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land_n	king_n	lord_n	tenant_n	3,351	5	9.8475	5	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A75552	The arguments upon the writ of habeas corpus, in the Court of Kings Bench. Wherein, are learnedly discussed, not onely the severall branches of the said writ, but also many authorities as well of the common as statute law: and divers ancient and obscure records most amply and elaborately debated and cleared. Together, with the opinion of the court thereupon. Whereunto is annexed, the petition of Sir Iohn Elliot Knight, in behalf of the liberty of the subject.	Eliot, John, Sir, 1592-1632.; England and Wales. Court of King's Bench.	1649 (1649)	Wing A3649; Thomason E543_1; ESTC R204808	64,168	98

uncertain and per speciale mandatum c. be within the meaning of these words according to the law then this Act had done nothing The Act is No Free-man shall be imprisoned but by the law of the land if you will understand these words per legem terrae in the first sense this statute shall extend to Villains as well as to Free-men for if I imprison another man Villain the Villain may have an action of false imprisonment But the Lords and the King for then they both had Villains might imprison them and the Villain could have no remedy but these words in the statute per legem terrae were to the Free-man which ought not to be imprisoned but by due processe of law and unlesse the interpretation shall be this the Free-man shall have no priviledge above the Villain So that I conceive my Lord these words per legem terrae must be here so interpreted as in 42 Eliz. the Bill is worth the observing it reciteth that divers persons without any writ or presentment were cast into prison c. that it might be enacted that it should not be so done hereafter the answer there is that this is an Article of the great Charter this should be granted so that it seems the statute is not taken to be an explanation of that of Magna Charta but the very words of the statute of Magna Charta I will conclude with a little observation upon these words nec super eum mittimus which words of themselves signifie not so much a man cannot finde any fit sense for them But my Lord in the seventh year of King Iohn there was a great Charter by which this statute in the ninth of Henry the third whereby we are now regulated was framed and there the words are nec eum in Carcerem mittimus we will not commit him to prison that is the King himself will not and to justifie this there is a story of that time in Matthew Paris and in that Book this Charter of King Iohn is set down at large which Book is very authentique and there it is entred and in the ninth of Henry the third he saith that the statute was renued in the same words with the Charter of King Iohn and my Lord he might know it better then others for he was the Kings Chronologer in those times and therefore my Lord since there be so many reasons and so many presidents and so many statutes which declare that no Free-man whatsoever ought to be imprisoned but according to the laws of the land and that the liberty of the subject is the highest inheritance that hee hath my humble request is that according to the ancient laws and priviledges of this Realm this Gentleman my Client may be be bailed The Argument of Mr Calthrop at the Kings Bench Bar 22 Novembris Mich. 3. Caroli Regis Sir Iohn Corbet being brought to the Kings Bench Bar with Sir Edmond Hampden Sir Walter Earl and Sir Iohn Henningham who wer also brought thither by severall writs of Habeas corpus with the same return I being assigned by the Court of Kings Bench upon a petition delivered to be of Councell with Sir Iohn Corbet did move that Sir Iohn Corbet might bee discharged of his imprisonment and put in bail for I did conceive that the return of this Habeas corpus was insufficient both in the matter of the return and in the manner of the return and so there ought not to be a longer detaining of Sir Iohn Corbet in prison for as unto the manner of the return it is not laid downe precisely that Sir Iohn Corbet is detained in prison by the speciall commandment of the King signified by the warrant of the Lords of the Councell the which is not a direct affirmation that he is detained by the speciall command of the King but that the Lords of the Councell by their warrant have signified unto him that he was committed and still detained by the speciall command of the King And howsoever the Lords of the Councell had signified that he was detained by the commandment of the King yet it may be he was not detained by the commandment of the King for their signification of the same by warrant may be untrue and the warrant of the Lords of the Councell that is returned in haec verba importeth that the keeper of the Gatehouse rather tooke upon him to return that was signified unto him by the warrant of the Lords of the Councel that Sir Iohn Corbet was committed and detained by the speciall commandment of the King because if the keeper had taken upon him to affirm it upon his return then needed he not to have returned the warrants of the Lords of the Councell and the warrant it self sheweth that hee had onely his information from the Lords of the Councell for their warrant is to let the keeper know that both the first commitment and this direction for the continuing of him in prison were and are by his Majesties speciall commandment and I doe not see as this return is made that an accord upon the