called the Alcatrarza and there he foure little ilands about it Also you may know it by the trending of the land vnto the Southwards Item If you will go in at the Northermost end of S. Sebastian you must take heed of a sand that lieth on the Northeast part of the iland but you may be bolde to borrow on the iland for thâ— sand lieth off the maine side Also you mâ—y anker on the Northermost part of the iland in tennâ— fadoms and the maine is distant from you where you shall ride two leagues off Item If you will come in at the Southermost end of the iland of S. Sebastian your course from the Alcatrarza is Southwest Northeast and their distance is 6 leagues the one from the other Item Unto the Southwards of the riuer Plate being in the latitude of 45 degrees and 60 leagues off the maine you shall haue shoalding in 60 fadoms or 65 fadoms oazie sand and then halling in for the shore Westsouthwest â—6 leagues you shall haue 50 fadoms oaze and you shall haue faire shoalding all along Item In the latitude of 47 â…“ you shall see about one mile in length not passing one league oâ— the shore a ledge of broken ground but no danger Also you shall haue very faire shoalding all along the coast and the land lying South and North vntill you come vnto port Desire which standeth in 48 degrees Item If you will go into port Desire on the North side there lieth one ledge of rocks about league distant from the shore Also on the North side at the mouth of the harborow there lieâ— couple of rocks which are at halfe flood vnder water but be bolde to borrow on the Southermost shore for there is no danger and you shall haue no lesse then 6 fadâ—ms water at a low water the harborow lying East and West Also you may know the harborow by one litle iland that lieth Southeast off the mouth of the harborow and it is distant 4 leagues Furthâ—rmore you may know the harborow by an high rocke that â—tandeth on the South side and this rocke is very much like a watch tower Also if you be any thing in you may anker in 5 fadoms at a low water Item It floweth there South and North and higheth at spring â—ides 3 fadoms and an halfe water and in the offing the flood setteth to the Northward Item In the latitude of 48 degrees 50 minuts you shall haue 44 fadoms blacke sand about 5 leagues off and about 3 leagues off you shall haue 25 fadoms and great shingle stones Item in the latitude of 49 degrees ½ you shall haue sounding in 38 fadoms oazie sand Item In the latitude of 51 degrees 10 minuts you shall haue soundings 4 leagues from the shore in 44 fadoms small blacke stones Soundings within the entrance of the Streights ITem About 2 leagues from the Northermost shore you shall haue 38 fadoms blacke sand and all along you shall haue deepe watâ—r not lesse then 18 or 20 fadoms in the faire way Soundings on the coast of Chili in the South sea ITem In the latitude of 36 degrees you shall haue soundings in 12 fadoms 2 miles from the sand browne sand Item In the latitude of 35 degrees you shall haue soundings one league off from the land in 10 fadoms wâ—ite sand Soundings on the coast of New Spaine in the South sea ITem In the latitude of 14 degrees to the North of the line you shall haue soundings 4 leagues from the land in 30 fadoms browne sand Item From the latitude of 14 degrees vnto the latitude of 15 degrees you shall haue faire shoalding 3 leagues from the land Soundings on the coast of Africa vnto the Eastward of the cape of Buena Esperança 40 leagues ITem To the Eastwards of the cape of Buena Esperança 40 leagues in the latitude of 34 degrees and 10 minuts 8 leagues from the land you shall haue 65 fadome and browne sand A note of the lying of the land vnto the Southward of Port Desire IN primis Seales bay standeth vnto the Southwards of Port Desire 12 leagues Southsouthwest Furthermore vnto the Southwards of Seales bay 3 leagues you shall haue very low land Also more vnto the Southwards of Seales bay 7 leagues in the heighth of 48 degrees 40 minuts you shall see a râ—cke 5 leagues off the shore the land lying Southwest and by South Item In the latitude of 49 degrees ½ you shall see a small flat Iland about a league and an halfe off the shore the land lying Sâ—utâ—west and by South Furtheâ—more from the latitude of 49 degrees vnto the lâ—tâ—tude of 50 degrees the land lieth Souâ—h and by West and is high land Item From the latâ—tude of 50 degrees vnto the latitude of 50 degrees 40 minuts the land lieth Southwest and by South Furthermore frâ—m the latitude of 50 dâ—grees 40 minuts vnto the latitude of 52 degrees 17 minuts the land lieth South and by West North and by East Item In the sayd latitude of 52 degrees 17 minuts there goeth in an harborow which is to be knowen by a long beache that lieth on the South side of the harborow Moreouer the sayd harborow standeth 12 leagues vnto the Northwards of Cape Ioy. Furthermore from the latitude of 52 degrees 17 mâ—nuts vnto the latitude of 52 dâ—grees 40 minuts in which heigâ—h standeth Cape Ioy the land lieth Southsoutheast and Northnorthwest Item Comming from the Northwards yâ—u shall see before you come â—o Cape Ioy a very long beach about the length of 8 leagues being 5 leagues short of the cape vnto the Northwards Also vnto the Southwards of the cape you shall see another beach about a league long adioyning hard vnder the cape about which beach is the entrance of the Streights of Magellan the which Straights me in breadth sixâ— leagues ouer from the cape vnto the South shore lying South and by East Item From Cape Ioy being the entrance of the streight of Magellan vnto the first narrow passage of the sayd streight the course is West and by North and East and by South and are distant 18 leagues the land being in breadth from the one side to the other one league Item From the first narrow vnto the second narrow passage the course is West by Southâ— and East and by North and the distance is 12 leagues and in breadth the one side is from the other about two leagues ouer Item From the second narrow vnto the islands that be called Elizabeth Bartholomew and Penguin ilands the distance is 5 leagues and the course is Southwest and Northeast the ilandâ— being distant a league and an halfe the one from the other Item From the sayd ilands vnto Port Famine is 16 leagues the course is Southsouthwest and Northnortheast Moreouer from Port Famine vnto Cape Froward the course is South and by West and North and by East and they are distant 8 leagues asunder Item From Cape Froward
vnto S. Ieromes riuer is 16 leagues the course is Northwest and Southeast Also from S. Ieromes riuer vnto the vttermost land on the South side the which is called Cabo Deseado the course is Northwest somewhat to the Northward and are distant 30 leagues So the whole length of the streight of Magellan is 105 leagues A note of the lying of the lands in the South sea IN primis There stand in the latitude of 52 degrees and 50 minuts three or foure ilands â—bout 8 leagues from Cabo Deseado the course is Northnorthwest and Southsoutheast Anâ— those ilands stand in the mouth of the streight of Magellan as the going into the South sea Item From the latitude of 52 degrees 50 minuts vnto the latitude of 51 degrees the land â—â—eth Northnortheast and Southsouthwest Item From the latitude of 50 degrees vnto the latitude of 38 degrees and 30 minuts thâ— land lieth Northeast and by North Southwest and by South Item From the latitude of 38 degrees 30 minuts vnto the latitude of 37 degrees 14 minutâ— the land lieth North and South Item From the iland of S. Marie being in the latitude of 37 degrees 14 min. vnto the heighth of 36 degrees 14 minuts in which height standeth The bay of Conception the course is Northeast and Southwest and the distance 12 leagues Item From the latitude of 36 degrees 40 minuts vnto the latitude of 35 degrees 20 minuts the land lieth Northeast and by North Southwest and by South Item From the latitude of 35 degrees 20 minuts vnto the latitude of 33 degrees 30 minutsâ— the land lieth Norâ—hnortheast and Southsouthwest Item In the latitude of 34 degrees you shall see about fiue miles off from the shore a banke oâ— sand on the which you shall haue but shoald water Item From the latitude of â—3 degrees 20 minuts vnto the latitude of 29 degrees 20 minuts the land lieth Northnortheast and Southsouthwest Item From the latitude of 29 degrees 20 minuts vnto the latitude of 27 degrees 40 minuts the land lieth Northnortheast and Southsouthwest Item In the latitude of 29 degrees 20 minuts there lie two ilands distant 4 leagues asunder and about one league from the maine Item From the latitude of 27 degrees 40 minuts vnto the latitude of 23 degrees 30 minuts the land lieth North and by East South and by West Item From the latitude of 25 degrees vnto the latitude of 23 degrees and 30 minuts the land is very high Item From the latitude of 23 degrees vnto the latitude of 22 degrees the land lieth Northnortheast and Southsouthwest Item From the latitude of 22 degrees vnto the latitude of 18 degrees and 30 minuts the land lieth North and by East South and by West Item From the latitude of 18 degrees 30 minuts vnto the latitude of 18 degrees the land lieth Northwest and by West Southeast and by East Item From the latitude of 18 degrees vnto the latitude of 13 degrees 30 minuts the land lieth Northwest and Southeast in which heigth there lie two or three ilands which ilands lie off a place where are two townes called Paraca and Pisea Item From the latitude of 13 degrees 30 minuts vnto the latitude of 11 degrees 30 minuts the land lieth Northnorthwest and Southsoutheast Item From the latitude of 11 degrees 50 minuts vnto the latitude of 6 degrees the laâ—d â—ieth North and by West South and by East Also you shall see two ilands which be called The Ilands of Lobos that stand in the latitude of 6 degrees Item From the latitude of 6 degrees vnto the latitude of 5 degrees the land lieth Northwest and by West Southeast and by East Item From the latitude of 5 degrees vnto the latitude of 4 degrees the land lieth Northwest and Southeast in which height of 4 degrees standeth Cape Blanco Item From the latitude of 4 degrees vnto the latitude of 2 degrees 50 minuts in which latituâ—â— of 2 degrees 50 minuts standeth the iland of Puna tâ—e course is Northeast and Southwest A note of the distance betweene câ—rteine places on the coasts of Chili and Peru. IN primis From the iland of Mocha vnto the iland of S. Mary the course is North and Sâ—uâ—h and the distaâ—ce is 25 leaguâ—s Item From the iland of S. Maâ—y vnto the bay of Conâ—eption the course is Northeast and Southwest and the distance is 12 leagues Item From the bay of Conception vnto the port of Valpariso the course is Northnortheast and Soutâ—southwest and the distance is 80 leagues Item From the port of Valpariso vnto the bay of Quintero the course is Northeast and by North and Southwâ—st and South and the distance is 7 leagues In which bay of Quintero there lieth one small iland Item From the bay of Quintero vnto the bay of Coquimbo the course is Northnortheast and Southsouthwest and the distance is 72 leagues in which height stand two ilands Item From the bay of Coquimbo vnto the bay of Copiapo the course is Northnortheast and Southsouthweâ—t and the distance is 55 leagues in which height standeth one iland Item From the bay of Copiapo vnto the bay of Morro moreno the course is Northnortheast and Southsoutâ—west and the distance is 70 leagues Item From the bay of Morro moreno vnto the bay of Arica the course is North by East South by West and the distance is 90 leaguâ—s in which bay of Arica standeth one small â—â—land Item From the bay of Arica vnto the bay oâ— Parraca the course is Northwest and Southeast and the distance is 120 leagues in which bay of Parraca stand three or foure ilands Item From the bay of Parraca vnto the bay of Lima the course is Northwest and by North Southeast and by Souâ—h and the distance is 35 leagues in the bay of Lima is one iland Item From the bay of Lima vnto the bay of Cherrepe the course is North by West South and by East and the distance is 90 leagues Item From the bay of Cherrepe vnto the bay of Paita it is 45 leagues the course is 20 leags Westnorthwest vnto two ilands that be called The ilands of Lobos and from thence vnto the â—ay of Paita it is 25 leagues the course is North and by East Item From Paita vnto Cape Blanco the course is North and by West South and by East and the distaâ—ce is 25 leagues Item From Cape Blanco vnto the iland of Puna the course is Eastnortheast and Westsouthwest and the distance is 25 leagues and you shall see one iland that is called Santa Clara which standeth 10 leagues to the Southward of Puna A note of certeine places vnto the Northwards of the Line IN primis From Cape Blanco vnto Cape S. Laurence the course is North by East South and by West and the distance 60 leagues Item From Cape S. Lorenço vnto
knowen because it is fullers earth and the like I haue not seene in all that Countrey A head of Foxe nose a league from the shoare there are 15. fadome betwixt Foxe nose and Zolatitsa there are 6. leagues I meane the Southerly part of Foxe nose Sunday I sounded the barre of Zolatitsa which the Russes told me was a good hardorow but in the best of it I found but 4. foote water Munday I had the latitude in 66. degrees and then was point Pentecost sixe leagues South of vs. Wednesday I went on land at Crosse Island and tooke the latitude which was 66. degrees 24. minutes We being one league Northeast of Crosse Island I sawe the land on the Eastside which I iudged to be Cape good fortune and it was then Eastsoutheast of vs 9. leagues Cape grace is 7. leagues and a halfe Northeast from Crosse Island There are 2. Islands 5. leagues Northnortheast from Cape grace the Southermost of them is a little long Island almost a mile long and the Northermost a little round Island and they are both hard aboord the shore Cape Race is from the Southermost Island North and by West and betweene them are two leagues and from that and halfe a league Northnorthwest there is another poynt Betweene which poynt and Cape Race the Russes haue a Stanauish or harborow for their Lodias and to the Westwards of the said poynt there is a shoale bay Three leagues and a halfe to Northwards of Cape Race we had the latitude on the 10. day of this moneth in 67. degrees 10. minutes Riding within half a league of the shoare in this latitude I found it to be a full sea at a North and by East moone I had where we roade two and twentie fadoome and the tallow which is taken vp is full of great broken shels and some stones withall like vnto small sand congealed together From a South sunne that wee weyed the winde being at North and by East wee driued to the windwards halfe the ebbe with the ships head to the Eastwards And then when we cast her head to the Westwards we sounded and had 22. fadome broken shels and gray sand this present day was very mistie with frost on the shrowds as the mist fell Friday in the morning at an East sunne the mist brake vp a little the winde being at North and by West a stiffe gale our shrowdes and roapes ouer head being conered with frost and likely to be a â—â—orme I thought it good to seeke an harborow and so plied roome with the Islands which are two leagues to the Southwards of Cape Race and within these Islands thankes bee to God we found harborow for vs. It higheth at these Islands two fadome water it floweth in the harborow at this place at a Southsoutheast moone ful sea and a sea boord it floweth at a Southsouthwest moone a full sea The Russes call this Island Tri Ostroue You may come in betweene the little Island and the great Island and keepe you in the mids of the Sound and if you borrowe on any side let it bee on the greatest Island and you shall haue at a low water foure fadome and three fadome and a halfe and three fadome vntill that you be shot so farre in as the narrowest which is betweene the Northermost point of the greatest Island and the Southerne point of the maine which is right against it and then hale to the Northwards with the crosse which standeth in the maine and you shall haue at a lowe water 10. foote water and faire sand And if you be disposed to goe through the Sound to the Southwards keepe the Northwest shoare aboorde for on the Island side after you be shotte so farre in as the crosse it is a shoale of rockes halfe the sound ouer which rockes do last vnto the Southerly part of the great Island and rather to the Southwards And if you be constrained to seeke a harbor for Northerly windes when you come out of the sea hale in with the Southerly part of the great Island giuing the Island a faire birth and as you shoote towards the maine you shall finde roade for all Northerly windes in foure fadome fiue sixe and seuen fadome at a lowe water Also within this great Island if neede bee you may haue a good place to ground a ship in the great Island is almost a mile long and a quarter of a mile ouer This storme of Northerly winde lasted vntill the 16. of this moneth and then the winde came Southerly but we could not get out for Ice I went on shore at the crosse and tooke the latitude which is 66. degrees 58. minutes 30. seconds the variation of the Compasse 3. degrees and a halfe from the North to the East Thursday being faire weather and the winde at North we plied to the winde-wards with sailes and oares wee stopped the flood this day three leagues to the Northwards of Cape Race two miles from the shoare and had twentie faâ—ome water faire gray and blacke sand and broken shels And when the slake came wee wayed and made aboord to the shoare-wards and had within two cables length of the shoare eighteene fadomes faire gray and blacke land a man may finde roade there for a North winde and so to the Westwards Two leagues to the Southward of Corpus Christi poynt you may haue Landfang for a North and by East winde and from that to the Westwards in 23. fadome almost a mile from shoare and faire sand and amongst the sand little yong small limpets or such like as growe vpon muscles and within two cables length and lesse of the shoare are eighteene fadomes and the sounding aforesaid but the yong limpets more plentifull It was a full sea where we roade almost a mile from shoare at a South and by West moone two leagues to the Southwards of Corpus Christi point is the vttermost land which land and Cape Race lyeth South and halfe a point to Westwards and North and halfe a point to the Eastwards and betweene them are sixe leagues Riding this day sixe leagues to the Northwards of Cape Race the winde at Northnorthwest with mist and frost at noone the sunne appeared through the mist so that I had the latitude in 67. degrees 29. minutes Munday we were thwart of Corpus Christi point two leagues and a halfe from shoare or rather more where we sounded and had 36. fadoms and broken cocle shels with brannie sand but the broken shels very thicke Tuesday in the morning we were shotte a head of Cape gallant which the Russes call Sotinoz And as we were shot almost halfe a league betwixt it and Cape comfort the wind came vp at the Northwest and after to the Northwards so that we were faine to beare roome to seeke a harbour where we found good harbour for all windes and the least 7. fadome water betweene S. Iohns Islands
sixe degrees 40 minutes Then we went north and by West because we would not come too nigh the land and running that course foure houres we discouered and had sight of Rost Islands ioining to the main land of Finmarke Thus continuing our course along the coast of Norway and Finmark the 27 day we tooke the Sunne being as farre shot as Lofoot and had the latitude in 69 degrees And the same day in the afternoone appeared ouer our heads a rainebow like a semicircle with both ends vpwarde Note that there is between the said Rost Islands Lofoot a whirle poole called Malestrand which from halfe ebbe vntill halfe flood maketh such a terrible noise that it shaketh the ringes in the doores of the inhabitants houses of the sayd Islands tenne miles off Also if there commeth any Whale within the current of the same they make a pitifull crie Moreouer if great trees be caried into it by force of streams and after with the ebbe be cast out againe the ends and boughs of them haue bene so beaten that they are like the stalkes of hempe that is bruised Note that all the coaste of Finmarke is high mountaines and hils being couered all the yere with snow And hard aboord the shoare of this coast there is 100 or 150 fadomes of water in depth Thus proceeding and sailing forward we fell with an Island called Zenam being in the latitude of 70 degrees About this Island we saw many Whales very moÌ„strous about our ships some by estimation of 60 foot long and being the ingendring time they roared and cried terriblie From thence we fell with an Island called Kettelwicke This coast from Rost vnto Lofoot lieth North and south and from Lofoot to Zenam Northeast and southwest and from Zenam to Kettelwike Eastnortheast and Westsouthwest From the said Kettelwike we sailed East and by North 10 leagues and fell with a land called Inger sound where we fished being becalmed and tooke great plenty of Cods Thus plying along the coast we fell with a Cape called the North Cape which is the Northermost land that wee passe in our voyage to S. Nicholas and is in the latitude of 71 degrees and ten minutes and is from Inger sound East and to the Northwards 15 leagues And being at this North Cape the second day of Iuly we had the sunne at North 4 degrees aboue the Horizon The third day wee came to Wardhouse hauing such mists that we could not see the land This Wardhouse is a Castle standing in an Island 2 miles from the maine of Finland subiect to the king of Denmarke and the Eastermost land that he hath There are two other Islands neere adioining vnto that whereon the Castle of Wardhouse standeth The inhabitants of those three Islands liue onely by fishing and make much stockefish which they dry with frost their most feeding is fish bread and drinke they haue none but such as is brought them from other places They haue small store of cattell which are also fed with fish From Wardhouse we sailed Southsoutheast ten leagues and fell with a Cape of land called Kegor the Northermost part of the lande of Lappia And betweene Wardhouse and the said Cape is a great Bay called Dommes haff in the South part whereof is a Monasterie of Monkes of the Russes religion called Pechinchow Thus proceeding forward and sayling along the coast of the said land of Lappia winding Southeast the fourth day through great mists and darkenes we lost the company of the other three ships and met not with them againe vntill the seuenth day when we fell with a Cape or headland called Swetinoz which is the entring into the Bay of S. Nicholas At this Cape lieth a great stone to the which the barkes that passed thereby were wont to make offrings of butter meale and other victuals thinking that vnlesse they did so their barkes or vessels should there perish as it hath bene oftentimes seene and there it is very darke and mistie Note that the sixt day we passed by the place where Sir Hugh Willoughbie with all his company perished which is called Arzina reca that is to say the riuer Arzina The land of Lappia is an high land hauing snow lying on it commonly all the yere The people of the Countrey are halfe Gentiles they liue in the summer time neere the sea side and vse to take fish of the which they make bread and in the winter they remoue vp into the countrey into the woods where they vse hunting and kill Deere Beares Woolues Foxes and other beasts with whose flesh they be nourished and with their skinnes apparelled in such strange fashion that there is nothing seene of them bare but their eies They haue none other habitation but onely in tents remouing from place to place according to the season of the yeere They know no arte nor facultie but onely shooting which they exercise dayly as well men as women and kill such beasts as serue them for their foode Thus proceeding along the coast from Swetinoz aforesaid the ninth day of Iuly wee came to Cape Grace being in the latitude of 66 degrees and 45 minutes and is at the entring in of the Bay of S. Nicholas Aboord this land there is 20 or 30 fadoms water and sundry grounds good to anker in The current at this Cape runneth Southwest and Northeast From this Cape wee proceeded along vntill we came to Crosse Island which is seuen leagues from the sayd Cape Southwest and from this Island wee set ouer to the other side of the Bay and went Southwest and fell with an headland called Foxenose which is from the sayd Island 25 leagues The entring of this Bay from Crosse Island to the neerest land on the other side is seuen leagues ouer From Foxenose proceeding forward the twelfth day of the sayd moneth of Iuly all our foure ships arriued in safetie at the road of Saint Nicholas in the land of Russia where we ankered and had sailed from London vnto the said roade seuen hundred and fifty leagues The Russian ambassadour and his company with great ioy got to shore and our ships here forthwith discharged themselues and being laden againe and hauing a faire winde departed toward England the first of August The third of the sayd moneth I with other of my company came vnto the citie of Colmogro being an hundred versâ—es from the Bay of Saint Nicholas and in the latitude of 64 degrees 25 minutes I carried at the said Colmogro vntill the fifteenth day and then I departed in a little boate vp the great riuer of Dwina which runneth very swiftly and the selfe same day passed by the mouth of a riuer called Pinego leauing it on our lefte hand fifteene verstes from Colmogro On both sides of the mouth of this riuer Pinego is high land great rockes of Alablaster great woods and Pineapple trees lying along within the ground
thence till the 23. foure a clocke in the morning they sailed Southsouthwest three leagues and a halfe then could they get no ground in two and fiftie fathoms deepe From thence vntill noone they sayled South nine leagues then the latitude obserued was 42. degrees 20. minuts From that till the 24. day at noone they sayled South by West seuenteene leagues and a halfe then the latitude obserued was 41. degrees 32. minuts From noone till seuen of the clocke at night they sailed Southsouthwest foure leagues then had they perfect sight of high land or hilles which were almost couered with snow and the mids of them were West from the ship being then about twelue leagues from the nearest land they sounded but could finde no ground in two hundred fathoms From thence they sailed Southwest vntil midnight about three leagues from thence till the 25. day foure of the clock in the morning they sayled West three leagues being then litle winde and neere the land they tooke in their sayles and lay hulling at noone the latitude obserued was 40. degrees 54. minuts they sounded but could get no ground in two hundred fathoms At four of the clocke in the afternoone the winde Northwest they set their sailes from thence till the 26. day at noone they sailed East southeast foure leagues From thence they sailed till eight of the clocke at night Southwest three leagues the winde then at North. From thence they sailed vntill the 27. day two of the clocke in the morning Westsouthwest eight leagues the winde blowing at North very much From the sayd two til foure of the clocke they sailed South by West one league then being day light they saw the land plaine which was not past three leagues from them being very high ragged land There were certaine rocks that lay farre off into the sea about fiue leagues from the same land which are called Barmake Tashâ— they sayled betweene those rocks and the land and about fiue of the clocke they passed by the port Bilbill where they should haue put in but could not and bearing longst the shoare about two of the clocke afternoone they came to Bildih in the countrey of Media or Sheruan against which place they ankered in 9. foot water Presently after they were at anker there came aboord of them a boat wherein were seuen or eight persons two Turks the rest Persians the Turkes vassals which bade them welcome and seâ—med to be glad of their arriuall who told the factors that the Turke had conquered all Media or the countrey Sheruan and how that the Turks Basha remained in Derbent with a garrison of Turkes and that Shamaky was wholly spoyled and had few or no inhabitants left in it The factours then being desirous to come to the speech of the Basha sent one of the Tisikes or merchants that went ouer with them from Astracan passingers and one of the companies seruants Robert Golding with those souldiours to the captaine of Bachu which place standeth hard by the sea to certifie him of their arriuall and what commodities they had brought and to desire friendshippe to haue quiet and safe traffike for the sâ—me Bachu is from Bildih the place where they road about a dayes iourney on foote easily to be trauelled which may be sixe leagues the next way ouer land it is a walled towne and strongly fortified When the sayd messenger came to the captaine of Bachu the said captaine gaue him very friendly intertainment and after he vnderstood what they were that were come in the shippe and what they had brought he seemed to reioyce much thereat who gaue the said Golding licence to depart backe the next day being the eight and twentieth day and promised that he would himselfe come to the shippe the neâ—t day following with which answere the said Golding returned and came to the shippe the sayd eight and twentieth day about nine of the clocke at night The nine and twentieth day in the morning the factours caused a tent to be set vp at shoare neare the shippe against the comming of the sayd captaine who came thither about three of the clocke after noone and brought about thirtie souldiers that attended on him in shirts â—â— male and some of them had gauntlets of siluer others of steele and very faire The factors met him at their tent and after very friendly salutations passed betweene them they gaue him for a present a garment of cloth of veluet and another of scarlet who accepted the same gratefully After they had talked together by their interpretors as well of the state of the voyage and cause of their comming thither as also learned of the sayde captaine the state of that countrey the factours made request vnto him that he would helpe them to the speech of the Basha who answered that their demand was reasonable and that he would willingly shew them therein what pleasure he could and sayd because the way to Derbent where the Basha remayned was dangerous he would send thither and certifie him of their arriuall and what commodities they had brought and such commodities as they would desire to exchange or barter the same for he would procure the said Basha to prouide for them and therefore willed the factors to consult together and certifie him what they most desired and what quantitie they would haue prouided so whilest the factors were consulting together thereupon the captaine talked with a Tisike merchant that came ouer in the ship with them from Astracan which Tisike among other matters in talke certified the captaine that the night before the factors their company were determined to haue returned backe againe to Astracan and that they were about to wey their ankers which in deed was true but the maister of the barke Thomas Hudson of Limehouse perswaded them that the wind was not good for them to depart c. When the factors came againe to talke with the captaine they desired to goe to the Basha and that he would safely conduct them thither he granted their requests willingly desiring them to goe with him to a village hard by and there to abide with him that night and the next day they should go to Bachu and from thence proceede on their iourney to Derbent They were vnwilling to go that night with him because their prouision for the way was not in readinesse but requested that they might stay til the morning Thereupon the captaine sayd it was reported vnto him that they ment the night before to haue gone away and if it should so happen he were in great danger of loosing his head for which cause he requested to haue some one for a pledge wherefore M. Garrard one of the factors offered himselfe to go who because he could not speake the Russe tongue tooke with him Christopher Burrough and a Russe interpretour that night they road from the seaside to a village about ten miles off where at supper time the
good and as you may most conueniently and from Willoughbies land you shall proceed Westwards alongst the tract of it though it incline Northerly euen so farre as you may or can trauell hauing regard that in conuenient time you may returne home hither to London for wintering And for your orderly passing in this voyage and making obseruations in the same we referre you to the instructions giuen by M. William Burrough whereof one copie is annexed vnto the first part of this Indenture vnder our seale for you Arthur Pet another copie of it is annexed to the second part of this Indenture vnder our seale also for you Charles Iackman and a third copy thereof is annexed vnto the third part of this Indenture remaining with vs the saide companie sealed and subscribed by you the said Arthur Pet and Charles Iackman And to the obseruing of all things contained in this Commission so neere as God will permit me grace thereunto I the said Arthur Pet doe couenant by these presents to performe them and euery part and parcell thereof And I the said Charles Iackman doe for my part likewise couenant by these presents to performe the same and euery part thereof so neere as God will giue me grace thereunto And in witnes thereof these Indentures were sealed and deliuered accordingly the day and yeere first aboue written Thus the Lorde God Almightie sende you a prosperous voyage with happie successe and safe returne Amen Instructions and notes very necessary and needfull to be obserued in the purposed voyage for discouery of Cathay Eastwards by Arthur Pet and Charles Iackman giuen by M. William Burrough 1580. VVHen you come to Orfordnesse if the winde doe serue you to goe a seabord the sands doe you set off from thence and note the time diligently of your being against the saide Nesse turning then your glasse whereby you intende to keepe your continuall watch and apoint such course as you shal thinke good according as the wind serueth you and froÌ„ that time forwards continually if your ship be lose vnder saile a hull or trie do you at the end of euery 4. glasses at the least except calme sound with your dipsin lead and note diligently what depth you finde and also the ground But if it happen by swiftnes of the shippes way or otherwise that you cannot get ground yet note what depth you did proue and could finde no ground this note is to be obserued all your voyage as well outwards as home wards But when you come vpon any coast or doe finde any sholde banke in the sea you are then to vse your leade oftener as you shal thinke it requisite noting diligently the order of your depth and the deeping and sholding And so likewise doe you note the depthes into harboroughs riuers c. And in keeping your dead reckoning it is very necessary that you doe note at the ende of euery foure glasses what way the shippe hath made by your best proofes to be vsed and howe her way hath bene through the water considering withall for the sagge of the sea to leewards accordingly as you shall finde it growen and also to note the depth and what things worth the noting happened in that time with also the winde vpon what point you finde it then and of what force or strength it is and what sailes you beare But if you should omit to note those things at the end of euery foure glasses I would not haue you to let it slip any longer time then to note it diligently at the end of euery watch or eight glasses at the farthest Doe you diligently obserue the latitude as often and in as many places as you may possible and also the variation of the Compasse especially when you may bee at shoare vpon any land noting the same obseruations truely and the place and places where and the time and times when you do the same When you come to haue sight of any coast or land whatsoeuer doe you presently set the same with your sailing Compasse howe it beares off you noting your iudgement how farre you thinke it from you drawing also the forme of it in your booke howe it appeares vnto you noting diligently how the highest or notablest part thereof beareth off you and the extreames also in sight of the same land at both ends distinguishing them by letters A. B.C. c. Afterwards when you haue sailed 1. 2. 3. or 4. glasses at the most noting diligently what way your barke hath made and vpon what point of the Compasse do you againe set that first land seene or the parts thereof that you first obserued if you can well perceiue or discerne them and likewise such other notable points or signes vpon the land that you may then see and could not percâ—iue at the first time distinguishing it also by letters from the other and drawing in your booke the shape of the same land as it appeareth vnto you and so the third time c. And also in passing alongst by any and euery coast doe you drawe the maner of biting in of euery Bay and entrance of euery harborow or riuers mouth with the lying out of euery point or headland vnto the which you may giue apt names at your pleasure and make some marke in drawing the forme and border of the same where the high cliffs are and where lowe lande is whether sande hils or woods or whatsoeuer not omitting to note any thing that may be sensible and apparant to you which may serue to any good purpose If you carefully with great heede and diligence note the obseruations in your booke as aforesaid and afterwards make demonstration thereof in your plat you shall thereby perceiue howe farre the land you first sawe or the parts thereof obserued was then from you and consequently of all the rest and also how farre the one part was from the other and vpon what course or point of the Compasse the one lieth from the other And when you come vpon any coast where you find floods and ebs doe you diligently note the time of the highest and lowest water in euery place and the slake or still water of full sea and lowe water and also which way the flood doeth runne how the tides doe set how much water it hicth and what force the tide hath to driue a ship in one houre or in the whole tide as neere as you can iudge it and what difference in time you finde betwene the running of the flood and the ebbe And if you finde vpon any coast the currant to runne alwayes one way doe you also note the same duely how it setteth in euery place and obserue what force it hath to driue a ship in one houre c. Item as often and when as you may conueniently come vpon any land to make obseruation for the latitude and variation c. doe you also if you may with your instrument for trying of distances obserue the platforme
or receiued for vs or in our name or to our vse or for or in the names or to the vses of our heires or successors of any person or persons any summe or summes of money or other things whatsoeuer during the said terme of ten yeeres for or in the name lieu or place of any Custome subsidie or other thing or duetie to vs our heires or successors due or to be due for the Customes or subsidies of any such goods wares or marchandizes to be transported caried or brought to or from the priuileged places before in these presents mentioned or any of them nor make nor cause to be made any entry into or of the bookes of subsidies or customes nor make any agreement for the Customes or subsidies of or for any goods wares or marchandizes to bee sent to or returned from any the priuileged places before in these presents mentioned sauing onely with and in the name and by the consent of the saide William Brayley Gilbert Smith Nicholas Spicer Iohn Doricot Iohn Yong Richard Doderige Antonie Dassel and Nicholas Turner or of some of them or of such as they or the most part of them shall receiue into their societie and Company as aforesaid Prouided alwaies that if at any time hereafter we our selues by our writing signed with our proper hand or any sixe or more of our priuie Counsell for the time being shall by our direction and by writing signed and subscribed with their hands signifie and notifie to the said William Brayley Gilbert Smith Nicholas Spicer Iohn Doricot Iohn Yong Richard Doderige Anthony Dassell and Nicholas Turner or to any of them or to any other whom they or the most part of them shal receiue into their Companie and society as is aforesaid or otherwise to our officers in our ports of Exeter or Plimouth by them to be notified to such as shall haue interest in this speciall priuilege that our will and pleasure is that the said trade and trafique shal cease and be no longer continued into the saide coasts and partes of Guinea before limited then immediatly from and after the ende of sixe moneths next insuing after such signification notification so to be giuen to any of the said Company and societie as is aforesaid or otherwise to our Officers in our ports of Exeter or Plimouthâ— by them to be notified to such as shall haue interest in this speciall priuilege these our present letters Patents and our graunt therein contained shall be vtterly voyde and of none effect ne validitie in the lawe to all intents and purposes any thing before mentioned to the contrary in any wise notwithstanding Witnesse our selfe at Westminster the thirde day of May in the thirtieth yere of our Reigne 1588. A voyage to Benin beyond the Countrey of Guinea set foorth by Master Bird and Master Newton Marchants of London with a shippe called the Richard of Arundell and a Pinesse Written by Iames Welsh who was chiefe Master of the said voyage begunne in the yeere 1588. VPon the twelft of October wee wayed our ankers at Ratcliffe and went to Blackwall And the next day sayling from thenceâ— by reason of contrary winde and weather wee made it the 25. of October before wee were able to reach Plimouth and there we stayed to our great expense of victuals for lacke of winde and weather vnto the 14. of December On Saturday the said 14. of December we put from thence and about midnight were thwart of the Lizart Thursday the second of Ianuary wee had sight of the land neere Rio del oro God be thanked and there had 22. degrees of latitude and 47. minutes The thirde of Ianuary wee had sight of Cauo de las Barbas and it bare Southeast fiue leagues off The 4. we had sight of the Crosiers in the morning Tuesday the 7. day we had sight of Cauo verde and I finde this place to be in latitude 14. degrees and 43. minutes being 4. leagues from the shoare Friday the 17. Cauo de Monte bare off vs North Northeast we sounded and had 50. fathom blacke oase and at 2. of the clocke it bare North Northwest 8. leagues off And Cauo Mensurado bare of vs East and by South and wee went Northeast with the maine here the currant setteth to the East Southeast alongst the shoare and at midnight wee sounded and had 26. fathome blacke oase The 18. in the morning we were thwart of a laâ—d much like Cauo verde and it is as I iudge 9. leagues from Cauo Mensurado it is a hill sadlebacked and there are 4. or 5. one after another and 7. leagues to the Southward of that we saw a row of hils sadlebacked also and from Cauo Mensurado are many mountaines The 19. we were thwart Rio de Sestos and the 20. Cauo dos Baixos was North by West 4. leagues off the shoare and at afternoone there came a boate from the shoare with 3. Negroes from a place as they say called Tabanoo And towards euening we were thwart of an Island and a great many of small Islands or rockes to the Southward and the currant came out of the Souther-boord we sounded and had 35. fathomes The 21. wee had a flat hill that bare North Northeast off vs and wee were from the shoare 4. leagues and at 2. a clocke in the afternoone we spake with a Frenchman riding neere a place called Ratire and another place hard by called Crua This Frenchman caried a letter from vs to M. Newton wee layd it on hull while wee were writing of our letter and the current set vs to the Southward a good pase alongst the shoare South Southeast The 25. we were in the hight of the bay that is to the Westward of Capo de Tres puntaâ—â— the currant did set East Northeast The 28. we lay sixe glasses a hull tarying for the pinesse The last of Ianuary the middle part of Cape de tres puntas was thwart of vs three leagues at seuen of the clocke in the morning and at eight the pinesse came to an anker and wee prooued that the current setteth to the Eastward and at sixe at night the vttermost lande bare East and by South 5. leagues and we went Southwest and Southwest and by South Saturday the first of February 1588. we were thwart of a Round foreland which I take to be the Eastermost part of Capo de tres puntas and within the said Round foreland was a great bay with an Island in the said bay The second of February wee were thwart of the Castle of Mina and when the thirde glasse of our Looke-out was spent we spied vnder our Larbord-quarter one of their Boates with certaine Negroes and one Portugale in the Boate wee would haue had him to come aboord but he would not And ouer the castle vpon the hie rockes we did see as it might be two watch-houses and they did
