place but D. Egas Nugnes the Earles Gouernor going foorth with a safe-conduct they so treated as vpon a promise which Don Egas made vnto the King that the Earle of Portugall should take an oath of fealtie as to his Soueraigne he returned satisfied into his Countrey without doing any other exploit but the Earle D. Alphonso Henriques would not performe that which his Gouernor had promised wherefore D. Egas went to the King beeing at Toledo and there presenting himselfe at his feete with a halter about his necke he craued pardon for that which he had promised and could not performe which was that the Earle should do him homage for his Earledome of Portugall whom the King pardoned beeing duly informed that hee had done his best indeanour to effect his promise These wars which were the first the Castillans had against the Portugals written by the Historians of Portugall wherof notwithstanding others make no mention past about the year 1127. D. Theresa for that time had no ease Her sister D. Vrraca made her residence in Saint Vincents church beeing streightly garded yet they say that going one day to Saint Isidores church in Leon to take the treasure which her father and grandfather had giuen vnto that place as she was carrying this prey Death prodigious to D. Vrraca of Castile hauing one foote within and another without the doore shee burst in the middest a worthie and condigne punishment due for the adulteries which shee had committed and the murthers which ensued not long after to the preiudice and dishonour of the Kings house and of all the Christian Estate in Spaine as also for the sacriledge Others say that shee dyed in the Castell of Saldagne beeing brought in bed of a child by stealth So Don Alphonso Raymond remayned destitute and without a mother About that time the king of Castile prouoked by the Moores who were entered into the Territories of Toledo marched farre into their countrey and tooke from them by a long and painefull seege Calatraua taken from the Moores the towne of Calatraua the which he gaue to the Archbishop of Toledo beeing a great fauourer of the Church and Clergie into the which he put a good garrison the which some beleeue were Templers who were wonderfully increased and growne exceeding rich euen in Spaine After which D. Alphonso Raymond tooke from the Infidels Alarcos Caracuel Almodouar del campo and other places whereof he fortfied some and razed others At that time there raigned ouer the Moores in Spaine and Affricke Hâ—li Aben-Tefin the third Miralmumin and last of the Almorauides vpon whom the King of Castile extended his limits vnto the Mountaines called Sierra Morena where he fortified Pedroche then he past into Andalousia with a great army and layd feege vnto the towne of Iaen but it was in vaine for being valiantly defended by the Moores he was forced to retire and returned with his army into Castile This King D. Alphonso had married D. Berenguela Cattelogne daughter to Don Raymond Arnould Earle of Barcelone An. 1131. who dyed in the yeare 1131. hauing held the Earledome eight and forty yeares A little before his death he made himselfe of the Order of Saint Iohn of Hierusalem called the Hospitaliers The Earledome of Prouence was fallen vnto him in the right of his wife D. Doulce and of other lands in France whereof hee caused himselfe to be called Marquis Genealogie of Cattelogne by which Lady he had two sonnes D. Raymond Berenger who succeeded him in the principalitie of Cattelogne and afterward came by marriage to the Crowne of Arragon and D. Berenger Raymond who was Earle or Marquis of Prouence thus ordered by his will of D. Doulce was also borne D. Berenguela Queene of Castille and two other daughters who were married into France The Earledome of Prouence had beene in question betwixt D. Raymond Arnould and the Earle of Tholousa and Saint Giles but their sute after many delayes was ended by accord which was That the lands of Prouence lying betwixt the riuers of Durance and Isera making at this day a part of Daulphine should belong vnto the Earle of Tholousa with the Castell of Beaucaire the Lands of Argence Castell of Bolobrege and the moitie of the cittie of Auignon and of Pont de Sorge the rest should remaine to the Earle of Barcelone According vnto this diuision D. Berenger Raymond did inherit Prouence and there was added that if any of the parties dyed without lawfull heires the other should succeede Among other Articles of D. Raymond Arnoulds restament he ordained that if his heires dyed without lawfull children his daughter Berenguela Queene of Castile and Leon and D. Ximena wife to Roger Earle of Foix should succeed By this noble and vertuous Queene D. Berenguela D. Alphonso king of Castile Genealogie of Castile had foure children D. Sancho who was king of Castile hee was bred vp in his youth and gouerned by D. Gâ—itiere Fernandes de Castro The second D. Fernand who did inherite the Realmes of Leon and Gallicia and two daughters D. Isabella called by some D. Constance wife to the French King Lewis the young the seuenth of that name he that did put away Elenor Countesse of Poictiers heire of Guienne daughter to Count Willyam who after this diuorce married with Henry Duke of Aniou and Normandie who beeing heire to the Crowne of England had long and cruell warres against the French by reason of this Ladies patrimonie the which continued aboue three hundred yeares vnto King Charles the seuenth The second dughter which D. Alphonso had by D. Berenguela was called D. Sancha or by others D. Beacia who was Queene of Nauarre hauing married the king D. Sancho surnamed the Wise or the Valiant as others write There is to be seene among the tombes which are in the great Chappell of the Monasterie of Ogna an inscription of D. Garcia who they imagine was sonne to the sayd D. Alphonso who had a second wise daughter to Vladislaus Duke of Polonia called D. Riâ—a by whome he had one daughter called D. Sancha who was married to D. Alphonso the fixt king of Arragon the second of that name He had familiar acquaintance with two Gentlewomen whereof the one which was called D. Maria brought him a daughter called D. Stephana or Estienette the other which was called D. Gontrude bare him D. Vrraca who was first married to D. Garcia Ramires King of Nauarre and for her second husband she married a wise and valiant Knight called D. Aluaro Rodrigues without any respect of her degree falling from a Queene to be the wife of a simple Knight it may be the Ladies of those times had no such haughtie spirits as they haue at this day or else could not distinguish betwixt vertue and fortune D. Stephana her sister was married to another Knight of the house of Castro whome they called D. Fernand Rodrigues the Castillan from whom issued a sonne called D. Pedro Fernandes de
had the gouernement of the Church who gaue credit to the image of Saint Marie of Nieua and beganne to build the Church thereof the which was afterwards augmented by the Queene Donna Catherina This image was sound by one Peter who for that cause was furnamed Of good aduenture who hauing found it aduertised the bishop It is much reuerenced by the Spaniards who hold that shee doth wonderfull and great miracles The yeare 1400. at what time the Iubile was the Spaniards going about to set vp a An. 1400. great Bell in the Church at Seuile all the people being assembled and the King D. Henry being in the tower a sudden tempest with lightning slue many scattered the rest and amazed the whole citty In the yeare 1401. 1401. there was some likelihood of an agreement betwixt the Kings of France and Castile and Pope Benedict attending the determination of a general Councel The Christian Princes which did acknowledge him besides these were the kings of Arragon Nauarre Scotland Cypres and the Duke of Sauoy The rest of the Potentats did adhere vnto Pope Boniface residing at Rome but Benedict was not long in quiet for the Cardinals and Clergie which were about him whereof the chiefe was Iohn of Nouacastello Cardinall of Ostia borne in Burgondy rebelled against him being fauoured and sollicited by the French yea there were sent to Auignon by the duke of Orleance brother to king Charles Robin of Bracamont and William of Mollon who set guards about the Popes pallace â—â—ards set aâ—out the Popes pallace and kept him as it were prisoner for that hee would not voluntarily relinquish his Popedome But the king of Arragon mediating for him he sent Don Iames Prades his Constable who procured him his libertie and that hee should be obeyed in the Countie of Venice In this tumult there were onely three Cardinals which shut themselues vp with the Pope which were Pampelona Girone and Saint Adrian many men of accompt endured much especially Nauarrois and aboue all Don Martin of Salua Cardinall of Pampelona Don Bertrand of Gramont Pronotarie and Master of the sacred pallace and others This Pope aduanced to the Archbishoprick of Toledo a nephew of his sonne to his brother D. Iohn Martin of Luna beeing Doctor of the Canon law and administrator of the church of Tarragone he was also called D. Pedro de Luna but he was not so soone consecrated The affaires of Castile being reasonable quite the Infant Don Fernand the Kings brother and Duke of Pegnafiel was perswaded by some Noblemen to take vppon him the gouernement of the Realme pretending that the king D. Henries infirmitie and continuall paine was the cause he could not intend it so as many things succeeded not well but this was but a cloake to couer the enuie which they bare to D. Ruy Lopes of Aualos Constable of Castile on whom the king relyed giuing him great authority in all things thoroughout the Realme Famiâ—y of Auaâ— lâ—s issued â—ot of Nauarre This Constable was borne at Vbeda of meane parentage but honest whose auncestors came out of Nauarre he was a man of great courage and singular iudgement in matters of warre or in any other charge that was committed vnto him It therefore grieued these Noblemen of great houses to be commanded by him seeking to thrust forward the Infant D. Fernand to disturbe the State But D. Fernand was no fit instrument for their desseins for if there were euer an obedient brother and patient in all things it was he besides being of a slow spirit affaires of great consequence did ouercharge him neither did he willingly vndertake them Finally he was a louer of peace and enemie to warre and tumults For these causes he reiected them that would haue him gouerne shewing them the inconueniences and scandals which would grow by such enterprises exhorting them that if his brother did not seeme vnto them very profitable by reason of his infirmities they should attend the remedie from the prouidence of God with patience This Prince Don Fernand was as we haue sayd married to D. Leonora Countesse of Albuquerque who was heire to many Estates in Spaine For besides the Earledome of Albuquerque and the fiue townes of Infantazgo the townes of Haro Bironâ— Cerezo Vilhorado Ledesma Codesera Azagala Alconchel Medellin and Alconeta were of her patrimony besides the which king Iohn had giuer her Villalon and Vruegna in exchange of other places She was first called Vrraca but she changed it she was a vertuous Ladie and noble in all her actions hauing many children by her husband as we will shew treating of the affaires of Arragon In the yeare 1403. the riuer of Guadalquibir did so swell as it came ouer the wals of Seuile and couered the houses in the lower parts with great losse of men and goods To preuent which accident the diligence of Alphonso of Toro Gouernour for the iustice of that city is much commended The yeare 1405. 1405. Genealogie of Castile was happie and ioyful to the Castillans by reason of the birth of the Infant Don Iohn heire of those Realmes in the towne of Toro Queene Katherine hauing had before D. Maria at Segobia in the yeare 1401. who was Queene of Arragon A while after she brought the king another daughter called Katherine by the mothers name and was future wife to D. Henry Master of Saint Iames third sonne to the Infant D. Fernand. Pope Boniface the ninth being dead a little before seuen Cardinals did chuse the Archb. of Rauenna called Cosmat borne at Sulmona in the realme of Naples being Cardinal of S. Cruz Innocent the 7. chosen Pope in the place of Boniface the 9 whom they named Innocent the 7. So as the schisme continued stil in the Romish Church His competitor Benedict passed the alpes and came to Genoua to conferre with some Potentates of Italy of the meanes how to cease the schisme Beeing there he did consecrate his nephew D. Pedro de Luna Archb. of Toledo and Primate of Spaine and moreouer made another Archb 9. Bishops and 8. Abbots Hee had in his traine that famous Preacher Vincent of the house of Ferreres of Valencia who then preached in the citty of Genoua and since in many other places and especially in Spaine with a great opinion of holines By the death of D. Diego Hurtado of Mendoça high Admirall of Castile which happened the same yeare there was aduanced to the place D. Alphonso Henriques younger brother to the Earle of Transtamara and to his lands and goods which were as great as any Noblemans in Castile succeeded his sonne D. Inigo Lopes of Mendoça a famous personage D. Iohn of Castile one of the base sons of the king D. Pedro had secretly married himselfe in prison to the daugther of Bertrand Erillo his keeper of whom he begat Peter and Constance Constance was a Nunne in the Monasterie of S. Dominicke the royall of Madrid Peter being condemned to perpetuall prison escaped
of that realme The Ambassador who was Lewis Gonçales of Luna Gouernor of Cordoua found King Mahumet averse to those conditions which the King of Castile demaunded wherefore he returned without any conclusion reporting how little assurance there was of the Moores faith which made the King of Castile to thinke vpon the affaires of that frontier and to man it well sending some presents to the King of Tunes by Lopes Alphonso of Lorca his Ambassador with complaints against the King of Granado intreating him that he would not succor him in the warre which he was resolued to make against him Mahumet Aben-Azar King of Granado was as we haue said restored to his regal seat in the yeere 1429. Moores two yeeres after his exile who shewed himselfe thankefull to the King of Castile for the fauour and aide which he had giuen him in the recouery of his realme sending sundry Ambassages vnto him with offers and thankes but refusing this yeere to pay the tribute and pensions to the King of Castile which he demaunded of friends they became enemies and the warre was begunne by Diego of Riuera Gouernor of the frontier who running through the plaine of Granado tooke aboue two hundred horse and towards Ronda D. Fernando Aluares of Toledo Lord of Val de Corneja did great spoiles vpon the Moores The King of Castile meaning to imploy D. Diego Gomes of Sandoual Earle of Castro Xeris in this warre hee sent for him to court but the Earle distrusting the King retired to Briones a place belonging to Nauarre from whence hee sent to maek his excuse but it was not allowed Wherevpon the King caused his processe to bee made and by a sentence giuen at Zamora hee was condemned by contumacy as a rebell his castle of Castro Xeris was confisked and deliuered by the Captaine thereof to Iohn of Luxan Castro Xeris confisked Ramir of Tamojo and to Doctor Fernand Diâ—s of Toledo whom the King had sent thether The Earle hauing many great men and of the Kings fauorits which hated him durst neuer more appeare in his presence Before he entred into Granado Don Iohn King of Castile Portugal keeping his Court at Medina del Campo was sollicited by the Ambassadors of Portugal to make a perpetuall pâ—ace betwixt the two realmes wherevnto hee consented and it was sworne in the yeare one thousand foure hundred thirty and one by the two Kings and their eldest sonnes and next successors to the Crowne Don Henry of Castile Prince of the Asturiaes and Don Edward of Portugall Peace betwixt Portugal and Castâ—â—e This peace did end all quarrels betwixt Portugal and Castile and continued fortie three yeares to the great good of both realmes This yeare dyed Don Nugno Aluares Pereira first Constable of Portugal by vertue whereof Don Iohn from being Maister of Auiz came to the royall dignity This great personage towards the end of his dayes possest with a superfluous deuotion left the affaires of the world whereas hee mought haue serued God well and beene profitable to the common-weale retyring himselfe into the Monasterie of the Carmelites in the citty of Lisbone which he had built and there he liued very solitarie and simply almost nine yeares The Portugals speake wonders of the almes-deeds fastings prayers and other workes tending to piety of this Noble man as well in his Monasticall life as before Besides the Carmelites at Lisbone he caused S. Georges Church to bee built in the place of battaile at Aljubarote Religious buildings of the Constable Don Nugno Aluares Pereira that of Saint Mary of Villa viciosa the great Chappell of the religious of Saint Augustin in the same place the Church of Saint Mary de Monte Saint Mary of Portel and Saint Mary of Sonsel and others Before hee retired himselfe hee distributed his goods after this manner To Don Diego his grand-child borne of Donna Beatrix his daughter and of Don Alphonso Earle of Barcellos her husband hee gaue the Earldome of Oren with all the lands which hee held in Extremadura at Lisbone and there-abouts To Don Ferdinand his other grand-child borne of the aboue named heire afer his father of the Duchie of Bragance and who succeeded in the Earledome of Arroyolos with all the rents hee had on this side Tayo and Vdiana To Don Isabella sister to his two grand-children maried to the Infant D. Iohn Maister of Saint Iames of Portugal the Kings Sonne who was the second Constable of that realme hee gaue the lands of Lonsada Payua and Tendanes and the Towne of Almadaan with the rents of Loule and to his familiar vassalls and houshold seruants he diuided his money horses armes apparrell and moueables And thus naked and discharged of all temporall goods hee entred into the Monasterie where hee was possest with so strong an opinion to merit heauen by austoritie of life trauell and affliction of his body as hee resolued to seperate himselfe more from the company of men and to liue alone in desarts if the King Don Iohn and Prince Edward his Sonne had not diuerted him shewing how much it would hurt the estimation which all men had of him and of his wisdome wherefore hee contained himselfe in his Monasterie vntill his death which was in the yeare 1431. and 71. of his age The end of the eighteenth Booke SEMPER EADEM THE NINETEENTH BOOKE of the Generall History of Spaine The Contents 1 VVArre betwixt the Castillans and Moores seditions among the Princes Moores 2 Troubles in Castile 3 D. Edward the first of that name and 11. King of Portugal his disposition title of Prince of Portugal first vsurped by the eldest c. 4 Pursute of the warre of Naples after the death of Queene Ioane the second by the Kings of Arragon 5 Combats in Castile and else-where warre of Granado 6 Peace betwixt the Kings of Castile Nauarre and Arragon Alliance betwixt them by the marriage of Prince Henry of Castile with D. Blanch Infanta of Nauarre 7 Vnfortunate warre of the Portugals in Affrike 8 Quarrell betwixt the Princes of Castile and the Constable D. Aluaro de Luna with his Insolencies 9 D. Iohn of Pacheco mignion to Prince Henry of Castile comes to bee the greatest man of the Realme 10 Marriage of Prince Henry and the Infanta of Nauarre the Princes dishability to consummate the marriage New troubles against the King 11 D. Alphonso the fifth of that name and 12. King of Portugal gouerned by his mother and the troubles which ensued 12 Continuance of the quarrels and factions in the court of Castile 13 Successe of the warre of Naples made by D. Alphonso the fifth King of Naples 14 Second marriage of D. Iohn King of Nauarre with D. Ioane Henriques Continuance of the troubles 15 Proceedings against the King of Nauarre and them of his faction Seazure of their goods in Castile Battaile of Olmedo lost by the King of Nauarre Condemnation of his confederats 16 The Constable D. Aluaro de Luna restored
gouernement whereof was giuen and made ouer to his Steward Andrew de Cabrera one newly come into Castile and borne at Barcelona sonne to Iohn Fernandes and Grand child to Andrew de Cabrera Neuerthelesse for that time hee commaunded no where but in the towne for the fort remayned in the power of the Master of Saint Iames and because the plague was very hotte within the Cittie of Segouia the King nor the Master would not come into the towne but retired and went backe to Casa Rubias whither came Don Lewis of Mendoza with a procuration from Queene Ioane as Protectresse of her daughter in whose name hee protested that the oath made to the Princesse Izabella was of no force nor efficacie and appealed to the Pope from the dispensations made by the Legate but small account was made thereof Now did the Master of Saint Iames consider with himselfe that the discontentment of the Marquis of Santillana and the other Lords of the house of Mendoza with Pedro de l'clasco might produce and bring foorth some bad effects Hee who seemed to bee borne to commaund tooke in hand to appease and qualifie them and did inuite them to meere at Villarejo belonging to the Order of Saint Iames there to consult and determine about the affaires of State with the Kings Commissioners Thither came Don Pero Gâ—â—çales of Mendoza New treaties of marriages â—se a foot by the Master of S. Iames. Bishoppe of Siguença and Don Pedro Velasco on the one side and the Arch-bishoppe of Seuille the Master of Saint Iames and the Earle of Plaisance on the other They did conclude that the Princesse Izabella should marrie with Alphonso King of Portugall who was a widdower and Donna Ioane with his eldest sonne called Don Iohn heire to the Kingdome and her cousin-germaine with condition that if the Princesse Izabella by this marriage should haue no children that then the issue of Donna Ioane should succeed in the Kingdome of Castile for the conclusion and confirmation of which marriages there should be an enterview of the King and Queene of Castile and the King of Portugall This agreement did not please the Ladies for the Princesse Izabella had no desire to marrie with a widower and the Queen feared that vnder color of this meeting she shold be cast off and sent home to Portugall according to the treatie at la Venta du Tor de Guisando wherefore both of them resisted this determination with all their power by reason wherof the Lords of Mendoza and Velasco were very angry with the Queene and her daughter The Master of S. Iames sollicited K. Henry to send Ambassadors into Portugal to request the king to meet thinking by his coming to win the Princesse to condiscend thereunto And not long after the bishop of Siguença and Don Pedro de Velasco beeing with the king perswaded him notwithstanding the Queenes obstinacy vnder-hand to fauour D. Ioane not acquainting the Arch-bishop of Scuill nor the Princesse Izabella therewith These businesses beeing managed with such inconstancie there arriued daily messengers at Court who complayned for that the King had caused this new oath to be made to his sister which most men thought to be a beginning of greater troubles than before and also because that diuers other great Lords of the Kingdome were not called to determine vppon a matter of so great consequence And indeed all those which were discontented therewith did ioyne themselues in league with the Arch-bishoppe of Toledo who thought himselfe to bee ill dealt with for that he had not the Princesse Izabellain his keeping as in time before In the meane time disorders were still committed in diuers Prouinces especially in Andalusia where this yeare Don Iohn de Guzman Duke of Medina Sidonia and Earle of Niebla dyed in whose goods lands and dignityes Don Henry de Guzman his bastard-sonne succeeded It hapned at the same time neere to Toledo that as an husband-man of the countrie called Pero Moro did reape a corne-field at the very first stroake which hee gaue with his sickle great quantitie of bloud issued foorth of the stalkes the which his sons perceyuing who were at worke in the same field came running vnto him thinking that he had hurt himselfe but seeing he had no harme they returned to their labour and cut downe the corne in the same place where their father wrought and at euery stroake they fetched great store of bloud issued which they signified to the Lord of the place who caused it to be recorded for a strange prodigie Whilest the affaires of Castile stood vppon these tearmes King Iohn of Arragon being ridde of his enemie Don Pedro of Portugall Arragon and Nauarre did labour by all meanes after the taking of Tortosa to reduce the Barcelonois to their duties but they like obstinat enemies to their Prince would not hearken thereunto Great were the alterations which they had among themselues after the death of this Portugois Some were of opinion to bring their state into the forme of a Common-wealth like Genoa Venice and other places of Italy and others councelled to returne to the obedience of King Iohn Each of these opinions being reiected they elected for their King Reneé of Aniou Duke of Lorraine and Earle of Prouence Renee Aniou made king of Arragon a Prince of the royall bloud of France who beeing alreadie old and decrepite yet neuerthelesse desirous of the title of King did accept the offer and hauing with the consent of King Lewis the eleuenth leauied souldiers in France sent his sonne Iohn Duke of Calabria or Lorrayne into Spaine who at Manreça ioyned with the Cattelans and hauing drawne diuers of the County of Rossillon to his deuotion he went and beseeged Girona where Peter of Rocabertin was Gouernour who foorthwith aduertised King Iohn thereof who by reason of his indisposition and blindnes could not come thither in person to ayde them but sent his son Prince Fernand accompanied with diuers Lords and Knights vnto whom aboue all other things hee recommended the Princes person beeing on his way from Tortosa towards Girona Queene Ioane his mother who loued him dearely followed him the next day after vpon the newes of the Princes comming the Duke of Calabria raysed his seege and retired himselfe to Denjat from whence he went to Barcelona and then returned with succors in great secrecie and no lesse danger The Prince D. Fernand desirous to looke vppon the enemie being come neere to the place and prouoking the French-men to battell they being fortifyed with a great number of men at armes which K. Lewis had sent them vnder the conduct of the Earle of Armignac The Arragonois defeated by the French came forth into the fields and fought and vanquished the Arragonois the Prince Don Fernand narrowly escaping from beeing taken who had good meanes offered to saue himselfe thorough the indeauours of Rodrigo of Rebolledo who was taken in his stead and brought to Barcelona and afterwards redeemed for tenne
such courtesie and modestie he got honour and wealth for himselfe and the Kings his masters vnto whom hee sent great treasures in recompence whereof he was made great Commander of Alcantara Columbus his fourth and last voyage to the Indies Then was the Admirall Columbus permitted to go to sea who departed with foure Caruels set foorth at the Kings cost with an hundred threescore and ten saylers but beeing come to the mouth of the riuer Oçman in the Island of Hispagniola the Gouernour Nicholas d' â—uanda would not suffer him to come into the city of S. Domingo wherfore he sayled to the port Escondido or hidden and after came to the riuer and cape of Fig-trees from whence he ran more then three hundred and seuenty leagues alongst the Southerne coast desirous to find a passage beyond the Equinoctiall he came to a place called Nombre de Dios and from thence returned to Cuba and foorth-with passed to Iamaica where he lost two Caruels In this Iland the Admirall had many crosses for most of his people fell sicke there to the death then they mutined and would haue slaine one another Francisco de Porras Treasurer of his nauie being author of that sedition and besides that the Indians refused to giue him victuals which did greatly trouble him for this he found a present remedie and beeing a good Astronomer he knew that the day following there would bee a great Ecclipse of the Moone Columbus foretels an Eclipse of the Moone to the Indians to feare them he told the idolatrous Indians that if they gaue him not victuals they should all of them die of the plague and for a true token thereof they should the morrow after see the Moone appeare all bloudie the which by reason of the Eclipse became duskie and spotted the Indians were so greatly amazed thereat as they besought the Admirall to pardon them and to reconcile them to the Moone and brought him more victuals then he had need of Hauing remained a yeare in Iamayca the Admirall Columbus returned into Spayne from whence he neuer afterwards did stirre this was his fourth and last voyage to the Indies The same course held king Manuel in his nauigation to the East Indies wherein hee spared no cost Portugal for hauing had ample information of the whole voyage of Calicut by D. Vasco de Gama he had sent thither in the yeare 1500. a Nauie of twelue Carauels vnder the command of Captaine Pero Aluares Cabralde a Gentleman of Portugal followed by other Gentlemen manned with fifteene hundred souldiers carrying along with him fiue Friars and good store of merchandize to exchange for spices and other things which the East produceth all of it according to the order and appointment of Don Vasco de Gama These Caruels hauing sayled in view of the Ilands of the Canaries and arriued at S. Iames as they discouered the Isle of Bresill there appeared to them a Comet with long and fearefull beames towards the East continuing their voyage there arose so great and strange a tempest as by day the water of the sea seemed as blacke as pitch and in the night like to fire which swallowed foure of those shippes the rest of the Naâ—y sayling on in great danger came in sight of cape Double and from thence arriued at Mosambique then sayling towards Melinde and beyond that to Anjauina they came at last within a league of Calicut from whence he beganne to contract with the King of the same countrie but afterwards they fell at oddes which caused losse to either of them Vppon this occasion Pero Aluares Cabralda went into the land of Malabar belonging to the King of Cochin with whome he agreed and found meanes to lade his ships with spices and so returning homewards he touched at the cape of Good hope and from thence to Lisbone where he arriued in Iuly in the yeare 1501. 1501. with sixe Carauels of twelue that hee carried out with him hauing beene in that voyage neere sixteene moneths Before his returne Iohn de la Nueua Gallego Voyage of Iohn de la Nueua a Portugal departed from Lisbon with three shippes and a Caruell for the selfe same voyage of Calicut but King Manuel conceyuing in his mind to find a way to the Isles of Moluccos and those countries where the spices grow he sent the same yeare 1501. a skilfull marriner called Americus Vespucius a Florentine with foure Carauels who passed not much farther then Saint Augustines Cape and without taking notice of the great riuer of siluer or Rio de Plata he returned home The yeare 1502. Don Vasco de Gama An. 1502. Admirall of Portâ—gall was againe sent by the King into the East D Vasco de Gama his second voyage with thirteene shippes and three Carauels manned with great numbers of Gentlemen and souldiers with Merchandizes munitions and victuals and all other things necessarie for so long and painefull a voyage and within few dayes after hee sent other fiue shippes to follow Don Vasco commanded by Stephano Gamo By these were new lands discouered to the great profit and commodity of the nations of Europe This same yeare King Manuel had by his wife Queene Mary Birth of prince Iohn of Portugal a sonne called Iohn who succeeded him in the Kingdome the day of whose birth was rainy and such thunder and lightning on the day of his christening as the Royall pallace was in danger of beeing burned And the yeare following 1503. his daughter the Infanta Izabella was born An. 1503. who came to be Empresse of Germany Birth of D. Isabella and was mother to king Philip the second deceased Don Vasco beeing returned from his luckie and prosperous voyage king Manuel gaue no intermission to that most profitable and honorable nauigation but the Portugals hauing raised warre in the East betwixt the Kings of Calicut and Cochin tooke the King of Cochins part beeing by him receyued and welcommed into his countrie and hauens so as he of Calicut did in short time know that he had greatly erred in wronging his guests The yeare 1504. King Manuel hauing notice of this warre An. 1504. was displeased therewith and set foorth a Nauy of twelue great shippes Voyage of Lopes Suares de Meneses Don Lopes Suares de Mereses beeing Admiral of the same who arriued in safetie at Cochin by meanes whereof they did greatly encrease the renowne of the Portugals and established the trafficke pourchasing their King friends not onely among those Easterne people but also tributarie Princes for his seruants These conquests were pursued by Ferdinand of Almeyda and Alphonso of Albuquerque and other vertuous and valiant Captaines which haue continued those voyages since and by meanes thereof haue carried some knowledge of the name of Iesus Christ to those barbarous and vnbeleeuing people The Court of Castile lying at Alcala de Henares the yeare 1503. the Princesse D. Ioane was there brought in bed of a sonne who
Leonor his wife by his will excluded the daughters from the succession of Sicile ordayning that if in his posterity the males should faile the Realme should bee vnited to that of Arragon Wee haue sayd before that D. Pedro King of Arragon had promised to marry D. Ieanne the eldest daughter of Nauarre Treaty of marriage betwixt D. Pedro King of Arragon and D. Maria of Nauarre but this marriage tooke no effect for hee did more affect Mary the second daughter of King Philip procuring him and Queene Ieanne to yeeld therevnto wherefore he sent for his Ambassadors into France Iohn Sanches of Marojal Chamberlaine of the great church of Sarragossa and Garcia Loris a knight who in his name concluded a marriage at Anet with the Infant Mary who was not yet twelue yeeres old and it was accorded by the matrimonial contract that for want of heires male of King Philip and Queene Ieanne his wife Mary the second daughter should inherit the realme of Nauarre and not the elder The King and Queene of Nauarre did binde themselues to giue her in dowry three score thousand Sanchots and for assurance of this marriage there were giuen in deposito by King Philip the castles of Arguedas Saint Cara Estacha Murillo Gallipenço and Burgui and for the King of Arragon Sos los Fayos Borja Saluatierra Malon and Campdalijub which places were put into the hands of certaine gentlemen to be deliuered to any of these Princes to whose preiudice the accord had beene broken The King of Arragon assigned Tarracone Iacca and Teruel for his wiues ioynter and it was agreed that the Princesse should bee deliuered vnto the Inhabitants of Tudele within a certaine time and there kept by them to bee deliuered vnto her spouse being full twelue yeeres old and moreouer as at the reception of King Philip it had beene capitulated that the first sonne borne of Queene Ieane his wife beeing come to the age of twenty yeeres they should deliuer him the realme to gouerne and that the Estates should bee bound to pay him a hundred thousand Sanchots in like manner if Donna Maria the future Queene of Arragon should come to the succession of the Realme of Nauarre the Estates should bee bound to pay him the like sum of money These were the principal Articles of this marriage which was soone after accomplished In the yeere of our Lord 1337 An. 1337. the King D. Pedro being come to Valence he sent Bernard of Villaragut Arnaud Morera and Azbert Caliaza Ambassadors to the Pope to doe him homage for the Islands of Corsica and Sardinia In this last the Estate was then somewhat quiet for Azon and Iohn Marquisses of Malespine sonnes to Opicin Damian Bernabas and Brancaleon d' Oria Earles of Donoratico the townes left vnto the Pisans demanteled and without any munition Peter Iuge of Arborea with Murian and Iohn his brethren all holding lands and beeing subiects in the Island conteined themselues in the friendship of the new King of Arragon and did willingly acknowledge him for their superior The rest of the family of Oria for a wrong newly receiued from Raymond of Cardona had beene forcebly drawne vnto it who notwithstanding by the intercession of the Pope and the Kings of France and Sicile had beene receiued into sauour and restored to their goods Such was the Estate of Arragon at D. Pedro comming to the crowne 18 D. Alphonso King of Castille hauing made a peace with the Nauarrois Castille found himselfe freed of a great care beeing ready to fall into new broiles by the practises of his owne subiects This Prince thinking to raigne more securely had taken a course of extreame seuerity shewing himselfe cruel and treacherous to his Nobility whereby hee was feared Cruelty makes Kings to bee feared but withal they loose the loue of their subiects but withall he lost the loue and respect of his subiects so as he was no sooner freed from one daunger but hee fell into an other worse then the first wherefore this distrust lying smothered in the heart of D. Iohn Manuel D. Iohn Nugnes de Lara D. Pero Fernandes de Castro D. Iohn Alphonso of Albuquerque and others reconciled heretofore vnto the King by necessity rather then of their owne free will they held a Maxime That a tyrant being offended will at some time reuenge himselfe and therefore they must not trust him A Tyrant offended is neuer truly reconciled vpon any reconciliation who to pacefie the troubles which had growne by his owne error had made no difficulty to sacrifize vpon the peoples spleene his owne Mignons degrading and in the end murthering and condemning them as traitors after their death yea the Princes of his owne bloud rapting their goods and Estates and depriuing the lawfull heires seeking to raigne ouer free men and of generous spirits as ouer beasts intreating them as base and effeminate slaues who might not speake their opinions freely in matters of state and gouernment of the which they were held dead members and without feeling wherefore if they were men hauing vnderstanding and reason they should neuer forget the nature of D. Alphonso who was proud a contemner of all law and treacherous yea they proceeded so farre as Don Iohn Manuel withdrew himselfe from the subiection of King D. Alphonso by protestation and publike act The Noblemen beeing thus ill affected to their King VVarre in Castille made by the rebels they made a league during the warre of Nauarre with D. Alphonso King of Portugall and did incense him to take armes for their defence but their attempts had no better successe then the precedent for D. Alphonso King of Castille meaning to preuent these disorders gaue commendement throughout all the Prouinces of his Realme to suppresse all those that should take armes without his priuity and warrant seeking by all meanes to keepe the Rebelles diuided one from an other Moreouer hauing some fealing that cruelty was to violent a remedie for men that were nobly borne hee sought by all milde and courteous meanes to diuide them and to draw some of them vnto his seruice the which he effected with D. Pero Fernandes de Castro and D. Iohn Alphonso of Alburquerque who abandoned their companions And not able to doe the like with the rest he went in person to beseege D. Iohn Nugnes Lara being in Lerma and gaue order that in other parts of the Realme they should seize vpon the houses and persons of other rebels beseeging and forcing them if they made resistance VVarre made by Portugal against Castile and aboue al he sent against D. Iohn Manuel the orders of holy knights The seege being before Lerma there were many skirmishes and furious incounters wherevpon the King of Portugall tooke occasion to declare himselfe sending word vnto the King of Castile that he should leaue D. Iohn Nugnes de Lara in peace who he sayd was his vassal where of the King of Castile made no great esteeme but