case can lie upon the keeper of the Gatehouse if Sir Iohn Corbet was not committed nor detained by the speciall commandment of the King so long as the warrant of the Lords of the Councell bee returned as it was made because hee doth return the same as the Significavit of the Lords by their warrant Register 65. the writ of Excommunication Capiend ' goeth Rex vicecom ' Lincoln ' S. significavit nob ' venerabilis Pater Henricus Lincolniensis Episcopus per Literas suas Patentes quod R. suus Parochial ' propter suam manifestam contumac ' authoritate ipsius Episc ordin ' excom ' est nec se vult per censuram Ecclesiasticam justiciar ' c. tibi praecipimus quod praedict ' R. per corpus suum secundum consuetud ' Angliae justic ' c. and yet no man will say that there is an information of the King that R. is excommunicated but onely that the Bishop of Lincoln had signified unto him that R. was excommunicated and in Fitz. Nat. Br. 663. and Register 65. it appears that the form of the writ of Excommunication deliberand ' is Rex Vicecom ' London Salut ' Cum Thom ' lay allutar ' London qui nuper ad denuntiat venerabil ' Patris Archiep ' Eborum pro contumaciis suis ratione contractus in civitate nostra Eborum habit ' ut dicebat tanquam excom ' claves Ecclesiae contemnent ' per corp ' suum secundum confuetud ' Angliae per te justic ' praecepimus donec c. esset satisfact ' eid ' Archiepiscop● ●…d satisfaciendum deo et sanctae ecclesiae sufficientem exposuit cautionem per quod eidem Archiepiscopus offic Archdiac London mutuae vicissitudin ' obtentu scripsit ut ipsum absolvat ab excom ' senten ' memorata sicut idem Archiepiscopus per Literas suas Patentes nob ' significavit

hath been many times confirmed the Lord Coke numbred up the number to be about twenty and we are to conclude on this it is the foundation of our liberties No Free-man can be imprisoned but by legale judicium Parium suorum aut per legem terrae But will they have it understood that no man should be committed but first he shall be indicted or presented I think that no learned man will offer that for certainly there is no Justice of Peace in a County nor Constable within a Town but he doth otherwise and might commit before an Indictment can be drawn or a Presentment can be made what then is meant by these words Per legem terrae if any man shall say this doth not warrant that the King may for reasons moving him commit a man and not be answerable for it neither to the party nor under your Lordships favour unto any Court of Justice but to the High Court of Heaven I doe deny it and will prove it by your statutes My Lord it was urged by the Councell on the other side that our printed Magna Charta which saith nec super eum mittimus are mistaken and that in divers Manuscripts it is expresly set down to be nec eum in Carcerem mittimus I cannot judge of the Manuscripts that I have not seen but my Lord I have one here by me which was written many Ages agoe and the words in print are word for word as that that is here written Then they say that Matthew Paris sets it downe so in his story my Lord we doe not govern our selves by Chronicle but to answer that of Matthew Paris he reports a thing done in King Iohns time but it was then but thought on and it was enacted in the time of Henry the third and there bee many things said to be done in Matthew Paris which were not and many things omitted by him which were done This Charter was but in election in the time of King John and then it might be nec eum in Carcerem mittimus but it was not enacted till the time of Henry the third and then that was omitted and the Charter granted as now we have it But if they doe see no more then I in this clause I know not why we should contend about these words seeing the first part of this statute saith Nemo imprisonetur why then may not I say as well nec eum in carcerem mittimus I see no difference in the words and therefore my Lord I shall not insist any longer upon the literall exposition of the words of Magna Charta but I will resort to the rest of it which is exprest in the subsequent statute and in common practise 2 E. 3. 8. 5 E. 3. 9. 14 E. 3. 14. The Councell on the other side said that the statute of 28 E. 3. c. 3. expresseth and giveth life to this Charter I shall desire to have that statute read Keeling Clerk Item whereas it is contained in the great Charter c. Vide all these statutes following in Master Littletons Argument in Parliament Heath Atturney My Lord the reading of this statute will give answer to it for it is apparent by the words thereof none shall be taken by petition c. and that the Court be extended to the first arrest but they are to be understood that none shall be condemned but hee shall be brought to answer and be tried And if it be expounded otherwise it will be contrary to that practise which was then in use But it is utterly forbidden by this statute that any man should be condemned upon suggestions or petitions made to the King or Councell without due triall by Law The next statute they cited was 25 Ed. 3. cap. 4. My Lord I desire that that may be read Keeling Clerk Item that no man of what estate or condition soever that he be shall be put out of land or tenement nor taken nor imprisoned nor disinherited nor put to death without being brought to answer by due processe of Law 42 E. 3. 