and made in the yeere of our Lord 1576. THe 7. of Iune being Thursday the two Barks viz. the Gabriel and the Michael our Pinnesse set saile at Ratcliffe and bare down to Detford and there we ancred the cause was that our Pinnesse burst her boultspriâ— and forâ—mâ—st aboard of a ship that rode at Detford else wee meant to haue past that day by the Court then at Grenewich The 8. day being Friday about 12 of the clocke we wayed at Detford and set saile all three of vs and bare downe by the Court where we shotte off our ordinance and made the best shew we could Her Maiestie beholding the same commended it and bade vs farewell with shaking her hand at vs out of the window Afterward shee sent a Gentleman aboord of vs who declared that her Maiestie had good liking of our doings and thanked vs for it and also willed our Captaine to come the next day to the Court to take his leaue of her The same day towards night M. Secretarie Woolly came aboorde of vs and declared to the company that her Maiestie had appointed him to giue them charge to be obedient and diligent to their Captaine and gouernours in all things and wished vs happie successe The 12. day being ouer against Grauesend by the castle or blockehouse we obserued the latitude which was 51. degrees 33. minâ— And in that place the variation of the Compasse is 11. degrees and a halfe The 24. day at 2. of the clocke after noone I had sight oâ— Faire yle being from vs 6. leagues North and by East and when I brought it Northwest and by North it did rise at the Southermost ende with a litle hommocke and swâ—mpe in the middes The 25. day from 4. to 8. a clocke in the forenoone the winde at Northwest and by North a fresh gale I cast about to the Westward the Southermost head of Shotland called Swinborne head Northnorthwest from me and the land of Faire yle West Southwest from me I sailed directly to the North head of that said land scunding as I ranne in hauing 60. 50. and 40. fathoms and gray redde shels and within halfe a mile of that Island there are 36. fathoms for I sailed to that Island to see whether there were any roadesteede for a Northwest winde and I found by my sounding hard rockes and foule ground and deepe water within two cables length of the shoare 28. fathome and so did not ancre but plied to and fro with my foresaile and mizen till it was a high water vnder the Island The tide setteth there Northwest and Southeast the flood setteth Southeast and the ebbe Northwest The 26. day hauing the winde at South a faire gale sayling from Faire yle to Swinborne head I did obserue the latitude the Island of Fowlay being West Northwest froÌ„ me 6. leagues and Swinborne head East southeast from me I found my eleuation to be 37. degr and my declination 22. degr 46. min. So that my latitude was 59. degr 46. min. At that present being neere to Swinborne head hauing a leake which did trouble vs as also to take in fresh water I plyed roome with a sound which is called S. Tronions and there did ancre in seuen fathoms water and faire sande You haue comming in the sounds mouth in the entring 17.15.12.10.9.8 and 7. fathoms and the sound lyeth in North northwest and there we roade to a West sunne stopped our leake and hauing refreshed our selues with water at a North northwest sunne I set saile from S. Tronions the winde at South Southest and turned out till wee were cleare of the sound and so sailed West to go cleare of the Island of Fowlay And running off toward Fowlay I sounded hauing fiftie fathome and streâ—mâ—e ground and also I sounded Fowlay being North from mee one league off that Islande hauing fiftie fathome at the South head and streamie ground like broken otmell and one shell being redde and white like mackerell The 27. day at a South sunne I did abserue the latitude the Island of Fowlay being from me two leagues East Northeast I found my selfe to be in latitude 59. degrees 59. min. truly obserued the winde at South Southwest I sailed West and by North. From 12. to foure a clocke afternoone the wind at South a faire gale the shippe sailed West and by North 6. leagues and at the ende of this watch I sounded hauing 60. fathome with little stones and shels the Island from vs 8. leagues East The first of Iuly from 4. to 8. a clocke wee sailed West 4. glasses 4. leagues and at that present we had so much winde that we spooned afore the sea Southwest 2. leagues The 3. day we found our Compasse to bee varied one point to the Westwards this day from 4. to 8. a clocke we sailed West and by North 6. leagues From 8. to 12. a clocke at noone West and by North 4. leagues At that present I found our Compasse to be varied 11. deg and one 4. part to the Westwards which is one point The 11 day at a Southeast sunne we had sight of the land of Friseland bearing from vs West northwest 16. leagues and rising like pinacles of steeples and all couered with snowe I found my selfe in 61. degr of latitude Wee sailed to the shoare and could finde no ground at 150â— fathoms we hoised out our boate and the Captaine with 4. men rowed to the shoare to get on land but the land lying full of yce they could not get on land and so they came aboord againe We had much adoe to get cleare of the yce by reason of the fogge Yet from Thursday 8. a clocke in the morning to Friday at noone we sailed Southwest 20. leagues The 18. day at a Southeast sunne I found the sunne to be eleuated 33. deg And at a Southsoutheast sunne 40. deg So I obserued it till I found it at the highest and then it was eleuated 52. deg I iudged the variation of the Compasse to be 2. points and a halfe to the Westward The 21. day we had sight of a great drift of yce seeming a firme lande and we cast Westward to be cleare of it The 26. we had sight of a land of yce the latitude was 62. degrees and two minutes The 28. day in the morning was very foggie but at the clearing vp of the fogge wee had sight of lande which I supposed to be Labrador with great store of yce about the land I ranne in towards it and sownded but could get no ground at 100. Fathom and the yce being so thicke I could not get to the shoare and so lay off and came cleare of the yce Upon Munday we came within a mile of the shoare and sought a harborowe all the sownd was full of yce and our boate rowing a shoare could get no ground at a 100. fathom within a Cables length of
The 25 of this moneth we departed from sight of this land at sixe of the clocke in the morning directing our course to the Northwestward hoping in Gods mercy to finde our desired passage and so continued aboue foure dayes The 29 of Iuly we discouered land in 64 degrees 15 minutes of latitude bearing Northeast from vs. The winde being contrary to goe to the Northwestwards we bare in with this land to take some view of it being vtterly void of the pester of yce and very temperate Comming neere the coast we found many faire sounds and good roads for shipping and many great inlets into the land whereby we iudged this land to be a great number of Islands standing together Heere hauing mored our barke in good order we went on shoare vpon a small Island to seeke for water and wood Upon this Island we did perceiue that there had bene people for we found a small shoo and pieces of leather sowed with sinewes and a piece of furre and wooll like to Beuer. Then we went vpon another Island on the other side of our shippes and the Captaine the Master and I being got vp to the top of an high rocke the people of the countrey hauing espied vs made a lamentable noise as we thought with great â—uteries and skreechings we hearing them thought it had bene the howling of wolues At last I hallowed againe and they likewise cried Then we perceiuing where they stood some on the shoare and one rowing in a Canoa about a small Island fast by them we made a great noise partly to allure them to vs and partly to warne our company of them Whereupon M. Bruton and the Master of his shippe with others of their company made great haste towards vs and brought our Musicians with them from our shippe purposing either by force to resâ—ue vs if need should so require or with courtesie to allure the people When they came vnto vs we caused our Musicians to play our selues dancing and making many signes of friendship At length there came tenne Canoas from the other Islands and two of them came so neere the shoare where we were that they talked with vs the other being in their boats a prety way off Their pronunciation was very hollow thorow the throat and their speech such as we could not vnderstand onely we allured them by friendly imbracings and signes of curtesie At length one of them pointing vp to the Sunne with his hand would presently strike his breast so hard that we might heare the blow This hee did many times before he would any way trust vs. Then Iohn Ellis the Master of the Moone-shine was appointed to vse his best policie to gaine their friendship who strooke his breast and pointed to the Sunne after their order which when he had diuers times done they beganne to trust him and one of them came on shoare to whom we thrâ—w our cappes stockings and gloues and such other things as then we had about vs playing with our musicke and making signes of ioy and dauncing So the night comming we bade them farewell and went aboord our barks The next morning being the 30 of Iuly there came 37 Canoas rowing by our ships calling to vs to come on shoare we not making any great haste vnto them one of them went vp to the toppe of the rocke and leapt and daunced as they had done the day before shewing vs a seales skinne and another thing made like a timbrell which he did beat vpon with a sticke making a noise like a small drumme Whereupon we manned our boats and came to them they all staying in their Canoas we came to the water side where they were and after we had sworne by the Sunne after their fashion they did trust vs. So I shooke hands with one of them and he kissed my hand and we were very familiar with them We were in so great credit with them vpon this single acquaintance that we could haue any thing they had We bought fiue Canoas of them we bought their clothes from their backs which were all made of seales skinnes birds skinnes their buskins their hose their gloues all being commonly sowed and well dressed so that we were fully perswaded that they haue diuers artificers among them We had a paire of buskins of them full of fine wooll like beuer Their apparell for heat was made of birds skinnes with their feathers on them We saw among them leather dressed like Glouers leather and thicke thongs like white leather of a good length We had of their darts and oares and found in them that they would by no meanes displease vs but would giue vs whatsoeuer we asked of them and would be satisfied with whatsoeuer we gaue them They tooke great care one of another for when we had bought their boats then two other would come and cary him away betweene them that had solde vs his They are very tractable people void of craft or double dealing and easie to be brought to any ciuility or good order but we iudge them to be idolaters and to worship the Sunne During the time of our abode among these Islands we found reasonable quantity of wood both firrâ— spruse and iuniper which whether it came floting any great distance to these places where we found it or whâ—ther it grew in some great Islands neere the same place by vs not yet discouered we know not but we iudge that it groweth there further into the land then we were because the people had great store of darts and oares which they made none account of but gaue them to vs for small trifles as points and pieces of paper We saw about this coast marueilous great abundance of scales skulling together like skuls of small fish We found no fresh water among these Islands but onely snow water whereof we found great pooles The cliffes were all of such oare as M. Frobisher brought from Meta incognita We had diuers shewes of Study or Muscouy glasâ—e shining not altogether vnlike to Christall We found an herbe growing vpon the rocks whose fruit was sweet full of rediuice and the ripe ones were like corinths We found also birch and willow growing like shrubbes low to the ground These people haue great store of furâ—es as we iudge They made shewes vnto vs the 30 of this present which was the second time of our being with them after they perceiued we would haue skinnes and furres that they would go into the countrey and come againe the next day with such things as they had but this night the winde comming faire the captaine and the master would by no meanes detract the purpose of our discouery And so the last of this moneth about foure of the clocke in the morning in Gods name we set saile and were all that day becalmed vpon the coast The first of August we had a faire winde and â—o proceeded towards the Northwest
for our discouery The sixt of August we discouered land in 66 degrees 40 minuts of latitude altogether void from the pester of ice we ankered in a very faire rode vnder a braue mount the cliffes whereof were as orient as golde This mount was named Mount Raleigh The rode where our ships lay at anker was called Toâ—nes rode The sound which did compasse the mount was named Exeter sound The foreland towards the North was called Dierscape The foreland towards the South was named Cape Walsingham So soone as we were come to an anker in Totnes rode vnder Mount Raleigh we espied foure white beares at the foot of the mount we supposing them to be goats or wolues manned our boats aud went towards them but when we came neere the shore we found them to be white beares of a monstrous bignesse we being desirous of fresh victuall and the sport began to assault them and I being on land one of them came downe the hill right against me my piece was charged with hailshot a bullet I discharged my piece and shot him in the necke he roared a litle and tooke the water straight making small account of his hurtâ— Then we followed him with our boat and killed him with boare-speares two more that night We found nothing in their mawes but we iudged by their dung that they fed vpon grasse because it appeared in all respects like the dung of an horse wherein we might very plainly see the very strawes The 7 we went on shore to another beare which lay all night vpon the top of an Island vnder Mount Raleigh and when we came vp to him he lay fast asleep I leuelled at his head and the stone of my piece gaue no fire with that he looked vp and layed downe his head againe then I shot being charged with two bullets and strooke him in the head he being but amazed fell backwards whereupon we ran all vpon him with boare-speares and thrust him in the body yet for all that he gript away our boare-speares and wenâ— towards the water and as he was going downe he came backe againe Then our Master shot his boare-speare and strooke him in the head and made him to take the water and swimme into a coue fast by where we killed him and brought him aboord The breadth of his forefoot from one side to the other was foureteene inches ouer They were very fat so as we were constrained to cast the fat away We saw a rauen vpon Mount Raleigh We found withies also growing like low shrubs flowers like Primroses in the sayd place The coast is very mountainous altogether without wood grasse or earth and is onely huge mountaines of stone but the brauest stone that euer we saw The aire was very moderate in this countrey The 8 we departed from Mount Raleigh coasting along the shoare which lieth Southsouthwest and Eastnortheast The 9 our men fell in dislike of their allowance because it was too small as they thought wherupon we made a new proportion euery messe being fiue to a messe should haue foure pound of bread a day twelue wine quarts of beere six Newland fishes and the flesh dayes a gill of pease more so we restrained them from their butter and cheese The 11 we came to the most Southerly cape of this land which we named The Cape of Gods mercy as being the place of our first entrance for the discouery The weather being very foggy we coasted this North land at length when it brake vp we perceiued that we were shot into a very faire entrance or passage being in some places twenty leagues broad and in sâ—me thirty altogether void of any pester of ice the weather very tolerable and the water of the very colour nature and quality of the maine ocean which gaue vs the greater hope of our passage Hauing sailed Northwest sixty leagues in this entrance we discouered certaine Islands standing in the midst thereof hauing open passage on both sides Wherupon our ships diuided themselues the one sailing on the North side the other on the South side of the sayd Isles where we stayed fiue dayes hauing the winde at Southeast very foggy and foule weather The 14 we went on shoare and found signes of people for we found stones layed vp together like a wall and saw the skull of a man or a woman The 15 we heard dogs houle on the shoare which we thought had bene wolues and therefore we went on shoare to kill them When we came on land the dogges came presently to our boat very gently yet we thought they came to pray vpon vs and therefore we shot at them and killed two and about the necke of one of them we found a leatherne coller wherupon we thought them to be tame dogs There were twenty dogs like mastiâ—es with prickt eares and long bush tailes we found a bone in the pizels of their dogs Then we went farther and found two sleads made like ours in England the one was made of firre spruse and oken boords sawen like inch boords the other was made all of whale bone there hung on the tops of the steads three heads of beasts which they had killed We saw here larks rauens and partridges The 17 we went on shoare and in a little thing made like an ouen with stones I found many small trifles as a small canoa made of wood a piece of wood made like an image a bird made of bone beads hauing small holes in one end of them to hang about their necks other small things The coast was very barren without wood or grasse the rocks were very faire like marble full of vaines of diuers colours We found a seale which was killed not long before being fleane and hid vnder stones Our Captaine and Master searched still for probabilities of the passage and first found that this place was all Islands with great sounds passing betweene them Secondly the water remained of one colour with the maine ocean without altering Thirdly we saw to the West of those Isles three or foure whales in askull which they iudged to come from a Westerly sea because to the Eastward we saw not any whale Also as we were rowing into a very great sound lying Southwest froÌ„ whence these whales came vpon the sudden there came a violent counter-checke of a tide from the Southwest against the flood which we came with not knowing from whence it was mainteined Fiftly in sailing twenty leagues within the mouth of this entrance we had sounding in 90 fadoms faire gray osâ—e sand and the further we ran into the Westwards the deeper was the water so that hard aboord the shoare among these Isles we could not haue ground in 330 fadoms Lastly it did ebbe and flow sixe or seuen fadome vp and downe the flood comming from diuers parts so as we could not perceiue the chiefe maintenance thereof The 18 and 19 our Captaine and Master
practise I thought it would growe to my great disgrace if this action by my negligence should grow into discredite whereupon seeking helpe from God the fountaine of all mercies it pleased his diuine maiestie to moue my heart to prosecute that which I hope shal be to his glory and to the contentation of euery Christian minde Whereupon falling into consideration that the Mermaid albeit a very strong sufficient ship yet by reason of her burthen was not so conuenient and nimble as a smaller bark especially in such desperate hazzards further hauing in account her great charge to the aduentures being at 100. li. the moneth and that in doubtfull seruice all the premisses considered with diuers other things I determined to furnish the Moonelight with reuictualling and sufficient men and to proceede in this action as God should direct me Whereupon I altered our course from the yce and bare Eastsoutheast to recouer the next shore where this thing might be performed so with fauourable winde it pleased God that the first of August we discouered the land in Latitude 66. degrees 33. min. and in longitude from the Meridian of London 70. degrees voyd of trouble without snow or ice The second of August wee harboured our selues in a very excellent good road where with all speed we graued the Moonelight and reuictualled her wee searched this countrey with our pinnesse while the barke was trimming which William Eston did he found all this land to be onely Ilands with a Sea on the East a Sea on the West and a Sea on the North. In this place wee found it very hot and wee were very much troubled with a flie which is called Muskyto for they did sting grieuously The people of this place at our first comming in caught a Seale and with bladders fast tied to him sent him vnto vs with the floud so as hee came right with our shippes which we tooke as a friendly present from them The fift of August I went with the two Masters and others to the toppe of a hill and by the way William Eston espied three Canoas lying vnder a rocke and went vnto them there were in them skinnes darts with diuers superstitious toyes whereof wee diminished nothing but left vpon euery boat a silke point a bullet of lead and a pinne The next day being the sixt of August the people came vnto vs without feare and did barter with vs for skinnes as the other people did they differ not from the other neither in their Canoas nor apparel yet is their pronunciation more plaine then the others and nothing hollow in the throat Our Sauage aboord vs kept himselfe close and made shew that he would faine haue another companion Thus being prouided I departed from this lande the twelft of August at sixe of the clocke in the morning where I left the Mermayd at an anker the foureteenth sailing West about fiftie leagues we discouered land being in latitude 66. degrees 19. minuts this land is 70. leagues from the other from whence we came This fourteenth day from nine a clocke at night till three a clocke in the morning wee ankered by an Iland of yce twelue leagues off the shore being mored to the yce The fifteenth day at three a clocke in the morning we departed from this land to the South and the eighteenth of August we discouered land Northwest from vs in the morning being a very faire promontory in latitude 65. degrees hauing no land on the South Here wee had great hope of a through passage This day at three a clocke in the afternoone wee againe discouered lande Southwest and by South from vs where at night wee were be calmed The nineteenth of this moneth at noone by obseruation we were in 64. degrees 20. minuts From the eighteenth day at noone vnto the nineteenth at noone by precise ordinary care wee had sailed 15. leagues South and by West yet by art and more exact obseruation we found our course to be Southwest so that we plainely perceiued a great current striking to the West This land is nothing in sight but Isles which increaseth our hope This nineteenth of August at sixe a clocke in the afternoone it began to snow and so continued all night with foule weather and much winde so that we were constrained to lie at hull all night fiue leagues off the shore In the morning being the twentieth of August the fogge and storme breaking vp we bare in with the lande and at nine a clocke in the morning wee ankered in a very faire and safe road and lockt for all weathers At tenne of the clocke I went on shore to the toppe of a very high hill where I perceiued that this land was Islands at foure of the clocke in the afternoone wee weyed anker hauing a faire North northeast winde with very faire weather at six of the clocke we were cleare without the land and so shaped our course to the South to discouer the coast whereby the passage may be through Gods mercy found We coasted this land till the eight and twentieth of August finding it still to continue towards the South from the latitude of 67. to 57. degrees we found marueilous great store of birds guls and mewes incredible to be reported whereupon being calme weather we lay one glasse vpon the lee to proue for fish in which space we caught 100. of cod although we were but badly prouided for fishing not being our purpose This eight and twentieth hauing great distrust of the weather we arriued in a very faire harbour in the latitude of 56. degrees and sailed 10. leagues into the same being two leagues broad with very faire woods on both sides in this place wee continued vntil the first of September in which time we had two very great stormes I landed went sixe miles by ghesse into the countrey and found that the woods were firre pineapple alder yew withy and birch here wee saw a blacke beare this place yeeldeth great store of birds as fezant partridge Barbary hennes or the like wilde geese ducks black birdes ieyes thrushes with other kinds of small birds Of the partridge and fezant we killed great store with bow and arrowes in this place at the harborough mouth we found great store of cod The first of September at tenne a clocke wee set saile and coasted the shore with very faire weather The thirde day being calme at noone we strooke saile and let fall a cadge anker to proue whether we could take any fish being in latitude 54. degrees 30. minuts in which place we found great abundance of cod so that the hooke was no sooner ouerboord but presently a fish was taken It was the largest and the best fed fish that euer I sawe and diuers fisher men that were with me sayd that they neuer saw a more suaule or better skull of fish in their liues yet had they seene great abundance The fourth of September
thereby assured by their proper inheritance of grounds conuenient to dresse and to drie their fish whereof many times before they did faile being preuented by them that came first into the harbor For which grounds they did couenant to pay a certaine rent and seruice vnto sir Humfrey Gilbert his heires or assignes for euer and yeerely to maintaine possession of the same by themselues or their assignes Now remained only to take in prouision granted according as euery shippe was taxed which did fish vpon the coast adioyning In the meane while the Generall appointed men vnto their charge some to repaire and trim the ships others to attend in gathering togither our supply and prouisions others to search the commodities and singularities of the countrey to be found by sea or land and to make relation vnto the Generall what eyther themselues could knowe by their owne trauaile and experience or by good intelligence of English men or strangers who had longest frequented the same coast Also some obserued the eleuation of the pole and drewe plats of the countrey exactly graded And by that I could gather by each mans seuerall relation I haue drawen a briefe description of the Newfound land with the commodities by sea or lande alreadie made and such also as are in possibilitie and great likelihood to be made Neuerthelesse the Cardes and plats that were drawing with the due gradation of the harbors bayes and capes did perish with the Admirall wherefore in the description following I must omit the particulars of such things A briefe relation of the New found lande and the commodities thereof THat which we doe call the Newfound land and the Frenchmen Bacalaos is an Iland or rather after the opinion of some it consisteth of sundry Ilands and broken lands situate in the North regions of America vpon the gulfe and entrance of the great riuer called S. Laurence in Canada Into the which nauigation may be made both on the South and North side of this Iland The land lyeth South and North containing in length betweene three 400 miles accounting from cape Race which is in 46 degrees 25 minuts vnto the Grand bay in 52 degrees of Septenâ—rionall latitude The Iland round about hath very many goodly bayes and harbors safe roads for ships the like not to be found in any part of the knowen world The common opinion that is had of intemperature extreme cold that should be in this countrey as of some part it may be verified namely the North where I grant it is more colde then in countries of Europe which are vnder the same eleuation euen so it cannot stand with reason and nature of the clime that the South parts should be so intemperate as the brute hath gone For as the same doe lie vnder the climats of Briton Aniou Poictou in France betweene 46 and 49 degrees so can they not so much differ from the temperature of those countries vnlesse vpon the outcoast lying open vnto the Ocean and sharpe windes it must in deede be subiect to more colde then further within the land where the mountaines are interposed as walles and bulwarkes to defend and to resist the asperitie and rigor of the sea and weather Some hold opinion that the Newfound land might be the more subiect to cold by how much it lyeth high and neere vnto the middle region I grant that not in Newfound land alone but in Germany Italy and Afrike euen vnder the Equinoctiall line the mountaines are extreme cold and seeldome vncouered of snow in their culme and highest tops which commeth to passe by the same reason that they are extended towards the middle region yet in the countries lying beneth them it is found quite contrary Euen so all hils hauing their discents the valleis also and low grounds must be likewise hot or temperate as the clime doeth giue in Newfound land though I am of opinion that the Sunnes reflection is much cooled and cannot be so forcible in the Newfound land nor generally throughout America as in Europe or Afrike by how much the Sunne in his diurnall course from East to West passeth ouer for the most part dry land and sandy countries before he arriueth at the West of Europe or Afrike whereby his motion increaseth heate with little or no qualification by moyst vapours Where on the contrarie he passeth from Europe and Afrike vnto America ouer the Ocean from whence it draweth and carieth with him abundance of moyst vapours which doe qualifie and infeeble greatly the Sunnes reuerberation vpon this countrey chiefly of Newfound land being so much to the Northward Neuerthelesse as I sayd before the cold cannot be so intollerable vnder the latitude of 46 47 and 48 especiall within land that it should be vnhabitable as some doe suppose seeing also there are very many people more to the North by a great deale And in these South parts there be certaine beastes Ounces or Leopards and birdes in like maner which in the Sommer we haue seene not heard of in countries of extreme and vehement coldnesse Besides as in the monethes of Iune Iuly August and September the heate is somewhat more then in England at those seasons so men remaining vpon the South parts neere vnto Cape Rece vntill after Hollandtide haue not found the cold so extreme nor much differing from the temperature of England Those which haue arriued there after Nouember and December haue found the snow exceeding deepe whereat no maruaile considering the ground vpon the coast is rough and vneuen and the snow is driuen into the places most declyning as the like is to be seene with vs. The like depth of snow happily shall not be found within land vpon the playner countries which also are defended by the mountaines breaking off the violence of winds and weather But admitting extraordinary cold in those South parts aboue that with vs here it can not be so great as in Swedland much lesse in Moscouia or Russia yet are the same countries very populous and the rigor of cold is dispensed with by the commoditie of Stoues warme clothing meats and drinkes all which neede not to be wanting in the Newfound land if we had intent there to inhabite In the South parts we found no inhabitants which by all lilkelihood haue abandoned those coastes the same being so much frequented by Christians But in the North are sauages altogether harmelesse Touching the commodities of this countrie seruing either for sustentation of inhabitants or for maintenance of traffique there are may be made diuers so y t it seemeth Nature hath recompenced that only defect and incommoditie of some sharpe cold by many benefits viz. With incredible quantitie and no lesse varietie of kindes of fish in the sea and fresh waters as Trouts Salmons and other fish to vs vnknowen Also Cod which alone draweth many nations thither and is become the most famous fishing of the world Abundance of Whales for which
had reuiewed our people resolued to see an end of our voyage we grewe scant of men to furnish all our shipping it seemed good therefore vnto the Generall to leaue the Swallowe with such prouision as might be spared for transporting home the sicke people The Captaine of the Delight or Admirall returned into England in whose stead was appointed Captaine Maurice Browne before Captaine of the Swallow who also brought with him into the Delight all his men of the Swallow which before haue bene noted of outrage perpetrated and committed vpon fishermen there met at sea The Generall made choise to goe in his frigate the Squirrell whereof the Captaine also was amongst them that returned into England the same Frigate being most conuenient to discouer vpon the coast and to search into euery harbor or creeke which a great ship could not doe Therefore the Frigate was prepared with her nettings fights and ouercharged with bases and such small Ordinance more to giue a shew then with iudgement to foresee vnto the safetie of her and the men which afterward was an occasion also of their ouerthrow Now hauing made readie our shipping that is to say the Delight the golden Hinde and the Squirrell and put aboord our prouision which was wines bread or ruske fish wette and drie sweete oiles besides many other as marmalades figs lymmons barrelled and such like Also we had other necessary prouisions for trimming our ships nets and lines to fish withall boates or pinnesses fit for discouery In briefe we were supplied of our wants commodiously as if we had bene in a Countrey or some Citie populous and plentifull of all things We departed from this harbour of S. Iohns vpon Tuesday the twentieth of August which we found by exact obseruation to be in 47 degrees 40 minutes And the next day by night we were at Cape Race 25 leagues from the same harborough This Cape lyeth South Southwest from S. Iohns it is a low land being off from the Cape about halfe a league within the sea riseth vp a rocke against the point of the Cape which thereby is easily knowen It is in latitude 46 degrees 25 minutes Under this Cape we were becalmed a small time during which we layd out hookes and lines to take Codde and drew in lesse then two houres fish so large and in such abundance that many dayes after we fed vpon no other prouision From hence we shaped our course vnto the Island of Sablon if conueniently it would so fall out also directly to Cape Briton Sablon lieth to the sea-ward of Cape Briton about 25 leagues whither we were determined to goe vpon intelligence we had of a Portugal during our abode in S. Iohns who was himselâ—e present when the Portugals aboue thirty yeeres past did put into the same Isâ—and both Neat and Swine to breede which were since exceedingly multiplied This seemed vnto vs very happy tidings to haue in an Island lying so neere vnto the maine which we intended to plant vpon such store of cattell whereby we might at all times conueniently be relieued of victuall and serued of store for breed In this course we trended along the coast which from Cape Race stretcheth into the Northwest making a bay which some called Trepassa Then it goeth out againe toward the West and maketh a point which with Cape Race lieth in maner East and West But this point inclineth to the North to the West of which goeth in the bay of Placentia We sent men on land to take view of the soyle along this coast whereof they made good report and some of them had wil to be planted there They saw Pease growing in great abundance euery where The distance betweene Cape Race and Cape Briton is 87 leagues In which Nauigation we spent 8 dayes hauing many times the wind indifferent good yet could we neuer attaine sight of any land all that time seeing we were hindred by the current At last we fell into such flats and dangers that hardly any of vs escaped where neuerthelesse we lost our Admiral with al the men and prouision not knowing certainly the place Yet for inducing men of skill to make coniecture by our course and way we held from Cape Race thither that thereby the flats and dangers may be inserted in sea Cards for warning to others that may follow the same course hereafter I haue set downe the best reckonings that were kept by expert men William Cox Master of the Hind and Iohn Paul his mate both of Limehouse Reckonings kept in our course from Cape Race towards Cape Briton and the Island of Sablon to the time and place where we lost our Admirall August 22. West 14. leagues  West and by South 25.  Westnorthwest 25.  Westnorthwest 9.  Southsouthwest 10.  Southwest 12.  Southsouthwest 10. August 29. Westnorthwest 12. Here we lost our Admiral  Summe of these leagues 117. The reckoning of Iohn Paul Masters mate from Cape Race August 22. West 14. leagues 23 Northwest and by West 9. 24 Southwest and by South 5. 25 West and by South 40. 26 West and by North 7. 27 Southwest 3. 28 Southwest 9.  Southwest 7.  Westsouthwest 7. 29 Northwest and by West 20. Here we lost our Admirall  Summe of all these leagues 121 Our course we held in clearing vs of these flats was Eastsoutheast and Southeast and South 14 leagues with a marueilous scant winde The maner how our Admirall was lost VPon Tewsday the 27 of August toward the euening our Generall caused them in his frigat to sound who found white sande at 35 fadome being then in latitude about 44 degrees Wednesday toward night the wind came South and wee bare with the land all that night Westnorthwest contrary to the mind of master Cox neuerthelesse wee followed the Admirall depriued of power to preuent a mischiefe which by no contradiction could be brought to hold other course alleaging they could not make the ship to worke better nor to lie otherwaies The euening was faire and pleasant yet not without token of storme to ensue and most part of this Wednesday night like the Swanne that singeth before her death they in the Admiral or Delight continued in sounding of Trumpets with Drummes and Fifes also winding the Cornets Haughtboyes and in the end of their iolitie left with the battell and ringing of dolefull knels Towards the euening also we caught in the Golden Hinde a very mighty Porpose with a harping yron hauing first striken diuers of them and brought away part of their flesh sticking vpon the yron but could recouer onely that one These also passing through the Ocean in heardes did portend storme I omit to recite friuolous reportes by them in the Frigat of strange voyces the same night which scarred some from the helme Thursday the 29 of August the wind rose and blew vehemently at South and by East bringing withal raine and
behind vs vnsearched at the bottome of this great sea or gulfe All Friday and the night following we sayled with a scant winde and on Saturday at breake of day we were betweene two points of land which make a bay wherein we saw before and behinde foure or fiue great and small Islands The land was very mountainous part wherof was couered with grasse and part was voide Within the land appeared more mountaines and hils and in this place we were come neere vnto the hauen of Santa Cruz which is all firme land except it be diuided in the very nooke by some streite or great riuer which parteth it from the maine which because we had not throughly discouered all of vs that were imployed in this voyage were not a little grieued And this maine land stretcheth so farre in length that I cannot well expresse it for from the hauen of Acapulco which standeth in seuenteene degrees and twenty minutes of latitude wee had alwayes the coast of the firme laud on our right hand vntill we came to the great current of the white red sea and here as I haue said we knew not the secret of this current whether it were caused by a riuer or by a streit and so supposing that the coast which wee had on our right hand was closed vp without passage wee returned backe againe alwayes descending Southward by our degrees vntill wee returned vnto the sayd hauen of Santa Cruz finding still along the coast a goodly and pleasant countrey and still seeing fires made by the Indians and Canoas made of Canes We determined to take in fresh water at the hauen of Santa Cruz to runne along the outward Westerne coast and to see what it was if it pleased God Here we rested our selues and eat of the plummes and fruits called Pithaias and wee entred into the port of Santa Cruz on Sunday the 18 of October and stayed there eight daies to take in wood and water resting our selues all that while that our men might strengthen and refresh themselues Our captaine determined to diuide amongst vs certain garments of taffata with clokes and saies and a piece of taffata and likewise ordained that wee should goe on land to catch a couple of Indians that they might talke with our interpreter and that we might come to the knowledge of their language Whereupon thirteene of vs went out of our ship by night and lay in ambush in a place which is called The well of Grijalua where we stayed vntill noone betweene certaine secret wayes and could neuer see or descrie any one Indian wherefore wee returned to our ships with two massiue-dogs which we caried with vs to catch the Indians with more ease and in our returne we found two Indians hidden in certaine thickets which were come thither to spie what wee did but because wee and our dogs were weary and thought not on them these Indians issued out of the thickets and fled away and wee ranne after them and our dogges saw them not wherefore by reason of the thicknes of the wilde thistles and of the thornes and bryars and because we were weary we could neuer ouertake them they left behinde them certaine staues so finely wrought that they were very beautifull to behold considering how cunningly they were made with a handle and a corde to fling them The nine and twentieth of October being Wednesday we set sayle out of this hauen of Santa Cruz with little winde and in sayling downe the chanell our shippe called the Trinitie came on ground vpon certaine sholdes this was at noone at a low water and with all the remedy that we could vse wee could not draw her off whereupon wee were constrained to vnderprop her and to stay the next tide and when the tide began to increase wee vsed all diligence to draw her off and could not by any meanes whereat all the company and the Captaine were not a little grieued for wee thought wee should haue lost her there although wee ceased not with all our might to labour with both our boates and with our cable and capsten In the ende it pleased God about midnight at a full sea with the great force which wee vsed to recouer her that wee drew her off the sand for which we gaue God most hearty thankes and rode at anker all the rest of the night wayting for day-light for feare of falling into any further danger or mishap When day was come wee set forward with a fresh gale and proceeded on our voyage directing our prows to the maine sea to see whether it would please God to let vs discouer the secret of this point But whether it pleased not his great goodnesse or whether it were for our sinnes wee spent eight dayes from this port before we could double the poynt by reason of contrary winds and great raine and lightning and darkenesse euery night also the windes grew so raging and tempestuous that they made vs all to quake and to pray continually vnto God to ayde vs. And hereupon wee made our cables and ankers ready and the chiefe Pilot commanded vs with all speede to cast anker and in this sorte we passed our troubles and whereas wee rode in no securitie he caused vs foorthwith to weigh our ankers and to goe whither the wind should driue vs. And in this sorte wee spent those eight dayes turning backe by night the same way that wee had gone by day and sometimes making good in the night that which we had lost in the day not without great desire of all the company to haue a winde which might set vs forward on our voyage being afflicted with the miseries which wee indured by reason of the thunders lightnings and raine wherewith we were wet from toppe to toe by reason of the toyle which wee had in weighing and casting of our ankers as neede required And on one of these nights which was very darke and tempestuous with winde and raine because we thought we should haue perished being very neere the shore we prayed vnto God that he would vouchsafe to ayde and saue vs without calling our sinnes to remembrance And straightway wee saw vpon the shrowdes of the Trinity as it were a candle which of it selfe shined and gaue a light whereat all the company greatly reioyced in such sort that wee ceased not to giue thankes vnto God Whereupon we assured our selues that of his mercie hee would guide and saue vs and would not suffer vs to perish as indeede it fell out for the neâ—â— day wee had good weather and all the mariners sayd that it was the light of Saint Elmo which appeared on the shrowdes and they saluted it with their songs and prayers These stormes tooke vs betweene the Isles of Saint Iago and Saint Philip and the Isle called Isla de perlas lying ouer against the point of California supposed to be firme land Chap. 7. Sayling on their way they discouer a pleasant
