tempestive_a &_o intempestive_a pro_fw-la voluntate_fw-la domini_fw-la possent_fw-la resumi_fw-la &_o revocari_fw-la as_o bracton_n and_o fleta_n both_o speak_v the_o lord_n upon_o the_o least_o occasion_n sometime_o without_o any_o colour_n of_o reason_n only_o upon_o discontentment_n and_o malice_n sometime_o again_o upon_o some_o sudden_a fantastic_a humour_n only_o to_o make_v evident_a to_o the_o world_n the_o height_n of_o their_o power_n and_o authority_n will_v expel_v out_o of_o house_n and_o home_n their_o poor_a copy-holders_n leave_v they_o helpless_a and_o remediless_a by_o any_o course_n of_o law_n and_o drive_v they_o to_o sue_v by_o way_n of_o petition_n sec_n ix_o but_o now_o copy-holders_n stand_n upon_o a_o sure_a ground_n now_o they_o weigh_v not_o their_o lord_n displeasure_n they_o shake_v not_o at_o every_o sudden_a blast_n of_o wind_n they_o eat_v drink_n and_o sleep_v secure_o only_o have_v a_o special_a care_n of_o the_o mainechance_v viz._n to_o perform_v careful_o what_o duty_n and_o service_n soever_o their_o tenure_n do_v exact_a and_o custom_n do_v require_v then_o let_v lord_n frown_v the_o copyholder_n care_v not_o know_v himself_o safe_a and_o not_o within_o any_o danger_n for_o if_o the_o lord_n anger_v grow_v to_o expulsion_n the_o law_n have_v provide_v several_a weapon_n of_o remedy_n for_o it_o be_v at_o his_o election_n either_o to_o sue_v a_o subpoena_fw-la or_o a_o action_n of_o trespass_n against_o the_o lord_n time_n have_v deal_v very_o favourable_o with_o copy-holders_n in_o divers_a respect_n sec_n x._o but_o i_o perceive_v myself_o rash_o running_n into_o a_o inextricable_a labyrinth_n i_o will_v therefore_o sail_v no_o long_o in_o these_o unknown_a coast_n but_o will_v hasten_v homeward_o i_o will_v content_v my_o self_n with_o this_o i_o know_v among_o the_o saxon_n th'essential_a part_n of_o a_o manor_n be_v know_v but_o whether_o there_o then_o be_v the_o same_o form_n of_o manor_n which_o be_v at_o this_o day_n that_o i_o dare_v not_o examine_v for_o fear_v of_o be_v account_v more_o curious_a than_o judicious_a and_o therefore_o leave_v the_o saxon_n i_o draw_v somewhat_o near_o home_n and_o come_v to_o the_o norman_n from_o who_o we_o have_v the_o very_a form_n of_o manor_n which_o be_v observe_v among_o we_o at_o this_o present_a hour_n sec_n xi_o i_o confess_v indeed_o that_o sithence_o the_o original_a creation_n of_o manor_n time_n have_v bring_v in_o some_o innovation_n and_o alteration_n as_o in_o give_v a_o large_a freedom_n unto_o copy-holders_n both_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o their_o service_n and_o in_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o tenure_n yet_o i_o may_v bold_o say_v that_o the_o selfsame_o form_n of_o manor_n remain_v unaltered_a in_o substance_n though_o something_o alter_v in_o circumstance_n demesne_n term_v in_o latin_a demanium_fw-la domanium_fw-la or_o dominicum_fw-la be_v take_v in_o a_o double_a sense_n proprie_fw-la and_o improprie_fw-la proprie_fw-la for_o that_o land_n which_o be_v in_o the_o king_n own_o hand_n 2._o chopimus_fw-la de_fw-la demonio_fw-la froute_fw-mi lib._n 2._o and_o the_o chopimus_fw-la say_v that_o domanium_fw-la est_fw-la illud_fw-la quod_fw-la consecratum_fw-la unitum_fw-la &_o incorporatum_fw-la est_fw-la regiae_fw-la coronae_fw-la take_v domanium_fw-la in_o this_o sense_n and_o then_o you_o exclude_v all_o common_a person_n from_o be_v seize_v in_o dominico_n for_o admit_v the_o king_n pass_v over_o the_o demesne_n land_n as_o soon_o as_o they_o come_v into_o a_o common_a person_n hand_n desinunt_fw-la esse_fw-la terrae_fw-la dominicales_fw-la for_o though_o the_o king_n pattentee_n have_v the_o land_n grant_v to_o he_o and_o to_o his_o heir_n yet_o come_v from_o the_o king_n must_v necessary_o be_v hold_v of_o the_o king_n it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o demesne_n land_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o any_o therefore_o though_o those_o land_n which_o common_o be_v term_v ancient_a demesne_n viz._n such_o land_n as_o be_v quondam_a in_o the_o hand_n of_o edw._n the_o confessor_n may_v proper_o be_v term_v general_o ancient_a demesne_n because_o they_o be_v in_o ancient_a time_n in_o the_o king_n own_o possession_n yet_o to_o term_v they_o at_o this_o day_n the_o lord_n demesne_n or_o the_o tenant_n demesne_n be_v sever_v from_o the_o crown_n be_v improper_a ca._n qua_fw-la super_fw-la sec_n xii_o then_o by_o this_o it_o appear_v that_o those_o land_n be_v term_v impropriè_fw-la demesne_fw-la which_o be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o inferior_a lord_n or_o tenant_n nor_o can_v such_o a_o one_o in_o propriety_n of_o speech_n be_v say_v to_o stand_v seize_v of_o any_o land_n whatsoever_o in_o dominico_n svo_fw-la but_o if_o you_o observe_v narrow_o the_o manner_n of_o plead_n the_o word_n be_v use_v in_o a_o proper_a sense_n for_o you_o shall_v never_o find_v that_o a_o inferior_a lord_n or_o tenant_n will_v plead_v that_o he_o be_v simple_o seize_v in_o dominico_n but_o still_o with_o this_o addition_n in_o dominico_n svo_fw-la ut_fw-la de_fw-la feodo_fw-la and_o that_o very_o apt_o for_o this_o word_n fee_n impli_v thus_o much_o that_o his_o estate_n be_v not_o absolute_a but_o depend_v upon_o some_o superior_a lord_n therefore_o i_o conclude_v with_o the_o feudist_n that_o a_o common_a person_n may_v apt_o be_v say_v to_o stand_v seize_v in_o feodo_n or_o in_o dominico_n svo_fw-la ut_fw-la de_fw-la seod_fw-la but_o improper_o in_o dominico_n simple_o the_o king_n è_fw-la conuerso_fw-la may_v proper_o be_v say_v to_o stand_v seize_v dominico_n simple_o but_o in_o feodo_n improper_o or_o in_o dominico_n svo_fw-la ut_fw-la de_fw-la feodo_fw-la bracton_n divide_v these_o demesne_n land_n into_o two_o branch_n under_o the_o first_o be_v comprehend_v those_o land_n which_o the_o lord_n enjoy_v in_o his_o own_o possession_n under_o the_o second_o those_o land_n which_o be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o inferior_a copy-holders_n his_o word_n be_v these_o dominicum_fw-la dicitur_fw-la quod_fw-la quis_fw-la habet_fw-la ad_fw-la mensam_fw-la svam_fw-la &_o idcirco_fw-la anglice_fw-la vocat_fw-la bordland_n 5._o bract._n lib._n 4._o tract_n 3._o cap._n 9_o numb_a 5._o dicitur_fw-la etiam_fw-la dominicum_fw-la villinagium_fw-la quod_fw-la traditur_fw-la villanis_fw-la quod_fw-la quis_fw-la tempestive_n &_o intempestive_a resumere_fw-la possit_fw-la pro_fw-la voluntate_fw-la sva_fw-la &_o revocare_fw-la sec_n xiii_o fleta_n agree_v with_o bracton_n in_o this_o division_n 5._o fleta_n lib._n 5._o cap._n 5._o and_o unto_o these_o two_o he_o add_v more_o sort_n of_o demesne_n land_n his_o word_n be_v these_o dominicum_fw-la est_fw-la multiplex_fw-la est_fw-la autem_fw-la dominicum_fw-la proprie_fw-la terra_fw-la ad_fw-la mensam_fw-la assignata_fw-la &_o villinagium_fw-la quod_fw-la traditur_fw-la villanis_fw-la ad_fw-la excolendum_fw-la quae_fw-la tempestive_a &_o intempestive_a pro_fw-la voluntate_fw-la domimi_fw-la &_o poterit_fw-la revocari_fw-la sicut_fw-la est_fw-la de_fw-la terra_fw-la commissa_fw-la tenend_n quamdiu_fw-la commissori_fw-la placuerit_fw-la poterit_fw-la &_o dici_fw-la dominicum_fw-la de_fw-la quo_fw-la quis_fw-la habet_fw-la liberum_fw-la tenementum_fw-la alius_fw-la usum_fw-la fruct_v &_o etiam_fw-la ubi_fw-la quis_fw-la habet_fw-la liberum_fw-la tenementum_fw-la aliter_fw-la curam_fw-la de_fw-la custode_fw-la dicipoterit_fw-la &_o curatore_fw-la quorun_v unus_fw-la dicitur_fw-la ab_fw-la homine_fw-la alius_fw-la in_o jure_fw-la dominicum_fw-la etiam_fw-la dicitur_fw-la ad_fw-la differentiam_fw-la ejus_fw-la quod_fw-la tenetur_fw-la in_o servitio_fw-la dominicum_fw-la denique_fw-la est_fw-la omne_fw-la illud_fw-la tenementum_fw-la de_fw-la quo_fw-la antecessor_n obiit_fw-la sesitus_fw-la nec_fw-la refert_fw-la cum_fw-la usu_fw-la fructu_fw-la vel_fw-la sine_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr quo_fw-la si_fw-la ejectus_fw-la esset_fw-la recuperare_fw-la possit_fw-la per_fw-la assisam_fw-la nove_fw-la deseisme_n licet_fw-la alius_fw-la haberet_fw-la usum_fw-la fructum_fw-la sicut_fw-la dici_fw-la poterit_fw-la de_fw-la illis_fw-la qui_fw-la tenent_fw-la in_o villenagio_fw-it qui_fw-la utuntur_fw-la &_o fruuntur_fw-la non_fw-la nemine_fw-la proprio_fw-la sed_fw-la nomine_fw-la domini_fw-la svi_fw-la sec_n fourteen_o this_o opinion_n of_o bract._n and_o fleta_n bo_o h_o consent_v in_o one_o that_o copyhold_n land_n be_v parcel_n of_o the_o lord_n demesne_n want_v not_o modern_a authority_n to_o second_v it_o for_o 15._o eliz._n in_o the_o excheq_n i_o find_v it_o adjudge_v in_o the_o case_n of_o a_o common_a person_n howsoever_o it_o be_v otherwise_o in_o the_o king_n case_n that_o if_o the_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n grant_v a_o way_n omnes_fw-la terras_fw-la svas_fw-la dominicales_fw-la the_o copy_n hold_v parcel_n of_o the_o manor_n pass_v by_o these_o general_a word_n neither_o do_v this_o want_n reason_n to_o confirm_v it_o for_o in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o 3._o and_o e._n 2._o when_o bract._n and_o fleta_n live_v copy-holders_n be_v account_v mere_a tenant_n at_o will_n and_o therefore_o after_o a_o sort_n their_o land_n repute_v to_o continue_v still_o in_o the_o lord_n hand_n and_o now_o though_o custom_n have_v afford_v they_o a_o sure_a foundation_n to_o build_v upon_o yet_o the_o francke_n tenement_n at_o the_o common_a law_n rest_v in_o the_o lord_n it_o can_v
copy_n without_o the_o admittance_n and_o ordinary_a allowance_n of_o the_o lord_n the_o statute_n of_o 16._o r._n 2._o cap._n 5._o which_o make_v it_o a_o forfeiture_n of_o land_n tenament_n and_o hereditament_n to_o the_o purchasor_n of_o excommunication_n bull_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o court_n of_o rome_n against_o the_o king_n etc._n etc._n extend_v not_o to_o copyhold_n because_o it_o will_v be_v prejudicial_a to_o the_o lord_n to_o have_v the_o king_n so_o far_o intereress_v in_o his_o copyhold_n without_o his_o consent_n the_o stature_n of_o 2._o h._n 5._o ca._n 7._o of_o heretic_n extend_v not_o to_o copyhold_n for_o though_o the_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n be_v yearly_a to_o receive_v a_o benefit_n in_o have_v the_o land_n after_o the_o year_n and_o the_o day_n forfeit_v unto_o he_o yet_o because_o the_o king_n be_v a_o sharer_n in_o this_o for_o feiture_n therefore_o land_n by_o copy_n be_v not_o comprehend_v under_o the_o general_a word_n beside_o the_o statute_n speak_v of_o the_o king_n have_v annuum_fw-la diem_fw-la &_o vastum_fw-la of_o these_o land_n forfeit_v for_o heresy_n as_o in_o land_n forfeit_v for_o felony_n whereby_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o meaning_n of_o the_o statute_n be_v that_o such_o land_n only_o shall_v be_v forfeit_v in_o which_o the_o king_n by_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o the_o law_n shall_v have_v a_o nuum_fw-la diem_fw-la &_o vastum_fw-la if_o the_o tenant_n of_o they_o have_v commit_v felony_n but_o such_o land_n be_v not_o land_n by_o copy_n for_o if_o a_o copyholder_n commit_v felony_n his_o copyhold_n be_v present_o forfeit_v to_o the_o lord_n therefore_o copyhold_n be_v out_o of_o the_o general_a purview_n of_o this_o statute_n sec_n liv._o the_o statute_n of_o 27._o h._n 8._o ca._n 10._o of_o use_v touch_v not_o copyhold_n because_o the_o transmutation_n of_o possession_n by_o the_o sole_a operation_n of_o the_o statute_n without_o allowance_n of_o the_o lord_n or_o the_o agreement_n of_o the_o tenant_n will_v tend_v to_o the_o prejudice_n both_o of_o the_o lord_n and_o of_o the_o tenant_n and_o the_o branch_n of_o the_o same_o statute_n which_o speak_v of_o jointure_n touch_v not_o copy-holds_a because_o dower_n of_o copyhold_n be_v warrant_v by_o special_a custom_n only_o and_o not_o by_o the_o common_a law_n or_o by_o the_o general_a custom_n the_o statute_n of_o 31._o of_o h._n 8._o ca._n 1._o &_o 32._o h._n 8._o cap._n 32._o by_o which_o joynt-tenement_n and_o tenant_n in_o common_a be_v compellable_n to_o make_v partition_n by_o a_o writ_n de_fw-fr partitione_n faciend_n as_o copartener_n at_o the_o common_a law_n touch_v not_o copyhold_n because_o this_o alteration_n of_o the_o tenure_n without_o the_o lord_n consent_n may_v sound_v to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o lord_n the_o statute_n of_o 32._o h._n 8._o ca._n 28._o which_o confirm_v lease_n for_o 21._o year_n or_o three_o life_n make_v by_o tenant_n in_o tail_n or_o by_o the_o husband_n and_o wife_n of_o the_o land_n of_o the_o wife_n touch_v not_o copyhold_n for_o the_o statute_n speak_v of_o lease_n make_v by_o deed_n only_o so_o that_o the_o intent_n of_o the_o statute_n be_v to_o warrant_v the_o lease_n of_o such_o land_n only_o as_o be_v grantable_a by_o deed_n but_o such_o be_v not_o copyhold-land_n for_o though_o they_o may_v by_o licence_n of_o the_o lord_n be_v demise_v by_o indenture_n yet_o in_o their_o own_o name_n they_o be_v demiseable_a only_o by_o copy_n and_o therefore_o out_o of_o the_o general_a purview_n of_o the_o statute_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n the_o same_o statute_n cap._n 34._o which_o give_v a_o entry_n to_o the_o grantee_n of_o a_o reversion_n upon_o the_o breach_n of_o a_o condition_n by_o the_o particular_a tenant_n touch_v not_o copyhold_n sec_n lv._o the_o stat._n of_o 17._o e._n 2._o cap._n 10._o which_o give_v the_o wardship_n of_o idiot_n land_n unto_o the_o king_n touch_v not_o the_o idiot_n copyhold_n for_o thereby_o great_a prejudice_n will_v accrue_v to_o the_o lord_n but_o the_o statute_n of_o marton_n cap._n 1._o which_o give_v damage_n to_o a_o feme_fw-fr upon_o a_o recovery_n in_o a_o writ_n of_o dower_n b._n co._n 4._o foe_n 30._o b._n where_o the_o baron_n die_v seize_v extend_v to_o copyhold_n so_o that_o the_o statute_n of_o westm_n 2._o cap._n 3_o and_o the_o three_o several_a branch_n of_o the_o same_o statute_n 1._o the_o one_o which_o give_v the_o cui_fw-la in_o vita_fw-la