sent their Deputies to informe the king what wrong he should do himselfe if hee should alienate such a place from the Crown the which besides the great commerce by reason of the forges of Iron and steele which were continually set a worke thereabouts was a fort of great consequence vppon the which there might be many desseines made for the castell which was then entire was impregnable beseeching him to be an eye witnesse and to passe by the place remembring that the Inhabitants of Mondragon had beene alwaies faithfull vnto him and that during the warres betwixt him and the King Don Pedro they had alwayes followed his partie The king promised to passe by their towne wherefore the Inhabitants thereof and of the countrie thereabouts beganne to make the lower way which goes from that towne to Ognate whereas before they wer forced to passe the mountaine called Bacue to the end the King should not be tyred with passing ouer it This passage is at this day called Euripide a corrupted word in sted of Erreguevide the which in that countrie language signifies a way for the king The King Don Henry hauing viewed the situation of the towne and fort with the commodities thereof and considered of the Inhabitants reasons he would not yeeld vnto the petition of Don Bertrand of Gueuara but he gaue him in recompence the valley of Leniz with all iurisdiction both ciuill and criminall This valley was wont to depend vppon Mondragon but then it was taken from it and the sayd Bertrand and his successors haue enioyed it for the space of an hundred fourescore and two yeares or there-abouts vnto the yeare 1556. when it was vnited vnto the Crowne by a decree of the Kings Councell of Castile The king parting from Mondragon returned to Burgos from whence he past to Leon and then to Seuile Whilest that the king of Arragon was attentiue to the warre against the English the Infant Don Iames of Majorca Arragon husband to the Queene of Naples entred into Cattelogne with fifteene hundred lances beeing assisted by the Kings of France and Castile and by the Duke of Aniou where he did much harme On the other side Bernard bastard of Foix first Duke of Medina Celi and Geoffrey Rechon a Knight of Brittanie Lord of Aguilar del campo allyed and friends to the Infant of Majorca spoyled the countrie of Arragon by Medina Celi the which did wonderfully trouble the King of Arragon and made him studie how hee might speedily end the controuersies which he had with the king Don Henry The Infant Don Iames of Majorca hauing spoyled Cattelogne past into Arragon to do the like but he was forced to retire for want of victuals leading his armie into Castile where he fell sicke and dyed in Almaçan in the beginning of the yeare 1375. His troupes returned into Gasconie with Iohn of Malestit their chiefe leader In this armie was Ieanne of Majorca Marquesse of Montferrat sister to the deceased Don Iames who past also into Gasconie Some were of opinion that this attempt of the Infant of Majorca was not without the intelligence of some great men of Arragon who had drawne him into the countrie whereof the king made diligent informations At that time there was so great a dearth in Arragon as they were forced to begge a passage for corne out of Affricke and Mauritania the which did warrant the country from this inuasion more then any resistance that the king D. Pedro could make This yeare 1374. the King of Castile redeemed from Bertrand of Guesclin Constable of France An. 1374. Castille the towne of Soria and the rights of Molina which he had giuen him paying him 240000. doublons and moreouer he gaue him the Earle of Pembrooke an English man who was a prisoner and set at 10000. pounds sterling for his ransome and the Lord of Piene for 3400. pounds with many other knights and Captains English or their partisans as well for this redemption as for the remainder which was due to him his troups And holding alwaies good correspondencie with the French K. during the war against the English he sent him a good armie by sea whereof D. Fernand Sanches of Touar was Admirall the which beeing ioyned vnto the French did much annoy the English coasts The practises of a peace betwixt Castile and Arragon being continued the ambassadors of both kings met at Almaçan whether came to Queene of Castile and her sonne D. Iohn There were for Castile the Bishops of Plaisance and Palence and D. Pedro Gonçales Of Mendoça Lord Steward to the Infant of Castile with his brother D. Iohn Hurtado of Mendoça Standard bearer also to the Infant Pedro Fernandes of Velasco Chamberlaine to the king For the king of Arragon came the Archb. of Sarragossa and D. Raymond Alaman Ceruillon who treated of the differences betwixt the two kings with great eagernesse in the presence of the Queene of Castile The king D. Henry demanded that the Infanta D. Leonora daughter to D. Pedro king of Arragon should bee deliuered to the Infant D. Iohn his Son to whom she was made sure The king of Arragon answered that the king of Castile must performe that which he had promised and sworne when he came first out of France into Castile by Arragon which was to giue him the lands often before mentioned whereunto he of Castile replyed that he was no more bound for that the king of Arragon had beene since in League with the Prince of Wales his enemie and had had many treaties with other Princes to his preiudice Moreouer that returning the second time out of France he had not giuen him free passage through Arragon Besides these maine articles there were others of lesse consequence all which were reconciled by these Deputies The accord was made the twelfth of Aprill 1374. Accord betwixt D. Henry King of Castile and D. Pedro king of Arragon in the Monasterie of Saint Francis of Almaçan as followeth That the Infanta Donna Leonora of Arragon should bee giuen to the Infant Don Iohn of Castile as his lawfull wife with a dowrie of two hundred thousand Florens of the coyne of Arragon which summe the king Don Henry should hold for receiued for the charges which the king of Arragon might haue beene at in the first passage which hee made through Arragon into Castile The King of Arragon should restore Molina Almaçan and other places which he had gotten during the troubles of Spaine and to auoyde all future controuersies betwixt the parties Don Henry king of Castile should pay vnto him of Arragon an hundred and eighty thousand Florens at dayes appointed For assurance whereof the forts of Requegna Otiel and Moya should be left in deposit◠in the hands of the Arch-bishop of Sarragossa and of Don Raymond Alaman of Ceruillon These things thus concluded the King D. Henry came to Soria with the Queene his wife and children whither the Infanta D. Leonora of Arragon was sent thither
Magnanimity of king of Alphonso King Don Alphonso being a prisoner was prest to make it yeeld vnto the Geneuois wherunto although he were a captiue he would not yeeld By this defeate the seege was raysed at Gayete and the prisoners carryed to Sauona from whence they were afterwards by the Duke of Milans commandement distributed into diuers prisons King Don Alphoso to Pauia with Don Henry and others King Iohn the Earle of Castro and Ruy Diaz of Mendoça were led to Milan These lamentable newes did wonderfully trouble the Queens of Arragon and Nauar and all the people of these two Kingdomes especially Donna Leonora the widow-queen of Arragon who liued in her Monasterie of Saint Iohn de las Duegnas without the walles of Medina del campo very simply and modestly who conceiued so great a griefe as shee dyed soone after This did much afflict the King and Queene of Portugall and al the Noblemen of that Realme The imprisonment of these Princes and Noblemen was short for Don Philip Maria beeing courteous and visiting his prisoners often hee was so perswaded by king Alphonso that both he and his Estates should reape more profit in maintaining the partie of Arragon Bounty of the duke of Milan then that of France as vanquished with his reasons hee not onely let them all go free without ransome but gaue them many rich presents after that he had entertayned them royally many dayes suffering them to go and come with all libertie where they pleased Hee caused Don Iohn King of Nauarre and Don Henry his brother to bee conducted to Porto Venere with sixe hundred horse for their guard where they were receiued by Don Pedro their brother and moreouer he would that the Neapolitane Knights which were then at Milan and the ambassadors of townes should take an oath of fealtie to King Alphonso acknowledging him for their king making so great a change of all things as of an enemie he became a partisan and friend to the Arragonois by reason whereof the Geneuois being incensed rebelled against the Duke If the newes of the defeat and taking of these Princes caused great heauinesse in Arragon and Nauarre the ioy was so much the greater when as they vnderstood of their deliuerie the which was carried into Castile where as the king of Nauarre was much desired of many to whom the greatnesse of the Constable D. Aluaro de Luna was offensiue and hurtfull Don Fredericke Admirall of Castile who was one of them sent a messenger to Queene Blanche aduertising her that her husbands absence was very preiudiciall to himself and all his friends for that his aduersaries grew great according to their owne desires and therefore she should do well to hasten his returne as soone as might be The like aduertisements were giuen her by many other knights of Castile wherefore she sent three knights of her houshold into Italy to the king her husband which were Iohn Henriques of Lacarra Sancho Ramires of Aualos her caruer and the Seigneur of Vertiz to hasten his returne D. Iohn king of Castile at the request of his sister Queen Mary of Arragon continued the truce fiue moneths longer Castile vpon the newes of the defeat of the two kings brethren Being at Segobia there was a Germain knight called Robert presented himself vnto him who would make triall of armes with D. Iohn Pimentel Earle of Majorga by whom he was vanquished The like proofe being made by other twenty Germaine knights which came in the company of Robert had in a manner the like issue to the dishonour of strangers and great commendation of the Spanish nation D. Fernand of Gneuara a knight of great valour being at Vienna the chiefe towne of Austria he fought within a list on foot with a Germaine knight called Vourapach in the presence of Duke Albert sonne-in-law to the Emperor Sigismond who casting his staffe caused the combat to cease and put them out of the lists to the great honour of the Spanish knight Don Iohn of Pimentel Earle of Majorga desirous to trie his valour with strange Knights out of Castile as he practised to play with a battell-axe with a seruant of his called Lope de la Torre hee was strucke by him consideratly on the face so as he dyed soone after a due reward for this quarrelling exercise which was then in so great estimation to go seeking honor without cause or quarrell in the force and dexterity of the body more then in the gifts of the mind humanity and iustice Whilest that King Iohn was busie at Aleala of Henares to celebrate the funerals of his deceased aunt Queene Leonora there was hot warre made vpon the fronter of Granado where as D. Alphonso Ianes Fajardo receiued the townes of Velez the white and Velez the red which yeelded voluntarily to the king of Castile the Inhabitants Moores promising to pay him the same tribute which they payed to king Mahumet wherewith the King was satisfied but he would not heare the ambassadours of Baça and Guadix who came to beseech him to giue them another king a Moore then Mahumet for that he did intreat them ill but k. Iohn knowing that this was but a deuice to free themselues from the spoile which he intended against them he sent them away and commanded his captaines to forrage and spoile their countrie the which was executed by D. Fernand Aluares of Toledo The Moores of Galea and Castilegia yeelded to D. Roderigo Manriques vpon the same conditions like vnto them of Velez It fell out vnfortunatly for D. Henry of Guzman the seege which he pretended to lay to Gibraltar for being come by sea with some barkes before the towne whether his sonne Iohn of Guzman should come by land with the rest of his forces to beseege it he had no patience to attend but landed began to skirmish on the shoare neere vnto the walles with the Moores which sallyed out against him but the sea flowing it forced him to retire to his barke leauing many of his Knights on land in prey to the enemie who began to cry out and to complaine that he had left them there to the slaughter with such vehement words as mooued to pittie hee caused his barke to approch to land to receiue them but it was so ouer-laden as in sunke and there the Earle Don Henry D. Henry of Guzman drowned neere Gibraltar with about forty Knights were drowned whose losse was great The bodies beeing cast vppon the shoare were drawne to land by the Moores and the Earles was put into a coffer and set vppon an high tower to be a terriour to the Christians where it continued some yeares By this pittifull successe the sonne retired from Gibraltar and out of all Andalusia with teares and mourning the bones of this Earle are at this present in a most auncient Tower made of Bricke in the highest part of the castell of Gibraltar which the common people beleeue was built and erected by
An. 1458. one thousand foure hundred fifty eight where hee celebrated with great cost and royall magnificence the Funerals of the King Don Alphonso of Arragon dead at Naples hee committed an act in the behalfe of the Marquis of Villena scarce well digested This Marquis in regard of the affaires and gouernement of the kingdom had the same power and almost equall boldnesse which the Constable Aluaro de Luna had in the time of the King Don Iohn and hee would let nothing fall to ground which was profitable or commodious for him or his Now hee had a great desire to make a marriage betweene his eldest sonne Don Diego Lopes de Pacheco with the Countesse of Saint Steephen de Gormas Violent marriage of the Countesse of S. Stephen de Gormas and D. Diego Lopes Pacheâ—o daughter and heire to Don Iohn de Luna and Grandchild to the Constable Don Alâ—aro who at that time was in the gouernement of an vncle of his named also Don Iohn de Luna Nephew to the Constable who was Captaine of Soria and the Marquis did not onely practise the marriage of his eldest sonne with his Neece but also to dispossesse him of his Captaineship of Soria with other lands which he held For the obtayning whereof hee caused the King to haue him in suspition saying That hee was one of the conspiratours which were ioyned in league and confederacie against his seruice The King did easily and willingly beleeue this report made by the Marquis and feigning to ride on hunting hee came to Aillon where Don Iohn de Luna kept his residence who did receiue and feast both him and his trayne very sumptuously and with great magnificence who riding amongst the rest of the companie hee was no sooner entred into the fields but he was arrested as prisoner without knowing any cause or reason therof In the end hee was enioyned to dispossesse himselfe of Soria and other fortresses and places of strength and to receiue into them such garrisons as should please the king whereunto hee must needes obey on paine of loosing his head so as hee did not onely yeeld vp Soria but all that which did belong to the Countesse his Neece and her person also and so the Marquis had that which he desired The contempt of this Prince encreasing daily Don Alphonso Fajardo the chiefest Knight of Murcia Don Alphonso Faiardo 〈◊〉 contumelious rebel chastised holding a long time Carthagena Lorca and other places against the Kings will and these that ruled and gouerned him had likewise in a manner taken to himselfe by force the Master-shippe of Saint Iames and the Marquisate of Villena committing many outrages and insolencies vppon the lands and reuenues belonging to the King and Marquis beeing ayded and releeued sometimes by the Moores of Granado Against him Goâ—â—çalo de Sahauedra was sent with sixe hundred horse by whose care and diligence Don Alphonso lost all that which he held of his owne and other mens and so became a poore and miserable Knight hauing nothing left him but onely his sword and his cloake accounting and esteeming it for a great fauour and extraordinarie kindnesse to haue his life saued This man had his deserts and the King continued in his carelesnesse so as he was no more feared Aboue all the townes of his Kingdome the abode at Segobia and Madrid pleased him best because hee louing hunting better then affaires of consequence this Countrey beeing woody was very fit for it as also abounding in victuals and prouision for his Court The Kings Guard burthensome and super fluous which was very greatâ— for he did daily carrie about with him a guard of horse-men to the number of three thousand and sixe hundred Lances with an incredible expence wherewith his reuenues was charged to the vttermost the which his chiefe Treasurer Don Diego Arias In answer of K. Henry â—auoring of small iudgement like an honest and faithfull seruant put him in mind of on a time beseeching him to cut of so superfluous an expence you speake quoth he like Diego Arias but I will liue like a King and that was all the answer hee could receiue By his bountie and liberalitie he was well serued and attended on by diuers and in those dayes those of his Councell Chancerie and Iudges did discharge their duties very sufficiently In Areualo one of his Secretaries named Pedro de Tieda was put to death and others of his complices for counterfeiting the Kings letters and selling them for great summes of money Beeing in the cittie of Leon hee caused certaine Gentlemen to bee brought out of Gallicia which had dispossessed a Knight of his house hauing commanded their processe to be made they were there for the same put to death Such iust executions were sometimes done but he did greatly faile in other matters At the end of the yeare 1458. Queene Ioane made hir magnificent and royall entrie into the Cittie of Leon then they came to keepe Christmasse at Escalona where the Kings chiefe delight and recreation was in hunting and singing in the Church where he himselfe in his owne chappell would beare a part which in those dayes was the best furnished with cunning and experienced Musitians of any one particular place in the whole world The same yeare Don Alphonso King of Portugall led his armie into Affricke Portugal where he tooke the towne of Alcaçar distant sixe miles from Ceura his Vncle Don Henry and his brother Don Fernand Duke of Visâ—o accompanying him in that expedition Alcaçar was taken by meanes of certaine honest conditions and Don Edward de Meneses bastard sonne to Don Pedro de Meneses Earle of Viana who succeeded his father in the Earledome was left there as Gouernour After the kings returne into Portugall the Moores did indeauour but in vaine to recouer the place for the repayring and fortifying wherof the King caused a great quantitie of ground betweene the towne and the sea to be enclosed with a great and strong wall defended and guarded with towers the stone lime and other prouisions necessarie for such a worke of worth was by him brought from Portugall The yeare 1459. the King Don Henry of Castile Castile sent Don Inigo Lopes de Mendoça sonne to Don Inigo An. 1459. and brother to the Marquis of Santillana Ambassadour to the Councell held at Mantua by Pope Pius the second before times called Aeneas Syluius Picolomini who had newly succeeded Calixtus the third There with great deliberation and hope the warres against the Turkes was debated which in the end came to nothing and Don Inigo returned into Castile carrying home onely a Iubile of full remission of sinnes the collections whereof were so great and inestimable as hee therewith builded and erected the Monasterie of Saint Anne de la Pegna in his towne of Tendilla of the Order of Saint Iercome The King beeing returned to Madrid entertayned himselfe there a long time with feasts The loues and vanities
of D. Henry the vnable king of Castile playes and shewes where the Arch-bishop of Seuill Don Alphonso de Fonsecs hauing feasted the King Queene and the Ladies among other singularities there was serued in after dinner for the banquet two plates filled with rings of gold set with rich and pretious stones for the Ladies amongst whom Donna Guiomar was held next the Queene to be the fayrest and most beautifull Ladie of Spaine without compare to her the king shewed many amorous fauours at this feast which the Queene perceiuing grew very iealous and euer after vsed the Ladie vnkindly and rigorously by reason whereof the King shewed himselfe strange to her and appoynted her a Court and trayne apart not suffering her to come neere his Court by two leagues Whereunto the Arch-bishop of Seuille who was well seene and experienced in such businesses did willingly employ his best endeauours in the behalâ—e of Guiomar for whatsoeuer the king did was but fayned and imaginarie shewes who was so farre from beeing offended and displeased with his friends in such affaires as hee was content to spare them his owne wife for the common rumor was that not beeing able to endure that men should esteeme him vnapt for venereall acts which he reputed a great and ignominious disgrace Basenesse of K. Henry the vnable hee dealt with the Queene his wife to receiue Don Bertrand de la Cueua into her bed his base and degenerate mind desiring and consenting that this Knight should lye with her to the end shee might prooue with child by him and so by that meanes suppose an heire to the kingdome in his owne name though vnlawfully begotten by another It was credibly reported that at the first the Queene would by no possible meanes bee drawne to agree and giue her consent to so vile detestable and dishonorable a deede but yet afterwards shee had more neede to haue beene curbed in with raines and bridle then of spurres Now don Bertrand de la Cuena was a gallant and most accomplished Knight in all points belonging to an excellent Courtier and so esteemed and beloued of the King as for his sake because he so valiantly and with such an vndaunted courage defended a passage at the arriuall of an Ambassadour of Brittayne hee builded a Monasterie on the high way from Madrid to Pard which for him was named the Monasterie of Pas. The King the better to couer his owne naturall weaknesse made shew of loue to diuers Gentlewomen in sundry places for before he made loue to Ladie Guiomâ—â— he had professed himselfe seruant to another Ladie named Catherina de Sandouall whom he had oftentimes entertained prâ—â—atly but she not contented with his vaine embraces and beeing desirous to furnish her selfe with a more able Knight shee grew familiarly acquainted with a young Gentleman named Alphonso de Cordoua whom she kept companie with a long time secretly which turned to his destruction for the King hauing notice thereof commanded Alphonso to be beheaded at Medina del campo In this sort did this King behaue himselfe in his most priuate affaires giuing occasion to all men to speake euill and vncharitably of him which beeing reported vnto him hee entred into distrust and hatred against the great persons of his Realme and oftentimes for sleight occasions he would rayse great troubles And not beeing pleased that Don Diego Hurtado de Mendoça Marquis of Santillana should hold the cittie of Guadalajara where hee did not onely commaund the towne and castle as Gouernour both in matters of State and warre but also had authoritie and preheminence to bestow publike Offices hee caused him to bee taken by the Commander Iohn Fernandes Galindo who entred into the towne with sixe hundred men at armes by meanes of intelligence that he had with one of the Marquis his Captaines called Alphonso de Gaona who was corrupted with money and the Marquis was compelled to leaue that Gouernement to the Kings dispose hauing giuen him no iust nor lawfull cause of offence or iniurie and so hee retired and with-drew himselfe to Hita Soone after the King and the Queene came thither and left Alphonso de Gaona Gouernour there Don Iohn the second of that name and the eighteenth King of Arragon WHilest these affaires continued in Castile the King Don Iohn of Nauarre took quiet possession of the kingdome of Arragon Nauaâ—re and Arragon fallen vnto him by the death of his brother vnto whome came Ambassadours from the Prince Don Charles his sonne to beseech him that all faults past might be forgotten and that it might please him to receiue him into grace and fauour the which request the father easily graunted for he was very kind and gentle to his children but especially to the Prince Don Charles who beeing daily sollicited by those of the faction of Beaumont who continued and maintayned the warres in certaine sorts and strong holds in Nauarre not beeing able without him to bring their businesse to effect hee desired to returne into Spayne either to helpe them to make their peace or to defend them by force of armes Hauing then had a pleasing answer from the King his father hee departed that yeare 1459. from Sicill beeing accompanied with a great number of Sicillian Lords and Gentlemen and landed at Barcelona where beeing welcommed and receiued with great pompe Agreement betweene the King D. Iohn of Arragon his sonne Don Charles magnificence and honour by the Barcelonois hee dealt so wisely that for his sake the King pardoned those of Beaumont and declared that his pleasure was that all former matters of what kind soeuer should be buried in perpetuall obliuion those of Cattelogna beeing sureties for the sonnes faith and obedience to his father and for the fathers loue and good-will to his sonne This reconciliation beeing made to the great ioy and contentment of the whole kingdom the King D. Iohn knowing himself to be a mightie Prince thought vpon fit and conuenient meanes how to recouer his lands which were confiscate in Castile for the effecting whereof hee entred into league and confederacie with Don Alphonso King of Portugall and agreed vppon a marriage betweene the Prince his sonne and the Ladie Catherine of Portugall New desseignes to troble Castil sister to King Alphonso and to Donna Ioane Queene of Castile into the which league entred Don Alphonso Carillo Arch-bishop of Toledo the Admirall Don Frederic father-in-law to King Iohn Don Pedro Giron Master of Calatraua and all the Manriques of Castile with others whereof when the king of Castile Don Henry had notice by the aduertisement of D. 〈◊〉 de Fonfeca Arch-bishop of Seuill he was aduised by his councell to send the bishop of Cité Rodrigo and Diego de Ribera Ambassadours into Arragon vnder pretence of congratulating in his name the welcome-home of Prince Charles and his reconcilement with the king his father but they had commission to deale vnder-hand secretly with Prince Charles to offer him all friendship
could not be suffered to come to Valencia but was enforced to returne without beeing heard or seene King Charles at the same time was troubled with ciuill warres against the Duke of Orleance Duke Francis of Brittaine and the Lord of Albret who was dispossessed of his lands father to Iohn of Albret who was king of Nauarre and with others Iohn of Albret and Katherine of Nauarre Kings of Nauarre accounted for the 35. in the order of the Kings IOHN of Albret Nauarre the sonne of Alain of whom we haue made mention heretofore was married to Catherine the heire of Nauarre but before we come to the declaration therof it shall be neeedfull to speake of the state wherein the late King Francis Phoebus left the succession to his sister Katherine who raigned after him Iohn Vicount of Narbone vnkle to her Iohn Vicount of Narbon quarrels for the Earledome of Foix and Seigneury of Bearne and to the deceased King did foorth-with quarrell with the Lords of Foix and Bearne saying that for those lands lying vpon the limits of the Realme of France where women do not succeed that Queene Catherine his Neece was incapable of enioying them and therefore shee ought to content her selfe with her inheritance of Nauarre which is gouerned by other lawes and to leaue those two Lordships to him Vppon this strife great warre arose betwixt the parties the Vicount of Narbonne beeing fauoured by Iasper of Villemur Seneshall of Foix and the Lord of Calmont Iohn of Castel Verdun and others who the yeare 1484. leading with them forces of horse and foot tooke through the trecherie of one called Romengas the towne of Maçeres and then they seized on Monthault and in the end they came to assayle Pamiers where the cittizens would willingly haue receiued the Vicount whom they acknowledged to be a son of the house of Foix but not his souldiers whereat the Vicount being enraged went to S. Antonies which is the Cathedral church and the Bishops place of residence from whence he draue away Paschal who was Bishop and possessor thereof and enthronized Mathew Artigalu therein who pretended and pleaded the sayd Bishopricke against the other the Vicount moreouer doing his best to enter into Pamiers but the inhabitants persisting in their resistance he was constrayned to retire to Maseres from which place he continued the war against his Neece and the princesse Magdalen her mother who sent in the yeare 1485. Iohn of Lautrec to keepe and defend the countrey of Foix with diuers troupes leauied in Bearne and in the Earledome of Bigorre as also to recouer that which Iohn of Foix Vicount had vsurped Lautrec marching on to execute his commission was preuented by the way by Raymond Lordat Lord of Rodel who intreated him from those of Sauardun who some few dayes before had yeelded to the Vicount to pardon them in regard they did it to auoyd the present danger and to appease the Vicounts furie against whom they were not strong enough to resist they being desirous with all their hearts to serue queene Catherine their naturall Princesse and that if her pleasure were to receiue them they wold obey her and most willingly would cast off the Vicounts yoake therefore the Lord of Rodell intreated him to make all the hast he could to Sauardun assuring him that hee should be kindly welcomed and let into the towne Lautrec accepting this offer marched thither and arriued at the bridge gate at the same instant when as the Vicount of Narbone who was aduertised of all their practises entred at another gate called Vlmet These two Lords being met together in this sort did in stead of assayling one another performe offices of complement and they fell into discourse of peace which grew to this conclusion that Iohn of Foix should enioy Sauardun Maseres Monthault and S. Espartio with the church of S. Anthony the castle of Heremen and Montagu with other places and forts the which agreement as being vnlawfull was not obserued for within a few dayes after Odet Cardinall of Carcasson recouered Montagu and S. Anthonies and restored them to Queene Catherine Lautrec likewise on the other side took Montagu S. Espartio with the castle of Heremen which he ouerthrew In those businesses was queen Catherine entertayned in the beginning of her raigne to the great contentment of the chief Lords of the factions in Nauar who in the meane time managed their owne affaires by the intelligences which they had in Castilè notwithstanding any impediment that the Lord of Aubenas was able to giue them who was Viceroy in that Kingdome The yeare following which was 1486. Iohn Vicount of Foix in recompence of the losses he had sustained did by intelligence with certaine of the Inhabitants surprize the towne of Pamiers and left the Lord of Lauellane with certaine companies of souldiers there but Captaine Peter Bunfiere did by the selfe same meanes and by the helpe of a Lock-smith who made false keyes to the gate of Conserans beeing sent thither by the Princesse Magdalen and the Queene her daughter recouer the sayd towne slew diuers of the Garrison with Lauellanet their Captaine and carried thence whatsoeuer hee found yet for all this the warre ended not but continued to the great hinderance and preiudice of the countries of Foix and Bearne during which turmoyles the Princesse Magdalen reiecting the great and profitable match which was offered by the Prince of Castile married her daughter to Iohn of Albret which caused many troubles in the Realme of Nauarre The factious of Nauarr hinder their Princesse marriage For it was no easie matter to bring the factious to any reason Those which had any intelligences with Castile were so farre off from desiring this marriage with Prince Iohn of Castile as they hindered it to their vttermost power because they would not be subiect to a Prince that was mightie and had means to punish their crimes and yet neuerthelesse they could make vse of the occasion why that match was not accomplished by resisting their Princesse and Iohn of Albret her husband and by that meanes vpheld themselues in their tyrannies The absence of the Cardinall of Foix the Queenes Vnkle was a great hinderance to her affaires For this yeare 1486. he was sent for to Rome by Pope Innocent the eighth to be employed for the pacification of Naples which was troubled with ciuill wars betwixt the Barons and their King Fernand the same king beeing at great strife with the Pope who sent this Cardinall to Naples with power as Legate â—a latere where in some sort he composed those differences but he dyed at Rome and neuer returned more into Nauarre the state of which Kingdome beeing thus miserably distracted Amand Lord of Albret father to the new king did resolue to enter into Nauarre where hauing had conference with the Lord of Aubenas his brother who was Viceroy there and then with Iohn de Ribera who spoiling the countrie for the King of
Mediterranean sea which at this day belongs to Granado much frequented of Merchants of diuers nations There he found the sea armie of Count Raymond and the galleys of Genoua which had alreadie attempted it vnder the command of Ansaldo Doria Vbert Torre and other captaines of that common-weale This place was so furiously battered both by sea and land Almerie taken by sorce as it was taken by force yet the Moores beeing retired into a part of the cittie of good strength they were taken to ransome from whom they drew great sums of mony They say that at this prize that great and inestimable Emâ—raud without peere was taken the which is at this day at Genoua and was giuen vnto them for their part of the bootie and in recompence of the great seruice they had done there Emeraud of inestimable price Yet many beleeue that the Geneuois brought it out of Palestina from the towne of Cesarea at which seege they were employed The spoyle sacke of this place was diuided betwixt the Castillans Nauarrois Geneuois and the subiects of the Earle D. Raymond This is all which was done in that voyage from whence euery one retired into his countey rich some by land some by sea The King Don Garcia Ramires accompained his father in-law into Castile where he remayned with great tranquilitie and content the rest of that yeare If the Christian affaires in Spaine succeeded well against the Moores Câ—â—â—cell at Rhâ—ims those in Syria declined much wherupon a Councell was held at Rheims vnder Pope Eugenius the 3. to resolue vpon some meanes to support the estate of the Kings of Ierusalem by some ayde from the Princes of Europe Thither went D. Raymond Archbishop of Toledo as Primate of Spaine who passing by Saint Denis in France obserued in a chappell an Inscription of this tenour Here lyes Saint Eâ—genius the Martyr the first Archbishop of Toledo Beeing returned he reported vnto the Church what he had found whereof the Emperor Don Alphonso and the Kings children were aduertised who together with all the people were exceeding glad for since the death of this holy man they could not learne where his body lay Beeing thus found they of Toledo procured means to haue one of his armes from king Lewis the young It was a remarkable act of Religion in the Archbishop Don Raymond in his voyage to Rheims In our time King Philippe obtayned from Charles the ninth the French King and from Charles Cardinall of Lorraine and Abbot of Saint Denis the rest of the bodie as they say of this Martyr the which was brought to his Church of Toledo where he had gouerned Domiâ—an beeing then Emperour at Rome for they did not know him much in France neither did it serue to any purpose amidst the ciuill or rather vnciuill warres growne for matter of Religion D. Raymond Berenger beeing returned into Cattelogne Arragon and Barcelone hauing the Geneuois army ready and at his commandement he employed it against the towne of Tortose which was held by the Moores the which he beseeged both by sea and land at which seege the Earle left D. William Raymond of Moncada Seneshall of Cattelogne for his Lieutenant generall whilest that he made a voyage to Barcelone to pacifie some seditions which were risen in that extie Such was the diligence of the Seneshall and Geneuois as by the 30 day of the seege after many sharpe assaults giuen and valiantly defended the towne was taken Toriose taken by the Arragonois and soone after D. Pedro de Semenate arriuing with fresh supplies the castell was also taken the Geneuois had their part of the spoyle for the good seruices they had done vnto the Earle And the Authours of the Arragon Historie write that a third part of the towne was giuen in fee to the Seneshall D. William Raymond of Moneado and another third part to the common-weale of Genoua which portion was afterwards redeemed by the Eaâ—le D. Raymond Berenger for 16000. Marauidis Maroquins a kind of mony which was then currant leauing vnto the Geneuois the Iland of Saint Laurence and granting vnto all the Inhabitants of the citty of Genoua and of the iurisdiction the which was limited by Porto venere towards the East and by Monaco vppon the West along the sea shore exemption of all Imposts and customes Henrico Guercio Marin Moro William Lusio and others beeing then Gouernours of the Common-weale Whilest the Earle was busie at this warre VVarre betwixt Nauarre and Arragon the King of Nauarre brake the truce made at Saint Estâ—enne de Gormas for that the King Don Garcia hauing caused the Emperour Don Alphonso and other Noblemen and Prelates to perswade and aduise the Earle to relinquish the pretensions which hee vaunted to haue to the Realme of Nauarre hee would not do it but threatened to poursue it when oportunitie serued wherefore the Nauarrois did ouer-runne the Countrey of Arragon and tooke the Towns of Thauste and Fayos where they put good Garrisons to serue as a frontier against the Arragonois It is no wonder Pâ—rtugal if in all these attempts of the Christian Princes in Spaine against the Moores the new King of Portugall did not ioyne with the rest for that hee was in disgrace and out of fauour with the Emperour D. Alphonso who held him as an vâ—urper of the Estate of D. Theresa his mother and moreouer of the title of a king in a Prouince which was subiect to the Soueraigntie of Leon. King D. Alphonso Henriques hauing liued now 52. yeares without a wife he married in the yeare 1146. D. Malfada Manriqua de Lara daughter to the Earle D. Manrâ—qtâ—ue Lord of Molina a great Nobleman of Castile by whom he had one sonne named D. Sancho who succeeded him in the Realme of Portugall and the Infanta D. Vrraca who was married first to D. Fernand the 2. of that name Gencalogie of the Moores King of Leon and Gallicia and from them issued D. Alphonso King of the same Realmes father to the King D. Fernand the 3. of Castile and Leon a marriage notwithstanding which was broken by reason of their proximitie of bloud and for that they were married without a dispensation King D. Alphonso Henriques had another daughter by D. Malfada called D. Theresa maried to Philip Earle of Flanders the first of that name and one called Malfada as the mother Besides these lawfull children the King of Portugall had one bastard before he was married whom they called D. Pedro Alphonso of Portugall Soone after his marriage beeing importuned by the continuall complaints of his subiects for the spoyles which the Moores of Saint Iren committed in his countrie he resolued to beseege that place but he preuailed more by policie then happily he should haue done by open force for marching thither in the night after that he had made a vow passing by that place where as now stands the royall monasterie of Alcouaça to build a Monasterie there
Sancho would not accept saying God forbid that the son of so great a Prince as the Emperor Don Alphonso was should euer acknowledge to hold his land of any In the end after great feasts and ioy these two Kings parted good friends The king D. Sancho being returned to Toledo hee had newes that the Moores were gone to field came with a great power to beseege Calatraua a fort of great importance vpon the frontier the which did then belong vnto the knights of the temple who amazed at the brute of this seege did so distrust their owne strength to defend it as they deliuered it into the kings hands to the end he should send Captanies and souldiers to resist the Moores The king hauing receiued it into his protection and meaning to prouide for it he found himselfe much troubled for there was not any one that presented himselfe to take this charge but they all drew backe and excused themselues fearing the great power which was said the Mores had In the end God inspired the hearts of two religious men of the Order of Cisteaux who offered vnto the king that if it pleased him to giue them that place in gard they would defend it like honest men One of these religious men was Friar Raymond Abbot of the Monasterie of S. Mary de Hitero vpon the riuer of Pisuerga in the Diocesse of Palence not of Hilero in Nauarre which was not then built the other was one of his Monkes called Diego Velasco who had caried armes long before he became a religious man of that Order The offer was pleasing vnto the King but more to D. Iohn Archbishop of Toledo for that the lands of his Diocesse should be first annoyed by the entry of the Moores to Calatraua wherefore this Prelate by preaching and publike exhortations began to commend this Abbot D. Raymond and to incourage all men to assist him so as in a short time hee was followed by a great number of Nobilitie and other souldiers some thrust on to winne honour some mooued with zeale to defend the Christian Religion against the inuasion of Infildes and some wirh shame The king the Archbishop the Nobilitie of his Court and the Inhabitants of Toledo euery one for his part furnished money armes horses corne and other necessaries for a towne which attends a seege and all with such willingnesse and bountie as the Abbot might well put himselfe into Calatraua beeing assured not to be taken for want of men victuals and munition of warre but before hee dislodged the king to incourage him to do his duty and to recompence the good which he had showne to employ himselfe for the defence of the countrie mooued also with some Religion gaue vnto God to the Virgin Mary his mother to the congregation of Cisteaux to the Abbot D. Raymond and to his Monkes both present and to come the towne of Calatraua with all the confines hilles land waters meddowes pastures entries and issues rights names and actions belonging thereunto whereof he caused letters pattents to be drawne in the yeare 1158. Calatraus giuten 〈◊〉 the Monkes of Cisâ—eaux signed by his Secretarie Martin Peleaz in the which are named as witnesses Don Sancho king of Nauarre vassall to the king of Castile Don Iean Archbishop Primate of Spaine Don Raymond Bishop of Palence and others The Abbot hauing this prouision he set forward and came to Calatraua a place of great importance as we haue sayd and the onely rampar for the Christians on that side against the Moores who either aduertised of this great preparation to defend that place or for some other lets did no great exploit worthie the great brute which had runne of their armie neither came they to beseege Calatraua whereof the King was exceeding glad and the Abbot with his Monkes no lesse who by their couragious resolution had gotten this towne the which the Templers had basely abandoned Many Gentlemen which had followed the Abbot in this voyage seeing him in such reputation left the world and made themselues Monkes of Cisteaux yet with a decent habit fit for the exercise of armes the which they meant to follow against the Infidels Moores enemies to the Christian Religion This was the beginning of the Knights of Calatraua Knights of Calatraua first instituted an Order which was famous in Spaine The Abbot Don Raymond beeing freed from feare of seege leauing a good garrison in Calatraua he returned to Toledo and from thence past to his Monastery of Hitero about the which he gathered together a great multitude of people to the number of twenty thousand as the Histories report whome with their mooueable goods and cattell hee transported to Calatraua and other places of the fronter which was badly peopled making it as it were a strong bastion against the enterprises of the Arabians Death of Don Sancho toe Desired The king Don Sancho the desired liued not long after but dyed the same yeare They write that his wife D. Blanche beeing deceased some few dayes before in child-bed hee was so opprest with griefe as he fell sicke and dyed His death was very preiudiciall to the Realme of Castile and followed by many miseries the which he did well fore-see He left the gouernement of his sonne Don Alphonso who was yet very young to a knight whose name was Don Guttiere Fernand Ruis de Castro ordayning that hee should bee bred vp vnder his discipline vntill hee came to the age of fifteene yeares complete willing that the Knights which held any places and garrisons should keepe them vntill that time They surnamed him the Desired by reason of the great vertues wherewith hee was adorned and the hope and taste the people had of his good and iust gouernement in one yeare or there-abouts that hee raigned Hee was buried at Toledo in the Cathedrall church neere to the Empeour Don Alphonso his father The Queene Don Blanche his wife lyes in the Monasterie of Saint Mary the royall of Nagera to the which a little before her death shee had giuen the towne of Nectaries neare vnto Torrezillas de los Cameros The Earle Don Raymond Berenger Gouernour of Arragon Arragon and Barcelone hauing in the meane time made warre against Don. Sancho King of Nauarre with his forces of Arragon and Cattelogne beeing not able to ingage the King of Castile and taken Buereta with some other pettie forts of small importance seeing in the end that hee striued in vaine against an enemie which had not onely meanes to defend himselfe but also on the contrarie to offend him hee yeelded himselfe tractable to the perswasions of certain good Prelates who were much grieued to see Christians seeke the ruine one of another 1159. Peace betwixt Nauarre and Arragon for their ambition wherefore in the yeare 1159. after many treaties of Peace betwixt these two Princes in the end there was an interview and they remained good friends making an end of all their quarrels which had