cast off another and filled our owne ships with the necessaries of them The 8 day wee put off to sea but yet with much adoe came againe to our ankoring place because of the weather The 10 day the admirall sent for vs to come aboord him and being come hee opened a Carde before all the company and tolde vs that my lords voyage for the South sea was ouerthrowen for want of able men and victuals and that therefore hee thought it best to plie for some of the Islands of the West India or the Açores to see if they could meete with some good purchase that might satisfie my lord These wordes were taken heauily of all the company and no man would answere him but kept silence for very griefe to see my lords hope thus deceiueâ— and his great expenses and costs cast away The common sort seeing no other remedie were contented to returne as well as he The 16 day wee espied a sayle whereupon our pinnesse and Dalamor gaue her chase and put her ashore vpon the Island where the men forsooke her and ran away with such things as they could conueniently carte our pinnesse boorded her and found little in her they tooke out of her nine chests of sugar and one hogge and 35 pieces of pewter and so left her vpon the sands From this time forward we began to plie Northwards and the first of Iuly fell with the land againe where we fished and found reasonable good store I tooke the latitude that day and found our selues in 10 degrees and 22 minutes The 7 day we determined to fall with Fernambuck and wee came so neere it that Dalamor as he told vs espied some of the ships that were in the harbour yet notwithstanding we all fell to leeward of the riuer could not after that by any meanes recouer the height of it againe but we ceased not on all parts to endeuour the best we could oftentimes lost company for a day or two one of another but there was no remedie but patience for to Fernambuck we could not come hauing so much ouershot it to the Northward and the wind keeping at the South and Southwest The 20 day I tooke the Sunne in 5 degrees 50 minuts which was 2 degrees to the Northward of Fernambuck and the further wee went the more vnto wardly did the rest of our ships worke either to come into hauen or to keepe company one with another And â—ruely I suppose that by reason of the froward course of the Admirall he meant of purpose to lose vs for I know not how the neerer we endeuoured to be to him the further off would he beare from vs and wee seeing that kept on our owne course and lookt to our selues as well as we could The 24 day our whole company was called together to consultation for our best course some would goe for the West India some directly North for England and in conclusion the greater part was bent to plie for our owne countrey considering our necessities of victuals and fresh water and yet if any place were offered vs in the way not to omit it to seeke to fill water The 26 day in the morning we espied a lowe Island but we lost it againe and could descrie it no more This day we found our selues in 3 degrees and 42 minutes The 27 day we searched what water we had left vs and found but nine buts onely so that our captaine allowed but a pinte of water for a man a day to preserue it as much as might be wherâ—with euâ—ry man was content and we were then in number fiftie men and boyes The first of August we found our selues 5 degrees to the Northward of the line all which moneth we continued our course homâ—ward withoâ—t touching any where toward the end whereof a sorrowfull accident fell out in our hulke which being deuided from vs in a calme fell a fire by some great negligence and perished by that meanes in the seas wee being not able any wayes to helpe the ship or to saue the men The 4 day of September we had brought our selues into the height of 41 degrees 20 minutes somwhat to the Northwards of the Islands of the Açores and thus bulting vp and downe with contrary winds the 29 of the same moneth we reachâ—d the coast of England and so made an end of the voyage A discourse of the West Indies and South sea written by Lopez Vaz a Portugal borne in the citie of Eluas continued vnto the yere 1587. Wherein among diuers rare things not hitherto deliuered by any other writer certaine voyages of our Englishmen are truâ—ly reported whâ—ch was intercepted with the author thereof at the riuer of Plate by Captaine Withrington and Captaine Christopher Lister in the fleete set foorth by the right Honorable the Erle of Cumberland for the South sea in the yeere 1586. FRancis Drâ—ke an Englishman being on the sea and hauing knowledge of the small strength of the towne of Nombre de Dios came into the harborough on a night with foure pinnesses and landed an hundreth and fifty men and leauing one halfe of his men with a trumpet in a fort which was there hee with the rest entred the towne without doing any harme till hee came at the market place and there his company discharging their calieuers and sounding their trumpets which made a great noyse in the towne were answered by their fellowes in the force who discharged and sounded in like maner This attempt put the townesmen in such extreme feare that leauing their houses they fled into the mountaines and there be thought themselues what the matter should be in the towne remaining as men amazed at so sudden an alarme But the Spaniards being men for the most part of good discretion ioyned foureteene or fifteene of them together with their pieces to see who was in the towne and getting to a corner of the market-place they discouered the Englishmen and perceiuing that they were but a few discharged thâ—ir pieces at them and their fortune was such that they slew the trumpetter and shot the captaine whose name was Francis Drake into the legge who feeling himselfe hurt retired toward the Fort where he had left the rest of his men but they in the Fort sounded their trumpet and being not answered againe and hearing the calieuers discharged in the towne thought that their fellowes in the towne had bene slaine and thereupon fled to their Pinnesses Now Francis Drake whom his men carried because of his hurt when he came to the fort where he left his men and saw them fled he and the rest of his company were in so great feare that leauing their furniture behinde them and putting off their hose they swamme waded all to their Pinnesses and departed forth of the harbour so that if the Spaniards had followed them they might haue slaine them all Thus Captaine Drake did no more harme at Nombre
Aguatulco in sixe fadoms waâ—er and a Southsouthwest winde is the woorst Item You may anker in the port of S. Iago in 6 fadoms water and a Westsouthwest winde is the woorst Item You may anker in the port of Natiuidad in 8 fadoms water and a Southeast winde is the woorst Item You may anker in the bay of Xalisco in 9 fadoms water and a Westsouthwest winde is the woorst Item You may anker on the Northwest part of the island of S. Andrew in 17 fadoms water Item You may anker vnder the island of Chiametlan in 4 fadoms water and a Southeast winde is the woorst Item You may anker in the port of S. Lucas on the Cape of California in 12 fadoms water and a Southeast winde is the woorst A note of what depths we ankered in among the ilands of the Philippinas ITem You may anker on the Southwest part of the island of Capul in 6 fadoms water and a Wesâ—southwest winde is the woorst Item You may anker all along the South part of the island of Panna in shoald water in the depth of 10 or 12 fadoms Item You may anker in the bay of Lago grande in seuen fadoms water which bay is on the South side of the island of Panna Item You may anker at the East end of Iaua maior in 16 fadoms water and an Eastsoutheast winde is the woorst Item You may anker on the North part of the island of Santa Helena in 12 fadoms water A note of our finding of the winds for the most part of our voyage 1586. IN primis From the 21 day of Iuly vnto the 19 day of August we found the winde at Northnortheast being in the latitude of 7 degrees Item From the 19 day of August vnto the 28 day of September wee found the wind for the most part betweene the West and the Southwest being in 24 degrees Item From the 28 day of September vnto the 30 day of October we found the windes betweene the Northeast and the Eastnortheast Item From the 23 of Nouember from the island of S. Sebastian vnto the 30 day of Nouember we found the winde betweene the Southeast and the Southsoutheast being in 36 degrees Item From the 30 day of Nouember vnto the 6 day of December we found the windes to be betweene the West and the Southwest Item From the 6 day of December vnto the first day of Ianuary we found the winds for the most part betweene the North and the Northeast bring then in the latitude of 52 degrees Item From the first day of Ianuary vnto the 23 day of February we found the windes to be betweene the Northwest and the Westsouthwest wee being all that time in the Streights of Magellan Item From the 23 day of February vnto the first day of March we found the winds to be betweene the South and the Southeast being then in the South sea in the latitude of 48 degrees Item From the first day of March vnto the 7 day of March we found the winde to be at the North and the Northnortheast in the latitude of 43 degrees Item From the 7 day of March vnto the 14 day of March wee found the windes to be betweene the South and the Southwest in the latitude of 37 degrees Item From the 14 day of March vnto the 28 day of May we found the winds to be betweene the South and the Southwest in the latitude of 3 degrees to the South of the Line A note of the varying of our windes to the North of the Equinoctiall line on the coast of New Spaine ITem From the 28 day of May vnto the 5 day of Iuly we found the winds for the most part to be betweene the Southsoutheast and the Southsouthwest being in the latitude of 10 degrees to the Northward of the Line on the coast of New Spaine Item From the 5 day of Iuly vnto the 14 day of October we found the windes for the most part to be at the Eastnortheast in the latitude of 23 degrees Northward and almost vnder the tropicke of Cancer A note of the windes which we found betweene the coast of New Spaine and Islands of the Philippinas on the coast of Asia IN the yeere of our Lord 1587 we departed from the cape of Santa Clara on the coast of California the 19 day of Nouember and we found the winds to be betweene the East and the Eastnortheast vntill the 29 day of Ianuary departing then from the ilands of the Philippinas being in the latitude of 9 degrees Item From the 29 day of Ianuary vnto the 19 day of March wee found the windes for the most part betweene the Northnortheast and the Northwest being then among the Ilands of Maluco in the latitude of 9 degrees Item From the 19 day of March vnto the 20 day of May wee found the windes for the most part betweene the South and the Eastsoutheast being then betweene the Ilands of Maluco and the cape of Buena Esperança in the latitude of 34 degrees to the South of the Line Item From the 20 day of May vnto the 11 day of Iuly we found the winds for the most part betweene the South and the Southeast being then betweene the cape of Buena Esperança and and 15 degrees vnto the Southward of the line Item From the 11 day of Iuly vnto the 18 day of August we found the winds for the most part betweene the Northeast and Eastnortheast bring then betweene the latitude of 15 degrees to the Southward of the line and 38 degrees vnto the Northwards of the line A letter of M. Thomas Candish to the right honourable the Lord Hunsdon Lord Chamberlaine one of her Maiesties most honourable Priuy Councell touching the successe of his voyage about the world RIght honourable as your fauour heretofore hath bene most greatly extended towards me so I humbly desire a continuance thereof and though there be no meanes in me to deserue the same yet the vttermost of my seruices shall not be wanting whensoeuer it shall please your honour to dispose thereof I am humbly to desire your honour to make knowen vnto her Maiesty the desire I haue had to doe her Maiesty seruice in the performance of this voyage And as it hath pleased God to giue her the victory ouer part of her enemies so I trust yer long to see her ouerthrow them all For the places of their wealth whereby they haue mainteined and made their warres are now perfectly discouered and if it please her Maiesty with a very small power she may take the spoile of them all It hath pleased the Almighty to suffer mee to circompasse the whole globe of the world entring in at the Streight of Magellan and returning by the cape de Buena Esperança In which voyage I haue either discouered or brought certeine intelligence of all the rich places of the world that euer were knowen or discouered by any
day A full reuoluâ—ion of the Monne aboue their Horizon The colleagues of the fellowship for the discouery of the Northwest passage Free Denization granted This Patent remaiâ—ed in force fiue yeeres Authoritie to proceede at Sea against mutiners 1583. Musicians They depart from Silley Iuly Great store of whales The râ—uling of the yce together made a great roaring Yce turned into water The Land of Desolation Very blacke water Floting wood Colde by â—eason of yce They saile Northwestward aboue foure dayes Land in 64 degrees 15 min. The sound where our ships did ride was called Gilberts sound Musicians The people of the countrey came and conferred with our men Thirty seuen Canoas Their musike Great familiâ—rity with the Sauagesâ— Diuers sorts oâ— wood They may make much â—rame if they had meanes how to vse itâ— Moscouie glasse A fruit like corinths August Land in 66 degrees 40 min. Foure white beares A huge whiâ—e beare Timber sawen Fowle An image Probabilities for the passage Wee neuer came into any baâ— before or after but the waters colour was altered very blackish Faulcons Their returne September They saile from The land of desolation to England in 14. dayes Land discouered in 60. degrees Gentle and louing Sauages In 100 Canoâ—â— with diuers commodities Images trane ople and Seale skins in tan tubs A plaine champion countrey A goodly riuer A graue with a crosse layd ouer The Tartars and people of Iapon are also smal eyed Their manâ—r of kindling fire like to theirs in America A fire made of turfes Great theeues Their rude diet Their weapons Strange nets These Islanders warre with the people of the maine Copper oare Their language Muscles A strange whirlewinde Great Ilands Slings One oâ— the people taken which afteâ— dyed â— huge quantitie of yce in 63. degrees of latitudâ— The nature of foggâ—s Great heat 66. degrees 19. minutes Great hopâ— oâ— a passage 64. degr 20 min. A great â—urrent to the West Ilandsâ— They râ—nne 8. dayes Southward â—rom 67 to 57. degrees vpon the coast A harborough in 56. degrees Faire woods Store of cod A perfect hope oâ—â—he passage about 54. degrâ—es and an halfe Two oâ— our men slaine by the Sauages May. M. Dauis in the latitude of 60. deg diuideth his fleete into 2. parts The 7. of Iune Island descryâ—d 66. degrees Their commodities Their dwellings Their boats M. Iohn Roydon of Ipâ—wich They departed from Island Northwest Iuly Groneland diâ—â—couered The land of Desolation Groenland coasted from â—he 7. till the last of Iuly August The houses of Gronland Our men play at footeball with the Sauages Sweete wood found A skirmish between the Sauages and our men September The pinnesse neuer reâ—urned home Land descrâ—â—â—â— Salt kerned oâ— the rockes Isles in 64. degrees Store oâ— Whales in 67. degrees 7â— deg 12. min. The great variation of the compasse London coast Betweene Gâ—onland the Noâ—th of America aboue 40. leagues A mighâ—ie banke of yeâ— lying North and South Extreme heatâ— of the Sunne They were driuen West sixe points out of their course in 67. degrees 45. minutes Mount Raleigh The Earle oâ— Cumbeâ—lands Isles The variation of the compasse 30. deg Westward The land trendeth from this place Southwest and by South My lord Lumleys Inlet Warwicks Foreland A very forciblâ— current Westward â—â—idleys cape The lord Daâ—cies Island The fishing place betweene 54 and 55 degrees of latitude Abundance of whales in 52 degrees They arriue at Dartmouth the 15 of September The 1. voyage The 2. voyage The North parts of Americâ— all Islands The 3. voyage The ship of M. N. Zeno casâ— away vpon â—risland in Annâ— 1380. A forraine prince hapning to be in Frisland with armed men when M. Zenâ— suffered shipwracke therâ— came vnto him and spakâ— Latine Zichmni princâ— of Poâ—land or Duke of Zorani â—risland the â—ing oâ— Norâ—ayeâ— N. Zeno made â—night by Zichmni Ships laden with fish at Frisland â—or Flanders Bâ—itain England Scotland Noâ—way and Denmarke But not to bâ— proued that eâ—er any came thence A letter sent by M. N. Zeno from Fâ—island to his brother M. Antonio in Venice The end of the first letter Engâ—onâ—lâ—nâ— Pâ—eaching Fryâ—rs of Saint Thomâ—â— Winter oâ— 9. moneths Trade in summer â—ime from Trondon to S. Thomas Friers in Groneland Resâ—â—t of Fryâ—rs from Norway and Sueden to the Monastery in Engroneland called S. Tho. M. Fâ—obisheâ— brought these kinde of boats from â—hese parâ—s inâ—â— England In the Monastery of Saint Thomâ—s most of them spake the Latine tongue The end of the â— letter N. Zeno dyed in Frisland The discouerie of Estoâ—iland Westward Sixe fishermen taken Fishermen of Frisland speake Latine Sixe were fiue â—â—eres in Esâ—otiland One of the fisherâ— of Frisland reporteth of Estotiland Estotiland rich abounding with all â—he commodities of the world Abundance of golde Trade from Estotilâ—nd to Engroneland â— Skins brimstone and pitch golde corne and â—eere or ale Many cities and castles A countrey called Doâ—gio The 6 fishermen of Frisland onâ—ly saued by shewing the maner to take fish The chiefest oâ— the 6 fishers specified before and his companions In the space of 13 yeeres he serued 25 lords of Drogio He returned from Estotiland to Frisland Zichmni minded to send M. Antonio Zeno with a fleete towards thâ—sâ— parts of Esâ—otiland The 4 letter The fisherman dyed that should haue bene interpreter Certaine mariners taken in his sâ—eede which came with him from Estotiland Isle Ilose Zichmni his discouerie of the Island Icaâ—ia An Island man in Icaâ—ia The kings of of Icaria called Icari after the name of the first king of that place who as they report was sonne to Dedalus king of Scots Icarian Sâ—a The people of Icaria destrous of the Italian tongue Ten men of ten sundry nations Infinite multitudes of armed men in Icaâ—iâ— Zichmni departed from Icaria Wâ—stwards 100 men sent to discrie the countreâ— The 100 souldiers returned which had bene through â—he Island report what they saw and found M. Anâ—onio Zeno made chiefâ— captaine of those ships which went back to Frâ—sland The 5 letter Estotiland first discouered The second discouerie thereof Dâ—ogio M. Aâ—migil Wade Cape Briâ—on The Island of Penguin standeth about the latitude of 30. degrees M. Dawbneys report to M. Richard Hakluyt of the Temple They beheld the Sauges â—f Newfounland Extrâ—me famine Our men â—aâ—e one another foâ— famine The Capâ—aines Oration The English surprise a French ship wherein they returned home Haâ—kes and other foules Foules supposed â—o be storkes The French royally recompencâ—d by king Henry the 8. English Spaniards Portugals French Britons The fertility of Newfoundland Seueral sortes â— of fish Called by the Spaniards Anchunas and by the Portugals Capelinas 〈◊〉 Albioâ— Hugo Willobeius eques auratus Martinus Fâ—obisherus eques â—uratuâ—â— Antonius Ienkinsonuâ— Franciscus Dracus eques 〈◊〉 Sebastianuâ— Cabotus The coasts froÌ„ Fâ—orida Northward fiâ—â— discouâ—red bâ— the English natioÌ„ A 〈◊〉 consideration Probable confectâ—â—â— y t these lands North of Florida are
Giuen in our castle of Marienburg in the yeare of our Lord 1398 and vpon the 22. day of February Frater Conradus de Iungingen master generall of the Order of the Dutch knights of S. Maries hospital at Ierusalem A briefe relation of VVilliam Esturmy and Iohn Kington concerning their ambassages into Prussia and the Hans-townes IN primis that in the moueth of Iuly and in the yeare of our Lord 1403 and the fift yeare of the reigne of our souereigne Lord the king that nowe is there came into England the ambassadours of the mighty lord Fr Conradus de lungingen being then Master general of Prussia with his letters directed vnto our foresayd souereigne lord the king requiring amends and recompense for certaine iniuries vniustly offered by English men vnto the subiects of the sayd Master generall written in 20. articles which amounted vnto the summe of 19120. nobles and a halfe c. Item that the third day of the moneth of October in the yeare of our Lord aboue written and in the fift yere of the reigne of our soueraigne lord the king between the reuerend father in God Henrie then bishop of Lincolne lord chancelor and William lord de Roos high treasurer of England on the one party and the sayd ambassadours on the other party it was according to their petition amongst other things ordayned namely that the liege people of our soueraigne lord the king should freely he permitted vntill the feast of Easter then next after ensuing to remaine in the land of Prussia and from thence with their goods marchandises to returne vnto their own home and also that the subiects of the sayd Master generall in the kingdome of England should haue licence and liberty to doe the like Prouided alwayes that after the time aboue limitted neither the English marchants in the land of Prussia nor the Prussian marchaÌ„ts in the realme of England should vse any traffique of marchandise at all vnlesse in the meane space it were otherwise agreed and concluded by the sayd king and the sayd Master general Item immediately after our sayd soueraigne lord the king sent his letters by Iohn Browne marchant of Lin vnto the foresayd Master generall for to haue mutuall conuersation and intercourse of dealing to continue some certain space betweene the marchants of England and of Prussia promising in the same letters that he would in the meane season send vnto the foresayd Master his ambassadors to intreat about the pretended iniuries aforesaid which letters the foresayd Master for diuers causes refused to yeelde vnto as in his letters sent vnto our lord the king bearing date the 16. day of the moneth of Iuly in the yeare of our lord 1404. more plainely appeareth Item that after the receit of the letters of the Master aforesaid which are next aboue mentioned our sayd king according to his promise sent William Esturmy knight M. Iohn Kington câ—erke and William Brampton citizen of London from his court of parliament holden at Couentrie very slightly informed as his ambassadours into Prussia Item before the arriuall of the sayd ambassadours in Prussia all intercourse of traffique betweene the English and the Prussians in the realme of England and in the land of Prussia was altogether restrained and prohibited and in the same land it was ordayned and put in practise that in whatsoeuer porte of the land of Prussia any English marchant had arriued with his goods he was not permitted to conueigh the sayd goods out of that porte vnto any other place of the land of Prussia either by water or by lande vnder the payne of the forfeiting of the same but was enioyned to sell them in the very same porte vnto the Prussians onely and to none other to the great preiudice of our English marchants Item that after the arriuall of the sayd English ambassadours in the land of Prussia it was ordayned that from the eight day of the moneth of October in the yeare of our lord 1405 all English marchants whatsoeuer should haue free liberty to arriue with all kindes of their marchandise in whatsoeuer port of the land of Prussia and to make sale of them in the said land as hath heretofore from auncient times bene accustomed Also sundry other commodious priuiledges vnto the realme of England were then ordayned and established as in the indentures made for this purpose it doth more manifestly appeare Item the said English ambassadours being arriued in the land of Prussia demanded of the â—aid Master generall a reformation and amends for the damages and iniuries offered by the Prussians vnto the liege people of our souereigne lord and king written in fifteene articles which losses amounted vnto the summe of 4535. nobles Item the said Master generall besides the articles exhibited vnto our soueraigne lord the king as it is aboue mentioned deliuered vnto the sayd ambassadours diuers other articles of certaine iniuries offered as he â—ayth vniustly by English men vnto his subiects which amounted vnto the summe of 5100. nobles Item it was afterward concluded that vpon the first of May next then insuing namely in the yeere of our Lord 1406 or within the space of one yeare immediatly following there should bee made a conuenâ—ent iust and reasonable satisfaction for all molestatious vniustly ofâ—â—red on both partes as well on the behalfe of our soueraigne lord the king as of the foresayd Master general Which satisfaction not being performed the Prussians with their goods marchandises within three moneths after the end of the sayd yere next following were without molestation or impediment enioined to depart out of the realme of England with their ships and goods and the English men likewise out of the territories and dominions of the said Master general both of them without any further admonition to abstaine separate themselues from both the countreis aforesayd For the performance of which premisses the ambassadors on both parts being sufficiently instructed were appointed to meete the first day of May at the towne of Dordract in Holland Item that the sayd William Esturmy and Iohn Kington in their returne homewards from Prussia towards England passed through the chiefe cities of the Hans and treated in such sorte with the Burgomasters of them that there were sent messengers and agents in the behalfe of the common society of the Hans marchants vnto the towne of Dordract to conferre with the ambassadors of England about the redressing of iniuries attempted on both parts where diuers agreements were set downe betweene the sayd ambassadors and messengers as in the indentures made for the same purpose it doth more manifestly appeare Item that the meeting appointed at the towne of Dordract vpon the first of May was by the letters of the foresayd ambassadors proroged vnto the first of August then next ensuing and afterward by vertue of the kings letters vnto the first day of March next following and there was another day of prorogation also Item that after the prorogations aforesayd
the ambassadors of England and the messengers commissioners of Prussia met together at the towne of Hage in Holland the 28. day of August in the yere of our lord 1407. And there was a treaty between theÌ„ concerning the summe 25934. nobles and an halfe demanded on the behalfe of the sayd Master generall for amends and recompense in consideration of wrongs offered vnto himselfe and vnto his subiects of Prussia as is aforesayd Also the sayd Master and his Prussians besides the summe not yet declared in the articles which is very small are to rest contented and satisfied with the summe of 8957. nobles in lieu of al the damages aforesaid no times of paâ—ment being then assigned or limited but afterward to be reasonably limited and assigned by our sayd soueraigne lord the king Insomuch that our said soueraigne lord the king is to write his ful intention determination concerning this matter in his letters to be deliuered the 16. day of March vnto the aldermen of the marchants of the Hans residing at Bruges Otherwise that from thenceforth all league of friendship shall bee dissolued betweene the realme of England and the land of Prussia Also it is farther to be noted that in the appointment of the summe next before written to be disbursed out of England this condition was added in writing namely that if by lawful testimonies it may sufficiently and effectually be prooued concerning the chiefe articles aboue written or any part of them that satisfaction was made vnto any of those parties to whom it was due or that the goods of and for the which complaint was made on the the behalfe of Prussia in the sayd articles did or doe pertayne vnto others or that any other iust true or reasonable cause may lawfully be proued alledged why the foresaid sums or any of them ought not to be payed that theÌ„ in the summes contained in the articles abouementioned so much only must be cut off or stopped as shal be found either to haue bene payd already or to appertaine vnto others or by any true iust and reasonable cause alleaged not to be due Neither is it to be doubted but for the greater part of the summe due vnto the Prussians that not our lord the king but others which will in time be nominated are by all equity and iustice to be compelled to make satisfaction Also at the day and place aboue mentioned it was appointed and agreed vpon that our lord the king and his liege subiects for the said 4535. nobles demanded of the Engliâ—h in consideration of recompense to be made for iniuries offered vnto the Prussians are to discharge pay the summe of 764. nobles which are not as yet disbursed but they haue reserued a petition to them vnto whom the sayd summe is due or if they please there shal be made satisfaction which will be very hard and extreme dealing Item that in the last assembly of the sayd ambassadors of England and messengers of Prussia holden at Hage made as is aforesayd for the behalfe of England there were exhibited anew certaine articles of iniuries against the Prussians The value of which losses amounted vnto the summe of 1825. nobles and three shillings Item on the contrary part for the behalfe of the Prussians the summe of 1355. nobles eight shillings and sixe pence Item forasmuch as diuers articles propounded as well on the behalfe of England as of Prussia and of the cities of the Hans both heretofore and also at the last conuention holden at Hage were so obscure that in regard of their obscurity there could no resolute answere bee made vnto them and other of the sayd articles exhibited for want of sufficient proofes could not clearely be determined vpon it was appointed and concluded that all obscure articles giuen vp by any of the foresayd parties whatsoeuer ought before the end of Easter then next ensuing and within one whole yeare after to be declared before the Chancelour of England for the time being and other articles euidently exhibited but not sufficiently proued to be proued vnder paine of perpetuall exclusion Which being done accordingly complete iustice shall be administred on both parts Item as concerning the eleuenth article for the behalfe of the Prussians first exhibited which conteined losses amounting vnto the summe of 2445. nobles as touching the first article on the behalfe of England exhibited in the land of Prussia conteining losses which amouÌ„ted to the summe of 900. nobles after many things alleadged on both parts relation thereof shall be made in the audience of the king and of the Master generall so that they shall set downe ordaine and determine such an ende and conclusion of those matters as shall seeme most expedient vnto them Now concerning the Liuonians who are subiect vnto the great Master of Prussia IN primis that the Master of Prussia demaunded of the sayd English ambassadours at their being in Prussia on the behalfe of them of Liuonia who are the sayd Master his liege people to haue restitution of their losses vniustly as he sayth offered vnto them by the English namely for the robbing and rifling of three ships The value of which ships and of the goods contained in them according to the computation of the Liuonian marchants doeth amount vnto the summe of 8037. pound 12. shillings 7. pence Howbeit afterward the trueth being inquired by the sayd ambassadors of England the losse of the Liuonians exceedeth not the summe of 7498. pound 13. shillings 10. pence halfepeny farthing Item forasmuch as in the sayd ships on the behalfe of the sayd Master and of certaine cities of the Hans there are alleadged aboue 250. men very barbarously to be drowned of whome some were noble and others honourable personages and the rest common marchants mariners there was demaunded in the first dyet or conuention holden at Dordract a recompense at the handes of the sayd English ambassadors albeit this complaint was exhibited in the very latter end of al the negotiations informe of a scedule the tenor whereof is in writing at this present beginneth in maner following Cum vita hominum c. Howbeit in the last conuention holden at Hage as is aforesaid it was concluded betweene the ambassadours of England and the messengers and commissioners of the land of Prussia and of the cities of the Hans that our sayd soueraigne lord the king should of his great pietie vouchsafe effectually to deuise some conuenient and wholesome remedie for the soules of such persons as were drowned Item that our sayd soueraigne lord the king will signifie in writing his full purpose intention as touching this matter vnto the aldermen of the Hans marchants residing at Bruges vpon the sixteenth day of March next following Otherwise that from hencefoorth all amity and friendship betweene the realme of England and the land of Prussia shall be dissolued Neither is it to be doubted but that a great part of the sayd goods for the which they of
Liuonia doe demaund restitution namely waxe and furres redounded vnto the vse and commoditie of our soueraigne lord the king And also our said soueraigne lord the king gaue commandement by his letters that some of the sayd goods should be deliuered vnto others And a great part of them is as yet reserued in the towne of Newcastle One Benteld also hath the best of the sayd three ships in possession Also it is reported and thought to be true that certaine Furriers of London which will be detected in the end haue had a great part of the sayd goods namely of the Furres Now as concerning the cities of the Hans IN primis the Hamburgers exhibited nine articles wherein they demaunded restitution for certaine damages offered as they sayd by the English men the value of which losses amounted vnto the summe of 9117. nobles 20. pence For the which after due examination there was promised restitution to the summe of 416. nobles 5. shillings Besides the two articles propounded against theÌ„ of Scardeburg the summe wherof was 231. pounds 15. s. 8. d. coÌ„cerning the which there was sentence giuen in England by the coÌ„missioners of our lord the king the execution wherof was promised vnto the said Hamburgers by the ambassadors of England leaue and licence being reserued vnto the sayd Hamburgers of declaring or explaning certaine obscure articles by them exhibited which declaration was to be made at the feast of Easter then next to come or within one yeare next ensuing the said feast vnto the chancelor of England for the time being and of proouing the sayd articles and others also which haue not as yet sufficiently bene proued Which being done they are to haue full complement and execution of iustice Also by the Hamburgers there are demaunded 445. nobles from certaine of the inhabitants of Linne in England Which summe if it shal be prooued to be due vnto any English men the Hamburgers are to rest contented with those goods which they haue already in their possessions Item they of Breme propounded â—â—xe articles wherein the summe conteined amounteth vnto 4414. nobles And there was no satisfaction promised vnto them But the same libertie and licence was reserued vnto them in like maner as before vnto the Hamburgers Item they of Stralessund propounded 23. articles wherof the summe amounted vnto 7415. nobles 20. d. for the which there was promised satisfaction of 253. nobles 3. q. Also here is a caueat to be obserued that they of Stralessund had of English mens goods a great summe particularly to be declared which will peraduenture suffice for a recompense And some of their articles are concerning iniuries offered before 20,22,23,24 yeres past Also their articles are so obscure that they will neuer or very hardly be able to declare or proue them Howbeit there is reserued the very same liberty vnto them that was before vnto the Hamburgers Item they of Lubec propounded 23. articles the summe whereof extended vnto 8690. nobles and an halfe whereupon it was agreed that they should haue paied vnto them 550. nobles There was reserued the same libertie vnto them which was vnto the men of Stralessund Item they of Gripeswold exhibited 5. articles the summe whereof amounted vnto 2092. nobles and an halfe For the which there was promised satisfaction of 153. nobles and an half And the said men of Gripeswold haue of the goods of English men in possession to the value of 22015. nobles 18. s as it is reported by them of Linne And the same libertie is reserued vnto them that was vnto the Hamburgers Item they of Campen propounded ten articles the summe whereof extended vnto 1405. nobles There is no satisfaction promised vnto them but the same liberty is reserued vnto them which was vnto the other abouementioned Item the ambassadors of England demanded of the citizens of Rostok Wismer for damages iniuries by them committed against the subiects of the foresayd souereigne king 32407. nobles 2. s. 10. d. And albeit euery of the foresayd cities sent one of their burgomasters vnto the towne of Hage in Holland to treat with the English ambassadours it was in the end found out that they had not any authority of negotiating or concluding ought at al. And therfore they made their faithfull promises that euery of the said cities should send vnto our soueraigne Lord the king one or two procurator or procurators sufficiently instructed to treat conclude with our said souereigne lord the king about the damages and iniuries aforesaid at the feast of the nauitie of Saint Iohn the Baptist. Compositions and ordinances concluded between the messengers of Frater Conradus de Iungingen master generall of Prussia and the chancelor and treasurer of the realme of England 1403. IN the yere of our Lord 1403 vpon the feast of S. Michael the Archangel the right hono Henrie bishop of Lincoln chancelor of England and the lord de Roos high treasurer of England the ambassadors of Prussia Iohn Godek of Dantzik Henry Monek of Elbing masters of the same cities haue at Westminster treated in maner of composition about the articles vnderwritten between the most souereigne lord the king of England and the right reuerend honorable Conradus de Iungingen Master general of Prussia as concerning the iniuries offered vnto the people of Prussia and Liuonia vpon the sea by the English First that all ships with their appurtenances the commodities of the mariners according vnto the condition of the things and all other goods taken away by the English which are actually vndiuided whole are incontinently with al speed to bee restored And if there bee any defect in ought the value of the said defect is to be accounted with other losses of goods to be restored at the terme of the restitution to be made and deliuered Item that all ships damages and goods as they are conteined in our bill of accusation which are not now immediately restored are to be restored and payd in the land of Prussia between this and the terme appointed with full execution and complement of iustice Item concerning the persons throwen ouer boord or slaine in the sea it shall remayne to bee determined at the will and pleasure of the most mighty prince the king of England and of the right reuerend the Master of Prussia Item betwene this and the terme appointed for the restoring of the goods taken away vntill there be due payment restitution of the said goods performed the marchants of England and of Prussia are in no wise to exercise any traffique of marchandise at all in the foresaid lands Memorandum that the third day of the moneth of October in the yere of our Lord 1403. and in the fift yere of the reigne of the most mighty prince and lord king Henrie the fourth by the grace of God king of England and France c. betweene the reuerend father Henrie bishop of Lincolâ— chancelor and the