upon_o a_o discontinuance_n make_v by_o the_o baron_n 2._o the_o second_o which_o give_v the_o receipt_n unto_o the_o feme_fw-fr upon_o the_o baron_n refusal_n to_o defend_v the_o wife_n title_n 3._o and_o the_o three_o which_o give_v a_o quod_fw-la ei_fw-la deforceat_fw-la to_o particular_a tenant_n extend_v to_o copyhold_n so_o that_o the_o statute_n of_o 31._o h._n 8._o ca._n 13._o of_o monaster_n which_o provide_v for_o the_o avoidance_n of_o double_v of_o estate_n and_o the_o statute_n 32._o h._n 8._o cap._n 9_o against_o champerty_n and_o buy_v of_o litigious_a title_n and_o chap._n 28._o which_o give_v a_o entry_n in_o liew_n of_o a_o cui_fw-la in_o vita_fw-la 26._o co_n 4._o foe_n 26._o extend_v all_o to_o copyhold_n because_o these_o statute_n be_v beneficial_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o not_o at_o all_o prejudicial_a to_o the_o lord_n in_o the_o alteration_n of_o tenure_n estate_n service_n etc._n etc._n so_o the_o statute_n of_o 4._o h._n 7._o cap._n 24._o of_o fines_n extend_v to_o copyhold_n for_o if_o a_o copyholder_n be_v disseise_v and_o the_o desseisor_n levi_v a_o fine_a with_o proclamation_n and_o five_o year_n pass_v without_o any_o claim_n make_v this_o be_v a_o bar_n both_o to_o the_o lord_n and_o to_o the_o copyholder_n so_o if_o a_o copyholder_n make_v a_o feoffment_n in_o fee_n and_o the_o feoffee_n levi_v a_o fine_a with_o proclamation_n and_o five_o year_n pass_v the_o lord_n be_v bar_v but_o if_o a_o copyholder_n levy_v a_o fine_a and_o five_o year_n pass_v the_o lord_n be_v not_o bar_v for_o the_o fine_a levy_v the_o copyhold_n have_v no_o francktenant_n be_v utter_o void_a and_o whereas_o it_o have_v be_v doubt_v that_o this_o statute_n shall_v not_o extend_v to_o copyhold_n but_o the_o lord_n shall_v hereby_o receive_v grand_a prejudice_n a._n co._n 9_o foe_n 105._o a._n for_o he_o shall_v not_o only_o lose_v the_o fine_n upon_o alienation_n or_o descent_n and_o the_o benefit_n of_o forfeiture_n but_o shall_v withal_o be_v in_o hazard_n to_o be_v bar_v of_o his_o francktenant_n and_o inheritance_n to_o that_o i_o answer_v if_o the_o lord_n receive_v any_o such_o prejudice_n it_o be_v through_o his_o own_o default_n for_o not_o make_v claim_n for_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o privity_n in_o estate_n that_o be_v between_o he_o and_o the_o copyholder_n he_o may_v make_v claim_n as_o well_o as_o the_o copyholder_n himself_o et_fw-la vigilantibus_fw-la non_fw-la dormientibus_fw-la jura_fw-la subveniunt_fw-la thus_o have_v i_o show_v under_o what_o statute_n copyhold_n be_v comprehend_v i_o come_v now_o in_o the_o seven_o place_n to_o speak_v of_o fines_n sec_n lvi_o a_o fine_a be_v a_o sum_n of_o money_n pay_v to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o manor_n for_o a_o income_n into_o any_o land_n or_o tenement_n in_o some_o manor_n fine_n be_v certain_a in_o some_o incertain_a copyhold_n fine_n of_o copyhold_n by_o special_a custom_n copyholder_n be_v to_o pay_v fine_n upon_o licence_n grant_v unto_o they_o to_o demise_n by_o indenture_n but_o by_o general_a custom_n they_o be_v to_o pay_v fine_n only_o upon_o admittance_n if_o the_o lord_n have_v a_o copyhold_n by_o escheat_n forfeiture_n or_o other_o mean_n make_v a_o voluntary_a admittance_n a_o fine_a be_v due_a unto_o the_o lord_n if_o a_o copyholder_n surrender_v to_o the_o use_n of_o a_o stranger_n and_o the_o lord_n admit_v a_o fine_a be_v due_a to_o the_o lord_n so_o if_o a_o copyhold_n descend_v and_o the_o lord_n admit_v the_o heir_n where_o by_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n the_o wife_n be_v to_o have_v dower_n and_o the_o husband_n be_v to_o be_v tenant_n by_o the_o courtesy_n of_o a_o copyhold_n either_o of_o they_o shall_v be_v admit_v and_o shall_v pay_v a_o fine_a to_o the_o lord_n if_o a_o copyhold_n be_v grant_v du_fw-fr rante_fw-fr vie_fw-fr and_o the_o grantee_n die_v live_v cestuy_n que_fw-fr vie_fw-fr and_o a_o stranger_n enter_v as_o a_o general_a occupant_a he_o shall_v be_v admit_v and_o shall_v pay_v a_o fine_a and_o so_o if_o a_o copyhold_n be_v grant_v to_o one_o and_o his_o heir_n durante_fw-la vie_v and_o the_o grantee_n die_v and_o his_o heir_n enter_v as_o a_o special_a occupant_a where_o by_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n a_o copyhold_n may_v be_v extend_v upon_o the_o extent_n the_o party_n shall_v be_v admit_v and_o shall_v pay_v a_o fine_a where_o by_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n
be_v no_o strange_a thing_n to_o place_v their_o land_n under_o the_o rank_n of_o the_o lord_n demesne_n but_o to_o deliver_v my_o mind_n more_o free_o in_o this_o point_n i_o think_v that_o howsoever_o according_a to_o the_o strict_a rule_n of_o law_n these_o copy-holds_a be_v parcel_n of_o land_n demesne_n yet_o in_o propriety_n of_o speech_n if_o propriety_n can_v be_v in_o impropriety_n they_o be_v the_o more_o apt_o call_v the_o copy-holders_n demesne_n for_o though_o the_o frank_n tenement_n be_v in_o the_o lord_n by_o the_o common_a law_n yet_o by_o the_o custom_n the_o inheritance_n abide_v in_o the_o copy-holders_n and_o it_o be_v not_o deny_v if_o a_o copyholder_n be_v implead_v in_o make_v title_n to_o his_o copyhold_n he_o may_v just_o plead_v quod_fw-la est_fw-la seisitus_fw-la in_o dominico_n svo_fw-la with_o this_o addition_n secundum_fw-la consuetud_fw-la manerii_fw-la therefore_o i_o conclude_v that_o howsoever_o the_o common_a law_n valu_v the_o title_n of_o the_o copyholder_n yet_o he_o have_v such_o a_o interest_n confirm_v unto_o he_o by_o custom_n that_o the_o lord_n have_v no_o power_n to_o resume_v his_o land_n at_o your_o own_o pleasure_n they_o be_v though_o improper_o call_v yet_o peradventure_o true_o account_v the_o lord_n demesne_n and_o that_o in_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o world_n howsoever_o it_o be_v in_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o law_n that_o these_o land_n alone_o can_v proper_o challenge_v the_o name_n of_o the_o lord_n demesne_n if_o any_o land_n in_o the_o possession_n of_o inferior_a lord_n may_v proper_o challenge_v that_o name_n which_o the_o lord_n reserve_v in_o his_o own_o hand_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o his_o own_o board_n or_o table_n be_v it_o his_o waste_n ground_n his_o arable_a ground_n his_o pasture_n ground_n or_o his_o meadow_n be_v it_o his_o copyhold_n which_o he_o have_v by_o escheat_n by_o forfiture_n or_o by_o purchase_n or_o be_v it_o any_o part_n of_o his_o freehold_a land_n of_o which_o i_o must_v speak_v a_o word_n by_o the_o way_n not_o to_o prove_v that_o it_o be_v demesne_fw-la for_o manifesta_fw-la probatione_fw-la non_fw-la indigentes_fw-la but_o to_o show_v you_o in_o what_o sense_n it_o be_v take_v and_o how_o far_o it_o extend_v sec_n xv._o a_o freehold_n be_v take_v in_o a_o double_a sense_n either_o it_o be_v name_v a_o freehold_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o land_n or_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o law_n sec_n