title_n to_o land_n by_o action_n condition_n or_o entry_n or_o he_o which_o have_v a_o contingent_a use_n shall_v not_o be_v tax_v for_o they_o neither_o be_v cestui_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n at_o the_o common_a law_n before_o the_o statute_n of_o 27_o h._n 8._o of_o use_n nor_o be_v the_o bargainee_n of_o land_n before_o the_o deed_n be_v enrol_v sessable_a by_o this_o law_n neither_o be_v one_o who_o have_v the_o presentation_n or_o nomination_n to_o a_o church_n as_o patron_n or_o he_o which_o be_v founder_n for_o his_o foundership_n taxable_a within_o this_o statute_n yet_o they_o be_v tenement_n the_o large_a word_n of_o charge_n within_o this_o law_n but_o the_o law_n intend_v the_o immediate_a possession_n of_o such_o tenement_n which_o be_v proficuous_a and_o not_o these_o thing_n which_o be_v tenement_n in_o law_n and_o which_o be_v but_o conveyance_n and_o their_o fruit_n be_v ceremony_n without_o substance_n this_o law_n set_v down_o such_o thing_n for_o the_o which_o one_o be_v chargeable_a viz._n he_o which_o have_v land_n tenement_n rent_n commons_o of_o pasture_n profit_n of_o fish_v or_o other_o commodity_n and_o such_o as_o have_v safety_n profit_n defence_n or_o any_o other_o commodity_n these_o be_v the_o word_n of_o charge_n recite_v by_o this_o law_n this_o word_n land_n be_v of_o large_a extent_n for_o it_o reach_v to_o house_n arable_a pasture_n meadow_n mill_n tofts_n and_o to_o all_o other_o edifice_n moor_n marish_n wood_n wood_n ground_n for_o all_o these_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o substance_n et_fw-fr omne_fw-la solo_fw-la cedet_fw-la and_o the_o several_a increase_v thereof_o be_v but_o quality_n the_o word_n tenement_n be_v of_o large_a extent_n than_o land_n for_o it_o contain_v all_o which_o the_o word_n land_n do_v and_o all_o thing_n else_o which_o lie_v in_o tenure_n so_o that_o i_o think_v it_o shall_v be_v but_o labour_n lose_v to_o enter_v further_o into_o the_o particular_n thereof_o lord_n and_o tenant_n if_o there_o be_v lord_n and_o tenant_n and_o the_o tenant_n hold_v of_o the_o lord_n by_o yearly_a rend_a service_n the_o lord_n may_v be_v rate_v as_o well_o for_o his_o rent_n as_o the_o tenant_n for_o his_o land_n to_o annual_a repair_n as_o well_o as_o to_o accidental_a by_o reason_n of_o these_o word_n in_o the_o statute_n that_o be_v that_o every_o one_o be_v rate_v and_o tax_v according_a to_o the_o rate_n of_o every_o person_n rend_v tenure_n or_o profit_n here_o be_v full_a word_n to_o charge_v the_o lord_n for_o his_o rent_n and_o so_o rend_a charge_n and_o rend_v seck_fw-mi shall_v be_v subject_a to_o sess_v in_o this_o kind_n for_o otherwise_o the_o tenant_n of_o the_o ground_n may_v be_v undo_v thereby_o in_o regard_n the_o rent_n go_v and_o issue_v out_o of_o the_o ground_n may_v amount_v to_o as_o much_o almost_o as_o the_o yearly_a value_n of_o the_o ground_n do_v but_o if_o the_o rent_n be_v so_o small_a as_o they_o be_v scarce_o worth_a the_o gather_n then_o in_o discretion_n the_o commissioner_n may_v spare_v they_o for_o de_fw-fr minimis_fw-la non_fw-la curate_n lex_fw-la also_o whether_o the_o remainder_n man_n and_o he_o in_o reversion_n depend_v upon_o a_o estate_n in_o tail_n shall_v be_v rate_v and_o tax_v or_o not_o by_o the_o power_n of_o these_o law_n be_v a_o apt_a question_n for_o this_o place_n and_o therein_o my_o opinion_n be_v that_o be_v dry_a and_o fruitless_a remainder_n and_o reversion_n they_o shall_v not_o be_v sess_v to_o the_o repair_v but_o the_o tenant_n in_o tail_n in_o possession_n shall_v be_v sole_o charge_v for_o it_o be_v more_o to_o be_v fear_v that_o tenant_n in_o tail_n will_v cut_v off_o the_o remainder_n and_o reversion_n by_o a_o recovery_n then_o that_o the_o sea_n shall_v drown_v his_o estate_n by_o a_o overflow_n lessee_n for_o year_n and_o he_o in_o reversion_n in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o lessee_n for_o year_n and_o for_o life_n and_o those_o in_o reversion_n and_o remainder_n there_o be_v a_o great_a cause_n of_o dispute_n then_o between_o tenant_n in_o tail_n and_o he_o in_o the_o reversion_n and_o because_o it_o be_v a_o often_o case_n i_o have_v therefore_o take_v the_o more_o pain_n to_o resolve_v the_o same_o first_o the_o lessee_n be_v in_o the_o present_a possession_n and_o so_o be_v subject_a to_o all_o ordinary_a charge_n and_o with_o this_o agree_v jeffray_v case_n jeffray_v case_n case_n in_o sir_n edward_n cook_n 5_o report_n for_o there_o the_o case_n be_v resolve_v that_o where_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o a_o town_n be_v assess_v towards_o the_o repair_n of_o a_o church_n there_o the_o lessee_n for_o year_n be_v charge_v and_o not_o the_o lessor_n though_o he_o have_v a_o yearly_a rent_n reserve_v for_o in_o point_n of_o the_o rent_n this_o case_n and_o that_o will_v differ_v by_o reason_n rent_n be_v express_o within_o this_o law_n but_o i_o now_o speak_v of_o a_o lessee_n where_o no_o rent_n be_v reserve_v in_o 17_o ed._n 4._o fol._n 6_o a_o ten_o be_v grant_v to_o the_o 4._o 17_o ed._n 4._o king_n by_o parliament_n of_o the_o value_n of_o their_o land_n and_o the_o lessee_n for_o year_n be_v charge_v therewithal_o and_o so_o be_v the_o law_n there_o take_v if_o the_o parliament_n have_v give_v the_o ten_o part_n of_o the_o issue_n and_o profit_n of_o the_o land_n the_o case_n of_o the_o proxy_n in_o the_o irish_a report_n do_v in_o my_o opinion_n in_o reason_n resemble_v this_o case_n for_o the_o case_n be_v proxy_n case_n of_o proxy_n there_o that_o the_o bishop_n of_o meath_z in_o ireland_n have_v a_o proxy_n of_o fifteen_o shilling_n payable_a out_o of_o the_o commandry_n of_o kells_n than_o parcel_n of_o the_o possession_n of_o st._n john_n all_o which_o come_v to_o the_o crown_n by_o the_o dissolution_n of_o monastery_n in_o that_o kingdom_n and_o after_o the_o say_a bishop_n grant_v the_o say_v proxy_n to_o queen_n elizabeth_n and_o after_o q._n elizabeth_n make_v a_o lease_n of_o the_o commandry_n to_o dr._n forth_o reserve_v a_o yearly_a rent_n without_o mention_v the_o proxy_n and_o it_o be_v there_o resolve_v that_o doctor_n forth_o the_o lessee_n for_o year_n shall_v be_v at_o the_o charge_n to_o pay_v the_o say_a proxy_n with_o all_o the_o arrearage_n thereof_o which_o do_v incur_v in_o his_o time_n and_o so_o in_o the_o case_n of_o a_o rend_a charge_n the_o lessee_n be_v chargeable_a and_o he_o be_v to_o pay_v the_o tithe_n and_o the_o composition_n money_n due_a therefore_o so_o that_o these_o case_n sway_v strong_o against_o the_o lessee_n for_o year_n to_o lay_v the_o whole_a charge_n upon_o he_o and_o to_o exempt_v the_o lessor_n but_o yet_o we_o must_v here_o distinguish_v and_o make_v a_o difference_n between_o annual_a repair_n in_o ordinary_a thing_n and_o extraordinary_a repair_n for_o to_o furnish_v the_o defence_n with_o petty_a reparation_n they_o shall_v be_v lay_v only_o upon_o the_o lessee_n for_o year_n or_o for_o life_n but_o if_o a_o new_a wall_n bank_n or_o goat_n or_o sewer_n be_v to_o be_v build_v new_a and_o erect_v or_o if_o the_o ancient_a defence_n be_v decay_v in_o the_o main_a timber_n or_o in_o the_o principal_a part_n thereof_o here_o as_o well_o the_o lessor_n as_o the_o lessee_n shall_v be_v put_v to_o the_o charge_n for_o these_o thing_n be_v not_o ordinary_a and_o annual_a charge_n but_o do_v reach_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o lease_n to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o inheritance_n as_o for_o petty_a reparation_n they_o be_v by_o intendment_n to_o continue_v but_o for_o a_o short_a time_n which_o be_v likely_a to_o be_v spend_v during_o the_o term_n and_o lease_n but_o these_o new_a defence_n be_v apparent_o do_v to_o save_v the_o inheritance_n and_o this_o difference_n hold_v good_a correspondency_n with_o other_o case_n in_o our_o law_n as_o in_o 49_o ed._n 3._o fol._n 1._o and_o 3_o eliz._n in_o dyer_n fol._n 198._o and_o in_o dier_n 49_o ed._n 3._o 3_o eliz._n dier_n that_o book_n again_o fol._n 134._o and_o in_o divers_a other_o book_n it_o be_v hold_v for_o law_n that_o if_o a_o house_n in_o lease_n decay_v in_o the_o groundsel_n post_n or_o balk_v in_o the_o great_a timber_n in_o direct_a wear_n by_o tract_n of_o time_n and_o not_o in_o default_n of_o the_o lessee_n the_o lessee_n may_v take_v and_o cut_v up_o timber_n grow_v on_o the_o ground_n lease_v to_o repair_v the_o same_o and_o the_o lessee_n shall_v be_v at_o charge_n of_o workmanship_n for_o the_o repair_n be_v in_o matter_n of_o right_n and_o do_v the_o lessee_n good_a during_o his_o lease_n and_o the_o lessor_n after_o the_o expiration_n thereof_o and_o because_o these_o great_a repair_v extend_v to_o both_o their_o good_n therefore_o they_o shall_v both_o be_v contributory_a thereto_o but_o if_o a_o house_n be_v decay_v in_o splint_v thack_n wall_v or_o in_o such_o
for_o a_o distress_n take_v in_o the_o king_n court_n for_o that_o they_o be_v of_o a_o superior_a authority_n and_o jurisdiction_n to_o these_o inferior_a court_n of_o sewer_n and_o therefore_o the_o replevin_n which_o our_o statute_n aim_v to_o give_v way_n to_o be_v intend_v to_o be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o king_n court_n which_o in_o law_n and_o justice_n ought_v to_o be_v obey_v and_o not_o from_o the_o sheriff_n or_o his_o officer_n by_o virtue_n of_o their_o office_n only_o but_o in_o my_o case_n the_o commissioner_n make_v a_o law_n that_o the_o good_n of_o a._n shall_v be_v sell_v without_o allowance_n of_o replevin_n which_o be_v a_o good_a law_n upon_o the_o distinction_n and_o diversity_n aforesaid_a that_o be_v that_o a._n who_o be_v the_o person_n assess_v may_v not_o have_v or_o take_v a_o replevin_n because_o he_o be_v a_o person_n bind_v express_o by_o the_o law_n nor_o that_o the_o sheriff_n or_o his_o officer_n exit_fw-la officio_fw-la may_v grant_v a_o replevin_n to_o deliver_v the_o same_o be_v under_o the_o power_n of_o this_o law_n of_o sewer_n but_o the_o king_n court_n at_o westminster_n may_v in_o those_o case_n of_o sewer_n deliver_v the_o distress_n and_o this_o construction_n make_v of_o this_o statute_n as_o i_o take_v it_o stand_v with_o law_n and_o reason_n and_o in_o the_o 31_o ed._n 3._o brook_z replevin_n plac_n 60._o the_o case_n be_v put_v a_o man_n do_v grant_v to_o a._n b._n a_o rent_n out_o of_o his_o ground_n 3._o 13_o ed._n 3._o with_o power_n that_o if_o it_o be_v behind_o that_o he_o may_v distrain_v therefore_o and_o detain_v the_o distress_n against_o gauge_n and_o pledge_n and_o yes_o it_o be_v adjudge_v that_o if_o the_o rent_n be_v behind_o and_o the_o grantor_n distrain_v he_o can_v not_o detain_v this_o distress_n against_o the_o replevin_n yet_o here_o be_v the_o direct_a word_n of_o the_o party_n himself_o to_o the_o contrary_a but_o his_o word_n can_v not_o over-rule_v the_o law_n so_o that_o upon_o all_o these_o matter_n i_o hold_v these_o tenant_n follow_v imprimis_fw-la to_o make_v a_o general_a law_n to_o restrain_v all_o replevin_n grant_v either_o from_o the_o sheriff_n or_o the_o king_n court_n be_v no_o good_a law_n or_o ordinance_n of_o sewer_n for_o that_o replevin_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la be_v in_o such_o case_n grantable_a out_o of_o the_o king_n court_n and_o such_o a_o general_a law_n savour_v too_o much_o of_o oppression_n in_o stop_v up_o the_o gate_n of_o justice_n second_o for_o a_o sheriff_n or_o his_o deputy_n to_o grant_v and_o award_n warrant_v of_o replevin_n exit_fw-la officio_fw-la to_o deliver_v good_n or_o cattle_n distrain_v and_o detain_v for_o a_o tax_n and_o law_n of_o sewer_n be_v in_o my_o opinion_n against_o law_n and_o need_v not_o to_o be_v obey_v for_o that_o the_o distress_n be_v sub_n protectione_n superioris_fw-la curiae_fw-la which_o be_v of_o a_o high_a degree_n than_o a_o sheriff_n ministerial_a warrant_n three_o if_o a_o distress_n be_v take_v and_o sell_v for_o a_o sesse_n of_o sewer_n a_o replevin_n lie_v against_o the_o buyer_n for_o by_o the_o sale_n the_o good_n and_o cattle_n be_v put_v out_o of_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o court_n of_o sewer_n four_o if_o a_o rate_n or_o tax_n be_v impose_v by_o the_o law_n of_o sewer_n upon_o i._n s._n &_o the_o good_n of_o john_n a_o down_n be_v take_v therefore_o on_o the_o ground_n of_o i._n s._n which_o be_v charge_v i._n d._n may_v sue_v a_o replevin_n of_o his_o say_a cattle_n from_o the_o sheriff_n for_o that_o he_o nor_o his_o good_n be_v not_o express_o bind_v by_o the_o law_n of_o sewer_n five_o a_o replevin_n lie_v out_o of_o the_o king_n court_n of_o westminster_n to_o deliver_v a_o distress_n take_v and_o detain_v by_o the_o law_n of_o sewer_n for_o that_o they_o be_v court_n de_fw-fr altiore_fw-la natura_fw-la six_o a_o distress_n take_v by_o a_o lord_n on_o his_o tenant_n for_o not_o repair_v a_o work_n of_o sewer_n which_o by_o the_o tenure_n of_o his_o land_n he_o ought_v to_o do_v and_o repair_v the_o tenant_n may_v sue_v a_o replevin_n from_o the_o sheriff_n exit_fw-la officio_fw-la to_o deliver_v the_o distress_n for_o that_o this_o distress_n be_v not_o take_v or_o detain_v by_o warrant_n judgement_n or_o decree_n of_o sewer_n seven_o if_o upon_o a_o judgement_n give_v in_o the_o king_n court_n or_o upon_o a_o decree_n make_v in_o this_o court_n of_o sewer_n a_o writ_n or_o warrant_n of_o distringas_fw-la ad_fw-la reparandum_fw-la or_o of_o that_o nature_n be_v award_v and_o the_o party_n good_n be_v thereby_o take_v these_o good_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v deliver_v by_o replevin_n to_o be_v take_v either_o out_o of_o this_o court_n or_o out_o of_o any_o other_o court_n of_o the_o king_n because_o it_o be_v a_o execution_n out_o of_o a_o judgement_n eight_o although_o one_o grant_v a_o rent_n out_o of_o his_o land_n with_o clause_n of_o distress_n and_o with_o grant_n or_o covenant_n that_o the_o grantee_n may_v distrain_v and_o detain_v this_o distress_n till_o he_o shall_v be_v satisfy_v his_o rent_n yet_o a_o replevin_n lie_v in_o that_o case_n a_o perpetual_a charge_n so_o now_o i_o have_v full_o and_z at_o large_a declare_v my_o opinion_n touch_v distress_n and_o replevin_n wherein_o i_o hope_v i_o have_v full_o satisfy_v the_o first_o point_n of_o my_o case_n i_o intend_v therefore_o now_o to_o proceed_v to_o the_o six_o point_n which_o concern_v charge_n and_o sale_n of_o land_n to_o be_v make_v by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n by_o the_o power_n and_o authority_n of_o this_o law_n and_o first_o i_o suppose_v the_o question_n may_v be_v extend_v to_o this_o that_o be_v whether_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n can_v impose_v a_o perpetual_a charge_n upon_o land_n to_o repair_v a_o work_n of_o sewer_n for_o ever_o by_o the_o power_n of_o these_o law_n i_o do_v here_o acknowledge_v that_o this_o be_v a_o knotty_a point_n yet_o something_o may_v be_v allege_v in_o maintenance_n of_o this_o opinion_n affirmative_o for_o in_o the_o part_n of_o holland_n in_o the_o county_n of_o lincoln_n almost_o every_o one_o know_v which_o part_n he_o be_v to_o repair_v and_o maintain_v in_o perpetuity_n and_o experientia_fw-la est_fw-la optima_fw-la interpres_fw-la rerum_fw-la and_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o charter_n of_o romney_n marsh_n pag._n 12._o that_o the_o use_n there_o be_v to_o impose_v perpetual_a charge_n on_o singular_a person_n 12._o char._n romney_n marsh_n pag._n 12._o for_o the_o word_n there_o be_v these_o juratores_fw-la per_fw-la eor_fw-la '_o sacrament_n '_o mensur_fw-fr abunt_fw-la per_fw-la perticam_fw-la omnes_fw-la terr_v as_o &_o tenementa_fw-la quae_fw-la infra_fw-la dictum_fw-la mariscum_fw-la periculo_fw-la subiacent_a quibus_fw-la mensueration_n '_o factis_fw-la viginti_fw-la quatuor_fw-la per_fw-la communitatem_fw-la prius_fw-la electi_fw-la &_o jurati_fw-la habito_fw-la respectu_fw-la ad_fw-la quantitatem_fw-la walliar_n '_o terrar_n '_o &_o tenement_n '_o quae_fw-la periculo_fw-la subiacent_a per_fw-la eor_fw-la '_o sacramentum_fw-la ordinabunt_fw-la quantum_fw-la ad_fw-la predictarum_fw-la walliar_n '_o sustentationem_fw-la &_o reperationem_fw-la faciend_n '_o &_o sustinend_v '_o add_v quemlibet_fw-la pertineat_fw-la ita_fw-la quod_fw-la proportion_n '_o acrar_n '_o terrar_n '_o periculo_fw-la subiacent_a '_o singulis_fw-la assignetur_fw-la sva_fw-la portio_fw-la perticar_n '_o &_o predict_v '_o assignatio_fw-la fiat_fw-la per_fw-la locos_fw-la certos_fw-la ita_fw-la ut_fw-la scietur_fw-la ubi_fw-la &_o per_fw-la quae_fw-la loca_fw-la ad_fw-la quantum_fw-la singuli_fw-la defendere_fw-la teneantur_fw-la these_o word_n in_o this_o charter_n seem_v to_o be_v plain_a that_o by_o the_o law_n establish_v in_o romney_n marsh_n the_o commissioner_n have_v power_n to_o assign_v to_o every_o man_n his_o portion_n to_o repair_v in_o perpetuity_n but_o i_o find_v no_o such_o word_n in_o our_o statute_n and_o whereas_o it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o our_o commissioner_n have_v power_n to_o make_v sale_n of_o the_o land_n ergo_fw-la they_o may_v charge_v they_o perpetual_o but_o this_o be_v a_o non_fw-la sequitur_fw-la for_o that_o for_o the_o sale_n they_o have_v express_v warrant_n but_o not_o so_o for_o the_o charge_n and_o power_n and_o authority_n must_v be_v due_o pursue_v and_o be_v not_o to_o be_v take_v by_o equitable_a or_o argumentable_a collection_n or_o implication_n so_o that_o it_o may_v seem_v the_o law_n of_o sewer_n be_v never_o hold_v so_o perdurable_a as_o to_o bind_v man_n land_n with_o perpetual_a charge_n and_o therefore_o this_o difference_n i_o take_v that_o by_o the_o custom_n of_o a_o town_n or_o country_n every_o one_o may_v know_v his_o particular_a portion_n which_o the_o owner_n of_o ground_n be_v oblige_v and_o bind_v to_o repair_v perpetual_o but_o without_o such_o a_o custom_n it_o have_v be_v hold_v that_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n can_v bind_v any_o man_n inheritance_n to_o a_o
decree_n of_o the_o sale_n must_v be_v direct_v by_o and_o depend_v upon_o the_o sesse_v but_o if_o after_o the_o general_n sesse_v be_v lay_v the_o same_o be_v after_o assess_v upon_o particular_a person_n by_o particular_a sum_n by_o the_o say_a commissioner_n then_o upon_o default_n of_o payment_n their_o land_n make_v default_n may_v be_v decree_v from_o they_o by_o the_o power_n of_o this_o statute_n if_o a_o assess_v or_o charge_v of_o payment_n be_v lay_v upon_o certain_a land_n without_o mention_v the_o owner_n the_o land_n can_v be_v decree_v from_o he_o by_o this_o law_n for_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n be_v that_o if_o any_o person_n or_o person_n assess_v to_o any_o lot_n or_o charge_n do_v not_o pay_v so_o that_o i_o shall_v take_v it_o that_o no_o decree_n for_o sale_n of_o land_n can_v be_v make_v but_o where_o there_o be_v a_o person_n certain_o assess_v by_o name_n land_n can_v be_v decree_v away_o from_o the_o owner_n for_o default_n of_o payment_n of_o fines_n amerciament_n or_o pain_n for_o though_o these_o be_v sum_n of_o money_n or_o charge_n impose_v by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n of_o person_n certain_a for_o matter_n touch_v these_o law_n yet_o because_o they_o be_v not_o sess_v or_o rate_v towards_o the_o repair_n of_o any_o work_n of_o sewer_n but_o be_v set_v upon_o the_o party_n as_o mulct_n and_o punishment_n and_o be_v due_a to_o the_o king_n therefore_o no_o decree_n of_o land_n can_v be_v make_v for_o any_o of_o they_o now_o the_o second_o part_n of_o this_o clause_n be_v what_o land_n may_v be_v decree_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o say_a statute_n and_o thereby_o it_o appear_v they_o must_v be_v such_o land_n as_o lie_v and_o be_v within_o the_o power_n of_o this_o commission_n of_o sewer_n and_o herein_o rest_v a_o difference_n between_o the_o case_n of_o a_o distress_n for_o a_o sesse_v which_o may_v be_v take_v in_o any_o place_n within_o this_o realm_n and_o the_o decree_n of_o sale_n of_o land_n for_o nonpayment_n of_o a_o sesse_v which_o must_v lie_v within_o the_o bound_n and_o extent_n of_o the_o commission_n for_o this_o distress_n be_v circumscribe_v to_o the_o extent_n of_o the_o statute_n which_o be_v over_o the_o whole_a realm_n and_o the_o sale_n be_v tie_v to_o the_o limit_n of_o the_o commission_n and_o i_o be_o also_o of_o opinion_n that_o no_o land_n can_v be_v sell_v away_o by_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n but_o such_o as_o be_v charge_v with_o the_o sesse_v if_o one_o hold_v his_o land_n in_o comitat_fw-la '_o eborum_fw-la to_o repair_v a_o sea-bank_n in_o the_o county_n of_o lincoln_n and_o the_o owner_n be_v assess_v therefore_o and_o make_v default_n of_o payment_n the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n in_o the_o county_n of_o lincoln_n may_v give_v warrant_n to_o distrain_v for_o this_o sesse_v in_o the_o county_n of_o york_n but_o they_o can_v decree_v away_o by_o sale_n those_o land_n lie_v there_o which_o be_v charge_v with_o the_o sesse_v a_o copyholder_n land_n can_v be_v decree_v against_o he_o by_o this_o law_n for_o if_o it_o may_v than_o these_o customary_a land_n shall_v be_v transfer_v from_o one_o to_o another_o contrary_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n whereof_o they_o be_v parcel_n and_o it_o will_v infringe_v that_o rule_n which_o be_v deliver_v in_o heidons_n case_n case_n heidons_n case_n in_o cook_n 3_o report_n which_o be_v when_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n do_v alter_v the_o service_n tenure_n and_o interest_n of_o the_o land_n or_o other_o thing_n in_o prejudice_n of_o the_o lord_n or_o of_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n or_o of_o the_o tenant_n there_o the_o general_a word_n of_o such_o a_o statute_n do_v not_o extend_v to_o copyhold_n and_o in_o this_o case_n if_o any_o sale_n shall_v be_v make_v by_o the_o commissioner_n all_o the_o say_a rule_n shall_v be_v infringe_v for_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o custom_n to_o pass_v these_o land_n without_o surrender_n it_o be_v in_o prejudice_n of_o the_o lord_n to_o have_v copyhold-land_n pass_v and_o he_o to_o have_v no_o fine_a and_o i_o be_o likewise_o of_o opinion_n that_o the_o freehold_a of_o these_o land_n can_v not_o be_v pass_v away_o for_o a_o sesse_v or_o a_o lay_n because_o the_o lord_n have_v but_o the_o shadow_n and_o the_o copyholder_n have_v the_o substance_n but_o if_o the_o lord_n rent_n of_o assize_n shall_v be_v assess_v as_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v and_o he_o do_v neglect_v to_o pay_v than_o these_o rent_n may_v be_v decree_v from_o he_o and_o so_o may_v all_o other_o land_n tenement_n and_o hereditament_n decree_v in_o respect_n whereof_o one_o be_v sessable_a and_o sess_v by_o the_o law_n the_o three_o branch_n of_o this_o clause_n be_v the_o direct_a point_n in_o my_o case_n viz._n what_o person_n &_o what_o estate_n be_v bind_v by_o these_o decree_n and_o first_o of_o the_o heir_n in_o tail_n whether_o they_o be_v bind_v by_o a_o decree_n make_v against_o the_o donee_n in_o tail_n their_o ancestor_n be_v the_o question_n in_o the_o handle_n whereof_o i_o hold_v it_o sit_v to_o show_v in_o what_o case_n the_o heir_n in_o tail_n have_v be_v bind_v by_o the_o act_n of_o their_o ancestor_n and_o the_o reason_n and_o cause_n thereof_o and_o therefore_o if_o a_o disseisor_n make_v a_o gift_n in_o tail_n and_o the_o donee_n in_o tail_n grant_v a_o rent_n to_o the_o dissessee_n for_o release_v of_o his_o right_n this_o will_v bind_v the_o heir_n in_o tail_n for_o that_o by_o this_o release_n his_o estate_n which_o before_o be_v defeisable_v be_v now_o confirm_v as_o by_o the_o book_n of_o 44_o ed._n 3._o 22._o and_o 20_o ed._n 4._o 13._o 3._o 44_o ed._n 3._o 20_o ed._n 4._o 46_o ed._n 3._o appear_v and_o so_o in_o 46_o ed._n 3._o a_o gift_n in_o tail_n be_v make_v ita_fw-la quod_fw-la the_o donee_n may_v alien_n to_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o heir_n in_o tail_n and_o and_o this_o by_o judge_n welbey_n be_v hold_v a_o condition_n which_o bind_v the_o heir_n in_o tail_n for_o his_o benefit_n and_o in_o 12._o ed._n 4._o 1._o tregouse_n and_o taltarm_n case_n be_v that_o a_o recovery_n against_o tenant_n 4._o 12_o ed._n 4._o in_o tail_n with_o a_o voucher_n by_o he_o over_o do_v bind_v the_o heir_n in_o tail_n by_o the_o common_a law_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o intend_a recompense_n which_o be_v to_o come_v to_o he_o by_o the_o voucher_n and_o so_o a_o lineal_a warranty_n with_o asset_n and_o a_o collateral_a warranty_n without_o asset_n be_v and_o be_v both_o of_o they_o bar_n to_o the_o issue_n by_o reason_n also_o of_o the_o intend_a recompense_n and_o these_o be_v thing_n which_o be_v original_o tie_v to_o those_o estate_n and_o be_v incident_n to_o they_o ab_fw-la initio_fw-la and_o therefore_o this_o shall_v suffice_v to_o treat_v of_o bar_n to_o the_o issue_n in_o tail_n by_o the_o common_a law_n and_o now_o i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o show_v in_o what_o case_n they_o be_v bar_v of_o their_o estate_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o this_o realm_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o 16_o r._n 2._o cap._n 5._o the_o land_n and_o tenement_n 2._o 16_o r._n 2._o of_o one_o attaint_n in_o a_o praemunire_n be_v to_o be_v forfeit_v to_o the_o king_n and_o in_o 21_o eliz._n one_o trudgin_n be_v tenant_n in_o tail_n el._n 11_o el._n and_o be_v attaint_v in_o a_o praemunire_n and_o the_o question_n be_v whether_o entail_v land_n be_v forfeit_v against_o the_o issue_n in_o tail_n or_o not_o and_o in_o doctor_n forster_n case_n in_o cook_n 11_o report_n rep._n c._n 11_o rep._n it_o be_v there_o say_v to_o be_v resolve_v that_o the_o general_a word_n of_o that_o statute_n do_v not_o repeal_v the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n 2._o of_o entail_v and_o so_o the_o forfeiture_n be_v there_o resolve_v to_o continue_v but_o for_o the_o life_n of_o trudgin_n and_o do_v not_o bind_v the_o issue_n in_o tail_n a_o judgement_n in_o debt_n against_o tenant_n in_o tail_n or_o if_o he_o be_v bind_v in_o a_o statute_n or_o in_o a_o recognizance_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o statute_n the_o land_n entail_v be_v not_o extendable_a nor_o to_o be_v hold_v in_o extent_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n 2._o acton_n burnel_n or_o by_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr mercatoribus_fw-la by_o any_o of_o the_o general_a word_n of_o these_o law_n but_o the_o statute_n of_o 33_o h._n 8._o cap._n 39_o by_o express_a word_n bind_v the_o heir_n in_o tail_n for_o their_o land_n 8._o 23_o h._n 8._o who_o ancestor_n stand_v indebt_v to_o the_o king_n by_o judgement_n recognizance_n obligation_n or_o other_o specialty_n but_o the_o statute_n of_o 26_o h._n 8._o cap._n 13._o enact_n that_o every_o 8._o 26_o h._n 8._o one_o which_o shall_v be_v