3. Heath Atturney My Lord this statute is intended to be a finall prosecution for if a man shall be imprisoned without due processe and never be brought to answer that is unjust and forbidden by this statute but when a man is taken in causes that are unknown to us who walk below the staires we are not privy to the circumstances which may cause the triall to be delayed and peradventure it is not time to bring the matter to triall because it is not yet come to maturity and therefore this is not in the meaning of the statute Another statute that they mention is in the same year and it is pag. 9. chap. 9. I desire it may be read Keeling Clerk Item because the people of the Realm c. Vide Master Littleton as before Heath Atturney My Lord it is very clear that this statute had no manner of thought of this cause in question But whereas Sheriffes did procure Commissions to be awarded to themselves for their private gain to the prejudice of the subject the statute condemneth those commissions but it maketh nothing to this question which we have now in hand The next statute which they cited was 37 Ed. 3. cap. 18. I beseech it may be read Keeling Clerk Item though it be contained in the great Charter c. Vide as aforesaid Heath Atturney My Lord this statute seems to be a commentary and light to the other statutes the scope whereof is against private suggestions made to the King or his Councell and not in legall way and therefore it condemnes them and this is more fully expressed in the statute of 38 Ed. 3. cap. 9. which they likewise mentioned by which statute direction is given what security those persons which make such suggestions are to give that they should prosecute their suggestions and what punishment they shall undergoe if their suggestions be found false Keeling Clerk Item as to the Article made at the last Parliament c. Vide as before said Heath Atturney My Lord this and the last statute seem to conduce both to one purpose that they that in their accusations went not in a legall way to bring the party to his answer it was directed by this statute that they should goe a legall way The last Parliament in print the Councell on the other side produced was the statute of 1 R. 2. chap. 12. which I desire may be read Keeling Clerk Item whereas divers people at the suit of parties were committed to the Fleet c. Vide as before Heath Atturney My Lord it appeareth that the scope of this statute is against the Wardens of the Feet for some miscarriages in them but there is one thing in this statute which I shall desire your Lordship to observe and that is for those misdemeanours he shall forfeit his office except it be by writ from the King or his commandement so that it was no new doctrine

Tibi praecipimus quod praed Thom ' cum tibi constare poterit ipsum ab excom ' praedict ' per praedict ' Official ' absolvi à Prison ' qua detinetur si ea occasione non alia detineat ' in eadem sine dilatione deliberari fac ' And yet it cannot be said that although the King recited in his writ that the Archbishop had signified unto him that he had written unto the Officiall of the Archdeacon that the King said that the Archbishop had written for he doth not affirme so much precisely but onely referreth himself unto the Certificate of the Archbishop Plowden 122. Buckley and Rivers case it is put that if a man will bring an action of debt upon an obligation and declare that it appeares by the obligation that the defendant stood bound to the plaintiffe in twenty pounds the which he hath not paid this declaration is not good insomuch as it is not alledged by matter in fact that he was bound unto him in twenty pound but the deed is alledged by recitall onely 21 Ed. 4. 43. Plowden Com' 126. 143. Browning and Beestons case The Abbot of Waltham being appointed collector of a Disme granted unto the King in discharge of himself in the Exchequer pleadeth Quo inter recordat ' Ter. Pasc anno 15. domini Regis Edvardi 1. inter alia continetur quod R. 2. had granted unto the predecessors of the said Abbot that he nor any of his successours should be any collectors of any dismes to be granted afterwards and it was adjudged that this plea was ill For the saying it was contained among the Records it is no precise affirmation that the King had granted to his predecessors that they should be discharged of the collecting any dismes but it is onely an allegation by way of recitall and not by precise affirmation the plea may not bee good 2 3 Mar. Dier 117. 118. the plaintiffes reply in barre of all pleadeth that Iohn Abbot of W. was seised of his lands in right of his Church and so seised by the assent of the tenant by indenture 14 Hen. 4. testat ' quod praedict ' Abbat ' convent ' demiserunt tradiderunt unto the plaintiffe and ruled that this form of pleading was ill insomuch as it was not alledged by precise affirmation quod demiserunt sed indentura testatur quod demiserunt which is not sufficient insomuch as it is onely an allegation by way of recitall that the Indenture doth witnesse and the same Indenture may witnesse so much and yet not be a demise And if in pleading there must be direct affirmation of the matter alledged then à fortiore in a return which must be more precise then in pleading and so by all the cases I have formerly touched it appeareth that this return is no expresse affirmation of the keeper of the Gatehouse that Sir Iohn Corbet is detained in prison by the speciall commandment of the King but onely an affirmation of the Lords of the Councell who had signified unto him that his detainment in prison was by speciall command of the King The return which ought to be certain and punctuall and affirmative and not by way of information out of another mans mouth may not be good as appeareth by the severall books of our Law 23 Ed. 3. Rex vic' 181. upon a Homine replegiando against the Abbot of C. the Sheriffe returneth that he had sent to the Bailiffe of the Abbot that answered him that he was the villain of the Abbot by which he might not make deliverance and a Sicut alias was awarded for this return was insufficient insomuch that he had returned the answer of the Bailiffe of the Abbot where he ought to have returned the answer of the Abbot himself out of his own mouth Trin. 22 Ed. 2. Rot. 46. parent vill ' Burg Evesque de Norwich repl ' 68. Nat. Br. Case 34. Fitz. Nat. Br. 65. 