xvi_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o land_n so_o copyholder_n may_v be_v freeholder_n for_o any_o that_o have_v any_o estate_n for_o his_o life_n or_o any_o great_a estate_n in_o any_o land_n whatsoever_o may_v in_o this_o sense_n be_v term_v a_o freeholder_n sec_n xvii_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o law_n and_o so_o it_o be_v oppose_v to_o copy_n holder_n that_o what_o land_n soever_o be_v not_o copyhold_n be_v freehold_a and_o in_o this_o sense_n i_o take_v throughout_o this_o discourse_n sec_n xviii_o the_o name_n of_o freeholder_n extend_v not_o only_o unto_o land_n hold_v per_fw-la servitium_fw-la militare_fw-la as_o it_o do_v by_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o scot_n milit_fw-la skens_n de_fw-fr verb._n sign_n do_fw-mi milit_fw-la and_o among_o who_o freeholder_n be_v know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o milites_fw-la but_o it_o reach_v likewise_o to_o land_n hold_v per_fw-la servitium_fw-la socae_fw-la whether_o in_o libero_fw-la socagio_fw-it or_o in_o villano_fw-la socagio_fw-it liberum_fw-la socagium_fw-la be_v where_o any_o tenant_n hold_v of_o any_o lord_n by_o pay_v yearly_a a_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n in_o lieu_n of_o tillage_n and_o such_o like_a service_n and_o not_o by_o escuage_n and_o this_o be_v term_v sometime_o common_a socage_n socagium_fw-la villanum_fw-la be_v where_o the_o ancient_a service_n of_o carry_v the_o lord_n dung_n into_o the_o field_n call_v stat._n 37_o h._n 8._o cap._n 20._o it_o be_v so_o call_v of_o plough_v his_o ground_n at_o certain_a day_n of_o plash_v his_o hedge_n and_o such_o be_v not_o turn_v into_o money_n but_o remain_v still_o unaltered_a and_o if_o you_o doubt_v that_o such_o land_n as_o be_v hold_v per_fw-la villanum_fw-la socagium_fw-la can_v come_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o freehold_a land_n for_o your_o satisfaction_n read_v bracton_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 8._o num_fw-la 8._o hactenus_fw-la de_fw-la primo_fw-la defunctionis_fw-la membro_fw-la ad_fw-la secundum_fw-la properemus_fw-la &_o pauca_fw-la de_fw-la servitiis_fw-la domino_fw-la debitis_fw-la periractemus_fw-la service_n in_o individuo_fw-la be_v manifold_a in_o specie_fw-la threefold_a 1._o corporal_a service_n 2._o annual_a service_n 3._o accidental_a service_n corporal_a service_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n service_n of_o submission_n service_n of_o profit_n sec_n xix_o service_n of_o submission_n be_v homage_n and_o fealty_n which_o be_v certain_a ceremony_n use_v among_o tenant_n whereby_o they_o submit_v themselves_o unto_o their_o lord_n and_o bind_v themselves_o by_o solemn_a oath_n or_o by_o faithful_a promise_n from_o that_o day_n forward_o to_o become_v the_o lord_n man_n for_o life_n for_o member_n for_o terrene_a honour_n or_o adminimum_fw-la to_o owe_v unto_o he_o faith_n for_o the_o land_n which_o they_o hold_v of_o he_o both_o these_o ceremony_n be_v use_v at_o the_o first_o entrance_n or_o admittance_n of_o any_o tenant_n and_o both_o tend_v to_o one_o end_n viz._n to_o enforce_v every_o tenant_n to_o acknowledge_v and_o confess_v himself_o tenant_n unto_o his_o immediate_a lord_n yet_o they_o differ_v in_o many_o material_a point_n sec_n xx._n in_o regard_n of_o their_o several_a manner_n of_o performance_n for_o in_o do_v fealty_n the_o tenant_n take_v a_o solemn_a oath_n in_o do_v homage_n only_o give_v his_o faithful_a promise_n and_o thence_o it_o be_v that_o fealty_n be_v account_v the_o more_o sacred_a service_n though_o homage_n be_v the_o more_o humble_a service_n and_o perform_v with_o far_o great_a reverence_n than_o fealty_n in_o many_o respect_n for_o in_o do_v homage_n the_o tenant_n kneel_v in_o do_v fealty_n he_o stand_v in_o do_v homage_n the_o tenant_n must_v remain_v uncover_v in_o do_v fealty_n he_o may_v remain_v cover_v in_o do_v homage_n the_o lord_n kiss_v his_o tenant_n in_o do_v fealty_n he_o kiss_v he_o not_o last_o in_o do_v homage_n the_o tenant_n promise_v to_o become_v the_o lord_n man_n for_o life_n for_o member_n and_o terrene_a honour_n in_o do_v fealty_n he_o only_o swear_v to_o become_v the_o lord_n faithful_a tenant_n the_o reason_n of_o this_o difference_n i_o learn_v to_o be_v this_o homage_n skens_n de_fw-fr verb._n signum_fw-la homage_n because_o homage_n especial_o concern_v service_n in_o war_n &_o proper_o appertain_v unto_o knight_n service_n but_o fealty_n chief_o concern_v service_n at_o home_n and_o proper_o appertain_v to_o socage_n tenure_n and_o though_o now_o it_o be_v hold_v that_o a_o tenant_n by_o socage_n may_v do_v homage_n and_o that_o homage_n ex_fw-la se_fw-la make_v socage_n tenure_n and_o not_o knight_n service_n yet_o original_o homage_n be_v invent_v for_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n and_o such_o as_o be_v bind_v by_o their_o tenure_n to_o attend_v their_o lord_n in_o the_o war_n but_o fealty_n be_v primary_o devise_v for_o tenant_n in_o socage_n and_o such_o as_o be_v bind_v by_o their_o tenure_n to_o manure_v the_o lord_n ground_n and_o careful_o to_o discharge_v all_o rural_a affair_n and_o this_o agree_v with_o the_o ancient_a law_n in_o scotland_n for_o among_o they_o none_o be_v account_v freeholder_n but_o only_a tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n and_o consequent_o none_o but_o they_o can_v do_v homage_n and_o therefore_o marvel_v not_o why_o in_o do_v homage_n the_o tenant_n promise_v to_o become_v the_o lord_n man_n for_o life_n for_o member_n for_o terrene_a honour_n in_o do_v fealty_n he_o only_o swear_v to_o become_v the_o lord_n faithful_a tenant_n 2._o they_o differ_v in_o regard_n of_o the_o person_n to_o who_o they_o be_v perform_v and_o that_o two_o way_n in_o respect_n none_o be_v capable_a of_o receive_v homage_n but_o the_o lord_n in_o person_n but_o the_o lord_n steward_n or_o his_o bailiff_n be_v capable_a to_o receive_v fealty_n in_o the_o lord_n behalf_n 2._o in_o respect_n that_o a_o lord_n who_o have_v but_o a_o estate_n for_o his_o life_n in_o his_o seignory_n can_v receive_v homage_n but_o such_o a_o lord_n may_v receive_v fealty_n 3._o they_o differ_v in_o regard_n of_o the_o person_n to_o who_o they_o be_v perform_v and_o that_o two_o way_n 1._o in_o respect_v the_o to_o no_o copyholder_n be_v capable_a of_o do_v homage_n but_o he_o be_v of_o do_v fealty_n witness_v common_a experience_n 2._o in_o respect_n that_o a_o tenant_n for_o life_n or_o year_n be_v unable_a to_o do_v homage_n for_o it_o be_v a_o ground_n in_o law_n that_o none_o can_v do_v homage_n but_o tenant_n in_o fee-simple_n or_o ad_fw-la