King D. Sancho vntil that their victuals beganne to faile them During this siege the Deputies of the Prouince of Guipuscoa came to D. Alphonso King of Castille making offer that if he would goe thether in person they would yeeld vnto him hauing long desired to bee vnited to the crowne of Castille for that they were ouercharged by the Kings of Nauarre whose fortunes they had followed seuentie seuen yeeres This offer was very pleasing vnto D. Alphonso as a matter of great aduantage wherefore leauing D. Diego Lopes de Haro to continue the siege of Victoria he went in person to Guipuscoa which Prouince put it selfe vnder his protection Guipuscoa yeelded to the King of Castille and of the Kings of Castille vpon certaine conditions and deliuered into his hands the forts of Saint Sebastien and Fontaraby with the castle of Veloaga which is in the valley of Ojarçun which frontierd vpon France a fit place to assure him a passage if need were into Guienne which was then held by the English for that hee had married a Princesse of England Besides these places they gaue him the castle of Athau vpon the frontiers of Nauarre which is now ruined the castle of Achoros Val du L'eniz and the castle of Arrasate called at this present Mondragon vpon the frontiers of Biscay with the fort which was then built vpon the mountaine of Helosua the ruines whereof are to bee seene at this day which mountaine is in the iurisdiction of the towne of Vergara and is otherwise called Arizona This D. Alphonso King of Castille obtained this prouince of Guipuscoa without force and so returned wonderfully content to the siege of Victoria which continued stil the besieged hauing spent al their victuals who by daily messengers did sollicit D. Sancho their King aduertising him of their extremity whereby they should be forced to fall into their enemies hands if hee did not preuent it but hee beeing ignorant of all that had past in his country beeing absent ill disposed and without good councell aduised them to yeeld vnto the King of Castille vpon the best conditions they could Hauing receiued this answere the besieged held out senenteene daies longer attending if the King had not taken some better aduice but seeing there came nothing from him whereby they might hope of releefe Victoria taken by the King of Castille beeing extremely prest with hunger and want of all things they yeelded the towne the which for the scituation and fortification was held impregnable By the taking of Victoria the King of Castille was maister of that other Prouince of Alaua the country of Araya yeelded vnto him he tooke Irrurita Maragnon Saint Croix and all the valley of Campeso King D. Alphonso made this goodly conquest in the yeere 1200. part by force and part by a voluntary yeelding and did greatly diminish the realme of Nauarre although that some places submitted themselues againe vnder the obedience of the King D. Sancho neither did the Prouince of Alaua euer receiue any law from Castille except Victoria and Treuigno To assure himselfe the better of the Guipuscoans and to gralifie them also the King of Castille caused to bee re-edefied vpon the sea coast of that Prouince the townes of Guetario and Motrico the which hee did fortifie and indow with great preuiledges after all these things the King of Nauarre arriued at Carthagena and slipt through Arragon into his country bringing great treasure with him out of affrike at what time D. Alphonso had newly besieged Estella the which was freed from siege vpon the bruite of his comming so great power and reputation hath the name of a king that is present but if he had staied longer in Affrike his country of Nauarre had beene wholy lost Nauarre sends Ambassadors to Castille hauing visibly seene the great harme which the King D. Alphonso had done him hee sent Ambassadors vnto him to desire him to restore him that which hee had taken from him in his absence against al law and iustice and against the accustomed manner of making warre in that age full of loyalty but the King of Castille entertained him with delaies and doubtfull answeres 32. Whilst that D. Caâ—â—â—â— Sancho considers of his losses and of the best meanes to repaire them the King of Castille great mighty and redoubted being allied to him of Arragon and hauing a truce for many yeeres with Aben Ioseph hee beganne to repaire the ruines which the Arabians had made he restored the city of Plaisance Bejar and other places of the country ruined he did the like to Mirabel Segura de la Serra Monfredo Moya and many other places of the realme of Toledo hee also built Aquilar del Campe in Castille and moreouer in Guipuscoa he built the towne of Castro d' Ordiales Laredo Saint Ander and Saint Vincent de la Barquera About the yeere 1201. An. 1201. there was a peace treated of betwixt Iohn successor to Richard King of England and King Philip Augustus of France at Boutauant in Normandy by the which amongst other Articles a marriage was concluded betwixt the Infanta D. Blanche the daughter of D. Alphonso King of Castille Marriage betwixt Lewis of France and D. Blanche of Castille and Queene Elenor sister to the King of England with Lewis eldest sonne to Philip and heire of the realme of France for the which Ambassadors were sent from both Kings into Castille they were made sure by a Deputy for Lewis in the city of Burgos with great feasting and state and the Infanta was conducted by the King her father and other Noblemen of Castille vnto the frontiers of Guienne where the Deputies for the French King did receiue her for whose dowry there was assigned by King Iohn her vncle all the places which were in question betwixt him and the French King whereof the sayd French King was in possession in the Dutchies of Normandy Brittaine and Aniou At the same time D. Alphonso King of Leon seperated by the authority of Pope Innocent from D. Theresa of Portugal his wife sent to demande D. Berenguela the King of Castilles other daughter whereof by reason of the discords which were betwixt these two Kings the father made some difficulty yet vanquished by the perswasions and intreaty of Queene Elenor who desired as much to see her daughter weare a crowne as a peace betwixt Castille and Leon he yeelded vnto it and these two Princes meeting to that effect in the towne of Vailledo it the marriage was celebrated assigning her for her dowry the lands taken the yeere before from the king of Leon except Carpio and Monreal which remained to Castille Of this marriage was borne the Infant D. Fernand who succeded in the Realmes of Castille and Leon. Thinke that the Popes dispensation was not obtained for this marriage for being cousin germains remoued children of the vncle and nephew Pope Innocent the third did seperate them In the yeere 1202. Casfille and 1203
gaue many admonitions to his sonnes touching concord and the publike peace recommending the Queene Donna Ieanne very straightly vnto them This King was reputed a Saint among the Spaniards but he is not canonized by the Popes yet he was a great fauorer of the Sea of Rome and of all the Clergy in General whom he aduanced to honour and riches as much as any of his predecessors He did wonderfully persecute the Albigeois who descouered themselues in his countries burning them aliue and he himselfe setting fire to them In his raigne and during the life of D. Iohn Archbishop of Toledo Saint Lewis King of France imparted vnto the church of Toledo some of the singularities which he and others had brought from the holy land from Egipt and other places as of the wood of the true crosse one of the thornes of our Sauiours crowne of the Virgin Maries milke a peece of the purple roabe wherewith Christ was couered some of the towel wherewith he wiped the Apostles feet of the sheet wherein he was buried and of the toyes wherewith he plaied when he was little with other such relikes whereof the Princes Arabians and Turkes yea and they of Constantinople made rare presents vnto the French who aboue all other Christians did reuerence these things and did afterwards distribute them to other nations These goodly Iewels were receiued by the Spaniards with great deuotion and of this subiect there is a letter found written by that King Saint Lewis in Latin to the Chapter of Toledo with a seale of gold giuen at Estampes in the yeere 1248. The death of the King D. Fernand was much lamented by the Christians and by the Moores also of Granado who did mourne with great teares and lamentations after their manner 32 Soone after the decease of D. Fernand Nauarre died Thybauld King of Nauarre the first of that name in Iuly in the yeere 1253. in the towne of Pampelone leauing the realme to his sonne Thybaud the second After his reture from Syria he had great troubles and difficulties with the Nobility and commons of his Realme or that held in fee of him whom he desired as it was needfull beeing new come and a stranger to content the which he did by his wisdome great patience and dexterity Those which crost him most were D. William Vicont of Sola D. Raymond Arnaud Vicont of Tartax and D. Gaston of Moncade Lord of Bearn who made great complaints of the King but he gaue them the best satisfaction he could To the Vicont of Tartax he gaue Ville-neuue with all the land of Miexa and Hostauares and to the rest he gaue other things so as he pacified them all The King had great controuersie with D. Pedro de â—açolas Bishop of Pampelone for the rights and immunities of his church the which proceeded so farre as the Bishop presumed to excommunicate the King and did not onely interdict his owne Diocese of Pampelone but the whole realme of Nauar where by reason of his pretensions and controuersies there was no Masse nor Mattins sayd but whereas the King did force them from the which they did appeale and in the meane time the Bishop kept at Nauardun in Arragon from whence going sometimes forth the King caused him to bee taken and put in prison as a traitor but it was too hardy an attempt the people could not endure it so as he was forced to set him free These stormes continued three yeeres whereas the Spaniards lay all the blame vpon the King In the end by the mediation of Noblemen Knights Prelats and some good religious men the King and the Bishop were reconciled The King acknowledged his fault and the interdiction was taken away and some affirme that he went in person to Rome to demand absolution the which he obtained of Pope Innocent the fourth As we haue sayd this King died in the yeere 1253. and was buried in the great church at Pampelone About the same yeere there died also D. Blanche of Castille Queene mother to Saint Lewis King of France leauing vnto her sonne a good title to Castille if he would haue followed it and to his descendants she was buried at Saint Denis neere Paris The end of the eleuenth Booke THE TVVELFTH BOOKE of the Historie of Spaine The Contents 1 D. Alphonso the tenth King of Castille and 31. of Leon the 5. of that name in Castille and the tenth in Leon or the 11. 2 D. Thibaud the second of that name 23. King of Nauarre Contentions betwixt him and the Kings of Castille and Arragon 3 Fealty and homage done by the King D. Thibaud to him of Castille which the inhabitants of Pampelone refuse to subscribe 4 Marriage of D. Alphonso King of Castille vnlawfully sought and broken 5 Exploits of King D. Alphonso against the Moores 6 Factions in Germany for the Empire and the choosing of D. Alphonso King of Castille to the Imperial dignity 7 D. Alphonso the third of that name and fifth king of Portugal his vnlawful marriage in Castille and leauing his lawfull wife the Popes Censures and interdictions 8 Continuance of the raigne of Thibaud second King of Nauarre and his marriagâ—s 9 Politique exercises restauration of townes priuat studies and other Acts of D. Alphonso King of Castille called the wise 10 Negligence and inconstancy of D. Alphonso in the pursâ—te of the Imperial dignity indiscretion of Saint Lewis King of France to quit his interest to the realme of Castille 11 Portugal exempt from all fealty and homage to Castille and Leon the occasion of great tumults and conspiracies againg King D. Alphonso the wise 12 D. Henry the Grosse first of that name the 24. King of Nauarre 13 D. Alphonso King of Castille cast from the Imperial dignity 14 Persecution of the Aâ—bigeois in Arragon and Cattalogne 15 D. Ieanne daughter to the King D. Henry heire of the realme of Nauarre giues place to Philip the faire King of France and therefore is accounted the fiue and twentith King of Nauarre 16 Ciuill dissention in Nauarre for the gouernment against the French and their partisans impietie murthers cruelties and the punishments of such excesse 17 The fruitlesse and pernitious voiage of D. Alphonso king of Castille into France A conference betwixt the Pope and him 18 Enterprises of the Moores upon the realme of Castille a continuance of the Estate and Empire of the Arabians in Mauritania 19 Death of D. Fernand de la Cerde the elder of Castille which was the cause of great troubles in that country 20 D. Pedro the third of that name and ninth King of Arragon his marriage with Constance the daughter of Manfroy bastard to the Emperor Frederic by reason whereof the Arragonois pretend right to Sicile and Naples 21 The children of D. Fernand de la Cerde reiected from the succession of the crowne of Castille disanulling of the right of representation the Law of Toro contrary vnto it 22 Building of the great fort of Alhambra of
a Parlament which was called at Vailledolit and in the meane time he sought vnderhand to corrupt the Deputies of townes and commonalties and of the other orders of the countrie to the preiudice of Don Fernand. The Queene D. Maria preuented all these disorders which were not hidden from her but with great paine seeking to content Don Henry During these garboiles they had newes that the Nauarrois breaking the truce had seazed vppon the Iuifuerie of the cittie of Nagera a place strong by nature the which they fortified saying that they held it in the name of the Infant Don Alphonso de la Cerde whome they called king of Castile Alphonso de Ronay Gouernor of Nauer and as they would haue gone on along the riuer of Oja they were repulsed by Don Iohn Alphonso de Haro who beseeged them in the Iuifuerie and prest them in such sort An. 1297. as they were forced to leaue it and to yeeld this was in the yeare 1297. when as the kindgome of Nauar as gouerned in the name of the King and Queene of France by Alphonso de Ronay At which time Don Iames king of Arragon was in Italy Arragon where the peace made in the yeare 1295. betwixt him the king of Naples and the French king was renewed and confirmed in the towne of Anania in the presence of Pope Boniface and the better to confirme the friendship betwixt these Princes the king of Nauarre yeelded vp the townes of Lerda Vlfirera and Sauueterre vnto the king Don Iames beeing taken from the Crowne of Arragon so as for this cause the peace and amity betwixt Nauarre and Arragon was firme and vnited against Castile By these treaties the fort of Albarazin was yeelded vppe to D. Iohn de Lara to entertaine him and was taken from D. Fernand bastard brother to the king Don Iames as if it had beene vniustly taken from the father of Don Iohn who did homage to the king of Arragon The widow Queene of Castile seeking by all meanes to preserue her sonnes Realme Castille from so many imminent dangers renewed againe the treatie of mariage betwixt him and the Infanta D. Constance of Portugal in the towne of Alcaniz whether the Infanta was brought by the king her father and accorded for a future spouse vnto the young king D. Fernand and to make a more strict League of friendship Accord betwixt Castile and Portugall by marriages the King D. Denis concluded a marriage betwixt D. Beatrix Infanta of Castile and his eldest sonne D. Alphonso who was then but eight yeares old These marriages were made with great disaduantage for the king of Castile for the conuentions made in consideration thereof were these That the king of Portugal should hold in pawne Oliuencia Conguela Campo Moya and S. Felix de los Gallegos places belonging to the Crowne of Castile Then did the king D. Denis renounce the league which he had with the Infant Don Iohn who raigned in Leon and gaue vnto the widow-Queene three hundred horse to go against him but they returned soone after hauing not done any thing The Infant Don Alphonso de la Cerde on the other side seazed on the towne of Almaçan and the troupes of Don Iohn Nugnes and of the Infant Don Iohn had almost surprized Siguença who finding themselues in great want of siluer coyned great store of false money vnder the stampe of the king Don Fernand and did many other acts which were not commendable the which necessitie and ambitious obstinacy do force men vnto so as D. Denis king of Portugal at the instance of the widow and the young King entred into Castile by Cite Roderigo in shew to make warre against the Rebels but it was all counterfeit for the effects did shew he came more to fauour them then otherwise whatsoeuer it were hee did no act of an enemy against them but propounded some conditions of peace fauourable for them beeing of opinion that to retire the Infant Don Iohn from his pursute and to draw him to the king Don Fernands seruice they should grant the Realme of Gallicia to him and his for euer and that of Leon for his life time the which beeing disliked by the Councell of Castile the king of Portugal grew thereat discontent and so returned into his countrie after which the Rebels tooke heart and it was the cause of a new reuolt of many knights and townes and protestations of others to do the like if they did not what they demanded wherefore the Queene D. Maria and her Councell were forced to yeeld to many vnworthy things and was rather gouerned with her sonne and her Councell by her subiects then she did gouerne them To this was added a new care which came from Nauarre Nauarre where as Alphonso de Roleed was Gouernor in the yeare 1300. An. 1300. who sent an Ambassador into Castile in the name of king Philip the Faire and D. Ieanne his wife Queene proprietarie of Nauarre to demand the lands and ancient patrimonie of the Crowne of Nauarre vsurped by the precedent kings of Castile extending from the limits which were then betwixt he two kingdoms vnto Atapuerca and places neere vnto the cittie of Burgos which Ambassadour beeing a knight of Nauarre was sent backe to the Queene D Maria and her Councell with the best words they could giue him The French king was then much troubled with the Flemings of Bruges and others by whom he had receiued a notable route with the death of many Noblemen among the which were Robert Earle of Artois Renald of Nesle Constable of France and aboue two hundred men of esteeme The Ambassador beeing returned the Gouernour held a Councell with the Infant D. Alphonso de la Cerde D. Iohn Nugnes de Lara and other enemies to the king of Castile at a place called Duegnas where they resolued to send D. Iohn Nugnes vnto King Philip with other Ambassadors to the end he should authorize the promises made in this assembly to ayde one another to conquer the lands of the riuer of Oja for the Crowne of Nauarre and the Realme of Castile for the Infant D. Alphonso de la Cerde These Ambassadors were well receiued in the Court of France and present dispatches were made with approbation of all that had beene done the king writing vnto the gouernor that he shold giue all ayde and assistance to them that were fled out of Castile against the King D. Fernand. 17 At that time we find Castile that the towne of Bilbao was built by Don Diego Lapes de Haro who had made his peace with the young King Don Fernand and did enioy Biscay This place is built vpon a riuer called in the country language Ybay Çabal Foundation of Bilbao which signifieth Great-riuer for it is the greatest in all those quarters and some affirme that it is the riuer which was anciently called Neruium very nauigable the which falls into the sea at Portugalette two leagues
from Bilbao This towne retained the name of a little hamlet neere vnto it so called as that time but they now call it Bilbao the old to make a difference betwixt it and the towne where there is at this day as good trafficke for the Northerne parts as at any vppon that coast It was first peopled by men borne thereabouts Beyond that towne the Bascangado language is no more in vse which they will haue to be the ancient Cantabria In the assembly of Vailledolit the Queen D. Maria had obtained great summes of money from some of the townes and Commonalties to make warre against the rebels and D. Henry had beene made Gouernor of the Mores fronter who notwithstanding sought to entertaine the troubles and diuisions where he tooke great delight neither did hee care if that Tariffe had fallen into the king of Granados hands Don Iohn Nugnes de Lara beeing returned out of France hee beganne to ouer-runne the Bishopricke of Calaorra with the Nauarrois and French against whom D. Alphonso de Haro aduanced with some troupes leuied in hast and finding him in a conuenient place he fought with him defeated him D. Iohn Nugnes de Lara defeated and taken prisâ—ner and tooke him prisoner deliuering him into the hands of the Queene D. Maria who hauing recouered from him all the places he held of the Crowne of Castile and made him sweare that he shold from thencefoorth faithfully serue her sonne D. Fernand she gaue him his libertie An. 1301. In the yeare 1301. the King of Portugall came to Plaisance to meet with the Queene D. Maria where they did treat to sue vnto the Pope for a dispensation of the marriagse which they had contracted betwixt the Infants of Castille and of Portugall conferring of the charges they must be at not onely to obtaine these dispensations from Pope Boniface but also the legitimation of the King D. Fernand for that the marriage betwixt the deceased King D. Sancho and D. Maria of Molina had neuer beene dispenced withall For the effecting whereof they must haue good store of doublons for Pope Boniface although he were of a Spanish race yet would he not do any thing for them without a good fee. After the taking and composition of D. Iohn Nugnes de Lara the Infant D. Iohn seeing himselfe abandoned of his best friend reconciled himselfe vnto the widow Queene and to the King Don Fernand her sonne quitting the title of king of Leon and all that he held in that country and for that D. Diego Lope de Haro held the country of Biscay which did belong vnto his wife D. Maria Diaz de Haro hee had in recompence therof the towns of Mansilla Paredes Medina de Riosecco Castro-nouo and Cabreros for the Councell were not of opinion that they should discontent Don Diego Lopes in dispossessing him These things thus repayred it seemed that all troubles had beene pacified within the Realme but those which were entertayned by the Infant Don Alphonso de la Cerde wherfore it was resolued to repell him couragiously beginning by the seege of Almaçan which held for him but D. Henry who desired no peace in Spaine disappointed this enterprise and afterwards the King of Arragon and he hauing met at Ariza they made leagues and confederacies without acquainting the Queene or her Councell therwith The King of Arragon tooke Lorca both towne and castell by the sufferance of Don Henry and Don Iohn also Thus was this couragious Queene opprest with a thousand insupportable difficulties in her Gouernement and Regency which were procured by her owne subiects besides the feare she had of forraine enemies There was a new assembly of estates called at Burgos and afterwards continued at Zamora where there were granted a subuention of great summes of mony for the war and also for the dispensations which they demanded from the Pope who by that meanes granted them and they were published The Infants D. Henry and D. Iohn beeing still discontented did soone begin to make new practises to diuide the king and his mother whose wisedome and iudgement did displease them The Queene beeing at Burgos there came other Ambassadors to her from the French king to aduise her to do him reason for the lands of Nagera the riuer of Oja and others that were held by the precedent kings of Castile otherwise they did protest in their Masters name that he would haue recourse to armes whereat the Queene was much perplexed apprehending greatly the forces of such a king as Philip the Faire was Hauing conferred with D. Henry D. Iohn of Castile and D. Iohn Nugnes de Lara it was concluded with the Ambassadors that the Queene of Castile and the Gouernor of Nauar should meet at Victoria where they should treate of all differences Whilst that this poore Princesse did labor to maintaine her sons estate the Noblemen aboue-named carried away the king to Leon and did separate him from her neither was there any thing concluded at the interview of Victoria for the great differences of either part The king D. Iames sent a knight vnto D. Maria Queene of Castile beeing at Victoria Arragon to tell her that if she would be a meanes that he might hold the towne of Alicante without any controuersie he would restore all that he had taken in the Realme of Murcia wherunto she would not consent for hauing like a Lady of iudgement intelligence what was done by her neighbours she did not now so much feare the king of Arragon as shee had done seeing him in trouble with his Nobility by reason of a tribute which he had imposed as well vpon the Nobility as the rest of his Realme Selga a tribute Diuisions in Arragon called Selga wherefore she sought to haue intelligence with the malcontents of Arragon to intertaine and augment these diuisions About this time dyed the Queene D. Constance mother to the king D. Iames and D. Frederick at Barcelona The Queene-mother of Castile hearing the wrong they had done her Castile in carrying away her son she came with all speed to Vailledolit and to disappoint her aduersaries desseigns she sent vnto the king of Portugal to effect the marriage betwixt the king her son and the Infanta D. Constance that by this means she might get from him the places which he held in pawne of the Crowne of Castile wherunto the Portugois yeelded But they which held the youg king D. Fernand desirous to entertaine the king of Portugals fauor to the end they might be supported by him in their tyrannies aduised him not to yeeld vp any thing promising that the marriage should be accomplished when he pleased whereat he was very glad and stayed not long to put the married couple together but did not giue vp the townes Hereupon the king D. Fernand called an assembly of the Estates at Medina del campo whither the Deputies wold not come without the expresse commandement of the Queene-mother but she appointed them to go
her sonnes preiudice This election of Arbitratours signified to the King of Portugall and accepted by him hee went to Tarrassone in Arragon passing by Medina del Campo from whence the King Don Fernand did accompany him vnto Soria To Tarassone there also came the King of Arragon Don Iohn and the Bishop of Sarragossa who imployed themselues to examine the rights and pretensions of the parties whilest that the King Don Fernand and the Queene his Mother attended their sentence in Agreda In regard of the Realme of Murcia the King of Portugall Don Iohn and the Bishop did pronounce That the riuer of Segura should make the separation betwixt the Lands of Murcia and Valencia so as that which is to the South of Murcia should be of the Iurisdiction of Don Fernand and from the sayd riuer towards Valencia should belong to the King of Arragon so as Don Iames did not onely get the towne of Alicante which hee had demanded but also many other places As for the differences betwixt the king Don Fernand and Don Alphonso de la Cerde which were greater for the Don Alphonso pretended the whole Relame of Castile to belong lawfully vnto him it was iudged and arbitrated by the kings of Arragon and Portugall That for the right and interest which the sayd Don Alphonso pretended by an arbitrarie sentence pronounced vppon the pretension of Don Alphonso de la Cerde the king Don Fernand should giue and surrender vnto him the places which follow Alba de Tormes Bejar Val de Corneja Gibraleon Gargantalaolla Torremenga Passaron el Reall de Mancanares Algaua Mont de la Grede de Magan the Towne of Sarria with the appurtenances thereunto adjacent Monçon Lemos Robayna Aliadra Almonia Canall and la Barka Estercolina Torre Blanca Rodo Eledia Hornacuelos las Hazennas of Corduba the Royall right and inheritance of Bonilla with the appurtenances thereunto belonging Colmenar of Sepulueda and Aldea maior with Sal de Campos Vencos Gaton Ferran Moliellas the Salt-pits of Rubio Belbimbre Castro Caluon the Port of Vizagra of the Cittie of Toledo and the Martinengas of Madrid and of Medina del campo All these fore-mentioned places were adiudged and giuen by the Arbitrators to the Infant Don Alphonso into the possession whereof hee should without any opposed contradiction bee actually put and inuested by the king Don Fernand by our Lady day otherwise called the Natiuitie of the blessed Virgin Mary in September following and in consideration thereof the Infant Don Alphonso should no more intitle himselfe king of Castile and Leon nor carrie the armes quartered of Castile and Leon as hee had done before and continued it to that present day and hee should deliuer vp and surrender vnto the king Don Fernand the Towne of Almaçan with the appurtenances adiacent and some other places which hee had taken during the warre This arbitrarie sentence was giuen and pronounced by the Arbitrators in the yeare one thousand three hundred and foure whereunto were added and annexed great penalties and forfeitures to the partie that should infringe or violate the same at the which were present Don Raymond Bishops of Valencia Don Martin Bishop of Lisbon the Bishop of Huesca and the Bishop of Cordoua Don Iohn Osorio Master of the knights of Saint Iames Iohn Ximen Diego Gonçales Secretarie of Tarassone Gonçalo Gonçales Raymond Altar of Aguilar Pero Lopes of Padilla Fernand Guttieres of Quixada Gonçalo Diaz de Cauallos Lope Garcia of Hermosilla Martin Fernandes Porto Carrero Alphonso Perez of Saauedra Sancho Ruis of Escalante moreouer there were also present at that time Velasco Peres of Leyua Stephen Peres of Auila Lope Peres of Burgos with many other Noblemen and Knights and it was written and signed by Andrew Perez of Corbera publike Notarie of Tarrassone In this last sentence D. Iohn was no Iudge but Agent and Atturney for the king D. Fernand in whose name hee yeelded As for the Infant D. Alphonso what shew soeuer he made he was nothing pleased as it will appeare by the euent The kings hauing beene some daies together as well at Tarassone as at Agreda parted good friends These matters beeing ended they resolued to determine the controuersie betwixt the Infant D. Iohn and Don Diego Lopes de Haro to which end D. Diego was cited to come to Court which was then at Medina del Campo to answer to the demands of Don Iohn and of his wife D. Maria Diaz de Haro heire proprietarie of Biscay D. Diego would not plead in the Court of Leon but he appeared in that of Castile which gaue ninty dayes respite to the defender notwithstanding if he let the thirtieth day passe and did not present himselfe or giue a lawfull excuse they might seaze vpon their sheepe oxen cowes and swine and eate them tying the feete against the walles and trees in signe of the demanders possession Don Diego appeared and pleaded for his defence that considering the accords and transactions made heretofore betwixt him Don Iohn and Donna Maria his wife by the which they had yeelded vnto him the possession of the Segneurie of Biscay in regard of the recompences which they had receiued wherewith they were contented and had sworne and confirmed it by oath they were now fallen from all the right they could pretend to the sayd Segneurie and the dependances The cause beeing pleaded of either side with allegations of maine reason they were referred to councell and in the meane time the Queene D. Maria foreseeing some new trouble laboured by all meanes to accord them or to vndergo an arbitrarie and friendly sentence but Don Diego Lopes would not yeeld thereunto but departed without the King or Queenes priuitie and returned into Biscay the which was very ill taken The assembly beeing ended the king came to Vailedolit Sentence giuen by the king against D. Diego Lopes de Haro where he was so importuned by the Infant Don Iohn as he pronounced sentence by the aduice of his Councel contayning That D. Iohn and his wife Donna Maria Diaz should be put in possession of Biscay yet he did suspend the execution of the sentence thinking that Don Diego would grow thereby more tractable but he was resolued to hold his Segneurie so the king seeing his obstinacie would haue dismembred the country of Guipuscoa from his Crowne to giue it to his vncle in recompence wherunto he yeelded to end all quarrels but D. Maria Diaz de Haro beeing obstinate sayd resolutely that she demanded nothing of another mans and that she would neuer quitte her fathers inheritance no not if they would giue her ten times as much as the Segneury of Biscay was worth These poursuites did so trouble and disturbe euery man and euen Don Iohn himselfe as they all thought it fit and conuenient the King so commanding to surcease the processe for two yeares during the which the parties should haue truce and not attempt any thing one against another And for that the great loue and friendship
them free with the forts in the hands of the Estates to inuest them to whom by right it should belong 10 That if they infring any of these Articles or any part of them the subiects should be quit of their oth of subiection which they ought them These Articles being promised and sworne by the King and Queene they were sollemnly crowned and the Deputies of the Estates Noblemen and Officers of the crowne tooke their oth of obedience Coronation of Philip of Eueâ—euâ— in the Cathedral chruch of Pampelone And afterwards there were orders set downe by the King and Queene for the Gouernment of the Realme the which being written were sent into France and confirmed by King Philip of Valois at Paris the same yeere of our Lord 1329. After that time the French Kings had no command in Nauarre hauing held that realme eight and fifty yeeres vnited to the crowne of France yet King Philip of Valois retained of the inheritance of his cousin the Countesse of Bry and a while after hee gaue them other lands in exchange yet not of that value Philip and Ieanne King of Nauarre had these children following Genealogy of Nauarre Charles who succeded in the realme Philip Earle of Longueuille Lewis Earle of Beaumont le Royer and afterwards Duke of Duras Ieanne married to the vicont of Rohan Mary Queene of Arragon wife to D. Pedro the ceremonious Blanche Queene of France last wife to Philip of Valois and Agnes Countesse of Foix married to Gaston Phaebus some of which were borne before their Election and some after Lewis the third sonne of this marriage was Earle of Beaumont in Normandie for that he married the heire of that house by whom he had one sonne called Charles of Beaumont who married the daughter of the Vicont of Mauleon in Nauar Beginning of the house of Beaumont in Nauarre and was the first Standard-bearer of the realm through the fauour of King Charles his vncle Of this Charles of Beaumont is descended the house of Beaumont in Nauarre After the death of the Countesse of Beaumont Lewis married Ieanne daughter and heire to the Duke of Duras vpon the coast of Macedonia towards the Adriatike sea and was intitled Duke These things being done in Nauarre King Philip being aduertised that the French King marched with a mighty army against the Flemings rebelled who had chased away Lewis their Earle and committed many insolencies against the Kings Officers both in words and deeds he parted out of Nauarre beeing loath to faile him at need who had so kindly suffered him to take possession of the Realme leauing the Queene D. Ieanne to gouerne Nauarre He was present at the battaile which King Philip of Valois gaue the Flemings at Cassel whereas twenty thousand were slaine vpon the place by meanes whereof Count Lewis was restored to his Estate and the Flemings subdued This warre being ended the King of Nauarre returned into his realme It was then that the Infant D. Alphonso de la Cerde sonne to D. Fernand eldest sonne to King D. Alphonso of the Astrologuer being ill intreated in Castille Donation made by the Infant D Alphonso de la Cerde to the Kings of Nauarre where he pretended the crowne made a donation vnto the crowne of Nauarre of the rights which he pretended in Guipuscoa Alaua Rioja and other lands the which had in former times belonged to Nauarre and were vsurped and retained by the Kings of Castille Some affirme that this donation was made in the yere of our Lord 1330. But howsoeuer King Philip desirous to do Iustice to gouerne his Realm wel which had great need and therefore was necessary to entertaine peace with his neighbours made no great account thereof at that time but sent Ambassadors to D. Alphonso then raigning in Castile Ambassadors sent from Nauarre to Castille to seeke his friendship The Ambassadors found the King at Talauera la Reyna who entertained them well Their Ambassage was that the Realme hauing many yeeres wanted the Soueraigne Magistate and in a manner abandoned by their Kings it was no wonder if many things had happened contrarie to the ancient alliances betwixt the houses of Castille and Nauarre for what did the Viceroys and Gouernors care beeing strangers hauing no resemblance of manners nor other bond of friendship with the Spaniards how all things went so as they were obeyed in the country and that they might vaunt they had rather done wrong then receiued any keeping continuall garrisons of strangers ready to commit any insolencies whereof God had some times shewed his Iudgement euen in the last incounter neere vnto Beotibar where by an extraordinary and miraculous punishmen God had chastised the negligence of the foure last Kings which had held the realme of Nauarre who had respected it so little as they had scarce looked towards it yea the two last neuer came nere it which had made the bad to grow more insolent and so to continue vntill that the lawfull heires of the crowne of Nauarre were come to their possession by the decease of King Charles the Faire Philip Earle of Eureux husband to their true Queene D. Ieanne being called to raigne who had sent this Ambassage vnto him to let him vnderstand these things as a neighbour Prince and friend with whom they desired to entertaine peace and friendship by all good offices which Princes and neighbour Estates may receiue one from an other The King D. Alphonso hauing heard this Ambassage fitted vnto the deseignes of the new Kings of Nauarre moderating the things which had past betwixt these two realms before their Election answered that hee was glad the Nauarrois had had meanes to recouer them for their Kings to whom the crowne did by right belong and that for his part he desired to entertaine a perpetuall friendship with King Philip and Queene Ieanne and to shew it by the effects in any occasion that should be offered wherewith he would acquaint his subiects to the end their Kings vassals both Nauarrois and French should be well intreated in Castille and if any wrong were done them it should bee repaired and that they should aduertise their Kings on his behalfe to doe the like in thier countries The Ambassadors returning with this answere gaue great contentment to King Philip who to administer Iustice erected a new Court of Parliament in Nauarre the which was called New to distinguish it from the Old hee and the three Estates of the realme naming men worthy of that charge The like Ambassage was sent by him into Arragon and Portugal who were returned with pleasing answers Matters beeing thus setled in a better Estate then before Ambassadors from Nauarre to Arragon and Portugal the King and Queene returned into France leauing for Gouernor a French gentleman called Henry of Guliac or of Solibert but with a more lymited power then former Viceroys and Gouernors Such was the Estate of Nauarre vnto the yeere 1331. Let vs now returne