34 Ed. 3. Excom ' 29. the case appeareth to be such in a trespasse the defendant pleadeth the plaintiffe is excommunicate and sheweth forth the letter of the Bishop of Lincoln witnessing that for divers contumacies c. and because he had certified no excommunic ' done by himself but by another the letter of Excommunication was annulled for the Bishop ought to have certified his own act and not the act of another Hillarii 21 Hen. 8. Rot. 37. it appeareth by the return of an Habeas corpus that Iohn Parker was committed to prison for security of the peace and for suspition of felony as per mandatum domini Regis nunciatum per Robertum Peck de Cliffords Inne and upon his return Iohn Parker was bailed for the return Commiss fuit per speciale mandatum domini Regis nunciatum per Robertum Peck was not good insomuch that it was not a direct return that he was committed per mandatum domini Regis And for the first point I conclude that this return is insufficient in form insomuch that it doth not make a precise and direct return that he was committed and detained by the speciall command of the King but only as he was signified by the warrant of the Lords of the Councel which will not serve the turn and upon the book of 9 Hen. 6. 44. the return of the cause of a mans imprisonment ought to be precise and direct upon the Habeas corpus insomuch as thereby to be able to judge of the cause whether it be sufficient or not for there may not any doubt be taken to the return be it true or false but the Court is to accept the same as true and if it be false the party must take his remedy by action upon the case And as concerning the matter of the return it will rest upon these parts First whether the return be that he is detained in prison by speciall commandment of our Lord the King be good or not without shewing the nature of the commandment or the cause whereupon the commitment is grounded in the return The second is whether the time of the first commitment by the commandment of the King not appearing to the Court is sufficient to detain him in prison Thirdly whether the imprisonment of the subjects without cause shewed but onely by the commandment of the King be warrantable by the laws and statutes of this Realm As unto the first part I finde by the books of our law that commandments of the King are of severall natures by some of which the imprisonment of a mans body is utterly unlawfull and by others of them although the imprisonment may be lawfull yet the continuance of him without bail or mainprise will be utterly unlawfull There is a verball command of the King which is by word of mouth of the Kings only and such commandment by the King by the books of our law will not be sufficient either to imprison a man or to continue him in prison 16. 6. Monstrans de

the first was Thomas Brown he was committed to the Marshalseys Per mandatum domini Regis aliis certis de causis and afterwards the Records say Dominus Rex quoad Chase relaxavit mandatum suum and he was bailed and the rest lay by it My Lords I will conclude I could be infinite in this case in presidents but enough is enough your Lordship knoweth the weight of presidents it is not enough to shew this was done but also to shew the reason why it was done I wil trouble your Lordship no longer but if any man shall doubt whether that or any part thereof be truly recited which hath been said touching the Records or Statutes I can say no more but that the statutes have been read and the Records are ready sorted out to be seen by your Lordship I shall conclude that I shall say in this case to answer the fear rather then the just ground of them that say that this may be a cause of great danger with the words of Bracton who spake not to flatter the present age lib. 1. chap. 8. in the end speaking of a writ for wrong done by the King to the Subject touching land he saith these words si judicium à Rege testatur cum breve non currat contra ipsum locus erat supplicationi quod factum suum corrigat emendet quod quidem si non fecerit satis sufficit ei ad poenam quod dominum expectet ultorem nemo quidem de factis suis praesumat disputare multo fortius contra factum suum venire My Lords I englished it not for I apply it not any man may make use of it as he pleaseth and so I conclude both for the point of Exception and matter of the Return which I referre to your Lordships judgement whether all in the Return but these words Per speciale mandatum domini Regis be not superfluous And for the matter whether these Gentlemen be bailable or not bailable I have shewed your Lordship that by the practise of all ages they are not bailable but have beene remaunded back And therefore I pray your Lordship that these Gentlemen may be remitted and left to goe the right way for their