the said Simon to saile for England and spoiled the said craier and also tooke and caried away with them the goods and marchandises of the said Simon being in the foresaid ship to the value of 66. pounds Item in the yeere of our Lord 1397. certaine malefactors of Wismer and Rostok with certaine others of the Hans tooke a crayer of one Peter Cole of Zeland called the Bussship which Alan Barret the seruant and factor of the foresaid Simon Durham had laden with mastes sparres and other marchandize for the behalfe of the said Simon and vniustly tooke from thence the goods of the said Simon to the value of 24. pounds and caried the same away Item in the yeere of our Lord 1394. certaine malefactors of Wismer and others of the Hans vniustly tooke vpon the sea and caried away with them a packe of woollen cloth of the foresaid Simon worth 42. pounds out of a certain crayer of one Thomas Fowler of Lenne being laden and bound for Dantzik in Prussia Item pitifully complaining the marchants of Lenne doe auouch verifie affirme that about the feast of S. George the martyr in the yeere of our Lord 1394. sundry malefactors and robbers of Wismer Rostok and others of the Hans with a great multitude of ships arriued at the towne of Norbern in Norway and tooke the said town by strong assault and also wickedly and vniustly took al the marchants of Lenne there residing with their goods cattels and burnt their houses and mansions in the same place and put their persons vnto great ransoms euen as by the letters of safeconduct deliuered vnto the said marchants it may more euidently appeare to the great damage and impouerishment of the marchants of Lenne namely Imprimis they burnt there 21. houses belonging vnto the said marchants to the value of 440. nobles Item they tooke from Edmund Belyetere Thomas Hunt Iohn Brandon and from other marchants of Lenne to the value of 1815. pounds Concerning this surprise Albertus Krantzius in the sixt book of his history of Norway and the 8. Chapter writeth in maner following IN the meane while Norway enioyed peace vnder the gouernment of a woman vntil Albertus king of Suecia who had now seuen yeeres continued in captiuity vnder Queen Margaret was to be set at liberty Which when the common souldiers of Rostok Wismer called the Vitalians perceiued who whilest their king was holden captiue in the right of the forenamed cities for the behalfe of their lord the king being prince of Mekleburg by birth vndertooke and waged warre al the time of his captiuitie banding their forces together they resolued at their own costs charges but in the right of the said cities to saile into the 3. kingdoms and to take such spoiles as they could lay hold on These common souldiers therfore sâ—eing an end of their tyrannical and violent dealing to approch sassed into Norway vnto the towne of Norbern being a mart town for al the marchants of Germanie who transporting fishes from thence doe bring thither marchandises of all kinds especially corne vnto the scarcitie wherof vnlesse it be brought out of other countreys that kingdome as we haue said is very much subiect Departing out of their ships and going on shore they set vpon the towne and by fire and sword they easily compelled the inhabitants dwelling in weake wodden houses to giue place Thus these Vitalians entring and surprising the towne conueyed such spoiles vnto their ships as them pleased and hauing laden their ships with those booties they returned home frolike vnto the ports of their own cities Without all respect they robbed and rifled the goods aswel of the Germanes as of the Noâ—uagians and like lewde companions wasting and making hauock of all things prooued themselues neuer the wealthier For it is not the guise of such good fellowes to store vp or to preserue ought The citizens at the first seemed to be inriched howbeit afterward no man misdoubting any such calamitie goods ill gotten were worse spent Thus farre Kranâ—zius Item pitifully complaining the foresaide marchants auouch verifie and affirme that vpon the 14. day after the feast of S. George in the yeere of our Lord next aboue written as 4. ships of Lenne laden with cloth wine and other marchandises were sailing vpon the maine sea with all the goods and wares conteined in them for Prussia sundry malefactors of Wismer and Rostok with others of the Hans being in diuers ships came vpon them and by â—orce of armes and strong hand tooke the said ships with the goods and marchandises contained in them and some of the people which were in the saide foure ships they slew some they spoyled and others they put vnto extreame ransomes And carying away with them those foure ships with the commodities and marchandise therin they parted stakes thâ—rwith as them listed to the great impâ—uerishment losse of the said marchants of Lenne namely in cloth of William Silesden Tho. Waterden Ioh. Brandon Ioh. WesenhaÌ„ other marchants of Lenne to the value of 3623 li.5.s.11 d. Item pitifully complaining the foresaid marchants doe affirme that one Henry Lambolt and other his adherents in the yeere of our Lord 1396. looke vpon the maine sea betweene Norway and Sâ—aw one crayer laden with osmunds and with diuers other marchandises perteining vnto Iohn Brandon of Lenne to the summe and value of 443 li.4.s.2.d Moreouer they tooke from Iohn Lakingay 4. lasts and an halfe of osmunds to the value of 220 lib.10.s Item the foresaid marchants complaine that certain malefactors of Wismer with other their compliâ—es of the Hans in the yeere of our Lord 1396. tooke from Thomas Ploker of Lenne out of a certaine ship sailing vpon the maine sea towaâ—ds sconâ—Sconâ—land whereof Iames Snycop was master cloth and other marchandise to the summe and value of 13 lib.13.s.4.d Item the aboue-named marchants complaine saying that certaine malefactors of Wismer with others of the Hans society in the yere of our Lord 1397. wickedly and vniustly took out of a certaine ship of Dantzik whereof Laurence van Russe was master from Ralph Bedingam of Lenne one fardel of cloth worth 52 li.7.s.6.d Also for the ransome of his seruant 8 li.6.s.8.d Itemâ— they tooke from Thomas Earle diuers goods to the value of 24. pounds Item the foresaid marchants complainâ—â— that certaine malefactors of Wismer Rostok with others of the Hans in the yeere of our Lord 1399. wickedly vniustly tooke one crayer pertayning vnto Iohn Lakingliâ—h of Lenne laden with diuers goods and marchandise pertaining vnto sundry marchants of Lenne namely from the forenamed Iohn one fardel of cloth and one chest full of harneis and other things to the value of 90 lib Item they took out of the foresaid ship from Roger Hood one fardel of cloth and one chest with diuers goods to the value of 58 lib Item from Iohn Pikeron one fardell of cloth and one chest with
thankfull mind accept and by the tenour of the said letters of yours totally approue the concord of a certaine satisfaction to be performed with the payment of certaine summes of money howsoeuer due vnto your subiects as well of Prussia as of Liuonia expressed in our former letters within the termes prefixed by our consent and limited in our said letters aud also of other summes which within one whole yeare immediatly following the feast of Easter last past by sufficient proofes on their part to bee made before our chauncelour at our citie of London shall be found due vnto them conditionally that without inconuenience of delay and impediments the premisses be performed as they ought to be And that your selfe also will without fayle vpon the termes appoynted for the said payments procure satisfaction â—o be made accordingly vnto our endamaged subiects with the summes due vnto them by reason of their losses whereof they haue sufficient information Wherefore in regard of those your friendly letters and your courteous auswere returned by them vnto vs as is aforesaid wee doe yeelde vnto you right vnfained thanks But because it will vndoubtedly be most acceptable and pleasing both vnto vs and vnto our people and vnto you and your subiects that the zeale and ferueâ—cie of loue which hath from auncient times growen and increased betweene our progenitours for them and their subiects and your predecessors and their subiects and which by the insolencie of of certayne lewde persons without any consent of the principall lords hath often bene violated betweene vs and you and mutually betweene the subiects of vs both may be put in perpetuall vre and obtaine full strength in time to come sithens hereupon by Gods assistance it is to be hoped that vnspeakeable commodity and quiet will redound vnto both parts may it seeme good vnto your discretion as it seemeth expedient vnto vs that some messengers of yours sufficiently authorised to parle agree and conclude with our deputy about the mutuall contraction of a perpetuall league and confirmation of friendship may with all conuenient speede be sent vnto our presence At whose arriuall not onely in this busines so profitable and behoouefull but also in certaine other affaires concerning the former treaties and conclusions they may yea and of necessitie must greatly auayle Wherefore our entirely beloued friend euen as vpon confidence of the premisses we haue thought good to grant vnto the marchants and subiects of our realme full authority to resort vnto your dominions so we doe in like maner graunt vnto your marchants and subiects free licence and liberty with their marchandises and goods securely to come into our realmes and dominions there to stay and at their pleasures thence to returne home Moreouer if Arnold Dassel who last of all presented your foresayd letters vnto vs shal thinke good in the meane season to make his abode here in our dominions as in very deede it is expedient he may both by serious consideration and deliberate consulting with our commissioners more conueniently and prosperously finde out wayes and meanes for the more speedy expedition of all the premisses Fare ye well in Christ. Giuen vnder our priuie seale at our palace of Westminster the seuenth of March in the yere of our lord 1408 according to the computation of the Church of England and in the tenth yere of our reigne A new concord concluded between king Henry the 4. and Vlricus de Iungingen Master generall of Prussia in the yeare of our Lord 1409. BY this indenture or letters indented be it euidently knowen for the perpetual memory of the matter vnto all faithfull Christians that the noble honourable personages Richard Merlowe Maior and citizen of London Master Iohn Kington clerke and William Askham citizen and Alderman of the same citie the commissioners of the most soueraigne prince and lord L. Henrie by the grace of God king of England and France and lord of Ireland and Tidericus de Longenthorpe knight Lefardus de Hereford burgomaster of Elbing and Iohn Crolowe citizen of the citie of Dantzik the procurators commissioners deputies and messengers of the right noble and religious personage Fr. Vlricus de Iungingen Master general of the order of the Dutch knights of S. Maries hospital of Ierusalem hauing in the names of the sayd king and Master by vertue of the power on both parts committed vnto them sufficient authority haue appointed and with one consent agreed vpon all and singular the things vnder written Imprimis for the conseruation of mutuall loue and wonted amiâ—ie and for the tranquilitie of sweete amiable peace it is decreed and ordained that all and singular the liege people subiects of the Realme of England and the Marchants of the territories dominions of the said Realme and all other persons of what state or condition soeuer shall and may safely and securely as well by land as by water enter into the parts of Prussia and there mutually conuerse and freely after the maner of Marchants exercise traffique aswell with the Prussians as with others of what nation or qualitie soeuer there also make their abode and thence vnto their owne homes and dwelling places returne and depart vnto any place whither and so often as they shall thinke good as well by land as by water with their goods marchandize and wares whatsoeuer faithfully paying in the meane time all rights customes due in regard of their said wares and marchandize Reserued alwaies vnto the said Master and his successours all right and remedie ordained granted and vouchsafed in certaine obligations by our Lord the king whereof mention shall be made in the articles following Item it is ordained that all and singular the subiects of the said Master generall and of his order of what state and condition soeuer shall and may as well by water as by land enter into the kingdome of England and into the territories and dominions thereof and there mutually conuerse and freely after the maner of Marchants exercise traffique as well with all English people as with others of what nation or qualitie soeuer and there also make their abode and thence returne vnto their owne habitations and dwelling places and to depart whither they will and as oft as they shall thinke good as well by land as by water with their goods marchandize and wares whatsoeuer truely paying in the meane time all rights and customes due in regard of their said wares and Marchandize Reserued alwayes vnto the said soueraigne king his heires and successours all rights and remedies ordained and graunted vnto them in certaine obligations by the commissioners and procurators of the said Master generall aboue-named and in the name of the said Master generall Item it is with one consent agreed vpon promised and graunted that for all and singular damages grieuances and robberies howsoeuer done and committed before the date of these presents against the foresaid soueraigne Prince and his subiects whatsoeuer and all others which at the time
for the preseruation of his most excellent Maiestie his crown Imperiall of his realmes of England and Ireland and to serue his grace the Realme and this present voyage truely and not to giue vp intermit or leaue off the said voyage and enâ—erprise vntill it shal be accomplished to farre forth as possibilitie and life of man may serue or extend Therfore it behoueth euery person in his degree as well for conscience as for dueties sake to remember his said charge and the accomplishment thereof 3 Item where furthermore euery mariner or passengeâ— in his ship hath giuen like othe to bee obedient to the Captaine generall and to euery Captaine and master in his ship for the obseruation of these present orders contained in this booke and all other which hereafter shal be made by the 12. counsailers in this present book named or the most part of them for the better conduction and preseruation of the flette and atchieuing of the voyage and to be prompt ready and obedient in all acts and feates of honesty reason and duetie to be ministred shewed executed in aduancement and preferment of the voyage and exploit therfore it is conuenient that this present booke shall once euery weeke by the discretion of the Captaine be read to the said companie to the intent that euery man may the better remember his othe conscience duetie and charge 4 Item euery person by vertue of his othe to doe effectually with good wil as farre forth as him shall complie all and euery such act and acts deede and deeds as shal be to him or them from time to time commanded committed and enioyned during the voyage by the Captain generall with the assent of the Counsell and assistants as well in and during the whole Nauigation and voyage as also in discouering and landing as cases and occasions shall require 5 Item all courses in Nauigation to be set and kept by the aduice of the Captaine Pilot maior masters masters mates with the assents of the counsailers and the most number of them and in voyces vniformely agreeing in one to preuaile and take place so that the Captaine generall shall in all counsailes and assemblies haue a double voyce 6 Item that the fleete shal keep together and not separate themselues asunder as much as by winde weather may be done or permitted that the Captaines Pilots masters shall speedily come aboord the Admiral when and as often as he shall seeme to haue iust cause to assemble them for counsaile or consultation to be had concerning the affaires of the fleete and voyage 7 Item that the marchants and other skilful persons in writing shal daily write describe and put in memorie the Nauigation of euery day and night with the points and obseruation of the lands tides elements altitude of the sunne course of the moon and starres and the same so noted by the order of the Master and pilot of euery ship to be put in writing the captaine generall assembling the masters together once euery weeke if winde and weather shal serue to conferre all the obseruations and notes of the said ships to the intent it may appeare wherein the notes do agree and wherein they dissent and vpon good debatement deliberation and conclusion determined to put the same into a common leger to remain of record for the company the like order to be kept in proportioning of the Cardes Astrolabes and other instruments prepared for the voyage at the charge of the companie 8 Item that all enterprises and exploits of discouering or landing to search Iles regions and such like to be searched attempted and enterprised by good deliberation and common assent determined aduisedly And that in all enterprises notable ambassages suites requests or presentment of giftes or presents to Princes to be done and executed by the captaine generall in person or by such other as he by common assent shall appoint or assigne to doe or cause to be done in the same 9 Item the steward and cooke of euery ship and their associats to giue and render to the captaine and other head officers of their shippe weekely or oftner if it shall seeme requisite a iust or plaine and perfect accompt of expenses of the victuals as wel flesh fish bisket meate or bread as also of beere wine oyle or vineger and all other kinde of viâ—â—ualling vnder their charge and they and euery of them so to order and dispeâ—de the same that no waste or vnprofitable excesse be made otherwise then reason and necessitie shall command 10 Item when any inferiour or meane officer of what degree or condition he shal be shal be tried vntrue remisse negligent or vnprofitable in or about his office in the voyage or not to vse him selfe in his charge accordingly then euery such officer to be punished or remoued at the discretion of the captaine and assistants or the most part of them and the person so remoued not to be reputed accepted or taken from the time of his remoue any more for an officer but to remaine in such condition and place as hee shall be assigned vnto and none of the companie to resist such chastisement or worthie punishment as shal be ministred vnto him moderately according to the fault or desert of his offence after the lawes and common customes of the seas in such cases heretofore vsed and obserued 11 Item if any Mariner or officer inferiour shal be found by his labour not meete nor worthie the place that he is presently shipped for such person may bee vnshipped and put on lande at any place within the kings Maiesties realme dominion and one other person more able and worthy to be put in his place at the discretion of the captaine and masters order to be taken that the partie dismissed shal be allowed proportionably the value of that he shall haue deserued to the time of his dismission or discharge he to giue order with sureties pawn or other assurance to repay the ouerplus of that he shall haue receiued which he shall not haue deserued such wages to be made with the partie newly placed as shal be thought reasonable and he to haue the furniture of al such necessaries as were prepared for the paâ—tie dismissed according to right and conscience 12 Item that no blaspheming of God or detestable swearing be vsed in any ship nor communication of ribaldrie filthy tales or vngodly talke to be suffred in the company of any ship neither dicing carding tabling nor other diuelish games to be frequented whereby ensueth not onely pouertie to the players but also strife variance brauling fighting and oftentimes murther to the vtter destruction of the parties and prouoking of Gods most iust wrath and sworde of vengeance These and all such like pestilences and contagious of vices and sinnes to bee eschewed and the offenders once monished and not reforming to bee punished at the discretion of the captaine and master as appertaineth 13 Item
that morning and euening prayer with other common seruices appointed by the kings Maiestie and lawes of this Realme to be read and saide in euery ship daily by the minister in the Admirall and the marchant or some other person learned in other ships and the Bible or paraphrases to be read deuoutly and Christianly to Gods honour and for his grace to be obtained and had by humble and heartie praier of the Nauigants accordingly 14 Item that euery officer is to be charged by Inuentorie with the particulars of his charge and to render a perfect accompt of the diffraying of the same together with modest temperate dispending of powder shot and vse of all kinde of artillery which is not to be misused but diligently to be preserued for the necessary defence of the fleete and voyage together with due keeping of all instruments of your Nauigation and other requisites 15 Item no liquor to be spilt on the balast nor filthines to be left within boord the cook room and all other places to be kept cleane for the better health of the companie the gromals pages to bee brought vp according to the laudable order and vse of the Sea as well in learning of Nauigation as in exercising of that which to them appertaineth 16 Item the liueries in apparel giuen to the mariners be to be kept by the marchants and not to be worne but by the order of the captaine when he shall see cause to muster or shewe them in good aray for the aduancement and honour of the voyage and the liueries to bee redeliuered to the keeping of the marchants vntill it shal be thought conuenient for euery person to haue the ful vse of his garment 17 Item when any mariner or any other passenger shal haue neede of any necessarie furniture of apparell for his body and conseruation of his health the same shall bee deliuered him by the Marchant at the assignement of the captaine and Master of that shippe wherein such needie person shall be at such reasonable price as the same cost without any gaine to be exacted by the marchants the value therof to be entred by the marchant in his booke and the same to be discounted off the parties wages that so shal receiue and weare the same 18 Item the sicke diseased weake and visited person within boord to be tendred relieued comforted and holpen in the time of his infirmitie and euery maner of person without respect to beare anothers burden and no man to refuse such labour as shall be put to him for the most benefite and publike wealth of the voyage and enterprise to be atchieued exactly 19 Item if any person shal fortune to die or miscary in the voyage such apparell and other goods as he shall haue at the time of his death is to be kept by the order of the captaine and Master of the shippe and an inuentorie to be made of it and conserued to the vse of his wife and children or otherwise according to his mind and wil and the day of his death to be entred in the Marchants and Stewards bookes to the intent it may be knowen what wages he shall haue deserued to his death and what shall rest due to him 20 Item that the Marchants appointed for this present voyage shall not make any shew or sale of any kind of marchandizes or open their commodities to any forrein princes or any of their subiects without the consent priuitie or agreement of the Captaines the cape Marchants and the assistants or foure of them whereof the captaine generall the Pilot Maior and cape marchant to be three and euery of the pettie marchants to shewe his reckoning to the cape marchant when they or any of them shall be required and no commutation or trucke to be made by any of the petie marchants without the assent abouesaid and all wares and commodities trucked bought or giuen to the companie by way of marchandise trucke or any other respect to be booked by the marchants and to be wel ordred packed and conseâ—â—ed in one masse entirely and not to be broken or altered vntil the shippes shall returne to the right discharges and inuentorie of al goods wares and marchandises so trucked bought or otherwise dispended to be presented to the Gouernor Consuls and Assistants in London in good order to the intent the Kings Maiestie may be truly answered of that which to his grace by his grant of corporation is limited according to our most bound dueties and the whole companie also to haue that which by right vnto them appertaineth and no embezelment shall be vsed but the truth of the whole voyage to bée opened to the common wealth and benefite of the whole companie and mysterie as appertaineth without guilt fraude or male engine 21 Item no particular person to hinder or preiudicate the common stocke of the company in sale of preferment of his own proper wares and things and no particular emergent or purchase to be employed to any seuerall profite vntill the common stocke of the companie shall be furnished and no person to hinder the common benefite in such purchases or contingents as shal fortune to any one of them by his owne proper policie industrie or chance nor no contention to rise in that behalfe by any occasion of iewel stone pearles precious mettals or other things of the region where it shall chance the same to rise or to be found bought trucked permuted or giuen but euery person to be bounden in such case and vpon such occasion by order and directionâ— as the generall captaine and the Councell shall establish and determine to whose order and discretion the same is left for that of things vncertaine no certaine rules may or can be giuâ—n 22 Item not to disclose to any nation the state of our religion but to passe it ouer in silence without any declaration of it seeming to beare with such lawes and rites as the place hath where you shall arriue 23 Item for as much as our people and shippes may appeare vnto them strange and wonderous and theirs also to ours it is to be considered how they may be vsed learning much of their natures and dispositions by some one such person as you may first either allure or take to be brought aboord your ships and there to learne as you may without violence or force and no woman to be tempted or intreated to incontinencie or dishonestie 24 Item the person so taken to be well entertained vsed and apparelled to be set on land to the intent that he or she may allure other to draw nigh to shewe the commodities and if the person taken may be made drunke with your beere or wine you shal know the secrets of his heart 25 Item our people may not passe further into a lande then that they may be able to recouer their pinnesses or ships not to credit the faire words of the strange people which be many times tried
e Emperour such further grants and priuiledges to be made to this companie as may be beneficiall for the same to continue in traffike with his subiects according to such instructions as bee in this behalfe deuised and deliuered to the Agents whereunto relation is to be had and some one of these persons to attend vpon the court for the obtaining of the same as to their discretions shal be thought good 4 Item that all the saide Agents doe well consider ponder and weigh such articles as bee deliuered to them to know the natures dispositions lawes customes maners and behauiours of the people of the countreis where they shal traffike as well of the Nobilitie as of the Lawyers Marchants Mariners and common people and to note diligently the subtilties of their bargaining buying and selling making as fewe debtes as possiblie may bee and to bee circumspect that no lawe neither of religion nor positiue bee broken or transgressed by them or any minister vnder them ne yet by any mariner or other person of our nation and to foresee that all tolles customes and such other rites be so duely paid that no forfeiture or confiscation may ensue to our goods either outward or inward and that al things passe with quiet without breach of the publike peace or common tranquillitie of any of the places where they shall arriue or traffique 5 Item that prouision bee made in Mosco or elswhere in one or mo good townes where good trade shall be found for a house or houses for the Agents and companie to inhabite and dwell at your accustomed diets with warehouses sellers and other houses of offices requisite and that none of the inferiour ministers of what place or vocation soeuer he be doe lie out of the house of the Agents without licence to be giuen and that euery inferiour officer shal be obedient to the orders rules and gouernments of the said Agents and in case any disobient person shall be found among any of them then such person to be punished for his misbehauiour at the discretion of the said Agents or of one of them in the absence of the other 6 Item if any person of the said ministers shall be of such pride or obstinacie that after one or two honest admonitions hee will not bee reformed nor reconciled from his faultes then the saide Agents to displace euery such person from the place or roume to him heere committed and some other discreete person to occupie the same as to the saide Agents by their discretions shal seeme meete 7 Item if any person shall bee found so arrogant that he will not be ordered nor reformed by the said Agents or by one of them in the absence of the other then the sayde person to bee deliuered to the Iustice of the countrey to receiue such punishment as the lawes of the countrey doe require 8 Item that the saide Agents and factours shall daily one houre in the morning conferre and consult together what shall bee most conuenient and beneficiall for the companie and such orders as they shall determine to bee written by the Secretarie of the companie in a booke to bee prouided for that purpose and no inferiour person to infringe or breake any such order or deuise but to obserue the same exactly vpon such reasonable paine as the Agents shall put him to by discretion 9 Item that the said Agents shall in the ende of euerie weeke or oftener as occasion shall require peruse see and trie not onely the Casshers bookes reckonings and accounts firming the same with their handes but also shall receiue and take wâ—â—kly the account of euery other officer as well of the Vendes as of the â—mpteous and also of the sâ—ate of the houshold expenses making thereof a perfect declaration as shall appertaine the same accounts also to bee firmed by the saide Agents hands 10 Item that no inferiour minister shall take vpon him to make any bargaine or sale of any wares marchandises or goods but by the Commission and Warrantise of the sayde Agents vnder their handes and hee not to transgresse his Commission by any way pretense or colour 11 Item that euery inferiour minister that is to vnderstand all Clerks and yong merchants being at the order of the saide Agents shall ride goe saile and trauaile to all such place and places as they or hee shall be appointed vnto by the saide Agents and effectually to follow and do all that which to him or them shall be committed well and truely to the most benefite of the company according to the charge to him or them committed euen as by their othes dueties and bondes of their masters they be bounden and charged to doe 12 Item that at euery moneths end all accounts and reckonings shal be brought into perfect order into the Lidger or memoriall and the decrees orders and rules of the Agents together with the priuileges and copies of letters may and shall be well and truely written by the secretarie in such forme as shal be appointed for it and that copies of all their doings may be sent home with the said ship at her returne 13 Item that all the Agents doe diligently learne and obserue all kinde of wares as wel naturals as forrein that be beneficiall for this Realme to be sold for the benefit of the company and what kinde of our commodities and other things of these West partes bee most vendible in those Realmes with profite giuing a perfect aduise of all such things requisite 14 Item if the Emperour will enter into bargain with you for the whole masse of your stock and will haue the trade of it to vtter to his owne subiects then debating the master prudently among your selues set such high prises of your commodities as you may assure your selues to be gainers in your owne wares and yet to buy theirs at such base prises as you may here also make a commodâ—tie and gaine at home hauing in your mindes the notable charges that the companie haue diffrayed in aduancing this voyage and the great charges that they sustaiâ—e dayly in wages victuals and other things all which must bee requâ—ted by the wise handling of this voyage which being the first president shal be a perpetual prâ—â—idâ—nt foreuer and therefore all circumspection is to be vsed and foreseene in this first enterprise which God blesse and prosper vnder you to his glorie and the publike wealth of this Realme wheâ—eof the Queenes Maiestie and the Lords of the Councell haue conceiued great hope whose expectations are not to be frustrated 15 Item it is to be had in minde that you vse all wayes and meanes possible to learne howe men may passe from Russia either by land or by sea to Cathaia and what may be heard of our other ships and to what knowledge you may come by conferring with the learned or well trauailed persons either naturall or forrein such as haue trâ—uailed from the North to the South 16 Item it is committed
places at their pleasure and liberty by sea land or fresh waters may depart and exercise all kinde of merchandizes in our empire and dominions and euery part thereof freely and quietly without any restraint impeachment price exaction prest straight custome â—oll imposition or subsidie to be demanded taxed or paid or at any time hereafter to be demaÌ„ded taxed set leuied or inferred vpon them or any of them or vpon their goods ships wares marchandizes and things of for or vpon any part or parcell thereof or vpon the goods ships wares merchandizes and things of any of them so that they shall not need any other safe conduct or licence generall ne speciall of vs our heires or successours neither shall be bound to aske any safe conduct or licence in any of the aforesaid places subiect vnto vs. 2 Item we giue and graunt to the said marchants this power and liberty that they ne any of them ne their goods wares marchandizes or things ne any part thereof shal be by any meanes within our dominions landes countreyes castles townes villages or other place or places of our iurisdiction aâ— any time heereafter attached staied arrested ne disturbed for anie debt duetie or other thing for the which they be not principall debters or sureties ne also for any offence or trespasse committed or that shall be committed but onely for such as they or any of them shall actually commit and the same offences if any such happen shall bee by vs onely heard and determined 3 Item we giue and graunt that the said Marchants shal and may haue free libertie power and authoritie to name choose and assigne brokers shippers packers weighers measurers wagoners and all other meet and necessary laborers for to serue them in their feat of marchandises and minister and giue vnto them and euery of them a corporall othe to serue them well and truely in their offices and finding them or any of them doing contrary to his or their othe may punish and dismisse them and from time to time choose sweare and admit other in their place or places without contradiction let vexation or disturbance either of vs our heires or successors or of any other our Iustices officers ministers or subiects whatsoeuer 4 Item we giue and graunt vnto the saide Marchants and their successours that such person as is or shal be commended vnto vs our heires or successors by the Gouernour Consuls and assistants of the said fellowship restant within the citie of London within the realme of England to be their chiefe Factor within this our empire and dominions may and shal haue ful power and authoritie to gouerne and rule all Englishmen that haue had or shall haue accesse or repaire in or to this said Empire and iurisdictions or any part thereof and shal and may minister vnto them and euery of them good iustice in all their causes plaints quarrels and disorders betweene them moued and to be moued and assemble deliberate consult conclude define determine and make such actes and ordinancesâ— as he so commended with his Assistants shall thinke good and meete for the good order gouernment and rule of the said Marchants and all other Englishmen repairing to this our saide empire and dominions or any part thereof and to set and leuie vpon all and euery Englishmenâ— offender or offenders of such their acts and ordinances made and to be made penalties and mulâ—ts by fine or imprisonment 5 Item if it happen that any of the saide Marchants or other Englishman as one or more doe rebell against such chiefe Factor or Factors or his or their deputies and will not dispose him or themselues to obey them and euery of them as shall appertaine if the saide Rebels or disobedients doe come and bee founde in our saide Empire and iurisdictions or any part and place thereof then wee promise and graunt that all and euery our officers ministers and subiects shall effectually ayde and assist the saide chiefe Factour or Factours and their deputies and for their power shall really woorke to bring such rebell or disobedient rebels or disobedients to due obedience And to that intent shall lende vnto the same Factour or Factours and their deputies vpon request therefore to be made prisons and instruments for punishments â—rom time to time 6 Item we promise vnto the saide Marchants and their successours vpon their request to exhibite and doe vnto them good exact and fauourable iustice with expedition in all their causes and that when they or any of them shall haue accesse or come to or before any of our Iustices for any their plaints mooued and to bee mooued betweene any our subiects or other stranger and them or any of them that then they shal be first and forthwith heard as soon as the party whâ—ch they shal find before our Iustices shal be depeached which party being heard forthwith and assoone as may be the said English marchants shall be ridde and dispatched And if any action shall be moued by or against any of the said Marchants being absent out of our saide empire and dominions then such Marchants may substitute an â—tturney in all and singular his causes to be followed as need shall require and as shall seeme to him expedient 7 Item wee graunt and promise to the saide Marchants and to their successours that if the same Marchants or â—ny of them shall bee wounded or which God forbid slaine in any part or place of our Empire or dominions then good information thereof giuen Wee and our Iustices and other officers shall execute due correction and punishment without delay according to the exigence of the case so that it shall bee an example to all other not to commit the like And if it shall chaunce the factors seruants or ministers of the saide Marchants or any of them to trespasse or offende whereby they or any of them shall incurre the danger of death or punishment the goods wares marchandizes and things of their Masters shall not therefoore bee forfaited confiscated spoiled ne seised by any meanes by vs our heires or successours or by any our officers ministers or subiects but shall remaine to their vse franke free and discharged from all punishment and losse 8 Item we graunt that if any of the English nation be arrested for any debt he shal not be laid in prison so farre as he can put in sufficient suretie and pawne neither shall any sergeant or officer leade them or any of them to prison before he shall haue knowen whether the chiefe Factor or factors or their deputies shal be sureties or bring in pawne for such arrested then the officers shal release the partie and shall set hâ—m or them at libertie 9 Moreouer wee giue graunt and promise to the saide Marchants that if any of their ships or other vessels shall bee spoyled robbed or damnified in sayling anckoring or returning to or from our saide Empires and Dominions or any part thereof by any Pirats Marchants or other person
of the said Volga in the latitude of 46. degrees 54. minutes the coast lying neerest East and by South and West and by North. At the point of this land lieth buried a holy Prophet as the Tartars call him of their law where great deuotion is vsed of all such Mahometists as doe passe that way The nineteenth day the winde being West and we winding Eastsoutheast we sailed tenne leagues and passed by a great riuer called Iaic which hath his spring in the lande of Siberia nigh vnto the foresaid riuer Cama and runneth through the lande of Nagay falling into this Mare Caspium And vp this riuer one dayes iourney is a Towne called Serachick subiect to the aforesaid Tartar prince called Murse Smille which is nowe in friendship with the Emperour of Russia Here is no trade of merchandize vsed for that the people haue no vse of money and are all men of warre and pasturers of cattel and giuen much to theft and murther Thus being at an anker against this riuer Iaic and all our men being on land sauing I who lay sore sicke and fiue Tartars whereof one was reputed a holy man because he came from Mecka there came vnto vs a boate with thirtie men well armed and appointed who boorded vs and began to enter into our barke and our holy Tartar called Azy perceiuing that asked them what they would haue and with all made a prayer with that these rouers staied declaring that they were Gentlemen banished from their countrey and out of liuing came to see if there were any Russes or other Christians which they call Caphars in our barke To whom this Azi most stoutly answered that there were none auowing the same by great othes of their lawe which lightly they will not breake whom the rouers beleeued and vpon his words departed And so through the fidelitie of that Tartar I with all my company and goods were saued and our men being come on boord and the wind faire we departed from that place and winding East and Southeast that day being the 20. of August sailed 16. leagues The 21. day we passed ouer a Bay of 6. leagues broad and fell with a Cape of land hauing two Islands at the Southeast part thereof being a good marke in the sea doubling that Cape the land trended Northeast and maketh another Bay into which falleth the great riuer Yem springing out of the land Colmack The 22.23 and 24. dayes we were at an anker The 25. the winde came faire and wee sailed that day 20. leagues and passed by an Island of lowe land and thereabout are many flats and sands and to the Northward of this Island there goeth in a great Bay but we set off from this Island and winded South to come into deepe water being much troubled with shoalds flats and ran that course 10. leagues then East Southeast 20. leagues and fel with the maine land being full of copped hils and passing along the coast 20. leagues the further we sailed the higher was the land The 27. day we crossed ouer a Bay the South shore being the higher land and fel with a high point of land being ouerthwart the Cape there â—ose such a storme at the East that we thought verily we should haue perished this storme continued 3. dayes From this Cape we passed to a port called Manguslaue The place where we should haue arriued at the Southermost part of the Caspian sea is 12. leagues within a Bay but we being sore tormented and tossed with this forsaid storme were driuen vnto another land on y e other side the Bay ouerthwart the sayd Manguslaue being very lowe land and a place as well for the ill commoditie of the hauen as of those brute field people where neuer barke nor boate had before arriued not liked of vs. But yet here we sent certaine of our men to land to talke with the gouernour and people as well for our good vsage at their handes as also for prouision of camels to carry our goods from the sayd sea side to a place called Sellyzure being from the place of our landing fiue and twentie dayes iourney Our messengers returned with comfortable wordes and faire promises of all things Wherefore the 3. day of September 1558. we discharged our barke and I with my companie were gently entertained of the Prince of his people But before our departure from thence we found them to be very bad and brutish people for they ceased not daily to molest vs either by fighting stealing or begging raising the prise of horse and camels victuals double that it was woont there to be and forced vs to buy the water that we did drinke which caused vs to hasten away and to conclude with them as well for the hire of camels as for the prise of such as wee bought with other prouision according to their owne demaund So that for euery camels lading being but 400. waight of ours we agreed to giue three hides of Russia and foure wooden dishes and to the Prince or gouernour of the sayd people one ninth and two seuenths Namely nine seuerall things and twise seuen seuerall things for money they vse none And thus being ready the foureteenth of September we departed from that place being a Carauan of a thousand camels And hauing trauailed fiue dayes iourney we came to another Princes Dominion and vpon the way there came vnto vs certaine Tartars on horseback being well armed and seruants vnto the saide Prince called Timor Soltan gouernour of the said countrey of Manguslaue where wee meant to haue arriued and discharged our barke if the great storm aforesayd had not disappointed These aforesaid Tartars stayd our Carauan in the name of their Prince and opened our wares and tooke such things as they thought best for their saide prince without money but for such things as they tooke from me which as a ninth after much dissension I ridde vnto the same Prince and presented my selfe before him requesting his fauour and pasport to trauaile through his countrey and not to be robbed nor spoiled of his people which request he graunted me and intertained me very gently commaunding me to be well feasted with flesh and mares milke for bread they vse none nor other drinke except water but money he had none to giue mee for such things as he tooke of mee which might be of value in Russe money fifteene rubbles but he gaue me his letter and a horse woorth seuen rubbles And so I departed from him being glad that I was gone for he was reported to be a very tyrant and if I had not gone vnto him I vnderstoode his commaundement was that I should haue beene robbed and destroyed This Soltan liued in the fieldes without Castle or towne and sate at my being with him in a litle rounde house made of reedes couered without with felt and within with Carpets There was with him the great Metropolitan of that wilde