be_v deprive_v of_o that_o dignity_n which_o be_v inherent_a to_o their_o name_n yet_o their_o court_n retain_v still_o the_o name_n of_o court_n baron_n because_o they_o be_v original_o erect_v for_o such_o personage_n as_o be_v baron_n neither_o have_v time_n be_v so_o injurious_a as_o to_o eradicate_v the_o whole_a memory_n of_o their_o ancient_a dignity_n in_o their_o name_n there_o be_v stamp_v leave_v of_o their_o nobility_n for_o they_o be_v still_o entitle_v by_o the_o name_n of_o lord_n these_o court_n differ_v from_o court_n leet_n in_o diverse_a respect_n in_o this_o that_o court_n baron_n by_o the_o law_n may_v be_v keep_v once_o every_o three_o week_n or_o as_o some_o think_v as_o often_o as_o it_o shall_v please_v the_o lord_n though_o for_o the_o better_a ease_n both_o of_o lord_n and_o tenant_n they_o be_v keep_v but_o very_o seldom_o but_o a_o court_n leete_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la be_v to_o be_v keep_v but_o twice_o every_o year_n one_o time_n within_o the_o month_n after_o easter_n 15._o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la c._n 35._o 31._o e._n 3._o ca._n 15._o and_o another_o time_n within_o a_o month_n after_o michal_n 2._o in_o this_o that_o court_n baron_n may_v be_v keep_v in_o any_o place_n within_o the_o manor_n contrary_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o brian_n but_o a_o court_n leete_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la be_v to_o be_v keep_v in_o certo_fw-la loco_fw-la ac_fw-la determinato_fw-la within_o the_o precinct_n 3._o in_o this_o that_o original_o court_n baron_n belong_v unto_o inferior_a lord_n of_o manor_n but_o court_n leet_n original_o belong_v unto_o the_o king_n 4._o in_o this_o that_o court_n baron_n be_v incident_a unto_o eâ—â—â—y_a manor_n so_o that_o every_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n may_v keep_v a_o court_n baron_fw-fr but_o few_o have_v leet_n for_o inferior_a lord_n of_o manor_n can_v keep_v court_n leete_v without_o special_a prescription_n or_o some_o special_a patent_n from_o the_o king_n 5._o in_o this_o that_o in_o court_n baron_n the_o suitor_n be_v judge_n but_o in_o court_n leet_n the_o steward_n be_v judge_n 6._o in_o this_o that_o in_o court_n baron_n the_o jewrie_n consist_v oftentimes_o of_o less_o than_o twelve_o in_o court_n leet_n never_o the_o reason_n of_o that_o be_v because_o none_o be_v impanel_v upon_o the_o jewrie_n but_o freeholder_n in_o court_n baron_n of_o the_o same_o manor_n but_o in_o court_n leet_n stranger_n be_v oftentimes_o impanel_v 7._o in_o this_o that_o court_n baron_n can_v subsist_v without_o two_o suitor_n adminimum_fw-la but_o court_n leet_n can_v well_o subsist_v without_o any_o suitor_n 8._o in_o this_o that_o court_n baron_n inquire_v of_o no_o offence_n commit_v against_o the_o king_n but_o court_n leete_v inquire_v of_o all_o offence_n under_o high_a treason_n commit_v against_o the_o crown_n and_o dignity_n of_o the_o king_n in_o many_o other_o respect_v they_o differ_v as_o that_o a_o write_v of_o error_n lie_v upon_o a_o judgement_n give_v in_o a_o court_n leete_n but_o not_o in_o a_o court_n baron_fw-fr so_o in_o a_o court_n leete_n a_o capias_fw-la lie_v but_o in_o a_o court_n baron_n in_o stead_n of_o a_o capias_fw-la be_v use_v a_o attachment_n by_o good_n so_o in_o a_o court_n baron_fw-fr a_o action_n of_o debt_n lie_v for_o the_o lord_n himself_o because_o the_o suitor_n be_v judge_n but_o in_o a_o court_n leete_n the_o lord_n can_v maintain_v any_o action_n for_o himself_o because_o the_o steward_n be_v judge_n but_o omit_v these_o with_o many_o more_o i_o come_v to_o the_o etymology_n of_o a_o manor_n some_o derive_v the_o word_n manor_n a_o manendo_fw-la and_o then_o it_o take_v his_o name_n either_o from_o the_o manor-house_n which_o the_o lord_n make_v his_o dwell_a place_n or_o else_o a_o manendo_fw-la quia_fw-la dominus_fw-la ac_fw-la tenentes_fw-la in_o manerii_fw-la svi_fw-la circuit_n cohabitant_fw-la ac_fw-la manent_fw-la some_o think_v it_o be_v term_v manor_n from_o manure_v the_o ground_n and_o then_o it_o take_v its_o name_n either_o from_o the_o lord_n demesne_n which_o the_o tenant_n be_v bind_v to_o manure_v or_o else_o from_o the_o land_n remain_v in_o the_o tenant_n hand_n which_o be_v likewise_o till_v and_o manure_v other_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o it_o be_v derive_v of_o the_o french_a word_n mesner_n which_o signify_v to_o govern_v or_o guide_v because_o the_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n have_v the_o guide_n and_o direct_v of_o all_o his_o tenant_n within_o the_o limit_n of_o his_o jurisdiction_n and_o this_o i_o hold_v the_o most_o probable_a etymology_n and_o most_o agree_v with_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o manor_n for_o a_o manor_n in_o these_o day_n signify_v the_o jurisdiction_n and_o royalty_n incorporate_v rather_o than_o the_o land_n or_o scite_fw-la thus_o much_o touch_v the_o etymology_n a_o word_n touch_v the_o division_n of_o a_o manor_n a_o manor_n be_v twofold_a re_fw-mi &_o nomine_fw-la 2._o nomine_fw-la tantum_fw-la re_fw-mi &_o nomine_fw-la as_o where_o the_o two_o material_a cause_n of_o a_o manor_n the_o efficient_a cause_n &_o causa_fw-la sine_fw-la qua_fw-la non_fw-la do_v meet_v and_o join_v together_o nomine_fw-la tantum_fw-la as_o where_o any_o of_o these_o cause_n be_v want_v as_o to_o insist_v in_o the_o two_o material_a cause_n if_o the_o lord_n will_v transfer_v over_o to_o some_o stranger_n the_o service_n of_o all_o his_o tenant_n and_o reserve_v unto_o himself_o the_o demesne_n or_o if_o he_o will_v pass_v away_o the_o demesne_n and_o reserve_v the_o service_n in_o both_o cause_v the_o lord_n peradventure_o have_v a_o manor_n nomine_fw-la but_o not_o otherwise_o because_o in_o the_o one_o cause_n he_o want_v demesne_n in_o the_o other_o service_n so_o if_o a_o manor_n descend_v to_o co-parteners_a and_o they_o make_v partition_n and_o the_o entire_a demesne_n be_v allot_v to_o the_o one_o and_o the_o entire_a service_n to_o the_o other_o the_o manor_n be_v now_o in_o suspense_n for_o neither_o of_o they_o have_v any_o manor_n but_o in_o name_n only_o but_o if_o part_n of_o the_o demesne_n and_o part_n of_o the_o service_n be_v allot_v to_o each_o one_o then_o have_v they_o each_o of_o they_o a_o manor_n not_o nomine_fw-la tantum_fw-la but_o re_fw-mi &_o nomine_fw-la to_o insist_v in_o the_o efficient_a cause_n if_o the_o king_n at_o this_o day_n will_v grant_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o land_n to_o any_o subject_a enjoin_v he_o certain_a duty_n and_o service_n and_o withal_o will_v that_o this_o shall_v bear_v the_o name_n of_o a_o manor_n howsoever_o this_o may_v chance_v to_o gain_v the_o name_n of_o a_o manor_n yet_o it_o will_v not_o be_v a_o manor_n in_o the_o estimation_n of_o the_o law_n to_o insist_v in_o this_o cause_n sine_fw-la qua_fw-la non_fw-la if_o the_o king_n grant_v away_o a_o manor_n to_o i._n s._n except_v the_o court_n and_o perquisites_n the_o grantee_n have_v a_o manor_n in_o name_n only_o so_o if_o all_o the_o freeholder_n die_v but_o one_o if_o the_o lord_n purchase_v all_o the_o freeholders_n land_n or_o pass_v away_o the_o service_n of_o the_o freeholder_n or_o release_v unto_o his_o freeholder_n all_o their_o service_n notwithstanding_o the_o demesne_n and_o the_o service_n of_o the_o copiholder_n yet_o the_o