easy_o learn_v but_o by_o much_o excercise_n v._o have_v always_o the_o force_n of_o a_o vowel_n and_o have_v almost_o the_o sound_n which_o the_o french_a v_o have_v or_o the_o hebrew_n kibutz_n for_o v._o we_o use_v single_a fletcher_n the_o consonant_n beside_o the_o five_o vowelle_n which_o the_o latin_n use_v we_o have_v other_o twain_o wherein_o we_o follow_v the_o greek_n first_o double_a w_n and_o sound_v not_o much_o unlike_o the_o latin_a v_o or_o to_o speak_v more_o plain_o as_o the_o simple_a heretofore_o be_v wont_v in_o latin_a false_o and_o barbarous_o to_o pronounce_v o._n the_o last_o of_o the_o letter_n and_o vowel_n be_v you_o which_o we_o must_v examine_v hard_o to_o be_v pronounce_v somewhat_o like_o ypsylon_n as_o the_o learned_a of_o th'uniuersitie_n of_o drford_n do_v pronounce_v it_o l._n x._o &_o z._n be_v nothing_o needful_a to_o the_o writing_a of_o our_o word_n for_o king_n we_o use_v c_o as_z we_o say_v before_o we_o have_v also_o many_o dipthong_n in_o which_o both_o vowel_n yea_o if_o there_o be_v three_o as_o it_o chance_v often_o keep_v their_o full_a 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into_o th._n and_o into_o nh_v c_o into_o g_z change_z and_o into_o ngh._n as_o appear_v in_o these_o example_n a_o head_n be_v call_v pén_n in_o our_o tongue_n out_o of_o the_o head_n o_o bén_n or_o his_o head_n i_z bén_n with_o a_o head_n a_o phén_n or_o her_o head_n i_z phén_n my_o head_n fymhén_n hear_v you_o see_v a_o strange_a mutation_n of_o this_o letter_n when_o it_o be_v call_v in_o one_o place_n pén_n in_o another_o bén_n in_o the_o third_o phén_n and_o last_o of_o all_o mhén_n likewise_o fire_n in_o british_a be_v call_v tán_n out_o of_o fire_n o_o dan_o with_o fire_n a_o than_o my_o fire_n fynhán_n in_o like_a manner_n c_o be_v change_v for_o love_n be_v call_v in_o our_o tongue_n cariad_n out_o of_o love_n o_o gariad_a with_o love_n a_o chariad_n my_o love_n fynghariad_n also_o b_o with_o d_z and_o g_z radical_n have_v their_o peculiar_a variation_n as_o for_o example_n sake_n bara_n which_o signify_v bread_n out_o of_o bread_n o_o fara_fw-mi where_o f._n have_v the_o force_n of_o five_o consonant_n my_o bread_n fymara_fw-la and_o like_v as_o b._n be_v change_v into_o fletcher_n and_o m_o so_o be_v d_z into_o dh_o and_o n_o as_o duw_n with_o we_o the_o name_n of_o god_n which_o be_v so_o likewise_o pronounce_v by_o the_o frenchman_n though_o it_o be_v not_o write_v with_o the_o same_o letter_n out_o of_o god_n o_o dhuw_n my_o god_n fynuw_n g._n in_o the_o first_o place_n vanish_v away_o in_o the_o second_o place_n it_o be_v turn_v into_o ng_z as_o gwr_n which_o signify_v a_o man_n out_o of_o a_o man_n o_o wr_fw-mi my_o man_n fyngwr_n beside_o these_o lm_o &_o kh_o have_v one_o only_a variation_n as_o lhyfyr_n a_o book_n out_o of_o a_o book_n o_o lyfyr_n mon_fw-fr the_o isle_n of_o angleysey_n out_o of_o angleysey_n o_o fonn_n rhufayn_n rome_n out_o of_o rome_n o_o rhufayn_n the_o other_o be_v never_o radicale_n as_o d_z f_o t_o h_o l_o k._n or_o else_o they_o be_v not_o change_v as_o ph_n change_z n_o and_o s._n this_o foundation_n be_v britayn_n lay_v which_o have_v trouble_v many_o learned_a man_n let_v we_o now_o come_v to_o the_o geographical_a description_n of_o the_o island_n and_o first_o of_o all_o let_v we_o brief_o lay_v forth_o what_o diverse_a man_n have_v diverse_o write_v of_o the_o name_n thereof_o aristotle_n a_o grave_a author_n in_o his_o aristotle_n book_n de_fw-fr mundo_fw-la of_o the_o world_n which_o he_o write_v to_o alexander_n affirm_v that_o there_o be_v two_o very_o great_a island_n in_o th`oceane_n beyond_o hercules_n pillar_n lie_v above_o the_o celtae_n which_o he_o call_v brittanicas_fw-la namely_o albion_n and_o ièrnai_n which_o name_n of_o albion_n both_o we_o and_o also_o the_o roman_a history_n do_v acknowledge_v as_o very_o ancient_a and_o derive_v from_o albion_n the_o son_n of_o neptunè_n there_o reign_v about_o the_o year_n of_o the_o world_n creation_n 2220._o whereof_o god_n will_v we_o will_v speak_v more_o at_o large_a in_o another_o place_n but_o whereas_o some_o