delivery which is by Petition to the King whether it be a Petition of right or of grace I know not it must be I am sure to the King from whom I do personally understand that these Gentlemen did never yet present any Petition to him that came to his knowledge Hide Chief Justice Master Atturney thus much we must say to you you have taken a great deal of pains you having had so short a time to consider of this case it is a case of very grear weight and expectation and we doe not intend that you shall expect long for our resolution for that these Gentlemen are in prison and desire no doubt to know where they must trust I hope we shall resolve according to the reason of former times and according to our consciences but this I must tell you as I did those that argued you must bring in your presidents for though wee have seen some of them yet some of them we have not seen therefore we desire that your servants or your selves doe attend and bring unto us after dinner those presidents you have mentioned on the Kings part for we intend to meet this afternoon and you shall have our opinions to morrow and I must tell you on the other side that this cause being of such weight Councell should be wary how they speak any thing to inveagle the Court. Touching such presidents as you urged in some of them we know there is something urged which makes not for you so you have omitted some materiall things to be shewn I speake it to this purpose not to prejudice the cause or to deliver my opinion which becomes me not but to shew that Counsellors should be carefull and this I dare say there is matter in some of the presidents themselves that leads to another case if they were intirely cited The Term grows away you shall not be long in expectation we will meet this afternoon and give you our opinions to morrow morning Master Noye We desire that Master Atturney may bring the presidents of 34 Elizabeth with him Master Atturney I will shew you any thing but my Lord I shal be bold to claim the priviledge of my place as the Kings Councell when the Kings Atturney hath spoken there ought to be no Arguments after that but if you aske to see any thing you shall have it Hide Chief Justice It is that we aim at the truth and right may appear and not satisfie the one or the other part but it is not desired to make use of it by way of reply but for satisfaction onely Serjeant Bramstone My Lord for the presidents I cited I did think they should have been brought and read in the Court that your Lordship might see them Hide Chiefe Iustice You shall need no Apology the Records and Presidents shall be brought to the Court and read openly for the Court will not wrong you and you shall see the difference between them and your relation of them nor you must not wrong us with your written verities On thursday the twenty eight of November Michaelis 3. Caroli Regis Hide Chief Justice Justice Doderidge Justice Jones and Justice Whitlock on the Bench Sir John Corbet Sir Walter Earle Sir John Henningham and Sir Edmund Hampden at the Bar. Hide Chief Iustice I am sure you here expect the resolution of the whole Court as accordingly yesterday we told you you should have This is a case of very great weight and great expectation and it had been fit we should have used more solemn arguments of it then now for the shortnesse of the time we can doe for you have been long in prison and it is fit you should know whereunto you should trust I am sure you expect Justice from hence and God forbid we should sit here but to doe Justice to all men according to our best skill and knowledge for it is our oaths and duties so to doe and I am sure there is nothing else expected of us We are sworn to maintain all the Prerogatives of the King that is one branch of our oath and we are likewise sworn to administer Justice equally to all people We cannot I tell you deliver in solemn arguments and give the judgements of every one of us touching this case as the weight thereof requireth but we have met together and we have duly and seriously considered of it and of all that which hath been spoken of on either side and we are grown to a resolution and my brothers have injoined me to del●ver to you the resolution of the whole Court and therefore though it bee delivered by my mouth it is the resolution of us all I hope I shall not mistake any thing of their intention in my delivery but if I doe they sit

the Records and after the King releaseth his commandment and that the outlawry should be reversed and for the felony he was bailed Vide the Record So that you may see the offences mentioned in the Warrant for the commitment were triable here and when the King releases his commandment they were bailed for the rest but they that were committed by the commandment of the King were released by the King In 7 H. 7. the Cases of William Bartholmew Henry Carre and others is to the same effect by all which you may see that when the King releaseth his commandment they were bailed for the rest and as they were committed by the Kings commandment so they were released by the Kings command Now here I shall trouble you with no more presidents and you see your own what conclusion they produce And those strong presidents alledged on the other side we are not wiser then they that went before us and the common custome of the Law is the Common Law of the Land and that hath been the continuall common custome of the Law to which we are to submit for we come not to charge the Law but to submit