both captaines and souldiars ranne like madde men one vpon an other with greater obstinacy then against their enemies and many were cruelly slaine so as this rage had a manner ruined the Arragonois Estate in that Island but God had otherwise decreed for the Pisans beeing very weake and brought low with the long precedent warres Pisans quit the Island of Sardinia which they had sustained both against the Geneuois and Arragonois did quit the Island of Sardinia by an agreement made betwixt the King of Arragon and their Senat in the yeere of our Lord 1326. so as the towne of Sassari was yeelded to the Arragonois Pisans quit the Island of Sardinia the Marquis of Malespina surceasing and promising to be obedient to the King and his Lieutenants Thus the Kings of Arragon became Lords of Sardinia without contradiction for a time but in their owne country of Cattelogne and Valencia there wanted no troubles and quarrels which grew amongst the Noblemen of the country Troubles and quarrels where is much idle Nobility beeing an ordinary thing that whereas there is great store of idle Nobilitie there is alwaies 〈◊〉 and contention to the oppression of the people D. Arnaud Roger Earle of Palliars and Raymond Folch Vicout of Cardona were then in armes one against an other by reason of a murther committed on the person of D. William Queralt whereof the Earle of Palliars was accused and either of them hauing a great troupe of friends and Partisans held allattelogne in confusion with their horrible insolencies In the country of Valencia D. Iames Lord of Xerica was in quarrell with his owne mother D. Beatrix of Loria and would haue put her out of her lands and possessions so as this quarrel did in a manner diuide the King and his sonne D. Alphonso the one supporting the mother and the other the sonne The soueraigne should alwaies be a Iudge and not a Partisan in his subiects quarrels These quarrels were reconciled with much paine for when as the Souveraigne Magistrate doth medle in his subiects quarrels and of a iudge becomes a Partisan his authority leanes to the one side and the remedies are more difficult and lesse effectuall D. Iames of Xerica during these troubles married the widowe Queene of D. Sancho of Majorca whose name was Mary sister to Robert King of Naples a woman of an vnchast life In the yeere of our Lord 1327. Don Iames the Young of Majorca did homage for the Islands and Land which the held as well in Cattelogne as on this side the mountaines to the King of Arragon as to his soueraigue in the presence of Don Philip his vncle and Tutor Don Pedro and Don Raymond Berenger the Kings children Caston of Moncade Bishoppe of Huesca and many others and within few daies after Don Iames King of Arragon died in the towne of Barcelona hauing raigned sixe and thirty yeeres foure monthes and a halfe A Prince rather inclined to good then bad to whom learning and learned men owe the foundation of the Vniuersitie of Lerida in Cattelogne seuen and twenty yeeres before his death which hee endowed with many preuiledges and would haue that alone throughout all his dominions forbidding all other schooles but for Grammer and Logicke His bodie lies buried in the Monastery of Santa Cruz. D. Alphonso the fourth of that name the twelfth King of Arragon DOn Alphonso his sonne succeeded him to whom was giuen the surname of pittifull Hee was not the eldest but that Don Iames his eldest brother quitting in his fathers life time the succession of the crowne of Arragon as wee haue said entred and inuested himselfe into that Order of Knights of Saint Iohn of Ierusalem Hee was King This was his issue During his fathers life Genealogy of Arragon hee married first Donna Therefa of Entenza Countesse heire of Vrgell by whom hee had the Infant Don Pedro borne at seuen monthes end who was King and he Infant Don Iames Earle of Vrgell and Vicont of Ajar and moreouer foure other sonnes and one daughter who died verie yong and are interred at Sarragossa in Saint Francis Church with their mother Donna Constance who was wife vnto Don Iames the last King of Majorca Donna Theresa had not the title of a Queene for that shee died foure daies before the King Don Iames her father in lawe Beeing King hee tooke to his second wife Donna Leonora of Castille daughter to the King Don Fernand the fourth who was mother to Don Fernand Marquisse of Tortoça who married at Ebora Donna Maria of Portugal daughter to the King Don Pedro and was slaine by the commaundement of his brother raigning an Arragon hee had also by her Don Iohn who died in Castille Don Alphonso beeing come to the crowne hee gaue the countrie of Vrgel and other Lands to his second sonne Don Iames. Comming to Saragossa where the generall Estates were assembled hee tooke and receiued a reciprocall oth according to the auncient custome of Kings his predecessors and was crowned King in the yeere of our Lord 1328. in which yeere were crowned in Nauarre Philip of Eureux in France Philip of Valois and at Rome the Emperour Lewis of Bauaria At this Coronation of King Don Alphonso did assist with the Deputies of the Estates Don Iames of Arragon Lord of Xerica Don Pedro Iuge of Arborea Don Raymond Folc Vicount of Cardona Don Arnauld Roger of Mataplane Earle of Palliars Don Alphonso Fernandes of Arragon Lord of Ixar Don Lope de Luna Don William and Berenger Anglesol Don Iohn Ximenes of Vrrea Don Pedro Ceruel Don William Ceruillon Don Othon of Moncado and Don Othon of Fosses with other Noblemen There were aboue two hundred and fiftie Knights made with the ceremonies accustomed in those times where there was present the Ambassadors of Iohn King of Bohemia called Henry Bomallia who brought a promise from his Maister that hee would come into Spaine to make warre against the Moores with the King of Arragon the which he did not The warre which Arragon made against the Infidells King of Arragon makes warre against the Moores of Affricke was more in Affrike then in Spaine for the opportunity of Sardinia did inuite the Kings of Arragon for to raise their powers and make warre against the Moores which commaunded at Tunes Bugie and Tremessen Notwithstanding beeing mutined againe by the perswasion of the Geneuois this yeere a truce was made betwixt the King of Arragon and Abubacar pettie King of Tunes and Bugia and Abduria Hamen King of Tremessen The Court beeing at Daroca about the end of this yeere an Edict was made that for tenne yeeres no towne castle gouernment nor any customes imposts or places of Iustice whatsoeuer should bee giuen or alyenated from the reuenewes of the Crowne the which the King seeking afterwardes for to breake it caused great alterations and tumults Don Iames King of Maiorca did a new homage to King D. Alphonso for his realme and other lands
continued his seege more violent then before some authors say that the King of Castile had a desire to repudiat his lawful wife Donna Maria who was daughter to D. Alphonso King of Portugal and to marry D. Leonara de Guzman his concubine and that it was the true cause of their hatred D. Iohn Manuel going secretly out of the castle of Garci Nugnes he came to Pegnafiel to fauor them that were beseeged within Lerma In the meane time the tower of Lobaton and Soto were taken by the Kings men where some Knights being taken they were condemned and put to death The King of Portugall thinking hee had iust cause to enter in hostil manner into Castile hee beseeged Badajos which seege continued vntill that D. Pero Alphonso de Sosa a Portugall was defeated with his troupes by the garrisons and people of Andalusie and Extremadura neere vnto Villanoua of Barca Rotta where many Portugals of account beeing slaine the King was forced to raise his seege They of Lerma seeing themselues battred with great obstinacy beganne to distrust their owne strength and were out of hope of any succours wherefore they sought meanes how to let D. Iohn Nugnes de Lara escape by night least hee should fall into the King of Castiles hands who was much incensed but all passage were so stopt as hee could not possibly get out so as in the end hee was forced to compound yeelding himselfe with the forts of Biscay vpon condition that hee should haue his life saued the which was promised him and kept The townes of Lerma Busto and Villafranca in the mountaines of Oca were demanteled and the forts of Biscay deliuered into the Kings hands for an assurance of Don Iohn Nugnes faith hauing promised and sworne neuer to leaue his seruice who followed the court at Vailledolit and was afterwards much honored by the King who besides other dignities made him chiefe standard-bearer of the Realme and in the end he recouered al that had beene taken from him D. Iohn Manuel seeing this Arragon retired himselfe into Arragon where there were great broiles betwixt the King D. Pedro and D. Leonora his mother in law and her partisans for D. Pedro of Xerica whose lands the King had taken away was in armes with Diego Lopes of Haro Iohn Martin of Leua Lope Diaz Rogio and other Commanders beeing sent by the King of Castile who assisted them with men money and councell and to conferre of these quarrels hee and his sister Donna Leonora met at Ayllon whereas shee made great complaints of the King D. Pedro who had chased her out of Arragon and spoiled both her and her children The King of Castile desyring to bee reuenged of the King of Portugall Castile and Portugal hee marched towardes Badajos where vpon the way hee was aduertised that Donna Leonora de Guzman was deliuered of a sonne the which hee caused to bee named Don Tello An. 1337. this was in the yeere of our Lord 1337. Donna Beatrix his aunte Queene of Portugall came vnto him at Badajos intreating him for to pardon the Portugalles and not to enter in hostile manner into the countrie promising to finde meanes to reconcile all quarrels betwixt her sonne and him and that all reasonable satisfaction should bee made Her praiers were reiected and hee marched with his army towards the towne of Yelbes where hee cut vp the Vignes and Oliue trees and spoiled all there abouts then hee past by Ronches and Beros King of Castile inuades Portugal with an army and returned to Chelles and Oliuencia desyring much to incounter the Portugal army the which hee knew to bee in field but it marched an other way Don Alphonso Ieoffres Tenorio Admirall of Castille defeated the Portugal army at sea beeing commanded by Manuel Pecagno a Geneuois and carried away the Admirall prisoner yet not without losse of some of his ships and men This was the first attempt of Castile against Portugal the which was staied by the Kings sicknesse wherevpon he caused himself to be carried to Seuile and put his army into garrisons but being soone recouered he gathered his forces againe togither and entred into the country of Algarbe notwithstanding that the great master of Rhodes by commission from Pope Benedict the eleuenth had exhorted him to desist from this war and in like manner the Archbishop of Rheims who was then Ambassador in Castile for the French King he past the riuer of Guadiana and came to Ayamont which finding abandoned he repast at Castromarin the which was wel fortefied so as he would not stay but marcht towards Tabira where he burnt the trees and razed the farme houses there abouts and then he returned into Castile by Alcautin Whilest he wasted the country of Algarbe in Porgutal the King of Portugal did the like in Gallica and beseeged Saluatierra who although he tooke it not yet hee spoiled a great country and left it desoalte by reason of the couardize of Don Pero Fernandes who was Gouernor in these parts who would neuer shew himselfe to make head against the King of Portugall for that hee had beene bread vp a Page in his court wherefore the Portugall army hauing spoiled the countrie of Galicia at their pleasures they returned without any incounter The Moores were ioyfull spectators of these warres betwixt the father in law and son so as they did strictly entertaine the truce which they had made with the King of Castile and for the better confirmation thereof there came a great Ambassage into Castile from Albohaçen the Miralmumin of Maroc the chiefe whereof were two Alfaquins or Doctors of Mahumets sect of great reputatoin who presented vnto King D. Alphonso Barbary horses rich swords cloath of gold and of precious silke Ostriges Falcons and other beasts who hauing receiued an honourable reward and obtained confirmation of the truce with reparation of some excesse which had beene committed amongst the garrisons of the frontiers they rturned well satisfied but soone after the Moore changed aduice and councell hearing to their great griefe that there had beene a truce concluded betwixt the two Kings of Castile and Porgual This truce was treated and made by the diligence of the great Maister of Rhodes and the Archbishop of Rheims Ambassador for France it was concluded with the King of Castile in the towne of Merida about the end of the yeere 1337. or in the beginning of the next During this was betwixt Castile and Portugal D. Ximenes de Luna Archbishop of Toledo died Death of Ximene de Luna Archbishop of Toledo in whose place the Chapter did choose but through the Kings fauour who had written D. Gil Aluares of Cuenca otherwise called D. Gil Carrillo of Alboronza councellor of Estate to King D. Alphonso and Archdeacon of Calatraua in the same church a man of great vertue amongst the Spaniards who for his wisdome and iudgement did in time merit to be a Cardinal of Rome with the title of Saint Clement
the factions and insolencies which followed for D. Iohn Nugnes de Lara being gone from court Hatred betwixt D. Iohn Nugnes de Lara and D. Iohn Alphonso of Albuquerque in a great rage against the Lord of Albuquerque for some byting words cast forth in their controuersies during the Kings sicknesse the cares of this young and ill experienced King cholerike by nature and inclyned to reuenge were filled with the reports of such as gouerned him wherevpon hee was so incensed against this house of Lara their friends and adherents as it was euident that hee sought but an opportunity to doe them some mischiefe The death of D. Iohn Nugnes which followed soone after in the towne of Burgos made his aduersaries deseignes more easie he left for successor to his Siegneuries which were great one sonne but two yeeres old called D. Nugno de Lara And at the same time D. Fernand Manuel Lord of Villena died also leauing one onely daughter named D. Blanch who died also soone after These deathes did much content D. Iohn Alphonso of Albuquerque for that hee was freed from great emulators and aduersaries which hated his authority and the familiarity he had with the King who preferred him before all the Princes and Noblemen of Castile The King was aduised by his councell to seize vpon these young pupils and of their lands according to which hee went towards Burgos causing D. Leonora of Guzman to be brought after him whom hee sent with a good gard to prison to Talauera Being at Henera the importunities of his mother Donna Maria were such as he was forced to deliuer vnto her this poore imprisoned Lady D. Leonora of Guzman murthered by the commandement of the widow queen who with a womanish and boundlesse rage caused her to bee cruelly murthered in reuenge that she had many times defrauded her of the amorous imbracings of the King her husband and presently shee begged all her goods an act which was nothing royal and which did redownd to the great contempt of the deceased King Don Alphonso Since which time and by reason of this murther the towne of Talauera was and is called de la Reyna or of the Queene The King D. Pedro did this being yong and ill aduised Being come to Burgos at his first arriual he caused Garsilaco de la Vega to be slaine in his owne lodging and afterwards there were also dispatcht Alphonso Garcia Camargo Fernandes of Medina and Alphonso Fernandes Noblemen murthered by the commandement of the King D. Pedro. Secretary or Notary a Burgeois of that city al for the quarrels betwixt the Lord of Albuquerque and the house of Lara A lady of honor called D. Mencia wife to Martin Ruis of Abendagno Gouernesse to the yong Infant Nugno de Lara Lord of Biscay hearing of these cruel executions of the new King transported the Infant from Paredes de Naua in Biscay least the King should do it some harme The King hearing thereof pursued them himselfe vnto the bridge of Larra where vnderstanding that the Gouernesse and the Nurce had recouered the town of Vermejo he returned to Burgos and resolued to make war against the Biscayns so as within few daies he sent Ruis Diaz of Rojas to beseege Orosco the which Iohn of Abendagno House of Lara son to Martin aboue named held who yeelded the place by composition In the meane time D. Nugno of Lara died being but three yeers old in the towne of Vermejo by whose decease the Siegneuries of Biscay and others came to his two sisters or to the eldest of them called D. Ieanne of Lara and if she died to D. Isabel the yonger but the King had these yong Ladies in his power with al the lands and Siegneuries of the deceased D. Iohn Nugnes The father of these children had three sisters whereof the eldest named D. Blanch was wife to D. Iohn Manuel The second called D. Marguerite was a religious woman in the towne of Caleruega in the Monastery of Saint Dominike built by King D. Alphonso father to this King and the third D. Maria was married intso France twise first to the Earle of Estampes and next to Charles of Valois Earle of Alençon brother to King Philip the sixth or as some hold his brothers sonne Of the first bed shee had one sonne who was Earle of Estampes and of the second foure whereof the one was Earle of Alençon named Peter the second whom they called Robert Earle of Perch and the two other of the church This Lady Mary did afterwards contend in the time of King Henry the second for the Siegneuries of Biscay as we shal shew at the time of the death of this yong Lord D. Nugno de Lara Siegneuries and rights of the house of Lara there were in this house besides the Siegneury of Biscay the townes of Saint Gadee Loçoya Eglise Salouer Font Burvene Berçoso Cibico of the tower Galez Paredez of Naua Villallon Cuenca of Tamarit Melgar of the frontier Barzon Moral of the Queene Aquilar del Campo Caleruegos Beluer St. Iames de la Puebla by Salamanca Orepeça the field of Arrannelo and other townes besides these great Siegneuries the house of Lara Lords of Biscay had this prerogatiue alwaies to lead the foreward in armies whereas the King was in person In assemblies of the Estates the Lords of Lara were general Attorneies or Deputies for the Nobility by an especial preuiledge and often times they did carry the standard royal Besides these things Don Iohn Nugnes de Lara deceased held by reason of his marriage the townes of Lerma Lands called Beetries in Biscay Alaua and the neighbor countries Villa-franca in the mountaines of Oca Busto Amejugo Balorcanos Tor de Blanco other places besides the rights of Linager which he had as chiefe of the house of Lara and Lord of Biscay to the lands called Beetrias They were certaine lands and passages of the country so named hauing this preuiledge from all antiquity to choose what Lord they pleased out of the nobility of that lynage or family soeuer to command ouer them and to defend them and among them there were some that might change their Lord 7. times a day if they pleased others hauing the like power to change their Lord were yet bound to choose of the same family to those that were first recommended so as they were rights purchased to families many such prerogatiues had the Lords of Biscay and of Lara The liberties of these lands called Beetries the King D. Pedro sought to abolish at the Estates assembled 1351. and the 2. of his raigne at Vailledolit An. 1351. 3 Before he came to the said Estates he was visited by Charls King of Nauar as they did sympathise wel in nature and disposition they made great shewes of loue and gaue royal presents one vnto an other After this enterview the King D. Pedro came to Vailledolit from whence Iohn of Ruel as Bishop of Burgos Aluar Garcia
Iohn Infants of Arragon with many other knights followed him He tooke D. Maria of Padilla from Montalban brought her to Toledo These that were about him preuayled so by their intreaties as he returned to Vailledolit to his wife but he stayed but two dayes and went away againe leauing the Lady much perplexed at these strange courses The Queene D. Blanche retired with the Queene-mother to Tordesillas and the king returned to D. Mary of Padilla who entertained the hatred and dislike which the king had of his wife that shee alone might enioy him It is written by Diego of Valera that among all the precious iewels which the Queene had brought out of France there was a rich girdle which she presented to the king her husband the which D. Mary of Padilla hauing in her power she found out a Iew Girdle inchanted a Magitian which did inchant it so as when the king would put it on beeing amazed and demanding what Prodigie it might be his minions who were allyed to his concubine answered that they were the goodly presents which this French Gentlewoman had brought him Whereupon he was much incensed against this poore Lady In the meane time D. Tello the kings base brother married D. Ieanne the eldest daughter of D. Iohn Nugnes de Lara deceased whereuppon by this marriage he became Lord of Biscay and of the other places and lands aboue-mentioned the which did much offend the king causing him to grow into a greater furie and rage against him and the rest then before whereof the sharpest effects were against them that reprooued his leud life and the indignities he did vnto the Queene his wife whom for spite hee caused to be led to Areualo with a guard and vnder the custodie of Don Pedro Gudiâ—l Bishop of Segobia and a Bourgesse of Toledo in whome he trusted his name was Tello Palomochio as a prisoner and began to displace all the Officers of her house and al others which had beene aduanced by the fauor of D. Iohn Alphonso of Albuquerque hee tooke away the Office of Chamberlaine from Guttiere Fernandes of Toledo and gaue it to Diego Garcia of Padilla brother to his Mistris that of Cup-bearer which Iohn Rodrigues of Viedma held was giuen to Aluar Garcia of Albornoz the allowance of diet was taken from Guttiere Gomes of Toledo and giuen to Pero Gonçales of Mendoça a great Lord in Alaua from whence are descended the Dukes of Infantazgo In Seuile the king did also change many of the chiefe Officers of the Realme which had beene aduanced by the fauour and councell of Don Iohn Alphonso of Albuquerque giuing them to others that were recommended by Diego Garcia of Padilla and Iohn Fernandes of Hinestroça namely he looke the gouernment of the frontier from Don Garcia Fernandes Manriquez and aduanced Fernand Perez Puerto Carrero Thus the king altered things within his Realme forced the greatest to humble themselues and to sue vnto the kinsfolkes and fauorites of Donna Maria of Padilla hating all them deadly that did but tell him that he ought to loue Donna Blanche the Queene his wife and liue Christian-like and honestly with her as Don Gil Carillo of Albornoz Arch-bishop of Toledo had sought to do who being of his councell and a Prelate of great dignitie in Spaine had presumed to reprehend his disordered life in that behalfe Arch-bishop of Toledo forced to leaue Spaine but hee tooke it in so ill part as this reuerent man was forced to abandon all the liuing hee had in Spaine and retire to Auignon to Pope Clement by whose successor Innocent the sixth who came to the Popedome that yeare 1353. he was made Cardinall and in his life-time they proceeded to a new election in the Arch-bishoppricke of Toledo and Primacie of Spaine putting in his place one Don Blaise This King made himselfe to be feared and so much hated of all the Noblemen of his Realme as euery man made choice of a party and sought how to assure himselfe from his fury and violence Don Iohn Nugnes of Prado Master of Calatraua a friend to Don Iohn Alphonso of Abuquerque retired into Arragon to the Commanderie of Alcaniz but the king who had a desire to haue him in his power sought all meanes lawfull and vnlawfull to assure him so as he made him come vppon his faith and promise that he should haue to harme This good Knight who found himselfe guiltlesse of any crime but that he had beene a friend to the Lord of Albuquerque came into Castile to the towne of Almagro but he was presently beseeged by the kings commandement by Don Iohn de la Cerde and by Peter Nugnes of Godoy who notwithstanding did secretly aduice him to returne into Arragon before that the king who was gone out of Seuile to come thither were arriued the which he would not do saying That he found his conscience free from all rebellion and that he had no cause to feare to put himselfe into the kings mercy but it succeeded ill for him The king beeing come the master came vnto him and cast himselfe at his feet intreating him to receiue him in his iustifications but this cruell Prince refusing to heare him him Imprisonment and murther of D. Iohn Nugnes of Prado master of Calatraua depriued him instantly of the Master-ship of Calatraua the which he gaue to Diego Garcia of Padilla and commaunded that he should bee carried prisoner to the castell of Masqueda whereas Stephen Domingo of Auila commanded an there within few dayes after he was murthered by Diego Lopes of Portas seruant to Diego Garcia of Padilla whereof the king would haue excused himselfe saying That it was done without his commandement but it appeared sufficiently that he was not discontented there-with Going from Almagro the king came before the towne of Medellin belonging to the Lord of Albuquerque whereas Diego Gomes of Silua a Knight of Galicia a commanded the towne yeelded fearing the kings furie and soone after the castle the which the king in disdaine of the Lord of Albuquerque caused to be instantly razed after which hee led his army before Albuquerque the which was held in the name of their Lord by Martin Alphonso Botello a Genlteman of Portugall and vnder him commanded Peter Esteuanez Carpintero Commander maior of Calatraua The King hauing summoned them to yeeld the place vppon refusall he proclaymed them Rebels whereof the Portugall who was not his subiect made no accompt The Commander excused himselfe saying That the place was not in his power Wherefore he past on towards Cobdesera another place belonging to Don Iohn Alphonso the which he would not take so as after some skirmishes he left Don Henry Earle of Transtamare and Don Frederic Master of S. Iames his breethren who followed him against their wils and he came to Caceres Afterwards he resolued to send ambassadors into Portugall whither the Lord of Albuquerque was retired to demand him of the king of Portugall as his
name of Christians Whilest the King lay idle in Andalusia beeing too much giuen to women he courted Donna Aldonça Cornel daughter to the deceased Don Alphonso Fernandes Cornel whom he had caused to be slain and wife to D. Aluar Perez of Guzman his rebell but yet he did not forget D. Maria of Padilla Besides this vice hee continued his cruelty against the Nobility for that yeare 1358. An. 1358. he caused his brother D. Frederic Master of S. Iames to be slain in the town of Carmona D. Frederic the kings brother and other Noblemen put to death being newly come out of Murcia where hee had in his name recouered Iumilla from the Arragonois who had taken it There was also slaine by his commandement Sancho Ruis of Rojas at Cordoua he also put to death Peter Cabrera Fernand Alphonso of Gates and at Salamanca Alphonso Geoffrey Tenorto at Toro Alphonso Peres Fermosino and in the castell of Moja Garci Mendez of Toledo and moreouer he caused Lope Sanches of Abendagno great Commander of Castile to bee put to death and others in diuers places according to his humour and discontentment yet seeking to couer these executions with a cloake of Iustice publishing declarations containing the crimes of such as he had put to death although it were apparent that they were but reuenges for that all or the most part of them had not approued his excesse or had in some sort opposed themselues In which murthers employed two were much fauored by him who afterwards fell into the same misfortune for a recompence of their good seruices as it happened to his cousin D. Iohn of Arragon sonne to the Queene D. Leonora who being an actor in the death of D. Frederic maister of Saint Iames did willingly follow the King in a voiage he made into Biscay to disposse D. Tello his other brothr of that Lordship and to kill him The King being sodainely arriued at Aguilar del Campo he had surprized D. Tello being a hunting and not dreaming of his comming had he not beene aduertised by a Squire of his called Guttiere Guerra but through this aduertisment he escaped and retired to Vermeo the chiefe towne of Biscay where getting into a fisher boate he saued himselfe at Saint Iohn de Luz and from thence retired to Bayone He was not farre at sea before the King came to Vermeo who hearing that he was dislodged he beganne to pursue him by sea and went as Farre as Legueytio but descouering nothing and the sea withall beginning to grow high returned and carried away prisoner D. Ieanne of Lara wife to D. Tello Inheretrix of Biscay 〈…〉 The King being at Vermeo D. Iohn of Arragon who had married D. Isabella of Lara the other sister besought him to grant him that Lordship seeing that D. Tello had shewed himselfe contumacious his wife being also prisoner that he had married the other sister to whom the King answered cunningly that hee would haue the Biscains assemble in the towne of Guernica according to their ancient preuiledges and there choose their Lord and that for his part he would labour to haue him chosen the which did satisfie D. Iohn for the present In the meane time the King did let the chiefe of the assembly vnderstand that when they were together and the King should propound vnto them for to choose D. Iohn of Arragon they should all cry out that they would haue no other Lord then the King himselfe and his successors Kings the which they did as they had beene enioyned so as D. Iohn of Arragon found himselfe frustrate of his hopes This generall assembly of Biscay is called in her countrie language Batçaar which is as much to say as an assembly of ancients The King being come from Guernica to Bilbao hee sent for D. Iohn of Arragon to his lodging and there commanded he should be slaine in his presence D. Iohn of Arragon slaine in the Kings lodging and in his presence and his body to be cast out at the window which looked into the court the which was ful of people and crying woth a loude voice Behold your Lord of Biscay who demaunded you then he caused him to be carried to Buâ—gos and there to be cast into the riuer and would not suffer him to be buried and for that his mother D. Leonora Dowager of Arragon and his wife D. Isabell were greeued for this cruel act he caused them to be shut vp prisoners in the castle of Castro Xeris This was the reward of Iohn of Arragon who had to please a tyrant consented to the death of many great personages yea his neere kinsmen The King being come to Vailledolit he had resolued to sacrifice some in that towne but hearing that D. Henry of castile Earle of Transtamara and D. Fernand of Arragon brother to D. Iohn did ouerrunne the countries of Soria and Almajan and that of Murcia he did forbeare and hauing put great garrisons into the places about Soria he came to Seuile being resolued to doe all acts of hostility both by land and sea against the King of Arragon He had made ready eighteene gallies with the which and great forces by land he came and beseeged Guardamar and tooke it and for that it did belong to the Infant D. Fernand he burnt the towne but he could not take the castle But sodainely a violent winde tooke his gallies vpon that coast so as sixteene of them ranne on ground yet he returned againe into Murcia and was nothing amazed thereat for he was of a proude and haughty spirit but caused many other gallies to be built at Seuile and commanded that all the ships in Galicia Biscay and Guipuscoa should come thether in the beginning of the yeere 1359. An. 1359. to inuade the Realmes of Valence Cattelogne and Arragon During these exploits of warre D. Pedro King of Arragon charged him of Castile with disloyaltie and treason before the Pope and challenged him by Bernard Galscran of Pinos to whom the King of Arragon would haue giuen the title of King of Majorca that he might be equal in quality to the King of Castile but this was a mocquery Marriage of Isabel of Maâ—orca to the Marquis of Montferrat This yeere was married D. Isabel daughter to the vnfortunate Don Iames King of Majorca to Iohn Marquis of Montferrat to whom the King of Arragon gaue fifty thousand florins in dowry vpon condition that she should renounce all her fathers rights and so she did The King of Arragon being then at Saragossa he renued and confirmed to the Nobility of that city whom they call Ermunios the preuiledge they haue not to goe to the warres but when the King is in person ready to giue battaile or to assaile some place and declared that if any one of these preuiledged persons had followed him beyond these limitations that it should be no preiudice to their rights There he gaue the charge of the warre for the preseruation of the
the sort or castle of Tafalla As for Fillot of gramont hee continued three yeeres in prison and then was deliuered In the meane time the King Don Charles beeing in great care for the detention of his sonne in France hee caused Don Iohn King of Castile to bee sollicited by Donna Leonora his daughter in law who was retired into Castile to the King her brother who was strictly allied and a friend to the French Deliuery of Prince Charls in sauor of the King of Castile to bee a meadiator for the deliuery of the Infant Don Charles The King of Castile desirous to gratefie his sister imployed his best meanes to the young French King and his Gouernors and did so importune them by messages letters and Ambassages as they set the Infant Don Charles of Nauarre at libertie As for Don Pedro his younger brother and Donna Maria his sister they had beene released before Don Charles soone after his deliuery hee went into Nauarre to the great content of all the Nauarrois It was a great hatred and mallice in the King Don Charles the Father for to attempt such a wickednesse against the princes of France who shewed their generositie in consenting to the deliuerie of the Infant who was not guilty of his fathers offence who in all his actions was of so sower a disposition Disposition of D. Charles King of Nauarre as hee could not pursue his rights nor treat of any affaires with other princes but in choller and disdaine and whereas he could not obtaine and bring to passe what hee pretended hee had recourse to synister and vnlawfull practises desiring to reuenge himselfe of those that did him any iniury by what meanes soeuer Hee had one sister called Donna Agnes married vnto Gaston Earle of Foix called Phebus who for the wrongs hee had done vnto her husband was verie ill intreated by him so as shee was forced to leaue his companie and to retire into Nauarre who was soone after followed by a sonne shee had by him called Gaston where both beeing receiued and honoured by King Charles conferring often with his sister of her husbands bad vsage hee conceiued such a hatred against the Earle Gaston as hee drew young Gaston their sonne to poison his father and gaue him a venimous poulder to that end telling him that it was a remedy to make him change the hatred hee bare him and his mother into loue This young Nobleman beeing simple and ill aduised beleeuing what the King his vncle had said vnto him he returned into Foix to his father with an intent to season him some meate with this poulder Misâ—rable death of young Gaston of Foix. but hee could not so play his part but casting the poulder into the meate it was perceiued by the cookes or otherwise discouered wherefore the Earle commanded his sonne and onely heire to bee taken causing him to die miserably in prison so as after him hee left none but bastards which did not succeed in the Earledome of Foix one of them was Bernard who serued Henry the second King of Castile in the conquest of the realme against the King D. Pedro and was rewarded by him and endowed with lands and Estates in Castile from whom descended the dukes of Medina Celi or Zelim who by the mothers side belong to the bloud of Castile according to the order which followeth D. Fernand de la Cerde Beginâ—ing of the house of Celi or Zelim eldest sonne to D. Alphonso the Wise or the Philosopher left two sons D. Alphonso and D. Fernand of D. Alphonso married into France came D. Lewis Earle of Clermont and D. Charles or Iohn according vnto some Constable of france and Earle of Angoulesme D. Lewis Earle of Clermont married in Andalusia Don Leonora of Guzman daughter to D. Alphonso Peres of Guzman and was Lord of Hulua and of Port Sancta Maria and other lands in the right of his wife of which marriage issued Don Lewis Don Iohn and Donna Isabella de la Cerde This Donna Isabella was by the King Don Henry the second being setled in the realme of Castile married to Bernard bastard of Foix and had in dowry Medina Celi with the title of an Earle of them came D. Gaston surnamed de la Cerde leauing the name of the house of Foix and Bern. Hee was the second Earle of Medina Celi and married Donna Mencia of Mendoça daughter to Don Pedro Conçales of Mendoça a great Nobleman in Alaua by her hee had one sonne called Don Lewis who was the third Earle of Medina Celi and married with Donna Iean Sarmiento daughter to Diego Peres Sarmiento from whom came Don Gaston de la Cerde the second and forth Earle of Medina Celi who married Donna Leonora of Mendoça daughter to Don Iâ—igo Lopes of Mendoça Marquis of Sentillana from whom descended Don Lewis which succeeded him in the Earldome in whose time it was made a Dutchy D. Lewis married Donna Anna of Nauarre and Arragon base daughter to D. Charles Infant of Nauarre and Arragon This is the Genealogy of the house of the dukes of Medina Celi Such as wee haue sayd were the actions of Charles King of Nauarre whom in the end God strooke with a Leaprosie King Charles a Leapeâ— which made him to leaue all care of the affaires of this world and to giue himselfe to workes of piety according to the manner of those times which was to build chappels to ordaine Masses and Anniuersaries for his deceased parents and to adde rents and giue entertainement to Clergy men and Priests which did the seruice but aboue all hee labored to liue in peace with Christian Princes The Infant Charles beeing come into Nauarre about the beginning of the warre betwixt Castile and Portugal the King Don Iohn demaunded some supplies of souldiars out of Nauarre to lead with him wherevnto the King of Nauarre consented willingly remembring the good Offices hee had done with the French for his sonnes liberty whom hee sent well accompanied to this warre beeing vnable to goe in person by reason of his indisposition The Infant made some stay with his wife Donna Leonora who was in Castile and then passing on hee came to the King beeing incamped before Lisbone where hee staied not long the King Don Iohn beeing forced to raise the seege by reason of the plague which ruined his armie and returne into Castile as wee haue said dismissing the Infant his brother in law with all loue and content The yeere 1385. beeing come Portugal Affaires of the King of Castile succeed well in Portugal the King D. Iohn preparing to returne into Portugall hauing alreadie sent some ships and gallies against Lisbone hee had newes that the souldiars which hee had left in Saint Iren had defeated some troupes of Portugal whose leaders were the maister of the Knights of Christus and the Prior of Saint Iohn by reason of which victorie many places within the Realme had planted the Standard of Castile
that the time prefixed for such ratifications was past wherefore they must capitulate a new During these troubles in Castile the King of Nauarre did still sollicit his wiues returne or at the least of his two daughters and the King D. Henry had a great desire to see her dislodge but he knew not how to send her honestly out of Castile But she her selfe prepared the way for when as shee vnderstood that the Duke of Benauent and others of the league were reduced vnder the Kings obedience fearing some surprise she procured D. Pedro the Constable to come to Roa with two hundred Launces and some footemen and then seeing her selfe as it were assured shee sent vnto the King to demaund assurance to come to court to iustifie her selfe but the King thinking that the Duke of Benauent the Constable his aunt and all they of the league in Generall did smother in their brests the same wils they had before hee resolued to punish them one after an other and therefore he caused them that the Queene of Nauarre had sent vnto him to be staied and then being come to Burgos he propounded in councell what was to bee done There were present the Archbishop of Toledo the maisters of Saint Iames and Calatraua D. Iohn Hurtado of Mendoça the Admiral D. Iohn Hurtado D. Ruy Lopes of Aualos and others whereof some came armed to councell by the Kings commandement D. Frederic Duke of Benauent came also notwithstanding that some of his friends had wished him to retire telling him that they ment to take him as he entred into the place where the councell was kept the King went forth making shew that he would goe sup and speaking aloude that they must consider what answere to giue to the Queene of Nauarre And soone after hauing sent them word that they should speedily dispatch that which they had to doe D. Frederic Duke of Benauent a prisoner the Duke was taken prisoner and put in the castle of Burgos in the custody of the Maister of Saint Iames from whence hee was afterwards transported to Monreal and in the end in the time of the King D. Iohn to the castle of Almodouar del Rio neere vnto Cordoua where he ended his daies This is that famous prison of D. Frederic duke of Benauent celebrated throughout all Spaine This done the King sent Diego Peres Sarmiento the Gouernor to seize von all the Lands and goods not onely of the Duke of Benauent but also of the Constable D. Pedro and by the same meanes he seized vpon the lands of his aunt Donna Leonora Queene of Nauarre and he himselfe being followed with some troupes went to Roa where she was to beseege her and take her wherevpon the Constable who was with her abandoned her and went into Galicia to prouide for his owne affaires The Queene seeing her selfe forsaken beganne to lament filling all the castle of Roa with pittifull cries Queene of Nauar daâ—â—ted and the more to mooue them to pitty she attired her selfe her daughters and women in mourning weeds and sent her Confessor vnto the King to know his pleasure seeing hee came in that manner with an army The King gaue him some reasons and marched on to Valera from whence he sent Iohn Hurtado of Mendoça and Ruy Lopes of Aualos to the Queene to whom being full of teares and with a mournfull habit and countenance she complained much of the King her Nephew saying that hee sought to take away her goods and demanded assurance to â—â—oe and speake with him The Inhabitants of Roa careful of their safeties sent to offer the place vnto the King if it pleased him to receiue them as his owne and not to alienate them any more wherewith the King was content wherevpon they receiued the Archbishop of Toledo Iohn Hurtado Diego Lopes and Ruy Lopes with their followers and soone after the King entred to whom the Queene being come they entred into a church and there had much conference In the end the King granted her the reuenues of Roa Sepulueda Mardrigal and Areualo retayning the Iustice vnto himselfe and he commanded her to follow him to Vailledolit This businesse being ended Earle of Gijon seizeth vpon Oueido the King marched towards Leon to make warre against his vncle D. Alphonso Earle of Gijon who was in the Asturia's and had seized vpon the city of Oueido which did belong vnto the King the which he did fortefie with the towne of Gijon and other places By the way hee had conference with the Archbishop of Saint Iames who was much mooued for the imprisonment of the Duke of Benauent for he had come to court vpon his word and assurance The King made him promise that he should not enter into any league yet the griefe hee had for the Dukes detention made him forget all the affection he had had to the seruice of the crowne of Castile which in the end he left and retired into Portugal making the Schisme in the church his pretext saying that of his knowing the Pope raigning in Auignon was not lawfull but he that held his seat at Rome and for that the Portugals did adhere vnto him he retired into Portugal where he obtained the Bishoprike of Coimbra Archbishop of S. Iames retires into Portugal and then the Archbishoprike of Braga where he ended his daies He was of the noble family of Manriques a man of a small stature but of an actiue spirit full of courrage high minded eloquent liberall apt to compound great mens quarrels ambitious and one that enuied the Archbishop to Toledo D. Pedro of Tenorio who was of a different humor seuere statly ambitious also His disposition but he couered his ambition with modesty maintayning his dignity in such sort as he was respected and feared He lost in Castile the Archbishoprike of Saint Iames the office of Chancellor to the King with many other lyuings The King in passing caused the castle of Mansilla to be razed and vnited the towne which had belonged vnto the Duke vnto his demaines He then sent his men against Gijon the which they did beseege both by sea and land Being come to Leon he made a declaration in a great assembly in the chiefe church of the rebellions and fellonies of the Earle D. Alphonso his vncle committed both against the King D. Iohn his father and himselfe VVar against the Earle of Gijon the fauors he had done him since his inlargement by the Gouernors and his Ingratitude for the which he did confiscate all his goods to the crowne except the Siegneury of Noruegna which he gaue to the church of Ouiedo as had beene formerly ordained by the deceased King his father The King hauing sent some troupes towards Ouiedo the Earles men were chased away and the King was maister of the city so as the Earle was forced to shut himselfe into Gijon where he was straightly beseeged One of his base sonnes called D. Hernando holding the castle of