lord_n have_v but_o a_o manor_n in_o name_n because_o the_o freeholder_n be_v want_v which_o be_v the_o maintainer_n and_o upholder_n of_o the_o court_n baron_fw-fr and_o consequent_o necessary_a help_n to_o the_o perfection_n of_o a_o manor_n so_o if_o the_o lord_n grant_v away_o the_o inheritance_n of_o all_o his_o copyholder_n or_o demise_v all_o his_o land_n grant_v by_o copy_n to_o another_o for_o 2000_o year_n the_o grantee_n in_o the_o one_o case_n and_o the_o lessee_n in_o the_o other_o have_v a_o kind_n of_o seigniority_n in_o gross_a and_o may_v keep_v a_o customary_a court_n where_o the_o steward_n shall_v be_v judge_n and_o shall_v take_v surrender_n and_o make_v admittance_n and_o this_o in_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o world_n be_v a_o manor_n though_o in_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o law_n it_o come_v far_o short_a of_o one_o thus_o much_o touch_v the_o division_n of_o a_o manor_n i_o may_v here_o handle_v many_o collateral_a jurisdiction_n appropriate_v to_o lord_n of_o manor_n as_o that_o our_o erect_v dove-house_n of_o prove_v the_o will_n of_o their_o tenant_n decease_v within_o their_o precinct_n in_o many_o place_n of_o enclose_v common_a leave_v sufficient_a beside_o for_o the_o other_o commoner_n with_o many_o of_o the_o like_a sed_fw-la haec_fw-la lubens_fw-la libensque_fw-la omitio_fw-la and_o thus_o close_v up_o this_o part_n of_o my_o treatise_n touch_v manor_n i_o come_v to_o the_o other_o part_n touch_v copyhold_n sec_n xxxii_o ineede_v not_o stand_v to_o discourse_v at_o large_a th'antiquitie_n of_o the_o copyholder_n for_o if_o you_o cast_v your_o eye_n back_o to_o that_o be_v past_a
minimum_fw-la tenant_n in_o tail_n sec_n xxi_o but_o a_o tenant_n for_o life_n or_o year_n fealty_n brudnal_n and_o yoxley_n 5._o h._n 7._o the_o justice_n of_o the_o common_a place_n 10._o h_o 6._o hold_v that_o lessee_n for_o year_n can_v do_v fealty_n be_v both_o able_a to_o do_v fealty_n according_a to_o littleton_n rule_n that_o fealty_n be_v incident_a to_o every_o tenure_n except_o tenor_n in_o franck-almoigne_a and_o tenant_n at_o will_n contrary_a to_o some_o erronius_a opinion_n they_o differ_v in_o regard_n that_o homage_n can_v be_v but_o once_o do_v unto_o one_o lord_n by_o the_o same_o tenant_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o if_o land_n descend_v unto_o i_o which_o be_v hold_v of_o i._n s._n by_o homage_n and_o i_o do_v unto_o he_o homage_n and_o after_o other_o land_n descend_v unto_o i_o by_o another_o ancestor_n which_o be_v hold_v of_o the_o same_o lord_n by_o homage_n i_o shall_v not_o do_v homage_n again_o but_o fealty_n only_o because_o i_o can_v twice_o become_v the_o lord_n man_n but_o the_o selfsame_o tenant_n may_v several_a time_n do_v fealty_n unto_o the_o selfsame_o lord_n and_o therefore_o if_o a_o copyholder_n surrender_v whiteacre_n unto_o i_o for_o his_o whiteacre_n i_o shall_v do_v fealty_n unto_o the_o lord_n if_o after_o another_o surrender_v unto_o i_o blackeacre_n i_o shall_v do_v fealty_n likewise_o unto_o the_o same_o lord_n and_o thus_o much_o for_o service_n of_o submission_n sec_n xxii_o service_n of_o profit_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n tend_v to_o the_o public_a profit_n of_o the_o commonweal_n as_o when_o the_o lord_n injoyn_v his_o tenant_n to_o amend_v high_a way_n to_o repair_v decay_a bridge_n or_o similia_fw-la 2._o tend_v to_o the_o private_a profit_n of_o the_o lord_n as_o where_o the_o tenant_n be_v enjoin_v to_o be_v the_o lord_n carver_n butler_n or_o brewer_n or_o be_v tie_v to_o pail_n the_o lord_n park_n to_o tile_n the_o lord_n house_n to_o thatch_v the_o lord_n barn_n and_o similia_fw-la and_o thus_o much_o for_o corporal_a service_n annual_a service_n be_v in_o number_n infinite_a in_o nature_n all_o one_o for_o they_o all_o tend_v to_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o lord_n coffer_n and_o be_v reserve_v in_o their_o duty_n as_o well_o for_o copyhold_n land_n as_o freehold-land_n though_o in_o the_o saxon_n time_n and_o long_o after_o the_o conquest_n they_o be_v never_o or_o seldom_o reserve_v for_o copyhold-land_n but_o only_o for_o freehold-land_n i_o will_v not_o enumerate_v many_o particular_n of_o annual_a service_n for_o that_o be_v as_o endless_a as_o number_v the_o sand_n of_o the_o sea_n only_o this_o i_o say_v that_o those_o annual_a service_n which_o here_o come_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o my_o meaning_n consist_v all_o in_o render_v none_o in_o feasance_n for_o those_o annual_a service_n as_o well_o as_o accidental_a service_n which_o consist_v in_o feasance_n i_o comprehend_v under_o corporal_a service_n thus_o leave_v both_o corporal_a service_n and_o annual_a i_o bend_v my_o course_n towards_o accidental_a service_n which_o before_o i_o begin_v to_o particularize_v observe_v these_o two_o thing_n by_o the_o way_n 1._o that_o accidental_a service_n differ_v from_o corporal_a and_o annual_a service_n in_o this_o that_o most_o accidental_a service_n be_v incident_a to_o the_o fee_n and_o be_v due_a without_o special_a reservation_n of_o the_o lord_n but_o most_o corporal_a service_n and_o all_o annual_a service_n be_v due_a upon_o special_a reservation_n and_o be_v not_o incident_a unto_o the_o fee_n 2._o that_o service_n be_v take_v in_o a_o double_a sense_n in_o strictiori_fw-la sensu_fw-la and_o in_o latiori_fw-la sensu_fw-la in_o strictiori_fw-la sensu_fw-la and_o in_o that_o sense_n the_o feudist_n define_v servitium_fw-la fore_fw-la munus_fw-la obsequii_fw-la clientelario_fw-la etc._n etc._n that_o duty_n which_o the_o tenant_n owe_v unto_o his_o lord_n either_o in_o perform_v some_o corporal_a function_n or_o in_o discharge_v some_o annual_a payment_n in_o latiori_fw-la sensu_fw-la and_o so_o it_o signify_v any_o duty_n whatsoever_o accrue_v unto_o the_o lord_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o signiory_n and_o in_o this_o sense_n these_o accidental_a service_n follow_v which_o prima_n fancy_n may_v seem_v better_o to_o rank_n under_o the_o title_n of_o jurisdiction_n or_o rather_o under_o the_o name_n of_o the_o fruit_n of_o a_o manor_n may_v very_o fit_o be_v reduce_v to_o this_o kind_n of_o service_n the_o service_n i_o aim_v at_o and_o which_o i_o mean_v to_o treat_v of_o particular_o in_o this_o place_n be_v these_o follow_v 1._o wardship_n 2._o herriot_n 3._o relief_n 4._o amerciament_n 5._o forfeiture_n 6._o escheates_n now_o touch_v every_o one_o of_o these_o apart_o and_o first_o with_o wardship_n sec_n xxii_o warshipp_n est_fw-la custodia_fw-la heredis_fw-la infra_fw-la aetatem_fw-la existentis_fw-la polidore_n virgil_n say_v that_o this_o be_v novi_fw-la vectigalis_fw-la genus_fw-la excogitatum_fw-la to_o help_v hen._n 3._o be_v oppress_v with_o much_o poverty_n by_o reason_n he_o receive_v the_o kingdom_n great_o waste_v by_o war_n of_o his_o ancestor_n and_o therefore_o need_v extraordinary_a help_n to_o uphold_v his_o estate_n the_o use_n of_o wardship_n be_v set_v abroach_o