or_o grant_v to_o he_o as_o king_n but_o by_o record_n and_o in_o the_o same_o degree_n be_v a_o county_n palatine_n in_o his_o county_n because_o he_o have_v there_o jura_n regalis_fw-la and_o this_o livery_n and_o seisin_n may_v be_v actual_o and_o real_o do_v and_o perform_v or_o else_o it_o may_v be_v do_v within_o the_o view_n of_o the_o land_n intend_v to_o be_v convey_v and_o as_o touch_v livery_n and_o seisin_n to_o be_v actual_o effect_v if_o the_o feoffment_n contain_v land_n in_o two_o several_a county_n and_o livery_n and_o seisin_n be_v make_v in_o one_o county_n in_o name_n of_o both_o this_o will_v not_o pass_v the_o land_n in_o another_o county_n because_o the_o land_n pass_v by_o the_o livery_n which_o be_v local_a and_o not_o by_o the_o deed._n but_o in_o a_o exchange_n of_o land_n in_o two_o several_a county_n by_o deed_n the_o same_o be_v good_a for_o there_o the_o land_n pass_v by_o the_o deed._n but_o if_o one_o make_v a_o feoffment_n of_o a_o manor_n lie_v in_o demesn_a in_o the_o county_n of_o l._n and_o in_o service_n in_o the_o county_n of_o m._n these_o service_n and_o so_o rent_n will_v pass_v by_o attornment_n of_o the_o tenant_n though_o they_o lie_v in_o a_o foreign_a county_n and_o so_o of_o a_o advowson_n appendant_a and_o such_o like_a because_o those_o rent_n and_o service_n pass_v not_o by_o the_o local_a ceremony_n of_o livery_n and_o seisin_n but_o by_o the_o ceremony_n of_o attornment_n which_o be_v personal_a and_o depend_v upon_o the_o person_n which_o be_v transitory_a wherein_o i_o take_v this_o difference_n that_o if_o a_o feoffment_n be_v make_v of_o a_o manor_n by_o parol_n the_o advowson_n appendant_a villain_n regardant_a and_o rent_n and_o service_n by_o attornment_n of_o tenant_n will_v not_o pass_v to_o the_o feoffee_n till_o the_o demesn_n and_o land_n be_v first_o convey_v but_o if_o the_o feoffment_n be_v by_o deed_n than_o the_o rent_n and_o service_n will_v pass_v by_o attornment_n of_o the_o tenant_n and_o delivery_n of_o the_o deed_n before_o livery_n and_o seisin_n be_v make_v to_o pass_v the_o demesn_n then_o see_v that_o land_n in_o one_o county_n will_v not_o pass_v by_o feoffment_n by_o express_a livery_n make_v in_o a_o other_o county_n if_o then_o the_o same_o may_v be_v pass_v and_o convey_v by_o livery_n within_o the_o view_n be_v the_o question_n of_o our_o case_n and_o in_o my_o opinion_n they_o may_v because_o it_o be_v a_o ceremony_n perform_v by_o the_o eye_n which_o be_v a_o member_n or_o instrument_n which_o have_v his_o operation_n by_o aspect_n tam_fw-la procùl_fw-la quam_fw-la propè_fw-la but_o express_a livery_n and_o seisin_n which_o be_v do_v by_o the_o hand_n can_v in_o reason_n be_v extend_v to_o another_o place_n then_o where_o the_o body_n be_v and_o although_o the_o eye_n be_v fix_v in_o the_o head_n annex_v to_o the_o body_n yet_o like_o the_o sun_n his_o beam_n be_v carry_v afar_o of_o and_o this_o livery_n by_o the_o view_n be_v not_o a_o livery_n in_o the_o county_n where_o the_o body_n be_v but_o proper_o in_o the_o county_n where_o the_o land_n lie_v which_o be_v the_o object_n of_o the_o eye_n and_o in_o this_o case_n it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v livery_n only_o and_o not_o livery_n and_o seisin_n because_o the_o seisin_n be_v proper_o when_o the_o party_n enter_v and_o the_o entry_n of_o the_o party_n be_v that_o which_o perfect_v the_o work_n which_o be_v in_o proprio_fw-la commitatu_fw-la and_o for_o authority_n in_o the_o point_n 28._o ed._n 3._o foe_n 11._o there_o be_v a_o case_n according_a to_o my_o opinion_n where_o the_o husband_n at_o the_o church_n door_n when_o 11._o 18._o e._n 3._o foe_n 11._o he_o be_v to_o take_v one_o to_o wife_n he_o make_v a_o deed_n of_o feoffment_n of_o land_n lie_v in_o another_o county_n to_o the_o say_a woman_n and_o then_o deliver_v the_o deed_n to_o she_o and_o show_v she_o the_o land_n than_o they_o marry_v and_o he_o enter_v in_o claim_v to_o her_o use_n and_o these_o land_n be_v thereby_o well_o convey_v to_o the_o say_a woman_n by_o this_o livery_n within_o the_o view_n in_o another_o county_n now_o it_o be_v fit_a to_o be_v declare_v what_o view_n be_v sufficient_a for_o there_o be_v two_o manner_n of_o view_n the_o one_o general_n the_o other_o special_a in_o the_o special_a view_n every_o particular_a piece_n of_o ground_n be_v to_o be_v see_v but_o in_o the_o general_a view_n it_o suffice_v to_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o ground_n by_o the_o place_n they_o lie_v in_o and_o in_o my_o opinion_n the_o general_a view_n in_o my_o case_n will_v suffice_v for_o if_o one_o make_v a_o feoffment_n in_o fee_n of_o a_o whole_a island_n or_o of_o a_o whole_a manor_n or_o town_n and_o make_v livery_n thereof_o within_o the_o view_n this_o be_v good_a and_o yet_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a to_o view_v every_o particular_a piece_n of_o ground_n at_o once_o for_o tree_n house_n and_o hill_n may_v so_o be_v interpose_v that_o the_o view_n can_v not_o be_v take_v of_o some_o part_n thereof_o yet_o notwithstanding_o view_v of_o the_o rest_n will_v pass_v also_o if_o land_n be_v cover_v with_o water_n ice_n or_o snow_n these_o will_v pass_v well_o in_o a_o feoffment_n or_o livery_n in_o the_o view_n in_o brook_n title_n view_v plac_n 101._o the_o case_n there_o may_v give_v 101._o brook_z 101._o the_o rule_n to_o our_o case_n for_o there_o it_o be_v say_v in_o a_o writ_n of_o view_n it_o be_v not_o necessary_a that_o all_o particular_n in_o specie_fw-la shall_v be_v put_v in_o view_n but_o to_o see_v the_o field_n where_o the_o ground_n lie_v promiscuous_o it_o will_v suffice_v and_o be_v a_o good_a and_o perfect_a view_n sed_fw-la est_fw-la un_fw-fr auter_n diversity_n concernant_fw-la view_v carsi_n un_fw-fr fait_fw-fr feoffment_n de_fw-fr b._n acre_n que_fw-fr gist_n del_fw-it auter_n part_n dam_n mountain_n tout_fw-fr horse_n del_o view_v la_o liverey_n de_fw-fr ceo_fw-la nest_n bone_n sans_o express_v view_v tamen_fw-la tout_fw-fr voile_n passer_n per_n view_v de_fw-fr part_n &_o sic_fw-la in_o mon_fw-fr case_n on_o part_n '_o gist_n south_n le_fw-fr flood_n deal_v mere_a ceo_fw-la non_fw-la obstant_fw-la pass_v ut_fw-la parcel_n del_fw-it manor_n ascun_n aver_v teneus_fw-la &_o ceo_fw-la knightley_n pour_fw-fr un_fw-fr in_o 28._o h._n 8._o in_o 8._o 28._o h._n 8._o dier_n que_fw-fr livercy_fw-fr dein_n le_fw-fr view_v doit_fw-fr tout_fw-fr foit_n este_fw-la fait_fw-fr in_fw-la case_n the_o necessity_n ceo_fw-la urge_v in_o respect_n deal_v choose_v ou_fw-fr del_o person_n deal_v choose_v quia_fw-la leterre_fw-fr gist_n del_fw-it further_a side_n dun_a grand_a ewe_n ou_fw-fr in_o le_fw-fr ewe_n ou_fw-fr ne_fw-fr pvit_fw-fr host_n facile_a access_n del_fw-it person_n quia_fw-la que_fw-fr le_fw-fr feoffor_n ou_fw-fr feoffee_n soit_fw-fr lame_a ou_fw-fr infirm_a &_o detraher_o ceo_fw-la in_o question_n jeo_n aye_o miss_v mon_fw-fr case_n quia_fw-la le_fw-fr feoffment_n &_o liverey_n fuit_fw-la ad_fw-la plenitudinem_fw-la maris_fw-la tamen_fw-la jeo_n sue_v the_o opinion_n que_fw-fr liverey_n dein_n le_fw-fr view_v pvit_fw-fr este_fw-la fait_fw-fr sans_fw-fr ascun_fw-fr matter_n de_fw-fr necessity_n ceo_fw-la urge_v &_o ceo_fw-la jeo_n collect_v per_fw-mi le_fw-fr liver_n the_o 42._o ed._n 3._o fitz._n feoffment_n 54._o when_o the_o son_n do_v give_v back_o the_o land_n to_o his_o father_n as_o free_o as_o his_o father_n have_v 3._o 42._o ed._n 3._o former_o give_v the_o same_o to_o he_o and_o this_o be_v within_o the_o view_n and_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o either_o this_o livery_n or_o the_o other_o make_v to_o the_o say_a woman_n in_o 28._o ed._n 3._o be_v make_v of_o any_o necessity_n urge_v the_o same_o and_o there_o be_v some_o person_n which_o can_v neither_o give_v nor_o take_v by_o livery_n within_o the_o view_n and_o that_o be_v where_o the_o feoffor_a or_o feoffee_n be_v blind_a so_o a_o major_a and_o commonalty_n dean_n and_o chapter_n or_o other_o corporate_a and_o politic_a capacity_n can_v give_v or_o take_v within_o the_o view_n some_o have_v hold_v a_o difference_n that_o a_o parson_n of_o a_o church_n may_v not_o take_v by_o livery_n within_o the_o view_n to_o he_o and_o his_o successor_n because_o that_o come_v to_o he_o in_o his_o politic_a capacity_n which_o have_v no_o eye_n but_o if_o he_o be_v seize_v in_o the_o right_n of_o his_o church_n that_o he_o may_v infeoff_v i._o s._n thereof_o by_o livery_n within_o the_o view_n because_o this_o be_v a_o wrong_n to_o the_o church_n and_o therefore_o conceit_n a_o conceit_n be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o his_o natural_a capacity_n which_o have_v eye_n but_o the_o main_a point_n in_o my_o case_n be_v whether_o livery_n within_o the_o view_n may_v be_v give_v and_o take_v by_o attorney_n and_o whether_o the_o view_n be_v so_o incident_a to_o the_o person_n that_o it_o
or_o custom_n can_v fetch_v land_n further_o than_o the_o low_a water-mark_a ground_n leave_v but_o now_o what_o ground_n shall_v be_v say_v a_o leave_v by_o the_o sea_n be_v a_o point_n in_o my_o case_n also_o for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o at_o springtide_n the_o sea_n use_v to_o overflow_v the_o marsh_n in_o lincolnshire_n and_o norfolk_n and_o return_v within_o a_o short_a space_n again_o these_o be_v usual_a and_o annual_a be_v not_o account_v ground_n leave_v or_o gain_v from_o the_o sea_n so_o because_o the_o marsh_n in_o lincolnshire_n and_o the_o sand_n in_o lincolnshire_n be_v overflow_v every_o twelve_o hour_n and_o then_o dry_a again_o be_v not_o account_v ground_n leave_v or_o gain_v from_o the_o sea_n because_o the_o sea_n have_v daily_o her_o recourse_n thereon_o and_o therefore_o in_o 15_o and_o 16_o eliz._n in_o dier_n foe_n 326._o 326._o 15._o eliz._n dyer_n 326._o in_o the_o case_n there_o be_v a_o quantity_n of_o ground_n be_v leave_v by_o the_o sea_n and_o whether_o the_o king_n or_o he_o who_o ground_n be_v adjoin_v shall_v have_v they_o be_v there_o make_v a_o question_n but_o in_o that_o case_n there_o be_v a_o excellent_a precedent_n set_v down_o very_o apt_a for_o the_o handle_n of_o this_o point_n put_v in_o 43_o e._n 3._o contra_fw-la 3._o 43._o e._n 3._o abbot'de_fw-mi ramsey_n de_fw-fr quodam_fw-la processu_fw-la in_o scacario_fw-la facto_fw-la versus_fw-la dict'_fw-it abbot_n ad_fw-la ostendendum_fw-la quare_fw-la sexagint_n '_o acrae_fw-la marisci_fw-la in_o manus_fw-la dom_n '_o regis_fw-la non_fw-la debent_fw-la sesiri_fw-la quas_fw-la predict_v '_o abbess_n appropriavit_fw-la sibi_fw-la &_o domui_fw-la suae_fw-la sine_fw-la licentia_fw-la regis_fw-la super_fw-la quandam_fw-la presentation_n virtute_fw-la cujusdam_fw-la generalis_fw-la commission_n '_o de_fw-fr terris_fw-la à _fw-la rege_fw-la detentis_fw-la &_o concelatis_fw-la abbas_n respondit_fw-la quod_fw-la ipse_fw-la tenet_fw-la manner_n '_o de_fw-fr braunce_v quod_fw-la scituatum_fw-la est_fw-la juxta_fw-la mare_fw-la et_fw-la quod_fw-la est_fw-la ibid._n quidam_fw-la mariscus_fw-la qui_fw-la aliquando_fw-la per_fw-la fluxum_fw-la maris_fw-la minoratur_fw-la &_o aliquando_fw-la per_fw-la de_fw-la fluxum_fw-la maris_fw-la augetur_fw-la absque_fw-la hoc_fw-la quod_fw-la appropriavit_fw-la sibi_fw-la prout_fw-la per_fw-la presentation_n '_o predic_n '_o supponebatur_fw-la and_o the_o attorney_n of_o the_o king_n maintain_v the_o contrary_a and_o thereupon_o the_o king_n and_o the_o abbot_n be_v at_o a_o issue_n so_o by_o the_o case_n i_o gather_v these_o matter_n first_o that_o if_o by_o little_a the_o sea_n sometime_o decrease_v and_o leave_v some_o parcel_n to_o the_o land_n and_o some_o other_o time_n run_v over_o the_o same_o again_o this_o ground_n belong_v not_o to_o the_o king_n for_o these_o be_v ground_n whereto_o the_o subject_n may_v have_v a_o property_n as_o in_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o shore_n but_o otherwise_o it_o be_v where_o great_a quantity_n of_o ground_n which_o have_v always_o be_v drown_v before_o be_v leave_v that_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n also_o by_o this_o precedent_n the_o law_n be_v take_v to_o be_v that_o these_o ground_n leave_v by_o the_o sea_n to_o the_o land_n be_v in_o the_o county_n of_o norfolk_n whereto_o they_o do_v adjoyn_v and_o in_o my_o opinion_n within_o that_o parish_n whereto_o they_o lie_v for_o there_o be_v a_o presentment_n which_o be_v by_o a_o jury_n of_o nofolk_n and_o the_o jury_n take_v to_o try_v a_o issue_n must_v be_v de_fw-la viceneto_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la commitatus_fw-la but_o note_v there_o the_o presentment_n be_v by_o a_o jury_n de_fw-fr corpore_fw-la commitatus_fw-la in_o 22._o lib._n assis_n pl._n 93._o the_o case_n be_v that_o 93._o 22._o lib._n ass_n pl._n 93._o a_o river_n of_o water_n do_v run_v between_o two_o lordship_n and_o the_o soil_n of_o one_o side_n together_o with_o the_o river_n of_o water_n do_v whole_o belong_v to_o one_o of_o the_o say_a lordship_n and_o the_o river_n by_o little_a and_o little_o do_v gather_v upon_o the_o soil_n of_o the_o other_o lord_n but_o so_o slow_o that_o if_o one_o have_v fix_v his_o eye_n a_o whole_a day_n thereon_o together_o it_o can_v not_o be_v perceive_v by_o this_o petty_a and_o unperceivable_a increase_n the_o increasement_n be_v get_v to_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o river_n but_o if_o the_o river_n by_o a_o sudden_a and_o unusual_a flood_n have_v gain_v hasty_o a_o great_a parcel_n of_o the_o other_o lord_n ground_n he_o shall_v not_o thereby_o have_v lose_v the_o same_o and_o so_o of_o petty_a and_o unperceivable_a increasement_n from_o the_o sea_n the_o king_n gain_v no_o property_n for_o de_fw-fr minimis_fw-la non_fw-la curate_n rex_fw-la but_o put_v the_o case_n the_o sea_n overflow_v a_o field_n where_o divers_a man_n gound_n lie_v promiscuous_o and_o there_o continue_v so_o long_o that_o the_o same_o be_v account_v parcel_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o then_o after_o many_o year_n the_o sea_n go_v back_o and_o leave_v the_o same_o but_o the_o ground_n be_v so_o deface_v as_o the_o bound_n thereof_o be_v clean_o extinct_a and_o grow_v out_o of_o knowledge_n it_o may_v be_v the_o king_n shall_v have_v those_o ground_n yet_o in_o history_n i_o find_v that_o nilus_n every_o year_n so_o overflow_v the_o ground_n adjoin_v that_o their_o bound_n be_v deface_v thereby_o yet_o they_o be_v able_a to_o set_v they_o out_o by_o the_o art_n of_o geometry_n these_o ground_n in_o my_o case_n which_o be_v leave_v by_o the_o sea_n and_o chester_n the_o prince_n count_v palatine_n of_o chester_n lie_v from_o the_o haven_n next_o to_o the_o shore_n be_v as_o i_o have_v former_o deliver_v it_o within_o the_o county_n palatine_n of_o chester_n and_o therefore_o whether_o the_o prince_n or_o the_o king_n shall_v have_v they_o be_v now_o my_o question_n the_o prince_n have_v not_o only_a jura_n regalia_z but_o also_o escheta_n regalia_z within_o his_o say_a palatinate_n and_o so_o in_o my_o opinion_n be_v not_o only_a owner_n of_o the_o county_n but_o lord_n of_o the_o prerogative_n there_o and_o all_o jurisdiction_n be_v to_o the_o prince_n only_o a_o writ_n of_o error_n lie_v in_o the_o king_n bench_n of_o a_o judgement_n there_o like_o a_o appeal_n to_o caesar_n than_o he_o be_v lord_n of_o those_o law_n by_o which_o the_o freehold_a and_o inheritance_n of_o those_o land_n be_v rule_v wherefore_o then_o shall_v not_o these_o land_n belong_v to_o his_o grace_n and_o first_o it_o be_v usual_a to_o have_v a_o commission_n direct_v to_o inquire_v of_o these_o land_n ut_fw-mi de_fw-mi terris_fw-la concelatis_fw-la and_o this_o inquiry_n shall_v be_v by_o commission_n if_o that_o commission_n be_v to_o issue_n out_o of_o the_o county_n palatine_n of_o chester_n than_o the_o land_n will_v questionless_a fall_n to_o the_o prince_n and_o the_o inquiry_n to_o be_v make_v of_o the_o freeholder_n of_o the_o say_a county_n palatine_n the_o case_n put_v in_o barkleys_n case_n in_o the_o comment_n of_o mr._n plowden_n foe_n 129._o do_v force_n much_o against_o the_o prince_n title_n for_o there_o it_o be_v put_v that_o the_o bishop_n of_o durham_n have_v liberties_n and_o privilege_n in_o terris_fw-la suis_fw-la inter_fw-la fluvios_fw-la de_fw-la tyne_n de_fw-fr tese_n and_o afterward_o purchase_v more_o land_n between_o these_o two_o river_n the_o say_a liberty_n and_o privilege_n shall_v not_o extend_v thereto_o and_o so_o if_o one_o have_v a_o warren_n in_o his_o land_n in_o dayle_n and_o he_o purchase_v other_o land_n there_o his_o warren_n can_v be_v extend_v upon_o these_o new_a purchase_a land_n for_o say_v the_o book_n thing_n or_o privilege_n confine_v to_o certain_a precinct_n or_o dominion_n can_v be_v extend_v further_o though_o the_o dominion_n be_v enlarge_v and_o that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v enlarge_v with_o the_o enlargement_n but_o the_o county_n palatine_n vest_v in_o the_o prince_n be_v prescribe_v within_o no_o other_o bound_n then_o the_o word_n county_n do_v confine_v it_o and_o therefore_o this_o fall_v to_o be_v within_o the_o county_n shall_v be_v proper_o he_o and_o as_o i_o be_o imform_v the_o prince_n have_v special_a word_n therefore_o in_o his_o charter_n if_o it_o be_v grant_v that_o these_o ground_n can_v be_v claim_v by_o charter_n but_o i_o be_o clear_a of_o opinion_n that_o no_o increase_n of_o the_o new_a leave_v ground_n can_v possible_o become_v within_o the_o county_n of_o the_o city_n of_o chester_n for_o the_o bound_n thereof_o can_v extend_v over_o that_o circle_n which_o their_o charter_n have_v confine_v they_o to_o and_o so_o for_o the_o cause_n and_o reason_n former_o declare_v i_o take_v it_o that_o the_o say_a island_n be_v the_o king_n the_o ground_n leave_v between_o the_o haven_n and_o the_o ancient_a shore_n belong_v to_o the_o prince_n as_o earl_n of_o chester_n and_o the_o shore_n because_o of_o the_o say_a prescription_n appertain_v to_o c._n the_o subject_a as_o parcel_n of_o the_o say_a manor_n and_o so_o
in_o their_o convocation_n house_n a_o council_n mere_o consist_v of_o the_o clergy_n and_o then_o be_v confirm_v in_o parliament_n of_o which_o house_n also_o they_o be_v a_o member_n and_o therefore_o in_o my_o opinion_n see_v tithe_n be_v so_o sacred_a a_o duty_n that_o a_o layman_n can_v not_o have_v any_o help_n for_o at_o the_o common_a law_n and_o be_v exempt_a from_o temporal_a and_o profane_a use_n i_o be_o therefore_o of_o opinion_n that_o they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v rate_v or_o tax_v by_o the_o general_a word_n of_o these_o law_n yet_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o tithe_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o temporal_a or_o layman_n be_v to_o be_v rate_v by_o these_o law_n for_o when_o they_o be_v come_v into_o his_o hand_n tunc_fw-la res_fw-la spirituales_fw-la fiunt_fw-la temporales_fw-la &_o transeunt_fw-la decimae_fw-la in_o catalla_fw-la but_o i_o must_v here_o leave_v these_o ecclesiastical_a person_n and_o their_o church_n living_n there_o be_v another_o point_n of_o this_o law_n will_v reach_v unto_o some_o of_o their_o possession_n as_o to_o their_o gleab_n land_n which_o belong_v to_o their_o church_n and_o their_o meadow_n and_o pasture_n ground_n for_o these_o be_v not_o sacred_a as_o tithe_n be_v but_o come_v to_o they_o by_o the_o benevolent_a gift_n of_o layman_n and_o not_o ex_fw-la duo_fw-la dei_fw-la &_o evangelii_n as_o tithe_n do_v and_o so_o they_o take_v that_o burden_n with_o they_o from_o the_o lay-donor_n which_o after_o may_v be_v impose_v upon_o they_o and_o therefore_o such_o parson_n vicar_n or_o other_o spiritual_a person_n which_o hold_v a_o plough_n land_n in_o culture_n be_v chargeable_a by_o the_o statute_n of_o 2_o mar._n towards_o the_o repair_n of_o the_o highway_n as_o other_o lay_v man_n be_v but_o in_o that_o statute_n there_o be_v ecclesiastical_a officer_n use_v as_o churchwarden_n whereby_o it_o be_v conceive_v that_o that_o statute_n have_v a_o eye_n to_o bring_v ecclesiastical_a person_n within_o the_o reach_n of_o it_o and_o so_o for_o their_o house_n and_o ground_n i_o take_v they_o to_o be_v within_o these_o law_n of_o the_o sewer_n for_o the_o own_o land_n be_v also_o chargeable_a thereunto_o and_o yet_o on_o earth_n within_o his_o dominion_n he_o be_v say_v to_o be_v caput_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la and_o as_o much_o reason_n be_v it_o to_o exempt_v his_o possession_n as_o theris_fw-la if_o the_o respect_n of_o the_o person_n shall_v bear_v any_o such_o sway_n in_o the_o case_n also_o i_o do_v find_v by_o divers_a ancient_a record_n that_o abbey_n priory_n and_o other_o spiritual_a possession_n have_v be_v chargeable_a to_o the_o repair_n of_o bridge_n calceys_n banks_n and_o highway_n by_o custom_n and_o prescription_n as_o appear_v also_o by_o the_o book_n of_o 11_o h._n 4._o fol._n 82_o 83._o and_o 44_o ed._n 3._o fitz._n 3._o 11_o h_n 4._o 44._o e._n 3._o title_n bar._n pl._n 301._o and_o i_o take_v it_o that_o by_o a_o very_o express_v and_o special_a custom_n or_o prescription_n a_o portion_n of_o tithe_n in_o a_o clergy_n man_n hand_n may_v be_v charge_v with_o the_o the_o repair_v of_o bridge_n way_n wall_n or_o sea_n banks_n but_o not_o without_o a_o direct_a affirmative_a custom_n for_o i_o suppose_v that_o they_o may_v as_o well_o endure_v a_o charge_n in_o this_o kind_n as_o a_o charge_n in_o a_o modus_fw-la decimandi_fw-la and_o so_o i_o conclude_v this_o part_n of_o the_o case_n that_o the_o person_n be_v not_o to_o be_v sess_v for_o his_o tithe_n by_o the_o general_a word_n of_o of_o this_o law_n a_o copyholder_n here_o be_v also_o a_o copyholder_n tax_v within_o my_o case_n for_o his_o copyhold_n land_n and_o whether_o he_o for_o his_o copyhold_n and_o the_o lord_n for_o the_o freehold_a of_o that_o soil_n shall_v be_v assess_v therefore_o be_v another_o question_n a_o copyhold_n by_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n yield_v and_o afford_v to_o the_o lord_n seignory_n rent_n fines_n due_a upon_o admittance_n and_o such_o like_a duty_n but_o the_o copyholder_n have_v the_o real_a and_o visible_a profit_n of_o the_o soil_n &_o therefore_o both_o lord_n &_o copyholder_n receive_v et_fw-la commodum_fw-la &_o salvationem_fw-la by_o the_o say_a defence_n and_o therefore_o the_o word_n of_o this_o law_n be_v exceed_o copious_a and_o full_a in_o this_o point_n of_o sesse_v viz._n to_o inquire_v who_o have_v and_o hold_v any_o land_n or_o tenement_n or_o common_a of_o pasture_n or_o fish_v or_o have_v or_o may_v have_v any_o hurt_n or_o damage_n or_o loss_n by_o any_o mean_n in_o or_o near_o the_o say_a place_n and_o in_o this_o case_n the_o lord_n hold_v the_o say_a land_n in_o tenure_n though_o not_o in_o culture_n and_o many_o way_n may_v have_v hurt_v and_o damage_n as_o if_o the_o copyhold_n be_v overflow_v by_o the_o sea_n the_o lord_n shall_v lose_v his_o freehold_n of_o the_o soil_n his_o seignory_n yearly_a rent_n and_o fine_n for_o admittance_n and_o all_o other_o perquesites_n so_o that_o the_o say_v word_n of_o this_o stature_n beat_v main_o upon_o he_o but_o as_o there_o be_v reason_n to_o be_v urge_v against_o he_o so_o there_o be_v matter_n to_o exempt_v he_o from_o this_o charge_n and_o to_o lay_v the_o burden_n on_o the_o copyholder_n first_o though_o he_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o copyhold_n yet_o he_o be_v seize_v of_o the_o freehold_a thereof_o but_o in_o imagination_n and_o construction_n of_o the_o law_n for_o the_o copyholder_n be_v pernor_n and_o taker_n of_o the_o visible_a and_o substantial_a profit_n second_o the_o charge_n of_o repair_n respect_v the_o possessioner_n in_o presenti_fw-la which_o be_v easy_a to_o be_v find_v out_o and_o not_o imaginary_a owner_n as_o the_o lord_n be_v and_o three_o if_o the_o lord_n &_o owner_n shall_v both_o be_v charge_v pro_fw-la una_fw-la eademque_fw-la re_fw-la which_o the_o law_n do_v never_o permit_v for_o this_o be_v not_o like_o the_o case_n of_o lord_n and_o commoner_n they_o there_o shall_v be_v charge_v the_o one_o for_o his_o soil_n and_o the_o other_o for_o his_o common_a for_o in_o this_o case_n the_o lord_n be_v the_o immediate_a proprietor_n of_o the_o soil_n and_o he_o have_v the_o present_a and_o real_a occupation_n thereof_o as_o well_o as_o the_o commoner_n have_v the_o use_n of_o his_o common_a and_o therefore_o they_o shall_v both_o be_v tax_v to_o these_o repair_v diversis_fw-la tamen_fw-la respectis_fw-la but_o for_o the_o copyholder_n it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o he_o be_v not_o within_o this_o statute_n for_o in_o heidons_n case_n in_o sir_n edward_n case_n hcidons_n case_n cook_n 3_o report_n it_o be_v true_o say_v that_o a_o copyholder_n be_v not_o within_o the_o law_n and_o statute_n which_o alter_v the_o service_n tenure_n interest_n of_o the_o land_n or_o other_o thing_n in_o prejudice_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o this_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o a_o copyholder_n land_n can_v be_v extend_v or_o put_v in_o execution_n upon_o the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n the_o second_o nor_o in_o extent_n upon_o the_o statute_n of_o acton_n burnel_n and_o de_fw-fr mercatoribus_fw-la for_o if_o they_o shall_v then_o may_v the_o sheriff_n make_v the_o lord_n new_a tenant_n without_o surrender_n and_o admittance_n which_o be_v contrary_a to_o custom_n the_o life_n and_o essence_n of_o all_o copyhold_n yet_o there_o be_v another_o good_a rule_n put_v in_o the_o say_a case_n of_o heidon_n that_o be_v that_o where_o a_o statute_n be_v make_v for_o the_o general_a good_a and_o wealth_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o that_o no_o prejudice_n can_v come_v to_o the_o lord_n by_o alteration_n of_o tenure_n service_n estate_n or_o custom_n there_o copyhold_n may_v well_o be_v within_o those_o statute_n therefore_o now_o it_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v whether_o this_o statute_n of_o sewer_n will_v in_o any_o sort_n hurt_n or_o prejudice_v the_o lord_n or_o no_o for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o these_o law_n tend_v as_o much_o to_o the_o wealth_n and_o welfare_n of_o this_o realm_n as_o any_o can_v do_v and_o in_o rate_v and_o assess_v these_o copyhold_n to_o the_o repair_v of_o bank_n wall_n and_o sewer_n etc._n etc._n it_o alter_v neither_o the_o copyholder_n interest_n nor_o the_o lord_n tenure_n nor_o do_v it_o in_o any_o sort_n prejudice_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n but_o than_o it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o if_o sesse_v be_v impose_v upon_o a_o copyholder_n for_o his_o land_n and_o be_v not_o pay_v these_o law_n give_v sale_n of_o land_n which_o indeed_o be_v the_o only_a clause_n of_o this_o statute_n which_o be_v material_a to_o exempt_v a_o copyholder_n out_o of_o these_o law_n for_o clear_o i_o take_v it_o that_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v no_o power_n to_o decree_v the_o copyhold_n land_n away_o for_o nonpayment_n of_o the_o sesse_v yet_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o a_o copyholder_n though_o he_o be_v not_o within_o
that_o part_n of_o the_o statute_n which_o give_v sale_n of_o land_n yet_o he_o be_v within_o the_o other_o part_n thereof_o for_o divers_a reason_n one_o i_o find_v by_o experience_n and_o in_o divers_a precedent_n that_o many_o copyhold_n have_v be_v and_o be_v charge_v with_o repair_n of_o bridge_n and_o other_o defence_n in_o divers_a part_n of_o this_o realm_n by_o custom_n also_o if_o a_o lord_n grant_v a_o copyhold_n to_o i.s._n and_o his_o heir_n by_o copy_n tenendum_fw-la by_o the_o repair_v of_o such_o a_o wall_n bank_n or_o bridge_n this_o bind_v this_o copyhold_n thereto_o in_o point_n of_o charge_n and_o last_o this_o statute_n bind_v such_o to_o the_o repair_v which_o may_v have_v good_a by_o the_o do_n or_o hurt_v by_o the_o neglect_n and_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o by_o over_o flow_v or_o inundation_n a_o copy-holders_n land_n sustain_v equal_a damage_n with_o other_o land_n and_o for_o these_o reason_n i_o resolve_v that_o a_o copyhold_n be_v within_o these_o law_n and_o short_o touch_v copyhold_n i_o do_v confine_v they_o to_o these_o four_o head_n my_o four_o tenant_n concern_v copyhold_n first_o a_o copyhold_n be_v sessable_a towards_o these_o repair_n for_o his_o copyhold_n second_o that_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o copyhold_n be_v not_o to_o be_v tax_v for_o the_o soil_n of_o the_o copyhold_n for_o although_o he_o may_v come_v to_o it_o by_o forfeiture_n commit_v yet_o that_o be_v a_o foreign_a possibility_n and_o although_o he_o be_v seize_v in_o law_n of_o the_o freehold_a yet_o because_o the_o issue_n and_o profit_n go_v with_o the_o copyholder_n this_o law_n therefore_o will_v not_o charge_v he_o for_o the_o soil_n three_o in_o respect_n the_o copyhold_n rend_v be_v a_o rent_n of_o assize_n and_o rent_n be_v within_o the_o express_a letter_n of_o this_o statute_n and_o because_o his_o rent_n by_o the_o overflow_a of_o the_o sea_n be_v lose_v therefore_o the_o lord_n shall_v be_v assess_v for_o it_o if_o it_o be_v of_o value_n four_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o a_o copyhold_n may_v not_o be_v sell_v by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n and_o yet_o copy-holders_n be_n within_o other_o part_n of_o this_o law_n now_o because_o it_o be_v a_o high_a point_n in_o this_o statute_n in_o what_o manner_n to_o rate_n tax_v and_o assess_v by_o the_o judicious_a power_n of_o these_o law_n and_o in_o regard_v my_o case_n touch_v all_o manner_n of_o sess_v and_o rate_n which_o be_v or_o may_v be_v impose_v by_o these_o law_n i_o will_v therefore_o spread_v it_o abroad_o and_o i_o do_v intend_v to_o treat_v of_o what_o land_n and_o other_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v assess_v towards_o the_o repair_n in_o my_o case_n and_o what_o person_n to_o be_v assess_v and_o in_o what_o degree_n wherein_o first_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o one_o be_v not_o to_o be_v assess_v for_o his_o high_a and_o descend_a ground_n for_o so_o it_o appear_v register_n register_n be_v the_o opinion_n of_o brudnel_n in_o the_o 12_o h._n 8._o fol._n 3._o where_o he_o say_v that_o if_o a_o man_n ground_n be_v surround_v with_o water_n he_o may_v make_v a_o trench_n in_o his_o own_o ground_n to_o let_v the_o water_n run_v downward_o and_o to_o descend_v upon_o his_o neighbour_n ground_n for_o water_n be_v a_o element_n descendable_a jure_fw-la naturae_fw-la and_o also_o high_a descend_v ground_n can_v have_v no_o such_o use_n of_o wall_n and_o bank_n as_o other_o ground_n situate_a lower_v may_v have_v for_o the_o water_n can_v have_v no_o force_n against_o they_o and_o therefore_o the_o owner_n be_v not_o chargeable_a therefore_o and_o the_o word_n of_o the_o commission_n express_v in_o the_o register_n be_v qui_fw-la defentionem_fw-la commodum_fw-la &_o salvationem_fw-la per_fw-la predict_v as_o wallias_n guttur_fw-la as_o pontes_fw-la calceta_n &_o gurgite_n habere_fw-la poterint_fw-la nullatènus_fw-la parcantur_fw-la and_o the_o charter_n of_o rumney_n marsh_n seem_v to_o bear_v the_o same_o sense_n viz._n quod_fw-la pro_fw-la securitate_fw-la dicti_fw-la marisci_fw-la districtiones_fw-la fiant_fw-la ita_fw-la quod_fw-la aequè_fw-la fiant_fw-la secundum_fw-la portiones_fw-la majores_fw-la &_o minores_fw-la quas_fw-la homines_fw-la habent_fw-la in_o eodem_fw-la marisco_fw-la but_o high_a ground_n by_o nature_n need_v not_o engine_n of_o art_n to_o defend_v they_o and_o in_o rook_n case_n in_o sir_n case_n rook_n case_n edward_n cook_n 5._o report_n and_o keighleys_n case_n it_o be_v true_o declare_v that_o the_o ground_n lie_v on_o the_o level_n which_o be_v in_o apparent_a danger_n subject_n to_o surrounder_n be_v only_o chargeable_a to_o repair_v by_o this_o law_n but_o yet_o ground_n lie_v on_o high_a mountainous_a place_n may_v be_v by_o custom_n prescription_n or_o tenure_n liable_a and_o stand_v chargeable_a to_o repair_v of_o wall_n bank_n sewer_n goat_n and_o other_o defence_n and_o in_o such_o case_n though_o they_o be_v never_o so_o high_a yet_o these_o law_n will_v reach_v unto_o they_o but_o no_o charge_n be_v to_o be_v impose_v on_o they_o by_o this_o statute_n and_o by_o force_n thereof_o only_o without_o a_o special_a custom_n or_o prescription_n to_o warrant_v the_o same_o annuity_n if_o a_o dean_n and_o chapter_n or_o other_o corporate_a person_n or_o body_n politic_n be_v by_o prescription_n to_o pay_v a_o yearly_a annuity_n to_o i._o s._n and_o his_o heir_n i._n s._n be_v not_o sessable_a for_o his_o annuity_n yet_o the_o say_v corporate_a or_o politic_a person_n pay_v the_o same_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o land_n which_o lie_v in_o danger_n of_o surround_v and_o so_o the_o ground_n be_v subject_a to_o these_o law_n but_o it_o issue_v not_o thereout_o and_o the_o say_v corporate_a and_o politic_a person_n be_v not_o charge_v in_o their_o land_n but_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o land_n to_o pay_v the_o same_o commons_o those_o person_n which_o have_v common_a of_o pischary_n turbary_n or_o of_o pasture_n in_o great_a fen_n marsh_n and_o waste_v may_v be_v charge_v but_o commoner_n in_o agris_fw-la seminatis_fw-la after_o the_o corn_n sever_v as_o stock_n commons_o which_o be_v of_o a_o small_a value_n be_v not_o to_o be_v charge_v for_o their_o commons_o but_o for_o their_o land_n ferry_n he_o which_o have_v a_o ferry_n over_o a_o river_n be_v in_o 37_o lib._n assiz_n pl._n 10._o charge_v to_o repair_v the_o river_n and_o so_o for_o a_o ferry_n one_o may_v be_v charge_v by_o this_o law_n herbage_n he_o which_o have_v the_o vesture_n or_o herbage_n of_o ground_n as_o prima_fw-la tonsura_fw-la vel_fw-la vestura_fw-la terrae_fw-la may_v be_v charge_v to_o the_o repair_v free_a passage_n it_o appear_v likewise_o that_o those_o person_n which_o have_v passage_n for_o their_o boat_n on_o the_o river_n be_v to_o be_v rate_v towards_o the_o repair_n in_o 37_o lib._n assiz_n pl._n 10._o but_o this_o be_v to_o be_v intend_v of_o those_o person_n which_o have_v free_a and_o customary_a passage_n thereon_o as_o a_o liberty_n and_o inheritance_n and_o be_v not_o mean_v nor_o intend_v of_o poor_a boatman_n which_o come_v thereon_o with_o their_o boat_n accidental_o by_o the_o general_a custom_n of_o the_o realm_n park_n warrens_n chase_n a_o man_n for_o his_o park_n of_o dear_a and_o warren_n of_o coney_n shall_v be_v charge_v if_o these_o liberty_n lie_v within_o the_o level_n but_o for_o chase_n i_o suppose_v one_o be_v not_o chargeable_a only_o for_o dear_a which_o be_v ferae_fw-la naturae_fw-la not_z bind_v to_o certain_a precinct_n but_o in_o that_o case_n the_o owner_n be_v only_o to_o be_v tax_v for_o the_o soil_n mart_n fair_a or_o market_n also_o if_o one_o have_v only_o the_o liberty_n of_o a_o mart_n fair_a or_o market_n to_o be_v keep_v in_o a_o place_n which_o be_v subject_a to_o surrounder_v in_o my_o opinion_n because_o they_o be_v but_o casual_a in_o their_o profit_n and_o not_o continual_a in_o their_o be_v although_o they_o be_v conscribe_v to_o place_n and_o circuit_n yet_o be_v no_o part_n of_o the_o soil_n nor_o of_o the_o issue_n and_o profit_n thereof_o they_o be_v not_o taxable_a within_o these_o law_n office_n the_o office_n of_o the_o clerk_n of_o the_o market_n town_n clerk_n or_o such_o like_a although_o these_o officer_n be_v confine_v to_o a_o certain_a place_n and_o precinct_n within_o the_o level_n which_o be_v subject_a to_o surrounder_v be_v notwithstanding_o exempt_a from_o these_o taxation_n proxy_n synod_n he_o which_o have_v proxy_n or_o synod_n of_o annual_a sum_n of_o money_n such_o as_o be_v in_o the_o case_n of_o proxy_n in_o the_o irish_a report_n be_v not_o sessable_a within_o this_o law_n for_o although_o the_o person_n be_v charge_v therefore_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o ground_n yet_o the_o same_o do_v not_o issue_n thereout_o the_o morgager_n for_o the_o title_n he_o have_v by_o the_o condition_n to_o reduce_v the_o land_n back_o again_o to_o he_o or_o he_o which_o have_v