the Tartarian tongue Cara-calmack inhabited with blacke people but in Cathay the most part therof stretching to the sunne rising are people white and of faire complexion Their religion also as the Tartars report is christian or after the maner of Christians and their language peculiar differing from the Tartarian tongue There are no great and furious Beares in trauelling through the waies aforesaid but wolues white and blacke And because that woods are not of such quantitie there as in these parts of Russia but in maner rather scant then plentiful as is reported the Beares breed not that way but some other beasts as namely one in Russe called Barse are in those coasts This Barse appeareth by a skinne of one seene here to sell to be nere so great as a big lion spotted very faire and therefore we here take it to be a Leopard or Tiger Note that 20 daies iourney from Cathay is a countrey named Angrim where liueth the beast that beareth the best Muske the principall therof is cut out of the knee of the male The people are taunie for that the men are not bearded nor differ in complexion from women they haue certaine tokens of iron that is to say the men weare the sunne round like a bosse vpon their shoulders and women on their priuie parts Their feeding is raw flesh in the same land and in another called Titay the Duke there is called Can. They worship the fire and it is 34 dayes iourney from great Cathay and in the way lyeth the beautifull people eating with kniues of golde and are called Comorom and the land of small people is neerer the Mosko then Cathay The instructions of one of Permia who reporteth he had bene at Cathay the way before written and also another way neere the sea coast as foloweth which note was sent out of Russia from Giles Holmes FIrst from the prouince of Dwina is knowen the way to Pechora and from Pechora traueiling with Olens or harts is sixe dayes iourney by land and in the Sommer as much by water to the riuer of Ob. The Ob is a riuer full of flats the mouth of it is 70. Russe miles ouer And from thence three dayes iourney on the right hand is a place called Chorno-lese to say in English blacke woods and from thence neere hand is a people called Pechey-cony wearing their haire by his description after the Irish fashion From Pechey-cony to Ioult Calmachey three dayes iourney from thence to Chorno Callachay three dayes tending to the Southeast These two people are of the Tartarian faith and tributaries to the great Can. Here follow certaine countreys of the Samoeds which dwell vpon the riuer Ob and vpon the sea coasts beyond the same taken out of the Russe tongue word by word and trauailed by a Russe borne in Colmogro whose name was Pheodor Towtigin who by report was slaine in his second voyage in one of the said countreys VPon the East part beyond the countrey of Vgori the riuer Ob is the most Westermost part thereof Upon the sea coast dwell Samoeds and their countrey is called Molgomsey whose meate is flesh of Olens or Harts and Fish and doe eate one another sometimes among themselues And if any Marchants come vnto them then they kill one of their children for their sakes to feast them withall And if a Marchant chance to die with them they burie him not but eate him and so doe they eate them of their owne countrey likewise They be euill of sight and haue small noses but they be swift and shoote very well and they trauaile on Harts and on dogges and their apparell is Sables and Harts skinnes They haue no Marchandise but Sables onely 2 Item on the same coast or quarter beyond those people and by the sea side also doth dwell another kinde of Samoeds in like maner hauing another language One moneth in the yeere they liue in the sea and doe not come or dwell on the dry land for that moneth 3 Item beyond these people on the sea coast there is another kinde of Samoeds their meate is flesh and fish and their merchandise are Sables white and blacke Foxes which the Rusles call Pselts and Harts skinnes and Fawnes skinnes The relation of Chaggi Memet a Persian Marchant to Baptista Ramusius and other notable citizens of Venice touching the way from Tauris the chiefe citie of Persia to Campion a citie of Cathay ouer land in which voyage he himselfe had passed before with the Carauans dayes iourney FRom Tauris to Soltania 6 From Soltania to Casbin 4 From Casbin to Veremi 6 From Veremi to Eri. 15 From Eri to Boghara 20 Frō Boghara to Samarchand 5 From Samarchand to Cascar 25 From Cascar to Acsu 20 From Acsu to Cuchi 20 From Cuchi to Chialis 10 From Chialis to Turfon 10 From Turfon to Camul 13 From Camul to Succuir 15 From Succuir to Gauta 5 From Gauta to Campion 6 Which Campion is a citie of the Empire of Cathay in the prouince of Tangut from whence the greatest quantitie of Rubarbe commeth A letter of Sigismond king of Polonia written in the 39. yeere of his reigne to Elizabeth the Queenes most excellent Maiestie of England c. SIgismudus Augustus by the grace of God king of Polonia great Duke of Lituania Russia Prussia Massouia and Samogetia c. Lord and heire c. to the most Noble Princesse Ladie Elizabeth by the same grace of God Queene of England France and Ireland c. our deare sister and kinsewoman greeting and increase of all felicitie Whereas your Maiestie writeth to vs that you haue receiued two of our letters wee haue looked that you should haue answered to them both First to the one in which we intreated more at large in forbidding the voyage to Narue which if it had bene done we had bene vnburdened of so often writing of one matter and might haue answered your Maiestie much better to the purpose Now we thus answere to your Maiestie to those matters of the which you writte to vs the 3 of October from Windsore First forasmuch as your Maiestie at the request of our letters hath discharged the arrest of Marchants goods and of the names of the men of Danske our subiects which was set vpon them by the commandement of your Maiestie and also haue restored the olde and ancient libertie of traffique we acknowledge great pleasure done vnto vs in the same and also thinke it to bee done according to common agreement made in times past Neither were we euer at any time of any other opinion touching your Maiestie but that wee should obtaine right and reason at your hands Forasmuch as we likewise shall at all times be ready to grant to your Maiestie making any request for your subiects so farre as shall stand with iustice yet neither will we yeeld any thing to your Maiestie in contention of loue beneuolence and mutuall office
I hope in God to vse things in such order that yeerly you shall haue returne of your goods from hence as you haue forth of Russeland and in those ships For if we may as I doubt not with diligence prouide to make sales in time and with speed receiue silke at the Shaughs hand and other mens that it may be sent from hence to be in Astracan at the beginning of Aprill from whence it may be sent to Colmogro in three moneths and lesse and there to be ready with the rest of your goods by the end of Iune for your ships to receiue that will be time inough This I doubt not to bring to passe within a yeere or two when we are throughly setled in these parts and better knowen Moreouer you shall vnderstand that at my last being in the presence of the Shaugh it was sayd to mee that M. Anthonie Ienkinson did proffer to take all the rawe silke in those parties deliuering cloth and other commodities for the same I assure you there is in those parts to be had three or foure thousand horses lading euery horse load being 50. or 60. batmans beside silke of Grosin Great abundance of silke at times is sent out of these parts to wit 4. or 5. hundred horse lodes at a time by the Turkes who bring great store of siluer to be coined to wit Dollars at ten shaughs the piece The Hungarie Ducket is at 12. shaughs And hauing money in readines at the time of the yeere they buy silke the better cheape when the countrey men bring it first to be sold. If your worships may bargaine with the Venetians to take silke at your hands or otherwise deale with them I doe not mistrust but to haue at the Shaughs hand sixe batmans of silke for two pieces and a halfe of karsies Your good aduise herein and in other matters I trust you will write with conuenient speed Master Antonie Ienkinson hath deserued great commendation at all your worships hands for the good report of his well and wise doings in those parts was oftentimes a comfort to me to heare thereof and some good helpe to me in my proceedings To this day I neuer heard from any of our merchants God graunt me in health to see your worships for I haue had a carefull trauell with many a sorowfull day and vnquiet sleepes Neither had I the company of one English person to whom sometimes I might haue â—ased my pensiue heart as God well knoweth who hath deliuered me from mine enemies Thus almightie God graunt you in health and wealth long to liue Your humble seruant at commandement during life Arthur Edwards Another letter of Arthur Edwards written in Astracan the 16. of Iune 1567â— at his returne in his first voiage out of Persia to the right worshipfull Companie trading into Russia Persia and other the North and Northeast partes IT may please your Worships that herein I haue written not onely certaine articles of your priuiledge but also the Gouernours names with the Consuls Assistants and generalitie Also such commodities as the Prince or Emperour of the Countrey hath written in one of his letters directed to your Worships to be sent him with other notes which I thought good to be remembred as may appeare hereafter following Your priuiledge is written graunted and giuen in the names of these sixe persons following to wit sir William Garrard sir William Chester gouernours sir Thomas Lodge master Anthony Ienkinson master Thomas Nicols and Arthur Edwards 1 First it is granted that you shall pay no maner of customes or tols any kinde of wayes now nor in time comming vnto his heires after him And that all English merchants such as you shall appoint now and hereafter shall and may passe and repasse into all places of his dominions and other countries adioining in the trade of merchandize to buy and sell all maner of commodities with all maner of persons 2 Item that in all places where any of our merchants shall haue their resort or abiding his chiefe Gouernours Rulers and Iustices shall take heed vnto vs being our aide defence against all euil persons punishing those that shall do vs any wrong 3 Item that for all such debts as shall be owing by any maner of person iustice shal be done on the partie and we paid at the day 4 Item that no maner of persons of whatsoeuer estate or degree they be of shall be so hardie as to take any kind of wares or any gifts without any leaue and good will 5 Item if by chance medley any of our merchants or seruants as God forbid should kill any of his subiects that no part of your goods shall be touched or medled withall neither any partie but the offendour and true iustice to bee ministred and being any of vs not to suffer without the Princes knowledge and aduise 6 Item that all such debts as are now owing or hereafter shall be are to be paied vnto any of vs in the absence of the other be the partie dead or aliue 7 Item that no person returne any kind of wares backe againe being once bought or sold. 8 Item that when God shall send your goods to shore presently his people shall helpe vs on land with them These articles before written I trust in God wil content your minds vntill your farther letters be hitherto written vnto the Prince who I am assured will graunt your farther reasonable requests which his maiestie hath promised For I moued the question declaring vnto him that I thought your Worships would write your letters of requests to craue his farther good will as should be thought meet for your better assurance in the trade of merchandize you will hardly beleeue what long and gracious talke he had with mee which I assure you continued two houres which was strange vnto the people other merchant strangers For betwixt euery question that his maiestie moued when I had answered him hee would talke with his Nobles and other his seruants hauing some knowledge of our Westerne parts commodities and then againe would demaund other questions He caused his Secretarie to write the articles before namedâ— in all of his foure letters giuen me whereof two as I required are in the Turkish tongue to be sent you On the backe side of one hee hath written what wares his Maiestie would haue you to send him He held me one houre within night before I departed from him These bee the names of the wares or commodities which on the backe side of one of his letters the Shaugh hath written to you to be sent him FIrst some cloth of Gold with cloth of Tissue and cloth of Botky as Ueluets wrought with gold Item good veluets to wit crimosins purples reds greenes and blackes These colours his maiestie requireth for they are most worne And though there be some of these wares made in his citie of Cassan yet nothing like in goodnes to those that you may procure for
seuen leagues of the Island Vaigats which is in the straight almost halfe way from the coast of Hugorie vnto the coast of Noua Zembla which Island Vaigats and Noua Zembla you shall finde noted in your plat therefore you shall not need to discouer it but proceed on alongst the coast of Hugory towards the riuer Obba There is a Bay betweene the sayd Vaigats and the riuer Obba that doth bite to the Southwards into the land of Hugory in which Bay are two small riuers the one called Cara Reca the other Naramsy as in the paper of notes which are giuen to you herewith may appeare in the which Bay you shall not need to spend any time for searching of it but to direct your course to the riuer Ob if otherwise you be not constrained to keepe alongst the shore and when you come to the riuer Ob you shall not enter into it but passe ouer vnto the Easterne part of the mouth of the sayd riuer And when you are at the Easterne part of the mouth of Obba Reca you shall from thence passe to the Eastwards alongst by the border of the sayd coast describing the same in such perfect order as you can best do it You shall not leaue the sayd coast or border of the land but passe alongst by it at least in sight of the same vntill you haue sailed by it so farre to the Eastwards and the time of the yeere so farre spent that you doe thinke it time for you to returne with your barke to Winter which trauell may well be 300 or 400 leagues to the Eastwards of the Ob if the Sea doe reach so farre as our hope is it doth but and if you finde not the said coast and sea to trend so farre to the Eastwards yet you shall not leaue the coast at any time but proceed alongst by it as it doth lie leauing no part of it vnsearched or seene vnlesse it be some bay or riuer that you doe ceâ—teinly know by the report of the people that you shall finde in those borders or els some certeine tokens whereby you of your selues may iudge it to be so For our hope is that the said border of land and sea doth in short space after you passe the Ob incline East and so to the Southwards And therefore we would haue no part of the land of your starreboord side as you proceed in your discouery to be left vndiscouered But and if the said border of land do not incline so to the Eastwards as we presuppose it but that it doe proue to incline and trend to the Northwards and so ioyne with Noua Zembla making the sea from Vaigats to the Eastwards but a bay yet we will that you do keepe alongst by the said coast and so bring vs certaine report of that forme and maner of the same bay And if it doe so proue to be a bay and that you haue passed round about the same and so by the trending of the land come backe vnto that part of Noua Zembla that is against Vaigats whereas you may from that see the said Island Vaigats if the time of the yeere will permit you you shall from thence passe alongst by the said border and coast of Noua Zembla to the Westwards and so to search whether that part of Noua Zembla doe ioyne with the land that sir Hugh Willoughbie discouered in anno 53. and is in 72 degrees and from that part of Noua Zembla 120 leagues to the Westwards as your plat doeth shew it vnto you and if you doe finde that land to ioyne with Noua Zembla when you come to it you shall proceed further along the same coast if the time of the yere will permit it and that you doe thinke there will be sufficient time for you to returne backe with your barke to Winter either at Pechora or in Russia at your discretion for we refer the same to your good iudgements trusting that you will lose no time that may further your knowledge in this voyage Note you it was the 20 â—f August 56 yer the Serchthrift began to returne backe from her discouerie to Winter in Russia and then she came from the Island Vaigats being forcibly driuen from thence with an Easterly winde and yce and so she came into the riuer Dwina and arriued at Colmogro the 11 of September 56. If the yce had not bene so much that yere as it was in the Streights â—n both sides of the Island Vaigats they in the said pinnesse would that yeere haue discouered the parts that you are now sent to seeke which thing if it had pleased God might haue bene done then but God hath reserued it for some other Which discouerie if it may be made by you it shall not only proue profitable vnto you but it will also purchase perpetuall fame and renowme both to you and our countrey And thus not doubting of your willing desires and forwardnesse towards the same we pray God to blesse you with a lucky beginning fortunate successe and happily to end the same Amen Necessarie notes to be obserued and followed in your discouerie as hereafter followeth WHen your barke with all furniture and necessaries shall be in readinesse for you to depart to the sea if it be that you take your barke at S. Nicholas or any part of Dwina Reca you shall from thence euen as timely in the spring as the yce will permit you saile make all expedition that may be vnto the mouth of the riuer Pechora as your commission doth leade you and as you passe by the coast all alongst notwithstanding the plat that sheweth you the description of the said coast from Dwina vnto Vaigats yet you shall seeke by all the meanes that you can to amend the same plat vsing as many obseruations as you possibly can do and these notes following are to be obserued by you principally 1 First that you do obserue the latitude as often and in as many places as you may possibly do it noting diligently the place where you do so obserue the same 2 Also that you doe diligently set with your compasse how the land doth lie from point to point all alongst as you goe and to vse your iudgements how farre there may be betweene ech of them 3 Item that you do alwayes vse to draw the proportion and biting of the land aswell the lying out of the points and headlands vnto the which you shall giue some apt names at your discretion as also the forme of the Bayes and to make some marke in drawing the forme and border of the same where the high cliffes are and where low land is whether sandy hilles or whatsoeuer omit not to note any thing that may be sensible and apparant to you which may serue to any purpose 4 In passing along by any coast that you keepe your lead going often times and sound at the least once euery glasse and oftener if you thinke good as
night was a very fayre night but it freezed in the morning we had much adoe to goe through the same and we were in doubt that if it should haue freezed so much the night following we should hardly haue passed out of it This night there was one star that appeared to vs. The tenth day the winde was at East Northeast with a very small gale Wee with saile and oares made way through the yce about fiue in the morning we set saile sometime wee laye Southwest and sometime South and sometime West as wee might best finde the way About three in the afternoone the gale began to fresh about sixe in the afternoone the winde was at Northeast with fogge Here we had eighty eight fathoms we bare saile all the same night and it snowed very much The eleuenth day we were much troubled with yce and by great force we made our way through it which we thought a thing impossible but extremity doth cause men to doe much and in the weakenesse of man Gods strength most appeareth This day we had 95. fathoms At three in the afternoone the winde came to the Southwest we were forced to make our shippe fast to a piece of yce for we were inclosed with it and taried the Lordes leasure This night we had 97. fathoms The 12. day the wind was at the Southeast not very much but in a maner calme at a 11. of the clocke the winde came to the West Southwest all the day was very darke with snowe and fogge At 6. in the afternoone we set saile the winde being at the North Northeast all this night we bare away Southwest and Southsouthwest as well and as neere as the yce would giue vs leaue all this night we found the yce somewhat fauourable to vs more then it was before wherupon we stood in good hope to get out of it The 13. day at 7. in the morning the winde was at the Northeast and Northeast and by East all this day we were much troubled with the yce for with a blow against a piece of yce we brake the stocke of our ancre and many other great blowes we had against the yce that it was marueilous that the ship was able to abide them the side of our boate was broken with our ship which did recule backe the boate being betwixt a great piece of yce and the ship and it perished the head of our rudder This day was a very hard day with vs at night we found much broken yce and all this night it blewe very much winde so that we lay in drift with the yce our drift was South for the winde was at North all this night and we had great store of snowe The 14. day in the morning wee made our shippe fast to a piece of yce and let her driue with it In the meane time wee mended our boate and our steerage all this day the winde continued Northerly and here wee had threescore and two fathoms Thus wee lay a drift all the same night The 15. day we set saile at 6. in the morning the winde being at Northeast At 9. aforenoon we entred into a cleare Sea without yce whereof wee were most glad and not without great cause and gaue God the praise We had 19. fathoms water and ranne in Southwest all the morning vntill we came to 14. fathoms and thence we halled West til we came to 10. fathoms and then we went Northwest for so the land doeth trend At 12. of the clocke we had sight of the land which wee might haue had sooner but it was darke and foggie all the same day for when wee had sight of the lande wee were not passing three leagues from it This day we had the pole eleuated 69 degrees 49 minutes All day we ran along the coast in ten and nine fadoms pepered sand It is a very goodly coast and a bolde and faire soundings off it without sandes or rocks The 16 day the winde was at East this day we were troubled againe with ice but we made great shift with it for we gotte betweene the shoare and it This day at twelue of the clocke we were thwart of the Southeast part of Vaigats all along which part there was great store of yce so that we stood in doubt of passage yet by much adoe we got betwixt the shoare and it about 6 in the afternoone was found a great white beare vpon a piece of ice all this day in the afternoone it was darke with fogge And all the night we haled North and North by West and sometime North and by East for so doth the land trend The 17 day in the morning we haled West for so doth the land lie The wind was at Southeast and it was very darke with fogge and in running along the shoare we fell a ground but God be praised without hurt for wee came presently off againe The William came to an anker to stay for vs and sent some of their men to help vs but before they came we were vnder saile and as we came to the William we did stowe our boates and made saile we went within some of the Islands and haled Westsouthwest About two of the clocke in the afternoone we set our course Southwest and by South so we ranne Southwest vntill twelue at night the wind came to the Northnortheast and then we haled West The 18 day at 6 in the morning we had 16 fadoms red sand at 6 in the morning 13 fadoms At 10 14 fadoms and we haled Westnorthwest At 12 a clocke the winde came to the East and East by South we haled West and by North all the same day and night At 6 in the afternoone we had 17 fadoms red sand The 19 day the wind was at Eastnortheast at 6 in the morning wee had 19 fathoms red sand at 12 of the clocke the wind blew North and North by East we had 17 fadoms of water at 3 in the afternoone 15. The 20 day the wind was at Northeast and Northnortheast at 7 in the morning we had 30 fadomes blacke oze at twelue of the clocke we were vpon the suddaine in shoale water among great sands and could find no way out By sounding and seeking about we came aground and so did the William but we had no hurt for the wind was off the shoare and the same night it was calme all night we did our best but we could not haue her aflote These shoales doe lie off Colgoyeue it is very flat a great way off and it doth not high aboue 2 or 3 foote water it floweth Northeast and Southwest The 21 day the wind was at Southwest and being very faire weather we did lighten our ships as much as was possible for vs to doe by reason of the place The same high water by the helpe of God we got both a floate and the wind being at the Southwest did help vs for it caused it
c. Andaluzia vnder the conduct of Petro de Valdez 10. Galeons one Patache 800. mariners 2400. souldiers 280. great pieces c. Item vnder the conduct of Iohn Lopez de Medina 23. great Flemish hulkes with 700. mariners 3200. souldiers and 400. great pieces Item vnder Hugo de Moncada foure Galliasses containing 1200. gally-slaues 460. mariners 870. souldiers 200. great pieces c. Item vnder Diego de Mandrana foure Gallies of Portugall with 888. gally-slaues 360. mariners 20. great pieces and other requisite furniture Item vnder Anthonie de Mendoza 22. Pataches and Zabraes with 574. mariners 488. souldiers and 193. great pieces Besides the ships aforementioned there were 20. carauels rowed with oares being appointed to performe necessary seruices vnto the greater ships insomuch that all the ships appertayning to this Nauie amounted vnto the summe of 150. eche one being sufficiently prouided of furniture and victuals The number of Mariners in the saide Fleete were aboue 8000. of slaues 2088. of souldiers 20000. besides noblemen and gentlemen voluntaries of great cast pieces 2650. The foresaid ships were of an huge and incredible capacitie and receipt For the whole Fleete was large ynough to containe the burthen of 60. thousand tunnes The Galeons were 64. in number being of an huge bignesse and very stately built being of marueilous force also and so high that they resembled great castles most fit to defend themselues and to withstand any assault but in giuing any other ships the encounter farre inferiour vnto the English and Dutch ships which can with great dexteritie weild and turne themselues at all assayes The vpperworke of the said Galeons was of thicknesse and strength sufficient to beare off musket-shot The lower worke and the timbers thereof were out of measure strong being framed of plankes and ribs foure or fiue foote in thicknesse insomuch that no bullets could pierce them but such as were discharged hard at hand which afterward prooued true for a great number of bullets were founde to sticke fast within the massie substance of those thicke plankes Great and well pitched Cables were twined about the masts of their shippes to strengthen them against the battery of shot The Galliasses were of such bignesse that they contained within them chambers chapels turrets pulpits and other commodities of great houses The Galliasses were rowed with great oares there being in eche one of them 300. slaues for the same purpose and were able to do great seruice with the force of their Ordinance All these together with the residue aforenamed were furnished and beautified with trumpets streamers banners warlike ensignes and other such like ornaments Their pieces of brasen ordinance were 1600. and of yron a 1000. The bullets thereto belonging were 120. thousand Item of gun-poulder 5600. quintals Of matche 1200. quintals Of muskets and kaleiuers 7000. Of haleberts and partisans 10000. Moreouer they had great store of canons double-canons culuerings and field-pieces for land seruices Likewise they were prouided of all instruments necessary on land to conueigh and transport their furniture from place to place as namely of carts wheeles wagons c. Also they had spades mattocks and baskets to set pioners on worke They had in like sort great store of mules and horses and whatsoeuer else was requisite for a land-armie They were so well stored of biscuit that for the space of halfe a yeere they might allow eche person in the whole Fleete halfe a quintall euery moneth whereof the whole summe amounteth vnto an hundreth thousand quintals Likewise of wine they had 147. thousand pipes sufficient also for halfe a yeeres expedition Of bacon 6500. quintals Of cheese three thousand quintals Besides fish rise beanes pease oile vineger c. Moreouer they had 12000. pipes of fresh-water and all other necessary prouision as namely candles lanternes lampes sailes hempe oxe-hides and lead to stop holes that should be made with the battery of gunshot To be short they brought all things expedient either for a Fleete by sea or for an armie by land This Nauiâ—â—es Diego Pimentelli afterward confessed was esteemed by the King himselfe to containe 37000. persons and to cost him euery day 30. thousand ducates There were in the said Nauie fiue terzaes of Spaniards which terzaes the Frenchmen call Regiments vnder the commaund of fiue gouernours termed by the Spaniards Masters of the field and amongst the rest there were many olde and expert souldiers chosen out of the garisons of Sicilie Naples and Terçera Their Captaines or Colonels were Diego Pimentelli Don Francisco de Toledo Don Alonço de Luçon Don Nicolas de Isla Don Augustin de Mexia who had eche of them 32. companies vnder their conduct Besides the which companies there were many bands also of Castilians and Portugals euery one of which had their peculiar gouernours captaines officers colours and weapons It was not lawfull for any man vnder grieuous penaltie to cary any women or harlots in the Fleete for which cause the women hired certaine shippes wherein they sailed after the Nauie some of the which being driuen by tempest arriued vpon the coast of France The generall of this mightie Nauie was Don Alonso Perez de Guzman duke of Medina Sidonia Lord of S. Lucar and knight of the golden Fleete by reason that the Marques of santa Cruz appointed for the same dignitie deceased before the time Iohn Martines de Ricalde was Admirall of the Fleete Francis Bouadilla was chiefe Marshall who all of them had their officers fit and requisite for the guiding and managing of such a multitude Likewise Martin Alorcon was appointed Uicar generall of the Inquisition being accompanied with more then a hundreth Monkes to wit Iesuites Capuchines and friers mendicant Besides whom also there were Phisitians Chirurgians Apothecaries and whatsoeuer else perteined vnto the hospitall Ouer and besides the forenamed gouernours and officers being men of chiefe note there were 124. very noble and worthy Gentlemen which went voluntarily of their owne costs and charges to the ende they might see fashions learne experience and attaine vnto glory Amongst whom was the prince of Ascoli Alonzo de Leiua the marques de Pennafiel the marques de Ganes the marques de Barlango count de Paredes count de Yeluas and diuers other marqueses and earles of the honourable families of Mendoza of Toledo of Pachieco of Cordoua of Guzman of Manricques and a great number of others While the Spaniards were furnishing this their Nauie the duke of Parma at the direction of king Philip made great preparation in the low Countreys to giue ayd assistance vnto the Spaniards building ships for the same purpose and sending for Pilots and ship-wrights out of Italy In Flanders hee caused certaine deepe chanels to be made and among the rest the chanell of Yper commonly called Yper-lee employing some thousands of workemen about that seruice to the end that by the said chanel he might transport ships from Antwerp and Ghendt to Bruges where hee
striken any to the drawing of blood shall loose his hand 4. Also he that striketh any person with his hand without effusion of blood shall be plunged three times in the sea 5. Item who so speaketh any opprobrious or contumelious wordes in reuiling or cursing one another for so oftentimes as he hath reuiled shall pay so many ounces of siluer 6. Item a thiefe or felon that hath stollen being lawfully coÌ„uicted shal haue his head shorne and boyling pitch powred vpon his head and feathers or downe strawed vpon the same whereby he may be knowen and so at the first landing place they shall come to there to be cast vp These things thus ordered king Richard sending his Nauie by the Spanish seas and by the streights of Gibraltar betweene Spaine and Africa to meete him at Marsilia hee himselfe went as is said to Vizeliac to the French king Which two kings from thence went to Lions where the bridge ouer the flood Rhodanus with preasse of people brake and many both men and women were drowned by occasion whereof the two kings for the combrance of their traines were constrained to disseuer themselues for time of their iourney appointing both to meet together in Sicily and so Philip the French king tooke his way to Genua and king Richard to Marsilia where he remained 8. dayes appointing there his Nauie to meete him From thence crossing ouer to Genua where the French king was he passed forward by the coasts of Italy and entred into Tiber not farre from Rome King Richard staying in Marsilia 8. dayes for his Nauie which came not he there hired 20. Gallies and ten great barkes to ship ouer his men and so came to Naples and so partly by horse and wagon and partly by the sea passing to Falernum came to Calabria where after that he had heard that his ships were arriued at Messana in Sicilie he made the more speed and so the 23. of September entred Messana with such a noyse of Trumpets and Shalmes with such a rout and shew that it was to the great wonderment and terror both of the Frenchmen and of all other that did heare and behold the sight To the said towne of Messana the French king was come bâ—â—orâ— the 16. oâ— the â—ame monâ—â—h of September and had taken vp the pallace of Tancredus king of Sicily for his lodging to whom king Richard after his arriuall eftsoones resorted and when the two kings had communed together immediately the French king tooke shipping and entred the seas thinking to saile towards the land of Ierusalem but after he was out of the hauen the winde rising contrary against him returned him backe againe to Messana Then king Richard whose lodging was prâ—pared in the suburbs without the Citie after he had resorted againe and talked with the French king and also had sent to Tancredus king of Sicily for deliuerance of Ioane his sister who had bin somtimes Queene of Sicily and had obtained her to be sent vnto him the last day of September passed ouer the streight del Fare and there getting a strong hold called de la Baguare or le Bamare and there placing his sister with a sufficient garrison he returned againe to Messana The 2. of October king Richard wan another strong hold called Monasterium Griffonum situated in y e midst of the streight del Fare betweene Messana Calabria from whence y e Monks being expulsed he reposed there all his store and prouision of victuals which came from England or other places The Citizens of Messana seeing that the king of England had wonne the castle and Island de la Baguare and also the Monasterie of the Griffons and doubting least the king would extend his power further to inuade their Citie get if he could the whole Isle of Sicilie began to stirre against the Kings armie and to shut the Englishmen out of the gates and kept their walles against them The Englishmen seeing that made to the gates and by force would haue broken them open insomuch that the King riding amongst them with his staffe and breaking diuers of their heads could not asswage their fiercenesse such was the rage of the Englishmen agaynst the citizens of Messana The King seeing the furie of his people to be such that hee could not sâ—ay them tooke boate and went to the pallace of king Tancred to talke of the matter with the French king in which meane time the matter was so taken vp by the wise handling of the ancients of the citie that both parts laying downe their armour went home in peace The fourth day of the sayd moneth of October came to king Richard the Archbishop of Messana with two other Archbishops also with the French king and sundry other Earles Barons and Bishops to intreat of peace who as they were together consulting and had almost concluded vpon the peace the Citizens of Messana issuing out of the towne some went vp vpon the mountains some with open force inuaded the mansion or lodging of Hugh Brune an English captaine The noyse whereof comming to the eares of the King hee suddenly breaking off talke with the French king and the rest departed from them and comming to his men commanded them forthwith to arme themselues Who then with certaine of his souldiours making vp to the top of the mountaine which seemed to passe their power to climbe there put the Citizens to â—light chasing them downe the mountaines vnto the very gates of the citie whom also certaine of the kings seruants pursued into the citie of whom fiue valiant souldiers twentie of the kings seruants were slaine the French King looking vpon and not once willing to rescue them contrary to his othe and league before made with the king of England for the French king with his men being there present rode in the midst of them safely and without any harme too and fro and might well haue eased the Kings partie more then he if it had so liked him This being knowen to the English hoste how their fellowes were slaine and the Frenchmen permitted in the citie and that they were excluded and the gates barred against them being also stopped from buying of victuall other things they vpon great indignation gathered themselues in armes brast open the gates and sealed the wals and so winning the citie set vp their flags with the English armes vpon the wals which when the French King did see he was mightily offended requiring the King of England that the Armes of France might also be set vp ioyned with his but King Richard to that would in no case agree notwithstanding to satisfie his minde he was contented to take downe his Armes and to commit the custodie of the citie to the Hospitalaries and Templaries of Ierusalem till the time that Tancred king of Sicily and he should agree together vpon conditions These things being done the fift and sixt day of October it followed then vpon the eight day of the same
wee had extended onely to a fewe of her people therefore as wee haue entred into amitie and most holy league with the most excellent kings and princes our confederats shewing their deuotion and obedience or seruices towards our stately Porch as namely the French king the Venetians the king of Polonia and others so also we haue contracted an inuiolable amitie peace and league with the aforesaid Queene Therefore wee giue licence to all her people and marchants peaceably and safely to come vnto our Imperiall dominions with all their marchandise and goods without any impeachment to exercise their traffique to vse their owne customes and to buâ— and sell according to the fashions of their owne countrey And further her Maiestie signified vnto vs that certaine of her people had heretofore bene taken prisoners and were detained in captiuitie and required that they might bee set at libertie and that as we had graunted vnto other Princes our confederats priuiledges and Imperiall decrees concerning our most inuiolable league with them so it would please our Imperial Maiesty to graunt and confirme the like priuiledges and princely decrees to the aforesaid Queene Wherefore according to our humanitie and gracious ingraffed disposition the requests of her Maiestie were accepted of vs and we haue granted vnto her Maiestie this priuilege of ours agreeable to reason equitie And we straightly command all our Beglerbegs and Zanziacbegs our seruants and our Reyz that is to say our Iudges and all our customers in all places hauens and passages that as long as this league and amitie with the conditions and articles thereof are kept and obserued on the behalfe of the aforesaid Queene 1 Our Imperiall commandement and pleasure is that the people and subiects of the same Queene may safely and securely come to our princely dominions with their goods and marchandise and ladings and other commodities by sea in great and smal vessels and by land with their carriages and cattels and that no man shall hurt them but they may buy and sell without any hinderance and obserue the customes and orders of their owne countrey 2 Item if the aforesaid people and marchants shal be at any time in the course of their iourneis and dealings by any meanes taken they shall be deliuered and inlarged without any excuse or cauillation 3 Item if their ships purpose to ariue in any of our ports and hauens it shal be lawfull for them so to do in peace and from thence againe to depart without any let or impediment 4 Item if it shall happen that any of their ships in tempestuous weather shall bee in danger of losse and perishing and thereupon shall stand in need of our helpe we will and commaund that our men and ships be ready to helpe and succour them 5 Item if they shal be willing to buy any victuals for their money no person shall withslande them but they shall buy the same without any disturbance to the contrary 6 Item if by any casualtie their shippes shall bee driuen on shoare in perill of shipwracke our Begs and Iudges and other our Subiects shall succour them and such wares and goods of theirs as shall bee recouered from the losse shall bee restored to them and no man shall wrong them 7 Item if the people of the aforesayd Queene their interpreters and marchants shall for trafique sake either by lande or Sea repaire to our dominions paying our lawfull toll and custome they shall haue quiet passage and none of our Captaines or gouernours of the Sea and shippes nor any kinde of persons shall either in their bodies or in their goods and cattels any way molest them 8 Item if any Englishman shall grow in debt and so owe money to any other man and thereupon doth absent himselfe that he can not be found let no man be arrested or apprehended for any other mans debt except he be the surety 9 Item if any Englishman shall make his will and testament to whom soeuer by the same hee shall giue his goods the partie shall haue them accordingly and if hee die intestate hee to whom the Consull or gouernour of the societie shall say the goods of the dead are to bee giuen hee shall haue the same 10 Item if the Englishmen or the marchants and interpreters of any places vnder the iurisdiction of England shall happen in the buying and selling of wares by promises or otherwise to come in controuersie let them go to the Iudge and cause the matter to be entred into a booke and if they wil let them also take letters of the Iudge testifying the same that men may see the booke and letters whatsoeuer thing shall happen and that according to the tenour thereof the matter in controuersie and in doubt may be ended but if such things be neither entred in booke nor yet the persons haue taken letters of the Iudge yet he shall admit no false witnesse but shall execute the Law according to iustice and shall not suffer them to be abused 11 Item if any man shall say that these being Christians haue spoken any thing to the derogation of our holy faith and religion and haue slandered the same in this matter as in all others let no false witnesses in any case be admitted 12 Item if any one of them shall commit any great crime and flying thereupon cannot bee found let no man be arrested or detained for another mans fact except he be his suretie 13 Item if any slaue shall be found to be an Englishman and their Consull or gouernour shall sue for his libertie let the same slaue be diligently examined and if hee be found indeed to be English let him be discharged and restored to the Englishmen 14 Item if any Englishman shall come hither either to dwel or trafique whether hee be married or vnmarried he shall pay no polle or head money 15 Item if either in Alexandria Damasco Samos Tunis Tripolis in y e west the port townes of AEgypt or in any other places they purpose to choose to themselues Consuls or gouernours let them doe so and if they will alter them at any time and in the roome of the former Consuls place others let them do so also and no man shall restraine them 16 Item if their interpreter shal be at any time absent being occupied in other serious matters let the thing then in question bee stayed and differred eâ—â— his comming and in the meane time no man shall trouble them 17 Item if any variance or controuersie shall arise among the Englishmen and thereupon they shall appeale to their Consuls or gouernours let no man molest them â—ut let them freely doe so that the controuersie begunne may be finished according to their owne customes 18 Item if after the time and date of this priuilegeâ— any pirats or other free gouernours of ships trading the Sea shall take any Englishman and shall make sale of him either beyonde the Sâ—a or on this side of the Sea the matter shal