to it We have looked upon that president that was mentioned by Master Atturney The resolution of all the Judges of England in 34 Eliz. we have considered of the time and I think there were not before nor have been since more upright Judges then they were Wray was one and Anderson another In Easter Term this was certified under the hands of all the Judges of England and Barons of the Exchequer in a duplicate whereof the one was delivered to the Lord Chancellor and the other to the Lord Treasurer to be delivered to the Queen We have compared our copies not taking them the one from the other but bringing them we have long had them by us together and they all agree word for word and that which M. Atturney said he had out of Judge Andersons Book and it is to this purpose to omit other things That if a man be committed by the commandment of the King he is not to be delivered by a Habeas Corpus in this Court for we know not the cause of the commitment Vide this at the latter end of the first part of Master Seldens Argument as aforesaid But the Question now is Whether we may deliver this Gentleman or not you see what hath been the practice in all the Kings times heretofore and your own Records and this resolution of all the Judges teacheth us and what can we do but walk in the steps of our forefathers If you ask me which way you should be delivered we shall tell you we must not counsell you Master Atturney hath told you that the King hath done it and we trust him in great matters and he is bound by Law and he bids us proceed by Law as we are sworn to do and so is the King and we make no doubt but the King if you seek to him he knowing the cause why you are imprisoned he will have mercy but we leave that If in Justice we ought to deliver you we would do it but upon these grounds and these Records and the presidents and resolutions we cannot deliver you but you must be remanded Now if I have mistaken any thing I desire to be righted by my brethren I have indeavoured to give the resolutions of us all TO THE KINGS MOST EXCELLENT MAIESTY The humble Petition of Sir John Elliot Knight Prisoner in the Gatehouse concerning the LOANE Delivered the 10th of Novemb 1627. but never answered SHEWETH THAT your poore suppliant affected with sorrow and unhappinesse through the long sense of your Majesties displeasure willing in every act of duty and obedience to satisfie your Majesty of the loyalty of his heart then which he hath nothing more desired that there may not remain a jealousie in your royall breast that stubbornnesse and will have been the motives of his forbearing to condescend to the said Loan low as your Highnesse foot with a sad yet a faithfull heart for an Apology to your Clemency and Grace he now presumes to offer up the Reasons that induced him which he conceiveth necessity of his duty to Religion Justice and your Majesty did inforce The Rule of Justice he takes to be the Law impartiall Arbiter of Governments and obedience the support and strength of Majesty the observation of that Justice by which subjection is commanded Religion adding to these power not to be resisted binde up the conscience in an Obligation to that rule which without open prejudice and violence of these duties may not be impeached In this particular therefore for the Loan being desirous to be satisfied how farre the Obligation might extend and resolving where he was left master of his own to become servant to your will he had recourse unto the Laws to be informed by them which in all humility he submitteth to your most sacred view in the Collections following In the time of Edw. 1. he findeth that the Commons of that age were so tender of their Liberties as they feared even their own free Acts and gifts might turn them to a Bondage and their heires wherefore it was desired and granted 25 E. 1. That for no businesse such manner of Aids Taxes nor Prizes should be taken but by common assent of the Realm and for the common Profit thereof The like was in force by the same King and by two other Laws again enacted Stat. Tallage 33 E. 1. That no Tallage or Aid should be taken or levied without the good will and assent of the Archbishops Bishops Earls Barons Knights Burgesses and other Freemen of the Land And that prudent and magnanimous Prince Edward the third led by the same Wisdome having granted That the greatest gift given in Parliament for the aid and speed of his matchlesse undertaking against France should not be had in example nor fall to the prejudice of the Subject in time to come did likewise adde in confirmation of that Right That they should not from thenceforth be grieved to sustain any charge or aid but by the common assent and that in Parliament And more particularly upon this point upon a Petition of the Commons afterwards in Parliament it was established Rot. 16. 25 E. 3. That the Loans which are granted to the King by divers persons be released and that none from henceforth be compelled to make such Loans against their wills because it is against reason and the Franchises of the Land and restitution be made to such as made such Loans And by another Act upon a new occasion in the time of Richard the third it was ordained That the Subject in no wise be charged with any such charge exaction or imposition called a Benevolence nor such like Charge and that such like exactions be damned and annulled for ever 1 R. 3. Such were the opinions of these times for all these Aids Benevolences Loans and such like charges exacted