but_o the_o 33._o chapter_n of_o the_o grand_a customary_a make_v mention_n of_o this_o to_o have_v be_v use_v among_o the_o norman_n immediate_o after_o the_o erection_n of_o manor_n and_o that_o the_o use_n of_o wardship_n be_v a_o foot_n before_o h._n the_o three_o time_n as_o appear_v manifest_o by_o glanvil_n who_o write_v very_o large_o in_o many_o place_n in_o his_o book_n 5._o fleta_n lib._n 5._o cap._n 5._o and_o live_v in_o h._n the_o second_o time_n guardian_n be_v either_o term_v custodes_fw-la or_o curatores_fw-la custodes_fw-la a_o lege_fw-la curatores_fw-la ab_fw-la homine_fw-la as_o fleta_n speak_v the_o civilian_n make_v three_o sort_n of_o guardian_n tutor_n testamentarius_fw-la 2._o tutor_n a-praetore_a datus_fw-la 3._o tutor_n legittimus_fw-la this_o in_o every_o point_n agree_v with_o our_o common_a law_n so_o we_o have_v tutorem_fw-la testamentarium_fw-la viz._n where_o a_o man_n possess_v of_o certain_a good_n and_o chattel_n demise_v these_o unto_o his_o child_n and_o withal_o commit_v the_o care_n of_o his_o child_n body_n and_o disposition_n of_o his_o substance_n unto_o some_o friend_n this_o committee_n be_v tutor_n testamentarius_fw-la unto_o who_o belong_v the_o care_n and_o custody_n of_o the_o child_n body_n and_o the_o disposition_n of_o his_o substance_n until_o he_o accomplish_v the_o full_a age_n of_o fourteen_o year_n and_o then_o immediate_o he_o shall_v be_v out_o of_o ward_n for_o his_o body_n but_o his_o good_n may_v be_v keep_v long_o for_o as_o for_o they_o they_o shall_v remain_v in_o the_o trustee_n hand_n so_o many_o year_n as_o the_o testator_n appoint_v by_o his_o last_o will_n and_o testament_n for_o though_o it_o be_v not_o in_o the_o father_n power_n to_o restrain_v the_o liberty_n of_o his_o child_n bodylong_a then_o to_o the_o age_n of_o 14._o yet_o the_o dispose_n of_o his_o good_n he_o may_v commit_v to_o any_o for_o as_o long_a time_n as_o himself_o shall_v think_v expedient_a so_o by_o the_o stat._n 32._o and_o 34._o h._n 8._o if_o a_o man_n be_v seize_v of_o socage_n land_n not_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la he_o may_v by_o his_o last_o will_n and_o testament_n commit_v the_o order_n of_o theoglands_n to_o what_o friend_n soever_o for_o as_o many_o year_n as_o shall_v seem_v most_o convenient_a and_o that_o friend_n be_v tutor_n testamentarius_fw-la otherwise_o it_o be_v of_o land_n hold_v by_o knight_n service_n for_o it_o be_v not_o in_o any_o man_n power_n by_o his_o last_o will_n and_o testament_n to_o deprive_v the_o lord_n of_o that_o duty_n which_o de_fw-mi jure_fw-la belong_v to_o he_o and_o therefore_o if_o a_o copyholder_n die_v his_o heir_n under_o the_o age_n of_o fourteen_o in_o regard_n that_o this_o privilege_n of_o appoint_v the_o heir_n a_o guardian_n for_o their_o copyhold_n land_n until_o he_o accomplish_v the_o age_n of_o fourteen_o de_fw-fr jure_fw-la appertain_v unto_o the_o lord_n it_o seem_v that_o the_o father_n can_v prejudice_v the_o lord_n in_o this_o kind_n by_o appoint_v he_o another_o guardian_n by_o his_o last_o will_n and_o testament_n haec_fw-la de_fw-la tutore_fw-la testamentario_fw-la 2._o we_o have_v tutorem_fw-la a_o praetore_fw-la datum_fw-la viz._n where_o a_o man_n devise_v good_n unto_o his_o child_n and_o appoint_v he_o not_o guardian_n than_o it_o be_v in_o the_o ordinary_n hand_n to_o commit_v the_o order_n of_o the_o infant_n good_n unto_o some_o trusty_a friend_n unto_o the_o age_n of_o fourteen_o at_o what_o time_n the_o infant_n himself_o may_v choose_v a_o guardian_n for_o it_o be_v a_o rule_n in_o the_o civil_a law_n invito_fw-la curator_n non_fw-la datur_fw-la and_o this_o committee_n est_fw-fr tutor_n a_o praetore_fw-la datus_fw-la
manor_n decay_v and_o die_v for_o it_o be_v not_o the_o two_o material_a cause_n of_o a_o manor_n but_o the_o efficient_a cause_n knit_v and_o unite_n together_o those_o two_o materialll_v cause_n that_o make_v a_o manor_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o king_n himself_o can_v create_v a_o perfect_a manor_n at_o this_o day_n for_o such_o thing_n as_o receive_v their_o perfection_n by_o the_o continuance_n of_o time_n come_v not_o within_o the_o compass_n of_o a_o king_n prerogative_n and_o therefore_o the_o king_n can_v grant_v freehold_a to_o hold_v by_o copy_n neither_o can_v the_o king_n create_v any_o new_a custom_n nor_o do_v any_o thing_n that_o amount_v to_o the_o creation_n of_o a_o new_a custom_n and_o therefore_o a_o composition_n make_v between_o the_o king_n and_o his_o tenant_n where_o he_o have_v herriot_n custom_n to_o pay_v 10._o li._n in_o levie_n thereof_o every_o time_n it_o fall_v be_v no_o bind_v composition_n for_o this_o amount_v to_o the_o creation_n of_o a_o new_a custom_n et_fw-la haec_fw-la omne_fw-la &_o similia_fw-la sunt_fw-la temporum_fw-la non_fw-la regum_fw-la seu_fw-la principum_fw-la opera_fw-la which_o full_o verifi_v the_o old_a say_n plus_fw-fr valet_fw-la vulgaris_fw-la consuetudo_fw-la quam_fw-la regalis_fw-la concessio_fw-la this_o be_v the_o sole_a cause_n why_o the_o king_n can_v create_v a_o perfect_a manor_n at_o this_o day_n and_o this_o be_v the_o chief_a cause_n why_o a_o common_a person_n can_v create_v a_o perfect_a manor_n but_o not_o the_o sole_a cause_n for_o there_o be_v this_o cause_n far_o a_o perfect_a manor_n can_v subsist_v without_o a_o perfect_a tenure_n between_o very_a lord_n and_o very_a tenant_n but_o a_o common_a person_n can_v create_v a_o perfect_a tenure_n and_o consequent_o can_v create_v a_o perfect_a manor_n before_o the_o stat._n of_o quia_fw-la emptores_fw-la terrarum_fw-la if_o any_o tenant_n seize_v of_o land_n in_o fee_n simple_a have_v enfeoff_v a_o stranger_n he_o may_v have_v reserve_v what_o service_n he_o think_v fit_a or_o have_v he_o reserve_v no_o service_n yet_o the_o law_n will_v have_v employ_v a_o perfect_a tenure_n between_o the_o feoffor_a and_o the_o feoffee_n for_o the_o feoffee_n be_v to_o hold_v off_o the_o feoffor_a by_o the_o same_o service_n that_o the_o feoffor_a hold_v over_o on_o his_o lord_n paramount_n but_o since_o this_o statute_n if_o a_o tenant_n seize_v of_o land_n in_o fee_n infeoff_v a_o stranger_n neither_o by_o the_o express_a reservation_n of_o the_o feoffor_a nor_o by_o the_o employ_v reservation_n of_o the_o law_n can_v there_o be_v a_o perfect_a tenure_n create_v at_o this_o day_n between_o the_o feoffor_a and_o the_o feoffee_n for_o the_o feoffee_n shall_v hold_v immediate_o of_o the_o lord_n paramount_n not_o of_o the_o feoffor_a and_o further_o as_o the_o king_n can_v do_v nothing_o which_o amount_v to_o the_o creation_n of_o a_o new_a custom_n so_o a_o common_a person_n can_v do_v nothing_o which_o amount_v to_o the_o creation_n of_o a_o new_a tenure_n and_o therefore_o if_o there_o be_v lord_n and_o tenant_n by_o 10._o s._n rent_n and_o the_o lord_n will_v confirm_v the_o estate_n of_o a_o tenant_n tenend_n by_o a_o hawk_n a_o pair_n of_o gild_a spur_n a_o rose_n or_o similia_fw-la this_o be_v a_o void_a confirmation_n otherwise_o have_v