case_n and_o so_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n and_o of_o the_o law_n may_v herein_o be_v satisfy_v now_o i_o hope_v i_o have_v full_o instruct_v the_o commissioner_n wherein_o they_o may_v learn_v who_o to_o imprison_v when_o to_o fine_a and_o how_o to_o amerce_v in_o a_o legal_a and_o orderly_a sort_n and_o according_a to_o the_o ancient_a and_o approve_a rule_n of_o law_n and_o of_o the_o grand_a charter_n for_o in_o those_o thing_n they_o be_v to_o direct_v their_o discretion_n by_o the_o say_a rule_n and_o they_o be_v to_o be_v guide_v thereby_o and_o be_v not_o to_o proceed_v therein_o according_a to_o their_o own_o will_n and_o herein_o i_o shall_v conclude_v the_o second_o point_n of_o this_o part_n of_o the_o law_n that_o be_v that_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v power_n to_o imprison_v to_o fine_a and_o to_o amerce_v and_o that_o b._n for_o refuse_v to_o obey_v their_o order_n be_v just_o imprison_v and_o c._n be_v as_o just_o fine_v and_o for_o the_o reason_n and_o cause_n aforesaid_a the_o commissioner_n in_o their_o discretion_n though_o the_o offence_n of_o both_o be_v alike_o yet_o they_o have_v power_n to_o imprison_v the_o one_o and_o to_o fine_a the_o other_o and_o now_o i_o do_v intend_v to_o proceed_v to_o the_o four_o point_n of_o my_o case_n and_o the_o three_o point_n i_o intend_v to_o handle_v in_o a_o more_o convenient_a place_n distress_n the_o point_n of_o distress_n in_o my_o case_n be_v ground_v upon_o these_o point_n 4_o point_n word_n of_o this_o law_n viz._n and_o all_o those_o person_n and_o every_o of_o they_o to_o tax_v assess_v distrain_v and_o punish_v as_o well_o within_o the_o mete_n limit_n and_o bound_n of_o old_a time_n accustom_v or_o otherwise_o or_o elsewhere_o within_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n three_o sort_n of_o distress_n first_o there_o be_v divers_a kind_n of_o distress_n viz._n judicial_a which_o always_o issue_v out_o of_o the_o roll_n of_o the_o court._n second_o ministerial_a and_o such_o distress_n be_v to_o be_v perform_v by_o the_o officer_n of_o these_o law_n without_o any_o judgement_n direct_v the_o same_o three_o and_o there_o be_v a_o distress_n of_o common_a right_n not_o give_v nor_o award_v by_o judgement_n in_o court_n or_o by_o warrant_n of_o the_o commissioner_n but_o incident_a to_o the_o thing_n itself_o and_o first_o of_o the_o judicial_a distress_n which_o be_v award_v by_o the_o court_n upon_o a_o presentment_n find_v of_o a_o nusans_a or_o in_o the_o recovery_n of_o a_o assize_n of_o nusans_n or_o in_o a_o action_n of_o the_o case_n as_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o 42_o assiz_n plac_fw-la 15._o 32_o ed._n 3._o 23._o and_o 7_o h._n 4._o 8._o there_o a_o distringas_fw-la ad_fw-la amovendum_fw-la shall_v be_v 4._o 32_o ed._n 3._o 7_o h._n 4._o award_v to_o remove_v the_o nusans_a and_o so_o in_o case_n of_o a_o decay_n present_v as_o if_o i._n s._n suffer_v a_o bank_n or_o wall_n to_o decay_v and_o that_o be_v present_v a_o distringas_fw-la ad_fw-la reparandum_fw-la shall_v be_v direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n to_o distrain_v i._o s._n to_o repair_v the_o same_o second_o a_o distress_n ministerial_a be_v where_o one_o be_v assess_v or_o rate_v to_o pay_v a_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n towards_o the_o repair_n of_o a_o wall_n bank_n sewer_n or_o goat_n here_o upon_o warrant_n from_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n the_o officer_n express_v in_o that_o warrant_n may_v distrain_v the_o cattle_n of_o the_o party_n which_o ought_v to_o pay_v the_o say_a rate_n and_o sess_n and_o which_o do_v neglect_v to_o pay_v the_o same_o and_o yet_o where_o there_o be_v a_o rate_n and_o sess_n impose_v upon_o one_o by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o the_o collector_n or_o officer_n may_v distrain_v therefore_o without_o any_o express_a warrant_n from_o the_o commissioner_n so_o to_o do_v and_o my_o reason_n be_v ground_v upon_o the_o statute_n which_o be_v this_o because_o the_o statute_n and_o commission_n which_o be_v the_o general_a law_n do_v of_o themselves_o in_o this_o case_n give_v a_o distress_n and_o therefore_o in_o these_o case_n the_o warrant_n of_o the_o commissioner_n be_v superfluous_a like_a to_o the_o case_n in_o 20_o eliz._n dyer_n eliz._n 20_o eliz._n fol._n 362._o where_o a_o fine_a be_v levy_v of_o land_n to_o the_o intent_n that_o i._o s._n shall_v have_v and_o receive_v a_o yearly_a rent_n thereout_o although_o in_o the_o conveyance_n there_o be_v no_o mention_n make_v that_o the_o party_n may_v distrain_v for_o the_o same_o yet_o in_o that_o book_n it_o be_v mention_v to_o be_v adjudge_v that_o the_o owner_n of_o that_o rent_n may_v distrain_v for_o the_o same_o because_o the_o statute_n of_o 27_o h._n 8._o in_o 8._o 27_o h._n 8._o that_o case_n give_v a_o distress_n upon_o which_o statute_n the_o say_a conveyance_n be_v ground_v so_o if_o their_o be_fw-mi two_o coparcener_n to_o who_o land_n do_v descend_v and_o they_o make_v partition_n and_o for_o more_o equality_n she_o that_o have_v the_o better_a part_n do_v grant_v to_o the_o other_o and_o her_o heir_n a_o yearly_a rent_n out_o of_o her_o land_n but_o limit_n no_o clause_n or_o power_n of_o distress_n she_o to_o who_o this_o yearly_a rent_n be_v grant_v may_v distrain_v therefore_o and_o so_o may_v a_o bailiff_n distrain_v for_o a_o amerciament_n in_o a_o leet_n without_o a_o warrant_n because_o the_o general_a law_n give_v a_o distress_n in_o these_o case_n three_o and_o as_o touch_v a_o distress_n of_o common_a right_n it_o be_v in_o case_n where_o one_o do_v hold_v his_o land_n of_o his_o lord_n as_o of_o his_o manor_n to_o repair_v a_o bank_n wall_n or_o other_o work_n of_o sewer_n the_o lord_n of_o who_o these_o land_n be_v hold_v may_v distrain_v his_o tenant_n of_o common_a right_a to_o compel_v he_o to_o make_v these_o repair_n and_o the_o distress_n give_v in_o the_o say_a case_n of_o the_o coparcener_n and_o in_o the_o say_a case_n of_o amerciament_n in_o a_o court_n of_o leet_n seem_v both_o to_o be_v distress_n of_o common_a right_n and_o that_o the_o law_n be_v that_o a_o distress_n lie_v for_o a_o rate_n lot_n or_o tax_n impose_v by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n it_o be_v manifest_a by_o the_o case_n of_o rook_n in_o cook_n 5_o report_n which_o be_v full_a and_o direct_a authority_n in_o the_o point_n in_o what_o place_n a_o distress_n be_v to_o be_v take_v now_o touch_v the_o place_n where_o these_o distress_n be_v to_o be_v take_v come_v next_o into_o our_o consideration_n wherein_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o matter_n distrain_v for_o and_o the_o power_n from_o whence_o the_o distress_n be_v derive_v be_v to_o be_v consider_v of_o and_o therefore_o if_o a_o lord_n do_v distrain_v his_o tenant_n ratione_fw-la tenurae_fw-la for_o to_o repair_v a_o wall_n bank_n or_o other_o defence_n this_o distress_n must_v be_v take_v on_o the_o ground_n hold_v by_o this_o tenure_n and_o not_o elsewhere_o for_o these_o ground_n be_v chargeable_a therewithal_o as_o the_o opinion_n of_o justice_n sylliard_n be_v 21_o ed._n 4._o fol._n 38._o but_o not_o as_o that_o case_n be_v but_o in_o point_n of_o tenure_n 4._o 21_o ed._n 4._o for_o there_o the_o case_n be_v that_o a_o presentment_n be_v find_v in_o hec_fw-la verba_fw-la videlicet_fw-la juratores_fw-la present_n '_o quod_fw-la est_fw-la communis_fw-la regius_fw-la via_fw-la in_o parochia_fw-la sancti_fw-la martini_n in_o campis_n in_o com'_n middlesex_n inter_fw-la hospitia_fw-la epis_n '_o dunelmensis_n &_o epis_n '_o norwich_n totalitur_fw-la superundat_fw-la '_o aquis_fw-la &_o quod_fw-la tam_fw-la domini_fw-la spirituales_fw-la quam_fw-la temporales_fw-la &_o justiciarii_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la &_o servientes_fw-la ad_fw-la legem_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la legis_fw-la ministri_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la per_fw-la viam_fw-la illam_fw-la versus_fw-la westmonaster_n '_o itinerante_v pro_fw-la legibus_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la ibidem_fw-la ministrandis_fw-la &_o observandis_fw-la sepius_fw-la impediuntur_fw-la per_fw-la quod_fw-la via_fw-la illa_fw-la totalliter_fw-la superinundata_fw-la existit_fw-la excessu_fw-la emanationis_fw-la aquae_fw-la pluvialis_fw-la ibidem_fw-la remanent_fw-la '_o quam_fw-la quidem_fw-la aquam_fw-la episcopus_fw-la norwicensis_fw-la rationae_fw-la tenurae_fw-la suae_fw-la ibidem_fw-la evacuaere_fw-la debuit_fw-la &_o quod_fw-la ipse_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la predecessores_fw-la svi_fw-la ratione_fw-la tenurae_fw-la suae_fw-la ibidem_fw-la evacuaere_fw-la debent_fw-la and_o in_o this_o case_n i_o take_v it_o the_o land_n be_v charge_v not_o as_o in_o respect_n the_o bishop_n of_o norwich_n do_v hold_v the_o same_o of_o some_o lord_n by_o the_o tenure_n to_o repair_v the_o sewer_n to_o avoid_v the_o water_n but_o his_o land_n stand_v charge_v with_o the_o same_o as_o a_o charge_n impose_v thereon_o by_o custom_n or_o prescription_n as_o by_o the_o precedent_n itself_o appear_v for_o if_o the_o bishop_n of_o norwich_n have_v be_v
by_o the_o tenure_n of_o his_o house_n or_o land_n bind_v to_o avoid_v the_o water_n there_o need_v no_o prescription_n to_o have_v be_v allege_v also_o in_o 5_o h._n 7._o fol._n 3._o there_o be_v a_o like_a presentment_n make_v 7._o 5_o h._n 7._o against_o a_o abbot_n quod_fw-la ipse_fw-la &_o predecessores_fw-la svi_fw-la aught_o to_o repair_v a_o gutter_n ratione_fw-la tenurae_fw-la terrar_fw-it '_o suar_fw-mi '_o but_o because_o in_o that_o case_n the_o presentment_n do_v not_o set_v forth_o where_o those_o land_n lay_v which_o be_v charge_v the_o presentment_n for_o that_o cause_n be_v hold_v to_o be_v void_a so_o that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a difference_n between_o a_o tenure_n charge_n and_o a_o charge_n impose_v upon_o land_n by_o prescription_n for_o in_o the_o case_n where_o a_o tenant_n hold_v his_o land_n to_o repair_v a_o bridge_n wall_n or_o bank_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o fee_n the_o lord_n in_o this_o case_n may_v distrain_v the_o tenant_n of_o common_a right_n by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n but_o where_o one_o land_n be_v charge_v by_o prescription_n and_o custom_n there_o be_v no_o remedy_n to_o force_v and_o compel_v the_o tenant_n to_o do_v the_o repair_v but_o by_o presentment_n and_o upon_o a_o presentment_n process_n may_v be_v award_v against_o he_o to_o distrain_v he_o to_o make_v the_o repair_v and_o if_o upon_o a_o presentment_n make_v by_o the_o law_n of_o sewer_n i._n s._n be_v charge_v to_o repair_v a_o sewer_n and_o a_o distringas_fw-la ad_fw-la reparandum_fw-la be_v award_v against_o he_o the_o sheriff_n may_v distrain_v the_o party_n in_o any_o place_n within_o the_o power_n of_o the_o commission_n of_o sewer_n but_o this_o be_v a_o judicial_a distress_n which_o issue_v out_o of_o the_o roll_n the_o justice_n be_v tie_v to_o the_o limit_n and_o bound_n of_o the_o commission_n yet_o in_o 19_o h._n 6._o fol._n 7._o the_o 6._o 19_o h._n 6._o case_n be_v that_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n have_v jurisdiction_n in_o cause_n arise_v only_o on_o the_o sea_n and_o he_o have_v no_o jurisdiction_n or_o power_n to_o meddle_v with_o any_o thing_n do_v upon_o the_o land_n yet_o upon_o a_o presentment_n make_v in_o the_o admiral_n court_v one_o be_v present_v and_o amerce_v and_o a_o distress_n for_o this_o amerciament_n be_v take_v on_o the_o land_n and_o exception_n be_v thereto_o take_v that_o the_o distress_n be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o that_o court_n but_o there_o newton_n chief_a justice_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o justice_n say_v that_o the_o power_n of_o the_o admiral_n to_o hold_v plea_n be_v restrain_v by_o statute_n to_o matter_n arise_v on_o the_o sea_n but_o execution_n be_v not_o so_o and_o i_o have_v further_o observe_v by_o the_o book_n of_o 8._o r._n 2._o fitzher_n 2._o 8._o r._n 2._o avoury_a 253._o that_o where_o no_o place_n be_v certain_o prescribe_v to_o distrain_v in_o that_o in_o such_o a_o case_n the_o distress_n may_v be_v take_v in_o any_o place_n within_o the_o power_n and_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o court_n out_o of_o which_o the_o writ_n or_o warrant_n of_o distress_n do_v issue_n as_o if_o one_o be_v amerce_v in_o a_o court_n leet_n or_o in_o a_o court_n baron_fw-fr he_o may_v be_v distrain_v for_o these_o amerciament_n in_o any_o place_n within_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o these_o court_n and_o for_o a_o amerciament_n set_v and_o impose_v in_o the_o sheriff_n turn_v a_o distress_n may_v be_v take_v for_o it_o in_o any_o place_n of_o the_o county_n for_o so_o far_o the_o power_n of_o that_o court_n do_v extend_v itself_o but_o in_o the_o case_n of_o a_o sess_v rate_n or_o tax_v impose_v by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n a_o distress_n for_o any_o of_o those_o may_v be_v take_v in_o any_o place_n within_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n for_o in_o this_o case_n the_o distress_n be_v mere_o ground_v upon_o the_o statute_n and_o be_v bound_v by_o the_o same_o limit_n which_o be_v as_o large_a as_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o hereupon_o by_o this_o construction_n make_v in_o this_o legal_a manner_n all_o the_o word_n in_o the_o say_a clause_n of_o this_o statute_n have_v their_o full_a operation_n and_o although_o in_o rook_n case_n the_o distress_n be_v there_o take_v on_o the_o ground_n charge_v yet_o that_o do_v not_o prove_v but_o that_o a_o distress_n may_v have_v be_v take_v in_o any_o other_o place_n for_o i_o very_o take_v it_o that_o the_o place_n where_o the_o distress_n be_v take_v in_o that_o case_n be_v not_o intend_v any_o material_a point_n though_o in_o my_o succeed_a argument_n for_o another_o purpose_n i_o shall_v make_v it_o one_o so_o that_o my_o opinion_n touch_v distress_n to_o be_v take_v in_o case_n of_o sewer_n appear_v to_o stand_v upon_o these_o three_o distinction_n first_o that_o the_o lord_n of_o who_o the_o ground_n be_v hold_v to_o make_v the_o repair_v must_v distrain_v on_o the_o the_o ground_n so_o hold_v and_o not_o elsewhere_o second_o that_o upon_o a_o distringas_fw-la ad_fw-la reparandum_fw-la or_o amovendum_fw-la upon_o a_o presentment_n which_o issue_v out_o of_o the_o roll_n of_o that_o court_n and_o be_v a_o judicial_a process_n a_o distress_n must_v thereupon_o be_v take_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o commission_n of_o sewer_n exit_fw-la congruitate_fw-la three_o a_o distress_n for_o a_o rate_n or_o sesse_v or_o tax_v assess_v and_o impose_v by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n may_v be_v take_v in_o any_o part_n or_o place_n within_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n for_o this_o be_v a_o distress_n ground_v upon_o the_o statute_n and_o be_v as_o large_a as_o the_o extent_n thereof_o and_o so_o the_o difference_n appear_v where_o the_o distress_n be_v guide_v by_o the_o commission_n and_o where_o by_o the_o statute_n who_o good_n may_v be_v distrain_v it_o come_v now_o in_o turn_n to_o be_v handle_v who_o good_n may_v be_v distrain_v and_o take_v within_o these_o law_n for_o the_o word_n of_o distress_n be_v put_v so_o general_o in_o this_o statute_n that_o they_o must_v receive_v their_o exposition_n by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a law_n in_o regard_n these_o law_n do_v give_v no_o special_a direction_n therein_o and_o therefore_o the_o distress_n mention_v in_o rook_n case_n may_v in_o this_o place_n be_v question_v for_o there_o carter_n be_v assess_v but_o the_o good_n of_o rook_n be_v distrain_v and_o take_v for_o the_o say_v assess_v and_o no_o challenge_n or_o exception_n be_v there_o make_v of_o it_o and_o no_o marvel_n for_o it_o be_v special_o find_v that_o the_o good_n be_v take_v and_o distrain_v on_o the_o ground_n charge_v for_o otherwise_o that_o distress_n have_v be_v tortuous_a wherein_o i_o take_v this_o diversity_n that_o where_o ground_n be_v chargeable_a to_o repair_v of_o defence_n and_o a_o sess_n be_v thereon_o impose_v by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n the_o good_n of_o a_o stranger_n may_v be_v take_v therefore_o on_o the_o ground_n sess_v and_o this_o be_v warrant_v by_o rook_n case_n but_o rook_n be_v a_o stranger_n his_o good_n can_v not_o in_o any_o sort_n have_v be_v take_v for_o the_o sess_n impose_v upon_o carter_n but_o on_o the_o ground_n charge_v and_o the_o like_a law_n for_o rent_n and_o service_n issue_v out_o of_o land_n the_o good_n of_o a_o stranger_n levant_n and_o couchant_a on_o the_o ground_n so_o hold_v may_v be_v distrain_v for_o rent_n and_o service_n by_o 7_o h._n 7._o 2._o and_o 11_o h._n 7._o 4._o 7._o 7_o h._n 7._o 11_o h._n 7._o but_o put_v the_o case_n a_o little_a further_o that_o in_o the_o session_n court_n of_o the_o sewer_n a._n b._n be_v amerce_v for_o nonpayment_n of_o his_o sesse_n towards_o the_o repair_n of_o a_o work_n of_o sewer_n and_o in_o this_o case_n i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o the_o proper_a good_n of_o a._n b._n be_v to_o be_v distrain_v for_o this_o amerciament_n and_o not_o the_o good_n of_o a_o stranger_n go_v on_o his_o ground_n charge_v to_o the_o say_v assess_v because_o this_o amerciament_n be_v a_o collateral_a charge_n which_o fall_v on_o the_o person_n of_o the_o offendor_n who_o be_v to_o pay_v the_o assel_n and_o do_v not_o in_o any_o sort_n charge_v the_o ground_n and_o this_o opinion_n have_v warrant_n from_o the_o case_n in_o 41_o ed._n 3._o fol._n 26._o br._n leet_n 4._o for_o there_o a._n b._n be_v amerce_v in_o a_o 3._o 41_o ed._n 3._o court_n of_o leet_n for_o receive_v and_o keep_v one_o in_o his_o house_n which_o be_v not_o swear_v to_o the_o king_n in_o which_o case_n it_o be_v hold_v that_o no_o good_n can_v be_v distrain_v for_o this_o amerciament_n but_o only_o the_o proper_a good_n of_o the_o party_n amerce_v although_o the_o good_n of_o other_o be_v levant_n and_o couchant_a on_o his_o ground_n and_o
sit_v commissioner_n by_o this_o statute_n for_o they_o have_v these_o land_n in_o eorum_fw-la usu_fw-la during_o the_o time_n they_o continue_v in_o their_o place_n which_o in_o intendment_n of_o law_n be_v for_o their_o life_n but_o yet_o by_o the_o intendment_n of_o law_n they_o be_v not_o to_o sit_v in_o the_o execution_n of_o any_o humane_a affair_n and_o therefore_o see_v their_o person_n be_v out_o of_o the_o intendment_n of_o this_o law_n so_o likewise_o shall_v their_o church_n living_n be_v but_o this_o be_v but_o a_o conceit_n for_o although_o they_o be_v not_o person_n have_v these_o land_n within_o the_o statute_n of_o 32_o h._n 8._o of_o will_n which_o be_v a_o have_v to_o dispose_v yet_o they_o may_v be_v within_o our_o statute_n which_o be_v a_o have_v to_o retain_v if_o a_o executor_n have_v a_o villain_n for_o year_n which_o purchase_v land_n of_o forty_o mark_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la he_o may_v sit_v in_o the_o execution_n of_o this_o commission_n for_o till_o his_o lord_n enter_v he_o have_v they_o to_o his_o own_o use_n but_o if_o the_o executor_n enter_v than_o neither_o the_o villain_n nor_o executor_n can_v sit_v a_o commissioner_n by_o this_o law_n if_o a_o alien_a purchase_n land_n of_o sufficient_a value_n in_o fee_n he_o in_o respect_n of_o his_o person_n be_v a_o disable_v person_n to_o sit_v neither_o be_v he_o a_o person_n have_v land_n because_o he_o be_v not_o seize_v thereof_o to_o his_o own_o use_n but_o to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o king_n but_o if_o he_o be_v make_v a_o denizen_n then_o in_o his_o person_n he_o be_v make_v capable_a the_o warden_n of_o the_o fleet_n who_o have_v land_n belong_v to_o his_o office_n may_v in_o respect_n thereof_o sit_v a_o commissioner_n by_o this_o law_n but_o shall_v a_o termor_n or_o lessee_n for_o year_n of_o land_n of_o good_a value_n be_v thrust_v out_o of_o commission_n and_o be_v count_v neither_o a_o sufficient_a land_a man_n nor_o his_o term_n and_o lease_n to_o be_v accept_v movable_a substance_n and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o that_o his_o farm_n shall_v be_v a_o further_a disablement_n unto_o he_o as_o the_o statute_n of_o 13_o el._n cap._n 9_o seem_v to_o purport_n the_o word_n of_o which_o statute_n be_v that_o no_o farmer_n or_o farmer_n for_o term_n of_o year_n of_o any_o manner_n land_n or_o tenement_n lie_v or_o be_v within_o the_o precinct_n or_o limit_n of_o any_o such_o commission_n of_o sewer_n which_o be_v or_o which_o hereafter_o may_v be_v order_v and_o chargeable_a by_o any_o law_n ordinance_n and_o construction_n make_v or_o to_o be_v make_v by_o virtue_n of_o any_o such_o commission_n wherein_o he_o or_o they_o shall_v be_v name_v or_o appoint_v commissioner_n or_o commissioner_n not_o have_v estate_n in_o freehold_n within_o the_o realm_n of_o or_o in_o manor_n land_n or_o tenement_n of_o the_o yearly_a value_n of_o forty_o pound_n shall_v any_o time_n hereafter_o have_v power_n to_o sit_v or_o in_o any_o wise_a intermeddle_v with_o the_o execution_n of_o such_o commission_n or_o commission_n during_o the_o time_n he_o or_o they_o shall_v continue_v or_o be_v such_o farmer_n or_o farmer_n of_o any_o such_o manner_n land_n and_o tenement_n and_o shall_v not_o have_v estate_n of_o freehold_a as_o aforesaid_a but_o that_o every_o such_o commission_n have_v respect_n only_o to_o every_o such_o person_n or_o person_n for_o such_o and_o so_o long_a time_n as_o he_o or_o they_o shall_v be_v or_o continue_v farmer_n or_o farmer_n of_o any_o such_o manor_n land_n or_o tenement_n shall_v be_v deny_v and_o judge_v in_o law_n as_o void_a but_o yet_o in_o the_o close_n up_o of_o that_o statute_n of_o 13_o el._n there_o be_v a_o proviso_n to_o this_o effect_n provide_v always_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a for_o any_o commissioner_n be_v also_o a_o farmer_n and_o not_o have_v land_n or_o tenement_n to_o the_o clear_a yearly_a value_n of_o forty_o pound_n of_o freehold_n to_o sit_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o say_a commission_n and_o have_v his_o voice_n and_o full_a authority_n with_o other_o to_o make_v and_o establish_v ordinance_n for_o sewer_n according_a to_o the_o tenure_n of_o the_o commission_n touch_v and_o concern_v all_o land_n and_o tenement_n within_o the_o precinct_n of_o every_o such_o commission_n other_o than_o such_o land_n and_o tenement_n as_o he_o or_o they_o for_o the_o time_n hold_v and_o enjoy_v as_o farmer_n as_o he_o or_o they_o may_v have_v do_v before_o the_o make_n of_o that_o statute_n but_o he_o can_v not_o have_v sit_v in_o execution_n of_o this_o commission_n before_o the_o make_n of_o this_o statute_n unless_o he_o have_v beside_o his_o lease_n land_n to_o the_o value_n of_o forty_o mark_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la and_o therefore_o a_o lease_n for_o year_n be_v no_o inablement_n at_o all_o but_o a_o disablement_n as_o this_o statute_n declare_v but_o the_o time_n when_o this_o have_v of_o land_n etc._n etc._n will_v suffice_v to_o qualify_v a_o commissioner_n to_o sit_v within_o this_o law_n be_v now_o to_o be_v consider_v of_o wherein_o i_o be_o opinion_n that_o the_o when_o have_v must_v be_v refer_v to_o the_o then_o sit_v for_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n be_v that_o none_o take_v upon_o he_o to_o sit_v not_o have_v land_n to_o the_o yearly_a value_n of_o forty_o mark_n so_o that_o if_o he_o have_v not_o land_n of_o that_o value_n when_o he_o be_v first_o make_v a_o commissioner_n yet_o if_o he_o have_v so_o much_o when_o he_o sit_v upon_o the_o commission_n it_o will_v satisfy_v this_o law_n and_o if_o once_o he_o have_v land_n of_o that_o value_n and_o sit_v and_o after_o sell_v the_o land_n away_o or_o if_o they_o be_v evict_v from_o he_o he_o be_v then_o disable_v to_o sit_v as_o a_o commissioner_n by_o this_o statute_n and_o so_o if_o he_o be_v but_o tenant_n for_o the_o life_n of_o i._o s._n and_o i._n s._n die_v he_o ought_v not_o to_o sit_v in_o 12_o h._n 7._o 7._o a_o juror_n which_o be_v to_o pass_v upon_o trial_n of_o land_n be_v to_o have_v forty_o shilling_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la of_o freehold_n and_o 7._o 12_o h._n 7._o 7._o after_o he_o be_v impanel_v and_o before_o he_o be_v swear_v he_o sell_v away_o his_o land_n and_o when_o he_o come_v to_o be_v swear_v he_o be_v challenge_v for_o want_v of_o freehold_n but_o the_o challenge_n be_v disalow_v for_o after_o he_o be_v impanel_v his_o land_n though_o after_o sell_v away_o be_v chargeable_a with_o the_o issue_n which_o he_o after_o may_v lose_v in_o that_o matter_n and_o with_o this_o agree_v 14_o h._n 7._o 2._o by_o frowick_n but_o our_o statute_n be_v more_o precise_o pen_v which_o be_v that_o none_o do_v presume_v to_o sit_v unless_o he_o have_v land_n of_o that_o value_n or_o be_v etc._n etc._n therefore_o when_o he_o sit_v he_o must_v have_v the_o land_n and_o if_o a._n do_v bargain_n and_o sell_v his_o land_n to_o b._n by_o deed_n intend_v of_o that_o value_n and_o before_o the_o inrolment_n of_o the_o deed_n b._n do_v sit_v as_o commissioner_n and_o after_o the_o deed_n be_v enrol_v yet_o this_o do_v not_o qualify_v his_o offence_n and_o the_o relation_n of_o the_o work_n of_o this_o deed_n do_v not_o assist_v he_o to_o take_v off_o the_o penalty_n of_o this_o law_n also_o a_o man_n disseise_v be_v during_o the_o disseisin_n disable_v to_o sit_v for_o he_o have_v not_o then_o power_n to_o devise_v the_o land_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o 32_o h._n 8._o of_o will_n for_o that_o statute_n do_v as_o we_o do_v use_v the_o word_n have_v in_o presenti_fw-la and_o not_o in_o futuro_fw-la and_o thus_o much_o i_o think_v convenient_a upon_o this_o occasion_n to_o deliver_v my_o opinion_n when_o the_o commissioner_n must_v have_v his_o land_n of_o forty_o mark_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la to_o enable_v he_o to_o sit_v as_o a_o commissioner_n within_o this_o statute_n to_o treat_v of_o the_o utter_a barister_fw-mi i_o need_v not_o for_o when_o he_o have_v take_v the_o oath_n mention_v in_o the_o statute_n he_o be_v a_o absolute_a and_o complete_a commissioner_n within_o this_o law_n to_o all_o purpose_n although_o he_o have_v neither_o land_n or_o good_n according_a as_o the_o statute_n appoint_v other_o to_o have_v the_o second_o question_n the_o second_o question_n in_o my_o case_n touch_v this_o statute_n be_v whether_o the_o countess_n of_o warwick_n be_v a_o compatible_a commissioner_n within_o this_o statute_n although_o it_o be_v uncouth_a in_o our_o law_n to_o have_v woman_n justice_n and_o commissioner_n and_o to_o sit_v in_o place_n of_o judicature_n yet_o by_o the_o authority_n ensue_v you_o shall_v find_v this_o a_o point_n worth_n insist_v upon_o both_o in_o humane_a and_o in_o divine_a learning_n for_o in_o genesis_n chapter_n the_o first_o after_o the_o creation_n 1._o