after much debating of the matter we agreeed that the Elizabeth should haue her to fish withall whereupon she was presently caryed aboord and stowed Now after this trouble being resolued to depart with the first wind there fell out another matter worse then all the rest and that was in this maner Iohn Churchyard one whom our Captaine had appoynted as Pilot in the pinnace came to our Captaine and master Bruton and told them that the good ship which we must all hazard our liues in had three hundred strokes at one time as she rode in the harbour This disquieted vs all greatly and many doubted to goe in her At length our Captaine by whom we were all to be gouerned determined rather to end his life with credite then to returne with infamie and disgrace and so being all agreed wee purposed to liue and die together and committed our selues to the ship Now the 21. hauing brought all our things aboord about 11. or 12. of the clocke at night we set saile and departed from those Isles which lie in 64. degrees of latitude our ships being all now at Sea and wee shaping our course to goe coasting the land to the Northwards vpon the Easterne shore which we called the shore of our Marchants because there we met with people which traffiqued with vs but here wee were not without doubt of our ship The 24. being in 67. degrees and 40. minutes wee had great store of Whales and a kinde of sea birds which the Mariners call Cortinous This day about sixe of the clocke at night we espied two of the countrey people at Seaâ— thinking at the first they had bene two great Seales vntill wee sawe their oares glistering with the Sunne they came rowing towardes vs as fast as they could and when they came within hearing they held vp their oares and cryed Ilyaoute making many signes and at last they came to vs giuing vs birdes for bracelets and of them I had a darte with a bone in it or a piece of Unicorns horne as I did iudge This dart he made store of but when he saw a knife he let it go being more desirous of the knife then of his dart these people continued rowing after our ship the space of 3. howres The 25. in the morning at 7. of the clocke we descried 30. Sauages rowing after vs being by iudgement 10. leagues off from the shore they brought vs Salmon Peales Birdes and Caplin and we gaue them pinnes needles bracelets nailes kniues bels looking glasses and other small trifles and for a knife a naile or a bracelet which they call Ponigmah they would sell their boate coates or any thing they had although they were farre from the shore Wee had but few skinnes of them about 20. but they made signes to vs that if wee would goe to the shore wee should haue more store of Chichsanege they stayed with vs till 11. of the clocke at which time wee went to prayer and they departed from vs. The 28. and 29. were foggie with cloudes the 30. day wee tooke the heigth and found out selues in 72. degrees and 12. minutes of latitude both at noone and at night the Sunne being 5. degrees aboue the Horizon At midnight the compasse set to the variation of 28. degrees to the Westward Now hauing coasted the land which wee called London coast from the 21. of this present till the 30. the Sea open all the Westwards and Northwards the land on starboord side East from vs the winde shifted to the North whereupon we left that shore naming the same Hope Sanderson and shaped our course West and ranne 40. leagues and better without the sight of any land Iuly THe second of Iuly wee fell witth a mightie banke of yee West from vs lying North and South which banke wee would gladly haue doubled out to the Northwards but the winde would not suffer vs so that we were faine to coast it to the Southwards hoping to double it out that wee might haue run so farre West till wee had sound land or els to haue beene thorowly resolued of our pretended purpose The 3. wee fell with the yce againe and putting off from it we sought to the Northwards but the wind crossed vs. The 4. was foggie so was the 5. also with much wind at the North. The 6. being very cleare we put our barke with oares through a gap in the yce seeing the Sea free on the West side as we thought which falling out otherwise caused vs to returne after we had stayed there betweene the yce The 7. and the 8. about midnight by Gods helpe we recouered the open Sea the weather being faire and calme and so was the 9. The 10. we coasted the yce The 11. was foggie but calme The 12. we coasted againe the yce hauing the wind at Northnorthwest The 13. bearing off from the yce we determined to goe with the shoare and come to an anker and to stay 5. or 6. dayes for the dissoluing of the yce hoping that the Sea continually â—eating it and the Sunne with the extreme force of heat which it had alwayes shining vpon it would make a quicke dispatch that we might haue a further search vpon the Westerne shore Now when we were come to the Easterne coast the water something deepe and some of our companie fearefull withall we durst not come to an anker but bare off into the Sea againe The poore people seeing vs goe away againe came rowing after vs into the Sea the waues being somewhat loftie We truckt with them for a few skinnes and dartes and gaue them beads nailes pinnes needles and cardes they poynting to the shore as though they would shew vs some great friendship but we little regarding their curtesie gaue them the gentle farewell and so departed The 14. wee had the wind at South The 15. there was some fault either in the barke or the set of some current for wee were driuen sixe points beyond our course West The 16. wee fell with the banke of yce West from vs. The 17. and 18. were foggie The 19. at one a clocke after noone wee had sight of the land which we called Mount Raleigh and at 12. of the clocke at night we were thwart the streights which we discouered the first yeere The 20. wee trauersed in the mouth of the streight the wind being at West with faire and cleare weather The 21. and 22. wee coasted the Northerne coast of the streights The 23. hauing sayled threescore leagues Northwest into the streights at two a clocke after noone wee ankered among many Isles in the bottome of the gulfe naming the same The Eaâ—le of Cumberlands Isles where riding at anker a Whale passed by our ship and went West in among the Isles Heere the compasse set at thirtie degrees Westward variation The 23. wee departed shaping our course Southeast to recouer the Sea The 25. wee were becalmed in
of 100 leagues being vnder the Tropicke of Cancer From whence wee kept our course towards the North-east vntill wee had the pole raysed 47 degrees The 22 of May we ranne Eastnortheast The 29 we sounded and had 70 fathomes with white oaze hauing the North pole raysed 51 degrees The 30 of May wee had sight of S. Iues on the North side of Corne-wall and the 2 of Iune 1579 we arriued at Iltoord-combe in Deuon-shire And thus after our manifold troubles and great dangers in hauing passed The streights of Magellan into the South Sea with our Generall M. Francis Drake and hauing been driuen with him downe to the Southerly latitude of 57 degrees and afterward passing backe by the same streights againe it pleased God to bring vs safe into our owne natiue counâ—rey to enioy the presence of our deare friendes and kinsefolkes to whom bee prayse honour and glory for euer and euer Amen EDVVARD CLIFFEâ— Mariner Instructions giuen by the right honourable the Lordes of the Counsell to M. Edward Fenton Esquire for the order to be obserued in the voyage recommended to him for the East Indies and Cathayâ— Aprill 9. 1582. FIrst you shall enter as Captaine Generall into the charge and gouernment of these shippes viz. the Beare Galâ—â—on the Edward Bonauenture the Baâ—ke Francis and the small Frigate or Pinnesse 2 Item you shall appoint for the furnishing of the vessels in the whole to the number of 200 able persons accompting in that number the Gentlemen and their men the Ministers Chirurgians Factors c. which sayd number is no way to be exceeded whereof as many as may be to be sea-men and shal distribute them into euery vessel as by aduise here before your going shal be thought meete Prouided that you shall not receiue vnder your charge and gouernement any disordered or mutinous person but that vpon knowledge had you shall remooue him before your departure hence or by the way as soone as you can conueniently auoide him and receiue better iâ— his place 3 Item for the more and better circumspect execution and determination in any waightie causes incident in this voyage we will that you shall take vnto you for assistants Captaine Hawkins captain Ward M. Nicholas Parker M. Maddox M. Walker M. Euans Randolph Shaw Matthew Talboys with whom you shall consult and conferre in all causes matters and actions of importance not prouided for in these instructions touching this seruice now in hand And in all such matters so handled argued and debated wee thinke that conuenient alwayes to be executed which you shall thinke meetest with the assent also of any 4 of them the matter hauing bene debated and so assented vnto in the presence of your said assistants And in case that such conference and debating the opinions of the aforesaid Assistants be found in effect any way to differ then it is thought meete that all such matters so argued vpon shall rest to bee put in execution in such sorâ— as you shal thinke most meetest hauing the assent of any 4 of them as aforesaid And if any of these Assistants shal die then the number of the one halfe of the Suruiuours to ioyne with the General captaine for consent in all things aforesaid 4 Of all which your assemblies and consultations for the matters aforesaid we thinke it very conuenient that a particular and true note should be kept for which cause we appoint master Maddox minister and if he should decease then the Generall with halfe the Assistants Suruiuours to name one to keepe a booke of all such matters as shall bee brought in consultation and of all such reasons as shall be propounded by any person either on the one side or on the other what was resolued on and by whose consent who dissented there fâ—om and for what causes In which book he shall in the beginning of the note of euery such assembly set downe particularly the day and the place if it may be the names of the persons then present and vpon what occasion the sayd consultation was appointed or holden and shall haue to euery acte the handes of the General and of all or so many of the said Assistants as will subscribe which booke the said master Maddox or the other vpon his decease appointed in his place shall keepe secrete and in good order to bee exhibited vnto vs at your returne home 5 Item if there happen any person or persons imployed in this seruice of what calling or condition hee or they shall be should conspire or attempt priuatly or publikely any treason mutinie or other discord either touching the taking away of your owne life or any other of authoritie vnder you whereby her Maiesties seruice in this voiage might bee ouer throwne or impugned we will therefore that vpon iust proofe made of any such treason mutinie or any other discord attempted as aforesaid the same shal be punished by you or your Lieuetenantâ— according to the qualitie and enormitie of the fact Prouided alwayes and it shall not bee lawfull neither for you nor for your Lieuetenant to proceede to the punishment of any person by losse of life or lim vnlesse the partie shall be iudged to haue deserued it by the rest of your Assistants as is before expressed or at the least foure of them And that which shall concerne life to be by the verdicâ— of twelue men of the company employed in this voyage to be impanelled for that purpose with the obseruation of the forme of our countrey lawes in that behalfe as neere as you may Prouided if it shall not appeare that the forbearing of the execution by death shall ministâ—r cause to increase the facâ—e of the offenâ—er then it were better to conuince the partie of his facte by the othes of 12 indifferent persons and to commit him to hard imprisonment vntill the returne And aswell of the â—actes committed by anyâ— as also of the proofe thereof and of the opinions of you and your Assistants and the maner of the punishment the Register shall make a particular and true note in the booke of your consultation as is before appointed 6 Item you shall not remooue Captainâ— William Hawkins your lieutenant master Captaine Luke Ward your viceadmiral or captaine of the Edward Bonauenture nor captaine Carlile from his charge by land whom we will not to refuse any such seruice as shall be appointed to him by the Generall and the councill nor any captaine of other vessels from their charges but vpon iust cause duely prooued and by consent of your Assistants or of foure of them at the least 7 Item for the succession of the Generall gouernour of this whole voyage if it should please God to take him away it is thought meete that there should bee the names of such Gentlemen secretly set downe to succeede in his place one after the other which are seuerally written in parchment included in bals of waxe sealed with her Maiesties signer put into two coffers
desired in countreys where they shall traffique that it shall not bee lawfull for them or any of them to traffique or sell any thing thereof for their priuate accompt but the same shall bee prized by the most part of those that shall bee in commission in the places where the same may be so required rated at such value as it may bee reasonably worth in England and then solde to the profite of the whole voyage and to goe as in aduenture for those to whom it doeth appertaine 17 Item you your selfe shall in the Gallion keâ—pe one booke and the Factors appointed for the same shippe anoâ—her wherein shall bee a iust accompt kept aswell of the marchandise carried hence as of those you shall bring home And aswell at your setting foorth as from time to time as exchange shal be made you shall set your hand to their booke and they theirs to yours and the like order shal you see that the Captaine and the Factors in the Edward Bonauenture shall vse in their ship and the other Captaines and Factors in each other vesell 18 Item you shall giue straight order to restraine that none shall make any charts or descriptions of the sayd boyage but such as shall bee deputed by you the Generall which sayd charts and descriptions wee thinke meete that you the Generall shall take into your hands at your returne to this our coast of England leauing with them no copie and to present them vnto vs at your returne the like to be done if they finde any charts or maps in those countreys 19 Item you shall at your returne so direct your course that all the ships vnder your gouernment may come home together and arriue here in the riuer of Thames if it may conueniently be And wheresoeuer in this Realme you or any of the shippes shall arriue you shall giue speciall and straight order that no person of what condition soeuer he be shall vnlade or bring on land or forth of the vessels in which he came any part or parcel of marchandize or matter of commoditie brought in any of the sayd vessels vntill we being certified of your or their arriuall shall giue further order and direction therein vnder the penalties and forfeitures expressed in the fifteenth article against such as shall retaine any thing to their priuate vse as in the sayd article is further expressed 20 Item to the intent that all such persons as shall go with you in this voyage may better vnderstand what they ought to do and what to auoid wee thinke it requisite that aswell out of these as otherwise with the aduise of your Assistants and Masters of the ships you shall cause some conuenient order to bee set downe in writing for their better gouernment both at sea and land if they shall happen to goe on lande any where and the same to bee openly read and made knowen vnto them to the intent they may vnderstand how to behaue themselues and vpon any fault committed not to haue any excuse to pretend ignorance and so to auoid such punishment as it is requisite to haue ministred for the keeping of them in good order 21 And to the end God may blesse this voyage with happie and prosperous successe you shall haue an especiall care to see that reuerence and respect bee had to the Ministers appointed to accompanie you in this voyage as appertaineth to their place and calling and to see such good order as by them shall be set downe for reformation of life and maners duely obeyed and perfourmed by causing the transgressours and contemners of the same to be seuerely punished and the Ministers to remooue sometime from one vessell to another 22 Prouided alwayes that the whole direction and gouernment of the people life and limme excepted as in the fift article and the course of this voyage shall bee wholly at your disposition except in the course by the Streight of Magellan either outward or homeward and in your passage by the Northward of 40 degrees in latitude wherein you shall follow directions sâ—t downe in the nine and ten articles as also in the displacing of the Captaine of the Edward Bonauenture and other captaines wherin you shall followe the order appointed in the sixt article Prouided that wee meane not by this article to derogate any thing from the authoritie of your assistants established in the third article or in any other article of these instructions 23 Item in all occasions and enterprises that may fall out to bee vpon the lande wee will that Captaine Carlile shall haue the generall and chiefe charge thereof 24 And finally wee require you and euery of you to haue a due regard to the obseruation and accomplishment of these our instructions and of all such other things as may any kind of way tâ—nd to the furtherance and benefite of this seruice committed to your charge The voyage intended towards China wherein M. Edward Fenton was appointed Generall Written by M. Luke Ward his Viceadmiral and Captaine of the Edward Bonauenture begun Anno Dom. 1582. THe second of April I departed with the Edward Bonauenture from Blackwall and the 19 of the same arriued in Nettle roade at Hampton where I found riding the Gallion Leicester and so remaining there till the first of May wee set saile thence in the forenoone being of vs in the whole fleete foure saile 1 The Gallion Leicester of 400 tunnes Admirall whereof was Generall Captaine Edward Fenton and William Hawkins the yonger liâ—utenant Generall in her and Christopher Hall Master 2 The Edward Bonauenture of 300 tunnes Uiceadmirall whereof was Captaine Luke Ward and Thomas Perrie Master 3 The Francis of fortie tunnes whereof was Captaine Iohn Drake and William Markam Master 4 The Elizabeth of fiftie tunnes whereof was Captaine Thomas Skeuington and Ralph Crane Master We spent by meanes partly of businesse and partly of contrary windes the moneth of May vpon the coast and then leauing the land wee put off to sea and proceeded on our voyage intended by the grace of God for China vntill the moneth of August â—ollowing nothing fell out much worthy the knowledge of the worlde which is not common to all nauigants but about the beginning of August aforesayd being somewhat neere the coast of Guinie vpon the shooting off a peece and the putting out of a flag in the Admiral I went on boord and M. Walker M. Shaw M. Geffreis our Master Pilot with me where the generall counsel was assembled to consider of two points viz. The first whether it were necessarie to wâ—â—er presently or not which was thought very needful of all men and so concluded The second where the best and aptest place was to water in which was thought of the greater number to be at Sierra leona on the coast of Guinie which was also concluded and by the Master and Pilots agreed to goe hence Southeast which determined wee returned aboord The 3 day wee went Southeast and
behelde many constellations in the firmament and set downe certaine newe starres raised to the Southwards All day and night wee went South and South by East among The seuenteenth day in the afternoone wee shot off three peeces of ordinance in honour of our Queenes Maiestie This day after dinner came master Maddox and Captaine Drake with others to take their leaue of master Walker as I with all my company had done before supposing him past hope of recouerie At foure of the clocke finding our selues in nineteene degrees to the Southwards of the line and cleare of the shoalds called by vs Powles wee went hence Southsouthwest all night following The 18 day being Sunday after dinner the Generall M. Maddox Captaine Parker and many other came aboord and visited M. Walker which done they dranke and departed aboord againe All this day and night we went our course Southwest by South with a franke gale The 19 day about noone the Sun was in our Zenith being declined to the Southwards 2â— degrees and 33 minutes where wee found the aire fresh and temperate as in England in Iune when a fresh gale of winde doeth blow in the heate of the day but the euening the night and the morning are more fresh and colder here then it is in England either in Iune or Iulie The first of December about sixe of the clocke in the morning wee sawe lande on the coast of Brasil in the height of 28 degrees or there abouts which bare Northwest and was eight leagues from vs very high land Wee stood in with it being much winâ—e and comming neere sound diuers Islands and seeing the Francis would not come roome nor run ahead vs wee stood in with the shore and â—oundeâ— in 30 fathom oaze three leagues off the lande bearing from the Westnorthwest to the Northnorthwest of vs and so sâ—oode still till it shoalded orderly into seuen fathom within a mile of a headland then perceiuing a breach ouer our bowe and no hope of a good harbour in that place wee bare vp roome and our Admirall after vs whom wee haled then hee tolde vs hee would seeke harbour to â—eewards requiring me to go ahead Then seeing the barke was asterne I hoised out my skiffe and set her maste and saile taking her ging and Tobias one of my Masters mates with mee and ranne before the shippe sounding in 15 fathom faire sand leauing a ledge of rockes a sea-boord of vs so the ships and the barke looffed vp vnder a headland and ankered in eight fathom halfe a mile off the lande hauing brought the headland which lyeth in 27 degrees 50 minutes Southsoutheast off them and the North land Northeast off thâ—m I stoode on with the skiffe hoping to â—inde a better harbour to leeward three leagues but it prooued not so wherefore I returned and in my way aboord I met with a rocke in the seaâ— where we landed and killed good store of fowleâ— and after I went aboord the Admirall where I presented him with fowle and returned aboord to supper In this time our boates had beene aland and found water bassasâ—e and two decayed houses as they told me and our men aboord hooked fresh-fish This night wee rode quietly The second being Sunday our masters moared our ships further into the bay We brought the South point Southeast off vs and the North land Northeast and so rid After dinner captaine Parker with my boat and company went a land and there placed pipes and made three wels In the meane time I accompanied with M. Hawkins M. Maddox M. Cotton and diuers of mine owne people landed farther within the bay and found two riuers of fresh waterâ— and a good fishing place Presently I sent aboord for my net with which at one draught we drew 600 great mullets and 5 great basses the like draugâ—â— was neuer seene with so small a net with which we went aboord giuing to the admirall 240 to the Francis 80 and the rest our company spent and gaue almighty God thanks for his great goodnesse All this while was captaine Parker and others gone into the land and fired thâ— woods which burned extremely The third day in the morning our carpenter talked without boord and the master and others tooke vp all the merchandize in the stearne sheets to the keele and there put downe a boats loding of stone and seeing the merchandize well conditioned stowed the same againe In the meanâ— time my selfe and others in our boats scraped off the wormes and washed the rudder and part of one side of our ship After dinner the master pilot and I went ashore and obserued the Sunne at noone which being past with our net we drew plenty of diuers sorts of fishes and went from that bay to the watering place from thence aboord the generall which had taken physicke and gaue them and the Francis fish for their companiesâ— and so went aboord where our company had romaged aforemast so that this afternoone we tooke in two boats more lading of stones afore mast The sixt day iâ— the morning before sixe of the clocke we saw a saile which wâ—nt towards the Southwards the admirall not hauing knowledge thereof I went aboord and certified him who appointed me to goe and bring her in and to take captaine Parker and some of the gallions meâ— into the Francis and the admirals skiffe with vs so we gaue her chase and tooke her sixe leagues to the leewards of the place we rode in Then not being able to fetch the rode againe we ankered in the sea I intending to come away in the pinnesse and leaue the Francis and the prize together being ready to depart the winde blew at South a stout gaâ—e and raine so that about sixe of the clocke we ankered in the rode where our ships rid After we had taken them and that captaine Parker and I were aboord we had much talke with them before they came to the ships and being ankered there the chiefe men were caried abord the general which was a gentleman named Don Francisco de Torre Vedra nephew to the gouernour of the riuer of Plate named Don Iohn de Torre Vedra We found and Englishman named Richard Carter borne in Limehouse who had bene out oâ— England foure and twenty yeres and hath bene nere twelue yeres dwelling in the riuer of Plate at a towne named Ascension three hundred leagues vp in the riuer whither they were now determined to go inhabit hauing two women and two yonâ— children seuen friâ—rs the rest boyes and â—ailers to the number of one and twenty persons The olde frier was had in great reuerence among the reâ—â— insomuch that they called him the Holy father He was abiding in no place but as visitour he went visiting from monastery to monastery The substance of all the speeches was that the Spanish fleet was before the streights of Magellan as they thought for they were departed sixe
returne or send some answere within ten dayes for that we told him we were Marchants and would traffique with them but we neuer receiued answere from him any more and seeing that he came not according to appoyntment our businesse being dispatched wee weyed anchor and set sayle from S. Sebastian on the 23. of Nouember The 16. day of December we fell with the coast of America in 47. degrees â…“ the land bearing West from vs about 6. leagues off from which place we ran along the shore vntill we came into 4â— degrees It is a steepe beach all along The 17. day of December in the afternoone we entred into an harborough where our Admirall went in first wherefore our General named the said harborough Port Desiâ—e in which harborough is an Iland or two where there is wonderful great store of Seales and another Iland of birds which are grey guls These Seales are of a wonderful great bignesse huge and monstrous of shape and for the fore-part of their bodies cannot be compared to any thing better then to a lion their head and necke and fore-parts of their bodies are full of rough haire their feete are in maner of a finne and in forme like vnto a mans hand they breed and cast euery moneth giuing their yong milke yet continually get they their liuing in the sea and liue altogether vpon fish their yong are marueilous good meate and being boyled or rosted are hardly to be knowen from lambe or mutâ—on The olde ones be of such bignesse and force that it is as much as 4. men are able to doe to kill one of them with great â—owle-sâ—aues and hee must be beaten downe with striking on the head of him for his body is of that bignesse that foure men could neuer kill him but only on the head For being shotte through the body with an Harquebuze or a Musket yet he will goe his way into the sea and neuer care for it at the present Also the fowles that were there were very good meate and great store of them they haue burrowes in the ground like conies for they cannot flie They haue nothing but downe vpon their pinions they also fish and feede in the sea for their liuing and breede on shore This harborough is a very good place to trimme ships in and to bring them on ground and graue them in for there ebbeth and floweth much water therefore wee graued and trimmed all our ships there The 24. of December being Christmas Euen a man and a boy of the Rere-admirall went some fortie score from our ships vnto a very faire greene valley at the foote of the mountaines where was a litle piâ—â—e or well which our men had digged and made some 2. or 3. dayes before to get fresh water for there was none in all the Harborough and this was but brackish therefore this man and boy came thither to wash their linnen and beeing in washing at the sayde Well there were great store of Indians which were come downe and found the sayd man and boy in washing These Indians being diuided on eche side of the rockes shotte at them with their arrowes and hurt them both but they fledde presently beeing about fiftie or threescore though our Generall followed them but with 16â— or 20. men The mans name which was hurt was Iohn Garge the boyes name was Lutch the man was shot cleane through the knee the boy into the shoulder either of them hauing very sore wounds Their arrowes are made of litle canes and their heads are of a flint stone set into the caue very artificially they seldome or neuer see any Christians they are as wilde as euer was a bucke or any other wilde beast for wee followed them and they ranne from vs as it had bene the wildest thing in the worlde Wee tooke the measure of one of their feete and it was 18. inches long Their vse is when any of them dye to bring him or them to the cliffes by the sea-side and vpon the toppe of them they burie them and in their graues are buryed with them their bowes and arrowes and all their iewels which they haue in their life time which are sine shelles which they finde by the sea side which they cut and square after an artificiall maner and all is layd vnder their heads The graue is made all with great stones of great length and bignesse being set all along full of the dead mans dartes which he vsed when he was liuing And they colour both their darts and their graues with a red colour which they vse in colouring of themselues The 28. of December we departed out of the Port of Desire and went to an Iland which lieth 3. leagues to the Southward of it where we trimmed our saued pengwins with salt for victual all that and the next day and departed along the coast Southwest and by South The 30. day we fell with a rocke which lieth about 5. leagues from the land much like vnto Ediâ—stone which lieth off the â—ound of Plimouth and we sounded and had 8. fathoms rockie ground within a mile thereof the rocke bearing West Southwest Wee went coasting along South Southwest and sound great store of Seales all along the coast This rocke standeth in 48. degrees ½ to the Southward of the line The 2. day of Ianuarie wee fell with a very faire white Cape which standeth in 51. degrees and had 7. fathoms water a league off the land The third day of the foresayd moneth we fell with another great white cape which standeth in 52. degrees and 45. minutes from which Cape there runneth a lowe beach about a league to the Southward and this beach reacheth to the opening of the dangerous Streight of Magellan wâ—ich is in diuers places 5. or 6. leagues wide and in two seuerall places more narrow Under this Cape wee anchored and lost an anchor for it was a great storme of foule weaâ—her and lastâ—d three daâ—es very dangerous The 6. day we put in for the Streights The 7. day betweene the mouth of the Streights and the narrowest place thereof wee tooke a Spaniard whose name was Heâ—nando who was there with 23. Spaniards more which were all that remayned of foure hundred which werâ— left there three yeeres before in these streights of Magellan all the rest being dead with famine And the same day we passed through the narrowâ—st of the Streights where the aforesayd Spanyard shewed vs the hull of a small Barke which we iudged to be a Barke called The Iohn Thomas It is from the mouth oâ— the streights vnto the narrowest of the Streights 14. leagues and the course lieth West and by North. The mouth of the streights standeth in 52. degrees From the narrowest of the Streights vnto Pengwin Iland is 10. leagues and lyeth West Southwest somewhat to the Southward where wee anchored the 8. day and killed and salted great store of Pengwins for victuals
we slept not in three dayes and three nights The 15. of March in the morning the Hugh Gallant came in betweene the Iland of S. Mary and the mayne where she met with the Admiral and the Content which had rid at the Iland called La Mocha 2. dayes which standeth in the Southerly latitude of 38. degrees at which place some of our men went on shore with the Uice-admirals boate where the Indians fought with them with their bowes and arrowes and were marueilous warie of their Caliuers These Indians were enemies to the Spaniards and belonged to a great place called Arauco and tooke vs for Spaniards as afterward we learned This place which is called Arauco is wonderfull rich and full of golde mynes and yet could it not be subdued at any time by the Spaniards but they alwayes returned with the greatest losse of men For these Indians are marueilous desperate and carelesse of their liues to liue at their owne libertie and freedome The 15. day aforesayde in the afternoone wee weighed anchor and ranne vnder the West side of Saint Marie Iland where we ridde very well in 6. fathoms water and very faire ground all that night The 16. day our General went on shore himselfe with 70. or 80. men euery one with his furniture there came downe to vs certaine Indians with two which were the principals of the Iland to welcome vs on shore thinking we had bin Spaniards for it is subdued by them who brought vs vp to a place where the Spaniards had erected a Church with crosses altars in it And there were about this Church 2. or 3. store houses which were full of wheate and barley ready threshed and madâ— vp in cades of strawe to the quantitie of a bushel of corne in euery cade The wheate and barly was as faire as cleane and euery way as good as any we haue in England There were also the like cades ful of potato rootes which were very good to eate ready made vp in the store houses for the Spaniards against they should come for their tribute This Iland also yeeldeth many sorts of fruits hogs and hens These Indians are held in such slauery by them that they dare not eate a hen or an hogge themselues But the Spaniards haue made them all in that Iland Christians Thus we fitted our selues here with corne asmuch as we would haue and as many hogges as we had salt to powder them withall and great store of hennes with a number of bags of Potato rootes and about 500. dried dogge-fishes and Guinie wheate which is called Maiz. And hauing taken as much as we would haue yet wâ— left marueilous great store behind vs. Our General had the two principals of the Iland aboord our shippe and prouided great cheere for them and made them merie with wine and they in the ende perceiuing vs to bee no Spaniards made signes as neere as our Generall could perceiueâ— that if wee would goe ouer vnto the mayne land vnto Arauco that there was much Golde making vs signes that we should haue great store of riches But because we could not vnderstand them our Generall made some haste and within 2. or thrâ—e dayes we furnished our selues The 18. day in the morning we departed from this place and ran all that day Northnortheast about 10. leagues and at night lay with a short sayle off and on the coast The 19. wee ranne in East Northeast with the land and bare in with a place called The Conception where wee anchored vnder an Iland and departed the next morning without going oâ— land The 20. wee departed from The Conception and went into a litle Baye which was sandie where we saw fresh water and cattell but we stayed not there The 30. day we came into the Bay of Quintero which standeth in 33. degrees 50 minutes The said day presently after we were come vnto an ancre in the Bay there was a Netcherd or one that kept cattle which lay vpon the point of the hill asleepe which when he awaked and had espied three shippes which were come into the Bay before wee could get on shore he had caught an horse which was feeding by and rode his may as fast as euer hee might and our Generall with 30. shot with him went on shore He had not bene on land one houre but there came 3. horsemen with bright swords towards vs so hard as they might ride vntill they came within some twentie or thirtie score of vs and so stayed and would come no neerer vnto vs so our Generall sent vnto them a couple of our men with their shotte and one Fernando which was the Spaniard that wee had taken vp at the mouth of the Streights which was one of the 400. that were sterued there But the Spaniards would not suffer our men to come neere with their shot but made signes that one of our men should come alone vnto them so the said Fernando the Spaniard went vnto them and our two men stood not farre from them They had great conference and in the end Fernando came backe from them and told our Generall that he had parled with them for some victuals who had promised as much as we would haue Our General sent him back againe with another message and another shotte with him and being come neere vnto them they would not suffer any more then one to approch them whereupon our men let the Spaniard goe vnto them alone himselfe who being some good distance from them they stayâ—d but a small time together but that the said Fernando leaped vp behind one of them and rid away with them for all his deepe and damnable othes which he had made continually to our general and alâ— his company neuer to forsake him but to die on his side before he would be false Our Generall seeing how he was dealt withall filled water all that day with good watch and caried it aboord and night being come he determined the next day to send into the countrey to find their towne and to haue taken the spoyle of it and to haue fired it if they could haue found it The last of March Captaine Hauers went vp into the Countrey with 50. or 60. men with their shot and furniture with them and we trauailed 7. or 8. miles into the land and as we were marching along we espied a number of the herdes of cattell of kine and bullockes which were wonderfull wilde we saw also great store of horses mares and coltes which were very wilde and vnhandled there is also great store of hares and conies and plenty of partriges and other wildfoules The countrey is very fruitful with faire fresh riuers all along full of wilde foule of all sorts Hauing trauailed so farre that we could goe no further for the monstrous high mountaines we rested our selues at a very fayre fresh Riuer running in and alongst faire lowe medowes at the foote of