say_v that_o it_o 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know_v not_o only_o to_o be_v the_o head_n of_o tegenia_n but_o also_o the_o whole_a shire_n after_o the_o description_n of_o gwynedh_n powisia_n let_v we_o now_o come_v to_o powy_n the_o second_o kingdom_n of_o wales_n which_o in_o the_o time_n of_o german_a altisiodorensis_n which_o preach_v sometime_o there_o against_o pelagius_n heresy_n be_v of_o power_n â–ª_o as_o be_v gather_v out_o of_o his_o life_n the_o king_n whereof_o as_o be_v there_o read_v because_o he_o refuse_v â–ª_o to_o hear_v that_o good_a man_n by_o the_o secret_a and_o terrible_a judgement_n of_o god_n with_o his_o palace_n and_o all_o his_o household_n be_v swallow_v up_o into_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o that_o place_n whereas_o not_o far_o from_o oswastry_n be_v now_o a_o stand_v water_n of_o a_o unknown_a depth_n call_v lhunclys_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o devour_n of_o the_o palace_n and_o there_o be_v many_o church_n find_v in_o the_o fame_n province_n dedicate_v to_o the_o name_n of_o german_a the_o city_n of_o schreusbury_n in_o old_a time_n be_v the_o prince_n seat_n of_o this_o kingdom_n but_o when_o the_o englishman_n have_v take_v it_o it_o be_v translate_v to_o mathraval_a a_o place_n five_o mile_n from_o pole_n of_o powy_n this_o region_n have_v on_o the_o northside_n gwynedh_n on_o the_o east_n from_o chestre_n unto_o herford_n england_n on_o the_o south_n &_o west_n the_o river_n wey_n and_o very_o high_a hill_n whereby_o it_o be_v disjoin_v from_o southwales_n and_o because_o the_o land_n be_v plain_a and_o near_o to_o england_n and_o much_o vex_v with_o continual_a war_n by_o englishman_n and_o afterward_o by_o the_o norman_n this_o part_n of_o wales_n do_v first_o experiment_n the_o yoke_n of_o english_a subjection_n which_o brood_v stout_a man_n and_o such_o who_o nature_n can_v not_o abide_v to_o be_v at_o rest_n but_o give_v to_o murder_n and_o excursion_n not_o only_o procure_v infinite_a trouble_n unto_o the_o king_n of_o england_n but_o wrought_v also_o 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the_o most_o notable_a and_o famous_a monastery_n of_o banchor_n while_o the_o glory_n of_o the_o britain_n flourish_v in_o the_o same_o be_v two_o thousand_o &_o one_o hundred_o monk_n very_o well_o order_v &_o learned_a and_o divide_v into_o seven_o sort_n daily_o serve_v god_n among_o who_o those_o which_o be_v simple_a and_o unlearned_a by_o their_o handy_a labour_n provide_v meat_n and_o drink_v and_o apparel_n for_o the_o learned_a and_o such_o as_o apply_v their_o study_n and_o if_o any_o thing_n be_v remain_v they_o divide_v it_o unto_o the_o poor_a that_o place_n have_v send_v forth_o many_o hundred_o of_o excellent_o well_o learned_a man_n amongst_o who_o it_o have_v also_o vomit_v forth_o to_o the_o world_n the_o most_o detestable_a archeheretick_n pelagius_n and_o afterward_o through_o pelagius_n the_o envy_n and_o malice_n of_o augustine_n not_o the_o bishop_n of_o hippo_n but_o the_o most_o arrogant_a monk_n and_o the_o most_o cruel_a execution_n of_o his_o minister_fw-fr ethelfrede_fw-la worthy_a man_n of_o far_o more_o perfect_a order_fw-fr than_o he_o be_v of_o be_v make_v away_o and_o deed_n the_o whole_a house_n from_o the_o very_a foundation_n together_o with_o their_o most_o noble_a liberary_n more_o precious_a than_o gold_n be_v raise_v down_o and_o destroy_v with_o fire_n and_o sword_n it_o be_v overlong_o to_o repeat_v what_o moonk_a latin_a and_o british_a chronicle_n do_v report_n of_o the_o intolerable_a pride_n of_o this_o man_n for_o when_o he_o sit_v in_o his_o regal_a seat_n disdain_v to_o rise_v up_o unto_o the_o british_a bishop_n which_o come_v unto_o he_o humble_o and_o meek_o as_o it_o become_v christian_n to_o do_v they_o behold_v the_o same_o both_o judge_v and_o say_v that_o he_o be_v not_o the_o minister_fw-fr of_o y_fw-fr most_o gentle_a and_o meek_a lamb_n christ_n but_o of_o lucifer_n as_o they_o have_v learn_v in_o the_o holy_a scripture_n &_o so_o they_o depart_v home_o again_o for_o