leave_v to_o the_o king_n ratione_fw-la regiae_fw-la dignitatis_fw-la suae_fw-la who_o office_n do_v as_o the_o philosopher_n true_o say_v contain_v in_o it_o great_a virtue_n high_a understanding_n and_o divine_a wisdom_n to_o who_o high_a government_n as_o well_o our_o person_n as_o our_o law_n be_v commit_v and_o the_o defence_n thereof_o be_v apply_v to_o his_o grave_a foresight_n and_o true_o i_o have_v take_v upon_o i_o to_o read_v on_o those_o law_n of_o sewer_n as_o mr._n marrow_n do_v in_o former_a time_n take_v upon_o he_o to_o expound_v in_o his_o read_v the_o law_n of_o the_o justice_n of_o peace_n hope_v this_o work_n of_o i_o may_v prove_v as_o acceptable_a to_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n as_o that_o of_o his_o be_v beneficial_a to_o the_o justice_n of_o peace_n the_o use_n whereof_o being_n no_o less_o commodious_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n then_o that_o of_o the_o peace_n be_v both_o general_a law_n of_o great_a use_n and_o esteem_v and_o myself_o be_v for_o many_o year_n past_o a_o commissioner_n in_o the_o county_n of_o lincoln_n i_o find_v that_o these_o law_n be_v dark_a and_o intricate_a and_o come_v not_o usual_o within_o the_o reach_n and_o understanding_n of_o such_o as_o be_v not_o well_o see_v and_o study_v in_o the_o law_n and_o because_o i_o find_v the_o use_n of_o they_o to_o be_v wondrous_o necessary_a i_o do_v intend_v when_o occasion_n serve_v i_o to_o break_v the_o ice_n and_o enter_v serious_o into_o the_o exposition_n of_o they_o and_o therefore_o see_v these_o law_n be_v in_o time_n most_o ancient_a in_o extent_n most_o large_a and_o for_o the_o use_n most_o necessary_a i_o have_v with_o your_o kind_a favour_n make_v choice_n of_o they_o to_o frame_v my_o read_n upon_o wherein_o if_o upon_o your_o perusal_n you_o find_v any_o escape_n or_o error_n which_o may_v soon_o fall_v from_o opinion_n haec_fw-la amice_fw-la corrige_n and_o such_o of_o they_o as_o you_o shall_v bestow_v your_o like_n upon_o hiis_fw-la vtere_fw-la mecum_fw-la and_o this_o shall_v suffice_v touch_v my_o choice_n make_v of_o this_o statute_n and_o as_o i_o have_v former_o declare_v and_o deliver_v the_o cause_n which_o stir_v i_o up_o and_o the_o reason_n which_o confirm_v i_o to_o read_v upon_o this_o statute_n now_o i_o do_v intend_v to_o break_v it_o up_o and_o i_o do_v divide_v it_o into_o these_o several_a branch_n or_o part_n first_o to_o make_v provision_n to_o resist_v the_o over_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n upon_o the_o large_a marsh_n ground_n lie_v in_o the_o maritine_n country_n which_o common_o be_v the_o sure_a for_o soundness_n the_o great_a for_o compass_n and_o the_o best_a for_o profit_n of_o all_o the_o sheep-walk_n and_o commons_o of_o this_o realm_n which_o take_v prejudice_n and_o loss_n only_o by_o the_o rage_n of_o the_o sea_n second_o to_o provide_v also_o that_o the_o great_a fresh_a river_n and_o stream_n may_v have_v their_o passage_n make_v clear_a and_o that_o their_o wall_n bank_n and_o other_o defence_n be_v repair_v keep_v and_o maintain_v whereby_o the_o fair_a delightful_a pleasant_a and_o fruitful_a meadow_n and_o pasture_n ground_n which_o lie_v in_o the_o great_a abundance_n upon_o or_o near_o the_o river_n brook_n and_o stream_n may_v be_v preserve_v from_o the_o inundation_n of_o fresh_a water_n which_o many_o time_n annoy_v they_o to_o the_o great_a and_o inestimable_a damage_n of_o his_o majesty_n subject_n which_o be_v owner_n and_o farmer_n thereof_o three_o whereas_o navigation_n both_o for_o the_o export_n of_o our_o homebred_a commodity_n and_o for_o the_o import_v of_o foreign_a merchandize_n be_v the_o chief_a enrich_n of_o this_o nation_n therefore_o port_n havens_n rivers_n and_o other_o navigable_a stream_n and_o their_o dependency_n be_v put_v within_o the_o defence_n of_o this_o law_n be_v ostia_n &_o janua_fw-la regni_fw-la for_o that_o by_o the_o maintenance_n of_o these_o the_o wealth_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v increase_v and_o the_o inland_a city_n borough_n and_o town_n be_v make_v partaker_n with_o ease_n and_o small_a cost_n of_o the_o sea_n commodity_n four_o likewise_o this_o law_n give_v redress_n and_o remedy_n for_o the_o remove_n of_o such_o let_n and_o impediment_n as_o be_v either_o hindrance_n to_o navigation_n or_o stop_v whereby_o the_o abundant_a water_n can_v have_v their_o free_a passage_n to_o the_o sea_n and_o five_o because_o in_o the_o surround_v ground_n there_o be_v most_o common_o the_o great_a use_n of_o bridge_n calceys_n passage_n and_o way_n therefore_o this_o statute_n have_v take_v order_n for_o they_o also_o whereby_o his_o majesty_n people_n may_v in_o those_o place_n for_o their_o person_n and_o their_o good_n have_v both_o salvum_fw-la &_o securum_fw-la conductum_fw-la in_o these_o five_o part_n be_v all_o the_o whole_a material_n of_o this_o great_a and_o worthy_a law_n contain_v and_o therefore_o according_a to_o the_o say_a division_n i_o have_v frame_v a_o case_n for_o the_o first_o lecture_n upon_o this_o law_n the_o first_o case_n a._n lease_v to_o b._n a_o manor_n on_o the_o sea_n coast_n for_o year_n which_o have_v incrementum_fw-la &_o decrementum_fw-la maris_fw-la by_o prescription_n in_o the_o county_n of_o chester_n and_o the_o city_n there_o where_o a_o commission_n of_o sewer_n be_v remainder_n to_o c._n in_o fee_n livery_n be_v give_v and_o take_v by_o attorney_n at_o full_a sea_n within_o the_o view_n the_o sea_n than_o leave_v one_o hundred_o acre_n of_o land_n with_o the_o shore_n divide_v in_o part_n from_o the_o continent_n by_o a_o navigable_a haven_n the_o lease_n expire_v c._n enter_v the_o prince_n eject_v he_o and_o the_o king_n seize_v this_o relinquish_v ground_n my_o opinion_n be_v that_o the_o king_n have_v a_o part_n the_o prince_n a_o part_n and_o the_o subject_a a_o part_n of_o this_o ground_n and_o that_o it_o be_v all_o within_o this_o statute_n but_o no_o part_n thereof_o within_o this_o commission_n point_n of_o the_o common_a law_n the_o point_n of_o this_o case_n be_v three_o at_o the_o common_a law_n and_o five_o by_o this_o statute_n first_o whether_o livery_n of_o land_n may_v be_v make_v within_o the_o view_n in_o another_o county_n or_o not_o second_o whether_o livery_n by_o the_o view_n may_v be_v give_v or_o take_v by_o attorney_n or_o not_o three_o whether_o in_o this_o case_n livery_n and_o seisin_n may_v be_v make_v by_o attorney_n or_o that_o of_o necessity_n it_o must_v be_v make_v to_o the_o lessee_n for_o year_n and_o who_o must_v join_v in_o make_v of_o the_o letter_n of_o attorney_n to_o take_v the_o livery_n all_o which_o point_n i_o must_v maintain_v affirmative_o else_o c._n the_o subject_n can_v have_v any_o land_n at_o all_o point_n on_o this_o statute_n first_o whether_o the_o english_a sea_n be_v within_o this_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o what_o interest_n the_o king_n have_v there_o and_o what_o interest_n a_o subject_a may_v have_v therein_o by_o custom_n and_o prescription_n and_o what_o be_v mean_v by_o the_o say_a word_n incrementum_fw-la &_o decrementum_fw-la maris_fw-la second_o who_o these_o new_a island_n be_v which_o arise_v there_o and_o wherhe_a they_o be_v say_v to_o be_v within_o the_o realm_n and_o what_o law_n govern_v the_o same_o for_o that_o it_o appear_v in_o my_o case_n that_o the_o ground_n leave_v between_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o haven_n be_v a_o island_n three_o whether_o the_o king_n shall_v have_v all_o the_o ground_n by_o his_o prerogative_n or_o the_o subject_a by_o the_o say_a prescription_n or_o the_o prince_n as_o participate_v of_o both_o or_o whether_o every_o one_o shall_v have_v a_o part_n thereof_o according_a to_o my_o conclusion_n four_o whether_o the_o ground_n leave_v by_o the_o sea_n be_v within_o this_o statute_n and_o commission_n both_o or_o either_o of_o they_o or_o neither_o of_o they_o five_o what_o a_o haven_n a_o shore_n and_o the_o coast_n be_v in_o definition_n and_o the_o several_a property_n thereof_o the_o reader_n argument_n and_o as_o it_o come_v to_o my_o turn_n i_o intend_v to_o maintain_v the_o conclusion_n of_o my_o case_n and_o first_o of_o the_o first_o point_n livery_n and_o seisin_n be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o ancient_a approve_a ceremony_n of_o the_o law_n which_o have_v be_v use_v for_o convey_v of_o land_n and_o the_o law_n have_v a_o more_o respect_n thereto_o then_o to_o any_o other_o and_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o it_o be_v the_o most_o perfect_a form_n of_o any_o by_o the_o which_o the_o freehold_a and_o inheritance_n of_o land_n be_v transfer_v from_o one_o to_o another_o and_o all_o subject_n may_v give_v and_o take_v land_n by_o this_o ceremony_n but_o the_o king_n only_o be_v except_v who_o prerogative_n be_v such_o that_o as_o land_n can_v be_v take_v from_o he_o as_o king_n but_o by_o record_n so_o land_n can_v be_v give_v
the_o sea_n he_o grant_v to_o he_o bona_fw-la in_o mare_fw-la deperdita_fw-la super_fw-la mare_fw-la emergentia_fw-la &_o extra_fw-la mare_fw-la projecta_fw-la which_o be_v profit_n arise_v on_o the_o sea_n and_o all_o these_o be_v say_v to_o be_v per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la angliae_fw-la ergo_fw-la the_o sea_n be_v infra_fw-la regnum_fw-la angliae_fw-la in_o the_o eleven_o chapt._n de_fw-la prerogativa_fw-la regis_fw-la it_o be_v declare_v quod_fw-la rex_fw-la habebit_fw-la wreccum_fw-la maris_fw-la per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la &_o 11._o prerogativa_fw-la regis_fw-la cap._n 11._o balenas_n &_o sturgiones_n captos_fw-la in_o mari_n vel_fw-la alibi_fw-la infra_fw-la regnum_fw-la angliae_fw-la and_o this_o be_v by_o the_o common_a law_n before_o ever_o this_o statute_n be_v make_v for_o as_o the_o king_n be_v and_o be_v rhe_n most_o excellent_a creature_n within_o his_o realm_n so_o the_o most_o excellent_a thing_n which_o land_n and_o sea_n afford_v be_v appropriate_a unto_o he_o and_o this_o statute_n also_o prove_v the_o sea_n to_o be_v infra_fw-la regnum_fw-la angliae_fw-la and_o that_o the_o profit_n therein_o and_o thereon_o arise_v belong_v to_o the_o king_n by_o the_o temporal_a law_n of_o england_n in_o the_o case_n of_o sir_n henry_n constable_n in_o the_o five_o report_n of_o sir_n e._n cook_n it_o be_v say_v that_o flotsan_n jetsan_n and_o lagan_n be_v good_n case_n sir_n henry_n constables_z case_n on_o or_o in_o the_o sea_n and_o that_o they_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n and_o the_o king_n by_o his_o charter_n grant_v they_o to_o the_o admiral_n the_o statute_n of_o the_o 18._o edward_n 3_o let_v the_o sea_n be_v open_a to_o all_o 8._o stat_n 18._o e._n 3._o 28._o h._n 8._o stranger_n and_o the_o statute_n of_o 28._o h._n 8._o chapt._n 15._o if_o any_o treason_n murder_n or_o other_o felony_n be_v do_v on_o the_o sea_n coast_n the_o offender_n shall_v be_v try_v in_o such_o county_n as_o the_o king_n shall_v appoint_v by_o commission_n to_o be_v direct_v to_o the_o admiral_n and_o other_o to_o try_v the_o same_o per_fw-la sacramentum_fw-la duodecem_fw-la which_o be_v by_o jury_n and_o the_o statute_n 31._o h._n 6._o chapt._n 4._o there_o be_v a_o restraint_n 6._o 31._o h._n 6._o that_o no_o subject_n do_v attach_v any_o stranger_n in_o amity_n within_o this_o realm_n on_o the_o sea_n here_o the_o statute_n law_n be_v in_o force_n on_o the_o sea_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o example_n but_o these_o seem_v to_o tie_v the_o person_n only_o davies_n sir_n john_n davies_n and_o in_o the_o irish_a report_n of_o sir_n john_n davies_n in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o royal_a pischary_n of_o the_o banne_n it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v the_o king_n proper_a inheritance_n and_o mr._n bracton_n lib._n 2._o chap._n 12._o in_o his_o title_n de_fw-fr acquirendo_fw-la 12._o bracton_n l._n 2._o ch._n 12._o rexum_fw-la dominio_fw-la set_v forth_o a_o prescription_n in_o these_o word_n quod_fw-la i._n s._n &_o antecessores_fw-la svi_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la quiet_n '_o de_fw-fr theolonio_n &_o aliis_fw-la consuetudinibus_fw-la dandis_fw-la per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la angliae_fw-la tam_fw-la per_fw-la terram_fw-la quam_fw-la per_fw-la mare_fw-la and_o many_o time_n in_o that_o chapter_n he_o reiterate_v the_o same_o word_n which_o be_v a_o strong_a proof_n that_o the_o sea_n be_v infra_fw-la regnum_fw-la angliae_fw-la and_o that_o the_o king_n govern_v there_o by_o his_o common_a law_n of_o england_n for_o that_o prescription_n be_v a_o main_a and_o material_a point_n of_o the_o common_a law_n and_o the_o like_a be_v allege_v in_o sir_n henry_n constable_n case_n by_o way_n of_o custom_n in_o the_o citizen_n as_o of_o bristol_n to_o have_v flotsan_n on_o the_o sea_n between_o the_o high_a water_n and_o the_o low_a water_n mark_n so_o i_o take_v it_o i_o have_v prove_v the_o king_n full_a lord_n and_o owner_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o that_o the_o sea_n be_v within_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o that_o i_o have_v also_o prove_v it_o by_o ancient_a book_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o law_n and_o by_o charter_n statute_n custom_n and_o prescription_n that_o the_o government_n therein_o be_v by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o this_o realm_n one_o case_n and_o one_o statute_n seem_v to_o sway_v to_o the_o contrary_a case_n lacy_n case_n and_o that_o be_v lacy_n case_n where_o one_o be_v strike_v on_o the_o sea_n and_o die_v on_o the_o land_n that_o the_o common_a law_n can_v not_o try_v this_o murder_n it_o be_v true_a because_o that_o trial_n be_v to_o be_v by_o jury_n which_o must_v come_v out_o of_o a_o proper_a county_n which_o can_v not_o in_o this_o case_n because_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o within_o county_n ground_n and_o so_o no_o jury_n can_v be_v summon_v there_o and_o i_o acknowledge_v that_o the_o king_n rule_v on_o the_o sea_n by_o the_o law_n imperial_a as_o by_o the_o roll_n of_o oleron_n and_o other_o but_o that_o oleron_n le_fw-fr roll_n de_fw-fr oleron_n be_v only_o in_o the_o particular_a case_n of_o ship_n and_o for_o merchant_n and_o mariner_n but_o the_o king_n have_v neither_o the_o property_n of_o the_o sea_n nor_o the_o real_a and_o personal_a profit_n there_o arise_v but_o by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n and_o in_o proof_n thereof_o the_o book_n 15._o and_o 16._o eliz._n in_o dyer_n where_o the_o ground_n gain_v from_o the_o sea_n pertain_v to_o the_o queen_n which_o must_v dyer_n 15._o 16._o eliz._n dyer_n needs_o be_v by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n for_o no_o law_n give_v the_o king_n any_o soil_n but_o only_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n so_o this_o be_v sufficient_a proof_n for_o the_o real_a profit_n and_o for_o the_o personal_a profit_n the_o charter_n of_o the_o admiralty_n and_o other_o case_n aforesaid_a make_v it_o manifest_a and_o there_o be_v a_o statute_n make_v in_o 1._o r._n 2._o chapt._n which_o restrain_v admiralty_n 1_o r._n 2._o rast_n admiralty_n the_o admiral_n that_o he_o do_v not_o meddle_v with_o any_o thing_n do_v within_o the_o realm_n but_o on_o the_o sea_n by_o which_o it_o may_v be_v collect_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o within_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n but_o in_o my_o opinion_n the_o intent_n of_o that_o statute_n do_v rather_o limit_v the_o admiral_n how_o far_o he_o shall_v extend_v his_o jurisdiction_n than_o any_o way_n to_o set_v forth_o the_o bound_n of_o this_o realm_n wherein_o my_o conclusion_n herein_o be_v that_o my_o statute_n have_v his_o extent_n within_o all_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o that_o english_a sea_n be_v within_o the_o realm_n be_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o my_o say_a statute_n of_o sewer_n and_o that_o statute_n law_n be_v in_o full_a power_n on_o the_o sea_n as_o by_o the_o case_n and_o statute_n mention_v former_o do_v appear_v of_o island_n because_o in_o my_o case_n in_o matter_n though_o not_o in_o express_a insulis_fw-la de_fw-fr insulis_fw-la word_n there_o be_v a_o island_n therefore_o it_o come_v now_o fit_o in_o turn_n to_o declare_v who_o the_o same_o be_v in_o ownership_n and_o what_o law_n the_o same_o be_v to_o be_v govern_v by_o and_o first_o of_o the_o definition_n thereof_o justinian_n in_o suis_fw-la institutionibus_fw-la say_v that_o insule_n difinitio_fw-la insule_n insula_fw-la est_fw-la locus_fw-la undique_fw-la circumdatus_fw-la aquis_fw-la pag._n 153._o and_o with_o this_o agree_v britton_n in_o his_o title_n of_o purchase_n england_n of_o anglia_fw-it anglia_fw-it itself_o be_v not_o insula_n because_o it_o be_v not_o undique_fw-la circumdatus_fw-la aquis_fw-la but_o england_n and_o scotland_n be_v one_o entire_a island_n and_o the_o most_o scotia_n scotia_n famous_a in_o the_o whole_a world_n england_n take_v it_o per_fw-la se_fw-la est_fw-la peninsula_fw-la that_o be_v penè_fw-la insula_fw-la almost_o a_o island_n for_o on_o all_o part_n it_o peninsula_n peninsula_n join_v to_o the_o sea_n but_o towards_o some_o part_n of_o scotland_n gernsey_n and_o jernsey_n be_v island_n on_o the_o sea_n but_o it_o seem_v by_o the_o resolution_n in_o calvin_n case_n 7._o report_n that_o they_o be_v jernsey_n gernsey_n jernsey_n not_o within_o the_o realm_n nor_o govern_v by_o these_o law_n because_o the_o king_n have_v they_o by_o his_o title_n of_o france_n the_o isle_n of_o man_n be_v in_o time_n past_o a_o petty_a kingdom_n and_o have_v a_o king_n but_o he_o be_v only_o as_o a_o viceroy_n and_o under_o the_o man._n man._n king_n of_o england_n as_o by_o a_o record_n where_o artold_v king_n of_o man_n make_v suit_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n to_o come_v into_o england_n but_o whether_o man_n be_v within_o the_o realm_n or_o not_o seem_v to_o be_v put_v without_o question_n in_o sir_n edward_n cook_n case_n of_o calvin_n and_o by_o kelwayes_o report_v 11._o h._n 8._o that_o it_o be_v not_o for_o there_o a_o office_n find_v after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o derby_n by_o a_o writ_n out_o of_o the_o
chancery_n r._n 11._o h._n 8._o kelwayes_o r._n of_o england_n be_v avoid_v because_o as_o the_o say_a book_n do_v affirm_v man_n be_v not_o within_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n but_o under_o the_o favour_n of_o these_o book_n that_o be_v no_o necessary_a cause_n to_o avoid_v that_o office_n for_o in_o my_o opinion_n the_o say_a office_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o derby_n be_v void_a quia_fw-la in_o man_n breve_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la non_fw-la currebat_fw-la and_o so_o in_o the_o county_n of_o palatine_a of_o chester_n breve_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la non_fw-la currit_fw-la 161._o tamen_fw-la committatus_fw-la cestriae_fw-la est_fw-la infra_fw-la regnum_fw-la angliae_fw-la mr._n cambden_n in_o his_o history_n de_fw-fr insulis_fw-la be_v cambden_n cambden_n of_o opinion_n that_o man_n be_v a_o member_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o therein_o he_o have_v these_o word_n that_o man_n be_v a_o island_n situate_a in_o the_o midway_n between_o england_n and_o ireland_n sed_fw-la de_fw-la qua_fw-la utrique_fw-la terrarum_fw-la applicari_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la debuerat_fw-la ab_fw-la antiquis_fw-la non_fw-la ambigebatur_fw-la demum_fw-la in_o hunc_fw-la modum_fw-la lie_fw-la ista_fw-la quievit_fw-la quoniam_fw-la advectos_fw-la perculi_fw-la causa_fw-la venemoso_n haec_fw-la terra_fw-la vermis_n admisit_fw-la ergo_fw-la eam_fw-la britannis_fw-la applicandum_fw-la censura_fw-la communis_fw-la dictavit_fw-la by_o which_o it_o may_v appear_v that_o the_o isle_n of_o man_n be_v within_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n or_o at_o the_o least_o a_o member_n thereof_o but_o i_o do_v take_v the_o isle_n of_o wight_n original_o to_o be_v parcel_n of_o england_n and_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o county_n of_o hampshire_n and_o be_v wight_n wight_n as_o it_o be_v divorce_v from_o the_o continent_n as_o be_v cecily_n from_o italy_n the_o one_o as_o poet_n feign_v be_v part_v from_o the_o continent_n or_o main_a land_n by_o a_o earthquake_n the_o other_o as_o be_v imagine_v by_o the_o rage_n and_o violence_n of_o the_o sea_n insula_fw-la vectis_fw-la inquit_fw-la cambdenus_n in_fw-la suis_fw-la insultis_fw-la britannicis_n fol._n 707._o est_fw-la pars_fw-la commitatus_fw-la 707._o cambden_n 707._o hamtoniae_fw-la &_o à _fw-la continente_fw-la britanniae_fw-la avulsa_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la cohaesisse_fw-la uvidebatur_fw-la for_o many_o do_v imagine_v that_o it_o be_v tear_v from_o the_o main_a land_n by_o the_o violence_n of_o water_n as_o of_o late_a year_n parcel_n of_o the_o spurnhead_n in_o yorkshire_n which_o before_o do_v adhere_v to_o the_o continent_n be_v tear_v therefrom_o by_o the_o sea_n and_o be_v now_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o island_n yet_o the_o same_o be_v within_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o remain_v parcel_n of_o yorkshire_n and_o the_o like_a be_v say_v of_o the_o island_n call_v silly_a situate_a many_o other_o ancient_a island_n there_o be_v which_o be_v in_o the_o english_a sea_n be_v parcel_n of_o this_o realm_n which_o i_o will_v pass_v over_o to_o avoid_v prolixity_n but_o in_o our_o case_n a_o new_a island_n be_v rise_v up_o in_o the_o english_a sea_n to_o who_o the_o same_o in_o point_n of_o property_n and_o ownership_n insula_fw-la nova_fw-la insula_fw-la shall_v belong_v and_o what_o law_n the_o same_o shall_v be_v govern_v by_o come_v now_o just_o to_o be_v dispute_v of_o justinian_n in_o his_o institutes_n de_fw-fr rerum_fw-la divisione_n say_v quod_fw-la insula_fw-la in_o mari_fw-fr nata_fw-la justinian_n justinian_n ut_fw-la delos_n est_fw-la primi_fw-la occupantis_fw-la and_o britton_n one_o of_o our_o ancient_a 86._o britton_n 86._o writer_n in_o his_o book_n titulo_fw-la purchase_n fol._n 86._o say_v that_o if_o a_o new_a island_n rise_v up_o in_o the_o sea_n datur_fw-la primo_fw-la occupanti_fw-la and_o agree_v full_o with_o justinian_n therein_o but_o say_v he_o if_o it_o be_v take_v or_o divorce_v from_o the_o continent_n than_o it_o continue_v to_o the_o former_a owner_n but_o 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ownership_n and_o property_n the_o say_v new_a island_n be_v the_o king_n but_o yet_o i_o be_o likewise_o of_o opinion_n that_o a_o new_a island_n rise_v from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n although_o it_o be_v within_o the_o realm_n yet_o it_o be_v neither_o within_o county_n parish_n nor_o town_n of_o this_o realm_n till_o the_o king_n by_o his_o edict_n or_o proclamation_n have_v so_o declare_v it_o there_o may_v be_v island_n also_o within_o the_o land_n compass_v about_o with_o fresh_a river_n as_o the_o isle_n of_o axholm_n in_o the_o county_n of_o lincoln_n and_o sheppey_n in_o the_o county_n of_o kent_n and_z divers_z other_o but_o mr._n bracton_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr acquirende_n rerum_fw-la 2._o bracton_n libre_fw-la 1._o cap._n 2._o dominio_fw-la do_v very_o well_o deliver_v the_o law_n concern_v his_o new_a island_n which_o arise_v in_o great_a river_n his_o word_n be_v these_o habet_fw-la etiam_fw-la locum_fw-la eadem_fw-la species_n accessionis_fw-la insula_fw-la nata_fw-la in_o flumine_fw-la quod_fw-la si_fw-la quidem_fw-la medeam_fw-la partem_fw-la teneat_fw-la communis_fw-la est_fw-la eorum_fw-la qui_fw-la pro_fw-la indiviso_fw-la ab_fw-la utraque_fw-la parte_fw-la fluminis_fw-la prope_fw-la ripam_fw-la praedia_fw-la possident_fw-la pro_fw-la modo_fw-la latitudinis_fw-la cujuscunque_fw-la fundi_fw-la que_fw-la latitudo_fw-la prope_fw-la ripam_fw-la sit_fw-la que_fw-la si_fw-la alteri_fw-la parti_fw-la proximior_fw-la sit_fw-la eorum_fw-la est_fw-la tanta_fw-la qui_fw-la abea_fw-la parte_fw-la prope_fw-la ripam_fw-la praedia_fw-la possident_fw-la si_fw-la autem_fw-la insula_fw-la in_o mari_n nata_fw-la sit_fw-la quod_fw-la raro_fw-la accidit_fw-la occupantis_fw-la fit_n domini_fw-la regis_fw-la non_fw-la tamen_fw-la credas_fw-la proprium_fw-la alicujus_fw-la agrum_fw-la informam_fw-la insulae_fw-la redact_n insulam_fw-la esse_fw-la ut_fw-la ecce_fw-la flumen_fw-la dividatur_fw-la in_o superiori_fw-la parte_fw-la &_o circuit_n agrum_fw-la alicujus_fw-la &_o demum_fw-la infra_fw-la in_o quo_fw-la casu_fw-la ejus_fw-la erit_fw-la agre_z cujus_fw-la prius_fw-la fuerat_fw-la cavendum_fw-la quoque_fw-la erit_fw-la in_o metienda_fw-la vicinitate_fw-la insularum_fw-la quia_fw-la potest_fw-la quis_fw-la in_o hoc_fw-la de_fw-la facili_fw-la decipi_fw-la ponatur_fw-la igitur_fw-la punctus_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o medio_fw-la inter_fw-la utrumque_fw-la agrum_fw-la &_o secundum_fw-la hoc_fw-la si_fw-la insula_fw-la citra_fw-la punctum_fw-la sit_fw-la vel_fw-la huius_fw-la tant_fw-fr '_o vel_fw-la illius_fw-la tant_fw-fr '_o erit_fw-la si_fw-la autem_fw-la sit_fw-la &_o citra_fw-la punctum_fw-la &_o in_fw-la ipso_fw-la puncto_fw-la &_o ultra_fw-la tunc_fw-la proindiviso_fw-la communis_fw-la erit_fw-la ut_fw-la tantam_fw-la mihi_fw-la de_fw-la ipso_fw-la insula_fw-la cedat_fw-la qua_fw-la continentur_fw-la in_o medietate_fw-la puncti_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la agrum_fw-la meum_fw-la si_fw-mi autem_fw-la insula_fw-la rotunda_fw-la inveniatur_fw-la hoc_fw-la observetur_fw-la quod_fw-la omnè_fw-la quod_fw-la propinquiùs_fw-la est_fw-la mihi_fw-la cedat_fw-la &_o ita_fw-la vicino_fw-la cedat_fw-la quod_fw-la ei_fw-la vicinius_fw-la erit_fw-la but_o whether_o the_o law_n of_o this_o realm_n be_v of_o force_n in_o the_o say_v new_o spring_v up_o sea_n island_n or_o not_o be_v a_o question_n it_o appear_v in_o calvin_n case_n and_o in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o tanistry_n in_o the_o irish_a report_n that_o if_o the_o king_n conquer_v a_o island_n or_o nation_n the_o same_o be_v no_o part_n of_o england_n nor_o the_o law_n of_o england_n there_o in_o force_n till_o the_o king_n shall_v so_o declare_v the_o same_o but_o the_o own_o proper_a law_n seem_v to_o be_v in_o force_n there_o but_o if_o the_o king_n conquer_v a_o nation_n from_o a_o infidel_n there_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o that_o nation_n upon_o the_o conquest_n be_v extinct_a but_o the_o law_n be_v not_o so_o of_o another_o christian_a region_n as_o calais_n ireland_n calais_n guienne_n bulloign_n ireland_n guienne_n bulloign_n and_o the_o like_a and_o although_o ireland_n be_v under_o the_o obeisance_n of_o the_o king_n yet_o the_o law_n of_o england_n be_v not_o there_o in_o force_n till_o the_o king_n so_o declare_v the_o same_o and_o although_o wales_n before_o the_o reign_n of_o e._n 1._o be_v within_o the_o fee_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n yet_o be_v it_o
not_o parcel_n wales_n wales_n thereof_o till_o the_o statute_n of_o 12._o e._n 1._o so_o make_v it_o and_o although_o that_o statute_n so_o annex_v wales_n to_o england_n yet_o be_v but_o by_o the_o word_n or_o figure_n adjuncta_fw-la the_o law_n of_o england_n be_v not_o total_o in_o force_n there_o till_o the_o statute_n 27._o h._n 8._o so_o declare_v they_o as_o be_v hold_v in_o rice_n thomas_n case_n in_o plo._n com._n but_o notwithstanding_o whether_o wales_n be_v within_o my_o statute_n or_o not_o be_v questionable_a for_o these_o reason_n follow_v first_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o a_o general_a law_n unstint_v and_o unbounded_a shall_v extend_v to_o wales_n as_o well_o as_o to_o england_n but_o our_o law_n grant_v commission_n within_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o so_o precise_o prescribe_v it_o to_o bound_n and_o it_o may_v seem_v that_o the_o parliament_n take_v it_o so_o in_o 1._o mar._n cap._n 11._o where_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n be_v authorize_v in_o the_o county_n of_o glamorgan_n which_o as_o may_v be_v object_v need_v not_o if_o wales_n have_v be_v former_o comprise_v and_o some_o new_a statute_n as_o that_o of_o alehouse_n in_o 1._o ja._n cap._n 9_o and_o that_o of_o rogue_n 1._o ja._n cap._n 7._o extend_v the_o same_o to_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o dominion_n of_o wales_n as_o if_o wales_n shall_v not_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o word_n the_o realm_n of_o england_n yet_o notwithstanding_o in_o my_o opinion_n this_o statute_n of_o 23._o h._n 8._o extend_v to_o wales_n for_o although_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 1._o mar._n give_v power_n to_o commissioner_n in_o glamorganshire_n that_o be_v for_o a_o special_a purpose_n which_o as_o be_v conceive_v the_o statute_n of_o 23._o h._n 8._o do_v not_o in_o england_n extend_v thereunto_o that_o as_o for_o the_o carry_v away_o of_o the_o sand_n which_o be_v throw_v upon_o their_o ground_n but_o in_o that_o statute_n it_o may_v well_o be_v perceive_v that_o the_o statute_n of_o 23._o h._n 8._o be_v of_o force_n there_o and_o insert_v the_o word_n dominion_n of_o wales_n in_o the_o say_a statute_n of_o poor_a and_o rogue_n be_v rather_o of_o superabundance_n to_o satisfy_v some_o which_o may_v nodum_fw-la in_o scirpo_fw-la querere_fw-la make_v a_o doubt_n where_o none_o be_v then_o that_o they_o be_v there_o put_v for_o any_o necessity_n require_v the_o same_o but_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o in_o this_o new_a spring_v up_o island_n the_o law_n of_o england_n be_v there_o in_o force_n because_o when_o it_o be_v sea_n the_o same_o be_v under_o the_o government_n of_o these_o law_n and_o although_o the_o nature_n and_o quality_n thereof_o be_v change_v viz._n dry_v land_n for_o full_a sea_n yet_o the_o same_o law_n and_o government_n remain_v in_o force_n so_o that_o i_o hold_v this_o new_a island_n within_o the_o statute_n and_o that_o the_o property_n thereof_o be_v the_o king_n now_o occasion_n and_o time_n give_v i_o fit_a opportunity_n to_o treat_v of_o ground_n which_o be_v new_o gain_v from_o the_o sea_n if_o as_o i_o have_v former_o declare_v the_o ground_n be_v the_o king_n when_o they_o be_v cover_v with_o water_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v hold_v a_o infallible_a ground_n that_o they_o be_v also_o the_o king_n when_o the_o water_n have_v leave_v they_o dry_a and_o when_o the_o water_n have_v their_o be_v on_o the_o same_o the_o whole_a profit_n there_o arise_v do_v appertain_v to_o the_o king_n yet_o i_o have_v know_v in_o some_o country_n where_o the_o frontager_n have_v claim_v those_o ground_n so_o leave_v by_o a_o pretend_a custom_n of_o frontager_n and_o some_o probable_a reason_n may_v be_v show_v wherefore_o they_o shall_v have_v the_o same_o for_o as_o their_o ground_n be_v near_a the_o sea_n and_o so_o next_o to_o the_o charge_n to_o repair_v the_o defence_n and_o next_o to_o the_o loss_n where_o any_o overflow_v happen_v it_o may_v therefore_o seem_v reasonable_a that_o as_o they_o be_v put_v to_o the_o great_a charge_n and_o in_o peril_n of_o the_o loss_n of_o their_o land_n that_o so_o if_o land_n be_v leave_v by_o the_o sea_n affront_v they_o that_o these_o land_n may_v accrue_v unto_o they_o as_o a_o reciprocal_a consideration_n for_o their_o charge_n and_o loss_n but_o i_o take_v it_o that_o of_o late_a the_o law_n have_v in_o these_o case_n be_v oftentime_o rule_v for_o the_o king_n against_o the_o subject_a for_o at_o cross_v in_o the_o county_n of_o lincoln_n 1600._o acre_n be_v gain_v from_o the_o sea_n affront_v the_o manor_n of_o sir_n valentine_n brown_n there_o yet_o he_o be_v put_v to_o obtain_v a_o grant_n from_o the_o king_n thereof_o and_o one_o bushey_n of_o st._n kegneys_n claim_v ground_n leave_v by_o the_o sea_n by_o the_o say_v pretend_a custom_n of_o frontage_n but_o they_o be_v decree_v against_o he_o in_o the_o court_n of_o ward_n in_o 12._o jac._n r._n in_o which_o case_n i_o be_v of_o counsel_n for_o it_o be_v inconvenient_a that_o the_o subject_n shall_v have_v frontage_n and_o yet_o no_o bound_n prescribe_v thereto_o so_o that_o ten_o thousand_o acre_n may_v be_v leave_v affront_n a_o man_n manor_n which_o be_v not_o fit_v a_o subject_n shall_v have_v this_o large_a inheritance_n by_o pretence_n of_o such_o allow_a custom_n and_o i_o suppose_v i_o may_v herein_o say_v in_o this_o case_n as_o mr._n plowden_n do_v of_o his_o silver_n mine_n that_o it_o be_v inconvenient_a a_o subject_n shall_v have_v the_o silver_n mine_n in_o his_o ground_n for_o so_o may_v he_o become_v rich_a than_o the_o king_n so_o it_o be_v not_o fit_v that_o a_o subject_n shall_v have_v the_o ground_n leave_v by_o the_o sea_n when_o so_o much_o may_v happen_v to_o be_v leave_v as_o the_o king_n own_o land_n in_o the_o realm_n come_v to_o and_o so_o because_o nimium_fw-la se_fw-la exaltat_fw-la in_o prerogativam_fw-la regis_fw-la i_o be_o of_o opinion_n the_o new_a gain_v ground_n from_o the_o sea_n appertain_v to_o the_o king_n as_o a_o royal_a escheat_n and_o not_o to_o the_o subject_n but_o in_o my_o case_n here_o be_v a_o prescription_n where_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o manor_n have_v incrementum_fw-la &_o decrementum_fw-la maris_fw-la of_o what_o force_n this_o be_v of_o be_v now_o to_o be_v argue_v therefore_o i_o will_v now_o declare_v what_o interest_n a_o subject_n can_v or_o may_v challenge_v in_o the_o sea_n in_o ground_n gain_v therefrom_o personal_n profit_v arise_v on_o the_o sea_n subject_n may_v have_v and_o challenge_v by_o custom_n and_o prescription_n as_o to_o have_v free_a pischary_n on_o the_o sea_n and_o a_o parson_n have_v tithe_n of_o fish_n get_v in_o the_o sea_n by_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o his_o parish_n &_o yet_o the_o sea_n nor_o any_o part_n thereof_o be_v not_o in_o any_o parish_n but_o it_o follow_v the_o person_n in_o sir_n henry_n constable_n case_n the_o citizen_n of_o bristol_n case_n sir_n henry_n constables_z case_n claim_v flotsan_n which_o be_v good_n float_v in_o the_o sea_n by_o custom_n in_o bracton_n chap._n 12._o one_o allege_v to_o be_v discharge_v bracton_n bracton_n of_o toll_n or_o custom_n on_o the_o sea_n by_o prescription_n in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o swan_n in_o sir_n edward_n cook_n 7._o report_n one_o prescribe_v to_o have_v a_o game_n of_o wild_a swan_n at_o abbotberry_n in_o a_o creek_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v a_o member_n or_o arm_n of_o swan_n case_n of_o swan_n the_o sea_n and_o in_o sir_n henry_n constable_n aforesaid_a it_o be_v take_v and_o receive_v for_o law_n that_o a_o subject_n manor_n may_v extend_v to_o the_o low_a water-mark_a by_o prescription_n and_o see_v all_o these_o a_o subject_n may_v have_v in_o and_o on_o the_o sea_n wherefore_o then_o shall_v he_o not_o have_v all_o the_o ground_n leave_v by_o the_o sea_n by_o prescription_n to_o that_o i_o answer_v that_o he_o can_v have_v claim_n in_o any_o thing_n by_o prescription_n and_o custom_n but_o that_o which_o lie_v in_o use_n which_o be_v the_o life_n of_o they_o both_o but_o land_n and_o ground_n which_o have_v always_o be_v sea_n can_v not_o be_v nor_o lie_v in_o use_n and_o therefore_o they_o can_v be_v claim_v nor_o the_o same_o can_v be_v bound_v out_o by_o prescription_n or_o custom_n yet_o land_n between_o the_o high-water_n mark_v and_o low-water_n mark_v the_o bound_n thereof_o may_v be_v prescribe_v to_o belong_v to_o or_o to_o be_v parcel_n of_o the_o manor_n because_o in_o every_o twelve_o hour_n or_o in_o every_o day_n they_o lie_v dry_a and_o so_o a_o subject_a all_o that_o time_n may_v have_v use_n of_o they_o and_o so_o of_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o say_a thing_n but_o in_o that_o which_o never_o lie_v in_o use_n no_o custom_n or_o prescription_n can_v take_v hold_v on_o insomuch_o that_o in_o my_o opinion_n no_o prescription_n