betwixt their Ambassadors for fifteene yeares Portugal had not beene signed and sworne by certain Noblemen of Castille as had beene agreed with other light occasions which drew him to field being yet proud of his former victories and contemning the youth and infirmity of King Henry his aduersary wherefore he sodenly brought his army before Badajos which towne hee tooke and the Marshall Don Garci Guttiere of Herrera in it whereat the King Don Henry was much incensed and speedily prouided for all things necessary to suppresse the boldnesse of this Portugall King both by sea and land One of the most remarkable exployts of this warre which continued three yeares was the incounter of fiue Castillan gallies with seauen of Portugall comming from Genoa laden with armes and souldiers the fight hauing continued very sharpe some houres in the end foure of the gallies of Portugall were taken one broken and the rest put to flight Victory of the Castillansat sea In this incounter the Portugalls lost aboue fiue hundred men besides the armes and equipage of their gallies the which were drawne to St. Lucar Many noble men of Portugall at that time left King Iohn and retired into Castile where they were entertained and had lands and houses giuen them by the King D. Henry Among others Martin Vasques of Acugna and his brethren Giles Vasques and Lopes Vasques came also with an hundred lances Iohn Fernandes and Lopes Fernandes Pachecos bretheren Aluar Gonçales Camelo Prior of S. Iohn with many others The king of Portugal entring by Gallicia he tooke from king Henry the town of Tuy and towards extremadura he layd seege before Alcantara to whose succour was sent D. Ruy Lopes of Aualos then made Constable of Castile in the place of the Earle of Transtamara who raised the seege and entring into Portugal spoiled and burnt the countrie and tooke Pegna major a place of strength by force On the other side the towne of Miranda of Duego was beseeged by King Henries captaines who prest it in such sort as it yeelded After some courses and prizes made at sea by the Admirall of Castile the truce was renued betwixt the two kings and was so entertayned as it was the last war which the Portugals had with Castile vntill our daies so as these two Princes gouerned their Estates in peace and quietnesse the remainder of thier liues In Arragon whilest they contended for the right of the succession against Mathew of Castelbon Earle of Foix Arragon and his wife D. Ioane eldest daughter to the deceased king D. Iohn as we haue sayd D. Maria wife to the D. of Momblanc being absent in Sicily took vpon her the title of Queene by the aduice of the councell of Cattelogne in the city of Barcelona where there assisted D. Inigo Valterra Archb. of Tarragona Bernard of Pinos Hugh Anglesole Roger of Moncade Viceroy of Sardinia Michel Gurrea Francis of Aranda who was held the wisest of his time Bernard Michel William Pujade Gerard Paliol Francis of Aranda a wise man and Bernard Zatrille These were of opinion that the Regencie of the realme should bee put into the hands of D. Maria vntill her husbands coming to whom they had sent D. Hugh of Bage Bishop of Tortosa Iohn Foulq son to the Earle of Cardona Emanuel Ragiadel Raymond Zaual a Cittizen of Barcelonet and Peter Grimald of Perpignan Ambassadors to giue him notice of his election and to hasten his returne The widow Queene Violant was in the meane time accompanied by foure of the chiefe Ladies by order frm the Councell the which did neuer abandon her and should haue a care of her deliuery for that she said she was with child And for that many men of state and others hauing had charges offices in the time of the deceased King Officers called into question had abused them their actions were now called into question during this Inteâ—egne and some of them were committed at Barcelona The Will of the deceased King beeing opened in the Assembly of Cattelogne they found that the same Duke of Momblanc to whom the peoples fauour inclined was there named heyre and successor to the Crowne in case the King Don Iohn dyed without issue male the which was signified to the Countesse of Foix. At the Estates assembled at Sarragossa to giue order that the realme should receiue no losse in the absence of the king D. Martin these chiefe men were present D. Garci fernandes of Heredia Arch-bishop of Sarragossa D. Iohn Martines Murillo Abbot of Montarragon D. Pedro Fernandes of Ixar D. william and Raymond Allamans Cevuillon D. Pedro Ruis Morio for the great Prior of Amposta The Prior of Rota The Abbot of S. Fides D. Pedro of Ladron Vicount of Villanoua D. Lopes Ximenes of Vrrea D. Fernand Lopes of Luna D. Iohn Martines of Luna D. Alphonso Fernandes of Ixar D. Pedro Fernrndes Vergua D. Francis of Allagon D. Pedro Ximenes of Vrrea son to D. Lope The Atturneys of D. Lewis Cornel of D. Artal of Allagon of D. Iohn Ximenes of Vrrea Atrasillo of D. Pedro Galcerand of Castro and of D. Anthony of Luna Moreouer Iohn Ximenes de la Cerde Iustice Maior of Arragon with many other Noblemen knights and Deputies of towns and commonalties who without regard to the demands and protestations of Mathew Earle of Foix and D. Ieanne his wife confirmed the Duke of Monblanc testamentarie heire of the Realme disanulling the conuentions made by the deceased king D. Pedro grandfather to D. Ieanne Articles of marriage broken by the estates to the preiudice of the Eaâ—le of Foix. at the treatie of her marriage with the Earle of Foix by the which it was sayd that if Don Iohn her father dyed without issue male she should inherit the Realme whereupon Mathew Earle of Foix sought to obtaine his right by armes seeing that iustice was denyed him And hauing employed the ayde of the Earle of Armaignac of Iohn Duke of Berry the French kings vncle and of other Noblemen of France he passed with a thousand men at armes three thousand light horsemen from the Vicountie of Castelbon beyond the Pyrenees and by the valley of Ferriere at Villemur he tooke Camaraça and marched as farre as Lerida where hee spoyled the country against whome the Estates did chose Don Pedro of Vrgell for Generall And for that it was suspected that D. Iohn Earle of Ampurias had fauoured these French troupes at the passage of the mountaines he was committed to prison but soone after deliuered hauing made proofe of his innocencie Although the Earle of Foix did much annoy the Arragonois yet the greatest losse fell vppon himselfe for beeing too weake a partie to incounter the power of Arragon he did nothing but spend his estate ingage himselfe and striue for nothing his army beeing forced to rise from before Barbastro and to retire for want of victuals and other discommodities towards Huesca and then to passe by Caparosso belonging vnto
warre done by him and for that he did no lesse loue learning then armes Eight and twenty daies before the death of the King Don Fernand dyed Donna Leonora Queene of Nauar his Aunt hauing beene married to King Charles her husband foureteene yeares she was buried in the Cathedrall church at Pampelona There was great mourning and heauinesse in Castile at the newes of King Fernands death Castille whose obsequies Queene Katherine caused to be celebrated with a pompe worthy of such a Prince and afterwards by the aduice of the Nobility shee tooke vppon her the sole gouernement of the realme and the tutelage of King Iohn her sonne whome shee gaue in guard to Don Iohn of Velasco D. Diego of Estuniga and to D. Sancho of Rojas Archbishop of Toledo whereat the Constable D. Ruy Lopes of Aualos D. Pedro Manrique and D. Alphonso Henriques grew very iealous whereupon there grew quarrels and troubles after the accustomed manner during the minoritie of Kings The Queene and the Councell did prolong the truce with the King of Granado for two yeares In yere 1417. Truce with Granado sending Lewis Gonçal of Luna 1417. Secretary of the Kings chamber to Granado to that end By this treatie the king of Granado set an hundred prisoners at libertie whose ransomes would haue mounted to a great summe of money D. Iohn Rodrigue of Castagneda Lord of Fouente Duegna and D. Inigo Ortiz of Estuniga sonne to Diego Lopes being in quarrell and demanding the combate the Queene would not grant it them in Castile but commanded them to retire into Granado Combats sheld not be allowed among Christians where as king Ioseph would giue them the field These Knights were put into the field by the Moorish king but he presently forbad them to fight declaring that they were both good Knights and reconciling them together he sent them home honored with Iewels and rich presents This hee did at the intreaty of the Queene-mother of Castile who had writ earnestly vnto him shewing therin to haue a mild and Christian-like heart For these combats are proofes of mad men which should not be suffered in the place of iustice seeing thereby all controuersies how great soeuer may be compounded and ended The Emperour Sigismond grieuing for the death of the king of Arragon Pope Benedict condemned by the Councell after that he had laboured in vaine to reconcile the kings of France and England who were continually in warre he passed to Constance whereas the Councell in the two and thirtith Session delcared Benedict to be periured contumacious a rebell Schismaticke and Hereticke depriuing him of his papacie which he had held almost two and thirty yeares yet he played the Pope still in Pegniscola but the Princes of Christendome in generall yeelded to the Councell notwithstanding Benedicts exclamations that seeing it was called without his authoritie Councel condemned by Pope Benedict it was not lawfull The Cardinals which were at Constance being two and twenty with thirty Electors deputed by the Councell did chuse Othon Colonne a Romane Cardinall of the title of Saint George in Velabro and named him Martin the fifth Benedict although he were abandoned by the Princes yet he continued still in his purpose keeping some Prelates vnder his obedience among which were the Cardinals Tholousa Rasan S. Angelo S. Eustace S. George and Montarragon the Archb. of Tarragone and the Bishops of Barcelona Vic Elne Girone Huesca and Tarrassone with many Abbots and other Clergimen who held him for true and lawfull Pope This yeare Iohn of Betancourt a knight of France by gift from Queene Catherine conquered the Ilands of the Canaries Conquest of the Canaries by Iohn of Betancourt and intitled himselfe King He could not take the great Canarie for all the Inhabitants of the Iland had retired themselues thither wherefore finding too great resistance he retired himselfe hauing built a fort in that of Lancerot from whence he did trafficke and drew profit form the neighbor places of lether tallow slaues and other such commodities he being dead one Menault succeeded him in whose time Pope Martin instituted an Episcopall sea in those Ilands to the which there was a certaine Monke called Friar Mendo aduanced but this king Menault hauing no great regard when there was question of profit to the soules health of the Ilanders he sold them indifferently as well the Pagans as those which had receiued Baptisme whereof the new Bishop did complaine to Queene Katherine Menault the 2 King of the Canariâ—s sels the Ilands to them of Seuile requiring her to free them of that Lord whereupon she sent Peter Barna de Campos with three ships of warre with whom Menault hauing long contended in the end by the Queenes sufferance he sold these Ilands to a Knight of Seuile called Fernando Peres in whose hands and his successors of Seuile they haue remained vnto the time of the king D. Fernand the 5. and of the Queen D. Izabella D. Diego Lopes of Estuniga Iustice maior of Castile hauing long serued King Henry the 3. Family of Estuniga comes out of Nauarre and Iohn now raigning dyed this yeare His house came out of Nauarre and was of the bloud royall as some Authors haue left in writing The yeare 1418. Queene Catherine dyed suddenly An. 1418. being fifty yeares old she was buried at Toledo in the chappell of the last kings By her death King Iohn was freed from tutors and there was a Councell established with the which he should gouerne his Realmes whose letters and expeditions should be signed on the back-side by two of his Councellors This yeare there came ambassadors to him from France to demand ayde against the English to whom they gaue hope of an army at Sea The king of Portugal did also send to confirm a perpetuall peace betwixt Castile and Portugall but there was nothing concluded at that time The English proclaimed warre against Castile whereupon the truce with Granado was prolonged for two yeares King Iohn beeing at Medina del campo was betrothed to D. Maria of Arragon his cousin daughter to the deceased king D. Fernand then hee held a Parlament when for his new accord of marriage they granted him a great subuention The same yeare mention is made of the death of Friar Vincent Ferrier of Valencia afterwards canonized a Saint by Pope Calixtus who was also of Valencia Hee that most gouerned the king at that time entring into his maioritie was Don Sancho of Rojas Arch-bishop of Toledo whereat they did murmure from which time the Estate of Castile was very turbulent The Guipuscoans and Biscayens fell to theeuing at sea without any subiect of warre euen vppon the coast of Brittany whereof D. Iohn then liuing complayned much by his ambassadours to the King of Castile who desirous to liue in peace with Christian Princes sent Fernando Peres of Ayala Gouernour of Guipuscoa to bee an arbitrator Hee with another chosen by the Duke of
was giuen to the Infant Don Iohn by king Charles in dowry with D. Blanche his daughter foure hundred twenty thousand a hundred and twelue florens of gold of the coyne of Arragon sixe solz and eight deniers a notable summe for a King of Nauarre an argument of the great tresure which hee had gathered together during the long peace of his raigne It was also agreed that the lands and forts which the Infant did hold in Castile and Arragon shold descend to the heire which shold be borne of that marriage succeeding to the Crowne of Nauarre The Infant did enioy in Arragon the Dutchies of Gandia and Momblanc Possessions D. Iohn Infant of Arragon the Earledome of Ribagorça and the towne of Balaguer and in Castile the Dutchie of Pegnafiel Infantazgo and the Segneurie of Lara and moreouer the townes of Cuellar Castro-Xeris Villalon and Haro afterwards he obtayned Alba de Tormes Olmedo Paredes of Naua Majorga Villerado Cerezo Medina del campo Aranda of Duego Roa Colmenar and other places all which he afterwards lost by the wars he had against Castile the titles and pattents whereof are remayning in the records of Nauarre These articles of marriage were sworne by the three Estates of the Realme And it was long disputed betwixt the Infant Don Iohn and the king of Castiles councell where this marriage should be celebrated In the end he got fortie dayes libertie to go and perform it in Nauarre whither he went accompained with many of the Nobility of Castile From hencefoorth D. Iohn will entitle himselfe Infant of Nauarre and Arragon The marriage beeing ended returning with his wife D. Blanche towards Castile hee met with a messenger from Don Sancho of Rojas Archbishop of Toledo who aduertised him of a great excesse committed by his brother Don Henry Master of Saint Iames solliciting him to returne with all speed to court and thus it was Don Henry the third sonne to the deceased Don Fernand king of Arragon desired to marrie Donna Catherine king Iohns youngest sister Castile who had the Marquisate of Villena for her dowrie but fearing that he should neuer obtaine her by any due course he resolued to haue her by force so as beeing rash and exceeding bold he entred on a time into Toledo with three hundred armed men where he seized on the kings person wherein he was assisted and fauoured by Don Ruy Lopes of Aualos the Constable and D. Pedro Manriques They tooke Iohn Hurtado of Mendoça Lord Steward of the king house and others who were opposite vnto them and holding the King as it were a prisoner they caused many of his houshold seruants and Officers to be chased away aboue all they desired to displace D. Aluaro de Luna kinsman to the deceased Archbishop of Toledo who of a page of the chamber was come to be the kings great minion But D. Henry held it now the best to winne him by mildnesse and bountie that hee might make vse of him in that which he pretended The Infanta Donna Catherina to whom this marriage with Don Henry was not pleasing entred into the Monasterie of Saint Claire in that cittie from whence she was afterwards taken for that Don Henry led the King to Segouia and then to Auila promising not to vse any force concerning the marriage Don Iohn Infant of Nauar and Arragon hearing of these newes he much blamed the attempt of Don Henry his brother and resolued to oppose himselfe against him wherefore he called all his friends to Olmedo and such Noblemen and Knights as disliked of his excesse so as in few daies hee assembled three thousand Lances the Infant D. Henry preparing also for the warre hee was in a manner equall in strength to his aduersaries beeing in the towne of Auila whether hee had led the King The factious being ready to enter into a furious warre D. Leonora the widdow Queene of Arragon and mother to these two Princes laboured so betwixt them as all these troups retyred except a thousand Lances which remayned for the Kings gard then comming to the treaty of marriage the Infanta D. Catherina being instantly intreated by the King her brother who was not free to take D. Henry for her husband she would by noe meanes harken to it D. Henry being the stronger about the King thinking that D. Iohn was opposite to his dessines he kept him from the king not respecting him nor them that followed him Estates sorcea he called an assembly of his partizans in forme of a Parlament where he caused the fact of Tordesillas to be allowed and ordained what he pleased yea he caused letters to be written in the Kings name to the Pope by the which hee intreated him to giue vnto the Infant D. Henry the Lands of the Maistershippe of Saint Iames in â—ee simple to him and his children for euer with the title of a Dutchy an impudent demand and so reiected by the Pope The King married with D. Maria of Arragon Demanâ— of D. Henry mâ—â—t impudent in Auila without feasts or ceremony and then they led him to Talauera and the Infant D. Henry neuer ceassed vntill he had celebrated his marriage with D. Catherina his Cousin Germaine causing the Marquisate of Villena to be assigned for her dowry with the title of Dutchy who was the third Duke of Castile and the question being of marriages Marriage forced betwixt D. Henry and D. Catherine of Castille where they doe vsually shew them-selues bountifull Aluar de Luna the Kings Minnion had in guift the towne of Saint Stephen of Gormas and other Knights were aduanced to other lands as it pleased D. Henry The King being much discontented with his restrayned Estate hee conferred often with Aluar de Luna of the meanes how hee might escape but there appeared great difficulties on euery side for the confederats which held him watcht carrefully ouer him notwithstanding going one day abroad vnder collour of hunting King escapes out of D Henries hands he aduentured to runne to Villalua and finding himselfe not safe there he past to Montalban which is betwixt Talauera and Toledo some-what out of the way whereof the Infant D. Henry being aduertised who had newly fynished his marriage he was wonderfully troubled in mynde drawing what forces he could to field and then the Constable and he followed the King but in vaine for he was in a place of safety who sent some to aduise them that they should not follow him but returne to Talauera which the Infant D. Henry did but the troupes which were in the poursute stayed not vntill they had some newes and came and lodged about the Castle of Montalban yet they attempted not any thing for the reuerence they bare vnto the King who seeing him-selfe as it were beseeged and without victualls in the place he had means to aduertise the Infant D. Iohn D. Sancho of Roias Archbishoppe of Toledo the Admirall D. Alphonso Henriques and other Knights intreating them to
come and free him In the meane time D. Henry held a councell with his partisans at Talauera and prouided for many things Kings of Castile beseeged by his owne subiects least the King should escape from him Being intreated by his men who were in the forme of a Campe abot Mountalban hee came thether bringing with him the Queene D. Maria his Sister and all the Nobility that was a Talauera to repaire this disorder in some sort The King and such as were with him in the Castle for want of better foode did eate their horses D. Iohn of Torsillas Bishop of Segobia being brought in hee sought to make an accord for the Infant D. Henry but the King interrupted him saying that D. Henry should come himselfe and to hee sent him backe D. Henry would not aduenture to enter but he procured that the Constable d' Aualos and D. Aluar of Luna conferred together but they could not conclude any thing nor yet the deputies of the prouinces of the realme who entring into the Castle were intreated to moue the King but they could get noe other answer but that D. Henry must free his lodging from seege who indeed was forced to dislodge for the Infant D. Iohn and other Noblemen being followed by good troupes of men at armes approched and would haue taken him from thence by force Thus the King was deliuered from this seege and the Castle furnished with victualls wherefore he sent a commandement to the Infant D. Iohn of Arragon that he should not aduance with his troupes vntill he had other newes from him The Infant stayed at Fonsalida where D. Alfonso Henriques the Admirall ioyned with him being well accompanied and others which came from all parts to deliuer the King as they said out of prison This was at that time when as Villa-real beganne to be called Citudad real in recompence of the good seruice which the Inhabitants did vnto the King in this tumult Don Henry being retired to Ocagne hee had commaundement from the King to lay downe armes but hee would not obay The King parted from Montalban to returne to Talauera vpon the way hee was met by the Infant Don Iohn and Don Pedro his brother with other Noblemen who hauing kist the Kings hands dined with him at Villalua and then they were sent backe to their troupes for Aluar de Luna who gouerned the King could not endure that any of the Infants should stay in court least it should impaire his credit and authority The King being come to Talauera he sent a new commaundement to Don Henry and his confederats to disarme who were content so as D. Iohn the Infant of Arragon did also disarme whom the King commanded to send away his men wherein he obaied after which the King hauing dispatched some businese in his fauour at Talauera hee went to Auila by the way hee came to Pegnafiel where hee ddi visit his cousin Donna Blanche of Nauarre D. Henry depriâ—ed of his gâ—ods and digâ—ities Castile wife to the Infant Don Iohn making great demonstrations of loue vnto her Don Henry would not disarme especially beeing degraded of the title of Marquis of Villena by a decree of the councell and his lands beeing seized on hee would recouer them by force if he might not otherwise for proofe whereof hee assailed Chinchilla Alarcon and the castle of Garci Nugnes where there was a garrison for the King causing on the other side his wife Donna Catherina to whom the Marquisate did belong to bee a sutor vnto the King for his pardon but the King was so incensed as he would not heare speake of it and he reuoaked the title of Duke which hee had caused to bee giuen him of the lands belonging to Order of Saint Iames hoping to make them hereditary The King did also reuoake the guift of Castagneda in the Asturia's of Santillana which hee had made vnto Don Garci Fernandes Manrique for that hee was one of Don Henries faction Don Garci refusing to yeeld beeing in possession there were some companies of men at armes sent who chased him and tooke some of his followers of whom Iustice was done Don Henry hoping for no fauour from the King marched towards Aguilar del Campo as hee sayd to kisse the Kings hand but the King dislodged from Aguilar and came to Palençuela sending word to Don Henry that hee should not aduance and that hee should dismisse his souldiars then hee came to Vailledolit and from thence to Tordesillas whereas Queene Mary his wife was yet Don Henry followed the King leading with him fifteene hundred launces and came vnto Guardarama so as the King was forced to draw companies vnto him for his safety Don Henry sent againe to beseech him to giue him accesse that he might discharge himselfe causing the deputies of townes to make the like sute from him but they laboured in vaine the King giuing them so many reasons as they laied all the blame vpon Don Henry and told him that he must obay and leaue his armed troupes the which he promised to doe but he did not performe it The Queene Donna Leonora mother to these Infants of Arragon being in great perplexitie to see this her Sonne in danger to be ruined she laboured all shee could possibly to pacifie the Kings wrath most iustly incensed against this rebell and rash vassall Don Lope de Mendoça Archbishop of Saint Iames did the like Intercession for D. Henry Infant of Arragon but they preuailed nothing the King reiecting all prayers and sutes vntill hee had laid aside Armes wherefore Don Henry hauing made shew of two thousand Lances and three hundred light horse hee dismist them and returned to Ocagne with the Noblemen of his faction except Don Pedro of Velasco who came to the Court The King did also muster his men where there were found aboue sixe thousand men at Armes whom hee also discharged beeing payed except one thousand Lances which hee ratayned for his guard In the meane time Donna Blanche Infanta of Nauarre Nauarre was deliuered of a Sonne at Pegnafiell An. 1421. in the yeare of our Lord one thousand foure hundred twenty and one the which was Christened at Olmedo by the King of Castile and was named Don Charles and Don Aluar de Luna was his other God-father Don Iohn the Infants father feasted the King and whole court with great bountie and state Two yeares after this Infant was carryed into Nauarre at the instance of King Charles his Grand father who at that time made Viana â— Principalitie affected to the eldest sonne of Nauarre annexing to the towne and castle of Viana those of Guarde Saint Vincent Bernedo Aguilar Vxeneuilla Pombation San Pedro Cambreda val de Campeço Maragnon Toro Her-rara and Buraâ—oni and more-ouer he gaue vnto him corâ—la and Cinâ—ruenigo Peralta and Cadrieta these foure last being distinct Siegneuries from the Principalitie And at the Estates at Oliâ—e he caused him to be sworne heire of the realme
to the King D. Iohn were sisters daugthers to the duke of Lancaster but by diuers ventures This Prince came from trauailling ouer Christendome and it is he of whom it is said in Portugal that hee had seene the seuen parts of the world that is to say all from thence he past much honoured into Portugal D. Pedro of Portugal a great traueller In like manner there came the same yeere into Castile D. Pedro Infant of Arragon in his returne from Naples whereas the affaires had not beene very succesfull for the Arragonois where he went to see the Queene Donna Leonora his mother at Medina del Campo The King freed D. Garci Fernandes Manrique out of prison who had beene committed with the Infant D. Henry Thus past the gouernment of Castile vnto the end of the yeere 1428. In the which the King of Arragon hauing made an accord with Pope Martin Arragon he forced the Antipope Gil Mugnos resyding in the castle of pegniscola to renounce the Popedome hauing held it foure yeeres whereby the Schisme in the church of Rome ended hauing continued foure and forty yeeres Ths Gil Mugnos had in recompence the Bishoprike of Majorca and was receiued into the boâ—some of the church and in fauor with the Apostolike sea of Rome The Cardinals created by him gaue ouer their hats and Martin remained sole Pope This yeere beganne an other sect of Monkes of Saint Ierosme springing out of that of Saint Bartlemew of Lupiana Castile wherevnto Friar Lopes of Olmedo a Doctor of the lawes and a religious man in that Monastery gaue the beginning Hauing beene chosen by the Monkes of Saint Bartlemew to be generall of their Order being desirous to reforme them he gathered out of the Bookes of Saint Ierosme and others a cetaine rule and manner of lyuing which hee said had beene held in Bethelem wherevpon that great Doctor and his Monkes prescribed that monacall weed which he said was vsed by them and hauing presented all vnto Pope Martin hee caused his order to be allowed vnder the name of friars hermits of Saint Ierosme of the obseruance of Bethelem and then he sought to haue it receiued in Spaine by the religious of his Order and to reforme them to bee more perfect according to the same but they told him plainely that they would none of it wherefore he was forced to finde out other followers He therefore erected a conuent vnder that title neere vnto Seuile called of Saint Isidro name which hath remained to this new sect so as there haue beene since in Spaine two sorts of Monkes of Saint Ierosme the one of Lupiana and the other of Saint Isidro or of friar Lope This Order of Monkes makes the fourth of them that liue vnder the Romish church in Spaine numbred with the Bernadins Foure Orders of Monkes which beg not Benedictins and Carthusians These Isidres haue multiplied in such sort as since they haue extended themselues farre into Italy and other Regions And althought that their beginning be from Spaine and that in the beginning the chiefe of their order was a Spaniard yet in succession of time and through the negligence of the Spaniards the Italians haue gotten it and whereas they sent vice-generals of this Order out of Spaine into Italy now it is otherwise Such were the effects of the doctrine of that age Whilest that D. Iohn King of Nauarre Nauarre and his wife D. Blanche were in Castile the Estates of Nauarre assembled and tooke a new oth to D. Charles Prince of Viana Queene Blanch went first into Nauarre and soone after the King her husband arriued hauing made a renuntiation of certaine lands of Castile in fauour of his sonne D. Charles being then seuen yeeres old where the leagues were renued betwixt Castile Nauarre and Arragon King Iohn hauing full power from King D. Alphonso his brother And on Whitsonday 1429. the King D. Iohn and Queene Blanche his wife were crowned at Pampelone the three Estates of the realme being assembled and the rights preuiledges and liberties of the country sworne by them D. Martin of Peralta Bishop of Pampelone did the ceremony of the vnction and others accustomed in such cases There were present the Ambassadors of forraine Princes the Bishops of Calaorra Tarrassone and Bayone with many Noblemen and Knights of Nauarre Castile and Arragon At this coronation there was againe sworne and confirmed the matrimoniall conuentions betwixt the King D. Iohn and D. Blanche the heire made in the time of King Charles her father The Estate of the Moores of Granado during these tumults in Castile had beene quiet by prorogation of the truce with the King of Castile and his councell in consideration of a certaine tribute which was paied by King Ioseph vntill his death the which was in the yeere 1423. being very old and hauing enioyed the realme fifteene yeeres Mahumet the Left-handed called Aben-Azar the foureteenth King of Granado AFter Ioseph reigned his sonne Mahumet Moores called Aben-Azar the Scepter of Granado continuing by him in the succession of Ferrachen who was Gouernor of Malaga This King who was left-handed of his person had also a sinister reigne for he was thrice chased from his throne after great miseries and twice restored These seditious changes were ordinary and haue alwaies beene amongst the Arabians who are inconstant treacherous rauishing and ambitious if there be any liuing King Mahumet did maintaine the truce and entertaine himselfe in the fauour and friendship of the King of Castile for some yeeres and in like manner with Muley Aben Ferriz King of Tunes but he could not get the loue of his owne subiects In the beginning of his reigne he made a Knight whose name was Ioseph of the family of Aben Sarraces which was great and much esteemed amongst that nation Algâ—azil Major or chiefe Marshall of Granado The troubles of Castile whereas many Noblemen yea D. Henry Maister of Saint Iames banded against their King was a president for the Moores who conspired against this Left-handed Mahumet in fauour of an other of the same name surnamed the Little so as they made him King and forced Mahumet to flie to Tunes to King Muley Aben Ferriz his friend Mahumet Aben-Azar expelled in which exile he was followed by about fiue hundred Moores of his faction as well horse as foote who were all well entertained and afterwards assisted to recouer the lost Kingdome in Spaine Mahumet the Little the fifteenth King of Granado MAhumet called the Little reigned then about the yeere 1427. the eleuenth of that name and fifteenth King of the Moores at Granado The surname of Little was giuen him to distinguish him from his predecessor who raigned before him This King entring by tyrany thought that rigour and cruelty was the best means to maintaine him in his Estate as commonly tyrants doe wherefore he beganne to persecute the Officers friends and partisans of his predecessor whom he had expelled by imprisonments Tyrants
he came presently to the campe and then the castle of Montarches yeelded by intelligence which the constable had with the captaine The Prouinces and townes of Castile did furnish the King with fiue and forty millions of Marauidies for the warre and there was an Ambassage sent to Rome to Pope Martin to free the King of Castile of the imputations which were saied vpon him by him of Arragon The King of Nauarre making shew to enter into Castile by Briones D. Pedro of Velasco went to field with all the troupes he could gather together hauing drawne out of Biscay three thousand men led by Iohn of Abendagno Ordogno Garcia Arrega Gonçalo Gomes of Butron and his sonne Gomes Gonçalo of Muxica Biscains deseated by them whom they had vanquished for want of discipline Lord of the house of Muxica and finding no man to make head against him hee went to beseege the towne of Saint Vincent the which was taken by assault but whilest the Biscains were busie at the pillage not caring to keepe any order nor martiall discipline entring confusedly into the houses without any gards vpon the approches being entred into the houses the Inhabitants who were armed and retired into the castles seeing this confused multitude in their towne they brake out vpon them and incountring Gomes Gonçales in the street with a small company they tooke him hauing slain most of his souldiers whose father Gonçalo Gomes of Butron running to succour him beeing as ill accompanied as his sonne was slaine with some of his men and could not be releeued D. Pedro of Velasco seeing that the castle could not be forced with a long and painefull seege he set fire on the suburbes and of some houses in the towne and then returned to Haro carrying with him many of his Knights and good souldiers wounded Towne of Saint Vincent obtaines new preuiledges The towne of Saint Vincent for the losse it sustained then and for the good seruice it did in the warre betwixt Nauarre and Castile obtayned many priuiledges and freedomes for the inhabitants thereof He among the Nauarrois which did most harme to the Castillans was a Knight called Sancho of Londogno the kings Marshall issued from the house of Londogno neere to Ordugna a member of Biscay he running one day into Rioja was surprized by the ambushes which Diego Peres Sarmiento captaine of Bastide had layed for him who carried him prisoner to that fort but this losse was soone recompenced by Ruy Dias of Mendoça the bald borne at Seuile and yet he did serue the king of Nauarre faithfully and was gone foorth of Tudele with foure hundred hoâ—se and fiue hundred foot ouer-running the countrie of Agreda against whom D. Inigo Lope of Mendoça Lord of Hita and Buitrago who kept a garrison there for the king of Castile sallying foorth and comming to fight in the field of Arauiana he was there vanquished with the death and imprisonment of many Castillans At that time the Infanta D. Izabella of Portugall daughter to the king D. Iohn was married to Philip Duke of Bourgondie Earle of Flanders and Lord of many other Seigneuries who had two wiues without any children Of this mariage was born Charles whose daughter and onely heire was afterwards married to Maximilian of Austria The very day that this marriage betwixt D. Philip and the Infanta Izabella was celebrated with great pompe at Bruges Institution of the Order of the golden fleece the Order of Bourgondie of the golden fleece was instituted by him the tenth yeare after his comming to it vppon a vow which he had made to go and make warre against the Infidels of Syria and to conquer the countrie of Iurie but his great affaires made his vow fruitlesse His Order had for head and patron I know not by what diuinity S. Andrew and the solemnitie of the Order was to be celebrated euery yeare three dayes together whose knights should be the first day attired in red in signe that heauen is purchased by the effusion of bloud and by Martyrdome Ceremonie of the order of the Fleece the second day in blacke representing mourning for the dead and the third in white in honour of the purity of the Virgin Mary and they should carry for a marke of their knight-hood a chaine made in fashion of fuzils with a rams skin fleece hanging at it a deuise taken not from the Pagan Iason but from the faithfull Gedeon as some say The first knights of this Order were foure and twenty in number of the Noblest and most renouned of his Estates of Burgondy Flanders and the Netherlands wherewith since many Princes and great Noblemen of Spaine and other places haue held themselues much honoured This was that Duke Philip who to reuenge the death of his father Iohn murthered at Montreaufaut-Yoone by the Dauphin Charles drew the English into France to the ruine of his naturall country as you may read at large in the History of France The yeere 1430. being come 1430. D. Iohn King of Castile prepared to make warre against the King of Nauarre against whom he had the greatest spleene and forgetting no kinde of rigour he resolued to depriue him and his of all the lands which they held in Castile without euer hoping to re-enter into them and therefore he gaue to D. Guttiere of Toledo Bishop of Palence King of Nauarres lands in Castile confisked and giuen away and afterwards Archbishop of Toledo the towne of Alua de Tormes to D. Pedro Manrique Gouernor of Leon the towne of Paredes de Naua to D. Roderigo Alphonso Pimentel Earle of Benauent Majorga to the Marshall Inigo Ortiz of Estuniga Cerezo he would haue giuen to Fernand Diaz of Toledo fiue hundred vassals in the lands which did belong to D. Iohn King of Nauarre but hee refused them He gaue to D. Frederic of Arragon Earle of Luna base sonne to Martin King of Sicile Villalon and Cuellar to Queene Mary his wife Olmedo and other places to other Knights The king being come to field before the fort of Albuquerque hee caused the Infants D. Henry and D. Pedro to bee sommoned to yeeld him the place promising that the Infants should be herd in Iustice and that all the rest should haue a generall pardon giuing the Infants thirty daies time to resolue and the rest forty but their answers were arrowes and bullets with great daunger to the Kings person who being in a great rage at their obstinacy he caused D. Henries processe to be made and gaue the administration of the maister-ship of Saint Iames to the constable diuiding his lands to diuerse Knights very prodigally as hee had done the King of Nauarres In the meane time D. Diego of Estuniga or Suniga Bishop of Calaorra and Calçada and his vncle D. Pedro of Estuniga Earle of Ledesma Iustice Major of Castile and an other D. Diego of Estuniga his counsin wiht the forces of the frontier tooke the towne of La Garde in
Hercules Whilest that these things past in Spaine in the yeare 1436. Nauarre 1436. the Kings of Arragon and Nauarre were deepely ingaged in the warre of Naples whither the Dutchesse Izabell of Lorraine wife to Rene of Anjou a prisoner was come and with the helpe of Pope Eugenius defended her husbands right couragiously The two breethren kings beeing aduertised of the affaires of Spaine by their friends and seruants they resolued to send a ioynt ambassage to the king of Castile to treat a peace with him vppon some good conditions The ambassadors found the Court at Toledo where hauing deliuered their charge vnto the king it pleased God that after many conferences and debates a peace was concluded vpon a promise of marriage betwixt D. Blanche Infanta of Nauarre and Don Henry of Castile Prince of the Asturia's with these conditions That the solemnization of this marriage should bee accomplished within the limite of a certaine time betwixt Henry heire of the Realmes of Castile and Donna Blanche eldest daughter to D. Iohn king of Nauarre Conditions of peace betwixt Castile Nauar and Arâ—agon to whom should be assigned the Marquisat of Villena the townes of Medina del campo Olmedo Coca Roa and Aranda the reuenues of which lands D. Iohn King of Nauarre should receiue the foure next following yeares That if there were no children borne of this marriage the king of Nauarre should haue ten thousand florins of gold of yearely rent assigned vpon the reuenues of Castile That to D. Blanche Queene of Nauarre and to her sonne D. Charles should in like manner be giuen an assignation of ten thousand florens of gold yearely during their liues That all knights should be pardoned which during the warres and fore-passed quarrels had followed either partie and they restored to their goods and dignities except on the part of Castile D. Iohn of Soto-major who had beene Master of Alcantara and the Earle of Castro Xeris and on the behalfe of Nauar D. Godfrey of Nauar Earle of Cortes Item that to the Infant D. Henry brother to the kings of Arragon and Nauar should be assigned 5000. florens of gold of yearely hereditarie rent and to the Infanta D. Catherina his wife should be giuen 50000. florens of gold in ready mony for her dowrie These articles beeing accorded a peace was proclaimed in the Realmes of Castile Arragon and Nauar and D. Pedro of Acugna son to Lopes Basques of Acugna Lord of Buendia was sent to Azagna with sufficient authority to make the first promise in the name of Prince Henry and it was concluded the sollemne betrothing should be at Alfaro whether came at the time assigned the Prince D. Henry accompanied by D. Aluaro de Luna constable of Castile and many other Noblemen Knights and Prelates who arriuing two dayes before the Infanta being aduertised that she was at Corella he went to meete her with all his traine The Queen of Nauarre mother to the Infanta Prince Charles her brother the Bishop of Pampelone with many other Prelates Peter of Peralta Lord Steward of the kings house Leon of Garro and other knights many Ladies and Gentlewomen of Nauarre attended her all in equipage worthy of such a solemnitie the which was celebrated in Alfaro in the yeare 1437. D. Pedro of Castile Bishop of Osma stipulating and receiuing the promises either of them being but 12. yeares old The Prince D. Henry gaue many goodly and rich Iewels to the Infanta and vsed the like bountie to the Ladies and Knights of her traine Then hauing spent foure dayes at Alfaro in great feasting and ioy the parties separated themselues euery one retiring into his country By this peace there was also restored vnto the king of Nauar the town castle of la Garde and the castles of Asaturuguen and Burandon and towards Guipuscoa there were yeelded the castles and places of Gorriti Cobono Toro Araciel and Saragana which the Guipuscoans had taken during the wars Moreouer the towne of Briones was yeelded to the king of Nauar touching the Seigneurie and the reuenue but the Soueraignty remayned to the king of Castile This peace was promised and sworne vpon a penalty of 300000. florens of gold payable by him that should breake it and it was confirmed by the chiefe officers of either realme both clergy and secular and by the deputies of the chiefe townes For Nauar there signed D. Martin of Peralta bishop of Pampelona the archb of Tyre the Queens confessor the Prior of S. Iohn the Deane of Tudele clergy-men D. Lewis of Beaumont Tristan Lord of Luçe Peter of Peralta Lord Steward Philip Marshall of Nauar Vicont of Ro with other knights moreouer the deputies of the cities of Pampelona Estella and Tudela and of the towns of Sanguesse Olite Arcos Biane S. Vincent and others For Castile besides the great officers of court there did sweare all the Noblemen of the fronter of Guipuscoa Rioja and others yea they of the families of Lazcano Berastequi and Amezqueta and these accords were written by Bartholomew of Renes Secretarie to D. Iohn King of Nauar and of Queen Blanche his wife and by Alphonso Peres of Biuera high Treasurer and Secretary to the king of Castile This ioy was crost according to the custom of humane things with great griefe in the court of Castile Imprisonment of D. Pedro Manrique the king hauing caused D. Pedro Manrique Gouernour of Leon to bee committed to prison where at euery man did shew himselfe discontented so as the king caused 2000. lances to come for his gard which remayned continually about the court He sent the prisoner to the castle of Fuente Duegna commanding that hee should haue the liberty of the prison that somtimes they should suffer him to go on hunting which liberty was procured by the Admirall of Castile who was discontented for his detention This yeare which was 1438. there were brought vnto the King stones 1438. which they said Stones fallen from heauen very light were fallen from heauen in great abondance at Maderuelo a house belonging to the Constable very light the which although they were reasonably big yet were they so light as they did not hurt any one they fell vpon a strange thing and which was held prodigious The Articles of the peace being brought into Italy were allowed and confirmed by King Don Alphonso in the presence of Doctor Ferdinand Lopes of Burgos one of the Kings Councell The warre of Granado was managed with variable successe Granado many Knights among the Moores disliking the gouernment of King Mahumet reuolted taking the party of Castile of the which one Aben Amar was Captaine who soone after went with his men to the King of Tunes with leaue from the King of Castile hauing receiued both pay and presents from him and moreouer 6000. pounds starling for the charge of their voyage Don â—nigo Lopes of Mendoça Gouernor of the Fronter Lord of Hyta and Buyttago who was afterwards