North and by West off vs about noone wee espied land to beare West off vs which as we did imagine was the cape of Buena Esperança whâ—rof indeed we were short some 40. or 50. leagues and by reason of the skantnesse of the winde we stood along to the Southeast vntill midnight at which time the winde came faire and we halâ—d along Westward The 12. and 13. dayes we were becalmed and the sky was very hazie and thicke vntil the 14. day at three of the clocke in the afternoone at which time the sky cleared and we espiâ—d the land againe which was the cape called Cabo Falso which is short of the Cape de buena Esperança 40 or 50 leagues This Cape is very easie to be knowen For there are right ouer it three very high hilles standing but a smal way one off another and the hiest standeth in the middest and the ground is much lower by the seaside The Cape of Good hope beareth West and by South from the said Cabo Falso The 16. day of May about 4. of the clocke in the afternoone the winde came vp at East a very stiffe gale which helde vntill it was Saturday with as much winde as euer the shâ—p could goe before at which time by siâ—e of the clocke in the morning wee espâ—ed the promontorie or heaâ—land called the Cape de Buena Esperança which is a reasonable hiâ— land at the Westermost point a litle off the maine do shew two hammocks the one vpon the other and three other hammocks lying further off into the sea yet low land betweene and adioyning vnto the sea This cape of Buena Esperança is set down and accompted for two thousand leagues from the yland of Iaua in the Portugall sea carts but it is not so much almost by an hundred and fiftie leagues as we found by the running of our ship We were in running of these eightâ—ene hundred and fiftie leagues iust nine weekes The eighth day of Iune by breake of day we fel in sight of the yland of S. Helena seuen or eight leagues short of it hauing but a small gale of winde or almost none at all insomuch as we could not get vnto it that day but stood off and on all that night The next day being the 9. of Iune hauing a pretie easie gale of wind we stood in with the shore our boat being sent away before to make the harborough and about one of the clocke in the afternoonâ— we came vnto an ancker in 12. fathoms water two or thrâ—e cables length from the shore in a very faire and smooth bay vnder the Northwestside of the ylandâ— This yland is very high land and lieth in the maine sea standing as it were in the middest of the sea betweene thâ— maine land of Africa and the maine of Brasilia and the coast of Guinea And is in 15. degrees and 48. minuts to the Southward of the Equinoctiall line and is distant from the Cape of Buena Esperança betweene 5. and 6. hundreth leagues The same day about two or three of the clocke in the afternoone wee went on shore where wee found a marueilous faire pleasant valley wherein diuers handsome buildings and houses were set vp and especially one which was a Church which was tyled whited on the outside very faire and made with a porch and within the Church at the vpper end was set an altar whereon stood a very large table set in a frame hauing in it the picture of our Sauiour CHRIST vpon the Crosse and the image of our Lady praying with diuers other histories curiously painted in the same The sides of the Church were all hanged with stained clothes hauing many deuises drawen in them There are two housâ—s adioyning to the Church on â—ach side one which serue for kitchins to dresse meate in with necessary roomes and houses of office the couerings of the saide houses are made flat whereon is planted a very faire vine and through both the saide houses runneth a very good and holsome streame of fresh water There is also right ouer against the saide Church a faire causey made vp with stones reaching vnto a valley by the seaside in which valley is planted a garden wherein grow great store or pompioâ—s and melons And vpon the saide causey is a frame erected whereon hange tâ—o bells wherewith they ring to Masse and hard vnto it is a Crosse set vp which is squared framed and made very artifically of free stone whereon is carued in cyphers what time it was builded which was in the yeere of our Lord 1571. This valley is the fairest and largest lowe plot in all the yland and it is marueilous sweete and pleasant and planted in euery place either with fruite trees or with herbes There are figtrees which beare fruit continually marueilous plentifully for on euery tree you shal haue blossoms greene figs and ripe figs all at ones and it is so all the yere long the reason is that the yland standeth so neere the Sunne There be also great store of lymon trees orange trees pomegranate trees pomecitron trees date treâ—s which beare fruite as the fig trees do and are planted carâ—fully and very artificially with very pleasant walkes vnder and betweene them and the saide walkes bee ouershadowed with the leaues of the trees and in euery voyde place is planted parceley sorell basill fenell anuis seede mustard seede radishes and many speciall good hearbes and the fresh water brooke runneth through diuers places of this orchard and may with very small paines be made to water any one tree in the valley This fresh water streame commeth from the tops of the mountaines and falleth from the cliffe into the valley the height of a cable and hath many armes out of it which refresh the whole yland and almost euery tree in it The yland is altogether high mountaines and steepe valleis except it be in the tops of some hilles and downe below in some of the valleis where marueilous store of all these kinds of fruits before spoken of do grow there is greater store growing in the tops of the mountaines then below in the valleis but it is wonderfull laboursome and also dangerous traueâ—ling vp vnto them and downe againe by reason of the height and steepenesse of the hilles There is also vpon this yland great store of partridges which are very came not making any great hast to flie away though one come very neere them but onely to runne away and get vp into the steepe cliffes we killed some of them with a fowling piece They differ very much from our partridges which are in England both in bignesse and also in colour For they be within a little as bigge as an henne and are of an ashe colour and liue in couies twelue sixteene and twentie together you cannot go ten or twelue score but you shall see or spring one or two couies at the least There are likewise
From the cape of Batochina vnto the West head of Iaua minor the course is Southwest aâ—d by South Northeast and by North and the distance betweene them is 220 leagues Item From the West end of Iaua minor vnto the East end of Iaua maior the course is West and by North and East by South and the distance betweene them is 18 leagues in the which course there lieth one iland betweene them which iland is in length 14 leagues Item From the East end of Iaua maior vnto the cape of Buena Esperança the course is West and by South and Westsouthwest and the distance betweene them is 1800 leagues Item That Cape Falso standeth 30 leagues to the Eastward of Cape de Buena Esperança off the sayd Cape Falso you shal haue shoalding 20 leagues off in 80 or 90 fadoms the course is from Caâ—e Falso vnto the cape of Buena Esperança Westnorthwest and Eastsoutheast A note of the distance and course from the cape of Buena Esperanza vnto the Northwards ITem From the cape of Buena Esperança vnto the iland of Santa Helena the course is Northwest and Northwest aâ—d by West and the distance betweene thâ—m is 600 leagues Item From the iland of Santa Helena vnto the iland of Flores the course betweene them is Northnorthwest and Northwest and by North and the distaâ—ce betweene them is 1200 leagues Item From the iland of Flores vnto the lands end of England the course is betweene the Eastnortheast and the Northeast and by East and the distance betweene them is foure hundred and fifty leagues A note of the variation of our Compasse IN primis The variation of our compasse on the coast of New Spaine iâ— the South sea in tâ—e latitude of 12 degrees was one point to the Eastwards Item the variation of our compasse betweene â—he cape of California and the ilands of the Philippinas was one point and an halfe vnto the Eastward that was that the North did stand North and by East and halfe a point vnto the East Item The variation of our compasse betweene the ilands of Maluco and the cape of Buena Esperança was two points and an halfe at the most to the Westward that was that the Northnortheast was our North. A note of our time spent in sailing betweene certeine places out of England 1586. IN primis We were sailing betweene England and the coast of Guinea from the 21 day of Iuly vnto the 26 day of August vnto the hauen called Sierra leona where we watered and stayed vntill the 6 day of September Item Wee departed from the coast of Guinea for the coast of Brasil the 10 day of September and wee had sight of the coast of Brasil the 26 day of October being sixe leagues to the Northwards of Cape Frio and from thence wee were sailing vnto the iland of S. Sebastian vntill the 31 and last day of October where we watered and set vp our pinnesse and we ankered on the Northwest part of the iland in tenne fadoms and stayed there vntill the 23 day of Nouember Item The 23 day of Nouember we departed from the iland of Sant Sebastian keeping our course South and by West vnto the port that is called Port Desire where we arriued the 17 day of December in which port we graued our shippe and we stayed there vntill the 28 day of December where we ankered in 5 fadoms Item The eight and twentieth day of December wee departed from the Port of Desire toward the Streight of Magellan where wee arriued the third day of Ianuary and wee remained in the Streights vntill the foure and twentieth day of February where we watered in many places on the South side hauing the winde all that while betweene the Westsouthwest and the Northwest Item We departed out of the Streights the 24 day of February toward the iland of Mocha which island we had sight of the 14 day of March. Item The 14 day of March at night we ankered in the bay of Marroccos where we rode in 9 fadoms water Item The 15 day of March we ankered in the iland of Saint Marie on the North part of the island in eight fadoms water blacke sand wheâ—e we stayed foure dayes Item The 19 day of March we departed frâ—â— the island of Saint Marie and the same day we ankered in the bay of Conception where we stayed vntill the next day and there we rode in ten fadoms water shiâ—gie stones Item The 20 day of March we departed from the bay of Conception and the thirtieth day of March we arriued in the bay of Quintero where wâ— watered and there the first day of April we had twelue of our men slaine being on land for water and we stayed there sixe dayes and we ankered in 7 fadoms water white sand Item We departed from the bay of Quintero the 5 day of April and we arriued at the bay of Arica the 24 day of April and we ankered in 7 fadoms water Item The 27 day of April we departed from the bay of Arica and the third day of May we arriued in the bay of Pisca and we ankered in 4 fadoms water in oaze Item The 5 day of May we departed from the bay of Pisca and the 12 day we ankered in the bay of Cherrepe where we ankered in 7 fadoms water in white sand Item The 18 day of May we departed from the bay of Cherrepe and the 20 day of May we arriued in the bay of Payta where we ankered in 6 fadoms water Item The 20 day of May we departed from the bay of Paita and the 26 day of May we ankered at the iland of Puna and we ankered in 5 fadoms Item From the iland of Puna we departed the fourth day of Iune vnto Rio dolce in the main where we watâ—red and we ankered in 10 fadoms water browne sand Item The 12 day of Iune we departed from the place where we watered being bound for the coast of New Spaine and the 29 day of Iuly wee arriued in the port of Aguatulco where wee watered and ankered in 6 fadoms water Item The 3 day of August we departed from the port of Aguatulco and the 26 day of August we arriued at the port of S. Iago where wee watered and stayed there vntill the second day of September and ankered in 6 fadoms Item The 2 of Septâ—mber we departed from the port of S. Iago and the 3 day of September we put into a port one league vnto the Westwards of Natiuidad where we ankered in 8 fadoms water Item The 4 day of September wee departed from the port of Natiuidad and the 7 day of September we put into the bay of Xalisco where we ankered in 9 fadoms water and the 10 day of September we departed from the bay of Xalisco and the 12 day of September we ankered
at the island of S. Andrew where we ankered in 17 fadoms water Item The 17 day of September we departed from the island of S. Andrew and the 24 day of September we put into the bay of Chiametlan where we ankered in 8 fadoms water and the 26 of September we departed from the bay of Chiametlan and the 28 day wee ankered vnder the islands of Chiametlan in 4 fadoms Item The 9 day of October wee departed from the islands of Chiametlan and crossing ouer the mouth of Mar vermejo the 14 day of October we had sight of the cape of California Item The 15 day of October we lay off the cape of S. Lucas and the 4 day of Nouember we tooke the great and rich ship callâ—d Santa Anna comming from the Philippinas and the 5 day of Nouember we put into the port of S. Lucas where we put all the people on shore and burnt the Santa Anna and we ankered in 12 fadoms water Item The 19 day of Nouember we departed from the port of S. Lucas and the 3 day of Ianuary wee had sight of one of the islands of the Ladrones which island is called The island of Iwana standing in the latitude of 13 degrees and 50 minuts Item The 3 day of Ianuary we departed from the iland of Iwana and the 14 day of Ianuarie we had sight of the cape of Spirito santo and the same day we put into the Streights of the Philippinas and the 15 day of Ianuary we ankered vnder the iland of Capul on the which iland we watered and wooded Item The 24 of Ianuary we departed from the iland of Capul and the 28 day of Ianuary we arriued in the bay of Lago grande which bay is in the island of Pannay where there were Spaniards building of a new ship Item The 29 of Ianuary wee departed from the bay of Lago grande and the same day at night wee were cleere from the islands of the Philippinas shâ—ping our course towards the ilands of Maluco Item From the 29 day of Ianuary vnto the first day of March we were nauigating between the West end of the island of Pannay and the West end of the island of Iaua minor Item The first day of March wee passed the Streights at the West head of the island of Iaua minor and the 5 day of March we ankered in a bay at the Wester end of Iaua maior where wee watered and had great store of victuals from the towne of Polambo Item The 16 day of March wee departed from the island of Iaua maior and the 11 day of May we had sight of the land 40 leagues vnto the Eastwards of the cape of Buena Esperança the land being low land A note from the cape of Buena Esperança vnto the Northwards ITem The 21 day of May wee departed from the cape of Buena Esperança and the 8 day of Iune we ankered on the Northwest part of the iland of Santa Helenâ— where we watered and made our abode 12 dayes Item The 20 day of Iune at night wee departed from the island of Santa Helena and the 4 day of Iuly we passed vnder the Equinoctiall line Item The 20 day of Iune at night wee departed from the island of Santa Helena and the 25 day of August in the morning wee had sight of the islands of Flores and Coruo in the latitude of 40 degrees Item The 9 day of September 1588 wee arriued after a long and terriblâ— tempest in the Narrow seas in the hauen of Plimmouth in safetie by the gracious and most mercifull protection of the Almighty to whom therefore be rendered immortall praise and thankesgiuing now and for euer Amen A note of our ankering in those places where we arriued after our departure from England 1586. IN primis Wee ankered in the harborow of Sierra leona in 10 fadoms water and a Northwest winde in that rode is the woorst that can blow Item You may anker vnder the island that is called Ilha Verde in 6 fadoms water and the winde being at the Westnorthwest is the woorst winde that can blow Item You may anker vnder the island of S. Sebastian on the Northwest part in 10 fadoms and a Westsouthwest winde is the woorst winde Item You may anker in Port Desire in 5 fadoms water and a West and by South winde is the woorst Item You may anker vnder Cape Ioy without the mouth of the Streights of Magellan in 7 fadoms water Item You may anker within the Straights of Magellan vâ—till you come vnto the first narrowing in 25 or 30 fadoms water in the mid way of the Streights Item You may anker in the second narrow of the Strâ—ights in 16 fadoms water Item You may anker vnder Penguin island on which side you please in 6 or 7 fadoms water Item You may anker in Port Famine in 5 or 6 fadoms water and a Southsoutheast winde is the woorst Item You may anker in Muskle coue which coue is on the South side and is 7 leagues to the Southwards of Cape Froward and you shall ride in 12 fadoms Item You may anker in Elizabeth bay which bay is on the North side of the Streights in 8 fadoms water Item From Elizabeth bay vnto Cabo descado you may anker on both sides of the Streights in many places A note of our ankering after we were entred into the South sea IN primis You may anker in the bay of Mocha in 7 or 8 fadoms water and there a Northeast winde is the woorst Item You may anker on the North side of S. Mary island in nine fadoms water and there a Northnorthwest winde is the woorst winde Item You may anker in the bay of Conception vnder one small island in 9 fadoms water and â— Northnorthwest winde is the woorst winde in that bay Item You may anker in the bay of Quintero in 7 fadoms water and a Northnorthwest wind is the worst winde Item You may anker in the bay of Arica in 6 fadoms and in that bay a Westnorthwest winde is the woorst winde Item You may anker in the bay of Pisca and Paraca in fiue fadoms and in that bay a Northnorthwest winde is the woorst Item You may anker in the bay of Cherepe in 8 fadoms and there from the Northwest vnto the Southeast it is open Item You may anker in the bay of Paita in 7 fadoms water and there a Northnortheast wind is the woorst winde Item You may anker on the Northeast part of the island of Puna in 4 fadoms and a Northeast winde is the woorst Item You may anker at Rio dolce where wee watered vnto the Easâ—wards of the island of Puna in 10 fadoms A note of what depths we ankered in on the coast of New Spaine ITem You may anker in the port of
Dulce mare inter Nouam Zemblam Tabin suspicatur A great gulfe is beyond Vaigats whereinto mighty riuers descend The best course to be taken in discoueries The mouthes of Bautisus and Oechardus 300. leagues from Cambalu Upon the obseruations of the tides depend great speculations May. Iune Kene an Island of Norway The North cape doubled Wardhouse Iuly Willoughbies land â—0 leagues from Kegor A sight of perfect land 70. deg 3. min. An Island The maine land Bearebay 70. deg 26. min. The supposed maine of Noua Zembla Many ouerfals The bay of Pechora They had sight of Vaygatz In Island hauing store of wood water â— faire islands An Island to the East of Vaigatz 4. or 5. leagues The William and the George meete againe Their returâ—e The currant runneth with the winde August A whole land of yce 70. degr 4. min. Frost The appearing of the starres signe of Winter Much snow Great store of snowe 69 degrees 49 minutes Then are thwart against Vaigats The Islands Shoales off Colgoyeue They lost the William here The land of Hugry The bay of Morezouets The towne of Hungon They double the North Cape in their returne Fowlenesse Lowfoote The sound of Romesal October Moore soundâ— Berozoua Vstia The Russian fleet best to be set forth in the beginning of May. 1582 Doctor Iacob Pheodor Andreuich Phisemsky the Emperors â—mbassadour The Hollanders intrude into our trade ‖ M. Coâ—e The great friendship of L. Boris Pheodorouich ‖ The Emperours house of recreation Anno 1553. M. William Burrough was then yong and with his brother in this first voyage Newnox is froÌ„ the road of S. Nicholas Westward 35 miles Note Anno 1554. Anno 1555. The King and Queenes letters M. Killingworths beard of a marueâ—lous length Anno 1556. Anno 1557. Loghar voyage 1560. The first trade to the Narue 1560. Alcock slaine in Persia. Edwards died at Astracanâ— Bannister died in Media ‖ Or Theodor. The death of Iuan Vasiliwich 1584. Apr. 18. â— Boris adopted as the Emperors third sonne The old Empresse her father and her yong sonne sent to Ouglets The day of Pheodor his coronation Iohn de Wale Chare Siberskâ— prince of Siberia taken prisoner and brought to Mosco Sopher Keri Alli king of the Crimmes arriual at Mosco The new Emperor Pheodore Iuanoâ—ich his letters and requests to the Queene M. Horseis voiage froÌ„ Mosco to England ouerland 1586 * It is rosting to death Strabo in his 7. booke of Geogr. Gen. 10. Ioseph l. 1 ca,14 The borders of Russia The Shires of Russia The Prouinces or Countries got by conquest The breadth and length of the Countrey Pechinga The colde of Russia The chiefe Riuers of Russia The fruits and graine of Russia The chiefe commodities of the Countrey 1 Furres These Rats are in Canada Momgosorskoy perhaps Molgomzaiâ— 2 Waxe 3 Hony 4 Tallow 5 Hide 6 Trane oyle The maner of hunting the Seale fish 7 Ickary 8 Hempe and Flaxe 9 Salt Nonocks 10 Tarre 11 Ribazuba 12 Slude 13 Saltpeter and brimstone 14 Iron The strange beasâ—es fish foule c. that breed in Russia Mosco Nouograd Iaruslaue Saxo Grammaticus lib. 11. pag. â—87 The maner of Russe building Souldiers by birth and inheritance Degrees of horsemen 1. â—raetoriani or such as attend the Emperors person 15000. Two other troupes to the number of 65000. Horsemen in continuall pay 80000. Footmen in continual pay 12000. StraÌ„gers mercenaries in pay 4300. The chief captains or leaders 1. The Voiauod or General 2. Lieutenant general 3. Marshals of the field foure Foure marshals deputies right Fiue Coronels vnder Captains Sixe Masters of the Artillery The walking Captaine Their order of mustering The horsemaÌ„s furniture The footmans furniture Prouision of victual Horsemens drummes The horsâ—mans maner of charging The footmans charge The walking Castle 1580. Reward for valure 1580. Lituania Narue Siberia and Ob. Conquest of a 1000 miles Permia and Pechora Means of holding chiefe townes Meanes of holding the countries of Pechora Permia and Siberia Siberia The kings brother of Siberia 1588. The PoloniaÌ„s called Laches by the Russe The Chrim Tartar The firing of Mosco by the Chrim Tartar in the yeare 1571. Homage done bâ— the Russe to the Chrim Tartar The maner of the Tartars fight and armour The subtiltiâ— of the Tartar The Tartar religion The Tartar nobilitie The Tartar diet 1588. The Tartars dwelling Pachymerius Laonicus Calcocondylas 1400 The Nagay Tartar the cruellest The Chircasce the câ—uâ—llest Tartar The Cheremissen Tartar of two sorts the Lugauoy and the Nagornay The Mordwit Tartar y e most barbarous of the rest The reuiuing of silkwormes Chrinisin a kind of silkworme Liberty to trade downe the Caspian sea No stranger without pasport admitted The Permians The Samoits The Samoits religion Slata Baba or the goldeÌ„ Hag. A fable The Sea Fishing oâ— sea The Samoits habit and behauiour The people of Meta Incognita such The â—appes The mart at Cola. Sleds drawen with Deere The dominion of the Duke of Moscouia Vologda Verst Vstiug Suchana Iug. So called of his swift and pleasant streame Pienega Nicholai Kuluio The regions by the North sea Pieza Piescoia Rubicho Czircho Czilma Petzora Pustosero Vssa * Cingulus mundâ— Stzuchogora Potzscheriema Camenipoias Samoged Foules and beasts Wilde people Poiassa Camen Artawischa Sibut Lepin Sossa Obi. Kitaisko Vuogolici Irtische Ierom. Tumen Grustina Kitai Blacke men without speech Serponow Lucomoria Men that yerely die and reuiue Obi. Calami Riuers Aureâ— Anus Obdora Cossin Cassima Tachnin a great riuer People of moÌ„strous shape A fish like a man Plinie writeth of the like fish The end of the iournall Mountaines The great Can of Cathay Moria is the sea Lucomoria Tumen Petzora Papin High mountaines supposed to be Hyperborei and Khipphet Cathay The fâ—uitâ—ull prouince of Rezan Iâ—â—oslaue Hony La regione della Cine. Confini delli vâ—rimi Tartariâ— Alcune Terre Incognite Confini Settentrionall della Russia The Countrey of China The coasts of the vttermost Tartaâ—s Certaine vnknowne Countrees The Northern coasts oâ— Russia The Northwest Master of the Horse The L. Steward The â— Treasurer Controller Chamberlaine Tasters Harbengers Gentlemen of the chamber The Gard. Groomes Constitution of their bodies Their diet An admirable induring of extreme heat and colde at one and the same time The Noble mans attire The Gentlemans apparel The Noble womans attire The Mousickâ— or common mans attire The Emperors stile increased The English Marchants complaints English Marchants in great fauour with the Emperor Halfe the debt of Aâ—tony Marsh remitted Ann. Dom. 1590. 1590 1585 The Emperor seised our merâ—â—ants goods 1591 This is a new poâ—t The English merchants 3 weeks restrained from their Mart. 1591 1592 The Emperors â—â—ile lately enlarged This is a damty meat made of the roâ—d of sturgeons M. Thomas Lind. 1592 The Empresse Irene deliuered of a daughter M. Francis Cherie Anno Domini 1592. After our accompt 1596. 10. Febr. 1597. Prince Boris Pheodorowich by
Nine bishopricks and one archbishoprick in Peru. The prouince of Tucuman Cordoua Aâ—acama Caâ—â—â—â— Acâ—â—â— El Calao Liâ—â— Santa Cannet◠〈◊〉 Paiâ—â—â— Guaiaquil Tumbeâ— Salsaperilla Ships built as Guaiaquil Puerto Viejo a place where Emralde a bound La Buena â—eâ—tura La gouernacioâ— de Popaâ—â—â— Negros 〈◊〉 from their masters Panama Costa ricâ— The prouince of Nicaragua The discouery of the Philippinas The Isle of Manilla The discouery of the Isles of Salomon Cloues ginger and sinamon The Isle of â—â—aâ—â—â—canal A towne burnt Abundance of good victuals vpon the Isles of Salomon A new rich trade for gold cloues ginger and sinamon Why these Isles were called The Isles of Salomon 5. Great Biskaynes ships fought wâ—tâ—a August Rio del orâ— Cape Blanco A dangerous sand Sierra leona A Portugall taken Poysoned arrowes The description of their towne September Many of our men hurt by Negros William Pickman diâ—th of a poysoned arrow This poâ—son is the 〈◊〉 of an 〈◊〉 Their departuâ—e from Sierra leona The Isles of Madâ—â—buâ—ba inhabited by Negros A towne Fâ—esh water October Cape Frio in Brasiâ—l Nouember S Sebâ—â—â—ians Iland The â—iuer of Ienero Decembeâ— 48. Degreesâ— Port Desâ—â—â— Seales strangâ— in â—hape 〈…〉 Yong Seales are very good meate Foules bâ—â—â—â—ding in burrowes like conies We call these foulâ—s 〈◊〉 gums They grauâ— and 〈◊〉 their shâ—â—s A man and a boy hurt by negligenâ—â— A kinde of 〈◊〉 Their departure from port Desire Ianuarâ—◠〈◊〉 Then enâ—â—r the â—â—râ—igâ—ts the 6. oâ— Ianuâ—â—ie â— Spaniaâ—d taken in tâ—e Sâ—â—eigâ—â—s of Mageâ—â—an The Barke Iâ—hn Thomas â—â—e of sir â—ran â— Dâ—â—keâ— conâ—oâ—â—â—â— King 〈…〉 dâ—solâ—te in the â—trâ—ights of Magelâ—aÌ„ which 〈◊〉 â—â—nâ—â—alâ—â—alled â—ort â—amâ—ne End enâ—mie to tâ—â— Spaniaâ—â—d Port famine in 5â— degrees Câ—pe Froward â—â— 54. degrees Muskle â—oue Elizabeth Bay The mâ—st â—â—â—â—tish Sauages that 〈…〉 â—eenâ— The Câ—anel of Sainâ— Ieâ—â—â—e Februarâ— 1587. The streights of Magellan aâ—e about 90. leagues long The Westerne mouth of the Streights is in 52. degrees and 2. tercâ—s Their entrance into the South sea the 24 of Februarie Ilands in thâ— South sea called Lâ—s Anegâ—dâ—â— March 1. Extreme danger of the Hugh Gallant by a great leake The I le of Mocha in 38. degrees not subiect to the Spaniards Arauco is the richest place in the South sea for golde and is not subdued by the Spaniards as yet Saint Marie Iland in 3â— degrees and 1. â—eâ—â—e which is subdued to the Spaniards A Church with crosses and altars The Indians of S. Mary Iland made all Christians Arauco rich in golde The Conception Quintero standeth in â—3 degreâ—s 50. minutes The perturie of a Spaniard Our men march 7. or 8. miles into their enemies land 24 Spaniard slaine A little Ilanâ—â—ull of pâ—â—gâ—in Moro morenâ— in â—3 degâ—ee aâ—d a halâ—e Most artificâ—all boates Tribute pay in fâ—sh A barke taken which ther called The Geoâ—ge Aâ—icâ— sâ—aâ—detâ— in 18 degrees 31 minutes A ship taken Great store of wine â—ound Another barke taken in the road The fourth barke taken A watch house The first barke of aduise taken A good mind if he had bene in a good cause The bay of Pisca in 13 deg â…” An Iland of Seales The Hugh Gallant lost â—ompanie of the fleete and met not vntill the seuenteenth 400 â—age of meaâ—e â—ound A bay in 9. degrees and 1 â—â— Iohn Way â— preacher A ship of 30. tunnes taken after halâ—e an houres fight Seuen degrees of Southerly latitude They met their fleete againe Two rich ships taken One shippe worth 20000 pounds The bay oâ— Paita in 5 degrees 4 〈◊〉 A new sort iâ— building The towne of Paita taken auâ—burnt 25 pounds wâ—ight in â—â—â—uer The towne of Paita had 200 houses in it A barke set on fire The Iland of Puna within 1 degree the Equinoctial to the South A great ship burnt Great store of cables made in Puna The towne of Guaiaquil A little Iland neere vnto Puna The I le of Puna is almost as big as the Ilâ— of Wight Cotton trees An excellâ—â—â— orchard The seconâ— grauing of their ships The first skiâ—mish with the Spaniards Zacharie Saâ—iâ— slaine honorâ—bly Robert Maddocâ— slaine with hiâ— owne peece 46 Spaniarâ—â— and Indianâ— slainâ— The second skirmish with the Spaniards The chiefe towne in Puna burnt They arriued at Puna the 25 of May. The Hugh Gallant a barke of 40 tuns sunke Rio dolce Michael Sancius a Marsâ—â—lian A great new ship burnt The second barke of aduise taken Sonsonate in the prouince of Guatimala A barke burnt The riuer of Copalita Aguatulco in 15 degâ—ees and 40 minutes Northward A barke burnt Anile Cacaos Aguâ—tulco a towne of 100 houses burnt Cacaos goe for moneâ— in Nueua Espanna Our Generall entred two miles into the maine land with 30 men Our departurâ— from Aguatulco Puerto de Nâ—â—â—uidad in 19 degrees The third coste of aduiâ— taken Puerto de Natâ—uidad burnt Two new ships burnâ— The riuer oâ— Sant Iago Pearles tâ—ken The bay of Malacca The towne of Acatlan burnt The road of Chaccalla The Isle of Sant Andrew Iguanos good meate Massatlan in 2â— degrees and an halfe An island a league Northwards of Massatlan The escape of one Domingo a Spaniard Chiaâ—etla Fresh water at 2 or 3 foote deepe in the sand The cape of S. Lucar on the point of California Aguada Segura California in 23 degrees and two thirds The fight betweene the great S. Anna and vs. The second encounter The third â—ncounter The great S. Anna yeeldeth One hundreth and two and twenty thousand pezos of gold A pezo â—s 8 s. The marchandise in the great ship The Spaniardes set on shore to the nuÌ„ber of 190. Mutinie against the Gâ—nerall Two hope of Iapon Three boyes of Manilla Nicolas Roderigo a Portugaâ— A Spanisâ— Piâ—otâ— Acapulco is thâ— haueâ— whence they 〈◊〉 to the Philippinas Good watering at the Lâ—drones The winâ—e aâ— Eastnorâ—heast The Content whereof Steueâ— Hâ—â—â— was master left â—ehinâ— in the road The island of Guana one of the Ladroneâ— in 13 degrees and two thirds Commoditieâ— of the isles of Ladrones The colouâ— and stature â— of the pâ—ople of the isles oâ— Ladronâ—â— Their images Artificial canoas Canoas sayling right against the winde The nimblenes of the people of the Ladrones Cabo del Spirito Santo one of the isles of the Philippinas in 13 degrees From Guanâ— an islâ— of The Landrones to Cabo del Spirito Santo is 310 leagues The description of the town of Manilla Trade from Acapulco to Manilla Marchants of Châ—na Marchants called Sangueloâ— Siluer exchanged waight for waighâ— for golde The island of Capul at which our men stayed 9 dayeâ— One of the chiefe gouernours of the island came aboord vs. Hennes and hogges The treason the Spanish Pilote 〈◊〉 led The copy of thâ— Spanish Pilotes letter tâ— the gouâ—rnouâ— of Manilla which was found in his cheste and translâ—ted by Timothy Shottor Capul adioyning vpon thâ— South isle of Manilla The Northwest passagâ—â— 50 lâ—agues from Maâ—â—llâ— The Spanisâ— Pilote
to the said Agents that if they shall be certified credibly that any of our said first ships be arriued in any place whereunto passage is to be had by water or by land that theâ— certaine of the company at the discretion of the Agents shall bee appointed to be sent to them to learne their estate condition to visite refresh relieue and furnish them with all necessaries and requisites at the common charges of the companie and to imbrace accept and intreat them as our deare and welbeloued brethren of this our societie to their reioycing and comfort aduertising Syr Hugh Willoughbie and others of our carefulnes of them and their long absence with our desire to heare of them with all other things done in their absence for their commoditie no lesse then if they had bene present 17 Item it is decreed that when the ships shal arriue at this goiâ—g foorth at the Wardhouse that their Agents with master Chancelor grand pilot Iohn Brooke merchant deputed for the Wardhouse with Iohn Buckland master of the Edward Iohn Howlet master and Iohn Robins pilot of the Philip and Marie shall conferre and consult together what is most profitable to be done therfore for the benefit of the company to consider whether they may bargaine with the captaine of the castle and the inhabitants in that place or alongst the coall for a large quantity of fish drie or wet killed by the naturals or to be taken by our men at a price reasonable for trucke of cloth meale salt or beere and what traine oyle or other commodity is to be had there at this time or any other season of the yeere and whether there will be had or found sufficient lading for both the sayd shippes to be bought there and how they may conferre with the naturals for a continuance in hanting the place if profit wil so arise to the company and to consider whether the Edward in her returne may receiue at the Wardhouse any kind of lading homeward and what it may amount vnto and whether it shall be expedient for the Philip to abide at the Wardhouse the returne of the Edward out of Russia or getting that she may returne with the first good wind to England without abiding for the Edward and so to conclude accord certainely among themselues vpon their arriuall that the certaintie may vpon good deliberation be so ordered and determined betweene both ships that the one may be assured of the other and their determinations to be put in writing duplicate to remaine with ech ship according to such order as shall be taken betweene them 18 Item that Iohn Brooke our marchant for the Wardhouse take good aduise of the rest of our Agents how to vse himselfe in al affaires whiles the ship shal be at the Wardhouse he to see good order to be be kept make bargains aduisedly not crediting the people vntill their natures dispositions fidelities shal be well tried make no debts but to take ware for ware in hand and rather be trusted then to trust Note diligently what be the best wares for those parts and howe the fishe falleth on the coast and by what meane it is to bee bought at the most aduantage what kindes and diuersities of sortes in fishes be and whether it will keepe better in bulke piled or in caske 19 Item he to haue a diligent eye circumspection to the beere salt and other liquid wares and not to suffer any waste to be made by the companie and he in all contracts to require aduise counsel and consent of the master and pilot the marchant to be our houswife as our speciall trust is in him he to tender that no lawes nor customes of the countrey be broken by any of the company and to render to the prince and other officers all that which to them doth appertaine the company to be quiet voide of all quarrelling fighting or vexation absteine from all excesse of drinking as much as may bee and in all to vse and behaue themselues as to quiet marchants doeth and ought to apperteine 20 Item it is decreed by the companie that the Edward shall returne home this yeere with as much wares as may be conueniently profitably prouided bought and laden in Russia and the rest to be taken in at the Wardhouse as by the Agents shall be accorded But by all meanes it is to be foreseene and noted that the Edward returne home and not to winter in any forrein place but to come home and bring with her all the whole aduertisements of the marchants with such further aduise for the next yeeres prouision as they shall giue 21 Item it is further decreed and ordeined inuiolably to be obserued that when the good ships or either of them by Gods grace shall returne home to the coastes of England that neither of them shall stay or touch in any Hauen or Port of England otherwise then wind and weather shall serue but shall directly saile and come to the Port of the citie of London the place of their right discharge and that no bulke be broken hatches opened chest fardell trusse barrel fat or whatsoeuer thing it shall be be brought out of the shippe vntill the companie shall giue order for the same and appoint such persons of the companie as shall be thought meet for that purpose to take viewe and consider the shippe and her ladiâ—g and shall giue order for the breaking vp of the saide bulke or giue licence by discretion for things to be brought to land And that euery officer shall shewe the inuoise of his charge to him first committed and to examine the wastes and losses and to deliuer the râ—mainder to the vse and benefit of the company according to such order as shall be appointed in that behalfe 22 Item the company exhorteth willeth and requireth not onely all the said Agents pilots masters marchants clerkes boatswaines stewards skafâ—masters and all other officers and ministers of this present voyage being put in charge and trust dayly to peruse reade and studie such instructions as be made giuen deliuered to them for perfect knowledge of the people of Russia Moscouia Wardhouse and other places their dispositions maners customes vses tolles cariages comes weights numbers measures wares merchandises commodities and incommodities the one to be accepted and imbraced the other to be reiected and vtterly abandoned to the intent that euery man taking charge may be so well taught perfited and readily instructed in all the premisses that by ignorance no losse or preiudice may grow or chance to the company assuring themselues that forasmuch as the company hath trauelled and laboured so in these their instructions to them giuen that euery man may bee perfect and fully learned to eschew all losses hurts and damages that may insâ—e by pretense or colour of none knowledge the company entendeth not to allow or accept ignorance for any lawfull or iust cause of excuse in that which
a castle made by the Crimmes but now it is ruined being the iust midway betweene the said Cazan and Astrachan which is 200. leagues or thereabout in the latitude of 51. degrees 47. minutes Upon all this shore groweth abundance of Licoris whose root runneth within the ground like a vine Thus going forward the sixt day of Iuly we came to a place called Perouolog so named because in times past the Tartars caried their boates from Volga vnto the riuer Tanais otherwise called Don by land when they would robbe such as passed downe the said Volga to Astracan and also such as passed downe by the riuer Tanais to Asou Caffa or any other towne situated vpon Mare Euxinum into which sea Tanais falleth who hath his springs in the countrey of Rezan out of a plaine ground It is at this streight of Perouolog from the one riuer to the other two leagues by land and is a dangerous place for theeues and robbers but now it is not so euill as it hath bene by reason of the Emperour of Russia his conquests Departing from Perouolog hauing the wildernesse on both sides wee sawe a great heard of Nagayans pasturing as is abouesaid by estimation aboue a thousand Camels drawing of cartes with houses vpon them like tents of a strange fashion seeming to bee a farre off a towne that Hord was belonging to a great Murse called Smille the greatâ—st prince in all Nagay who hath slaine and driuen away all the rest not sparing his owne brethren and children and hauing peace with this Emperour of Russia he hath what he needeth and ruleth alone so that now the Russes liue in peace with the Nagayans who were wont to haue mortall warres together The 14. day of Iuly passing by an old castle which was Old Astracan and leauing it vpon our right hand we arriued at New Astracan which this Emperour of Russia conquered sixe yeeres past in the yeere 1552. It is from the Mosco vnto Astracan sixe hundreth leagues or thereabout The towne of Astracan is situated in an Island vpon a hill side hauing a castle within the same walled about with earth and timber neither faire nor strong The towne is also walled about with earth the buildings and houses except it be the captaines lodging and certaine other gentlemens most base and simple The Island is most destitute and barren of wood and pasture and the ground will beare no corne the aire is there most infected by reason as I suppose of much fish and specially Sturgion by which onely the inhabitants liue hauing great scarsitie of flesh and bread They hang vp their fish in their streets and houses to dry for their prouision which causeth such abundance of flies to increase there as the like was neuer seene in any land to their great plague And at my being at the sayd Astracan there was a great famine and plague among the people and specially among the Tartars called Nagayans who the same time came thither in great numbers to render theÌ„selues to the Russes their enemies to seeke succour at their hands their countrey being destroyed as I said before but they were but ill entertained or relieued for there died a great number of them for hunger which lay all the Island through in heapes dead and like to beasts vnburied very pitifull to behold many of them were also sold by the Russes and the rest were banished from the Island At that time it had bene an easie thing to haue conuerted that wicked Nation to the Christian faith if the Russes themselues had bene good Christians but how should they shew compassion vnto other Nations when they are not mercifull vnto their owne At my being there I could haue bought many goodly Tartars children if I would haue had a thousand of their owne fathers and mothers to say a boy or a wench for a loafe of bread woorth sixe pence in England but we had more need of victuals at that time then of any such merchandise This Astracan is the furthest hold that this Emperour of Russia hath conquered of the Tartars towards the Caspian sea which he keepeth very strong sending thither euery yere prouision of men and victuals and timber to build the castle There is a certaine trade of merchandise there vsed but as yet so small and beggerly that it is not woorth the making mention and yet there come merchants thither from diuers places The chiefest commodities that the Russes bring thither are redde hides redde sheepes skinnes woodden vessels bridles and saddles kniues and other trifles with corne bacon and other victuals The Tartars bring thither diuers kindes of wares made of cotten wooll with diuers kindes of wrought silkes and they that come out of Persia namely from Shamacki doe bring sowing silke which is the coursest that they vse in Russeland Crasko diuers kinds of pide silkes for girdles shirts of male bowes swords and such like things and some yeeres corne and wallnuts but all such things in such small quantitie the merchants being so beggerly and poore that bring the fame that it is not worth the writing neither is there any hope of trade in all those parts woorth the folowing This foresaid Island of Astracan is in length twelue leagues and in bredth three lieth East and West in the latitude of fortie seuen degrees nine minutes we taried there vntil the sixt day of August and hauing bought and prouided a boate in company with certaine Tartars and Persians we laded our goods and imbarked our selues and the same day departed I with the said two Iohnsons hauing the whole charge of the Nauigation downe the sayd riuer Volga being very crooked and full of flats toward the mouth thereof We entred into the Caspian sea the tenth day of August at the Easterly side of the sayd riuer being twentie leagues from Astracan aforesayd in the latitude of fortie six degrees twentie seuen minutes Volga hath seuentie mouthes or fals into the sea and we hauing a large wind kept the Northeast shore and the eleuenth day we sailed seuen leagues Eastnortheast and came vnto an Island hauing an high hill therein called Accurgar a good marke in the sea From thence East tenne leagues we fell with another Island called Bawhiata much higher then the other Within these two Islands to the Northwards is a great Baie called the Blew sea Form thence wee sailed East and by North ten leagues and hauing a contrary wind we came to an anker in a fadome water and so rid vntill the fifteenth day hauing a great storme at Southeast being a most contrary wind which we rid out Then the wind came to the North and we weyed and set our course Southeast and that day sailed eight leagues Thus proceeding forwards the 17. day wee lost sight of land and the same day sailed thirtie leagues and the 18. day twentie leagues winding East and fell with a land called Baughleata being 74. leagues from the mouth