run_v betwixt_o lincolnshire_n and_o yorkshire_n the_o point_n of_o either_o county_n may_v be_v see_v at_o once_o and_o seem_v to_o stand_v even_o over_o the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o arm_v of_o the_o sea_n and_o a_o arm_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v say_v to_o extend_v into_o the_o land_n so_o far_o as_o the_o flow_n and_o reflow_v go_v in_o the_o patent_n of_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n i_o find_v this_o word_n creek_n use_v for_o there_o the_o king_n grant_v to_o he_o omne_fw-la bona_fw-la mercimonia_fw-la &_o catalla_fw-la in_o vel_fw-la super_fw-la mare_fw-la littora_fw-la crecas_fw-la &_o costeras_fw-la maris_fw-la but_o it_o differ_v much_o both_o from_o the_o shore_n and_o coast_n for_o a_o shore_n be_v sometime_o dry_a land_n and_o sometime_o water_n a_o coast_n be_v always_o dry_a land_n but_o the_o creek_n be_v always_o sea_n and_o new_a land_n in_o the_o statute_n 28_o h._n 8._o chap._n 15._o rastal_n trial_n a._n it_o be_v that_o all_o felony_n etc._n etc._n do_v upon_o the_o sea_n haven_n or_o creek_n where_o the_o admiral_n have_v jurisdiction_n shall_v be_v try_v in_o such_o county_n which_o the_o king_n shall_v appoint_v by_o the_o statute_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o creek_n be_v not_o all_o one_o with_o the_o sea_n nor_o the_o same_o that_o a_o haven_n be_v by_o the_o statute_n make_v in_o the_o 4_o h._n 8._o chap._n 20._o rastal_a ship_n 5._o appoint_v 20._o 4_o h._n 8._o cap._n 20._o that_o all_o merchandizer_n enter_v in_o or_o go_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n shall_v be_v charge_v and_o discharge_v in_o shore_n diversity_n between_o the_o shore_n great_a port_n and_o not_o in_o creek_n or_o small_a arrival_n by_o which_o coast_n a_o coast_n statute_n it_o be_v apparent_a that_o a_o creek_n be_v not_o all_o one_o that_o a_o port_n be_v creek_n a_o creek_n but_o yet_o here_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o inlet_n of_o the_o sea_n where_o ship_n may_v have_v their_o arrival_n as_o at_o fosdyke_n stow_n wainflet_n and_o creek_n creek_n such_o like_a and_o i_o take_v it_o that_o a_o bay_n and_o a_o creek_n be_v all_o one_o bay_n bay_n and_o that_o a_o mere_a and_o a_o fleet_n be_v also_o of_o that_o nature_n and_o that_o all_o these_o rather_o vary_v in_o word_n then_o in_o matter_n mere._n fleet_n &_o mere._n a_o port._n a_o port_n be_v a_o harbour_n and_o safe_a arrival_n for_o ship_n boat_n and_o ballenger_n of_o burden_n to_o fraught_n and_o unfraught_v they_o at_o as_o by_o the_o say_a statute_n of_o 4_o h._n 4._o appear_v in_o the_o irish_a report_n fol._n 56._o port_n be_v say_v to_o be_v ostia_n &_o januae_fw-la regni_fw-la i_o take_v a_o port_n to_o be_v some_o special_a place_n in_o some_o great_a borough_n where_o arrival_n of_o ship_n be_v as_o the_o cinque_fw-fr port_n which_o be_v dover_n sandwich_n rye_n rumney_n and_o winchesley_n the_o most_o famous_a in_o this_o realm_n and_o these_o be_v place_n of_o great_a privilege_n and_o boston_n hull_n lin_z and_o plymouth_n be_v also_o port_n and_o port_n town_n where_o special_a office_n &_o officer_n belong_v to_o they_o touch_v merchant_n &_o merchandizer_n and_o the_o say_a statute_n of_o 4_o h._n 4._o direct_v that_o merchant_n shall_v be_v charge_v and_o discharge_v at_o great_a port_n be_v for_o that_o there_o be_v officer_n for_o the_o king_n depute_v to_o receive_v his_o highness_n custom_n and_o profit_n thereupon_o arise_v hereupon_o come_v that_o officer_n call_v portgreve_n holinshed_n holinshed_n which_o signify_v the_o governor_n of_o the_o port_n as_o mr._n cambden_n 6._o cro_n p._n 120._o 6._o note_v page_n 244._o the_o difference_n between_o a_o creek_n a_o haven_n 244._o cambden_n 244._o and_o a_o port_n be_v these_o diversity_n between_o a_o creek_n haven_n and_o port._n a_o creek_n be_v a_o corner_n of_o the_o sea_n let_v into_o the_o land_n far_o than_o ordinary_a and_o more_o than_o the_o sea_n be_v but_o it_o be_v no_o usual_a or_o accustom_a place_n of_o arrival_n for_o ship_n and_o common_o it_o have_v neither_o safe_a harbour_n nor_o legal_a privilege_n a_o haven_n be_v proper_o a_o safe_a place_n of_o harbour_n for_o ship_n but_o may_v be_v without_o any_o privilege_n at_o all_o of_o which_o kind_n i_o know_v some_o and_o a_o port_n be_v not_o only_o a_o safe_a harbour_n for_o ship_n of_o the_o great_a burden_n but_o it_o be_v also_o always_o grace_v with_o legal_a privilege_n and_o this_o appear_v so_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la 9_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la cap._n 9_o cap._n 9_o quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la communitates_fw-la &_o barones_n dequinque_fw-la portibus_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la portus_fw-la habeant_fw-la omnes_fw-la libertates_fw-la &_o liberas_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la which_o prove_v my_o former_a definition_n of_o port_n to_o be_v true_a after_o all_o these_o difinition_n and_o distinction_n i_o have_v now_o prepare_v my_o case_n ready_a to_o receive_v his_o censure_n upon_o the_o last_o conclusion_n that_o be_v that_o all_o the_o say_a ground_n be_v within_o this_o statute_n but_o no_o part_n thereof_o within_o this_o commission_n of_o sewer_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v first_o to_o be_v note_v that_o these_o ground_n be_v leave_v by_o the_o sea_n since_o the_o award_v of_o this_o commission_n and_o the_o word_n of_o the_o preamble_n of_o this_o statute_n speak_v of_o ground_n heretofore_o win_v which_o word_n heretofore_o win_v seem_v to_o tie_v the_o statute_n and_o commission_n both_o to_o ground_n leave_v or_o win_v before_o the_o say_a statute_n and_o not_o such_o as_o be_v win_v after_o like_v to_o the_o statute_n of_o west_n 2._o de_fw-fr donis_n conditionalibus_fw-la quod_fw-la ad_fw-la dona_fw-la prius_fw-la facta_fw-la non_fw-la extenditur_fw-la which_o exclude_v out_o of_o that_o statute_n all_o gift_n make_v before_o and_o the_o word_n heretofore_o and_o hereafter_o be_v word_n of_o consequence_n in_o point_n of_o time_n and_o wheresoever_o they_o be_v speak_v they_o come_v with_o a_o emphasis_n as_o if_o they_o require_v express_v observance_n and_o so_o be_v the_o statute_n of_o 32_o h._n 8._o cap._n 28._o of_o lease_n that_o statute_n be_v of_o all_o lease_n hereafter_o to_o be_v make_v by_o covenant_n in_o tail_n with_o such_o caution_n and_o proviso_n as_o be_v limit_v and_o set_v down_o in_o that_o statute_n shall_v be_v good_a lease_n former_o make_v though_o all_o the_o proviso_n in_o the_o say_a statute_n be_v observe_v be_v notwithstanding_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o say_a word_n hereafter_o out_o of_o the_o relief_n of_o that_o statute_n and_o so_o in_o the_o statute_n of_o will_n 32._o h._n 8._o which_o have_v these_o word_n in_o it_o all_o person_n have_v land_n or_o which_o hereafter_o shall_v have_v may_v devise_v this_o do_v not_o make_v good_a any_o devise_n of_o land_n make_v before_o but_o if_o this_o shall_v pass_v for_o currant_n than_o i_o shall_v not_o perform_v my_o word_n in_o my_o conclusion_n which_o put_v it_o all_o within_o the_o statute_n and_o this_o exception_n if_o it_o be_v material_a will_v not_o put_v it_o only_o out_o of_o the_o commission_n but_o the_o statute_n also_o yet_o notwithstanding_o though_o the_o construction_n make_v of_o all_o the_o say_v former_a statute_n stand_v with_o law_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o say_a word_n heretofore_o and_o hereafter_o yet_o in_o this_o statute_n of_o sewer_n the_o same_o be_v not_o material_a neither_o be_v the_o say_a word_n heretofore_o win_v to_o be_v precise_o observe_v because_o they_o be_v place_v in_o the_o preamble_n of_o the_o statute_n and_o not_o in_o the_o enact_v part_n of_o the_o law_n as_o in_o the_o say_v former_a statute_n they_o be_v and_o exposition_n be_v not_o tie_v to_o title_n and_o preamble_n which_o many_o time_n come_v short_a of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o law_n but_o to_o the_o body_n and_o enact_v part_n of_o the_o statute_n which_o be_v the_o matter_n and_o substance_n and_o hereupon_o the_o statute_n of_o 21_o h._n 8._o cap._n 15._o of_o lease_n recite_v in_o the_o preamble_n thereof_o that_o whereas_o divers_a lease_n have_v aforetime_o be_v make_v for_o income_n and_o great_a fine_n and_o yet_o after_o the_o lessor_n do_v suffer_v recovery_n if_o at_o this_o day_n a_o lease_n be_v make_v and_o that_o without_o fine_a or_o income_n yet_o such_o a_o lessee_n shall_v be_v receive_v to_o falsify_v the_o recovery_n have_v against_o his_o lessor_n notwithstanding_o the_o preamble_n of_o that_o statute_n seem_v to_o remedy_v no_o lessee_n but_o such_o as_o make_v fine_n and_o be_v make_v before_o that_o statute_n but_o the_o say_a word_n be_v not_o put_v in_o the_o body_n or_o enact_v part_n of_o the_o statute_n and_o so_o it_o be_v in_o our_o statute_n the_o word_n heretofore_o win_v be_v only_o put_v in_o the_o preamble_n and_o not_o in_o the_o material_a part_n of_o the_o law_n and_o so_o
the_o exposition_n be_v not_o to_o be_v tie_v hereto_o so_o notwithstanding_o this_o exception_n these_o ground_n though_o gain_v since_o the_o statute_n be_v within_o the_o relief_n thereof_o the_o second_o cause_n wherefore_o these_o new_a ground_n shall_v not_o be_v within_o this_o law_n be_v because_o these_o land_n be_v increase_v beyond_o the_o bound_n since_o the_o make_n of_o these_o law_n and_o so_o it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o they_o can_v extend_v to_o the_o new_a enlargement_n for_o mr._n blow_n in_o his_o com._n fol._n 129._o say_v that_o law_n com._n blow_n com._n and_o privilege_n tie_v to_o a_o certain_a place_n or_o precinct_n can_v be_v 129._o fol._n 129._o extend_v or_o enlarge_v beyond_o the_o ancient_a bound_n although_o the_o predinct_n be_v enlarge_v as_o the_o case_n in_o 7_o h._n 6._o fol._n 32._o 32._o 7_o h_n 6._o fol._n 32._o where_n in_o a_o nativo_fw-la habendo_fw-la a_o villain_n have_v remain_v a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n in_o london_n which_o be_v ancient_a demesn_a and_o there_o be_v a_o privilege_n that_o every_o villain_n and_o bondslave_n which_o have_v remain_v a_o day_n and_o a_o year_n in_o london_n the_o lord_n may_v not_o seize_v he_o and_o the_o villain_n plead_v that_o he_o have_v remain_v a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n there_o and_o so_o take_v himself_o to_o be_v within_o that_o privilege_n but_o because_o since_o the_o say_a liberty_n grant_v the_o bound_n of_o london_n be_v much_o increase_v therefore_o it_o be_v there_o hold_v that_o the_o say_a liberty_n and_o privilege_n do_v not_o extend_v to_o the_o new_a enlargement_n and_o the_o case_n be_v also_o put_v in_o the_o say_a comment_n that_o the_o bishop_n of_o durham_n have_v divers_a liberty_n in_o his_o land_n lie_v between_o the_o two_o river_n of_o tyne_n and_o tese_n and_o after_o he_o purchase_v other_o land_n there_o the_o say_a liberty_n do_v not_o extend_v to_o the_o say_v new_o purchase_v land_n and_o the_o like_a law_n be_v if_o one_o have_v a_o warren_n in_o his_o manor_n and_o land_n in_o dale_n after_o he_o purchase_v more_o ground_n there_o his_o warren_n do_v not_o extend_v unto_o they_o and_o so_o where_o one_o have_v by_o charter_n the_o land_n of_o person_n forfeit_v for_o treason_n he_o can_v not_o have_v by_o the_o say_v ancient_a charter_n land_n forfeit_v for_o treason_n by_o tenant_n in_o tail_n because_o the_o forfeiture_n of_o they_o be_v give_v by_o a_o late_a statute_n since_o the_o charter_n but_o his_o non_fw-la obstantibus_fw-la i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o this_o statute_n i_o now_o treat_v on_o extend_v to_o these_o new_a gain_v ground_n and_o i_o take_v a_o difference_n between_o a_o special_a law_n of_o privilege_n and_o liberty_n which_o be_v stint_v or_o bound_v either_o by_o statute_n charter_n or_o custom_n the_o same_o can_v by_o no_o construction_n be_v make_v to_o exceed_v the_o bound_n but_o the_o general_a law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n as_o this_o law_n of_o we_o be_v the_o extent_n thereof_o be_v as_o large_a as_o the_o whole_a realm_n be_v and_o they_o be_v not_o tie_v to_o stint_a limit_n as_o particular_a private_a charter_n and_o custom_n be_v and_o so_o i_o conclude_v that_o in_o point_n of_o extent_n this_o statute_n of_o 23_o h._n 8._o be_v tie_v to_o no_o other_o bound_n then_o to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n diversity_n between_o ground_n gain_v and_o ground_n leave_v the_o three_o matter_n be_v that_o which_o i_o have_v ground_v the_o conclusion_n of_o my_o case_n upon_o and_o that_o be_v whether_o the_o ground_n in_o my_o case_n new_o leave_v by_o the_o sea_n to_o the_o shore_n and_o the_o shore_n be_v such_o ground_n as_o be_v within_o this_o commission_n and_o in_o my_o opinion_n they_o be_v not_o and_o therefore_o to_o maintain_v my_o opinion_n herein_o i_o take_v a_o difference_n between_o ground_n leave_v by_o the_o sea_n and_o ground_n gain_v from_o the_o sea_n for_o ground_n leave_v be_v of_o no_o value_n and_o bring_v forth_o no_o fruit_n or_o increase_v at_o all_o but_o the_o uppermost_a part_n thereof_o be_v sand_n which_o these_o law_n take_v no_o hold_n of_o for_o the_o commission_n extend_v only_o to_o ground_n win_v and_o make_v profitable_a for_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o this_o realm_n which_o terra_n relicta_fw-la yield_v not_o for_o no_o profit_n at_o all_o thereof_o arise_v till_o the_o sand_n be_v in_v and_o gain_v and_o these_o law_n make_v the_o commissioner_n saviour_n and_o not_o gainer_n and_o therefore_o do_v extend_v the_o commission_n but_o to_o the_o utttermost_a bank_n and_o wall_n and_o leave_v the_o shore_n as_o ground_n possess_v by_o the_o sea_n and_o so_o be_v put_v pro_fw-la in_o defenso_fw-la by_o this_o law_n and_o therefore_o i_o do_v make_v my_o conclusion_n as_o follow_v first_o that_o the_o sea_n creek_n and_o bay_n be_v all_o within_o this_o statute_n in_o point_n of_o extent_n but_o that_o they_o and_o the_o shore_n and_o the_o relinquish_v ground_n be_v all_o of_o they_o out_o of_o this_o commission_n of_o sewer_n to_o be_v deal_v withal_o thereby_o second_o that_o port_n and_o havens_n be_v total_o the_o water_n as_o well_o as_o the_o wall_n and_o bank_n thereof_o within_o the_o commission_n of_o sewer_n three_o the_o shore_n and_o ground_n leave_v by_o the_o sea_n when_o they_o be_v put_v as_o in_o gainage_n be_v then_o and_o not_o before_o within_o the_o power_n of_o the_o commission_n of_o sewer_n four_o although_o the_o ground_n leave_v by_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o in_o point_n of_o defence_n within_o the_o commission_n of_o sewer_n yet_o a_o wall_n or_o bank_n may_v be_v thereon_o raise_v for_o the_o aid_n and_o succour_v of_o the_o country_n but_o not_o for_o any_o cause_n where_o the_o defence_n extend_v but_o to_o themselves_o and_o although_o the_o ground_n that_o have_v be_v gain_v from_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o county_n of_o lincoln_n and_o elsewhere_o in_o this_o realm_n yet_o that_o be_v do_v at_o the_o labour_n of_o private_a man_n and_o not_o by_o the_o commission_n of_o sewer_n which_o aim_v at_o the_o general_a good_a and_o not_o at_o private_a commodity_n so_o that_o super_fw-la totam_fw-la materiam_fw-la i_o be_o of_o opinion_n with_o the_o conclusion_n of_o my_o case_n that_o be_v that_o the_o say_v new_a island_n be_v the_o king_n the_o ground_n leave_v to_o the_o shore_n pertain_v to_o c._n the_o subject_n and_o that_o because_o they_o be_v all_o of_o they_o within_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n they_o be_v therefore_o within_o the_o extent_n of_o this_o statute_n but_o in_o regard_n they_o be_v ground_n leave_v only_o and_o not_o gain_v nor_o make_v profitable_a for_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o this_o realm_n they_o be_v not_o therefore_o within_o this_o commission_n and_o so_o i_o conclude_v my_o argument_n as_o i_o do_v my_o case_n in_o which_o i_o hope_v i_o have_v neither_o injure_v the_o subject_a in_o his_o private_a inheritance_n nor_o wrong_a prerogative_n in_o any_o point_n finis_fw-la primae_fw-la lecturae_fw-la initium_fw-la secundae_fw-la lecturae_fw-la forasmuch_o as_o the_o first_o day_n i_o go_v perambulation_n about_o the_o sea_n and_o of_o all_o which_o belong_v to_o her_o empire_n and_o dominion_n wherein_o i_o do_v survey_v her_o bound_n her_o quality_n and_o her_o government_n now_o i_o do_v intend_v to_o go_v a_o progress_n through_o the_o land_n and_o to_o take_v a_o view_n of_o the_o fair_a goodly_a river_n which_o make_v their_o voyage_n to_o the_o sea_n for_o these_o my_o statute_n have_v take_v into_o her_o protection_n and_o this_o second_o day_n i_o purpose_v to_o call_v a_o court_n of_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n and_o i_o do_v intend_v with_o your_o gentle_a patience_n to_o examine_v all_o the_o particular_n there_o arise_v and_o because_o the_o say_a statute_n of_o 23_o h._n 8._o must_v be_v my_o chief_a guide_n to_o direct_v my_o fair_a passage_n through_o these_o uncouth_a way_n i_o will_v pray_v aid_n thereon_o and_o i_o will_v now_o proceed_v to_o declare_v what_o business_n on_o land_n this_o law_n have_v undertake_v to_o defend_v and_o what_o offence_n it_o purpose_v to_o reform_v and_o according_o the_o say_a law_n do_v distribute_v itself_o into_o these_o particular_a branch_n i._o i._o first_o into_o matter_n of_o defence_n this_o statute_n maintain_v be_v these_o follow_v viz._n 1._o wall_n 2._o bank_n 3._o ditch_n 4._o gutter_n 5._o sewer_n 6._o goat_n 7._o calceys_n 8._o bridges_n second_o into_o matter_n of_o offence_n which_o this_o statute_n term_v let_v we_o impediment_n and_o annoyance_n which_o be_v to_o be_v put_v down_o or_o reform_v as_o cause_n shall_v require_v 1._o stream_n 2._o mill_n 3._o pond_n 4._o fishgarth_n 5._o mildam_n 6._o lock_n 7._o hebbingwer_n 8._o heck_n 9_o floodgate_n 10._o other_o like_a let_n and_o impediment_n and_o to_o the_o end_n i_o may_v full_o
bring_v against_o some_o of_o their_o officer_n and_o minister_n for_o execute_v their_o decree_n and_o warrant_n their_o lordship_n find_v in_o their_o wisdom_n that_o it_o can_v neither_o stand_v with_o law_n nor_o with_o common_a sense_n or_o reason_n that_o in_o a_o cause_n of_o so_o great_a consequent_a the_o law_n can_v be_v so_o void_a of_o providence_n as_o to_o restrain_v the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n from_o make_v new_a work_n to_o restrain_v the_o fury_n of_o the_o water_n aswell_o as_o to_o repair_v the_o old_a where_o necessity_n do_v require_v it_o for_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o country_n or_o to_o cause_v a_o charge_n upon_o the_o town_n or_o hundred_o in_o general_a that_o be_v interest_v in_o the_o benefit_n or_o loss_n without_o attend_v particular_a survey_n or_o admeasurement_n of_o acre_n when_o the_o service_n be_v to_o have_v speedy_a and_o sudden_a execution_n or_o that_o a_o commission_n of_o so_o high_a a_o nature_n and_o of_o so_o great_a use_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o evident_a necessity_n and_o of_o so_o ancient_a jurisdiction_n both_o before_o the_o statute_n and_o since_o shall_v want_v mean_n of_o coercion_n for_o obedience_n to_o their_o order_n warrant_n and_o decree_n when_o as_o the_o performance_n of_o they_o the_o preservation_n of_o many_o thousand_o of_o his_o majesty_n subject_n live_v good_n and_o land_n do_v depend_v it_o plain_o appear_v that_o it_o will_v be_v a_o direct_a frustrate_v and_o overthrow_n of_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o say_a commission_n of_o sewer_n if_o the_o commissioner_n their_o officer_n and_o minister_n shall_v be_v subject_a to_o every_o suit_n at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o delinquent_n in_o his_o majesty_n court_n of_o the_o common_a law_n and_o so_o to_o weary_a and_o discourage_v all_o man_n from_o do_v their_o duty_n in_o that_o behalf_n for_o the_o reason_n aforesaid_a and_o for_o the_o supreme_a reason_n above_o all_o reason_n which_o be_v the_o salvation_n of_o the_o king_n land_n and_o people_n their_o lordship_n do_v order_n that_o the_o person_n former_o commit_v by_o this_o board_n for_o their_o contempt_n concern_v this_o cause_n shall_v stand_v commit_v until_o they_o release_v or_o sufficient_o discharge_v such_o action_n suit_n and_o demand_n as_o they_o have_v bring_v at_o the_o common_a law_n against_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n or_o any_o the_o minister_n or_o officer_n of_o the_o say_a commission_n save_v unto_o they_o nevertheless_o any_o complaint_n or_o suit_n for_o any_o oppression_n or_o grievance_n before_o the_o court_n of_o sewer_n or_o this_o table_n if_o they_o receive_v not_o justice_n at_o the_o commissioner_n hand_n and_o their_o lordship_n further_a order_n that_o letter_n from_o the_o table_n shall_v be_v write_v to_o the_o commissioner_n of_o decree_n of_o like_a nature_n when_o it_o shall_v be_v find_v needful_a require_v encourage_v and_o warrant_v they_o to_o proceed_v in_o the_o execution_n of_o their_o several_a commission_n according_a unto_o former_a practice_n and_o usuage_v any_o late_a disturbance_n opposition_n or_o conceit_n of_o law_n whereupon_o the_o say_a disturbance_n have_v be_v ground_v notwithstanding_o with_o admonition_n nevertheless_o that_o care_n be_v take_v that_o there_o be_v no_o just_a cause_n of_o complaint_n give_v by_o any_o abuse_n of_o the_o say_a commission_n examinat_fw-la '_o per_fw-la edmund_n cleric_n '_o consilii_fw-la present_v at_o this_o order_n make_v be_v 1._o the_o king_n majesty_n in_o person_n 2._o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n 3._o l._n chancellor_n elsmeare_v 4._o l._n treasure_n earl_n of_o suffolk_n 5._o l._n steward_n d._n de_fw-fr lenox_n 6._o l._n admiral_n howard_n earl_n of_o nottingham_n 7._o l._n chamberlain_n earl_n of_o pembroke_n 8._o e._n of_o arundel_n howard_n 9_o viscount_n wallingford_n 10._o viscount_n fenton_n 11._o andrews_n bishop_n of_o ely_n 12._o lord_n wotton_n 13._o lord_n cary._n 14._o secretary_n winwood_n 15._o secretary_n lake_n 16._o sir_n foulk_n grevil_n chancellor_n of_o the_o exchequer_n 17._o master_n of_o the_o roll_n cesar_n 18._o sir_n francis_n bacon_n attorney-general_n all_o of_o they_o of_o the_o privy-councel_n this_o order_n be_v in_o some_o point_v legal_a and_o may_v stand_v for_o a_o direction_n in_o matter_n of_o law_n and_o the_o other_o part_n thereof_o may_v stand_v for_o a_o precedent_n of_o state_n and_o it_o thereby_o plain_o appear_v that_o the_o king_n learned_a counsel_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o say_v new_a work_n may_v be_v order_v and_o decree_v to_o be_v do_v by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n and_o that_o the_o same_o have_v warrant_n from_o former_a precedent_n but_o the_o last_o allegation_n on_o the_o contrary_a party_n be_v very_o forcible_a against_o this_o argument_n that_o by_o the_o make_n and_o erect_v of_o these_o new_a defence_n the_o inheritance_n of_o private_a person_n be_v thereby_o prejudice_v whereon_o they_o be_v build_v yet_o as_o cato_n say_v vix_fw-la ulla_fw-la lex_fw-la fieri_fw-la potest_fw-la quae_fw-la omnibus_fw-la utilis_fw-la sit_fw-la sed_fw-la si_fw-la majori_fw-la cato_n cato_n parti_fw-la proficiat_fw-la sufficit_fw-la and_o therefore_o this_o objection_n i_o thus_o answer_v that_o these_o new_a work_n be_v not_o to_o be_v undertake_v but_o upon_o urgent_a necessity_n in_o defence_n of_o the_o country_n or_o for_o the_o safety_n thereof_o so_o that_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v therein_o deep_o interest_v and_o engage_v and_o thing_n which_o concern_v the_o commonweal_n be_v of_o great_a account_n in_o the_o law_n than_o the_o interest_n of_o private_a person_n and_o so_o it_o be_v 13_o h._n 8._o fol._n 16._o that_o the_o commonwealth_n 8._o 13._o h._n 8._o shall_v be_v prefer_v before_o the_o private_a estate_n and_o for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n a_o private_a person_n shall_v receive_v damage_n if_o otherwise_o it_o can_v be_v eschew_v as_o a_o private_a man_n house_n shall_v be_v pull_v down_o if_o the_o next_o house_n thereto_o be_v on_o fire_n to_o save_v the_o town_n and_o the_o suburb_n of_o a_o city_n may_v be_v pull_v down_o in_o time_n of_o war_n to_o save_v the_o city_n and_o bulwark_n may_v be_v raise_v on_o private_a man_n ground_n for_o defence_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o what_o great_a enemy_n can_v there_o be_v then_o the_o sea_n who_o threaten_v with_o his_o merciless_a wave_n to_o swallow_v up_o all_o before_o it_o but_o that_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o almighty_a have_v tie_v 27._o pro_fw-la ch_n 8._o ver_fw-la 27._o and_o bind_v he_o in_o the_o fetter_n of_o his_o eternal_a decree_n and_o give_v policy_n and_o mean_n to_o man_n to_o keep_v he_o from_o invade_v the_o land_n by_o artificial_a work_n proper_a for_o such_o service_n therefore_o in_o my_o opinion_n by_o the_o very_a true_a intent_n and_o meaning_n of_o the_o say_a statute_n and_o by_o a_o just_a equal_a and_o reasonable_a construction_n it_o shall_v lie_v in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n upon_o just_a and_o urgent_a occasion_n and_o consideration_n to_o make_v order_n and_o decree_n for_o erect_v and_o make_v of_o new_a bank_n new_a wall_n goat_n stream_n sluice_n and_o other_o necessary_a defence_n against_o the_o overflow_a of_o the_o sea_n for_o ubi_fw-la nova_fw-la fit_a maris_fw-la incursio_fw-la ibi_fw-la novum_fw-la est_fw-la apponendum_fw-la remedium_fw-la with_o this_o caution_n that_o under_o the_o pretence_n of_o the_o commonweal_n a_o private_a man_n welfare_n be_v not_o intend_v to_o the_o charge_n trouble_n and_o burden_n of_o the_o country_n and_o with_o this_o also_o that_o where_o any_o man_n particular_a interest_n and_o inheritance_n be_v prejudice_v for_o the_o commonwealth_n cause_n by_o any_o such_o new_a erect_a work_n that_o that_o part_n of_o the_o country_n be_v order_v to_o recompense_v the_o same_o which_o have_v good_a thereby_o according_a as_o be_v wise_o and_o discreet_o order_v by_o two_o several_a statute_n the_o one_o make_v in_o anno_fw-la 27_o eliz._n cap._n 22._o 22._o 27_o el._n c._n 22._o rastal_n havens_n and_o rivers_n be_v where_o the_o commissioner_n have_v power_n to_o compound_v and_o agree_v with_o the_o lord_n and_o owner_n of_o the_o ground_n through_o which_o the_o new_a cut_n be_v to_o be_v make_v and_o the_o other_o 3_o jac._n reg._n cap._n for_o bring_v the_o new_a stream_n jac._n 3_o jac._n to_o london_n and_o although_o these_o statute_n hold_v not_o in_o the_o general_a case_n of_o sewer_n but_o be_v apply_v to_o the_o say_v particular_a matter_n therein_o express_v yet_o they_o may_v serve_v as_o good_a rule_n to_o direct_v our_o commissioner_n to_o imitate_v upon_o like_a occasion_n happen_v the_o second_o point_n upon_o this_o statute_n it_o appear_v by_o my_o case_n that_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n do_v decree_v a_o new_a bank_n to_o be_v raise_v and_o a_o new_a river_n to_o be_v cast_v and_o a_o old_a sewer_n to_o be_v repair_v upon_o their_o view_n survey_v