honors and riches who were issued from base and obscure families Thus King Henry at the age of one and thirty yeeres was proclaimed King at Valiodolite in the presence of D. Iohn of Pacheco Marques of Villena his most priuate and familliar friend and his brother D. Pedro Giron Maister of â—alatraua D. Ruy Diaz of Mendoza great Maister of the household to the late King D. Iohn D. Pedrod ' Aguilar Lord of Priego and of Cagnette the Marshal D. Diego Fernandes of Cordoua Lord of Baena and other Noblemen which were then at the Court. The beginning of his reigne was very plausible by reason that he did enlarge of his owne accord without being therevnto solicited by any one D. Garcia Alâ—ares of Toledo Earle of Alua and D. Diego Manriques Earle of Treuigno restoring them to all their former riches honours and dignities and hauing made a certaine speech to the Lords that were then about him they gaue him great and humble thankes reputing that demonstration of his clemency as an high fauour and so with al reuerence kissed his hands He displaced none of all those which were in any office or place of dignity during the life of his father but receiued them into his seruice in the selfe same quality that they were in before In regard whereof all men thought the Kingdome happy being fallne into the hands of so good so curteous and liberall a Prince and they did yeeld infinite thankes vnto God the only giuer of so desired and necessary a fauour for the Realmes of Castile and Leon. Diuers great Lords so soone as they heard of the death of King Iohn came in all hast to mourne with him for the same to do him reuerence and to take the oth of alleageance due to the new King The Ecclesiasticall persons were D. Alphonso Carillo d' Acugna Archbishop of Toledo D. Roderigo de Luna Archbishop of Saint Iames D. Alphonso Fonseca Archbishop of Seuil D. Alphonso de Carthagena Bishop of Burgos Frier Lopes de Barriento Bishop of Cuenca D. Alphonso de Madrigalls called Tostado the most renowned Bishop of Auila D. Pedro Baca Bishop of Leon D. Pedro of Castile Bishop of Palença D. Gonçall of Illesca Bishop of Cordoua D. Lewis d' Acugna Bishop of Segobia D. Inigo Manrique Bishop of Ouiedo with diuers other prelats The secular Lords were D. Fernand de Velasco Earle of Haro D. Alphonso Pimentell Earle of Benauent D. Gaston de la Cerde Earle of Medina Celi D. Diego Manrique Earle of Treuigno D. Iohn Manrique Earle of Castagneda D. Roderigo Manrique Earle of Paredes D. Gabriell Manrique Earle of Osorno D. Aluaro of Estuniga Earle of Plaisance whose father was newly dead much about the time of the Constables decease D. Pedro Aluares Osorio Earle of Transtamara D. Pedro d' Acugna Earle of Valencia an other D. Pedro d' Acugna Lord of Duegnas and Tariego brother to the Archbishop D. Alphonso Carillo D. Iohn de Sylua Standard-bearer to the King and many others who with the deputies of townes and Prouinces there assembled sware to the Kings fealty and homage after the accustomed manner Now the King being desirous to suppresse al fore-passed quarrels and to settle a firme peace in his dominions The King of Nauarre and other Lords pacified recompenced repealed by the new king D. Henry did at his comming to the crowne send Ambassadors to the King of Nauarre who greatly complained because of the confiscation of all his goods in Castile wherevpon it was concluded that in recompence of all the wrongs that hee could pretend he should haue certaine yeerely pensions assigned him out of the ordinary reuenue of the Kingdome of Castile in regard of which assignation he should deliuer vp into the King of Castiles hands the townes of Atiença La Pegna de Alcaçar it was likewise agreed vpon that the Admirall D. Frederic D. Iohn of Touar Lord of Berlanga the children of the Earle of Castro lately dead and all the Knights and others which were fled out of the Kingdome by reason of the late warres should be repealed and restored to all their goods and lands These things were soone effected and the Admirall with the rest returned to Valiodolit to kisse the Kings hands who receiued them very graciously and yet for all that did put them in minde of the faith and obedience due to Kings to the end they might the better remember it afterward and so with his free pardon dismissed them And besides all this the better to confirme his peace on all sides with Christian Princes he sent Ambassadors into Italy to Alphonso King of Arragon to the end to renue the leagues and antient alliances betwixt the crownes of Castile and Arragon who were receiued and entertained with great honour a notable argument whereof was that as the Ambassadors of Castile and the Commissioners of Arragon stood vpon termes who should be first named in the instruments and writings the King D. Alphonso decreed that the precedency should be giuen to Castile Castile presâ—râ— before Arragon in regard that he himselfe reigning ouer the Arragonois was a Prince issued from the stocke of Castile an antient race of the Kings of Gothes so that in all the writings which did concerne the league and alliance the King of Castile was first named the which his Ambassadors at their returne certified to him and his councell to their exceeding ioy and contentment But notwithstanding these good beginnings if the reigne of the late King Iohn was turbulent and troublesome and if euer Spaine was Spaine was seene to be shaken with furious tempests The gentleness of a Prince not accompanied with iustice seuerity is both hurtful to him selfe and his Estaâ—e it was now most of all by the miserable gouernment of his sonne King Henry whose clemency and carelesse gentlenesse was the onely cause thereof making him to forget the other part of the duty of a Prince which is Iustice by meanes whereof he fell into the contempt of the great ones of his Court and namely of his most priuate minions so that both hee and his Kingdome fell into very dangerous streights At the beginning he and his affaires were gouerned by D. Iohn de Pacheco Marquis of Villena a wise rich and discreet person and one well seene in the mannaging of state-affaires likewise by the Archbishop of Seuil D. Alphonso de Fonseca a prelate of an excellent wit but lesse graue then beseemed the place and ranke he held by whom for certaine yeeres space the Kingdome was well gouerned to the contentment of all men The first martiall enterprise attempted in the reigne of King Henry was against the Moores of Granado ouer whom reigned Ismael Moores and Castile the same who had taken the crowne from Mahumet the Lame for the execution whereof King Henry assembled the Estates of his kingdome in the city of Cuellar vnto whom hauing propounded what he ment to doe D. Iatgo Lopes de
thousand Florens The King Don Iohn hauing notice of this defeate came by sea with a great army alongst the coast of Ampurias blind as he was who no sooner set foote on land but miraculously he receiued his sight Hauing ioyned his forces with those of the Prince his son he marched couragiously against the French which were in the towne of Denjat who putting no great trust in the place nor yet to the inhabitants thereof they dislodged and withdrew themselues to Perpignan which by reason of engagement was at that time in the possession of king Lewis where the Duke of Calabria hauing left his army returned into France to make new leauies The King of Arragon lodged his armie round about Figuera and there wintered These things were done in Arragon at the same time that the battayle of Olmedo was fought betwixt King Henry of Castile and the Lords of the League aboue-mentioned The Duke of Calabria beeing afterward returned to Perpignan with a fresh supply of ten thousand men obtayned from King Lewis the eleuenth marched foorth with his forces to assayle the enemies King Iohn on the other side departed from Figuera and presented himselfe in order of battaile within two miles neere to the French but it is not knowne vpon what occasion he departed thence to beseege the towne of Peralta where hauing begunne a furious batterie and alreadie made a large and sufficient breach to assayle it the Duke of Calabria came suddenly and vnlooked for vppon him in the night not being heard nor perceyued by the Sentinels which slept Arragonois surprized by the French who cut in peeces the first court of guard that he mette with and entring furiously into the quarters and lodgings of the beseegers he did strike such a terrour amongst them as euery man leauing all that hee had behind him they all betooke themselues to flight in great disorder The King escaped bare-headed gallowping apace towards Figuera neuerthelesse there were some which put themselues in defence by whose valour the artillerie and munition was saued and the French-men beeing retired they held a forme of a seege vntill that the King with greater forces was returned to Peralta the which in the end he tooke The Authors do greatly prayse the valour of a certaine Knight of Guipuscoa named Don Iohn de Gamboa in this nightly skirmish who with his own hand slue three French-men at armes who hauing his horse slayne vnder him in the presse did yet notwithstanding saue himselfe hauing receyued eleuen wounds Lewis of Mudar a Castillan Knight is likewise remembred for his valor in this fight where Scipio Patella the Sicillian mentioned heretofore beeing a wise and valiant Knight was slayne fighting couragiously The French beeing victorious not caring for Peralta returned to the seege of Girona which without any difficulty they tooke After this Duke Iohn of Calabria beeing come to Barcelona to take order for the affaires of the warres was tormented with a burning pestilentiall feauer whereof hee dyed this yeare 1468. to the great griefe of those of Barcelona An. 1468. and extreame trouble of their affaires Now let vs returne to Castille Castile where the Princesse Izabella beeing discontented with the marriage which was treated of betwixt her and the King of Portugall sollicited hereunto by the Arch-bishoppe of Toledo shee came to speake with him at Yepes where by the perswasion of her master-Pantler named Don Guttiere de Cardegna he consented that shee should marry Don Fernand Prince of Girona the eldest sonne of Arragon and heire to the same Crowne who was by the King his father in fauour of that marriage entitled King of Sicill much about the time of the Duke of Calabria's death wherby the affaires of King Iohn beganne to prosper the better for the French hauing lost their head retired themselues to Perpignan by meanes whereof the armie of Arragon had leysure to scoure the coast of Ampurias the Castle of which towne with other places yeelded themselues so did Girona and Don Iohn Ferrier Bishoppe thereof with the Vicount of Cabrera Martorella and soone after Saint Felix Palamos and Vergues with diuers Lords and Prelates who demaunded and obtayned pardon for their rebellion Whilest King Iohn was in the same countrey Don Alphonso of Arragon his Bastard-sonne did greatly molest the Barcelonois forraging their tetritorie with a thousand horse and fiue thousand foot-men At this time the Estate of Nauarre was not very quiet Treaty of marriage betwixt Donna Izabel and Don Fernand for the factions of Grammont and Beaumont raigning in the countrey the Earle Gaston of Foix husband to Donna Leonora heire of the kingdome who did gouerne it perswaded himselfe that hee ought to enioy the kingly title with all other rights and preheminences of the same wherefore strengthening himselfe with the Beaumontois faction whilst his father-in-law King Iohn was busied in the wars of Cattelogne he possest himselfe of diuers strong places of Nauar and newly beseeged Tudele whereof K. Iohn being aduertised vpon the good hap of his affaires in Cattelogne he brought his army thither which was well exercised in the former wars to succor those which took his part but before he came thither Don Lewis seized vppon the Cittie of Pampelona the Inhabitants whereof were for the most part followers of those of Beaumont Diuers histories of small authoritie make mention that this Earle of Lerin made sharp warre not onely vppon the Nauarrois of the other Faction but also vppon the Arragonois running on euen to Iaca and Exea belonging to the Knights hauing for companion in his counsells and enterprises Charles of Artieda hee tooke from the Constable Don Pedro of Peralta the towne of Andosilla and from Don Inigo of Estuniga Earle of Nieua that of Mendauia then hee tooke Artaxona and Olito with many other places and did many other great exploits by reason that hee held the cittie of Pampelona disposing of it as if hee had beene Lord and master At the same time also there was mention made of a famous theefe called Sancho Rota Sancho Rotta a famous tâ—eef Death of Q. Ioane of Arragon whose retreate was in a mountaine neere to Tudele called las verdenas del Rey who with thirtie horse that hee kept ranne into the country of Arragon bringing from thence great store of pillage vsing all such well as hee tooke prisoners To suppresse the insolencies done as well by him as by the Earle of Lerin the people of Iaca and the Nobility thereabouts made shew of entring into Nauarre but the Earle of Lerin sent a great number of souldiers to meete with them conducted by Charles of Artieda Machin de Gongorra Lord of Ciordia Iohn d'Ayanc and Fernand d'Aranc who meeting with the Arragonois neere to Sanguessa at a certaine bridge vppon the riuer of Arragon they lighted from their horses thinking to fight with greater aduantage on foote and comming to handy-strokes they did hinder the Arragonois passage and
kill the Earle his father with whom he was offended the child being in no fault at all for he knew not what drugge it was wherefore at his death hee left behind him no lawfull children but diuers bastards as Iobbain who was one of those which were burnt at the Mummery of King Charles the sixt at the banquet of Saint Marceau and Gratian and possibly that Bernard of Foix who was maried into Spaine to Lady Isabel de la Cerde a Princesse of the blood royall of Castile the stem of the house of the Dukes of Medina Celi if he were not sonne to Gaston the second this mans predecessor Then the succession of the Earldome of Foix and Lordship of Bearne fel to Mathew of Castelbon aboue-named who had no children by his wife Ioane daughter to the King of Arragon wherefore his sister Isabell inherited his Lordships who was wife to Archambald de Grailtry Captau de Buch from which mariage issued Iohn the elder the sisteene Earle of Foix Gaston Capdau de Buch from whom descended the Lords of Capdolat and Candale Archambald Lord of Nouailles Peter a friar of Motlas since Bishop of Lescar in the end Cardinall and founder of the Colledge of Foix at Tholousa and Mathew Earle of Comminges Iohn the fifteenth Earle of Foix as hath beene said and first of that name had to his first wife Mary of Nauarre who dying without children he married Ioane de Albret of whom was borne Gaston his successor in the Earledome of Foix and Lordship of Bearne The house of Foix hath beene much ennobled by the deeds of this man for during the wars betwixt the French and the English in the daies of Charles the seuenth this Earle Gaston was he that made proofe of his valor against the English armies which held the Dutchy of Guyenne where he twice tooke Saint Seuer chiefe of Gascony and won Dax by force of armes with great slaughter of Englishmen who did valiantly defend those places he did succor Tartax beseeged seuen monthes by the goueâ—nor of Bourdeaux He restored his vncle Mathew into the Viscounty of Comminges being dispossest by the French King who had installed a Spaniard therein called Roderigo de Villandrada Earle of Ribadeo where he ouerthrew the castle of Rocheford he made means for the liberty of the Earl of Armagnac who was in prison for hauing intelligence with the English and caused his goods and lands to be restored to him Being afterwards made Gouernor of Guyenne by King Charles he made such cruell warre vpon the English as in short time he in a manner dispossest them of all there forces in the same Prouince so as Burdeaux the chiefe city and seat of the warre was constrained to yeeld to the French King in the yeere 1451. and soone after the city of Bayonne so as the English were wholy excluded out of all Guyenne Afterward when the city of Bourdeaux rebelled against the Earle of Clermont Iohn of Bourbon the English being recalled by them albeit they had possest themselues of diuers places were by the valor good conduct chiefly of the Earle Gaston beaten back and repulst Cadillac being the last place that hee tooke from them In all which warres hee was faithfully and dilligently accompanied and aided by his brother Peter de Foix Viscount of Lautier the original of the renouned house of Lautrec faither to Iohn de Lautrec Posthumus from whom did spring Odet de Foix he that was the famous captaine in the warres of Lombardy and Naples Andre de Asperaut and Thomas called L'Escut Henry de Lautrec was sonne to Odet Charles the seuenth did so greatly fauor the Earle Gaston de Foix as he gaue in marriage to his eldest sonne called Gaston like him his daughter Magdalen At the arrainement of the Duke of Alançon at Vandosme by King Lewis the eleuenth he supplied the place of the Earle of Thoiousa in the ranke of the Peers of France the which preeminence hath remained vpon such occasions in the house of Foix the Lordships whereof were by him encreased with the Vicounty of Narbona and with the lands of Capdolat other purchases and in the end with the crowne of Nauarre by his marriage with Donna Leonora of Arragon daughter to King Iohn of whom we now treat of this man issued the posterity which followes Gaston who should haue succeeded him who as we haue said died at Liborne at the tilting which was made at the comming of Charles Duke of Guyenne brother to King Lewis the eleuenth left heires behind him Francis Phoebus and Catherine his children then Iohn Lord of Narbone from whom issued Gaston Viscount of Narbone and since Duke of Nemours who won the battaâ—le of Rauenna where neuerthelesse he died Gencalogie of Nauarre and Germain second wife to Fernand King of Spaine of Gaston and Elenor were borne the third sonne named Peter who was Cardinall and the fourth Iames a valiant Knight who died in the seruice of King Lewis the eleuenth more fiue daughters Mary wife to William Marquis of Montferrat Ioane wife to the Earle of Armagnac Marquâ—ritâ— wife to Frances Duke of Brittaine mother to Queene Anne of France Catherine married to the Earle of Candale who had three children the eldest of whom was Earle of Candall men an Archbishop of Bourdeaux and a daughter called Anne married to the King of Hungary the fifth daughter of Gaston and Elenor was called Elenor who died vnmarried Now let vs returne to the controuersie betweene Gaston de Foix father to these and his father in law King Iohn Couenants betwixt King Iohn and D. Lâ—onora his daughter Hee following the good aduice of his friends and seruants and hauing acquainted the King with his intent by message the King and D. Leonors his daughter met at a day appointed at Olita Gaston being absent in France where they agreed vpon these Articles following First that the townes cities communalties of Nauarre nobility and others of what Estate and condition soeuer should without contradiction acknowledge and obey King Iohn as their King during his life That the Earle Gaston and the Princesse his wife should promise to maintaine the priuiledges lawes and liberties of the Kingdome as they had beene in times past That the three Estates should take the oth of alleageance and doe homage to the Princes the husband and wife and acknowledge them for their naturall King and Queene after the decease of king Iohn notwithstanding any other act to the contrary that the married couple should irreuocably be perpeturall gouernors of the Kingdome during the Kings life their gouernment onely to cease when the King in person should bee in the Realme That neither the King nor the married Princes should ingage the Kingdome in whole nor in part That the three Estates should endeauor that the King and the Princes should accomplish and keepe all that had beene concluded and oppose against them that should infring them The same promise should be made and
other honours belonging to a soueraigne Prince the which in the end bred his ruine After all these things the King being gon to visit the townes and fortresses vpon the frontiers of Galicia and countries neere adioyning D. Ramir Nugnes de Cuzman commeth into Portugal Don Ramir Nugnes de Guzman arriued in Portugall of whose quarrell to the Admirall of Castile and his sonne we haue amply spoken heretofore This Lord came to the Court at Saint Iren where hauing a time appointed him to come into the Kings presence as hee was going to masse in Saint Iames his Church he kneeled downe at the great doore with his traine and seruants the King presented him his hand to kisse with his gloue vpon it but Don Ramir thinking that the King did either contemne or scorne him and being a knight of an high and couragious spirit he did plucke the Kings gloue off and so kist his bare hand then the King said I could haue done that my selfe if it had pleased me but Don Ramir did not heare him in regard he was some-what deafe for this cause he was called euer after in Portugall El de la luba which is as much to say as He of the gloue Yet neuerthelesse the King vsed him very graciously and did assure him that he was in a place of safety and therefore willed him to be merry and not to feare any daunger at all Don Ramir gaue him many humble thankes and excused his boldnesse in plucking off his gloue beseeching him not to take it as done vnreuerently in regard it was the custome of Spaine to kisse the Kings bare hand Not long after done Ramir had some iealousie of the Marquis of Villareall a friend and kinsman to the Admirall of Castile King Iohn hauing notice thereof called the Marquis before him and told him that his pleasure was that Don Ramir should liue safe and secure in Portugall free from feare either of the King of Castile or any else and therefore if any euill did happen to him his life should answere it the Marquis answered that for him Don Ramir should liue in all safety and that he neither had not would procure him any displeasure But the Duke of Bragançaes death did displease diuers great Lords of the Kingdome of Portugall in regard whereof new conspiracies were made against the Kings life The chiefe of the conspirators were Don Garcia Meneses Bishop of Ebora and Don Fernand de Meneses his brother Don Lope de Albuquerque Earle of Pegnamaçor and Don Pedro de Albuquerque his brother Don Aluaro de Atayde and Don Pedro d'Atayde the father and sonne Don Guttiere Coâ—tino Commaunder of Cezimbra sonne to the Marshall and Fernand Selueyra who againe did draw Don Domingo the Duke of Viseo into their practises determining to make him King and they watched for a fit time and occasion to kill King Iohn who being at Setuball did discouer the treason by the relation of one called Diego Tinoco who knew it by the meanes of a sister of his who was concubine to the aboue named Bishop no lesse secret then chast and faithfull and this Tinoco came of purpose disguised in a Friers habit to disclose it to the King who in recompence of his good seruice gaue him fiue thousand Cruzados in ready money and sixe hundred thousand Marauedis of yeerely rent the which hee did not long enioy for soone after he died Within few daies after the King receiued the same aduertizement from Don Vasco Coutino vnto whom Don Guttiere his brother one of the confederats had reuealed it thinking that without any danger he might haue spoken it to him by reason that he was in disgrace with the King and ment to haue fled into Castile but he was therein deceiued for Don Vasco by this meanes made his owne peace was created Earle of Barba with hereditary right and beside the Castle of Estremos hee receiued many other aduancements The same day that the confederats should meete the Duke of Viseo at the Court the King hauing visited a Church neere to Setuball he went a boord of a little fisher-boot to see them take fish hauing with him onely foure of his faithfull seruants namely Fernand Martines Mazearenas captaine of the genets or light-horse Diego d'Almeida Don Iohn de Meneses and Don Ramir Nugnes de Guzman In the euening as he was returning to Setuball thirty of the confederates stood vpon the banke of the riuer with intent to haue executed their treason whereof the King being aduertized at his landing by a Groome of his Chamber named Anthony Faria who told him in his eare that it behooued him at that time to dissemble and to shew his Kingly courage expecting a fitter time and opportunity to punish them according to their deserts the King who could very well dissemble being leapt on horse-backe called the Duke of Viseo to him with a smiling and pleasing countenance and gaue him and the rest of the conspirators many gratious and louing words so as for that present they had not the hearts to proceed in their determinations in the meane time the King who was weakely accompanied went into a Church called Our Lady the Old wayting for his guardes arriuall and beganne to talke with them leaning his back against the wall the better to keepe his enemies from comming behinde him among whom was D. Vasco Coutino whom he called vnto him and made a shew to diuert him from going into Spaine the better thereby vnder collour of this talke to draw the whole conspiracy from him By these meanes it was Gods pleasure that the King should escape that daies daunger and returne in safety to his pallace Certaine daies after the King being more suffitiently aduertized of these Lords conspiracy against his person sent to commaund the Duke of Viseo who was then at Palmela with his mother the Infanta Beatrice to come to him to Setuball who forthwith did so not doubting any thing and he was no sooner arriued and come into King Iohns presence but hee was stabd to death with a poniard by the Kings owne hand The yong duke of Viseo slaine by King Iohns owne hand in the night in a Chamber in Don Nugno d'Acugnas house where the King then lay in the presence of Don Pedro Deça Diego d'Açambuya and Lopes Mendez with no other words but these You shall die and goe carry newes to the duke of Bragança in what state the treason stands which he beganne In this manner the Duke of Viseo died a young Prince of twenty yeeres old The Duke of Viseo seduced by Astrologians by following naughty counsell and giuing credit to the vaine predictions of Astrologers who had assured him that hee should bee King The Dutchesse his mother was by the King certified of what had happened who excused himselfe in regard that hee was constrained by necessity to commit so sodaine an execution and intreated her to beare it patiently and in some sort to comfort her the very
towne and exceeding well furnished with men and all things necessary for a towne of warre The Moore King who lay within it made a sally with a thousand horse which were the floure of his cauallery where they skirmished valiantly on both sides where D. Fernand D'Ayalos the eldest of that family was slaine And because the army wanted water the King went backe to Carthama where sitting in counsell what was best to bee done it was concluded to goe and beseege Ronde D. Pedro Henriques Marquis of Cales and captaine of the frontiers of Andaluzia with other captaines marched on before with three thousand horse and eight thousand foot to inuest the place and the King followed them at the heeles with the rest of the army The towne was strong and defended by very warlike Moores being beseeged and furiously battered the Christians in a few daies won the suburbes thereof where Alphonso Fayardo shewed great proofe of his worth and valor The battery continuing against the towne albeit the Moores which were sent to the succor thereof did their best to enter into it and did put the campe in continuall alarmes the Christians neuerthelesse did so presse them as the beseeged were faine to yeeld vpon condition that their goods and liues might be saued with liberty to liue in their owne sect in any place of Castile where they pleased Ronda taken and the Moores liues goods and religion granted vnto them The King entred into the towne of Ronda vpon Whitsunday D. Bernardin de Velasco sonne to the Constable hauing first seized vpon a tower of the castle and as soone as the Moore gouernor was gonne forth of it with his people to retire himselfe into the King of Castiles country to a place in the territory of Siuil the towne was repeopled with Christians drawne from the same city from Cordoua and other places of Andaluzia The Queene made prouision for the ornaments of the Churches and things necessary for their seruice and the gouernment of the towne was giuen to Antonio de Fonseca The Moores of that country hauing made themselues Mudejares Equity of the King and Queene of Castile that is to say vassals to Christians were at that time religiously maintained and preserued according to the capitulations and promises by meanes whereof diuers other townes did voluntarily yeeld themselues to the Kings namely Burga Iunquera Monda Ganâ—in Caseres Montija with other castles and â—ortresses of the mountaines of Ronda Villalonga and Carthema who were permitted to liue in their owne religion paying the same tribute which they were wont to giue to the Moore Kings The places which did yeeld were more then forty in number And because Caçaranouella did make delaies King Fernand caused the Inhabitants thereof to bee summoned to yeeld vpon paine of tasting of all the rigour of warre wherevpon they submitted vpon the same conditions as the rest had done and the garrison thereof was giuen to D. Sancho de Rojas Those likewise of Marbela a sea towne being sommoned to yeeld made answere that they were contented so to doe and they sent their gouernor or Alguazil Major to the King who desiring to bee present at the yeelding thereof brought thither his army by the way of Antequera fetching a long circuit but easie and commodious By the way he receiued letters from the Moores of Marbela who demaunded new capitulations the which were not answered till the army was in sight wherewith they being amazed deliuered vp the town and retired themselues some into Affrica and others into the Kingdome of Castile Montemajor and other places of the country of Marbela did likewise yeeld And because the army beganne to want victualls by reason that the tempests and stormes at sea did hinder the ships of burthen from sayling the King was aduised to make retreate to Cordoua so the army marched within sight of Malaga once againe from whence the Moores came forth and skirmished but to no purpose the seege whereof had not beene in vaine nor without effect if victuals had not wanted The army being returned neere to Antequera it was aboundantly refreshed with victuals sent thither by the Queene The King afterward entred into Cordoua with great ioy and applaud of the Queene Prince and Infantas of the Court the people Clergy and sundry Ambassadors there were sollemne processions made where the King in manner of a triumph caused great number of Christians to bee led in pompe and in a glorious shew which were redeemed from captiuity whose shackles and irons were afterward sent to Toledo and there hung vp against the wal of the Monastery of Saint Iohn of the kings which are to be seene at this day For the maintenance and preseruation of what had beene wonne and conquered Iohn de Torres a knight of the Kings house was sent vnto the frontiers with a Prouost or Alcayde of the Court named the Licenciate La Font who destributed the lands to the new Inhabitants Equity of the Kings of Castile for the ordinary garrisons were vp in the country of the Moores more then twenty leagues and because diuers Pirates had robbed sundry Moores as they passed out of Spaine into Affrike contrarie to the capitulations informations beeing made therevpon the Licenciat recouered all that had beene taken away who demaunding a safe-conduct for his passage ouer into Affrica to restore to euery one what was his owne the Moores made him answere that hee needed none other safe-conduct then the greatnesse and renoune of the Kings of Castile his Maisters wherevpon the Licenciate made himselfe ready to passe ouer yet diuers of his friends counselled him not to giue ouermuch credit to the light faith of the Moores wherevnto with great boldnesse and constancy hee replied that God forbid that the power and greatnesse of his Kings honor should be impaired or diminished thorow his feare a couragious speech of a most faithfull and affectionate subiect and seruant And so he passed ouer and restored the Moores their goods and promise was kept with him In the meane time the garrisons of Alhama hauing ouer-runne the country neere to Granado as they returned with great quantity of cattaile and other booties they met on a sodaine and vnlooked for the King of Granado who came from Malaga thither accompanied with great numbers of horse by whom they were charged and pursued vnto the very gates of Alhama with great losse of their people beside the spoiles which were recouered from them There remained yet some small feason of this yeere 1485. fit to make warre in the which the Kings would not haue vnproffitably spent without enterprizing some matter of worth therefore they caused the forces of Andaluzia Extremadura and the Marquisate of Villena to bee assembled for they had licenced the men of warre of the farthermost prouinces of Spaine to depart as soone as they returned to Cordoua whereafter diuers consultations they resolued at the perswasion of the Earle of Cabra to goe and beseege Moclin the
skill yet all this was to small purpose and without the assistance of Alphonso de Quintanilla hee was at the point to haue giuen ouer all Quintanilla hauing brought him to his house and well sounded him gaue him accesse to the Cardinall of Spaine and after that to diuerse of the Kings speciall fauourites by whose meanes hee was sundry times heard discourse in so much as his speech beganne to please and the Kings promised him ayde and employment for the discouerie of a new world so soone as the warres of Granado were ended In this manner Colombus full of hope and courage did constantly pursue for the space of sixe whole yeares the effects of the Kings promise till at last it was performed Qualities of Christopher Colombus Hee was a man firme and constant in what hee vndertooke strong and able in trauaile seuere and chollerick bigge of limbes and stature redde faced and full of pimples The Court lying at Salamanca the Kings caused the Court of Chancerie to remooue from Vailliodolit into their owne pallace there which was the Bishops house to the end they might be eye witnesses after what manner they ended suites and did administer iustice in regard many complaints were made of them And beeing aduertised that the Marshall Don Pero d' Ayala had caused a Scriueners head to be cut off Princesse core full of iustice who was one of his tenants for giuing his mother Donna Maria with whom hee was at strife a coppie of his fathers will they sent to take him prisoner and to seize vpon his goods When he was brought to Court the Constable who was allyed vnto him for hee had married a Neece of his daughter to the Earle of Miranda would haue departed saying that he would not be present at the iudgement of one so neere vnto him but the Queene assuring the Constable that the Marshall should not bee touched neither in life nor member stayed him there The controuersie betwixt the mother and the sonne was referred to the Kings Councell as also the difference betwixt the Duke of Medina Sidonia and the Earle of Alua de Lista about the Earledome of Niebla which the Earle said did belong vnto him in right of his mother which controuersie remaynes at this day vndecided The countrey of Biscay beeing at this time somewhat troubled in regard the Kings Officers did seeme to incroach vppon their priuiledges the Licenciate Garcy Lopes of Chincilla Bishops banishea from Biscay one of the Kings Councell was sent thither who did iustice and reformed many matters but he could neuer obtaine of the people that the Bishops should come into the countrey to visit the Churches who sayd that it was against their priuiledges In regard of the warre against the Moores great leauies of souldiers were made as well in Biscay Alaua Guipuscoa Asturia's as Gallicia who marched into Andalusia towards Cordoua The state of the Moores Moores which was the other day vnited became on a sudden diuided it beeing an impossible matter for two Soueraignes to commaund in one country King Muley Boabdellin el Zagal which possessed the cittie of Granado with a great part of the countrie began a fresh to poursue his Nephew Mahomet the Little putting all those Moores to death which tooke his part confiscating the goods of such as he could catch and he laboured by all meanes to procure King Mahomets death by poyson or otherwise who after the taking of Loxa had withdrawne himselfe into the towne of Velez the white To that place there came to him a very dangerous Ambassage from his vnde Muley fayning to treate of peace and concord with too great submissions the better to disguise his intent which was to kill Mahomet and the Ambassadours had expresse charge so to do who brought him some poysoned presents to the end that if they fayled in the execution of the one yet the other might take effect King Mahumet beeing aduertised by his friends of the Ambassadours intents would by no meanes heare or see them nor yet receiue their gifts but sent them word to tell his Vncle Muley Boabdellin that he was sufficiently warned of his proceedings and that he would accept of no other conditions from him but onely to throw him out of the royall throne of Granado which was his true inheritance and did in no sort belong vnto him who was a tyrant and a murtherer of the Princes of his bloud for the which he did hope shortly to chastise him and to cut off his head Now was King Mahomet ayded and assisted by the commandement of the kings of Castile by Iohn de Benauides Gouernour of Lorcia and by Don Frederick of Toledo Gouernor of the new-conquered countreys and other Christian Captaines who did often enter into the lands and territories of Granado and were sundrie times constrayned to beate backe the enemies and to defend their owne gouernements from their inuasions This assistance notwithstanding King Mahomet the Little was euill intreated by the contrarie partie Rosh enterprise of K. Mahumet the Little dispossessed almost of all and brought into despayre by which he was driuen to a marueilous hazard either to lose all or winne all for hee went secretly to Granado not hauing any intelligence there and arriuing in the night at the gate of the Albaycin he called to the guards by whom he was knowne and brought in hauing but foure or fiue men in his company there he assembled diuers of the inhabitants of the Albaycin and did so well lay open the tyrannies and wrongs which King Muley his Vncle had done to him and did so perswade them by forcible reasons to fauour his right to the Crowne of Granado as euery one beeing mooued with pitty towards him and rage against the tyrant Great sedition in Granado did take armes in his behalfe and raised a great tumult in the Citty crying out that Mahomet was lawfull King In the morning King Muley Boabdelin who lay in the Forte of Alhambra vnderstanding that his Nephew had seazed on the Albaycin caused his people to arme themselues and came forth into the Citty where hee likewise had many partakers where this cursed nation made such hauock and spoile one vpon an other as imagining the streetes not to bee spacious enough for their furie they went forth into the fields and fought a fierce combate wherein dyed multitudes of men and then returning euery one into his owne Forte they renewed the skirmishes and assaults a fresh but Mahomet the little perceiuing his party to be the weaker hee sent to Don Frederick de Toledo eldest sonne to the Duke of Alua who was Generall of the Christians in the next garrisons to entreate ayde and succour from him Don Frederick who was wise and discreet gathered together all the forces hee could and came neere to Granada but would by no meanes enter into it to meete whom King Mahomet sent a Moore Captaine named Aben-Comix with certaine troopes of horse hee himselfe