which_o contempt_n and_o reproach_n and_o partly_o also_o because_o they_o agree_v not_o in_o some_o point_v with_o the_o archbishop_n of_o cantorbury_n which_o he_o have_v appoint_v &_o with_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n he_o so_o stir_v the_o hate_n of_o the_o englishman_n against_o they_o that_o short_o after_o as_o i_o say_v by_o ethelfred_n through_o the_o aid_n and_o help_v of_o ethelbert_n king_n of_o kent_n provoke_v thereto_o by_o augustine_n the_o mounkes_n which_o desire_v peace_n be_v most_o cruel_o slay_v and_o afterward_o the_o britain_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o brochwell_n king_n of_o powy_n be_v vanquish_v until_o that_o at_o length_n be_v aid_v with_o power_n from_o belthrusius_fw-la duke_n of_o cornwall_n caduane_a king_n of_o north-wales_n meredoc_n king_n of_o southwales_n and_o hearten_v forward_o by_o the_o oration_n of_o their_o most_o learned_a abbot_n dunetus_n dunetus_n who_o command_v as_o our_o chronacles_n report_n that_o every_o one_o shall_v kiss_v the_o ground_n in_o remembrance_n of_o place_n the_o communion_n of_o the_o body_n of_o our_o lord_n &_o shall_v take_v up_o water_n in_o their_o hand_n forth_o of_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi and_o drink_v it_o in_o commemoration_n of_o the_o most_o sacred_a blood_n of_o christ_n which_o be_v shed_v for_o they_o who_o have_v so_o communicate_v they_o overcome_v the_o saxon_n in_o a_o famous_a battle_n and_o slay_v of_o they_o as_o huntyngton_n write_v a_o thousand_o threescore_o and_o six_o and_o create_v carduanus_fw-la their_o king_n in_o the_o city_n of_o legion_n next_o ensue_v yale_n and_o chyrk_n hilly_a country_n in_o this_o last_o stand_v that_o antique_a castle_n which_o at_o this_o day_n be_v call_v brennus_n palace_n and_o these_o appertain_v unto_o denbighshyre_n but_o more_o to_o the_o north_n be_v stradalin_n so_o name_v of_o the_o river_n alyn_n and_o hope_v of_o fluitenshire_n towards_o schreusbury_n lie_v fitzalane_n whittington_n and_o oswastrey_n a_o noble_a market_n and_o enwall_v round_o at_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o fitzalane_n a_o most_o ancient_a family_n of_o england_n who_o inheritance_n it_o be_v and_o these_o belong_v unto_o schropshire_n above_o these_o in_o the_o west_n be_v the_o edeirnion_n man_n join_v now_o unto_o the_o merionydh_fw-mi man_n upon_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi and_o all_o these_o at_o this_o present_n be_v call_v gwynedhij_fw-la or_o man_n of_o gwynedh_n for_o the_o name_n of_o the_o man_n of_o powis_n be_v perish_v amongst_o they_o the_o second_o region_n of_o powy_n contain_v the_o same_o province_n which_o now_o only_o enjoy_v the_o name_n of_o powy_n and_o sometime_o stretch_v very_o wide_a but_o now_o contain_v only_o three_o cantrede_n lie_v whole_o on_o the_o northside_n of_o the_o river_n severn_n which_o be_v the_o second_o river_n of_o severn_n britain_n fall_a from_o the_o high_a mountain_n of_o plymnonia_n and_o rise_v forth_o of_o the_o same_o head_n with_o wey_n and_o rhydwe_o and_o run_a throuhh_n arwistli_n and_o kedewen_v in_o powy_n make_v speed_n to_o schreusbury_n and_o so_o flow_v forward_o through_o brydgenorth_n worcestre_n and_o glocestre_n from_o which_o not_o far_o of_o it_o ebb_v and_o flow_v and_o between_o wales_n devonshyre_n and_o cornwall_n bear_v name_n of_o the_o severn_n sea._n our_o countryman_n term_v it_o hafren_n and_o not_o severn_v as_o the_o englishman_n do_v the_o chief_n town_n and_o king_n seat_n of_o powy_n call_v matrafal_n retain_v the_o ancient_a name_n howbeit_o the_o building_n be_v deface_v and_o wear_v and_o one_o mile_n from_o severn_n stand_v a_o town_n the_o only_a market_n of_o all_o that_o region_n of_o the_o englishman_n pole_n of_o the_o welshman_n call_v tralhung_a that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o town_n of_o the_o stand_v water_n so_o call_v of_o the_o lake_n whereto_o it_o be_v nigh_o where_o there_o stand_v aloft_o two_o castle_n build_v sometime_o by_o the_o prince_n of_o powy_n this_o princedom_n come_v by_o