petty_a matter_n the_o lessee_n for_o year_n shall_v be_v at_o the_o sole_a charge_n for_o these_o may_v be_v spend_v in_o his_o own_o time_n so_o i_o suppose_v my_o meaning_n be_v herein_o well_o perceive_v which_o be_v that_o in_o petty_a annual_a and_o ordinary_a repair_n the_o lessee_n alone_o shall_v do_v the_o same_o but_o where_o the_o same_o want_n in_o great_a timber_n or_o when_o a_o new_a defence_n be_v to_o be_v build_v they_o shall_v both_o be_v at_o the_o charge_n and_o with_o this_o the_o statute_n of_o 7_o jac._n cap._n 20._o do_v direct_o in_o reason_n agree_v withal_o out_o of_o 20._o 7_o jac._n cap._n 20._o which_o statute_n it_o be_v plain_o to_o be_v observe_v that_o in_o the_o great_a repair_n as_o also_o in_o the_o new_a building_n as_o well_o the_o lessor_n as_o the_o lessee_n shall_v be_v both_o at_o the_o charge_n yet_o in_o the_o statute_n of_o 3_o ed._n 6._o cap._n 8._o there_o be_v a_o clause_n in_o effect_n that_o all_o lot_n scot_n and_o sum_n of_o money_n hereafter_o to_o be_v rate_v by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n upon_o the_o king_n land_n shall_v be_v gather_v or_o levy_v by_o distress_n on_o those_o ground_n as_o in_o case_n of_o other_o person_n and_o that_o all_o bill_n of_o acquittance_n sign_v with_o the_o hand_n of_o such_o receiver_n or_o collector_n shall_v be_v a_o sufficient_a warrant_n to_o the_o auditor_n and_o receiver_n and_o other_o the_o king_n officer_n for_o allowance_n to_o the_o farmer_n or_o tenant_n to_o the_o king_n majesty_n whereby_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o farmer_n of_o the_o king_n shall_v not_o be_v at_o the_o charge_n but_o his_o majesty_n yet_o by_o the_o statute_n 13_o eliz._n cap._n 9_o it_o may_v be_v collect_v that_o the_o lessor_n for_o year_n shall_v be_v charge_v but_o all_o 9_o 13_o eliz_n cap._n 9_o these_o be_v to_o be_v reconcile_v with_o my_o say_a diversity_n but_o now_o it_o may_v be_v object_v to_o i_o sir_n do_v you_o think_v it_o reasonable_a or_o possible_a for_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n to_o take_v notice_n at_o the_o nota._n nota._n first_o of_o every_o private_a man_n inheritance_n and_o the_o several_a estate_n which_o the_o party_n have_v therein_o when_o it_o will_v scarce_o be_v possible_a by_o private_a search_n to_o find_v they_o out_o to_o this_o i_o answer_v that_o it_o be_v not_o reasonable_a to_o tie_v the_o commissioner_n to_o such_o difficult_a and_o obscure_a business_n but_o it_o be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o commissioner_n to_o impose_v or_o lay_v the_o rate_n tax_v or_o sesse_v on_o the_o ground_n or_o on_o the_o visible_a possessor_n thereof_o and_o if_o the_o money_n so_o rate_v be_v demand_v on_o the_o lessee_n for_o year_n or_o for_o life_n or_o if_o the_o good_n be_v distrain_v therefore_o or_o they_o be_v compel_v to_o pay_v the_o same_o than_o they_o may_v come_v before_o the_o commissioner_n and_o show_v forth_o their_o lease_n and_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o i._o s._n have_v the_o reversion_n and_o as_o the_o case_n be_v to_o be_v charge_v as_o well_o as_o himself_o and_o upon_o due_a proof_n thereon_o make_v the_o commissioner_n upon_o hear_v the_o party_n on_o both_o side_n may_v apportion_v the_o tax_n on_o either_o of_o they_o as_o in_o justice_n discretion_n and_o true_a judgement_n be_v requisite_a and_o so_o if_o a_o tax_v be_v set_v upon_o land_n the_o owner_n may_v come_v in_o before_o the_o commissioner_n and_o make_v it_o to_o appear_v before_o they_o that_o i._o d._n have_v a_o common_a and_o rend_v thereout_o and_o upon_o proof_n thereof_o make_v the_o commissioner_n be_v to_o lay_v the_o charge_n according_o and_o so_o it_o shall_v not_o tie_v the_o commissioner_n at_o the_o first_o to_o lay_v the_o charge_n upon_o every_o particular_a person_n for_o that_o be_v opus_fw-la in_o finitum_fw-la &_o impossibile_fw-it but_o to_o relieve_v the_o party_n upon_o their_o complaint_n and_o this_o may_v be_v easy_o do_v and_o it_o stand_v with_o the_o justice_n of_o these_o law_n so_o to_o do_v and_o if_o the_o party_n grieve_v will_v not_o complain_v for_o relief_n let_v it_o be_v just_o account_v their_o own_o folly_n and_o no_o injustice_n of_o the_o commissioner_n for_o the_o very_a statute_n direct_v that_o such_o as_o be_v 12._o 1_o h._n 4._o ch_n 12._o grieve_v shall_v have_v relief_n upon_o their_o complaint_n which_o confirm_v my_o opinion_n in_o this_o point_n tax_n rate_n and_o sessment_n impose_v mere_o by_o the_o law_n of_o sewer_n i_o have_v former_o put_v nine_o several_a matter_n to_o tie_v man_n to_o the_o repair_v and_o this_o by_o the_o law_n of_o sewer_n be_v the_o last_o but_o not_o the_o least_o of_o they_o i_o propose_v these_o to_o be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o sewer_n because_o they_o be_v not_o back_v help_v aid_v or_o assist_v by_o custom_n prescription_n common_a right_n or_o by_o any_o other_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a law_n or_o by_o tenure_n or_o covenant_n or_o any_o act_n of_o the_o party_n as_o all_o the_o rest_n be_v but_o be_v only_o compose_v make_v order_v and_o direct_v by_o the_o sole_a power_n and_o authority_n of_o these_o law_n of_o sewer_n and_o these_o be_v such_o as_o fall_v out_o of_o all_o the_o fome_a rule_n and_o therefore_o in_o nova_fw-la causa_fw-la novum_fw-la remedium_fw-la est_fw-la adhibendum_fw-la but_o yet_o before_o i_o enter_v into_o my_o own_o work_n i_o will_v set_v down_o and_o declare_v the_o opinion_n deliver_v in_o rook_n and_o keighleys_n case_n which_o seem_v one_o of_o they_o opposite_a to_o the_o other_o for_o in_o rook_n case_v it_o be_v say_v that_o if_o one_o be_v bind_v in_o respect_n of_o his_o land_n to_o repair_v a_o wall_n or_o bank_n by_o tenure_n prescription_n or_o otherwise_o that_o yet_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n can_v not_o assess_v the_o say_a party_n alone_o to_o repair_v the_o same_o and_o say_v that_o the_o commissioner_n be_v not_o tie_v to_o the_o rule_n of_o prescription_n tenure_n custom_n or_o otherwise_o but_o aught_o to_o assess_v all_o the_o level_n to_o do_v the_o same_o which_o be_v to_o have_v good_a thereby_o but_o this_o be_v mistake_v be_v very_o just_o and_o discreet_o alter_v in_o the_o say_a case_n of_o keighley_n by_o the_o author_n himself_o for_o how_o can_v it_o be_v presume_v that_o the_o learned_a maker_n of_o this_o worthy_a law_n will_v have_v strike_v down_o at_o one_o blow_n so_o many_o thousand_o prescription_n custom_n tenor_n covenant_n and_o use_n as_o be_v within_o this_o realm_n which_o be_v tie_v and_o bind_v to_o do_v and_o make_v the_o repair_v in_o this_o kind_n some_o in_o consideration_n of_o house_n and_o land_n other_o for_o yearly_a rent_n and_o for_o other_o cause_n which_o to_o have_v set_v at_o liberty_n and_o to_o have_v impose_v the_o charge_n on_o the_o leveller_n will_v have_v wrought_v and_o bring_v a_o wondrous_a innovation_n change_n and_o alteration_n in_o these_o work_n all_o which_o by_o this_o exposition_n be_v free_v and_o save_v but_o yet_o there_o be_v certain_a case_n which_o of_o mere_a necessity_n lie_v the_o charge_n upon_o the_o level_n which_o be_v as_o follow_v the_o charge_n upon_o the_o level_n first_o if_o any_o ground_n be_v heretofore_o by_o custom_n prescription_n tenure_n or_o otherwise_o oblige_v and_o bind_v to_o repair_v any_o wall_n bank_n river_n sewer_n goat_n sluice_n jetty_a or_o other_o defence_n which_o ground_n so_o charge_v have_v be_v of_o late_o devour_v and_o overflow_v by_o the_o sea_n and_o so_o remain_v the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n be_v in_o that_o case_n tie_v to_o lay_v the_o charge_n now_o upon_o the_o level_n which_o stand_v in_o danger_n of_o take_v hurt_v by_o the_o not_o make_v the_o repair_v or_o which_o be_v to_o receive_v good_a by_o the_o do_v thereof_o second_o also_o if_o a._n b._n be_v bind_v by_o the_o tenure_n of_o his_o land_n to_o repair_v a_o bridge_n calcey_n or_o bank_n and_o he_o die_v without_o heir_n whereby_o the_o land_n escheat_v to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o fee_n in_o this_o case_n the_o tenure_n be_v end_v and_o the_o chief_a lord_n be_v not_o bind_v to_o the_o repair_v and_o therefore_o now_o the_o charge_n must_v lie_v on_o the_o the_o level_n and_o so_o be_v the_o law_n if_o this_o tenure_n have_v be_v in_o other_o sort_n extinguish_v three_o where_o no_o person_n or_o ground_n can_v be_v know_v which_o ought_v to_o make_v the_o repair_v by_o tenure_n prescription_n custom_n covenant_n or_o otherwise_o than_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n be_v to_o lay_v the_o charge_n on_o the_o level_n four_o if_o john_n à _fw-fr stile_n be_v chargeable_a to_o make_v the_o repair_v and_o be_v not_o able_a to_o do_v the_o same_o here_o the_o level_n be_v to_o be_v charge_v to_o assist_v he_o therein_o as_o appear_v in_o keighleys_n
argument_n as_o i_o do_v my_o case_n that_o the_o new_a bank_n new_a river_n and_o old_a sewer_n be_v well_o decree_v but_o that_o the_o assess_v be_v void_a in_o toto_fw-la &_o in_fw-la qualibet_fw-la parte_fw-la finis_fw-la secundae_fw-la lecturae_fw-la lectura_fw-la tertia_fw-la in_o my_o two_o precede_a case_n the_o main_a body_n of_o this_o great_a law_n be_v contrive_v and_o therefore_o i_o take_v a_o great_a &_o large_a compass_n in_o my_o argument_n therein_o then_o otherwise_o i_o will_v have_v do_v and_o i_o be_o now_o come_v to_o the_o execution_n of_o these_o law_n wherein_o the_o life_n and_o livelihood_n of_o all_o law_n consist_v and_o it_o may_v well_o be_v say_v of_o execution_n as_o mr._n plowden_n in_o zouch_n and_o stowel_n case_n come_v blow_n come_v in_o his_o commentary_n fol._n 358._o say_v of_o a_o fine_a that_o it_o be_v finis_fw-la fructus_fw-la exitus_fw-la &_o effectus_fw-la legis_fw-la so_o be_v execution_n the_o fruit_n issue_n and_o end_n of_o the_o law_n and_o without_o it_o nothing_o be_v effectual_a and_o till_o it_o come_v nothing_o be_v material_a for_o to_o begin_v a_o suit_n and_o stay_v at_o the_o declaration_n be_v a_o fruitless_a enterprise_n and_o to_o proceed_v on_o to_o judgement_n and_o to_o go_v no_o further_o be_v like_o a_o traveller_n which_o undertake_v a_o journey_n and_o return_n or_o sit_v down_o without_o further_a move_a before_o he_o come_v at_o the_o end_n of_o his_o intend_a progress_n law_n as_o cicero_n say_v be_v but_o mutus_fw-la magistratus_fw-la the_o magistrate_n be_v lex_fw-la loquens_fw-la but_o i_o shall_v add_v something_o which_o cicero_n cicero_n upon_o the_o matter_n be_v the_o sum_n of_o all_o thing_n that_o be_v that_o executio_fw-la est_fw-la lex_fw-la agens_fw-la and_o because_o i_o esteem_v the_o time_n to_o be_v almost_o lose_v or_o misspend_v which_o be_v prologue_v out_o in_o preamble_n i_o will_v therefore_o now_o brief_o divide_v this_o part_n of_o this_o statute_n into_o these_o ensue_a head_n either_o in_o punish_v the_o body_n and_o person_n of_o the_o delinquent_n with_o imprisonment_n fine_a or_o amerciament_n or_o in_o do_v execution_n upon_o the_o offender_n good_n by_o distress_n or_o by_o the_o absolute_a sale_n thereof_o or_o otherwise_o in_o extend_v upon_o the_o real_a estate_n by_o charge_v the_o land_n in_o perpetuity_n or_o temporary_o or_o by_o the_o absolute_a sale_n thereof_o the_o true_a and_o due_a execution_n of_o all_o these_o in_o a_o just_a legal_a equal_a and_o qualify_a decree_n require_v of_o all_o other_o part_n of_o law_n this_o great_a and_o true_a discretion_n consideration_n wisdom_n and_o judgement_n of_o the_o commissioner_n and_o i_o take_v it_o it_o may_v stand_v as_o a_o ground_n infallible_a that_o there_o be_v as_o many_o degree_n of_o punishment_n as_o there_o be_v offence_n it_o behoove_v therefore_o the_o commissioner_n to_o be_v circumspect_a that_o they_o apply_v to_o every_o offence_n his_o due_a punishment_n for_o it_o be_v injustice_n to_o punish_v the_o offence_n commit_v in_o a_o wrong_a degree_n to_o pronounce_v a_o traitor_n judgement_n upon_o a_o felon_n or_o a_o felon_n judgement_n upon_o a_o traitor_n be_v grand_a misprision_n to_o imprison_v the_o body_n or_o to_o fine_a the_o person_n where_o a_o amerciament_n be_v only_o due_a be_v not_o only_a injustice_n in_o the_o commissioner_n but_o thereby_o also_o their_o discretion_n be_v to_o be_v draw_v in_o question_n and_o censure_v and_o see_v the_o statute_n do_v so_o much_o lie_v upon_o discretion_n of_o the_o commissioner_n as_o in_o many_o part_n of_o this_o law_n it_o be_v mention_v it_o seem_v the_o parliament_n do_v give_v they_o to_o understand_v that_o such_o as_o be_v to_o meddle_v in_o those_o affair_n shall_v be_v both_o discreet_a and_o wise_a and_o shall_v strive_v to_o become_v learn_v in_o those_o affair_n and_o therefore_o for_o the_o better_a furnish_n of_o they_o with_o the_o true_a understanding_n of_o the_o say_a part_n of_o this_o statute_n i_o have_v frame_v a_o case_n thereupon_o which_o do_v give_v just_a occasion_n to_o treat_v full_o of_o they_o all_o the_o three_o case_n a._n give_v the_o office_n of_o a_o ranger_n of_o a_o forest_n to_o which_o a_o manor_n be_v belong_v to_o i._o s._n &_o abnepti_n and_o to_o the_o heir_n male_n and_o female_n of_o their_o body_n in_o frank_a marriage_n and_o die_v b._n and_o c._n their_o legitimate_a son_n and_o daughter_n and_o d._n their_o bastard_n daughter_n enter_v and_o die_v in_o seisin_n and_o e._n her_o daughter_n enter_v the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n at_o a_o court_n make_v a_o law_n that_o a_o goat_n shall_v be_v repair_v and_o assess_v several_o a._n b._n c._n and_o e._n to_o do_v it_o upon_o surmise_n that_o they_o all_o have_v benefit_n b._n and_o c._n refuse_v to_o obey_v for_o which_o b._n be_v imprison_v and_o c._n be_v fine_v a._n and_o e._n tender_a plea_n of_o discharge_n which_o be_v refuse_v and_o they_o be_v several_o amerce_v and_o a_o law_n make_v that_o a._n shall_v be_v distrain_v and_o for_o nonpayment_n the_o distress_n to_o be_v sell_v without_o allowance_n of_o replevin_n and_o the_o interest_n of_o e._n shall_v be_v also_o sell_v because_o she_o have_v nothing_o to_o be_v distrain_v by_o i_o conclude_v the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v do_v due_a justice_n upon_o the_o offender_n in_o every_o part_n of_o this_o law_n argumentum_fw-la lectoris_fw-la the_o passage_n of_o this_o case_n be_v both_o at_o the_o common_a law_n and_o by_o this_o statute_n the_o common_a law_n be_v the_o mean_n but_o the_o statute_n be_v the_o matter_n i_o must_v insist_v upon_o but_o see_v the_o statute_n law_n can_v receive_v no_o due_a construction_n but_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a law_n i_o have_v therefore_o make_v a_o harmonial_a composition_n of_o they_o both_o in_o my_o case_n and_o i_o do_v distinguish_v and_o branch_v out_o my_o case_n into_o these_o ensue_a point_n point_n at_o the_o common_a law_n imprimis_fw-la whether_o this_o office_n may_v be_v entail_v or_o not_o second_o whether_o it_o be_v a_o ordinary_a entail_n or_o a_o frank-mariage_n three_o whether_o the_o bastard_n be_v inheritable_a to_o this_o estate_n or_o not_o point_n upon_o the_o statute_n first_o whether_o the_o commissioner_n have_v a_o court_n or_o only_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o commission_n without_o a_o court_n second_o whether_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v power_n to_o imprison_v and_o to_o fine_a if_o so_o then_o whether_o they_o have_v well_o behave_v themselves_o in_o this_o case_n or_o not_o three_o whether_o this_o law_n do_v admit_v of_o any_o plea_n and_o especial_o of_o plea_n of_o discharge_n four_o whether_o the_o law_n make_v touch_v the_o distress_n be_v well_o make_v because_o it_o seem_v prima_fw-la fancy_n to_o oppose_v a_o main_a point_n of_o the_o common_a law_n in_o deny_v of_o replevin_n five_o and_o last_o if_o the_o law_n make_v for_o sale_n of_o land_n of_o tenement_n in_o tail_n be_v warrant_v by_o this_o statute_n or_o not_o these_o be_v the_o material_n of_o this_o case_n wherein_o you_o may_v perceive_v by_o the_o beginning_n what_o you_o be_v to_o expect_v in_o the_o sequel_n and_o conclusion_n of_o my_o argument_n these_o point_n upon_o the_o statute_n be_v of_o great_a consequence_n and_o importance_n and_o tend_v much_o into_o the_o power_n of_o these_o law_n in_o the_o handle_n whereof_o according_a to_o my_o wont_a fashion_n i_o intend_v to_o maintain_v the_o affirmative_n of_o my_o case_n first_o point_n i_o do_v not_o intend_v it_o a_o point_n of_o any_o importance_n in_o my_o case_n whether_o land_n may_v belong_v to_o a_o office_n for_o that_o in_o the_o 1_o h._n 7._o fol._n 28._o in_o sir_n robert_n crofts_n case_n it_o be_v resolve_v it_o may_v for_o there_o land_n do_v belong_v to_o the_o office_n 7._o 1_o h._n 7._o of_o a_o forester_n and_o may_v belong_v to_o the_o office_n of_o the_o warden_n of_o the_o fleet_n and_o also_o to_o a_o corody_n which_o be_v no_o office_n and_o these_o as_o well_o as_o to_o a_o spiritual_a office_n parson_n vicar_n prebend_n or_o such_o like_a but_o whether_o or_o no_o these_o land_n may_v be_v part_v from_o the_o office_n by_o alienation_n i_o think_v that_o a_o argumentable_a point_n in_o 6_o h._n 8._o dyer_n f._n 2._o empsons_n case_n it_o be_v say_v 8._o 6_o h._n 8._o if_o the_o king_n create_v a_o duke_n &_o grant_v to_o he_o a_o anuity_n to_o maintain_v his_o dignity_n that_o annuity_n be_v so_o incident_a to_o his_o dignity_n as_o it_o can_v not_o be_v sever_v therefrom_o and_o so_o of_o land_n belong_v to_o a_o parson_n vicar_n bishop_n or_o such_o like_a because_o they_o be_v give_v to_o the_o maintenance_n of_o they_o in_o their_o place_n and_o therefore_o if_o these_o be_v sever_v they_o may_v be_v recontinue_a
give_v evil_a language_n to_o commissioner_n in_o court_n or_o disturb_v the_o peace_n there_o or_o hinder_v the_o business_n of_o the_o court_n in_o a_o turbulent_a fashion_n he_o may_v be_v by_o they_o fine_v or_o commit_v to_o prison_n or_o both_o at_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o commissioner_n for_o by_o 34_o h._n 6._o fol._n 24._o in_o every_o case_n when_o a_o man_n be_v fine_v he_o may_v be_v imprison_v and_o by_o 19_o h._n 6._o fol._n 67_o in_o every_o case_n where_o one_o be_v imprison_v he_o may_v be_v fine_v and_o 6._o 34_o h._n 6._o our_o law_n in_o express_a word_n give_v the_o commissioner_n power_n 6._o 19_o h._n 6._o to_o set_v fine_n and_o then_o by_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o say_a book_n ex_fw-la consequenti_fw-la they_o may_v imprison_v if_o one_o oppose_v against_o a_o law_n of_o sewer_n not_o legal_o in_o question_v the_o same_o but_o refractory_a contemn_v thereof_o or_o by_o dissuade_v person_n assess_v not_o to_o pay_v such_o or_o not_o to_o obey_v the_o law_n i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o a_o person_n be_v both_o fineable_a and_o imprisonable_a and_o if_o this_o be_v do_v in_o fancy_n curiae_fw-la it_o aggravate_v the_o contempt_n and_o this_o be_v the_o rebel_n which_o this_o statute_n speak_v of_o if_o one_o do_v refuse_v to_o obey_v the_o decree_n rule_n order_n of_o the_o court_n especial_o if_o it_o be_v do_v in_o affront_n of_o the_o commissioner_n when_o they_o be_v in_o execution_n of_o their_o commission_n this_o be_v a_o contempt_n and_o he_o be_v to_o be_v imprison_v for_o such_o his_o disobedience_n and_o this_o agree_v with_o 37_o h._n 6._o fol._n 14._o in_o termino_fw-la pasche_n 12_o jac._n in_o the_o king_n bench_n the_o case_n 6._o 37._o h._n 6._o there_o be_v in_o debate_n between_o hitley_n and_o carier_n where_o certain_a jac._n 12_o jac._n commissioner_n of_o sewer_n in_o the_o county_n of_o huntingdon_n and_o northampton_n make_v a_o law_n that_o certain_a township_n in_o those_o county_n be_v assess_v to_o a_o work_n of_o sewer_n and_o one_o town_n be_v rate_v to_o five_o pound_n and_o because_o the_o same_o be_v not_o pay_v the_o commissioner_n cause_v a_o warrant_n to_o be_v direct_v to_o the_o say_a carrier_n to_o distrain_v for_o it_o and_o he_o distrain_v the_o cattle_n of_o hetley_n one_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o hetley_n bring_v a_o action_n of_o trespass_n in_o the_o king_n bench_n against_o carier_n and_o arrest_v he_o thereupon_o and_o upon_o complaint_n make_v to_o sir_n anthony_n mildmay_n and_o sir_n john_n boyer_n knight_n and_o other_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n they_o cause_v hetley_n to_o be_v attach_v by_o their_o warrant_n and_o commit_v he_o till_o he_o shall_v release_v his_o action_n bring_v against_o carier_n and_o until_o he_o shall_v be_v deliver_v out_o of_o the_o prison_n by_o warrant_n to_o be_v grant_v by_o they_o but_o afterward_o hetley_n procure_v a_o habeas_fw-la corpus_fw-la cum_fw-la causa_fw-la out_o of_o the_o king_n bench_n and_o be_v remove_v where_o all_o the_o say_a matter_n appear_v and_o thereupon_o attachment_n be_v award_v against_o the_o say_a commissioner_n and_o sir_n john_n boyer_n appear_v be_v by_o cook_n chief_a justice_n crook_n dodderidg_n and_o houghton_n justice_n commit_v to_o the_o king_n bench_n prison_n and_o be_v fine_v two_o hundred_o pound_n but_o be_v after_o deliver_v exit_fw-la favore_fw-la regis_fw-la sed_fw-la non_fw-la ex_fw-la rigore_fw-la legis_fw-la and_o in_o my_o opinion_n the_o say_a commissioner_n in_o this_o case_n in_o make_v a_o warrant_n to_o attach_v hetley_n and_o in_o imprison_v of_o he_o for_o the_o say_a cause_n do_v exceed_o err_v and_o the_o rather_o because_o they_o take_v upon_o they_o to_o over-rule_v the_o justice_n of_o the_o king_n bench_n be_v of_o a_o high_a and_o great_a authority_n than_o they_o be_v of_o but_o this_o be_v no_o precedent_n to_o impeach_v the_o power_n of_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n for_o commit_v person_n offend_v their_o authority_n to_o prison_n if_o their_o proceed_n therein_o be_v consonant_a to_o the_o law_n of_o this_o realm_n but_o they_o be_v punish_v in_o this_o case_n not_o for_o execute_v their_o power_n but_o for_o exceed_v their_o limit_n and_o the_o bound_n of_o their_o commission_n if_o a_o collector_n or_o expenditor_n or_o other_o officer_n of_o sewer_n have_v be_v negligent_a in_o the_o execution_n of_o his_o office_n and_o place_n he_o his_o fineable_a therefore_o though_o his_o offence_n be_v but_o neglect_n because_o he_o be_v a_o officer_n and_o be_v also_o swear_v to_o execute_v the_o same_o due_o but_o i_o take_v it_o a_o neglect_n in_o another_o ordinary_a person_n be_v not_o to_o be_v punish_v and_o if_o one_o be_v rate_v to_o pay_v towards_o repair_n and_o he_o neglect_v to_o pay_v the_o same_o at_o the_o day_n and_o time_n appoint_v he_o be_v not_o fineable_a therefore_o but_o be_v to_o be_v amerce_v in_o this_o case_n if_o a_o collector_n or_o officer_n of_o sewer_n do_v distrain_v a_o man_n or_o do_v any_o other_o act_n contrary_a to_o a_o inhibition_n of_o sewer_n to_o he_o direct_v by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n he_o may_v be_v fine_v and_o imprison_v &_o simile_n factum_fw-la fuit_fw-la in_o 7_o h._n 4._o fol._n 33._o 4._o 7_o h._n 4._o if_o a_o purpresture_n be_v commit_v in_o the_o king_n stream_n as_o in_o fix_v pile_n or_o stake_n therein_o or_o in_o stop_v straighten_a or_o divert_v the_o course_n of_o the_o water_n from_o their_o ancient_a channel_n or_o course_n these_o offence_n be_v present_v the_o offender_n be_v fineable_a therefore_o if_o in_o the_o presentment_n they_o be_v find_v to_o be_v do_v vi_o &_o armis_fw-la or_o be_v present_v by_o the_o name_n of_o purpresture_n for_o by_o 19_o h._n 6._o fol._n 8._o if_o the_o offence_n be_v do_v 6._o 19_o h._n 6._o with_o force_n and_o so_o present_v than_o the_o offender_n be_v fineable_a case_n beecher_n case_n but_o otherwise_o it_o be_v if_o the_o offence_n be_v not_o find_v but_o omit_v for_o then_o a_o amerciament_n be_v only_o due_a and_o it_o be_v say_v in_o dier_n 7_o eliz._n fol._n 240._o that_o for_o a_o purpresture_n one_o be_v fineable_a and_o a_o purpresture_n may_v be_v commit_v in_o aquis_fw-la regiis_fw-la as_o well_o 240._o 1_o eliz._n fol._n 240._o as_o in_o viis_fw-la regiis_fw-la by_o the_o opinion_n of_o glanvil_n and_o in_o keleways_n report_n fol._n 141._o and_o a_o purpresture_n be_v take_v to_o be_v a_o offence_n do_v to_o the_o king_n immediate_o or_o to_o his_o possession_n but_o if_o the_o like_a offence_n purpresture_n purpresture_n be_v do_v to_o a_o subject_a or_o to_o his_o land_n it_o be_v term_v a_o nusans_a nusans_n nusans_n the_o abbot_n of_o mellefont_n be_v fine_v for_o erect_v a_o be_v in_o the_o royal_a river_n of_o boyne_n in_o ireland_n which_o be_v express_v in_o the_o irish_a report_n in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o royal_a pischary_n of_o the_o ban_n in_o ireland_n and_o this_o be_v a_o purpresture_n if_o one_o do_v refuse_v to_o accept_v a_o office_n of_o sewer_n be_v thereto_o due_o elect_v by_o the_o commissioner_n he_o be_v fineable_a therefore_o for_o in_o greslies_n case_n 8._o report_n one_o be_v elect_v case_n greslies_n case_n and_o choose_a constable_n do_v refuse_v to_o take_v the_o office_n and_o he_o be_v fine_v and_o if_o a_o officer_n do_v misdemean_v himself_o in_o his_o office_n he_o be_v fineable_a for_o in_o 10_o h._n 6._o fol._n 6._o a_o tythingman_n do_v refuse_v 6._o 10._o h._n 6._o to_o make_v presentment_n be_v thereto_o require_v and_o he_o be_v fine_v therefore_o so_o in_o case_n of_o the_o sewer_n if_o one_o of_o the_o jury_n or_o which_o be_v a_o surveyor_n refuse_v to_o make_v presentment_n when_o he_o be_v require_v by_o the_o commissioner_n he_o be_v to_o be_v fine_v so_o if_o a_o juror_n depart_v after_o he_o be_v swear_v on_o the_o jury_n or_o before_o he_o be_v swear_v after_o his_o appearance_n be_v record_v he_o be_v to_o be_v fine_v and_o if_o a_o expenditor_n or_o collector_n officer_n of_o sewer_n be_v require_v by_o the_o court_n to_o account_v for_o the_o money_n receive_v and_o lay_v out_o by_o they_o and_o they_o refuse_v they_o may_v be_v punish_v by_o fine_n and_o if_o the_o sheriff_n upon_o writ_n or_o warrant_n direct_v to_o he_o to_o return_v a_o jury_n before_o the_o commissioner_n and_o he_o make_v no_o return_n thereof_o nor_o do_v not_o attend_v when_o he_o be_v require_v he_o be_v to_o be_v fine_v by_o the_o commissioner_n also_o a_o officer_n of_o this_o court_n be_v fineable_a for_o falsity_n do_v by_o he_o in_o his_o office_n for_o these_o be_v a_o violation_n of_o his_o oath_n and_o be_v a_o breach_n of_o that_o trust_n which_o the_o court_n repose_v in_o he_o at_o his_o election_n and_o entrance_n
perpetual_a charge_n by_o any_o power_n or_o authority_n give_v by_o this_o statute_n but_o in_o the_o say_a case_n of_o romney_n marsh_n the_o custom_n there_o maintain_v this_o point_n yet_o not_o a_o bene_fw-la verba_fw-la huius_fw-la statuti_fw-la which_o be_v these_o viz._n and_o to_o make_v and_o ordain_v statute_n ordinance_n and_o provision_n from_o time_n to_o time_n as_o the_o case_n shall_v require_v for_o the_o safeguard_n conservation_n redress_n correction_n or_o reformation_n of_o the_o premise_n and_o every_o of_o they_o and_o the_o party_n liable_a to_o the_o same_o necessary_a and_o behooveful_a after_o the_o law_n &_o custom_n of_o romney_n marsh_n in_o the_o county_n of_o kent_n or_o otherwise_o by_o any_o way_n or_o mean_n after_o their_o own_o wisdom_n and_o discretion_n these_o be_v the_o word_n and_o this_o be_v the_o clause_n which_o must_v make_v good_a this_o perpetual_a charge_n for_o that_o it_o do_v former_o appear_v that_o such_o like_a law_n and_o custom_n there_o be_v in_o romney_n marsh_n as_o this_o be_v and_o therefore_o i_o may_v conclude_v this_o point_n that_o the_o commissioner_n in_o imitation_n of_o the_o say_a ordinance_n of_o romney_n marsh_n may_v make_v decree_n to_o bind_v land_n to_o perpetual_a charge_n yet_o sir_n edward_n cook_n in_o keighlies_n case_n set_v it_o down_o as_o resolve_v that_o the_o several_a commissioner_n of_o sewer_n throughout_o all_o england_n be_v not_o bind_v to_o pursue_v the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o romney_n marsh_n but_o in_o case_n where_o some_o particular_a place_n within_o their_o commission_n have_v such_o law_n &_o custom_n as_o romney_n marsh_n have_v there_o they_o may_v pursue_v they_o but_o in_o my_o own_o opinion_n the_o commissioner_n may_v if_o they_o please_v make_v ordinance_n and_o law_n like_v to_o those_o of_o romney_n marsh_n where_o there_o have_v not_o be_v any_o such_o use_n and_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n as_o i_o take_v it_o will_v bear_v that_o construction_n and_o the_o say_a opinion_n of_o sir_n edward_n cook_n be_v not_o direct_o against_o this_o and_o upon_o decree_n for_o sale_n of_o land_n it_o be_v usual_a in_o these_o decree_n to_o bind_v those_o land_n to_o the_o perpetual_a repair_n sales_n of_o land_n the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n which_o be_v make_v for_o sale_n of_o land_n be_v these_o provide_v always_o that_o if_o any_o person_n or_o person_n be_v assess_v or_o tax_v to_o any_o lot_n or_o charge_n for_o any_o land_n tenement_n or_o hereditament_n within_o the_o limit_n of_o any_o commission_n hereafter_o to_o be_v direct_v do_v not_o pay_v the_o say_a lot_n and_o charge_n according_a to_o the_o order_n and_o assignment_n of_o the_o commissioner_n have_v power_n of_o the_o execution_n of_o the_o say_a commission_n etc._n etc._n by_o reason_n whereof_o if_o it_o shall_v happen_v the_o say_a commissioner_n for_o lack_v of_o payment_n of_o such_o lot_n &_o charge_n to_o decree_n and_o ordain_v the_o say_a land_n and_o tenement_n from_o the_o owner_n or_o owner_n thereof_o and_o their_o heir_n and_o the_o heir_n of_o every_o of_o they_o to_o any_o person_n or_o person_n for_o term_n of_o year_n term_v of_o life_n fee_fw-mi simple_a or_o fee_n tail_n for_o payment_n of_o the_o same_o lot_n and_o charge_n then_o every_o such_o decree_n and_o ordinance_n so_o by_o they_o ingross_v into_o parchment_n and_o certify_v under_o their_o seal_n into_o the_o king_n court_n of_o chancery_n with_o the_o king_n royal_a assent_n have_v to_o the_o same_o shall_v bind_v all_o and_o every_o person_n and_o person_n that_o at_o the_o make_n of_o the_o same_o decree_n have_v any_o interest_n in_o such_o land_n tenement_n and_o hereditament_n in_o use_n possession_n reversion_n or_o remainder_n their_o heir_n and_o feoffee_n and_o every_o of_o they_o and_o not_o to_o be_v in_o any_o wise_a reform_a unless_o it_o be_v by_o authority_n in_o parliament_n hereafter_o to_o be_v summon_v and_o hold_v within_o the_o realm_n and_o also_o that_o the_o same_o law_n ordinance_n and_o decree_n to_o be_v make_v and_o ordain_v by_o the_o commissioner_n or_o any_o six_o of_o they_o by_o authority_n of_o the_o say_a commission_n shall_v bind_v as_o well_o the_o land_n tenement_n and_o hereditament_n of_o our_o sovereign_n the_o king_n as_o all_z and_o every_o other_o person_n and_o person_n and_o their_o heir_n and_o such_o their_o interest_n as_o they_o shall_v fortune_n to_o have_v in_o any_o land_n tenement_n and_o hereditament_n or_o other_o casual_a profit_n advantage_n or_o commodity_n whatsoever_o they_o be_v whereunto_o the_o say_v law_n ordinance_n and_o decree_n shall_v in_o any_o wise_a extend_v according_a to_o the_o true_a purport_n meaning_n and_o intent_n of_o the_o say_a law_n this_o clause_n or_o proviso_n be_v strange_o place_v in_o this_o statute_n as_o if_o this_o statute_n have_v not_o be_v the_o first_o father_n of_o it_o and_o as_o if_o this_o law_n have_v make_v some_o addition_n to_o a_o former_a law_n but_o i_o take_v it_o that_o this_o statute_n be_v and_o be_v the_o first_o and_o only_a law_n which_o give_v sale_n of_o land_n in_o case_n of_o sewer_n and_o this_o clause_n stand_v upon_o these_o four_o pillar_n imprimis_fw-la for_o what_o cause_n land_n may_v be_v sell_v by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n second_o what_o land_n be_v to_o be_v sell_v within_o these_o law_n three_o what_o person_n what_o estate_n and_o interest_n be_v to_o be_v bind_v thereby_o four_o to_o what_o person_n these_o land_n may_v be_v sell_v or_o decree_v the_o statute_n be_v if_o any_o person_n sess_v do_v not_o pay_v whereby_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o land_n be_v to_o be_v sell_v for_o sess_v and_o charge_v impose_v by_o the_o commissioner_n which_o lie_v in_o payment_n only_o and_o they_o may_v not_o be_v decree_v away_o for_o any_o other_o cause_n or_o matter_n and_o therefore_o if_o one_o hold_v his_o land_n to_o repair_v a_o wall_n bank_n sewer_n or_o other_o work_n of_o sewer_n and_o he_o neglect_v to_o repair_v the_o same_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n can_v for_o this_o cause_n decree_v the_o land_n away_o from_o the_o owner_n because_o this_o charge_n lie_v not_o in_o payment_n and_o i_o can_v gather_v out_o of_o the_o word_n of_o this_o statute_n that_o land_n can_v be_v decree_v for_o any_o cause_n then_o for_o nonpayment_n of_o a_o lot_n sess_n or_o charge_n by_o reason_n this_o word_n payment_n be_v reiterated_a three_o or_o four_o time_n in_o this_o branch_n of_o the_o statute_n and_o no_o other_o word_n be_v couple_v with_o it_o to_o infer_v any_o other_o or_o large_a exposition_n if_o i._o s._n do_v hold_v his_o land_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n by_o the_o payment_n of_o twenty_o shilling_n yearly_a or_o other_o sum_n towards_o the_o repair_n of_o a_o work_n of_o sewer_n and_o he_o do_v neglect_v to_o pay_v the_o same_o whereby_o the_o work_n be_v unrepaired_a although_o this_o be_v a_o charge_n which_o lie_v in_o payment_n yet_o because_o it_o grow_v due_a by_o tenure_n by_o the_o common_a law_n and_o be_v not_o impose_v by_o the_o force_n of_o this_o statute_n therefore_o the_o land_n of_o i._o s._n can_v be_v decree_v from_o he_o by_o the_o nonpayment_n thereof_o by_o the_o tenor_n and_o virtue_n of_o this_o law_n of_o sewer_n but_o if_o the_o land_n of_o one_o be_v general_o charge_v to_o repair_v such_o a_o wall_n or_o other_o work_n of_o sewer_n by_o prescription_n covenant_n or_o otherwise_o and_o the_o commissioner_n impose_v a_o sesse_v and_o rate_v upon_o he_o to_o repair_v it_o and_o he_o do_v not_o there_o in_o this_o case_n although_o the_o charge_n be_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a law_n yet_o because_o the_o sesse_v and_o rate_n be_v set_v upon_o he_o by_o the_o power_n of_o this_o statute_n i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o for_o neglect_v of_o payment_n the_o say_a land_n may_v be_v sell_v by_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n so_o if_o one_o do_v hold_v his_o land_n for_o the_o payment_n of_o twenty_o shilling_n to_o repair_v a_o bank_n and_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n do_v order_v the_o party_n to_o pay_v the_o twenty_o shilling_n at_o a_o time_n by_o they_o prescribe_v not_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o usual_a day_n of_o payment_n and_o he_o do_v neglect_v to_o pay_v the_o commissioner_n may_v decree_v his_o land_n from_o he_o because_o this_o charge_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o say_a order_n have_v get_v the_o force_n and_o power_n of_o this_o statute_n if_o a_o charge_n be_v general_o lay_v upon_o a_o township_n hundred_o or_o rape_n which_o be_v not_o pay_v according_a to_o the_o commissioner_n order_n no_o land_n can_v be_v decree_v in_o this_o case_n because_o no_o person_n or_o land_n be_v in_o this_o case_n particular_o charge_v and_o the_o