horse and foote and made a great skirmish where D. Phillip of Nauarre and Arragon dyed who was maister of Monteza nephew to the King and sonne to Prince Don Charles of Viana by vs oftentimes heretofore mentioned with other men of note the which caused the Christians to make their retreate who were insolently pursued in the Rere by the Moores who notwithstanding were afterward beaten back by the Captaine of the frontier of Murcia King Ferdinand leauing for that time Almerie and Baça two strong places marched towards Huescar which yeelded and Don Rodrigo Manrique was made Gouernor thereof Whilest the warre continued in these quarters Iniury done to one of the kings Receiuers of his money and punishment of the offenders the Captaine of Alua de Tormes and the gouernor of the Duke of Aluas lands did Bastonado one of the Kings Collectors of his rents which the King hauing notice of the Licentiate Lewis de Polanco Prouost of the Court was sent thither to doe Iustice therevpon who tooke the Captaine of Alua in his owne Castle and caused him to bee hanged in the same place where hee had done the deed As for the Gouernour of the Countrey hee was brought to the Chancery at Valiodolit and there condemned to haue his hand stricken off and to bee for euer banished out of the Kings dominions In the which place of Valiodolit the Court came and wintered Moneys there was an Edict made concerning the moneys that the siluer coyne should bee thence-forth made of the same sterling as that of Paris It was enacted not long before in Portugall to coyne certaine kindes of gold of two and twenty Carates Portugal of the golden mine of Guiney and likewise certaine siluer money called Twenties of the worth of twenty Res which were equiualent to the Marauedis of Castile for thirty six Res were at that time worth a Real as thirty sixe Marauedis in Castile and Nauar The affaires of which kingdome since the execution of the Lords made by King Iohn were quiet and peaceable for euery one seeing that hee had not spared his owne bloud kept himselfe still and this King was not onely reuerenced in Portugall but likewise in Affricke where hee possessed much land in so much as the Moores of Azamor who had beene in times past vnder the subiection of Portugall and were now reuolted did againe this yeare submit themselues vnto it about which time he built the Fountaine at Setuball And hauing no businesses to hinder him hee went about to pursue new enterprises no lesse profitable for mankinde than honorable to the house of Portugall Hauing had the opinion and aduise of diuerse great personages skilfull in Cosmographie and all other Mathematicall sciences and especially good Marriners hee sent away Bartholmew Dias with a certaine religious Frier named Anthony inioyning them to coast the shoares of Affrick of the Ocean sea Nauigaâ—ions of the Portugals into the Ocean sea pursued by the commandement of King Iohn till they could bee able to relate vnto him how farre that land stretched and how the voyage which hee conceiued in his owne vnderstanding might bee made by the South into the East to the countreys and Islands where the spices growe Bartholomew Dias and the Fryer arriued at the Cape of Bonasperanza or good hope which is the farthest stretched out point of Affricke beyond the Equinoctiall winter Tropick Cape de bona Speranza and doubling againe the East Riuer of the Infant they came to the mouth of the Iland termed by them of the Infant which is a hundred and fifty leagues farther then the Cape of good hope There Fryer Anthonie with the consent of Bartholmew Dias landed and trauailed with such turnings vp and downe this vnknowne world Friev Anthonies long and dangerous iourney as hee brought himselfe with great labour and danger as it is credible into Palestine to the Citty of Ierusalem taking a carefull note of all things Bartholmew Dias returned by sea into Portugall the same way hee came and informed the King of all that hee had seene or knowne of the shoares and sea coasts as Fryer Anthony did the like of his land voyage beeing returned a good while after the which encreased King Iohns desire to execute his praise-worthy enterprise esteeming and not without reason that by the knowledge and practise of that Nauigation great profit might redound to his kingdome Now the better to vnderstand the costs and charges of this trafficke for Spices brought from the Islands of the Moluccoes and to bee able to reckon what the commoditie thereof might come to following the passage of the Ocean sea hee sent Pedro de Couanilla and Alphonso de Payua into the East King Iohns dilligence to learne the voyage to the East by the Ocean sea and the Island of Moluccoes who were wise and discreete persons and very skilfull in the Arabian tongue to bring him word of the traffick of these countries Hauing then furnished them with money credit and other necessaries for so long a voyage they went to Naples and from thence by Rhodes to Ierusalem from whence they passed by Alexandria to Caire then they went to Aden to Ormuz and at last came to Calicut and other places of the Indies carrying with them for their conduct a Carde or Compasse made by the licenciate Calsadilla Bishop of Viseo the Doctor Rodrigue Pero d' Alcaçaba and Moyses a Iew who had drawne it after the description of Martin of Boheme the great Mathematician taking information of all the parts of Ethiopia Arabia Persia and of the Indies where there is any trafficke faires or assemblies of people Alphonso Payua died in this voyage Pedro de Couanilla was deteined by Prester Iohn Emperour of Ethiopia so as the King could haue no relation from any of them concerning their voyage yet Couanilla found meanes to write a discourse of what hee had learned and sent it afterward to the King by one Rabi Abraham and Ioseph de Lamego who hauing beene already in Persia were sent backe againe by King Iohn to heere some newes of the said Pedro de Couanilla This discourse did whet on the Kings desire to effect this voyage for the which purpose he did arme certaine Carauels this yeere 1488. at the same time the marriage of his sonne Prince Alphonso and the Infanta Isabella eldest daughter to the King of Castile whereof mention was made in the treaty of peace betwixt Spaine and Portugall was wholy agreed vpon albeit the Prince was then but thirteene yeeres of age For the charges of which marriage the Estates of the Kingdome gaue to King Iohn the sum of a hundred thousand golden crusadoes at which time the King being desirous to aduance to wealth and honor D. Pedro de Meneses Earle of Villareal and Lord of Almeyda beeing at Beja he created him Marquis of Villareal and Earle of Oren. There came now into Castile a great Ambassage from Maximillian of Austria
of the Moores contrary to the promises and capitulations made vnto those which yeelded during the warres whereof great troubles ensued The Archbishop Ximenes was at Granado to assist frier Hernand of Talauera a little before made Archbishop of Granado who laboured to procure that conuersion to bee voluntary Moores Mudeiares enforced to chaâ—g their religion without vsing constraint But hee of Toledo imagining that the other had proceeded ouer gently did beginne to presse the Moores that were inhabitants of the Albayzin after his owne humor giuing hard speeches to such as would dispute of religion with the Monkes and Curats who thought to conuert them and then comming to deeds he laid hands vpon a chiefe Moore of the familie of Zigri who was descended from the Kings of Granado and kept him so long in prison as to recouer his liberty hee said that hee was contented to beleeue in Iesus Christ and that hee had had a vision which did assure him that it was the right way of saluation Hee sent after that one of his household seruants named Sazedo with a Prouost that was very ill beloued to apprehend a woman dwelling in the same Albayzin but both of them were there slaine Diuers Moores being gathered together at the womans cries who after the deed ranne to the Archbishop of Toledos lodging to haue done as much to him but he and his people did valiantly defend themselues vntill the Earle of Tendilla the Gouernor came and freed him from them the which Earle with the Archbishop of Toledo delt in such sort as the mutinous people were appeased and their Alguasils were heard who protested that they did not rise against the King but onely to hinder the breaking of the Articles agreed vpon which were not bee enforced to change their religion This was the first attempt of the Moores conuersion with no small daunger and tumult which lasted tenne daies The King hauing notice of what was done was highly mooued against the Archbishop of Toledo but hee contented him with reasons wherewith hee was not vnfurnished and caused him to allow and approoue to haue them conuerted by force for at the report of what the Moores of Albayzin had done those of the mountaines and of the country called Alpuxarres did fall into a mutiny to chastice whom they were constrained to proceed by armes the yeere following 1500. In the same yeere Pope Alexander the sixth celebrated the tenth Iubiley at Rome whether people of sundry Nations went in great numbers and they beganne to conuert the Moores of Granado this yeere where diuers of them did mutiny neuerthelesse more then fifty thousand of that sect receiued the water of Baptisme and their Mosquees were blessed and consecrated to ceremonies and vses accustomed amongst the Christians of that age those amongst them who would not change their religion at the Kings command were constrained to doe it by force of armes and because the townes of Huescar Lanjaron and Andarrax in the country of Alpuxarras did make the greatest resistance the inhabitants being enforced were made slaues Birth of Charls of Austria who was King of Spaine and Emperor And the same yeere was borne in the city of Gaunt vnto Philip of Austria and Donna Ioane of Castile vpon Saint Mathias day a sonne named Charles who was heire to all the Kingdomes of King Fernand and Queene Isabella his grand-father and grand mother and Emperour of Almaine the fifth of that name a great and an excellent Prince It is reported that when the newes of his birth was brought to Queene Isabella his grand-mother she in a propheticall spirit of his future vniuersal succession in the great dominions of Spaine spake these words taken out of the Acts of the Apostles The lot is fallne vpon Mathias Saint Mathâ—â—s day lucky to Emperor Charles noting thereby that Don Michel of Portugal then liuing should not inherite but that it should bee hee who was borne vpon Saint Mathias day the which in deed fell out to be happy for the Emperour Charles it is the foure and twentith day of February King Fernand beeing returned from the Catholike warre of the country of Alpuxarres in the Kingdome of Granado vnto Siuill Nauarre hee was visited by Iohn d' Albret King of Nauarre whom hee welcomed with great honour and curtesie King Iohn of Nauar his â—ourney into Castile for the space of seuenteene daies that hee remained there Diuers businesses mooued this Prince to come into Castile but there were two of greatest importance for hee imagined to get againe the townes of La Garde Arcos Saint Vincent and Bermedo the castles of Toro and Herera and other places of La Sosierra which the King of Castile possessed of the antient patrimony of Nauarre hee did moreouer in the right of the late Queene Blanch of Nauarre first wife to King Iohn of Arragon and great grand-mother to Queene Catherine then reigning and by grant made in the contract of her marriage demaund the Infantasgo of Castile the Duchy of Pegnafiel and Lordship of Lara with many other lands and therewith all the sonne of 420112. florins sixe shillings eight pence of the coine of Arragon for which matters King Iohn d' Albret and Queene Catherine of Nauarre being at Pau had not long since sent two Franciscan friers in Ambassage to the Kings of Castile who were men of vnderstanding namely frier Iohn de Vadre Warden of Corella and frier Iohn de Ro warden of Tafalla with ample instructions to obtaine them but they brought away nothing but pleasing words and dilatory excuses Besides this businesse the suspition which they had of the Earle of Lerin did greatly trouble them who was newly come into Castile and was much honoured and aduanced there and it was reported to them that King Fernand had often times solicited him to make ouer vnto him all the lands goods rights and actions which he had in the Realme of Nauarre promising him treble recompence for them in Castile the which the Earle had neuerthelesse refused either for the naturall loue which he did beare to his country or else that hee did better esteeme the place which hee held almost as King of Nauarre then to bee in Castile where diuers others tooke place before him as it was fit These two chiefe occasions caused the King and Queene of Nauarre to depart from Pau whether they were goone as soone as they had newes of King Charles the eight his death and to returne into Nauarre where the Queene remained gouernesse assisted by frier Pedro Eraso Abbot of the Monastery of Oliua King Iohn d' Albret went to Siuill to bee resolued by King Fernand concerning these businesses to preuent the inconueniences which he feared and to renue the peace friendship and alliance betwixt those two Kingdomes Hee was highly honoured as hath beene said by the Kings of Castile and lodged with them in the fort of that magnificent city and the more to gratifie and reuerence him
the Constable the Earle of Lerin was forbidden to come into the castle It is reported that King Fernand King Fernand desirous to get the Kingdome of Nauarre caused the King of Nauarre to bee sounded whether he thought well of the exchange which hee desired to make with the Earle of Lerin of the lands which he possessed in his Kingdome for other recompence in Castile and that hee would giue King Iohn d' Albret a good summe of money A man should neuer exchang lands for money if hee would consent that those lands should remaine to Castile who notwithstanding the euill will that he did beare to the Earle of Lerin vttered his opinion concerning it which was that a man should neuer exchange lands and reuenues for money King Iohn d' Albret got no other matter by this iourney but good cheere and diuers presents of rich plate hangings horse iewels and other such like things wherefore hee returned into his Realme of Nauarre leauing the matters hee went for vn-effected The Earle of Lerin Constable of Nauarre beeing at that meeting reconciled to him did follow him and staied in Nauarre certaine monthes in good quiet We haue made mention how that Cardinall Caesar Borgia sonne to Pope Alexander had the Bishoprike of Pampelona in nature of perpetuall administrator thereof hee resigned the same to the Cardinall of Saint Praxede Caesar Borgia made Duke Valentinois he laide aside likewise his Cardinals hat and followed the warres wherevnto he was more inclined then to Church matters and was made by his father Duke of the country called in old time Flaminia and Gonfaloner and captaine Generall of the Church this was the Duke Valentinois In these daies beganne the warre which in processe of time did subiect the state of Milan vnder the dominion of the Kings of Castile King Lewis the twelfth Castile of the house of Orleance pretending that the right of that Duchy belonged vnto him as the proper inheritance of the Duchesse Valentine his grand-mother lawfull daughter to Duke Iohn Galeas Viscont and heire to her two brother Iohn Maria and Philip successiue Dukes on after an other VVars of the French against Lewis Sforza who died without children hee gaue ouer all thought of the conquest of Naples the right of the house of Aniou and turned his forces against the Duke then raigning Lewis Sforza vsurper of that state whereat not onely the Potentates of Italy hating the French dominion were discontented but they drew the Spanish forces to the defense of Prince Sforza wherein chiefely King Frederike of Naples imployed himselfe soliciting King Fernand and Queene Isabella by continuall messengers and letters to oppose themselues by all meanes against the greatnesse of the French in Italy who if they should obtaine the Duchy of Milan hee did assure them that they would passe on to Naples and after that into Sicile which was their antient right Therefore it was concluded in the counsell of Castile to send backe Don Gonçal Hernandes the great captaine who tooke shipping at Malaga the eight of Iuly this yeere 1500. and led into Italy eight thousand foot and twelue hundred horse where beeing arriued to auoide idlenesse hee went ouer with his army into the Isle of Zante in old time Zacinthium in the Illiri an sea to the end to aide the Venetians oppressed by the Turkes army which had taken from them Modon Coron Crisse and Pila in Morea and the Island of Cephalonia in which the Spanish army ioyned to the Venetian commanded by Benedetto Pezaro did land and there behaued themselues so valiantly as they brought againe that Island vnder the Venetians power the army of the Turke Bajazet then reigning being gonne to Constantinople The Venetians in acknowledgement of which seruice did honour the great captaine with the title and priuiledge of a Gentleman of their commonwealth a thing rarely granted by them vnto strangers who brought backe his army victorious to Messina wayting for an occasion to employ it to the preiudice of the French During these stirres the Court being at Granado there died the Prince Don Michel heire to these Kingdomes Portugal to the great griefe of the Kings of Castile his grand-father and grand-mother and of King Manuell his father hauing not exceeded the age of two yeeres who lies buried in the chappell of the Kings since then builded in the same City By his deceaâ—e the Infanta Donna Ioane wife to the Archduke Philip had right to the succession of these great Estates and so consequently the lotte fell vpon her sonne Charles borne on Saint Mathias daie D. Ioane wife to the Archduke Philip presumptiue heire of Castile and Arragon as Queene Isabella had fore-told the Archduke and Donna Ioane his wife beeing called vpon that occasion prepared themselues for their iourney into Spaine The same yeere died Don Inigo Lopes de Mendoza second Duke of Infantasgo who was buried in the Conuent of Saint Francis at Guadalajara King Manuel being a widdower and without children contracted marriage with the other sister of his deceased Queene named Donna Marie third daughter to the King and Queene of Castile by whom he had many children as hath beene heretofore declared The new Queene of Portugal departed from Granado in the monthes of September this yeere 1500. and was conducted to the King her husband by D. Diego Hurtado de Mendoza Archbishop of Siuill and Patriarke of Alexandria who was afterward Cardinall with diuers other Lords and Knights The conuersion of the Moores of the Kingdome of Granado Castile begunne by King Fernand and Queene Isabel was so greatly by them desired as they would not depart out of that country till they had brought it to such passe as they intended The Moores persecuted in Spaine to cause them to turne to Christian religion the Moores on the other side not being instructed and seeing diuers contempts of religion and infinite euill examples amongst the Prelats and in all the Ecclesiasticall Hierarchy of the Christians they thought it a strang matter to be enforced to change their religion the which they thought to be holy and that they should so perfidiously breake the agreements and promises vpon which they had yeelded themselues to the Kings of Castile wherefore they made all the resistance possible Neuerthelesse the inhabitants of Las Alpuxarras those of the cities of Almerie Guadix and Baça did in some sort fashion themselues to the Kings religion but those of Benefique Nixar and Guijar ranne to armes and resolued rather to die then to bee so euill intreated wherefore they were constrained to send an army thither Cruel execution of the Moores at Benifique Nixar c. by which those townes were taken by force and cruell slaughter made of the inhabitants namely after the fury of the fight the Kings caused all the male children which were of age to beare armes to be executed by law and as for the women they were all sold for slaues
Spanniards surprised in theire lodging The armie of Spain after the taking of Citadelle diuided it selfe into diuers lodgings the viceroy to Verona the Marques of Pescara to Lendenara with 3000 Spaniards there came about â—00 men at armes to Rouigo of which D. Garcia Manrique was captain who suffered themselues to be surprized by Aluiano who led both him and all his company away prisoners some write they were 300 horse 1000 Spanish foot On the other side Renzo de Cerâ— being freed from the siege of Creme which hee had defended valiantly being fortified with men hee surprised Bergamo by intelligence of the inhabitants but soon after the viceroy recouered it againe hauing ioined his Spaniards with the forces of Milan led by Siluio Sauello Renzo who was within it yeelding it vpon honorable conditions The Bergamasques were punished for their rebellion by the purse redeeming the sack of the town other punishments prepared for them for great sums of money the which did much displease the Spaniards who were in hope that the spoile of this town should haue been giuen to them Winter approaching the armies were lodged and for that it was bruted that the Fench king prepared a great power to passe into Italy in the spring D. Raymond of Cardone the viceroy who had his Spanish army much diminished went to the emperor to Inspruch to take councel touching the affairs of the future warre At Rome the embassadors for the emperor King Ferdinand and French king vsed their art and skil to win the Popes fauor for their masters but he being cunning politike and enemy to them all discouered not his conceits but entertained them with vaine hopes 10 About the end of this yere before that k. Ferdinand had any intelligence of the successe of Vasco Nugnes of Balboa Pedro Arias of Auila made viceroie of the firme land at the Indies it was resolued in councel to send to the Antique of Darien into the region of Castille del or a knight for gouernor whose name was Pedro Arias of Auila born at Segobia which charge was demanded by many Arbolancha whome Vasco Nugnes had sent into Spain being not yet ariued for otherwise without doubt that charge had bin giuen him in recompence of his labors great seruice which he had done vnto the king in the discouery of so rich countries yet he was made gouernor of the coast towards the South sea but D. Iohn Rodrigo of Fonseca bishop of Burgos who had the superintendeÌ„cy of the affaires of the Indies did much fauor Pedro Arias protracted the time to make the dispatch of his prouision yet the sentence giuen against him at the suit of the bacheler Enciso was cancelled and made voide Pedro Arias then hauing imbarked at Saint Lucar of Barrameda Iohn Cabedo first Bishop of the Antique of Darien with one thousand fiue hundred men in 17 vessels the 14 of May hauing in his company frier Iohn Cabedo first bishop of the Antique of Darien first Prelat of the firme land at the Indies and for pilot Iohn Vespucio Florentin he sailed in 38 daies to the Antique where he was receiued with great ioy Vasco Nugues of Balboa lodged him in his own lodging with al the honor he could deuise was informed by him of the whole estate of that country of the discouery which he had made of Castille delor for so he had named it by reason of the great riches thereof and of the South Sea and of pearles wherewith Pedro Arias de Auila was verie much pleased finding that there was worke done and that there remained nothing but to people and husband it He made the Licenciat Gaspar of Espinose borne at Medina del Campo Alcayde maior or president of his Iustice and according to his charge he beganne to diuide the prouinces to his people sending Francis Bezerra with 550 Spaniards towards the Riuer of Dabayba who indured great miseries there and returned with notable losse Iohn of Ayora with foure hundred men was directed into the countrie of the Cachico D. Charles Panquiaco a most faithfull friend to the Spaniards who notwithstanding was so ingratefully intreated by them 1514 and the Indians his subiects so cruelly and couetously vext as they were forced to take armes and to chase away Ayora who returned flying from whence he parted Captain 〈◊〉 being sent towards Caribana and Barthelmew Hurtado to Acla they had no better successe not others in other places so as Vasco Nugnes was not so fortunate but Pedro Arias and his company were as vnfortunate in all their enterprises King Ferdinand toward the end of this yeare 1514 did so decay in his health as there were apparent signes of a dropsie in him One of the captaines which Pedro Arias de Auila called Gonsalo of Badajos had sent to people in the maine land tooke his course towards Nombre de Dios in the beginning of the yeare 1515 1515 where hee found Indians that were strange and vntractable so as hauing increased his troupe being about 80 Spaniards by the arriuall of Lewis of Mercado who brought 50 more they went in company towards the south Sea and being come to a place called Coyba they sackt it for that the lord of the country called Yuana flying the acquaintaÌ„ce of these bearded men had retired himselfe into the woods then they made prey of many things and especially of slaues Passing on by a riuers side on the 5 day they met with two Indians laden with bread which a blind Cachico sent vnto them who brought them to the place where this Cachico dwelt with whom they made good cheare receiued presents of gold with information of those countries which they sought and guides to conduct them Continuing on their course they came wher there raigned a lord called Taracura who also gaue theÌ„ a good quantity of gold but yet they did not forbeare to fier a borough belonging to a brother of his for that he was not to be found at their arriual then passing by the countries of the Cachicos Cheru and Nathan they receiued so much gold other things as the treasure which they got in that voyage amounted to aboue 80000 ducats at the least 400 slaues But as prosperity makes people careles ouerweening being come into the countrie of a mighty lord called Pariza Spaniards defeated and slain by the Indians holding no order nor discipline thinking they should find friendlie reception in all places they were suddenly charged by a great number of Indians who slue 80 of his Spaniards put the rest to flight and got their gold and slaues with all the booty which they had made in this voyage The same yere Gaspar of Morales being sent by the same gouernour with 150 Spaniards towards S. Michaels gulph he past with the help of the Cachicos Chiape Tumaco into the islaÌ„d of Tarareque leading 70 men only with him being drawne on by the fame of
haue store of victualls brought from the ships vnto the campe but they that were interessed seemed to haue small care of the publike good There were two thousand foot Italians Spaniards and Dutch appointed for the gard of this fort with fifty horse vnder the Colonel Michel of Baraona There was order giuen to haue the Xec take the oth who should aduance the armes of Spaine And then hee resolued to part with the army in the beginning of May but hee was staied vpon some controuersie growne betwixt the Christians and the Moores vpon a light occasion but it was wisely pacified and some that had most offended punished The fame of the army increasing and the solemnitie performed the fifth of May a mile from the campe in the presence of Monreal the Generals Secretary and some of his gentlemen Xec swears â—bedience and tribute to the King of Spaine the Xec did sweare vpon the Alcaron to bee faithfull to the king of Spaine to pay euery yeere sixe thousand crownes foure Estriges foure Lancrets foure Falcons and one Camell and in like manner the Moores that were with him did sweare vassalage and fealtie vnto him Then order was giuen to imbarke the army wherein they were verie slacke and negligent vntill that there came a message from the Great Master to the Generall assuring him that the Turkes gallies being foure score and fiue had parted from Gozo on the eight day of that month at night with an intent as hee did coniecture to releeue Tripoly and then to seeke out the Christians army hearing that it was vnfurnished of souldiars and out of order Then euery man desired to bee at sea so as the confusion was great and their opinion diuers but most concurred to go presently to sea The Generall went to Iohn Andrew Doria being not well recouered of a great Infirmitie to resolue of all things leauing a charge with Alnaro to haue his men readie so as returning at night he might not stay Doria being resolued to put to sea and hauing giuen order to the ships to follow him he left a gallie called the Contesse for the duke to imbarke in being light and well furnished with slaues that all things being ordered hee might goe and joyne with the armie The Generall would not omit any duetie that night being before the twelfth day but hauing giuen good instructions to the gouernour of the fort he spake with great efficacie to the souldiers which remained assuring them That the armie at sea being in that accident in greater daunger than the fort it was fit he should be where the perill was most apparent entertaining them after this manner vntill the day began to breake when as he with Sandy came vnto the fregate which should carrie them to the gallie that was gouerned by the Commaunder Guimarano But hee made a signe vnto him with his hand that hee should retire to land for that the Turkes armie began to appeare with an intent to charge the Christians After Dorias resolutions to get out of those shelues there arose a contrarie wind which did hinder him so as the Turkes Generall hauing cast anker but sixteene miles from Gerbe the night before hauing sent Cara Mustafa gouernour of Mitelen and Vluccialy to discouer he vnderstood in what confusion the Christians were being readie to depart hee then resolued to set vpon them at the breake of day with which resolution hee came on with a prosperous wind when as Scipion going forth with a squadron of gallies for the gard hee was so suddenly surprised by the Turkes as hee had no time to aduertise the armie so as euerie man being amazed by this sudden accident they had no other care but how to flie but it was done with that confusion which a sudden feare of an ineuitable daunger doth vsually bring Iohn Andrew Doria distrusting his Admirall gallie for that it was old and heauie hee resolued to draw neere to land being forced to recouer the fort in a barke Armie of Christians miserably lost at Gerbe being a mile off the gallie was presently abandoned and left in the slaues hands who being at libertie carried it to the enemie It was a miserable spectacle to see that mightie armie scattered in an instant some one way some another There were seuen gallies which sought to saue themselues in the chanell of Gerbe where most of the men leaping into the water although they were farre from land sought to saue their liues by swimming so as all the shore was full of men The Marshall Sandy ranne thither with a great troupe of shot and pikes to defend them that came to land for that the Moores being treacherous and inconstant had presently changed their minds and slue and spoyled as many as came vnto their hands The Generall to auoyd this other mischiefe sent word vnto the Xec by the king of Caruano and the Infant of Tunis That hee should forbid his Moores to annoy the Christians putting him in mind of his faith formerly giuen But they prepared to flie also fearing the Turkes pretending that they went to gather together some Arabians Mahamidy with the which they would returne and fauour the Christians wishing them not to trust the Moores of the island who were not well affected to them That morning there were nineteene gallies fell into the enemies hands with the Admirall the rest saued themselues in diuers places by flight the which was attributed to the courage and good counsell of the Commaunder Anthonie Maldonato The great Master had called home his gallies to Malta as hath beene sayed to prouide for the daungers of that island but afterwards hee sent backe three vnder the commaund of Maldonato who in this confusion going to sea was followed by many gallies relying vpon the skill of this knight the which succeeded happily The duke and Sandy stayed vpon the shore to defend those poore wretches which came from the gallies from the Moores giuing them clothes and armes which were prepared for them that should defend the fort The same day they held a Councell vnder a tent where were the Generals Iohn Andrew Doria D. Aluaro de Sandy and the Commaunder Guimerano Doria said That it was necessarie for them to depart speedily whilest that the enemie was busie in giuing chase to the gallies which he meant to doe in a fregate carrying them to Malta or into Sicile to gather together the dispersed gallies and to arme others to make head against the Turkes armie if hee should seeke to annoy any place of the kings Sandy did counsell the duke to goe to attend his chiefe charge of Sicile the which was now in great daunger and if he did it not he should faile much of his duetie but for his part he would remaine in Gerbe being thereunto bound both by the duetie of his charge and the seruice he ought vnto his king seeing there remained aboue three thousand besides the appointed garrison some of which escaped from the gallies
grow verie smal he sent often to Messina where they made slow preparatioÌ„ to relieue theÌ„ to acquaint D. Garcia with their estate in what daÌ„ger they were to lose S. Herme afterwards the whole IlaÌ„d beseeching him to make hast but he neither ansuered his request nor the necessity which prest theÌ„ for D. Garcia besides that he was tedious graue after the maner of Spain he esteemd himself too weak to make any attempt that might auaile the besieged saying that he must gather forces together consisting of many peeces according to the time will of theÌ„ that did coÌ„tribute the which was true wherfore the Turk hath a great aduantage ouer vs hahauing alwaies a great nuÌ„ber of vessels armed beloÌ„ging to himself hauing no need to beg or borrow them of any other as we do with great charge losse of time the which is verie preiudiciall in warre whereas the Turke hath the assignatâ—ons of his treasure certaine which may not be diuerted and in this war of Malta he had an extraordinarie aduantage Rosa Sultana his best beloued being dead a little before she had left a great masâ—e of â—seasure to be especially imploied in war against the Christians for to helpe her soule D. Garcia besides his naturall slownes was growne into a conceit that it was good to suffer the Turke to waste consume themselues in the Iland of Malta about those places which he held to be strong and well furnished and that hee should come time enough to assaile them when they were weakened with hunger which did alreadie presse them and with other discoÌ„modities which follow long sieges This was to make war by discourse but in the mean time he held his arms a crosse which is against the rules With much pressing importunitie he did hazard some gallies to put certain knights and souldiers which came late into the borogh of Malta the which attempting often some entred and others were many times forced to return from wheÌ„ce they came He also sent to sea to cut off the victuals that went to the Turks army The two commanders were not very sory for Draguts death whom they hated deadly wherefore to haue the honor to haue taken the fort of S. Herme without him they doubled their battery with 32 Canons with the which they so ruined the fort as the defendants lay open then presently they gaue a generall assault both by land and Sea the which was so cruell and bloudie as they were forced to yeeld Thus the fort of S. Herme was won by the Turkes S. Herme taken by the Turkes the which had cost the liues of 10000 of their men 20000 canon shot in diuers batteries and assaults All that were found liuing in it were put to the sword among others 30 valiaÌ„t knights who had bin reserued by the Ianisaries to draw a ransom from them but others comming in murthered them cruelly they found 24 canons culuerins within the place with some remainder of munition which they imployed against the other fortâ— This losse was greeuous to the great Master to al those that were with him their number being much decreased for they had lost aboue 1500 of their best men among them many knights Wherefore the rest being grown mercilesse hearing what cruelties the Turkes had shewed to them of S. Herme they resolued not to take any more to mercy so it was ordained by the great master who had resolued to dy with al his company but to sel their liues dearly vnto the enemy dispairing in a maner of all succours from Italie But these desperate men were somewhat reuiued by the vnexpected coÌ„ming of Hen. Parisot the great masters nephew who broght him about 500 good soldiers with some knights they had bin 14 daies at sea before they could find an oportunity to recouer the Iland the which they did in the end on the 29 of Iune landing at a place called Pietra Negra from whence they slipt without discouerie into the citie of Malta and were from thence conducted with a conuoy to the Borough receiued there with great contentment ioy Some of this new supply were put into S. Michels fort which they thought would be presently attempted The losse of S. Herme being vnderstood in Sicile many made offer to D. Garcia to hazard themselues to lead succours to Malta through the Turks gards the which could hardly be effected by sea for hauing taken S. Herme they were masters of the entrie which went vnto the Bourg vnder castel S. Ange. Iohn Andrew Doria was confident that with ten gallies he wold land as many men as he could carry in some part of the Iland lead them himselfe into the Bourg which D. Garcia would not suffer for that hauing not any newes of the gallies of Spaine which was his best excuse in his dilations he wold not hazard those he had which were for the safetie of Sicile the realm of Naples The Turks hauing clensed the ruins of the fort which they had won they lodged 300 Ianisaries in it then they planted 60 canoÌ„s in six seueral batteries at la Grotte Batteries made by the Turkes at Malta Coraasin Mandrasse at Sancta Maria du Secours at Sancta Marguerita elsewhere making so wonderful a thunder as they were heard into Sicile beyond Messina assailing the Bourg and fort of S. Michael both together by sea and land but it pleased God so to strengthen the beseeged as they had alwaies the better against the Turks since the taking of Saint Herme who in the end did noâ— fight but with an obstinate despaire battering the houses of the Bourg more than to make a breach to enter their pouder began also to wast for at their comming to this seege they had lost a great ship at Sea 1563 in the which were sixe thousand barrels of pouder with 〈◊〉 hundred â—â—nisaries and they had sent into the Leuant to haue new with other things which they wanted In the meane time Hâ—scen king of Alger son to Barberousse came vnto the 〈◊〉 with seuen great gallies many foists and other vessels carrying many Turkes and other good Souldiers for whose welcome Mastapha seeking to doe some extraordinarie exploit against the fort of Saint Michael towards the sea and against the Bourg by land was repulst and lost aboue fiue and twenty hundred Turkes some were drowned with their barkes and some were slaine with the canon and the sword at which charge there dyed also about two hundred Christians and many were hurt yet the Turks fainted not for all this but increased their batterie against the fort and Bourg ruining the flankes courtines and leauing the beseeged â—â—most naked to the shot of the canon from whome notwithstanding they could not take any thing 〈…〉 althogh they did assaile them fiercely by all meanes and deâ—ices casting bridges made of their maine yardss ouer their ditches vpon their ruines as
choosing in his place Diego Lopes Aben Aboo to raigne ouer them Aben Aboo chosen king of the Râ—bels a cruell man but hee had more iudgement and gouernment than the other so as D. Iohn de Austria had more cause to thinke seriously of the affaires of the war Hee gaue the charge of the Riuers of Almerie Bolodui Almansora Sierra de Basa and Filabres and of the Marquisate of Zenete to Ierome Malech and to Xoabi and Sierra Neuada the land of Velez the Alpuxarres and the Valley of Montojo of Granado to Hascien de Gueiar Hee sent presents to Vluccialy and to the Moâ—ti of Constantinople to keepe him in grace with the great Turke and to bee a meanes for some succours he made a regiment of foure thousand men for his gard whereof a thousand should be alwaies in gard At his election he found tenne thousand men in the armie and among them six hundred Turkes The Marquesse of Mondejar at that time left the affairs of Granado went to Valentia where he was appointed viceroy in which charge he continued not long but past to Naples to gouern there with like dignitie The duke of Sesse was chief of the army which the marquesse was wont to lead who releeued the Garrison of Orgiba which Aben Aboo the new king beseeged and kept the pace of Lantjaron where there was a great skirmish the which continued long through the Turkes valour in the which there were many slaine of either part Orgiba was abandoned by the commandement of D. Iohn who sent the Captaine of that place with his men to Motrill In the Dukes armie there were many Noble men of marke as Pagan Doria brother to Iohn Andrew D. Gabriel and Lewis de Cordoâ—a D. Lewis de Cardone and others which armie was appointed to clense the Alpuxarra In the other part whereas the marquesse of Veles made warre D. Iohn would commaund in person hauing Malech and Xoabi to make head against him In these Christian armies there were certaine couragious Monkes marching in the head of the troupes who held a Crucifex in one hand and a naked sword in the other The Moores attempted Galere Galere taken by the Moores a strong place of situation belonging to Eurigue a league from Guescar and tooke it They went to beseege Oria but they of Lorca their neightbours who were alwaies good souldiers came thither 〈…〉 foure hundred Moores Moores defeated raised the seege and carried away fiue Ensignes 〈◊〉 with the bodie of his armie by the riuer of Almansora D. Iohn led his by that of Xenil this Riuer runnes by Piuillos and enters into an other called Aguasblancas which together passing by the village of Cene runne towards Granado and betwixt these two riuers is the Mountaine of Guejar one of the descents of Sierra Neuada in the which there kept about foure thousand Moores vnder the Captaines Xoabi Choconcillo Macox and Moxixar who ranne euen to the gates of Granado D. Iohn made them dislodge and retire farther into the mountaines of Sierra Neuada Farrax Aben Farrax was among the Moores that were at Guejar Farrax Aben Farrax his miserable estate in poore and miserable estate of whose aduentutur it is fit to make some little mention Being in disgrace with king Aben Humeia and put from all affaires his miserie had brought him to that despaire as hee was ready to yeeld himselfe to the Marquesse of Mondejar who without doubt had put him to an exemplarie death being in suspence and hauing changed his minde hee thought it better to yeeld himselfe vnto the Inquisition thinking that making his accustomed submissions he should haue his life saued at the least There was a Moore with him which had beene his companion in the art of dying to whom hauing imparted this his designe exhorting him to doe the like for hee was no lesse culpable than he he liked well of it and was content to go before to treat with them of the Inquisition for them both Farrax hauing instructed him being to depart that night and therefore they were retired into a valley couered with wood to keepe their businesse more secret after that he had discoursed long reiterated his instructions to this Moor he fel a sleep in the wood the other seeing him fast thoght that he should make his peace better if hee slue him and being resolued hee tooke a great stone wherewith he gaue him so many blowes vpon the head face and bodie as hee left him for dead and then he went as it is to bee coniectured to Granado Farrax being thus pittifully handled remained two daies neither dead nor aliue in that Vallie whereas two Moores passing by found him whilest hee yet breathed and not knowing what hee was but onely finding that hee was a Moore they laied him for pittie sake vpon one of their horses and carried him to Guejar where hee was lookt vnto and cured but hee remained so disfigured as his visage had scarce any shape of a mans and in this estate hee followed the troupes liuing of almes being known of few men This was the reward of the chiefe authour of the Moores rebellion Returning to Aben Aboo he had a intent to gather the Oliues vpon the riuer of Boldni hauing sent a number of Moorish women thither with a gard of eight hundred souldiers Defeat of Moores but they were no good gardians for being charged by the Marquesse of Velez they fled with the losse of two hundred of their men slain vpon the place and all their women were taken Guescar was also relieued by the Marquesse who slue about fiue hundred of the Moors Winter broght many discommodities both to the one and the other yet the Marquesse of Velez held Galeres alwaies inuested but seeing in the Spring that D. Iohn would come and beseege it himselfe he retyred for he was so ambitious as he would haue the honor of euerie thing that was done where he was The body of D. Iohns armie which was inteÌ„ded against the fort of Galere was made at Guescar D. Iohn being at Basa which is 7 leagues off where he prouided for all things necessarie Galere was but a borough without any wall but seated among rockes which couered it being enuironed with deep precipices the which the Moors by trauerses and barracadoes had made in a maner impenetrable and in thâ—se deep bottomes the riuer ran wheras they of the Borogh were forced to fetch their water and to the end they might goe thither without danger the Moores had made a way like a wall Galere beseeged and taken and by this meanes they did water safely There were three thousand Moores and Turkes to defend this fort The church without the borogh had a high Tower which serued them both for a watch and a Citadell D. Iohn brought his armie thither and hauing made there batteries he presently took this church by one of them But when he came to the Borough there was great