it_o be_v if_o the_o lord_n have_v confirm_v the_o estate_n of_o the_o tenant_n tenendum_fw-la per_fw-la 5._o s._n that_o have_v be_v a_o good_a confirmation_n because_o it_o tend_v only_o to_o the_o abridgement_n of_o a_o old_a tenure_n and_o not_o to_o the_o creation_n of_o a_o new_a and_o as_o it_o be_v with_o a_o confirmation_n so_o it_o be_v with_o a_o composition_n upon_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o ground_n it_o be_v that_o if_o the_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n purchase_v foreign_a land_n lie_v without_o the_o precinct_n and_o bound_n of_o the_o manor_n he_o can_v annex_v this_o unto_o the_o manor_n though_o the_o tenant_n be_v willing_a to_o do_v their_o service_n for_o this_o amount_v to_o the_o creation_n of_o a_o new_a tenure_n which_o can_v be_v effect_v at_o this_o day_n and_o therefore_o if_o a_o man_n have_v two_o manor_n and_o the_o lord_n will_v willing_o have_v the_o tenant_n of_o both_o these_o manor_n to_o do_v their_o suit_n and_o service_n to_o one_o court_n this_o be_v but_o lose_a labour_n in_o the_o lord_n to_o practice_v any_o such_o union_n for_o notwithstanding_o this_o union_n they_o will_v be_v still_o two_o in_o nature_n howsoever_o the_o lord_n covet_v to_o make_v they_o one_o in_o name_n and_o the_o one_o manor_n have_v no_o warrant_n to_o call_v the_o tenant_n to_o the_o other_o manor_n but_o every_o act_n do_v in_o the_o one_o to_o punish_v the_o offender_n in_o the_o other_o be_v traversable_a yet_o if_o the_o tenant_n will_v voluntary_o submit_v themselves_o to_o such_o a_o innovation_n and_o the_o same_o be_v continue_v without_o contradiction_n time_n may_v make_v this_o union_n perfect_a and_o of_o two_o 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logician_n be_v term_v causa_fw-la sine_fw-la qua_fw-la non_fw-la and_o that_o be_v a_o court_n baron_fw-fr for_o indeed_o that_o be_v the_o chief_a prop_n and_o pillar_n of_o a_o manor_n which_o no_o soon_o fail_v but_o the_o manor_n fall_v to_o ground_n if_o we_o labour_v to_o search_v out_o the_o antiquity_n of_o these_o court_n baron_n we_o shall_v find_v they_o as_o ancient_a as_o manor_n themselves_o for_o when_o the_o ancient_a king_n of_o this_o realm_n who_o have_v all_o the_o land_n of_o england_n in_o demesne_n do_v confer_v great_a quantity_n of_o land_n upon_o some_o great_a personage_n 43._o vide_fw-la lamb_n in_o his_o explication_n of_o saxon_a word_n verbo_fw-la thanus_n bacon_n in_o his_o element_n of_o the_o law_n fol._n 41._o 42._o 43._o with_o liberty_n to_o parcel_n the_o land_n out_o to_o other_o inferior_a tenant_n reserve_v such_o duty_n and_o service_n as_o they_o think_v convenient_a and_o to_o keep_v court_n where_o they_o may_v redress_v misdemeanour_n 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you_o shall_v easy_o perceive_v that_o copyholder_n though_o very_o mean_o descend_v yet_o they_o come_v of_o a_o ancient_a house_n and_o therefore_o if_o in_o this_o point_n you_o desire_v satisfaction_n call_v to_o mind_n what_o i_o have_v already_o speak_v and_o if_o i_o mistake_v not_o it_o will_v sufficient_o answer_v your_o desire_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o go_v a_o step_n further_o and_o to_o examine_v the_o several_a name_n which_o copyholder_n have_v have_v from_o time_n to_o time_n allot_v unto_o they_o together_o with_o their_o proper_a etymology_n immediate_o upon_o the_o conquest_n they_o be_v know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o villain_n or_o tenant_n in_o villanage_n so_o term_v by_o the_o norman_n either_o in_o respect_n of_o imbecility_n and_o incertainty_n of_o their_o estate_n which_o be_v ground_v upon_o a_o very_a weak_a foundation_n whole_o depend_v upon_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o oustable_a at_o his_o pleasure_n or_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o service_n 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dare_v not_o whole_o disallow_v of_o this_o opinion_n though_o i_o can_v altogether_o approve_v of_o it_o for_o i_o admit_v and_o in_o a_o manner_n consent_n that_o among_o the_o norman_n these_o service_n which_o we_o call_v rural_a service_n be_v call_v villain_n service_n and_o those_o man_n who_o we_o term_v husbandman_n be_v term_v villain_n and_o do_v hold_v that_o the_o copyhold_n service_n in_o those_o day_n be_v more_o slavish_a than_o rural_a and_o they_o themselves_o rather_o bondman_n than_o husbandman_n otherwise_o we_o shall_v make_v their_o tenure_n differ_v in_o nothing_o from_o ancient_a soccage_n tenure_n which_o i_o assure_v myself_o be_v otherwise_o for_o though_o soccagres_n be_v rustiques_n and_o in_o that_o sense_n villain_n yet_o their_o tenure_n be_v never_o note_v by_o the_o name_n of_o a_o tenure_n in_o villeinage_n till_o in_o many_o place_n their_o corporal_a service_n begin_v to_o be_v turn_v into_o money_n then_o for_o distinction_n sake_n the_o one_o 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estate_n hereditary_a in_o the_o beginning_n as_o appeareth_z by_o britton_n 66._o britton_n ca._n 66._o for_o if_o they_o die_v their_o estate_n be_v present_o determine_v as_o in_o case_n of_o a_o tenant_n at_o will_n at_o common_a law_n and_o in_o some_o point_n to_o this_o present_a hour_n the_o law_n regard_v they_o no_o more_o than_o a_o mere_a tenant_n at_o will_n for_o the_o freehold_a at_o the_o common_a law_n rest_v not_o in_o they_o but_o in_o their_o lord_n unless_o it_o be_v in_o copyhold_n of_o frank_n tenure_n which_o be_v most_o usual_a in_o ancient_a demesne_n though_o sometime_o out_o of_o ancient_a demesne_n we_o shall_v meet_v with_o the_o like_a sort_n of_o copyhold_n as_o in_o northamtonshire_n there_o be_v tenant_n which_o hold_v by_o copy_n of_o court-roll_n and_o have_v no_o other_o evidence_n and_o yet_o hold_v not_o at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n these_o kind_n of_o copyholder_n have_v the_o frank_n tenure_n in_o they_o and_o it_o be_v not_o in_o their_o 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sithence_o custom_n be_v the_o life_n and_o soul_n of_o copyhold_n estate_n and_o whatsoever_o shall_v or_o can_v be_v speak_v touch_v copy-holds_a arise_v from_o this_o head_n and_o from_o this_o fountain_n give_v i_o leave_v in_o the_o second_o place_n to_o speak_v something_o concern_v they_o sec_n xxxiii_o cvstome_n be_v define_v to_o be_v a_o law_n or_o right_o not_o write_v which_o be_v establish_v by_o long_a use_n and_o the_o consent_n of_o our_o ancestor_n have_v be_v and_o be_v daily_o practise_v custom_n prescription_n and_o usage_n howsoever_o there_o be_v correspondency_n among_o they_o and_o dependency_n one_o on_o the_o other_o differ_v custom_n prescription_n and_o usage_n how_o they_o differ_v and_o in_o common_a speech_n one_o of_o they_o be_v take_v for_o another_o yet_o they_o be_v three_o distinct_a thing_n custom_n and_o prescription_n differ_v in_o this_o 1._o custom_n can_v have_v any_o commencement_n since_o the_o memory_n of_o man_n