attaint_v of_o treason_n shall_v forfeit_v the_o land_n whereof_o he_o be_v seize_v of_o any_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n and_o by_o this_o statute_n entail_v land_n be_v forfeit_v and_o the_o word_n of_o any_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n be_v the_o word_n which_o give_v that_o forfeiture_n the_o one_o in_o fee_n simple_a the_o other_o in_o fee_n tail_n and_o the_o word_n any_o presuppose_v more_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n than_o one_o but_o whether_o a_o decree_n of_o sale_n of_o land_n make_v by_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n shall_v bind_v the_o heir_n in_o tail_n be_v the_o point_n of_o my_o case_n and_o in_o my_o opinion_n i_o think_v they_o shall_v be_v bar_v for_o the_o cause_n and_o reason_n follow_v first_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o sewer_n be_v that_o such_o a_o decree_n shall_v bind_v all_o and_o every_o person_n and_o person_n that_o at_o the_o make_n of_o the_o same_o decree_n have_v any_o interest_n in_o such_o land_n tenement_n &_o hereditament_n in_o uso_n possession_n remainder_n or_o reversion_n their_o heir_n and_o assign_v so_o that_o by_o express_a word_n it_o bind_v the_o heir_n and_o it_o will_v have_v bind_v the_o heir_n of_o a_o tenant_n in_o fee_n simple_a without_o the_o word_n heir_n express_v in_o the_o statute_n therefore_o the_o word_n heir_n need_v not_o but_o only_o for_o the_o bind_n of_o the_o heir_n in_o tail_n also_o if_o these_o land_n be_v charge_v by_o prescription_n as_o many_o land_n be_v than_o be_v the_o land_n original_o bind_v and_o the_o heir_n in_o tail_n stand_v charge_v with_o these_o sess_v as_o well_o as_o land_n in_o fee_n simple_a and_o last_o this_o be_v a_o law_n enact_v for_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o commonweal_n and_o be_v more_o to_o be_v favour_v then_o particular_a estate_n of_o heir_n in_o tail_n but_o the_o case_n of_o the_o praemunire_n be_v penal_a in_o point_n of_o a_o forfeiture_n which_o be_v to_o be_v strict_o take_v for_o the_o king_n and_o favourable_o for_o the_o subject_n and_o therefore_o in_o my_o opinion_n the_o heir_n in_o tail_n shall_v be_v bind_v in_o these_o case_n of_o sale_n and_o the_o rather_o because_o they_o be_v within_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n videlicet_fw-la heir_n general_o put_v which_o extend_v to_o heir_n in_o tail_n as_o well_o as_o to_o heir_n in_o fee_n simple_a and_o because_o the_o sesse_v and_o charge_n shall_v bind_v both_o alike_o so_o in_o my_o opinion_n the_o sale_n shall_v bind_v both_o in_o regard_n the_o sale_n depend_v upon_o the_o charge_n and_o sesse_v if_o a_o prebend_n parson_n or_o vicar_n dean_n bishop_n or_o such_o like_a which_o be_v seize_v of_o land_n in_o their_o politic_a capacity_n be_v sess_v to_o repair_v of_o work_n of_o sewer_n their_o land_n can_v be_v decree_v away_o from_o they_o in_o such_o sort_n as_o to_o bind_v their_o successor_n for_o as_o this_o statute_n of_o sewer_n extend_v to_o bind_v land_n by_o decree_n in_o perpetuity_n so_o the_o statute_n of_o 1_o and_o 13_o and_o 14_o eliz._n restrain_v alienation_n and_o where_o those_o statute_n restrain_v they_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o this_o general_a statute_n of_o sewer_n do_v not_o dispense_v with_o those_o statute_n in_o croft_n case_n crofts_n and_o howel_n case_n and_o howel_n case_v in_o blow_n comment_fw-fr a_o fine_a with_o proclamation_n and_o non-claim_a by_o five_o year_n do_v bind_v the_o corporation_n of_o the_o mystery_n of_o the_o cook_n in_o london_n for_o their_o right_n in_o land_n and_o so_o all_o other_o corporation_n which_o be_v absolute_a of_o themselves_o and_o need_v not_o the_o assent_n of_o any_o other_o as_o major_n and_o commonalty_n dean_n and_o chapter_n master_n and_o fellow_n of_o college_n but_o the_o law_n be_v otherwise_o of_o parson_n vicar_n prebend_n and_o such_o like_a and_o the_o like_a exposition_n do_v i_o make_v of_o they_o in_o this_o statute_n of_o sewer_n but_o i_o will_v here_o make_v a_o distinction_n i_o be_o notwithstanding_o of_o opinion_n that_o the_o parson_n vicar_n prebend_n and_o such_o like_a for_o their_o own_o neglect_n be_v bind_v during_o their_o time_n but_o not_o their_o successor_n after_o they_o and_o note_v this_o statute_n though_o it_o mention_v heir_n yet_o it_o do_v not_o at_o all_o mention_n successor_n which_o be_v worthy_a of_o consideration_n also_o and_o in_o my_o opinion_n this_o statute_n as_o to_o decree_n to_o be_v make_v of_o land_n will_v bind_v woman_n covert_a baron_n infant_n person_n that_o be_v non_fw-la sanae_fw-la mentis_fw-la and_o such_o like_a because_o it_o be_v a_o law_n make_v for_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o so_o it_o be_v hold_v in_o zouche_n case_n in_o the_o com._n that_o the_o statute_n of_o 4_o h._n 7._o of_o fine_n have_v bind_v infant_n idiot_n and_o woman_n court_v baron_n have_v they_o not_o be_v except_v in_o that_o statute_n a_o forciori_fw-la case_n zouch_v case_n shall_v they_o be_v comprise_v in_o this_o statute_n for_o the_o statute_n of_o fine_n be_v make_v for_o the_o peace_n of_o the_o weal-public_a but_o the_o statute_n of_o sewer_n be_v make_v for_o the_o safety_n thereof_o if_o there_o be_v two_o tenant_n in_o common_a which_o be_v sess_v towards_o the_o repair_n of_o a_o wall_n bank_n or_o such_o like_a work_n of_o sewer_n and_o one_o of_o they_o do_v neglect_v to_o pay_v his_o proportionable_a part_n whether_o commissioner_n may_v decree_v a_o moiety_n without_o partition_n both_o of_o the_o sesse_v and_o land_n be_v a_o question_n for_o their_o estate_n be_v several_a though_o there_o be_v a_o community_n in_o take_v of_o the_o profit_n and_o therefore_o the_o matter_n be_v whether_o the_o assess_v shall_v attend_v upon_o the_o possession_n which_o be_v in_o common_a or_o upon_o their_o estate_n which_o be_v several_a and_o although_o commissioner_n in_o assess_v be_v not_o bind_v to_o take_v notice_n of_o their_o estate_n yet_o if_o they_o take_v upon_o they_o to_o decree_v a_o man_n land_n from_o he_o they_o be_v then_o to_o take_v notice_n of_o his_o estate_n and_o of_o all_o other_o circumstance_n necessary_o depend_v thereupon_o in_o 22_o h._n 6._o fol._n 12._o if_o a_o trespass_n be_v do_v upon_o land_n which_o be_v hold_v in_o common_a they_o be_v to_o join_v in_o a_o action_n but_o if_o one_o of_o they_o die_v that_o action_n shall_v survive_v for_o though_o they_o be_v joint_a in_o the_o personalty_n yet_o they_o disjoin_v in_o the_o realty_n and_o if_o two_o tenant_n in_o common_a of_o land_n join_v in_o a_o grant_n of_o ten_o pound_n rend_v charge_v out_o of_o their_o land_n the_o grantee_n shall_v have_v ten_o pound_n yearly_a of_o either_o by_o the_o opinion_n of_o mr._n perkins_n but_o if_o a_o sesse_v of_o ten_o pound_n be_v lay_v and_o impose_v upon_o they_o by_o this_o law_n of_o sewer_n this_o sesse_v shall_v not_o double_a as_o the_o rent_n shall_v yet_o in_o this_o case_n of_o a_o joint_n assess_v impose_v upon_o tenant_n in_o common_a and_o one_o will_v pay_v his_o moiety_n and_o his_o companion_n refuse_v the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n can_v sell_v a_o moiety_n of_o the_o land_n for_o that_o it_o be_v a_o joint_n sess_v and_o be_v not_o impose_v by_o moiety_n and_o the_o sale_n do_v depend_v upon_o the_o sess_v and_o all_o may_v not_o be_v sell_v for_o that_o one_o tenant_n in_o common_a can_v prejudice_v his_o companion_n in_o thing_n of_o realty_n the_o four_o matter_n be_v to_o who_o land_n may_v be_v decree_v by_o this_o law_n for_o by_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o commissioner_n have_v power_n to_o decree_v land_n for_o default_n of_o payment_n for_o year_n for_o life_n in_o tail_n or_o in_o fee_n simple_a whereby_o the_o law_n intend_v they_o shall_v make_v their_o decree_n for_o sale_n according_a to_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o sess_v and_o so_o shall_v use_v moderation_n in_o the_o estate_n they_o make_v or_o sell_v therefore_o and_o it_o be_v not_o intend_v they_o shall_v sell_v the_o feesimple_n away_o for_o sess_v which_o may_v be_v satisfy_v with_o the_o make_n of_o a_o less_o estate_n and_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o this_o decree_n do_v make_v the_o estate_n with_o the_o help_n of_o this_o statute_n according_a to_o the_o limitation_n which_o shall_v therein_o be_v declare_v and_o that_o the_o party_n shall_v have_v estate_n according_a as_o the_o same_o be_v thereby_o limit_v unto_o he_o and_o this_o be_v no_o equitable_a decree_n which_o bind_v the_o person_n only_o as_o chancery_n decree_v be_v but_o it_o bind_v the_o land_n and_o therefore_o the_o commissioner_n may_v not_o decree_v land_n to_o a_o corporation_n as_o to_o a_o major_a and_o commonalty_n dean_n and_o chapter_n or_o such_o like_a which_o be_v mortmain_n for_o the_o general_a word_n of_o this_o statute_n
h._n 4._o c._n 12._o say_v that_o he_o which_o be_v grieve_v let_v he_o have_v remedy_n and_o if_o the_o good_n of_o a_o man_n take_v for_o his_o tax_n or_o 4._o 1_o h._n 4._o sess_v be_v sell_v for_o the_o payment_n thereof_o for_o more_o money_n than_o his_o sess_n come_v to_o the_o justices_z of_o sewer_n have_v power_n to_o cause_v the_o officer_n to_o restore_v the_o overplus_n et_fw-fr cum_fw-la hoc_fw-la concordat_fw-la the_o charter_n of_o rom._n marsh_n if_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n appoint_v the_o officer_n to_o take_v so_o many_o tree_n of_o i._o s._n at_o such_o a_o price_n for_o the_o repair_n of_o a_o defence_n against_o the_o sea_n or_o to_o make_v a_o trench_n over_o the_o ground_n of_o i._o d._n and_o thereto_o erect_v something_o towards_o these_o action_n i._n s._n have_v remedy_n to_o come_v by_o his_o money_n in_o this_o court_n and_o the_o other_o party_n over_o who_o ground_n this_o trench_n be_v make_v may_v be_v relieve_v in_o recompense_n to_o be_v make_v to_o he_o for_o the_o hurt_n in_o his_o ground_n if_o laborer_n or_o workman_n as_o carpenter_n mason_n smith_n diker_n or_o other_o person_n be_v set_v on_o work_n by_o the_o power_n of_o these_o law_n they_o may_v by_o the_o same_o power_n recover_v their_o wage_n before_o the_o justice_n of_o sewer_n for_o the_o original_a cause_n spring_v out_o of_o the_o power_n of_o this_o commission_n and_o this_o be_v there_o determinable_a as_o incident_a to_o the_o authority_n of_o that_o court_n but_o if_o the_o original_a cause_n do_v not_o arise_v out_o of_o this_o commission_n as_o in_o some_o of_o the_o precede_a case_n they_o do_v not_o then_o have_v this_o court_n no_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o matter_n depend_v thereon_o and_o i_o do_v ground_n this_o diversity_n upon_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o book_n case_n put_v in_o 1_o r._n 3._o fol._n 4._o where_n it_o be_v say_v 3._o 1_o r._n 3._o that_o if_o the_o original_a cause_n do_v belong_v to_o the_o court_n christian_n although_o in_o the_o proceed_n therein_o some_o matter_n happen_v which_o depend_v on_o the_o principal_a which_o do_v belong_v to_o the_o temporal_a court_n yet_o accessarium_fw-la sequitur_fw-la suum_fw-la principale_v and_o these_o matter_n shall_v also_o be_v determine_v in_o the_o court_n christian_n and_o so_o if_o in_o a_o cause_n at_o the_o temporal_a law_n as_o in_o a_o quare_fw-la impedit_fw-la and_o in_o the_o proceed_n therein_o some_o matter_n do_v arise_v depend_v on_o the_o principal_a cause_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o court_n christian_n yet_o the_o temporal_a court_n shall_v continue_v his_o jurisdiction_n thereof_o and_o with_o this_o diversity_n agree_v kelleways_o rep._n kelleways_n rep._n report_n fol._n 110._o so_o in_o our_o court_n of_o sewer_n although_o a_o thing_n happen_v in_o the_o proceed_n which_o if_o it_o stand_v mere_o of_o itself_o will_v not_o pertain_v ad_fw-la eor_fw-la '_o examen_fw-la notwithstanding_o if_o it_o be_v but_o a_o matter_n accidental_a and_o have_v his_o dependence_n upon_o a_o principal_a matter_n which_o be_v determinable_a in_o this_o court_n the_o other_o also_o shall_z a_o be_v here_o determinable_a exemption_n it_o may_v be_v a_o grand_a question_n whether_o these_o law_n of_o sewer_n will_v permit_v any_o exemption_n to_o any_o person_n or_o person_n and_o by_o the_o strict_a pen_n of_o the_o word_n of_o this_o commission_n it_o seem_v to_o oppose_v all_o such_o privilege_n and_o discharge_v as_o exemption_n be_v the_o ancient_a commission_n which_o be_v in_o the_o register_n and_o in_o fitz._n nat._n br._n be_v exceed_v strict_a for_o the_o word_n therein_o be_v ita_fw-la quod_fw-la aliquibus_fw-la tenentibus_fw-la terrarum_fw-la seu_fw-la tenementum_fw-la seu_fw-la communiam_fw-la pasturae_fw-la seu_fw-la pischariae_fw-la habentibus_fw-la diviti_fw-la vel_fw-la pauperi_fw-la vel_fw-la alteri_fw-la cujuscunque_fw-la fuerit_fw-la conditionis_fw-la status_fw-la aut_fw-la dignitatis_fw-la qui_fw-la defension_n '_o habere_fw-la potuerint_fw-la per_fw-la predict_v '_o wallia_n guttur_fw-la as_o fossata_fw-la sueras_fw-la port_n calceta_fw-la &_o gurgite_n seu_fw-la etiam_fw-la damnum_fw-la per_fw-la trenchea_n predict_v '_o sustinent_fw-la vel_fw-la poterint_fw-la sustinere_fw-la sive_fw-la fuerint_fw-la infra_fw-la libertates_fw-la siuè_fw-la extra_fw-la non_fw-la parcantur_fw-la in_o hac_fw-la parte_fw-la and_o the_o word_n in_o our_o statute_n be_v in_o effect_n and_o all_o such_o which_o reap_v profit_n or_o sustain_v damage_n shall_v be_v assess_v which_o word_n seem_v not_o to_o admit_v of_o discharge_v yet_o in_o my_o opinion_n out_o of_o the_o strict_a word_n of_o these_o commission_n there_o be_v some_o exemption_n though_o not_o express_v in_o word_n yet_o supply_v in_o reason_n and_o be_v to_o be_v add_v in_o construction_n first_o for_o the_o ground_n lie_v betwixt_o the_o seabank_n and_o the_o sea_n be_v in_o reason_n exempt_v from_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o bank_n and_o wall_n because_o they_o can_v take_v no_o safety_n thereby_o second_o those_o ground_n which_o be_v upon_o a_o assent_n and_o not_o on_o the_o level_n be_v also_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o reason_n exempt_v from_o assess_v to_o be_v impose_v only_o by_o the_o power_n of_o these_o law_n three_o where_o one_o or_o more_o be_v tie_v to_o repair_v a_o bank_n wall_n or_o other_o defence_n by_o custom_n prescription_n tenure_n or_o otherwise_o all_o other_o be_v in_o law_n and_o reason_n exempt_v four_o a_o parson_n &_o vicar_n with_o cure_n be_v not_o to_o be_v assess_v for_o their_o tithe_n and_o divers_a of_o the_o hereditament_n former_o mention_v in_o assess_v be_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o reason_n exempt_v five_o but_o whether_o one_o may_v be_v discharge_v and_o exempt_v from_o the_o repair_v of_o the_o work_n of_o sewer_n by_o any_o special_a custom_n or_o prescription_n be_v a_o great_a question_n of_o our_o case_n in_o regard_n both_o the_o old_a and_o new_a commission_n quod_fw-la nullus_fw-la in_o hac_fw-la parte_fw-la parcatur_fw-la seem_v to_o toll_n all_o prescription_n and_o custom_n of_o discharge_n and_o to_o admit_v of_o none_o of_o they_o and_o the_o charter_n of_o romney_n marsh_n pag._n 31_o 32_o and_o 33._o bear_v the_o same_o exposition_n for_o there_o godfrey_n plead_v a_o plea_n to_o discharge_v he_o of_o the_o repair_v of_o the_o wall_n and_o watergauge_n because_o he_o claim_v his_o land_n by_o charter_n from_o the_o king_n and_o also_o prescribe_v general_o in_o non_fw-la reparando_fw-la but_o he_o dare_v not_o abide_v his_o plea_n for_o there_o pag._n 39_o it_o be_v say_v that_o all_o have_v land_n shall_v contribute_v and_o that_o none_o may_v be_v spare_v and_o also_o pag._n 53._o be_v these_o word_n quod_fw-la starent_fw-la ordinationi_fw-la jurator_n '_o predictor_n '_o nulla_fw-la consuetudine_fw-la resistente_fw-la which_o word_n be_v direct_v in_o the_o point_n against_o such_o general_n discharge_v claim_v by_o blind_a custom_n yet_o i_o have_v be_v credible_o inform_v that_o sir_n george_n fitzwilliams_n knight_n have_v a_o custom_n in_o his_o town_n and_o manor_n of_o mabblethorp_n in_o the_o county_n of_o lincoln_n call_v swiftage_n whereby_o he_o challenge_v to_o be_v free_v from_o be_v charge_v to_o the_o repair_v of_o the_o seabank_n because_o in_o consideration_n thereof_o he_o and_o his_o ancestor_n have_v use_v in_o regard_n of_o their_o manor_n there_o to_o do_v some_o other_o repair_v as_o beneficial_a for_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o in_o my_o opinion_n in_o such_o a_o special_a custom_n one_o may_v be_v exempt_v like_v to_o the_o case_n of_o tithe_n wherein_o one_o can_v not_o by_o the_o common_a law_n prescribe_v in_o a_o non_fw-la decimando_fw-la yet_o in_o a_o modus_fw-la decimandi_fw-la he_o may_v because_o there_o be_v some_o competent_a consideration_n give_v in_o lieu_n thereof_o and_o so_o in_o my_o opinion_n one_o can_v general_o prescribe_v or_o allege_v a_o custom_n to_o be_v free_v and_o clear_o exempt_v from_o the_o repair_v of_o sewer_n but_o by_o special_a custom_n he_o may_v as_o in_o the_o say_a case_n of_o sir_n george_n fitzwilliams_n and_o therefore_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n in_o my_o case_n do_v very_o just_o and_o discreet_o refuse_v the_o say_v general_a plea_n of_o discharge_n tender_v to_o they_o by_o a._n and_o e._n and_o so_o i_o super_fw-la totam_fw-la materiam_fw-la conclude_v my_o argument_n as_o i_o do_v my_o case_n that_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n do_v administer_v true_a justice_n in_o all_o the_o part_n of_o these_o law_n finis_fw-la huius_fw-la tertiae_fw-la lecturae_fw-la lectura_fw-la quarta_fw-la it_o appear_v by_o this_o statute_n i_o read_v on_o that_o the_o law_n maker_n make_v it_o not_o the_o least_o part_n of_o their_o care_n to_o have_v such_o person_n put_v in_o trust_n with_o the_o execution_n thereof_o as_o shall_v be_v of_o great_a wisdom_n and_o approve_a experience_n and_o because_o that_o person_n of_o profound_a wisdom_n deep_a experience_n try_v learning_n generous_a
matter_n do_v contain_v in_o it_o these_o word_n viz._n that_o if_o any_o person_n or_o person_n of_o what_o estate_n or_o degree_n soever_o he_o or_o they_o be_v of_o that_o from_o henceforth_o do_v take_v upon_o he_o or_o they_o to_o sit_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o say_a commission_n not_o be_v first_o swear_v according_a to_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o oath_n express_v in_o the_o statute_n or_o if_o any_o person_n so_o name_v and_o swear_v do_v sit_v not_o have_v land_n tenement_n or_o other_o hereditament_n in_o fee-simple_n fee_n tail_n or_o for_o term_n of_o life_n to_o the_o clear_a yearly_a value_n of_o forty_o mark_n above_o all_o charge_n to_o his_o own_o use_n except_o he_o be_v resciant_fw-la and_o free_a of_o any_o city_n borough_n or_o town_n corporate_a have_v movable_a substance_n of_o the_o clear_a value_n of_o one_o hundred_o pound_n or_o else_o be_v learn_v in_o the_o law_n of_o this_o realm_n in_o and_o concern_v the_o same_o that_o be_v to_o say_v admit_v in_o one_o of_o the_o principal_a inn_n of_o court_n for_o a_o utter_a barrister_n shall_v forfeit_v forty_o pound_n for_o every_o time_n that_o he_o shall_v attempt_v so_o to_o do_v the_o one_o moiety_n to_o the_o king_n the_o other_o moiety_n to_o the_o party_n that_o will_v sue_v therefore_o etc._n etc._n so_o that_o by_o this_o clause_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o every_o one_o that_o be_v not_o qualify_v in_o one_o of_o these_o degree_n be_v no_o competent_a commissioner_n within_o this_o statute_n first_o that_o he_o be_v a_o utter_a barrister_n in_o one_o of_o the_o four_o inn_n of_o court_n second_o or_o have_v land_n tenement_n or_o hereditament_n of_o the_o clear_a yearly_a value_n of_o forty_o mark_n above_o all_o charge_n in_o fee_n simple_a fee_n tail_n or_o for_o life_n three_o or_o be_v free_a or_o resciant_fw-la in_o some_o city_n borough_n or_o town_n corporate_a and_o have_v movable_a substance_n of_o the_o clear_a value_n of_o one_o hundred_o pound_n and_o that_o person_n which_o be_v not_o within_o one_o of_o the_o say_v three_o part_n and_o yet_o do_v take_v upon_o he_o to_o sit_v in_o the_o execution_n of_o this_o commission_n incur_v two_o penalty_n the_o one_o the_o forfeiture_n of_o his_o discretion_n for_o his_o presumption_n the_o other_o of_o forty_o pound_n for_o his_o contempt_n and_o therefore_o for_o the_o more_o clear_a examination_n of_o these_o thing_n i_o will_v observe_v that_o method_n in_o my_o argument_n which_o my_o case_n have_v former_o prescribe_v to_o i_o and_o first_o of_o all_o i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o the_o personal_a ability_n and_o first_o of_o the_o son_n of_o the_o free_a citizen_n of_o lincoln_n i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o every_o commissioner_n of_o this_o kind_n must_v be_v endow_v with_o these_o three_o quality_n first_o he_o must_v be_v free_a of_o a_o city_n etc._n etc._n if_o he_o want_v any_o of_o these_o than_o he_o be_v out_o of_o this_o branch_n of_o this_o statute_n second_o he_o must_v be_v there_o resciant_fw-la and_o three_o he_o must_v have_v in_o clear_a movable_a substance_n one_o hundred_o pound_n and_o therefore_o what_o person_n be_v such_o a_o freeman_n be_v now_o to_o be_v handle_v i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o every_o subject_a bear_v within_o the_o king_n dominion_n be_v a_o freeman_n of_o this_o realm_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o grand_a charter_n cap._n 14._o yea_o though_o he_o be_v a_o bondslave_n to_o a_o subject_a but_o a_o stranger_n bear_v be_v no_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n till_o the_o king_n have_v make_v he_o denizen_n in_o who_o power_n alone_o without_o the_o help_n of_o any_o other_o one_o may_v be_v make_v free_a and_o to_o be_v a_o freeman_n of_o the_o realm_n the_o place_n of_o his_o birth_n be_v hold_v more_o material_a than_o the_o quality_n of_o his_o parent_n for_o if_o alien_n have_v a_o child_n in_o england_n it_o be_v free_a of_o the_o kingdom_n yet_o by_o the_o opinion_n of_o hussey_n chief_a justice_n in_o 1_o r._n 3._o fol._n 4._o and_o in_o calvin_n case_n of_o the_o post_n nati_n it_o be_v hold_v for_o law_n that_o if_o ambassador_n of_o this_o realm_n have_v child_n bear_v in_o france_n or_o elsewhere_o where_o the_o father_n and_o mother_n be_v natural_a bear_v subject_n the_o child_n be_v free_a of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n but_o if_o either_o the_o father_n or_o the_o mother_n of_o such_o child_n be_v a_o alien_n then_o be_v not_o those_o child_n free_a one_o out_o of_o the_o king_n protection_n be_v as_o i_o take_v it_o for_o that_o time_n no_o freeman_n of_o the_o realm_n but_o in_o what_o case_n a_o man_n exile_v be_v in_o sort_v the_o near_a to_o our_o question_n exile_n be_v one_o of_o the_o eight_o punishment_n which_o the_o roman_a law_n do_v inflict_v upon_o stranger_n which_o be_v videlicet_fw-la 1._o damnum_fw-la 2._o imprisonamentum_fw-la 3._o plagae_fw-la 4._o compensatio_fw-la 5._o ignominia_fw-la 6._o exilium_fw-la 7._o servitudo_fw-la 8._o mors._n mr._n bracton_n do_v in_o this_o manner_n describe_v exile_n that_o be_v certi_fw-la loci_fw-la interdictio_fw-la and_o do_v distribute_v it_o into_o four_o head_n that_o be_v to_o say_v 1._o specialis_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la interdictio_fw-la talis_fw-la provinciae_fw-la civitatis_fw-la burgi_n aut_fw-la villae_fw-la 2._o generalie_n interdictio_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la &_o aliquando_fw-la est_fw-la 3._o temporaria_fw-la pro_fw-la duobus_fw-la tribus_fw-la quatuor_fw-la aut_fw-la pluribus_fw-la annis_fw-la aut_fw-la etc._n etc._n 4._o perpetua_fw-la pro_fw-la termino_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la &_o exilium_fw-la est_fw-la aliquando_fw-la ex_fw-la arbitrio_fw-la principis_fw-la sicut_fw-la in_o exiliando_fw-la deuce_n hertferdiae_fw-la &_o norfolciae_fw-la per_fw-la regem_fw-la richardum_fw-la secundum_fw-la et_fw-la aliquando_fw-la per_fw-la judicium_fw-la terra_fw-la ut_fw-la sit_fw-la in_o casu_fw-la piers_n de_fw-fr gaveston_n &_o etiam_fw-la in_o casu_fw-la hugonis_fw-la de_fw-fr le_fw-fr spencer_n junioris_fw-la qui_fw-la ambo_fw-la fuorunt_fw-la exilit_fw-la '_o per_fw-la judicium_fw-la in_o parliamento_fw-la abjuration_n also_o be_v a_o legal_a exile_n by_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o common_a law_n as_o also_o by_o the_o statute_n law_n and_o in_o the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n the_o second_o cap._n 35._o he_o which_o ravish_v a_o ward_n and_o can_v render_v the_o ward_n unmarried_a or_o the_o value_n of_o his_o marriage_n must_v abjure_v the_o realm_n and_o this_o be_v a_o general_a abjuration_n and_o by_o a_o statute_n make_v in_o 31_o ed._n 1._o 1._o 31_o ed._n 1._o butcher_n be_v to_o be_v abjure_v the_o town_n if_o they_o offend_v the_o four_o time_n in_o sell_v measled_a flesh_n and_o this_o be_v a_o special_a abjuration_n but_o i_o must_v put_v this_o case_n to_o a_o further_a question_n which_o be_v what_o a_o man_n exile_v do_v forfeit_n thereby_o and_o in_o my_o opinion_n he_o forfeit_v these_o thing_n follow_v first_o he_o lose_v thereby_o the_o freedom_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o nation_n out_o of_o which_o he_o be_v exile_v second_o he_o forfeit_v his_o freedom_n in_o the_o borough_n or_o city_n where_o he_o be_v free_a for_o he_o which_o forfeit_v the_o freedom_n of_o the_o whole_a realm_n by_o consequence_n forfeit_v his_o freedom_n in_o every_o part_n thereof_o three_o he_o be_v of_o as_o little_a esteem_n in_o our_o law_n as_o if_o he_o be_v dead_a for_o his_o heir_n may_v enter_v and_o so_o may_v his_o wife_n enter_v into_o she_o own_o land_n and_o may_v sue_v a_o action_n as_o a_o woman_n sole_a by_o 31_o ed._n 1._o &_o 1_o h._n 4._o 1._o 31_o ed._n 1._o 1_o h._n 4._o 1._o and_o fourthly_a in_o my_o opinion_n he_o shall_v forfeit_v those_o land_n to_o the_o king_n which_o he_o shall_v purchase_v in_o the_o realm_n during_o his_o banishment_n que_v vide_fw-la 15_o ed._n 3._o fitz._n petition_v '_o plac_n 2._o but_o there_o in_o that_o case_n hugh_n spencer_n be_v banish_v by_o a_o judgement_n in_o parliament_n which_o give_v a_o forfeiture_n of_o his_o land_n howsoever_o i_o take_v he_o as_o strong_o bar_v from_o purchase_v in_o the_o realm_n during_o his_o banishment_n as_o a_o alien_n be_v for_o fit_a alienigina_fw-la by_o his_o banishment_n and_o he_o be_v in_o a_o worse_a case_n than_o a_o alien_n because_o he_o take_v with_o he_o indignatio_fw-la principis_fw-la but_o a_o banish_a man_n forfeit_v neither_o title_n of_o honour_n as_o knighthood_n which_o be_v de_fw-fr jure_fw-la gentium_fw-la nor_o the_o land_n he_o have_v before_o he_o be_v exile_v unless_o by_o special_a judgement_n give_v in_o a_o legal_a course_n they_o be_v so_o decree_v then_o our_o case_n go_v further_a that_o e._n be_v not_o exile_v himself_o but_o d._n his_o father_n be_v exile_v who_o heir_n e._n be_v now_o whether_o by_o the_o exilement_n of_o the_o father_n the_o liberty_n and_o freedom_n which_o e._n might_n claim_v in_o the_o city_n of_o lincoln_n by_o be_v the_o son_n and_o heir_n