this growing mischiefe Barbarigo laboured in like manner who with great eloquence and iudgement 1569 so pacified Colonna first and then D. Iohn as they were content to preferre the generall good of Christendome before their owne priuate respects yet they would not that Veniero should treat any more with them concerning any businesse neither as a publike person nor as a priuate but that Barbarigo should supplie his place vntill they had further order from Venice The third of October they went forth in the same order that they should fight and bent their course towards Cephalonia where they had newes that did much trouble them for that by a fregate dispacht from Candie they had letters brought them from Marino Caualli wherein was related the losse of the Realme of Cypres by letters intercepted in a Galeot the which were sent after the taking of Famagosta from the generall Mustafa to Aly. whereof they presently sent aduice to Venice Comming to Val d' Alexandria which was the ancient Samos they returned againe to Councell where hearing for certaine that the Turkes were in the gulphe of Lepanto they resolued after much disputation to goe to the mouth of it and not meeting first with the Turkes to set vpon two forts called Dardanelli to force the enemie to fight or with the losse of their gallies to runne to land with this resolution they parted the sixt of October and came to the Ilands called Curzolares where earely in the morning they had view of the Turkish armie which came out of the mouth of the gulfe in good order The generall Aly had beene informed by Caracossa who had gone to discouer the Christians with what intent they sailed that way in what order and how many vessels they were so as opening at that instant the great Turkes letter which by his order should be red as soone as the enemies fleet approacht they saw it was his mind they should fight and ruin the Christians forces The Commanders of the Turkish Nauy being very resolute to incounter the Christians and to shut them vp in the chanell of Cephalonia being small wheras Caracossa had viewed them had newly fortified their army with tenne thousand Ianisaries Spahies voluntaries which Mehemet Bet had broght with great store of victuals munition and 100 Sangiacs Alobei which are men of title a degree vnder a Sāgiac But the Christians parted from Cephalonia and Val d' Alexandria towards the Curzolares where the sea is verie streit ful of shelfs rocks which the Turks took for an aduātage Thus both armies were resolued to fight were put in batel inform of a Croisant In the right wing of the Christians armie where fiftie and three gallies Order of the Christian armie whereof Iohn Andrew Doria had charge hauing before him two Venetian galleasses and at his backe the admirall galley of Sauoy in the which was the duke of Vrbin On the left wing were the like nūber of gallies galleasses commanded by Augustin Barbarigo Proueditor general for the Venetians being assisted by the admirall galley of Genoua in the which was the prince of Parma Betwixt these two wings was the bodie of the battell consisting of 70 gallies and two galleasses and in the middest or center thereof the three generalls with their royall gallies D. Iohn in the middest Sebastian Veniero generall for the Venetians on the left hād and Marc Antonio Colonna general of the Popes gallies on the right behind thē as it were in the reereward where D. Aluaro Bassan Marquesse of Saint Cruz with thirty gallies and in the front of them was D. Iohn of Cardona with eight gallies as a forlorne hope On the other side Aly opposed against Iohn Andrew Doria 96 gallies commanded by Vluccialy Order of the Turkes army against the Proueditor Barbarigo he set 55 gallies vnder the charge of Mehemet Bei and Sirocco and Aly himselfe with Portau Bassan who was general of the land forces were in the middest against D. Iohn with 96 gallies and the rest of the gallies were appointed in the reere to succour them with many foistes and brigandins to passe from place to place with the Generals commandements D. Iohn went in person to view the armie being accompanied by Lewis de Cardona and Iohn Soto hee was in white armour hauing in his hand a Crucifix D. Iohns speech to the armie going from place to place in a most swift fregat animating the souldiers and telling them that they had not him for their Captaine and leader but that great God alone whose humane shape being dead vpon the crosse to saue the whole world they saw in his hands Hee put them in minde that they did fight for the the great God of victories to whome all humane powers yeeld obedience that hee was their Generall and their guide and the gouernour of euerie mans actions promising to euerie man that day an honourable and glorious victorie whereof nothing could depriue them vnlesse they distrusted to obtaine it 1571 His words were short but deliuered with such efficacie as it made all them that heard him weepe for ioy who with a presage of their future successe beganne to crie victorie wherewith hee was much contented and so hauing saluted the Generall Veniero verie courteously reioycing to see that reuerent old man of seuenty and fiue yeares old in an action where hee must fight as well as command The battell of Lepanto hee retyred to his galley and then hee set vp the standard of the league which was a Crucifix in a red field in signe of battell Whereupon Aly did presently discharge a canon and D. Iohn answered him in like manner Iohn Andrew Doria did an act of iudgement stretching forth his right wing into the sea giuing meanes to the rest to doe the like to the end they should not be compassed in by the Turkes gallies who were in all places more in number the which did auaile them much Barbarigo Anthonie Canale Marc Anthonie Quirin and others which did assist him kept as neere the land as they could so as they could not bee charged in flanke but onely in front the which Sirocco and Aly a renegado of Genoua sought to doe and when they were put to rout which began among the enemies which Barbarigo had in front hee kept them that they could not escape and made a wonderfull spoile of them The fight grew hot and the Canon of either side plaied furiously wherein the Christians were somewhat fauoured by the wind the which in the beginning being in their faces Aly Bassa slaine changed instantly as the battell begunne and carried the smoake into their enemies eies In the beginning the two Generals Gallies of D. Iohn and Aly Bassa affronted one another about the which the combat was very hot In D. Iohns gallies there were foure hundred Harquebuziers and Musketiers vnder D. Lope de Figueroa their Commander Victory of the Christians in the prow
we haue sayd had an intent to flie vnto the Christians and treated with Don Aluar de Baçan to yeeld himselfe vassall to the Emperour Charles and to put Pignon de Velez into his hands But staying long for an answer from D. Aluar the xeriffe it may be aduertized of that which he pretended to do sent for him to come to Fez with assurance The which hee promised to do and put him selfe vppon the way but he turned on the left hand and retired to Melille where he continued his practises with the Prince Maximillian who gouerned Spaine for the Emperour He was to deliuer Pignon de Velez to D. Bernardin of Mendoza who was sent expresly to receiue it but the Captaine that was in it would not deliuer it wherefore hee past with D. Bernardin to Malaga and from thence to Maximilian who hauing referred him vnto the Emperour hee went to him into Germany but to no purpose for they did not trust him In the end he addressed himselfe to D. Iohn king of Portugall who gaue him mony and fiue Carauels in which he embarked 1500. souldiers Portugals meaning to land in Affricke at a place called las Aluzemas but hee was surprized by Salharais Gouernour of Alger who had some intelligence of these Carauels who assayled them with fourescore Galleots tooke them and carried them to Alger with all the Christian souldiers notwithstanding any thing that Buaçon could pleade who sayd that hee had brought them for his seruice that by their ayde hee might enter into the Estate of Fez from whence the Xeriffe their common enemie had chased all their house and family by force but hee could get nothing from Salharrais at that time but reproches that hee should bee ashamed beeing a Mahometane to haue recourse vnto Christians in his affaires rather then vnto Turkes yet notwithstanding afterwards hee not onely deliuered these Portugall souldiers but came himselfe with the forces of his Gouernement to ayde Buaçon to recouer the Realme of Fez for it happened that the Xeriffe hauing greater desseignes and aspiring to the Empire of all Affricke made an enterprize vppon the Towne of Tremessen which was store-house for the Turkes where they had a Gouernour and a Garrison sending his three eldest sonnes Harran Cader and Abdalla to whome it was yeelded without resistance Abdalla remayned there with a good Garrison but hee stayed not long till hee was inuested by Salharrais with a mightie armie by whome hee was vanquished going foorth to fight with them notwithstanding that the father had sent him a supply of eight thousand horse vnder the commaund of Cader and Abderramen his Brethren who were the cause of his losse by their accustomed iarres and dissentions for beeing breethren by diuers mothers they had alwaies some quarrell a foote and could not agree in this important action Cader was slayne in this conflict beeing not succoured by Abderramen and Abdalla sore wounded was forced to retire in disorder Bahami an old Captaine and Cousin to these young Xeriffes thinking to reprehend Abderramen for the fault which hee had committed vsing some sharp and manly words vnto him hee wounded him in the arme with his sword whereof hauing afterwards complayned vnto the Xeriffe Mahomet hee was so incensed against his sonne as some thought hee was poysoned within a moneth after with the fathers consent so in a short time three of the Xeriffes sons dyed for Mahomet Harran the eldest who was appoynted Successour to the Realmes of Marroc and Fez and had assisted him in the Conquest of Tremessen returning afterwards to Fez he dyed of sicknesse In the meane time the Xeriffe had newes that the Inhabitants of the Mountaine Nefuça called otherwise Derenderen a people subiect to rebellion were reuolted They had mutined before by the perswasion of a Preacher of the sect of Mohaydin called Cidi Abdalla but now the Xeriffe imputed this tumult to the practises of Muley Hamet the dispossessed king of Fez and his children but more vppon a conceipt then any wel-grounded reason so as incensed with a violent passion Crueltie of the Xeriffe Mahomet hee sent his sonne Abdalla to Marro◠where this poore King was with charge to cut off his head and there was commaundement sent to Habis Gouernour of Sus to do the like to his two sonnes Cazeri and Nacer who liued at Tarudant the which was executed The Rebels of Derenderen had annoyed the Xeriffe beeing animated by their Preacher Cidi Abdalla and now they shewed themselues no lesse obstinate It is a mightie people but barbarous superstitious and disloyall inhabiting◠this long mountaine which was strong and of hard accesse hauing with in it spatious valleys well tilled carrying grayne oyle and other fruites which is a branch of the great Atlas in the territory of Marroc who made such resistance against the Xeriffe who came against them in person as after that he had lost a great number of his men he resolued to leaue them vntill another time The towne of Tremessen beeing recouered by the Turkes Buaçon Lord of Velez who was at Melille came againe to intreate Salharrais that he would not ruine his good fortune but deliuer the Christian souldiers which hee detayned paying him some reasonable ransome Salharrais being incensed against the Xeriffe and thinking that if hee should assayle him after the route of his sonnes hee would bee so amazed as hee might dispossesse him of Fez requiring him with the like as he had attempted to do against him at Tremessen he granted Buaçon his request and moreouer offered to furnish him with a good number of Turkes hauing agreed vppon some pay and he himselfe went with him in person Buaçon promised to pay him a thousand doublons of gold daily for forty daies together and gaue him caution in the towne of Alger Hee agreed also that Salharrais should carry away all the mouables iewels and treasor which should bee found in Fez belonging to the Xeriffe This accord being made Turkes goe to beseege Fez. the Turke went to field with foure thousand men of his nation and twelue peeces of ordinance giuing order to other troupes to come and ioyne with him at Tremessen the Lord of Dubude of the bloud of the Merins came also with some souldiars It may be the newes hereof made the Xeriffe retire from pursuing the Montaynards of Derenderen sooner then he would haue done and to put himselfe into Fez whether all his forces being come hee went to incounter the Turkes vpon the Marches of Tezar whereas the Realme of Fez confines with that of Tremessen and there attended his comming many daies but seeing his long stay and his victuals being cut off by Buaçons children who held the passages and had their retreats into the mountaines of Matagara hee was forced to retire Xeriffe was no sooner parted from Tezar but Salharrais arriued to whom the Inhabitants opened their gate and receiued a garrison of Turkes then causing his army to march against Fez hee went along
qualities the Deputies of the Realme and the Cleargie were least spared there were also many Ladies Gentlewomen and other women prisoners and Lieutenants of Soueraigne Iustice as Michel Claueria and Micer Spinosa whom they forced to renownce their Offices substituting others whom the King before for their offences had declared incapable to the blemish of his authoritie their election beeing against all right and law They did also confiscate contrary to the lawes of Arragon not onely the goods of the husbands but also of the wiues of such as were absent And aboue all the Soueraigne Iudge of Arragon was taken and within twenty houres lost his head without any other sentence but of a little scrowle written with the Kings hand in these termes Hauing read this you shall presently apprehend Don Ihon de la Nuca chiefe Iustice of Arragon and let mee haue newes of his death as soone as of his Imprisonment The which was done notwithstanding his appellations and Protestations without the priuitie of any man vntill hee came vnto the Scaffold to bee executed whereas many had gone before him and many followed after Thus the Realme of Arragon thinking to preserue their priuiledges and liberties lost them with the chiefe of the Nobility and a great number of men of good quality This yeare 1592. the King of Spaine hauing put many to death at Saragoça for that they had taken armes for the defence of their liberties and burnt Antonio Perez Image The Estates of the Country hauing assembled at Tarracone and giuen satisfaction vnto the King hee was content to send a generall pardon into the Prouince Wherevpon all Vargas Souldiers were drawne out of Saragoça except some fewe that were left to garde the Inquisition The Turke beeing in Armes and threatning especially the house of Austria the Catholicke King grew iealious that by this diuersion hee might bee much troubled in his warres of Flanders where as the vnted Estates were very strong beeing assisted from other Princes hee therefore sent Charles Cigala to Constantinople vnder coulour to visit his brother but it was generally thought that his going was to saue his country from inuasion but Cigala could not obtaine what hee desired for that the Turkes landing diuerse times carryed away many thousands of Christians and committed great spoyles vpon the coasts of Calabria and Apulia comming neere vnto Naples as also in Sicile Newes beeing come into Spaine Cont Fuentes sent into the Low countries that the Duke of Parma was returned very sicke from the Spawe and that the Physitions despaired of his life the Cont of Fuentes was presently sent into the Lowe Countries with Commission to command the armie after his death the which some imputed to the Spaniards whither he went in post but the Duke of Parma dyed before his arriuall in Arras and was much lamented This yeare there beeing a Commission granted by the Queene of England to Sir Walter Raleigh for an expelition to the west Indies he armed fourteene or fifteene good ships of warre whereof two were the Queenes and beeing accompanied by a troope of resolute Gentlemen hee began to bee ready to goe from the West Countries but hee was so long stayed there by contrary windes as the fittest season for Sayling was past his peoples mindes began to alter and his victuals consumed Wherevpon the Queene called home Sir Walter Raleigh in Maye commanding him to giue ouer his intended voyage and to leaue his charge to Sir Iohn Bourrough and Sir Martin Frobisher but hee finding his honor ingaged would not leaue the fleete beeing now vnder saile but beeing taken with a strange tempest on the 11. of May and in danger to be swallowed vp in the sea he resolued to returne and to leaue the charge to the aboue-named giuing them directions to diuide their fleet in two one to lye vpon the South Cape of Spaine and the other to attend at the Ilands which made the Admirall of Spaine to stay vpon that coast and to neglect the wafting of the Caracks Sir Iohn Bourrough sayling towards the Açores Carrake called Santa Cruz set on fire hee discouered a Carack called Santa Cruz comming from the East Indies which getting neere the land the Portugalls carried what goods they could out of her and set fire of the ship There they vnderstood by certaine prisoners of three other Carracks that were comming from the Indies which Sir Iohn with his consorts resolued to attend After sixe weekes patience they discouered a huge Caracke called Madre de Dios Carack called Mombre de Dios taken by the English one of the greatest belonging to the Crowne of Portugall which after a long and furious fight was in the end borded by the English they found the hatches strewed with dead carcases and with wounded men languishing Don Fernando de Mendoça was commander of this Caracke whom Sir Iohn Bourrough of an honorable disposition and pittying his estate sent away freely with most of his followers to his Country This Caracke was esteemed to be of a thousand sixe hundred tuns and did carry nine hundred tuns in bulke of Marchandize there were in her sixe or seauen hundred persons her chiefe commodities besides Iewels were Spices Drugs silks China silkes Callicoes with Pearle Muske Cyuet and Amber gris with diuerse other commodities the which at resonable rates was valued at an hundreth and fifty thousand pounds starling The losse of these two Caracks brought D. Alphonso de Baçan General with the Spanish fleet in disgrace with the King who imputed it to his negligence In the yeare 1593. the King of Spaine sent the Duke of Feria into France 1593. to offer all his forces to fauour the League Duke of Feria sent to the league in France and the election of a new King beeing assembled together at Paris to that end where it beeing propounded who should bee ealled to the Crowne the Duke of Feria did insist for the eldest daughter of Spaine who he sayd had most right the realme falling to the Masculine line of Capet the which hee maintained for many defects might not pretend so as the Infanta comming of the sister who was elder then Henry the third shee should also bee preferred to the Crowne and the rather for that shee should bee marryed to some Prince in France so as it should not passe to a stranger but this Prince should be chosen by the King of Spaine This proposition was distastfull to most of the assembly who sayd that it was against their Salike law King Philip hauing conquered Portugall which hee pretended to bee due vnto him in the right of his mother and expelled Don Anthonio who was held base hee gaue the gouernment thereof to Cardinall Albertus of Austria yonger sonne to the Emperour Maximilian the second a Prince endowed with many great vertues and therefore very acceptable to the Protugalls In which gouernment hee did so carry himselfe as hee gaue great satisfaction both to the King and his
Inuention of Saint Iames Sepulcher 179 Indiscretion of D. Guttiere Fernandes 308 Interest of the French king to the crowne of Castile 352 Inhabitants of Pampelona refuse to doe homage to the king of Castile 387 Iniustice of D. Pedro king of Arragon to his brother 419 Insolencies of the French in Sicile ibid. Inuasion of Castile by the king of Granado 442 Integrity of D. Iohn Ramires of Areillan 573 Integrity of Leonora Queene of Castile 601 Intercession for D. Henry Infant of Arragon 684 Infants of Arragon loose all their land in Castile 704 Insolencies of the Constable of Castile made knowne vnto the king 716 Insolency of the commons punished 725 Ingratitude of Pope Calixtus 755 Insolency of the confederats in Castile against the Popes Legat. 800 Insolency of the Master of Saint Iames. 829 Inquisition in Spaine against Iewes and Moores and the fruits thereof 870 Integrity of king Fernand and Queene Isabel. 899 Inquisition in Arragon 927 Iniury don to the kings Receiuers 931 Indians gentle and tractable 946 Inuectiue made by the Constable Velasco against Cardinal Ximenes 926 Intreaty of the Infant D. Fernand to Cardinal Ximenes 954 Insolency against the kings Officers 961 Inigo of Loycla and his family 962 Inquisition of Spaine attempted at Mylan 1111 Inquisition reiected by the Arragonois 1120 Inquisitors what they be ibid. Imprisonment of the Prince of Spaine 1130 Inquisitors sharpe persecutors of Prince Charles 1134. they are chiefe of the councel of Spaine 1135 Insolency of the Spanish soldiers in Granado 1141 Insolency of the Spaniards makes the Moores reuolt 1149 Ioseph king of Granado poisoned 655 Ioane Queene of Nauar punished by the hand of God 764 Ioane Queene of Castile deliuered of a daughter vnlawfully begotten 767 Ioane Infanta of Castile newly borne declared heire of the realme 768 Ioane borne in Adultery the subiect of all the troubles in Castile 778. she is made sure to the king of Portugal 850 Ioane wife to the Archduke Philip heire to Castile and Arragon 963. toucht in her sences 882 D. Iohn of Austria opposite to Prince Charles 1134 he comes to Granado against the Moores 1146. his speech to the army at Lepanto 1168 Irone a chast Virgin 148 Saint Iren taken from the Moores 297 Ismael king of Granado slaine by his subiects 471 Isabel Queene of Castile fauors the Lords against the Constable 743 Isabella sister to king Henry reiects the title of Queene of Castile 805. shee procures a peace in Castile ibid. she is declared heire of the realme 806. she marries with Fernand of Arragon 817. her magnanimity 852. shee is sworne heire to the crowne of Castile 860. she is carefull to doe Iustice 867. she poursueth the rebels in Estremadura 875 Iulian an Earle brings the Moores into Spaine 153 Iudges chosen in Castile 196 Iustice and treasor the chiefe members of an Estate 846 Iustice established in Galicia 884 Iudgement of the Inquisitors against the Prince of Spaine 1131 D. Iohn affects to bee king of Tunes 1174. hee is made gouernor of the Netherlands 1180. he aspires to the crown of Eng. ibid. his death 1181 K KIngs of Spaine at the first what they were 7 Kingdomes erected in Spaine by the Arabians and Christians 24 1. Kings in the battaile whereas Attila was defeated 134 1. King forced by his children to leaue his crowne 191 1. King dispossest becomes his sons Lieutenant ibi 2 Knights of the Lilly in Nauar. 235 1. Kings of Spaine doe not acknowledge the Emperor 240 2. Knights Christians in pay with the Moores 247 1. Kings of Castile and Arragon spoile the heire of Nauar of his kingdome 249 2. Knights of Calatraua first instituted 304 1. Kings of Leon and Castile in quarrel 321 1. Kings of Nauar and Leon inuade Castile 330 1. King of Castile inuades Nauar. 335 1. King of Castile being young deliuered into the hands of them of Lara 350 1. King of Leon enters Castile with an army against his owne sonne 354 1. King of Seuile a Moore tributary to the king of Castile 363 1. King of Arragon asketh pardon of the Pope 370 1. King of Nauar confesseth himselfe vassal to him of Castile 387 1. Kings of Moores dispossest and chased out of Spaine 388 1. Kingdome of Tremissen 408 1. King of Maroc passeth into Spaine 409 King of Maiorca dispossest by his brother 422 King of Arragon set the Infants of Cerde at liberty 434 King of Granado deposed 455 King of Arragon makes warre against the Moores of Affrike 482 King of Castile inuades Portugal with an army 505 Knights in Castile executed 553 King of Nauarre sends for his wife 643 King of Castile beseeged by his own subiects 683 King of Nauarres lands in Castile for feited and giuen away 696 King of Arragon defeated and taken prisoner at sea by the Geneuois 709 Kings of Castile and Nauarre visit the Constable 724 King of Castile puts the Constable to death more through base feare then for the loue of Iustice. 745 King of Nauarre and the Lords pacified and reconciled to the new king of Castile 750 King of Castile contemned of his subiects 753 King of Castile makes warre against Nauarre 766 King of Castile reproched with the adulterat birth of his supposed daughter 781 King of Portugal abandons Zamorra 854 his base courage 864. he despaires 865 King of Manicongo becomes a Christian. 950 Kings of France and Arragon diuide the realme of Naples and dispossesse Frederic 966 King of Nauar and his wife in factions 885 King of Tremessen defeated by the Spaniards 1009 King of Tunes taken by his sonne 1010 King of Tunes expelled by Vluccialy 1160 King of Fez defeated by the Xeriffes 1185 King of Fez and Marocat warre 1187 King of Fez defeated and taken 1188. he is set at liberty ibid. Kings of Maroc electiue 1195 L LAnguage of the Spaniards at this day 30 Lauron taken by Sertorius in the view of Pompey 110 Lawes of king Sisebuth 146 Law made by the Gothes not to marry the kings widow 151 Law of defying a towne 246 Laurence Suarez betraies king Aben Hut who had entertained him in his exile 371 Lands called Beetries in Biscay c. 533 Lands of the crowne giuen in recompence of seruice 622 Lands confiscated being giuen away hinder the peace 715 Lamentation of Isabella of Castile 942 Landgraue of Hessen feared by the Emperour 1116 Lebrissa and the beginning 8 Leon taken by the Christians 171 League of Christian Princes and Moores in Spain against the French 181 Leon the Christians chiefe city taken by the Arabians 213 League betwixt the king of Castile and Prince of Arragon against Nauar. 289 Leira taken by the Moores 292 League against Nauar. 320 League against Castile made by Arragon Leon and Portugal 327 League betwixt the king of Arragon and the widow Queene of Nauarre 385 Lewis the French king quits his right to Castile 395 League and marriage betwixt Nauar and Arragon 491 Leonora de Guzman mistresse to the king
forts euen to the gates of Valence where as Don Alphonso of Arragon Earle of Denis commanded There the king of Castile and Don Lewis camped and had many skirmishes but hearing that the king of Arragon and Don Henry and Don Tello brethren to the king of Castile beeing banished came with three thousand horse to fight with them they dislodged and retired to Moruiedro refusing a battell for that the army of Castile was much lessened hauing left garrisons in as many places as they had taken Don Gil Fernandes of Carauallo Master of Saint Iames of Portugal was in that army After this retreat the Abbot of Fescan Nauarre and Arragon Legate for the Pope laboured to make a peace betwixt these Princes and obtained of the king of Castile that D. Lewis of Nauarr should be employed who went to conferre with the king of Arragon at Burriana and brought Don Alphonso of Arragon Earle of Denia to the king of Castile being at Moruiedro he was afterwards made Constable of Castile and Marquis of Vilena with him came Don Bernard of Cabrera with others but all their indeauours were vaine For the King of Castile would not heare speake of peace The perfidie of Don Pedro of Arragon against the earle of Trāstamara vnlesse the king of Arragon would promise to kill Don Henry Earle of Transtamara and Don Tello his brethren with Don Fernand of Arragon the which he refused to do in the beginning seeming to haue horrour of so wicked an act as to betray them which had fledde to him for protection and had serued him yet afterwards hee made no conscience thereof seeing himselfe pressed and his countrie so spoiled by the King of Castile but agreed with the king of Nauarre to kill Don Henry the which God would not permit for he had appointed him for the Realme of Castile and Leon and to be an exemplarie scourge for the tyrant Don Pedro who promised to giue the towne of Logrogno to Charles king of Nauarre if he would assist him in this murther For the effecting hereof the two kings of Nauarre and Arragon concluded an interview at Sos King Charles pretending that he would quit the allyance of Castile For assurance and guard of the towne where these two kings should meete there was chosen for Gouernour Don Iohn Ramires of Areillan a knight of Nauarre Chamberlaine to king Charles who tooke for his Lieutenant his brother Ramir of Areillan with thirtie men at armes thirtie Lances twenty Crosse-bowes and other souldiers The kings entred into Sos either of them with two men whither Don Henry and Don Tello had bene sent for to come Don Henry came accompanied with eight hundred horse the which hauing left without the towne he entred with two more as the kings had done There entred also the Abbot of Fescan but ignorant of what was intended against Don Henry The kings hauing treated long of their affaires in shew thinking it a fit time to dispatch Don Henry they talked secretly with Don Iohn Ramires perswading him with great promises to execute this murther but this knight who was noble and vertuous would neuer yeeld vnto it saying that he had rather die an hundred times then to blemish his good name with so execrable a crime The kings seeing that their hopes were vaine to make him the minister of their treason they knew not what to do but to dissemble their enterprise and retire into their countries imposing silence to D. Iohn Ramires who merited immortall commendation for this generous act besides that God did greatly honour him afterwards hauing directed him into Castile at such time as D. Henry raigned of whom he was beloued and cherished and obtained from him the Segneurie of los Cameros From him are descended the Earles of Aguilar of the family of Areillan This businesse ill attempted and not able to be executed was for that time dissembled There had past many former treaties and accords betwixt this Pedro king of Arragon and his brother D. Fernand Marquis of Tortosa to the preiudice of D. Henry for that they found him desirous to raigne in Castile of which Realme D. Fernand was the lawfull heire if D. Pedro the cruell died without children begotten in lawful matrimony but the king of Arragon had neuer any intent to do good vnto his brother D. Fernand nor to procure him any honour and aduancement but as he was a man full of disdainfull enuie and without loue or respect of any that did him seruice so he spared no man and dissembled with all men for his present commoditie Don Henry who knew him well could also dissemble for his part and stand vpon his guard he could handle him so cunningly as by the meanes and forces of Arragon hee made himselfe a way to attaine vnto his desseignes 16 Soone after there was a new and strict League made with him whereupon Don Iohn Fernandes of Heredia and Francis of Perillos Captaines to the king of Arragon were went with money into France to leuie men During these treaties and practises there was no cessation of armes Castile at what time it fell out that the king tooke foure gallies of Castile their king beeing at Moruiedro from whence he parted to come into Castile at which time there was a soone borne him at Almaçan of a Lady called Donna Izabella which soone he named Don Sancho soone after returning to the warre more enraged then euer against the king of Arragon he marched into the countrie of Valence hauing alwaies in his company Mahomad the Moore king of Granado he tooke Alicant Xixona Gandie Oliue and other places but hee was in danger to haue beene suddenly surprized and defeated in his retreat by Don Henry Earle of Transtamara had he not beene aduertised by one of Castro of Ordiales Hauing escaped this danger this religious king went in pilgrimage in his shirt with a halter about his necke to place called our Ladie of Puch The king of Castile entred many times into Arragon and Valence neither could the king of Arragon hinder him from forcing of many places the which he left manned with good garrisons of Castillans and at sea he had not alwaies the worst although the Arragonois were the more expert marriners from whome the Castillans tooke in the yeare 1364. fiue gallies which were carried to Carthagena and the captaines mariners and souldiers for the most part put to death by the kings commandement 17 The king of Arragon being desirous to be freed from this war Arragon sought all meanes by the king of Nauarre to draw the king of Castile to some good accord but it was labour lost wherefore the kings of Nauar and Arragon resolued to make a league betwixt them for confirmation whereof they concluded a marriage betwixt the Infant Donna Ieanne sister to king Charles and Don Iohn Duke of Girone the heire of Arragon being then foureteene yeares old And moreouer the king of Arragon bound himselfe to giue
lands and reuenues to Don Lewis brother to king Charles and to prouide him a wife and to giue fifty thousand florens to vngage certaine townes which king Charles had pawned to Gaston Phebus Earle of Foix his brother-in-law and to intertayne him a certaine number of men against any enemy whatsoeuer namely sixe hundred horse-men of the country of Nauarre if it were against Castile but if it were against France then to entertaine him a thousand and to ayde him at need with all his forces both by sea and land and moreouer he quit vnto him for euer and to remaine to the Crowne of Nauarre Saluatierra and the place called the Terme of Real For assurance of these things which were very honorable for the king of Nauarre he of Arragon promised to lay in deposito the towne of Iacca Vncastilla Sos Exea and Thermael which should be committed to the fidelitie of Raymond Allemand of Ceruillon a knight of Arragon who for this effect should be discharged of his oath of homage and vassailage which he ought vnto the king of Arragon and should sweare fealty to him of Nauarre to deliuer him the places put into his hands if the aboue-mentioned accord should be broken by the king of Arragon The king of Nauarre promised for his part to quit the allyance of the king of Castile and to make warre against him and his children and for his part he layed in pawne the towne and castle of Sanguesse Gallipienço Vxué Aybar Caseda Pitellas and Penna and moreouer the person of Arnaud Lord of Luse his Chamberlaine who was much fauoured by him which articles were sworne at Vncastillo in the presence of the Earles of Transtamara Ribagorça and others whome the Kings commanded to keepe this league secret It was not sufficient for these two Kings to fortifie themselues against the attempts of the king of Castile Diuision of the Realme of Castile before they had conqueredit for their safeties and defence but they would also diuide the Beares skin before they had taken him sharing the Realme of Castile in such sort as the king of Nauarre should haue the cittie of Burgos with all old Castile all the country of the mountaines of Oca vnto the limits of Nauarre and the Ocean sea comprehending therein the Prouinces of Guipuscoa Alan and Biscay and moreouer the townes of Soria and Agreda And for the king of Arragon were assigned the Realmes of Toledo and Murcia They did also conspire the death of Don Pedro king of Castile the king of Arragon offering to him of Nauarre 200000. florens and the proprietie of the townes and castles of Sos Vncastel Exea and Tiermas if he slue him or deliuered him prisoner vnto him and without it hee offered him presently the cittie of Iacca with the territorie and vallies The better to dissemble these practises they ordained that Don Lewis the king of Nauarres brother should make a roade into Arragon but he should suffer himselfe to bee taken prisoner by Don Alphonso Earle of Ribagorça the which was done but Lewis of Nauarre was soone deliuered and the king of Nauarre did so dissemble his intentions as the king of Castile could not discouer any thing This last desseigne was thus plotted betwixt the two kings without the priuitie of any man in regard of Don Henry Earle of Transtamara with whom the king of Arragon had other practises For Don Henry affecting openly the Realme of Castile vppon hope of the fauours which he attended from France promised vnto the king of Arragon that if he assisted him he would giue him to hold in Soueraigntie the sixth part of the lands hee should conquer by his ayde in Castile whereunto the king of Arragon gaue eare being alwaies vniust vnto his brother Don Fernand Marquis of Tortosa to whom the Realme of Castile did belong by right if Don Pedro the cruell died without lawfull heires These bargaines were not so secret but the Infant Don Fernand had some notice thereof for the which he was so transported and made such a stirre as the king of Arragon and the Earle of Transtamara resolued to dispatch him of which councell was Don Bernard of Cabrera the which was soone after executed for the Infant Don Fernand seeing that himselfe was no more secured in Arragon then in Castile Death of Don Fernand of Arragon and therefore desiring to retire himselfe into France the King of Arragon his brother found meanes to stay him and to kill him in the castle of Buriane in the territorie of Valence In the yere 1363. Iohn the French king died being returned into England An. 1363. for to deliuer the hostages which he had giuen not being able to enduce the States of the kingdom to accomplish the capitulations with the English Charles King of Nauarre hearing these newes hee made preparation to passe into France to which Realme Charles the fift his brother in-law had succeeded but this warre of Arragon had so intangled him as hee could not so as his affaires prospered not well on this side the Pyreneé mountaines In the yeare 1364. An. 1364. the two kings of Nauarre and Arragon renewed their league but with some alteration King of Nauar open enemy to the king of Castile the King of Nauarre hauing alreadie discouered himselfe an enemy to the king of Castile To this end they met at Sos where they agreed to continue this warre against Castile and that it should not be lawful for the one to make any peace or truce without the consent of the other That the king of Nauarre should make no accord with the French king but he of Arragon should be comprehended They gaue hostages one vnto another for assurance of their conuentions The king of Arragon gaue his sonne D. Martin and he of Nauarre a son of Lewis his brother and the children of Don Iohn Ramires of Areillan of Don Martin Henriques of the Lord of Grammont of Don Bertrand of Gueuara Fernand Gil of Asian Martin Martines of Oriz and of Michel Sanches of Vrsua These articles were sworne by the chiefe knights and townes of either part and for that the summes of mony promised to the king of Nauarre at the capitulation of Vncastello were much augmented it was sayd that the K. of Arragon shold deliuer him 50000. florens presently in Sos and for the rest he should haue deliuered him in pawne the citty of Iacca Sos Vncastello Tiermas and Exea Another priuat accord was made betwixt the king Don Charles and Don Henry of Transtamara in whose hands the hostages should remaine The king of Nauarre promised to enter in person into Castile and there to make warre and to be assured of Don Henry hee would haue in hostage for his part his daughter Donna Leonora who was afterwards Queene of Nauarre and a base sonne of his called Don Alphonso Henriques The Earle promised that if at any time he should get the realme of Castile he would suffer the King