and_o a_o villain_n for_o year_n and_o a_o captive_n take_v in_o the_o war_n be_v for_o there_o shall_v be_v pay_v for_o he_o a_o ransom_n as_o be_v mention_v in_o the_o register_n fol._n 102._o money_n due_a upon_o statute_n judgement_n recognizance_n bond_n bill_n or_o contract_n be_v not_o valueable_a substance_n within_o this_o statute_n for_o by_o this_o statute_n it_o must_v be_v clear_a and_o not_o doubtful_a or_o accidental_a as_o money_n out_o of_o hand_n be_v which_o be_v like_a to_o a_o bird_n in_o the_o bush_n yet_o these_o be_v all_o valueable_a and_o be_v value_v in_o inventory_n take_v in_o the_o ecclesiastical_a court_n but_o yet_o the_o executor_n or_o administrator_n shall_v not_o be_v charge_v for_o asset_n for_o they_o till_o they_o have_v receive_v they_o and_o in_o 25_o h._n 8._o in_o dier_n fol._n 5._o obligation_n be_v not_o hold_v valueable_a but_o thing_n in_o action_n and_o if_o one_o 8._o 25_o h._n 8._o have_v get_v good_n by_o tort_n and_o wrong_n to_o the_o value_n of_o one_o hundred_o pound_n yet_o this_o be_v clear_a valueable_a substance_n within_o this_o law_n for_o although_o the_o word_n clear_v be_v insert_v into_o the_o statute_n yet_o that_o relate_v to_o the_o value_n and_o not_o to_o the_o title_n of_o those_o good_n and_o if_o one_o have_v good_n as_o executor_n or_o administrator_n these_o be_v not_o his_o own_o and_o therefore_o do_v not_o enable_v he_o to_o be_v a_o commissioner_n within_o this_o law_n neither_o do_v the_o good_n of_o the_o church_n enable_v the_o parson_n vicar_n or_o curate_n nor_o the_o good_n of_o a_o corporation_n do_v not_o enable_v the_o major_a and_o alderman_n or_o citizen_n of_o a_o city_n or_o town_n corporate_a for_o these_o do_v not_o belong_v to_o their_o particular_a person_n neither_o do_v this_o stock_n in_o my_o case_n which_o be_v demise_v to_o b._n and_o c._n make_v they_o competent_a commissioner_n within_o this_o statute_n because_o they_o have_v not_o the_o property_n therein_o but_o only_o the_o use_n and_o occupation_n thereof_o and_o although_o in_o this_o statute_n it_o be_v not_o declare_v in_o what_o place_n these_o good_n which_o shall_v enable_v a_o man_n to_o be_v a_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n shall_v be_v in_o it_o will_v suffice_v if_o the_o party_n have_v they_o in_o any_o place_n within_o the_o realm_n for_o this_o very_a law_n call_v they_o movable_a substance_n and_o herein_o i_o end_v my_o free_a citizen_n and_o in_o my_o opinion_n e._n have_v neither_o freedom_n in_o his_o person_n nor_o real_a estate_n in_o land_n nor_o movable_a substance_n in_o any_o sort_n to_o make_v he_o a_o competent_a commissioner_n within_o this_o law_n yet_o if_o a_o freeman_n be_v destitute_a of_o good_n or_o want_v perfection_n in_o his_o freedom_n if_o notwithstanding_o he_o have_v land_n to_o the_o value_n of_o forty_o mark_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la than_o he_o shall_v be_v allow_v a_o commissioner_n within_o this_o statute_n touch_v which_o point_n of_o land_n i_o now_o intend_v to_o proceed_v in_o in_o the_o handle_n of_o this_o matter_n it_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v which_o be_v hereditament_n within_o this_o law_n for_o the_o other_o two_o word_n land_n and_o tenement_n need_v no_o exposition_n wherein_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o message_n cortage_n toâ—â—s_n crofts_n house_n land_n meadow_n pasture_n feeding_n moor_n marsh_n heath_n fur_n mill_n orchard_n garden_n hopyard_n rent_n of_o annuity_n prima_fw-la vestura_fw-la terrae_fw-la pischaries_n tithe_n pension_n portion_n proxy_n park_n warrens_n be_v all_o of_o they_o hereditament_n within_o this_o part_n of_o this_o law_n for_o the_o word_n hereditament_n be_v a_o word_n of_o the_o large_a size_n and_o large_a extent_n in_o our_o law_n be_v omne_fw-la quod_fw-la haereditari_fw-la potest_fw-la and_o yet_o every_o hereditament_n be_v not_o within_o this_o branch_n for_o it_o have_v two_o other_o word_n join_v therewithal_o videlicet_fw-la yearly_a value_n and_o therefore_o franchise_n and_o liberty_n as_o waif_n stray_n felon_n good_n deodan_n fines_n amerciament_n profit_v of_o court_n fair_n market_n ferries_n hundred_o leet_n and_o such_o like_a be_v all_o of_o they_o out_o of_o this_o statute_n in_o this_o point_n because_o they_o be_v not_o of_o a_o certain_a yearly_a value_n but_o be_v accidental_a and_o depend_v in_o contingency_n by_o the_o opinion_n in_o butler_n and_o baker_n case_n cook_n 3_o report_n but_o as_o it_o be_v there_o say_v if_o these_o thing_n have_v heretofore_o be_v usual_o let_v and_o demise_v for_o certain_a yearly_a rent_n than_o they_o may_v be_v hereditament_n of_o clear_a yearly_a value_n within_o this_o law_n all_o office_n and_o vocation_n as_o physician_n chirurgeon_n or_o trade_n as_o merchant_n mercer_n grocer_n draper_n and_o such_o like_a be_v neither_o hereditary_a nor_o of_o certain_a yearly_a value_n and_o therefore_o they_o be_v not_o within_o this_o law_n though_o perhaps_o one_o gain_n thereby_o five_o hundred_o pound_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la also_o dry_a reversion_n or_o remainder_n depend_v upon_o estate_n for_o life_n be_v out_o of_o this_o branch_n for_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n be_v have_v which_o be_v in_o praesenti_fw-la and_o not_o futuro_fw-la neither_o be_v a_o advowson_n of_o force_n in_o this_o point_n though_o it_o be_v asset_n in_o a_o formdon_n yet_o it_o be_v no_o asset_n in_o a_o action_n of_o debt_n bring_v against_o executor_n homage_n fealty_n escuage_n heriot_n relief_n nomine_fw-la paene_n and_o such_o like_a be_v hereditament_n but_o because_o they_o be_v not_o of_o yearly_a value_n they_o be_v not_o therefore_o within_o this_o law_n also_o if_o a_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n be_v seize_v of_o a_o rent_n or_o annuity_n payable_a every_o second_o year_n it_o do_v not_o enable_v he_o to_o sit_v because_o it_o be_v not_o annual_a which_o be_v intend_v yearly_o and_o every_o year_n as_o the_o prior_n of_o plymptons_n case_n in_o dier_n fol._n 133._o be_v but_o if_o one_o do_v grant_n to_o i._o s._n a_o annuity_n or_o rent_n of_o forty_o mark_n in_o fee_n payable_a at_o the_o feast_n of_o easter_n yearly_a if_o the_o grantee_n will_v then_o come_v for_o it_o to_o such_o a_o place_n be_v of_o certain_a yearly_a value_n within_o this_o law_n but_o put_v the_o case_n that_o a._n be_v seize_v of_o land_n in_o fee_n and_o grant_v to_o b._n forty_o mark_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la for_o his_o life_n only_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o b._n be_v no_o sufficient_a qualify_v commissioner_n within_o this_o law_n but_o if_o a._n be_v seize_v of_o a_o rent_n of_o forty_o mark_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la in_o fee_n and_o he_o grant_v the_o same_o to_o b._n for_o his_o life_n he_o be_v a_o competent_a commissioner_n within_o this_o law_n differentia_fw-la apparet_fw-la our_o statute_n go_v on_o in_o these_o word_n that_o the_o commissioner_n which_o will_v sit_v without_o exception_n must_v have_v in_o land_n tenement_n or_o hereditament_n of_o the_o clear_a yearly_a value_n of_o forty_o mark_n to_o his_o own_o use_n therefore_o a_o man_n seize_v of_o land_n to_o that_o value_n in_o the_o right_n of_o his_o wife_n although_o he_o take_v the_o rent_n and_o profit_n to_o his_o own_o use_n yet_o this_o will_v not_o enable_v he_o to_o be_v a_o commissioner_n within_o this_o law_n but_o he_o must_v have_v they_o in_o ejus_fw-la usu_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la ejus_fw-la usum_fw-la a_o feoffee_n to_o a_o use_n before_o the_o statute_n of_o 27_o h._n 8._o of_o use_n be_v no_o competent_a commissioner_n within_o our_o statute_n for_o he_o have_v the_o land_n then_o to_o another_o man_n use_n neither_o be_v cestui_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n sufficient_o qualify_v to_o be_v a_o commissioner_n two_o tenant_n in_o common_a or_o coparcener_n of_o forty_o pound_n land_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la be_v neither_o of_o they_o of_o sufficient_a ability_n to_o be_v commissioner_n within_o this_o law_n and_o the_o like_a law_n be_v of_o two_o joyntenant_n of_o land_n of_o that_o yearly_a value_n for_o though_o they_o be_v seize_v per_fw-mi my_o and_z per_n tout_fw-fr yet_o in_o truth_n and_o in_o a_o legal_a construction_n either_o of_o they_o be_v seize_v but_o of_o a_o moiety_n so_o that_o if_o two_o joyntenant_n tenant_n in_o common_a or_o coparcener_n be_v seize_v of_o land_n of_o the_o yearly_a value_n of_o threescore_o pound_n either_o of_o they_o may_v sit_v by_o this_o commission_n a_o dean_n and_o chapter_n major_a and_o commonalty_n master_n of_o a_o college_n and_o fellow_n which_o be_v seize_v of_o land_n and_o tenement_n of_o the_o yearly_a value_n of_o a_o hundred_o pound_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la be_v not_o in_o respect_n thereof_o to_o sit_v if_o a_o bishop_n dean_n chancellor_n archdeacon_n prebend_n parson_n or_o vicar_n be_v seize_v of_o land_n in_o jure_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la of_o the_o clear_a yearly_a value_n of_o forty_o mark_n i_o suppose_v these_o may_v
be_v always_o before_o cover_v with_o water_n but_o shore_n and_o such_o ground_n which_o alternis_fw-la vicibus_fw-la be_v wet_a and_o dry_a be_v not_o account_v relinquish_v ground_n and_o that_o relinquish_v ground_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n but_o the_o shore_n and_o casual_a drown_a ground_n may_v belong_v to_o a_o subject_n the_o personal_a profit_n of_o the_o sea_n do_v consist_v in_o wreck_n flotsan_n jetfan_n ligan_n and_o great_a fish_n which_o be_v due_a to_o the_o king_n by_o the_o royal_a prerogative_n of_o his_o crown_n but_o subject_n may_v have_v the_o inheritance_n of_o the_o first_o four_o by_o prescription_n and_o of_o the_o last_o by_o charter_n from_o the_o king_n then_o i_o descend_v into_o island_n which_o be_v of_o two_o sort_n first_o on_o the_o sea_n old_a one_o and_o new_a one_o that_o both_o be_v within_o the_o king_n power_n and_o the_o new_a one_o he_o in_o property_n fresh_a island_n in_o the_o land_n may_v belong_v to_o subject_n the_o nature_n of_o they_o all_o be_v that_o they_o be_v undique_fw-la circumdatae_fw-la aquis_fw-la i_o then_o land_v at_o the_o shore_n which_o in_o definition_n contain_v those_o ground_n which_o extend_v from_o the_o low_a ebb_n to_o the_o high_a flood_n that_o the_o king_n have_v the_o property_n thereof_o de_fw-la jure_fw-la a_o subject_n may_v have_v it_o ex_fw-la perquisito_fw-la and_o the_o people_n have_v their_o usum_fw-la necessarium_fw-la i_o proceed_v further_o to_o the_o coast_n who_o content_a and_o contingent_a i_o describe_v so_o near_o as_o by_o history_n i_o can_v inform_v myself_o and_o shore_n and_o coast_n i_o hold_v they_o to_o be_v maris_fw-la accessoria_fw-la from_o these_o i_o proceed_v to_o creek_n havens_n and_o port_n and_o these_o i_o set_v forth_o in_o their_o several_a kind_n and_o i_o conclude_v with_o the_o compass_n of_o my_o statute_n and_o my_o commission_n and_o with_o the_o diversity_n thereof_o that_o within_o the_o circle_n of_o my_o statute_n sea_n iss_n shores_n coast_n port_n havens_n creek_n gain_v and_o relinquish_v ground_n be_v comprehend_v because_o that_o may_v depend_v in_o posse_fw-la but_o yet_o the_o commissioner_n which_o be_v in_o presenti_fw-la operative_a do_v extend_v but_o to_o the_o utmost_a bank_n and_o wall_n towards_o the_o sea_n and_o i_o conclude_v the_o point_n of_o my_o case_n with_o the_o difference_n between_o ground_n leave_v and_o ground_n gain_v from_o the_o sea_n and_o thus_o i_o end_v my_o first_o lecture_n the_o second_o lecture_n in_o my_o second_o lecture_n i_o come_v on_o land_n and_o take_v upon_o i_o to_o set_v forth_o her_o friend_n from_o her_o foe_n her_o friend_n i_o count_v such_o as_o have_v defend_v she_o from_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o from_o inundation_n of_o salt_n water_n and_o these_o be_v her_o friend_n viz._n bank_n sewer_n goat_n calceys_n and_o bridges_n these_o be_v to_o be_v maintain_v and_o repair_v and_o be_v the_o defence_n which_o i_o full_o treat_v of_o and_o these_o be_v the_o enemy_n stream_n mill_n pond_n fishgarth_n mildam_n lock_n hebbingwere_n heck_n and_o floodgate_n these_o be_v let_n and_o impediment_n which_o this_o statute_n speak_v of_o and_o be_v to_o be_v correct_v reform_a or_o put_v down_o as_o cause_n shall_v require_v i_o show_v then_o that_o river_n be_v of_o two_o kind_n royal_a and_o common_a river_n that_o there_o be_v other_o inferior_a kind_n of_o those_o watery_a instrument_n which_o may_v take_v place_n after_o river_n as_o ditch_n gutter_n sewer_n pool_n pond_n spring_n that_o water_n be_v the_o substantive_a of_o all_o these_o and_o if_o it_o be_v a_o run_a water_n at_o random_n than_o it_o be_v a_o stream_n if_o it_o be_v a_o run_a water_n and_o pen_v within_o wall_n or_o bank_n than_o it_o be_v a_o river_n gutter_n ditch_n or_o sewer_n these_o in_o their_o several_a kind_n i_o do_v distinguish_v and_o spring_v i_o hold_v to_o be_v the_o vital_a spirit_n of_o they_o all_o i_o then_o describe_v the_o commissioner_n manner_n of_o proceed_n which_o may_v be_v three_o manner_n of_o way_n by_o view_n and_o survey_v and_o wherein_o they_o consist_v by_o jury_n and_o on_o what_o part_n that_o stand_v by_o discretion_n and_o the_o diversity_n and_o definition_n thereof_o after_o these_o i_o take_v upon_o i_o by_o how_o many_o several_a way_n the_o defence_n may_v be_v maintain_v which_o be_v nine_o in_o in_o number_n 1._o frontage_n 2._o ownership_n 3._o prescription_n 4._o custom_n 5._o tenure_n 6._o covenant_n 7._o usus_fw-la rei_fw-la 8._o a_o township_n and_o 9_o by_o the_o law_n of_o sewer_n all_o these_o i_o prove_v by_o reason_n precedent_n and_o authority_n and_o do_v at_o large_a discourse_n of_o they_o then_o i_o come_v by_o the_o course_n of_o this_o case_n to_o treat_v of_o sess_v tax_n and_o lay_v set_v by_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n whereby_o i_o find_v some_o inheritance_n there_o be_v which_o be_v subject_a to_o these_o sess_v as_o those_o that_o follow_v house_n land_n meadow_n pasture_n wood_n heath_n fur_n moor_n marsh_n rent_n ferries_n pischaries_n commons_o free_a passage_n park_n warrens_n and_o many_o inheritance_n i_o find_v in_o reason_n free_v from_o these_o tax_n and_o lay_n as_o tithe_n in_o spiritual_a hand_n annuity_n chase_n pension_n proxy_n portion_n mart_n fair_n market_n office_n thing_n in_o action_n condition_n contingent_n uses_n presentation_n foundership_n i_o also_o find_v these_o sess_v of_o three_o kind_n viz._n customary_a and_o then_o they_o may_v bind_v the_o mountain_n as_o well_o as_o the_o valley_n hereditary_a and_o then_o the_o particular_a tenant_n and_o the_o reversion_n must_v both_o contribute_v temporary_a which_o bind_v the_o possessor_n and_o here_o i_o end_v my_o second_o day_n lecture_n the_o three_o lecture_n my_o three_o lecture_n i_o do_v distribute_v into_o three_o general_a head_n which_o be_v mere_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o execution_n of_o these_o law_n which_o consist_v either_o in_o punish_v the_o body_n and_o person_n of_o the_o delinquent_n with_o 1._o imprisonment_n 2._o fine_a and_o 3._o amerciament_n or_o in_o do_v execution_n upon_o the_o offender_n estate_n 1._o by_o distress_n or_o 2._o by_o sale_n thereof_o or_o otherwise_o in_o extend_v it_o upon_o a_o man_n personal_a estate_n by_o 1._o charge_v of_o the_o land_n perpetual_o or_o 2._o by_o the_o absolute_a sale_n thereof_o and_o under_o these_o general_a rule_n i_o comprise_v these_o particular_n which_o follow_v first_o for_o the_o honour_n of_o this_o commission_n and_o for_o the_o more_o necessary_a execution_n of_o these_o law_n i_o find_v they_o out_o a_o court_n wherein_o i_o set_v forth_o in_o what_o case_n commissioner_n may_v imprison_v the_o body_n of_o delinquent_n and_o in_o what_o case_n they_o may_v impose_v a_o fine_a and_o when_o amerciament_n be_v due_a and_o then_o i_o show_v that_o for_o some_o transgression_n neither_o imprisonment_n fine_a nor_o amerciament_n be_v to_o be_v impose_v i_o than_o come_v to_o distress_n and_o hold_v a_o treble_a distinction_n of_o they_o videlicet_fw-la that_o some_o be_v 1._o judicial_a and_o issue_v out_o of_o the_o judicial_a record_n of_o this_o court_n 2._o other_o ministerial_a 3._o the_o three_o legal_a wherein_o all_o these_o diversity_n i_o screw_v out_o by_o prove_v authority_n then_o i_o show_v in_o what_o place_n these_o distress_n may_v be_v take_v when_o upon_o the_o land_n charge_v when_o within_o any_o place_n within_o the_o extent_n of_o this_o commission_n and_o sometime_o within_o any_o place_n of_o this_o realm_n and_o when_o the_o proper_a good_n of_o the_o party_n may_v be_v take_v and_o when_o the_o good_n of_o stranger_n and_o when_o good_n may_v be_v sell_v by_o this_o law_n afterward_o according_a to_o the_o order_n prescribe_v i_o by_o my_o case_n i_o declare_v that_o there_o be_v some_o interrupter_n to_o the_o execution_n of_o these_o distress_n the_o one_o be_v by_o sue_v replevin_n wherein_o i_o take_v these_o diversity_n that_o a_o sheriff_n be_v a_o inferior_a officer_n can_v not_o of_o his_o own_o power_n deliver_v a_o distress_n take_v by_o warrant_n of_o sewer_n but_o that_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n be_v bind_v to_o obey_v a_o replevin_n come_v out_o of_o the_o king_n court_n at_o westminster_n quia_fw-la de_fw-la altiori_fw-la natura_fw-la thus_o yet_o notwithstanding_o good_n take_v by_o a_o judgement_n be_v exempt_v from_o that_o replevin_n then_o i_o proceed_v to_o the_o charge_n of_o land_n whether_o a_o perpetual_a charge_n may_v be_v impose_v or_o not_o and_o from_o thence_o i_o come_v to_o sales_n and_o those_o i_o distribute_v into_o four_o point_n first_o for_o what_o cause_n 2._o what_o land_n 3._o who_o land_n 4._o to_o who_o these_o land_n may_v be_v sell_v i_o after_o come_v into_o the_o tractate_n of_o legal_a proceed_n which_o may_v be_v use_v in_o our_o court_n of_o
&_o the_o charge_n for_o the_o erect_n &_o maintain_v of_o the_o new_a one_o be_v to_o be_v lay_v on_o the_o level_n so_o that_o it_o behove_v commissioner_n to_o be_v careful_a in_o these_o affair_n else_o thing_n in_o the_o conclusion_n may_v fall_v out_o contrary_a to_o their_o expectation_n for_o it_o be_v well_o say_v that_o rerum_fw-la progressus_fw-la ostendunt_fw-la multa_fw-la quae_fw-la in_o initio_fw-la nec_fw-la praecaveri_fw-la aut_fw-la praevideri_fw-la possunt_fw-la in_o make_v new_a law_n and_o ordinanes_n these_o thing_n be_v also_o considerable_a first_o what_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o law_n be_v which_o be_v to_o be_v enact_v second_o when_o the_o matter_n be_v know_v then_o to_o weigh_v it_o well_o whether_o if_o it_o be_v make_v if_o then_o it_o will_v prove_v necessary_a and_o behooveful_a for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o people_n and_o this_o necessary_a point_n be_v to_o be_v scan_v by_o the_o counsel_n and_o advise_v of_o the_o most_o discreet_a and_o experience_a person_n and_o of_o the_o best_a try_a judgement_n in_o matter_n of_o this_o native_a and_o three_o to_o consider_v what_o charge_n the_o work_n will_v cost_v for_o the_o which_o this_o law_n must_v be_v make_v for_o in_o scripture_n he_o be_v not_o count_v sapient_a that_o before_o he_o build_v a_o house_n will_v not_o first_o count_v the_o charge_n of_o it_o and_o fourthly_a what_o person_n must_v bear_v this_o charge_n lest_o it_o prove_v too_o burdensome_a and_o this_o must_v be_v direct_v by_o the_o ability_n of_o the_o people_n which_o be_v to_o be_v charge_v and_o by_o the_o the_o safety_n and_o commodity_n they_o be_v to_o have_v by_o the_o work_n i_o observe_v also_o that_o this_o statute_n use_v three_o word_n which_o be_v all_o powerful_a in_o signification_n and_o operation_n videlicet_fw-la law_n ordinance_n and_o decree_n and_o i_o think_v it_o fit_v for_o i_o so_o near_o as_o i_o can_v both_o to_o deliver_v the_o definition_n of_o they_o and_o the_o difference_n between_o they_o a_o law_n a_o law_n be_v proper_o a_o matter_n which_o have_v take_v his_o essence_n and_o power_n by_o a_o custom_n time_n out_o of_o memory_n as_o the_o common_a law_n have_v do_v or_o else_o be_v a_o matter_n act_v and_o enact_v in_o parliament_n by_o the_o king_n and_o the_o great_a counsel_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o by_o the_o authority_n thereof_o for_o the_o order_n of_o man_n body_n land_n and_o good_n and_o such_o a_o law_n be_v hereby_o intend_a because_o the_o law_n which_o the_o commissioner_n shall_v make_v have_v the_o power_n of_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n to_o strengthen_v and_o assist_v they_o and_o they_o be_v to_o receive_v life_n and_o perfection_n from_o this_o statute_n i_o read_v on_o ordinance_n a_o ordinance_n be_v a_o word_n have_v a_o more_o private_a and_o less_o powerful_a signification_n than_o the_o word_n law_n have_v for_o it_o be_v a_o law_n but_o of_o a_o secundary_a power_n enact_v by_o a_o corporation_n company_n or_o commission_n proceed_v mere_o out_o of_o the_o power_n and_o prerogative_n of_o the_o king_n by_o charter_n grant_v or_o commission_n warrant_v the_o same_o as_o those_o corporation_n society_n and_o company_n which_o have_v power_n by_o charter_n or_o patent_n to_o make_v the_o same_o as_o be_v set_v forth_o in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n and_o of_o the_o chamberlain_n of_o london_n case_n in_o sir_n edward_n cook_n report_v also_o ordinance_n may_v be_v make_v by_o the_o power_n of_o a_o court_n as_o in_o a_o court_n baron_n to_o make_v order_n or_o by_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o a_o town_n by_o custom_n for_o the_o order_n of_o their_o commons_o repair_v of_o their_o church_n and_o highway_n and_o these_o be_v more_o proper_o by-law_n than_o law_n for_o a_o law_n be_v either_o the_o common_a law_n customary_a law_n or_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n all_o which_o be_v of_o great_a force_n than_o any_o law_n make_v by_o these_o secundary_a mean_n which_o of_o themselves_o be_v of_o little_a or_o no_o strength_n but_o as_o they_o be_v assist_v by_o other_o primary_n power_n decree_n a_o decree_n be_v neither_o a_o law_n nor_o ordinance_n in_o proper_a definition_n but_o be_v only_o a_o sentence_n or_o judgement_n in_o a_o court_n of_o justice_n deliver_v or_o declare_v by_o the_o judge_n there_o by_o and_o through_o the_o power_n &_o strength_n of_o a_o general_a former_a law_n for_o decretum_fw-la est_fw-la sententia_fw-la lata_fw-la super_fw-la legem_fw-la so_o that_o a_o law_n be_v a_o general_a direction_n for_o a_o multitude_n a_o ordinance_n be_v a_o subordinate_a direction_n proceed_v out_o of_o a_o more_o general_a power_n and_o a_o decree_n be_v a_o sentence_n deliver_v for_o or_o against_o a_o particular_a person_n ground_v upon_o the_o say_a law_n and_o ordinance_n continuance_n of_o law_n it_o come_v now_o fit_o for_o i_o in_o turn_n and_o course_n to_o declare_v the_o continuance_n of_o these_o law_n ordinance_n and_o decree_n for_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o some_o of_o they_o be_v but_o temporary_a though_o other_o perpetual_a the_o word_n in_o our_o statute_n be_v that_o every_o statute_n and_o ordinance_n make_v before_o the_o statute_n of_o 23_o h._n 8._o concern_v the_o thing_n and_o matter_n therein_o mention_v as_o well_o in_o the_o time_n of_o h._n 8._o as_o of_o any_o of_o his_o progenitor_n not_o be_v contrary_a to_o this_o statute_n or_o heretofore_o repeal_v shall_v stand_v in_o force_n for_o ever_o and_o be_v command_v to_o be_v put_v in_o due_a execution_n but_o this_o clause_n be_v intend_v of_o all_o act_n of_o parliament_n make_v touch_v the_o sewer_n and_o be_v not_o intend_v or_o mean_v of_o law_n and_o ordinance_n make_v by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n themselves_o law_n and_o decree_n make_v for_o sale_n of_o land_n by_o the_o power_n and_o authority_n of_o this_o statute_n be_v to_o be_v make_v and_o ingross_v into_o parchment_n and_o certify_v under_o the_o seal_n of_o the_o commissioner_n into_o the_o chancery_n and_o the_o king_n royal_a assent_n have_v thereto_o under_o the_o privy_a seal_n shall_v also_o stand_v good_a and_o effectual_a and_o all_o law_n and_o ordinance_n write_v in_o parchment_n and_o indent_a and_o under_o the_o seal_n of_o the_o commissioner_n whereof_o the_o one_o part_n shall_v remain_v with_o the_o clerk_n of_o the_o sewer_n and_o the_o other_o part_n to_o remain_v in_o such_o place_n as_o the_o commissioner_n shall_v appoint_v notwithstanding_o the_o same_o be_v not_o certify_v into_o the_o chancery_n nor_o the_o king_n royal_a assent_n be_v have_v thereto_o shall_v continue_v in_o force_n till_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v alter_v 9_o 13_o eliz._n cap._n 9_o repeal_v or_o make_v void_a by_o another_o commission_n of_o sewer_n although_o the_o former_a commission_n by_o the_o which_o these_o law_n be_v make_v be_v determine_v by_o supersedeas_fw-la the_o commission_n be_v to_o continue_v for_o ten_o year_n from_o the_o date_n thereof_o by_o force_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o 13_o eliz._n yet_o notwithstanding_o el._n 13_o el._n all_o law_n and_o ordinance_n which_o be_v write_v in_o parchment_n indent_a and_o seal_v by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n without_o certify_v into_o the_o chancery_n or_o the_o king_n royal_a assent_n have_v thereto_o shall_v notwithstanding_o the_o determination_n of_o the_o commission_n by_o the_o expiration_n of_o the_o say_v ten_o year_n continue_v in_o force_n for_o one_o whole_a year_n next_o ensue_a to_o be_v put_v in_o execution_n for_o that_o time_n by_o six_o justice_n of_o the_o peace_n whereof_o two_o to_o be_v of_o the_o quorum_fw-la but_o then_o the_o power_n of_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o peace_n be_v cease_v by_o the_o corn_v of_o a_o new_a commission_n of_o sewer_n all_o other_o law_n and_o ordinnce_n of_o sewer_n which_o be_v but_o make_v and_o write_v in_o paper_n or_o which_o be_v but_o in_o parchment_n and_o not_o indent_v or_o which_o be_v indent_v also_o if_o not_o seal_v continue_v in_o force_n no_o long_o than_o that_o commission_n continue_v by_o the_o power_n whereof_o they_o be_v make_v and_o so_o by_o this_o short_a declaration_n i_o have_v make_v the_o commissioner_n may_v the_o better_o observe_v how_o long_a time_n law_n and_o ordinance_n of_o sewer_n be_v to_o continue_v in_o force_n yet_o though_o they_o lose_v their_o vigour_n they_o may_v notwithstanding_o be_v revive_v by_o the_o power_n of_o a_o new_a commission_n or_o remain_v for_o precedent_n for_o after_o age_n to_o imitate_v repeal_n of_o law_n in_o this_o last_o place_n i_o intend_v to_o deliver_v my_o opinion_n what_o law_n ordinance_n and_o decree_n may_v be_v repeal_v alter_v or_o make_v void_a by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n therefore_o it_o be_v first_o to_o be_v consider_v what_o ground_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v in_o repeal_n or_o
alter_v former_a law_n it_o appear_v in_o esther_n that_o the_o law_n of_o the_o mede_n and_o persian_n be_v so_o perdurable_a as_o they_o can_v never_o be_v change_v and_o in_o my_o opinion_n there_o be_v require_v as_o great_a foresight_n judgement_n and_o as_o sound_v discretion_n and_o mature_a deliberation_n in_o repeal_n of_o old_a law_n as_o in_o make_v new_a one_o for_o quae_fw-la preter_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la &_o morem_fw-la major_n '_o fiunt_fw-la neque_fw-la placent_fw-la neque_fw-la recta_fw-la videmur_fw-la i_o have_v note_v how_o careful_o and_o constant_a the_o lord_n of_o the_o parliament_n house_n be_v in_o the_o 20_o year_n of_o h._n 3._o when_o they_o all_o cry_v out_o aloud_o nolumus_fw-la leges_fw-la angliae_fw-la mutare_fw-la see_v therefore_o there_o ought_v to_o be_v great_a care_n in_o make_v law_n so_o must_v there_o be_v great_a heed_n take_v in_o repeal_n of_o law_n and_o because_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v power_n herein_o i_o will_v therefore_o deliver_v my_o opinion_n how_o far_o that_o power_n will_v extend_v and_o if_o one_o note_v this_o branch_n of_o the_o statute_n well_o he_o shall_v well_o perceive_v the_o judicious_a care_n take_v by_o the_o parliament_n in_o pen_v of_o it_o for_o the_o word_n be_v that_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n shall_v have_v power_n and_o authority_n to_o make_v constitute_v and_o ordain_v law_n ordinance_n and_o decree_n and_o the_o same_o law_n and_o ordinance_n omit_v the_o word_n decree_v to_o alter_v repeal_n and_o make_v void_a for_o a_o decree_n be_v a_o judgement_n and_o be_v finis_fw-la operis_fw-la and_o a_o judgement_n can_v be_v reverse_v without_o a_o writ_n of_o error_n neither_o can_v a_o sentence_n or_o a_o decree_n in_o chancery_n be_v reverse_v without_o a_o bill_n of_o review_n neither_o can_v the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n reverse_v a_o judgement_n or_o decree_n of_o sewer_n judicious_o pronounce_v which_o be_v a_o judgement_n upon_o a_o trial_n betwixt_o the_o king_n and_o the_o party_n or_o betwixt_o party_n and_o party_n without_o a_o bill_n of_o reversal_n for_o it_o be_v true_o say_v quod_fw-la naturale_fw-la est_fw-la unum_fw-la quod_n dissolvi_fw-la eo_fw-la ligamine_fw-la quo_fw-la ligatum_fw-la est_fw-la a_o writ_n of_o error_n lay_v at_o the_o common_a law_n for_o to_o reverse_v a_o judgement_n give_v by_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n when_o the_o commission_n be_v in_o latin_a as_o be_v set_v forth_o in_o the_o register_n be_v then_o one_o of_o the_o special_a commission_n of_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n but_o since_o the_o commission_n be_v put_v into_o the_o english_a frame_n the_o writ_n of_o error_n cease_v a_o law_n for_o sale_n of_o land_n ingross_v into_o parchment_n and_o certify_v into_o the_o king_n court_n of_o chancery_n with_o the_o king_n royal_a assent_n have_v thereto_o be_v not_o reversable_a without_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n but_o then_o the_o say_a sale_n must_v be_v make_v according_a to_o the_o form_n frame_n and_o power_n of_o this_o statute_n for_o put_v the_o case_n that_o a._n b._n hold_v his_o land_n of_o i._o s._n by_o the_o payment_n of_o twenty_o shilling_n yearly_a towards_o the_o repair_n of_o such_o a_o bridge_n bank_n or_o wall_n it_o fortune_v that_o a._n b._n pay_v the_o twenty_o shilling_n yearly_a to_o his_o lord_n for_o that_o purpose_n who_o neglect_v to_o pay_v it_o though_o he_o be_v thereto_o order_v and_o assess_v to_o pay_v the_o same_o to_o the_o say_a repair_n by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n the_o seignory_n of_o twenty_o shilling_n yearly_o be_v to_o be_v decree_v and_o not_o the_o land_n for_o that_o the_o fault_n be_v in_o i._o s._n and_o not_o in_o a._n b._n the_o owner_n of_o the_o land_n if_o any_o person_n be_v by_o prescription_n custom_n tenure_n covenant_n or_o otherwise_o bind_v to_o repair_v wall_n bank_n or_o other_o defence_n of_o sewer_n the_o commissioner_n have_v not_o any_o power_n by_o their_o commission_n to_o repeal_v alter_v or_o make_v void_a any_o of_o these_o because_o these_o be_v establish_v by_o the_o common_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o not_o by_o the_o power_n of_o the_o commission_n of_o sewer_n but_o their_o power_n be_v to_o repeal_v alter_v or_o make_v void_a law_n and_o ordinance_n make_v by_o themselves_o or_o by_o the_o power_n of_o their_o commission_n and_o so_o the_o word_n of_o their_o commission_n plain_o describe_v it_o for_o thereby_o they_o have_v power_n to_o make_v law_n and_o ordinance_n and_o the_o same_o to_o repeal_v alter_v and_o make_v void_a so_o they_o must_v be_v the_o same_o and_o no_o other_o and_o herein_o i_o end_v all_o my_o argument_n and_o discourse_n upon_o this_o statute_n for_o i_o account_v all_o the_o rest_n which_o remain_v unspoken_a of_o not_o to_o be_v worthy_a of_o a_o reader_n dialect_n because_o i_o have_v full_o handle_v all_o the_o material_n of_o this_o worthy_a law_n and_o therefore_o i_o may_v just_o â—â—â—clude_v my_o argument_n with_o this_o that_o finitum_fw-la est_fw-la hoc_fw-la opus_fw-la â—_o consumatum_fw-la finis_fw-la