of the place and of as many things worth the noting as you may then conueniently see from time to time These orders if you diligently obserue you may thereby perfectly set downe in the plats that I haue giuen you your whole trauell and description of your discouery which is a thing that will be chiefly expected at your hands But withall you may not forget to note as much as you can learne vnderstand or perceiue of the maner of the soile or fruitfulnesse of euery place and countrey you shall come in and of the maner shape attire and disposition of the people and of the commodities they haue and what they most couet and desire of the commodities you cary with you It behoueth you to giue trifling things vnto such people as you shall happen to see and to offer them all courtesie and friendship you may or can to winne their loue and fauour towardes you not doing or offering them any wrong or hurt And though you should be offered wrong at their handes yet not to reuenge the same lightly but by all meanes possible seeke to winne them yet alwayes dealing wisely and with such circumspection that you keepe your selues out of their dangers Thus I beseeth God Almightie to blesse you and prosper your voyage with good and happie successe and send you safely to returne home againe to the great ioy and reioycing of the aduenturers with you and all your friends and our whole countrey Amen Certaine briefe aduises giuen by Master Dee to Arthur Pet and Charles Iackman to bee obserued in their Northeasterne discouerie Anno 1580. IF we recken from Wardhouse to Colgoieue Island 400. miles for almost 20. degrees difference onely of longitude very neere East and West and about the latitude of 70. degrees and two thirde parts From Colgoieue to Vaigats 200. miles for 10. degrees difference onely in longitude at 70. degrees of latitude also From Vaigats to the promontorie Tabin 60. degrees difference of longitude the whole course or shortest distance being East and West in the latitude likewise of 70. degrees maketh 1200. miles then is summa totalis from Wardhouse to Tabin 600. leagues or 1800. English miles Therefore allowing in a discouery voiage for one day with another but 50. English miles it is euident that from Wardhouse to Tabin the course may bee sailed easily in sixe and thirtie dayes but by Gods helpe it may be finished in much shorter time both by helpe of winde prosperous and light continuall for the time requisit thereunto When you are past Tabin or come to the longitude of 142. degrees as your chart sheweth or two three foure or fiue degrees further Easterly it is probable you shall finde the land on your right hand runne much Southerly and Eastward in which course you are like either to fall into the mouth of the famous riuer Oechardes or some other which yet I coniecture to passe by the renowmed Citie of Cambalu and the mouth to be in latitude about 50. or 52. degrees and within 300. or 400. miles of Cambalu it selfe being in the latitude of 45. degrees Southerly of the saide riuers mouth or els that you shall trend about the very Northerne and most Easterly point of all Asia passing by the prouince Ania and then to the latitude of 46. degrees keeping still the land in view on your right hand as neere as you may with safetie you may enter into Quinsay hauen being the chiefe citie in the Northern China as I terme it for distinctions sake from the other better knowen And in or about either or both of these two warme places you may to great good purpose bee occupied the whole winter after your arriuall in those quarters as sometime by sea sometime in notable fresh riuers sometime in discreet view and noting downe the situation of the Cities within land c. and euer assaying to come by some charts or maps of the countrey made and printed in Cathay or China and by some of their bookes likewise for language c. You may also haue opportunitie to saile ouer to Iapan Island where you shall finde Christian men Iesuits of many countreys of Christendome some and perhaps some Englishmen at whose handes you may haue great instruction and aduise for you affaires in hand Notes in writing besides more priuie by mouth that were giuen by M. Richard Hakluyt of Eiton in the Countie of Hereford Esquire Anno 1580 to M. Arthur Pet and to M. Charles Iackman sent by the Merchants of the Moscouie companie for the discouery of the Northeast straight not altogether vnfit for some other enterprises of discouery hereafter to be taken in hand What respect of Islands is to be had and why VVHereas the Portingals haue in their course to their Indies in the Southeast certaine ports and fortifications to thrust into by the way to diuers great purposes so you are to see what Islands and what ports you had neede to haue by the way in your course to the Northeast For which cause I wish you to enter into consideration of the matter and to note all the Islands and to set them downe in plat to two ends that is to say That we may deuise to take the benefit by them And also foresee how by them the Sauages or ciuill Princes may in any sort annoy vs in our purposed trade that way And for that the people to the which we purpose in this voyage to go be no Christians it were good that the masse of our commodities were alwayes in our owne disposition and not at the will of others Therefore it were good that we did seeke out some small Island in the Scithian sea where we might plant fortifie and staple safely from whence as time should serue wee might feed those heathen nations with our commodities without cloying them or without venturing our whole masse in the bowels of their countrey And to which Island if neede were and if wee should thinke so good wee might allure the Northeast nauie the nauie of Cambalu to resort with their commodities to vs there planted and stapling there And if such an Island might be found so standing as might shorten our course and so standing as that the nauie of Cambalu or other those parties might conueniently saile vnto without their dislike in respect of distance then would it fal on t well For so besides lesse danger and more safetie our ships might there vnlade and lade againe and returne the selfe same summer to the ports of England or of Norway And if such an Island may be for the stapling of our commodities to the which they of Cambalu would not saile yet we might hauing ships there imploy them in passing betweene Cambalu and that stapling place Respect of hauens and harborowes ANd if no such Islands may bee found in the Scithian sea toward the firme of Asia then are you to search out the ports that be about Noua Zembla all along the tract of
shippe From these Iles we departed and arriued at Mona about the twentieth of Nouember 1593 and there comming to an anker toward two or three of the clocke in the morning the Captaine and Edmund Barker his Lieuetenant with some few others went on land to the houses of the olde Indian and his three sonnes thinking to haue gotten some foode our victuals being all spent and we not able to proceede any further vntill we had obteyned some new supply We spent two or three daies in seeking prouision to cary aboord to relieue the whole companie And comming downe to go aboord the winde then being northerly and the sea somewhat growne they could not come on shore with the boate which was a thing of small succour and not able to rowe in any rough sea whereupon we stayed vntill the next morning thinking to haue had lesse winde and safer passage But in the night about twelue of the clocke our ship did driue away with fiue men and a boy onely in it our carpenter secretly cut their owne cable leauing nineteene of vs on land without boate or any thing to our great discomfort In the middest of these miseries reposing our trust in the goodnesse of God which many times before had succoured vs in our greatest extremities we contented our selues with our poore estate and sought meanes to preserue our liues And because one place was not able to sustaine vs we tooke our leaues one of another diuiding our selues into seuerall companies The greatest reliefe that we sixe which were with the Captaine could finde for the space of nine and twentie dayes was the stalkes of purselaine boyled in water and nowe and then a pompion which we found in the garden of the olde Indian who vpon this our second arriuall with his three sonnes stole from vs and kept himselfe continually aloft in the mountaines After the ende of nine and twentie dayes we espied a French shippe which afterwarde we vnderstood to be of Diepe called the Luisa whose Captaine was one Mounsieur Felix vnto whom wee made a fire at sight whereof he tooke in his top sayles bare in with the land and shewed vs his flagge whereby we iudged him French so comming along to the Westerne ende of the Island there he ankered we making downe with all speede vnto him At this time the Indian and his three sonnes came done to our Captaine Master Iames Lancaster and wâ—nt along with him to the shippe This night he went aboord the French man who gaue him good entertainement and the next day fetched eleuen more of vs aboord entreating vs all very courteously This day came another French shippe of the same towne of Diepeâ— which remayned there vntill night expecting our other seuen mens comming downe who albeit we caused certaine pieces of ordinance to be shot off to call them yet came not downe Whereupon we departed thenceâ— being deuided sixe into one ship and sixe into another and leauing this Island departed for the Northside of Saint Domingo where we remained vntill Aprill following 1494 and spent some two monethes in traffike with the inhabitants by permission for hides and other marchandises of the Countrey In this meane whâ—le there came a shippe of New-hauen to the place where we were whereby we had intelligence of our seuen men which wee left behinde vs at the Isle of Mona which was that two of them brake their neckes with â—entring to take foules vpon the cliffes other three were slaine by the Spaniards which came from Saint Domingo vpon knowledge giuen by our men which went away in the Edward the other two this man of New-hauen had with him in his shippe which escaped the Spaniards bloodie hands From this place Captaine Lancaster and his Lieutenant Master Edmund Barker shipped themselues in another shippe of Diepe the Captaine whereof was one Iohn La Noe which was readie first to come away and leauing the rest of their companie in other ships where they were well intreated to come after him on sunday the seuenth of Apill 1594 they set homewarde and disbocking through the Caijcos from thence arriued safely in Diepe within two and fortie dayes after on the 19 of May where after we had stayed two dayes to refresh our selues and giuen humble thankes vnto God and vnto our friendly neighbours we tooke passage for Rie and landed there on Friday the 24 of May 1594 hauing spent in this voyage three yeeres sixe weekes and two dayes which the Portugales performe in halfe the time chiefely because wee lost our fit time and season to let foorth in the beginning of our voyage We vnderstood in the East Indies by certaine Portugales which we tooke that they haue lately discouered the coast of China to the latitude of nine and fiftie degrees finding the sea still open to the Northward giuing great hope of the Northeast or Northwest passage Witnesse Master Iames Lancaster Certaine remembrances of an intended voyage to Brasill and the Riuer af Plate by the Edward Cotton a ship of 260 Tunnes of Master Edward Cotton of Southhampton which perished through extreme negligence neare Rio graâ—de in Guinie the 17 of Iuly 1583. ARticles of Couenants agreed vpon betweene Edward Cotton Esquier owner of the good ship called the Edward Cotton of Southhampton and of all the marchandizes in her laden of the one part and William Huddie gentleman Captaine of the said ship Iohn Hooper his Lieutenant Iohn Foster Master Hugh Smith Pilot for the whole voyage and William Cheesman marchant on the other part 1 TO obserue and keepe the dayly order of Common prayer aboord the ship and the companie to be called thereunto at the least once in the day to be pronounced openly 2 Item that they be ready with the first faire winde to set saile and sailes in the voyage and not to put into any port or harbour but being forcibly constrained by weather or other apparant and vrgent cause 3 Item that they take in at or about the Isles of Cape Verde to the quantitie of 25 or 30 tuns of salt to be imployed among other the owners marchandize at Santos and S. Vincent to his onely behoofe and the rest of the salt so much as shall be needed for victuall and for sauing of the hides to be kept aboord the same salt to be prouided either at the fishermens hands neere the said Isles for trucke of commodities or els to be taken in at the aforesaid Isles at the discretion of the abouenamed 4 Item vpon the due performance of this voiage the owner bindeth himselfe by this deede to yeeld vnto any such of the companie as shall refuse their shares before they depart from the coast of England 20 markes a single share for the dutie of the whole voiage making not aboue 75. shares single in the whole 5 Item the company according as they be appointed by the officers of the said ship aboue named shall at all times be most ready
to doe their painfull iâ—deuor not onely aboord but in all labours at the land according to the direction giuen by the abdue named officers vpon paine of forfeiture of their shares and wages the same to be diuided amongst the company 6 Item that the shares be taken at their returne out of al the traine oile and hides of the seales and of all other commodities gotten by their handie labour and of the salt that shall be bended and other commodities at or neere the coast of Brasill to allow after 9 li. the tunne freight whereof one third to goe to the companie 7 Item that if any man shall practise by any deuise or deuises whatsoeuer to alter the voiage from the true purpose and intent of the owner viz. to make their first port at Santos and Saint Vincent and there to reuictuall and traffike and from thence to the riuer of Plate to make their voyage by the traine and hide of the seales with such other commodities as are there to be had according as the owner with diuers that haue gouernment in the said ship are bound to her highnesse by their deedes obligatorie in great summes that all such practisers vpon due proofe made shall loose their whole intertainement due by shares or otherwise for this sayde voyage to be adiudged by the Captaine his Lieutenant the Master Pilot and marchant or three of them at the least whereof the Captaine to be one 8 Item that the pinnesse be ready at al times to serue the marchants turne vpon his demand to take in wares and commodities and to cary and recary to and from the shore when and as oft as neede shall be and to giue due attendance at the marchant and marchants ditection during the whole voyage 9 Item that no head or chiefe officer being set downe for such an officer vnder the hand of the owner at the going to sea of the said shippe shall or may be displaced from his said place or office without great cause and his misdemeanor to be adiudged by the Captaine and his Lieutenant the Master the Pilot and the marchant or by the consent of three of them at the least 10 Item that vpon the returne of the shippe to the coast of England the Maister and Pilot put not into any port or harbour to the Westward of Southhampton but forced by weather or such like vrgent cause William Huddie Iohn Hooper Hugh Smith Iohn Foster William Cheesman A direction as well for the Captaine and other my friends of the ship as especially for William Cheesman Marchant for the voyage to the riuer of Plate AT your comming to the Isle of Saint Sebastian vpon the coast of Brasill you shall according to your discretions make sale of such commodities as you may thinke will be thereabout well vented and likewise to buy commodities without making longer stay there then your victuals be prouiding but rather to bespeake commodities against your returne from the riuer of Plate especially of Amber Sugar Grâ—ene ginger Cotton wooll and some quantitie of the peppers of the countrey there Also for Parats and Munkies and the beast called Serrabosa Also you shall barrell vp of the beefe called Perune two or three barrels and to lose no good oportunitie to gather of the Indian figges and the graines of them to preserue drie in such quantitie as conueniently may be done and touching the making of the traine and preseruing of the hides I leaue it wholly to the order and the discretion of the chiefe of the companie Also that in any road where the ship shall ride vpon the coast of America triall be made with the dragges for the pearle Oisters and the same being taken to be opened and searched for pearle in the presence of the Captaine his Lieutenant the Master the Pilot and marchant or three of them whereof the Captaine or his Lieutenant to be one and to remaine in the custodie of the Captaine and marchant vnder two lockes either of them to haue a key to his owne locke and that a true inuentorie be deliuered also to the Master and Pilot of the said pearle or other iewels of price gotten in the said voiage to the intent that no partie be defrauded of his due and that no concealment be made of any such thing vpon forfeiture the partie to lose his share and dutie for the voyage that shall so conceale and not reueale it vnto the officers aboue named Also to doe your best indeuour to try for the best Ore of golde siluer or other rich mettals whatsoeuer Forget not also to bring the kernels and seeds of strange plants with you the Palmito with his fruit inclosed in him Serue God keepe good watch and stand alwayes vpon your garde Edward Cotton These things being thus ordered and the ship of the burden of 260 tunnes with 83 men of all sortes furnished and fully appointed for the voyage began to set saile from Hurst Castle vpon Friday the 20 of May Anno 1583 and the 17 day of Iuly ensuing fell with the coast of Guinie to take in fresh water where through meere dissolute negligence she perished vpon a sand with the most part of the men in her as appeareth by the confession of one that escaped the substance and tenor whereof is this The confession of VVilliam Bends Masters Mate in the Edward Cotton the 21 of October Ann. 1584. HE sayth that the 17 day of Iuly Anno 1583. hauing some lacke of fresh water they put roome vpon the coast of Guinie where they were set vpon a sand about 8 leagues from the shore and this Examinate with 29 more got into the pinnesse who arriued in an Island being desolate of people and fiue miles in compasse where they rested 18 dayes through force of weather hauing nought to eate but grasse The rest of the company the ship being splitted in two and in quarters got them into one of the after quarters and by the helpe of raftes came also a shore into another Island neere to Rio grande where they all died as he supposeth The other 30 in the pinnesse at the end of 18 dayes departed that Island and came to Saint Domingo where comming on shore they were taken of the Moores stripped naked And they buried one Coxe an olde man aliue not withstanding his pitifull lamentation and skâ—â—kings the rest hauing Rice and water allowed them liued there a certaine time This Examinate was at last sold to a Portugall with whom he dwelt the space of a quarter of a yere and in the end a Portugall Carauel comming thither his master laded the same with Negroes and he obtained leaue of his master to goe in the same Carauell by that meanes arriued at Lisbone and from thence came into England the 17 of October 1584 leauing behinde him of his companie aliue Richard Hacker Iohn Baker Iohn Mathew and a boy with two others which were gone beyond Saint Domingo all which as
should be done and that against another yeere it should be in better readines the reason why we found it so vnprepared was because in this kings time no Christians had euer resorted thither to lade pepper The next day there were sent vs 12 baskets and so a litle euery day vntill the 9 of March at which time we had made vpon 64 serons of pepper and 28 Elephants teeth In this time of our being at Benin our natures at this first time not so well acquainted with thâ—â— climate we fell all of vs into the disease of the feuer whereupon the Captaine sent me downe with those goods which we alreadie had receiued to the rest of our men at Goto where being arriued I found all the men of our pinnesse sicke also and by reason of their weaknes not able to conuey the pinnesse and goods downe to the place where our ship road but by good hap within two houres after my comming to Goto the boate came vp from the ship to see how all things stood with vs so that I put the goods into the boat and went downe towards the ship but by that time I was come aboord many of our men died namely Master Benson the Cooper the Carpenter 3 or 4 more my selfe was also in such a weake state that I was not able to returne againe to Benin Whereupon I sent vp Samuel Dunne and the Chirurgian with him to our men that were about to let them blood if it were thought needfull who at their comming to Benin found the Captaine and your sonne William Bird dead and Thomas Hempsteede very weake who also died within two dayes after their comming thither This sorrowfull accident caused them with such pepper and teeth as they could then find speedily to returne to the ship as by the Cargason will appeare at their comming away the Veadore tolde them that if they could or would stay any longer time he would vse all possible expedition to bring in more commodities but the common sicknesse so increased and continued amongst vs all that by the time our men which remained were come aboord we had so many sicke and dead of our companie that we looked all for the same happe and so thought to loose both our ship life countrey and all Very hardly and with much adoe could we get vp our ankers but yet at the last by the mercie of God hauing gotten them vp but leauing our pinnesse behinde vs we got to sea and set saile which was vpon the 13 of Aprill After which by little and little our men beganne to gather vp their crums and to recouer some better strength and so sailing betwixt the Islands of Cape Verde and the maine we came to the Islands of the Azores vpon the 25 of Iuly where our men beganne a fresh to grow ill and diuers died among whom Samuel Dun was one and as many as remained liuing were in a hard case but in the midst of our distresse it fell so wel out by Gods good prouidence that we met with your ship the Barke Burre on this side the North cape which did not only keepe vs good coÌ„panie but also sent vs sixe fresh men aboord without whose helpe we should surely haue tasted of many inconueniences But by this good meanes we are now at the last arriued in Plimouth this 9 day of September and for want of better health at this time I referre the further knowledge of more particularities till my comming to London Yours to commaund Anthony Ingram The second voyage to Benin set foorth by Master Iohn Newton and Master Iohn Bird Marchants of London in the yeere 1590 with a ship called the Richard of Arundell of the burthen of one hundreth tunnes and a small pinnesse in which voyage Master Iames Welsh was chiefe Maister THe third of September 1590 we set saile from Ratclife and the 18 of the said moneth we came into Plimouth sound and the two and twentieth we put to sea againe and at midnight we were off the Lisart and so passed on our voyage vntill the 14 of October on which day we had sight of â—orteueâ—tura one of the Canarie Islands which appeared very ragged as we sailed by it The 16 of October in the latitude of 24 degrees and nine minutes we met with a great hollow sea the like whereof I neuer saw on this coast and this day there came to the ships side a monstrous great fish I thinke it was a Gobarto which put vp his head to the sleepe tubs where y e cooke was in shifting the victuals whoÌ„ I thought the fish would haue caried away The 21 in this latitude of 18 degrees we met with a countersea out of the North boord and the last voyage in this very place we had the countersea out of the South being very calme weather as now it is also The 24 we had sight of Cauo Verde and the 25 we met with a great hollow sea out of the North which is a common signe that the winde will be Northerly and so it prooued The 15 of Nouember we met with three currants out of the West and Northwest one after another with an houres time betweene each currant This was in the latitude of 6 degrees and 42 minutes The 18 day we met with two other great currants out of the Southwest and the 20 we said another current out of the Northeast and the 24 we had a great current out of the Southsouthwest and at 6 of the clocke towards night we had 3 currents more The 27 we thought that we had gone at the least 2 leagues and a halfe euery watch and it fell out that we sailed but one league euery watch for the space of 24 hours by meanes of a great billow and current that came still out of the South The 5 of December in setting the watch we cast about and lay East Nâ—rtheast and Northeast and here in 5 degrees and a halfe our pinnesse lost vs wilfully The 7 at the going downe of the Sunne we saw a great blacke spot in the Sunne and the 8. day both at rising and setting we saw the like which spot to our seeming was about the bignesse of a shilling being in 5 degrees of latitude and still there came a great billow out of the southerboord The 14 we sounded and had 15 fadom water and grosse red sand and 2 leagues from the shore the currant set Southeast along the shore with a billow still out of the southerboord The 15 we were thwart a rocke somewhat like the Newstone in England it was 2 leagues from vs here we sounded and had 27 fadom but the rocke is not aboue a mile from the shore and a mile farther we saw another rocke and betweene them both broken ground here we sounded and had but 20 fadome and blacke sand and we might see plaine that the rockes went not along the shore but from the land to the seaward and
about 5 leagues to the Southward we sawe a great day here we had 4 degrees and 27 minuts The 16 we met with a French ship of Hunfleur who robbed our pinnesse we sent a letter by him and this night we saw another spot in the Sunne at his going downe And towards euening we were thwart of a riuer and right ouer the riuer was a high tuft of trees The 17 we ankered in the riuers mouth and then we found the land to be Cauo de las Palmas and betweene vs the cape was a great ledge of rockes one league and a halfe into the sea and they bare to the West of the Cape we saw also an Island off the point of the foreland thus it waâ—ed night that we could perceiue no more of the lande but onely that it trended in like a bay where there runneth a streame as if it were in the riuer of Thames and this was the change day of the Moone The 19 a faire temperate day and the wind South we went East and the lande a sterne of vs West and it shewed low by the water side like Islands this was the east of Cauo de las Palmas and it trended in with a great sound and we went East all night and in the morning wee were but 3 or 4 leagues from the shore The 20 we were thwart of a riuer called Rio de los Barbos The 21 we went along the shore East 3 or 4 leagues to the West of Cauo de tres puntas I find the bay to be set deeper then it is by 4 leagues and at 4 of the clocke the land begun to shewe high and the first part of it full of Palme trees The 24 still going by the shore the land was very low and full of trees by the water side and at 12 of the clocke we ankered thwart of the riuer called Rio de Boilas Here we sent our boate a shore with the marchants but they durst not put into the riuer because of a great billow that continually brake at the enterance vpon the barre The 28 we sailed alongst the shore and ankered at night in seuen fadom because a great current would haue put vs backe which came from the East Southeast from Papuas The 29 at noone we were thwart of Arda and there we tooke a Carauel but the men were fled on land then we went aboord her but she had nothing in her but only a litle oyle of Palme trees and a few roots The next morning our Captaine and marchants went to meete Portugals that came in a boate to speake with vs where they communed about the buying of the Carauell of our men againe and the Portugals promised that we should haue for the Carauell certaine bullocks and Elephants teeth and they gaue vs one tooth and one bullocke presently and sayd they would bring vs the rest the next day The first of Ianuarie our Captaine went on land to speake with the Portugales but when he saw they did dissemble he came aboord againe and presently we vnrigged the Carauell and set her on fire before the towne Then we set saile and went along the coast where we saw a Date tree the like whereof is not in all that coast vpon the water side also we fell on ground a litle in one place Thus we went to Villa longa and there ankered The third we were as far shot as Rio de Lagoa where our marchants went a shore and vpon the barre they found 3 fadom flat but they went not in because it was late There is also to the Eastward of this riuer a Date tree higher then all the rest of the other trees thereabout Thus we went along the coast and euery night ankered al the shore as we went was full of trees and thicke woods The 6 day in the morning it was very foggy so that we could not see the land and at three of the clocke in the afternoone it cleared vp then we found our selues thwart of the riuer of Iaya and when we found the shallow water we bare into the sea South as we did the voyage before and came to an ancre in fiue fadom water The next day we set saile againe and towards noone we were thwart of the riuer of Benin in foure fadom water The 10 day our Captaine went on land with the shallop at 2 a clocke in the afternoone All this weeke it was very foggy euery day vntill ten a clocke and all this time hitherto hath beene as temperate as our summer in England This day we went into the road and ankered the west point of the road bare East northeast off vs we riding in foure fadome water The 21 a faire temperate day this day M. Hassald went to the towne of Goto to heare newes of the Captaine The 23 came the Carauell and Samuell in her and she brought 63 Elephants teeth and three bullocks The 28 a faire temperate day and towards night there fell much raine lightning and thunder this day our boate came aboord from Goto The 24 of Februarie we tooke in 298 Cerons or sackes of pepper and 4 Elephants teeth and the winde was at Southeast And the 26 we put the rest of our goods into the Carauell and M. Hassald went with her to Goto The 5 of March y e Carauel came againe brought 21 Cerons of pepper 4 Elephants teeth The 9 of Aprill our Carauell came aboord with water for our prouision for the sea and this day also we lost our shallope The 17 a drowsie rainie day and in the afternoone we saw 3 great spoutes of raine two on our larbord side and one right with the ships head but God be thanked they came not at vs and this day we tooke in the last of our water for the sea and the 26 we victualed our Carauell to go with vs to the sea The 27 we set saile to goe homewarde with the winde at Southwest and at two a clocke in the afternoone the riuer of Benin was Northeast 8 leagues from vs. The 3 of May we had such a terrible gust with raine lightning thunder that it tore and split our fore saile and also the Carauels fore-sayle and maine-sayle with the wind at Southeast The 12 a faire temperate day much like our â—ommer mornings in England being but one degree a halfe from the line but at midnight we had a cruell gust of raine the wind at northeast The 24 we were South from from Cauo de las Palmas â—7 leagues The first of Iuly we had sight of the Island of Braua and it bare East 7 leagues off and this Island is one of the Islands of Cauo Verde The 13 of August we spake with the Queenees ships the Lord Thomas Howard being Admirall and sir Richard Greeneuill Uiceadmirall They kept vs in their company vntill the 15
gotten and that stormes and tempests began to reigne in New-found land and that we were so farre from home not knowing the perils and dangers that were behind for either we must agree to returne home againe or els to stay there all the yeere Moreouer we did consider that if the Northerne winds did take vs it were not possible for vs to depart thence All which opinions being heard and considered we altogether determined to addresse our seluâ—s homeward Nowe because vpon Saint Peters day wee entred into the sayd Streite wee named it Saint Peters Streite Wee sounded it in many places in some wee found 150 fadome water in some 100 and neere the shoare sirtie and cleere ground From that day till Wednesday following we had a good and prosperous gale of winde so that we trended the said North shore East Southeast West Northwest for such is the situation of it except one Cape of low lands that bendeth more toward the Southeast about twenty fiue leagues from the Streight In this place we saw certaine smokes that the people of the countrey made vpon the sayd cape but because the wind blewe vs toward the coast we went not to them which when they saw they came with two boates and twelue men vnto vs and as freely came vnto our ships as if they had bene French men and gaue vs to vnderstand that they came from the great gulfe and that Tiennot was their Captaine who then was vpon that Cape making signes vnto vs that they were going home to their Countreys whence we were come with our ships and that they were laden with Fish We named the sayd Cape Cape Tiennot From the said Cape all the land trendeth Eastsoutheast and Westnorthwest All these lands lie low very pleasant enuironed with sand where the sea is entermingled with marishes and shallowes the space of twentie leagues then doth the land begin to trend from West to Eastnortheast altogether enuironed with Islands two or three leagues from land in which as farre as we could see are many dangerous shelues more then foure or fiue leagues from land How that vpon the ninth of August wee entred within White Sands and vpon the fift of September we came to the port of S. Malo FRom the sayd Wednesday vntill Saturday following we had a great wind from the Southwest which caused vs to run Eastnortheast on which day we came to the Easterly partes of Newfouâ—dland between the Granges and the Double Cape There began great stormie winds comming froÌ„ the East with great rage wherfore we coasted the Cape Northnorthwest to search the Northerne part which is as we haue sayd all enuironed with Islands and being neere the said Islands and land the wind â—urned into the South which brought vs within the sayd gulfe so that the next day being the 9 of August we by the grace of God entred within the White Sands And this is so much as we haue discouered After that vpon the 15 of August being the feast of the Assumption of our Lady after that we had heard seruice we altogether departed from the porte of White Sands and with a happy and prosperous weather we came into the middle of the sea that is between Newfound land and Britanie in which place we were tost and â—urmoyled three dayes long with great stormes and windy tempests comming from the East which with the ayde and assistance of God we suffred then had we faire weather and vpon the fift of September in the sayd yere we came to the port of S. Malo whence we departed The language that is spoken in the Land newly discouered called New France God the Sunne Isnez the Heauen camet the Day the Night aiagla Water amâ— Sand estogaz a Saylâ— aganie the Heaâ— agonaze the Throate conguedo the Nose hehonguesto the Teeth hesangue the Nayles agetascu the Feete ochedasco the Legs anondasco a dead man amocdaza a Skinne aionasca that Man yca a Harchet asogne a Cod fish gadagoursere good to be eateâ— guesande Flesh Almonds anougaza Figâ— asconda Gold benyosco the priuie members assegnega an Arrow cacta a greene Tree haueda an earthen dish vndaâ—o a Bow Brasse aignetaze the Brow ansce a Feather yco the Moone casmogan the Earth conda the Wind canut the Raine onnoscon Bread cacacomy the Sea amet a Ship casaomy a Man vndo the Haires hoc hosco the Eyes â—gata the Mouth hechâ— the Eares hontasco the Armes ageseu a Woman enraseseo a sicke Man alonedeche Shooes atta a skinne to couer a mans priuy meÌ„bers ouscozon vondico red cloth cahoneta a Knife agoheda a Mackrell agedoneta Nuttes caheya Apples honesta Beanes sahe a Sword achesco A shorte and briefe narration of the Nauigation made by the commandement of the King of France to the Islands of Canada Hochelaga Saguenay and diuers others which now are called New France with the particular customes and maners of the inhabitants therein Chap. 1. IN the yeere of our Lord 1535 vpon Whitsunday being the 16 of May by the commandement of our Captaine Iames Cartier and with a common accord in the Cathedrall Church of S. Malo we deuoutly each one confessed our selues and receiued the Sacrament and all entring into the Quier of the sayd Church wee presented our selues before the Reuerend Father in Christ the Lord Bishop of S. Malo who blessed vs all being in his Bishops roabes The Wednesday following being the 19 of May there arose a good gale of wind and therefore we hoysed sayle with three ships that is to say tâ—e great Hermina being in burden about a hundreth or a hundreth and twâ—nty tunne wherin the foresaid Captaine Iames Cartier was Generall and master Thomas Frosmont chiefe Master accompanied with master Claudius de Pont Briand sonne to the Lorde of Montâ—euell and Cup-bearer to the Dolphin of France Charles of Pomeraies Iohn Powler and other Gentlemen In the second ship called the little Hermina being of three score tunne burden were Captaines vnder the sayd Cartier Mace Salobert and master William Marie In the third ship called the Hermerillon being of forty tunne iu burden were Captains M. William Britton anâ— M. Iames Maingare So we sayled with a good and prosperous wind vntill the 20 of the said moneth at which time the weather turned into stormes and tempests the which with contrary winds and darkenesse endured so long that our ships being without any rest suffered as much as any ships that euer went on seas so that the 25 of Iune by reason of that foule and foggie weather all our ships lost sight one of another againe till wee came to Newfound land where we had appointed to meete After we had lost one another wee in the Generals ship were with contrary windes tost to and fro on the sea vntill the seuenth of Iuly vpon which day we arriued in Newefound land and came to the Island called The Island of Birds which lyeth from the maine land 14 leagues
This Island is so full of birds that all our ships might easily haue bene fraighted with them yet for the great number that there is it would not seeme that any were taken away We to victuall our selues filled two boats of them This Island hath the Pole eleuated 49 degrees and 40 minutes Upon the eight of the sayd moneth we sailed further with a prosperous weather came to the Port called The Port of white sands that is in the Bay called The Bay of Castelâ— where we had purposed to meete stay together the 15 of the said moneth In this place theâ—efore we looked for our fellowes that is to say the other two ships till the 26 of the moneth on which day both came together So soone as our fellowes were come we set our ships in a readines taking in both water wood other necessaries And then on the 29 of the sayd moneth early in the morning we hoised saile to passe on further sayling along the Northerne coast that runneth Northeast and Southwest til two houres after Sun-set or thereabouts then we crossed along two Islands which doe stretch further foorth then the others which we called S. Williams Islands being distant about 20 leagues or more from the Port of Brest All the coast from the Castels to that place lieth East West Northeast Southwest hauing betweene it sundry little Islands altogether barren and full of stones without either earth or trees except certain valleyâ— only The next day being the 30 of Iuly we sailed on Westward to find out other Islands which as yet we had not found 12 leagues and a halfe among which there is a great Bay toward the North all full of Islands and great creekes where many good harboroughs seeme to be them we named S. Marthas Islands from which about a league and a halfe further into the sea there is a dangerous shallow wherein are fiue rockes which lie from Saint Marthas Islands about seuen leagues as you passe into the sayd Islands on the East on the West side to which we came the sayd day an houre after noone from that houre vntill midnight we sailed about fifteene leagues â—thwart a cape of the lower Islands which we named S. Germans Islands Southeastward from which place about three leagues there is a very dangerous shallow Likewise betweene S. Germans cape and Saint Marthas about two leagues from the sayd Islands there lyeth a banke of sand vpon which banke the water is but foure fadome deepe and therefore seeing the danger of the coast we strucke saile and went no further that night The next day being the last of Iuly we went all along the coast that runneth East and West and somewhat Southeasterly which is all enuironed about with Islands and drie sands and in trueth is very dangerous The length from S. Germans Cape to the said Islands is about 17 leagues and a halfe at the end of which there is a goodly plot of ground full of huge and high trees albeit the rest of the coast be compassed about with sands without any signe or shew of harboroughs till we came to Cape Thiennot which treÌ„deth Northwest about seuen leagues from the foresaid Islands which Cape Thiennot we noted in our former voyage and therefore we sailed on all that night West and Westnorthwest till it was day and then the wind turned against vs wherefore we went to seeke a hauen wherein we might harbour our ships and by good hap found one fit for our purpose about seuen leagues and a halfe beyond Cape Thiennot that we named S. Nicholas Hauen it lieth amidst 4 Islands that stretch into the sea Upon the neerest wee for a token set vp a woodden crosse But note by the way that this crosse must be brought Northeast then bending toward it leaue it on the left hand and you shall find sixe fadome water and within the hauen foure Also you are to take heede of two shelues that leane outward halfe a league All this coast is full of shoulds and very dangerous albeâ—t in sight many good hauens seeme to be there yet is there nought else but shelues and sands We staied and rested our selues in the sayd hauen vntill the seuenth of August being Sonday on which day we hoysed sayle and came toward land on the South side toward Cape Rabast distaâ—t from the sayd hauen about twentie leagues Northnortheast and Southsouthwest but the next day there rose a stormie and a contrary winde and because we could find no hauen there toward the South thence we went coasting along toward the North beyond the aboue sayd hauen about ten leagues where we found a goodly great gulfe full of Islands passages and entrances toward what wind so euer you please to bend for the knowledge of this gulfe there is a great Island that is like to a Cape of lande stretching somewhat further foorth than the others and about two leagues within the land there is an hill fashioned as it were an heape of corne We named the sayd gulfe Saint Laurence his bay The twelfth of the sayd moneth wee went from the sayd Saint Laurence his Bay or gulfe sayling Westward and discouered a Cape of land toward the South that runneth West and by South distant from the sayd Saint Laurence his Bay about fiue and twenty leagues And of the two wilde men which wee tooke in our former voyage it was tolde vs that this was part of the Southerne coaste that there was an Island on the Southerly parte of which is the way to goe from Honguedo where the yeere before we had taken them to Canada and that two dayes iourney from the sayd Cape and Island began the Kingdome of Saguenay on the North shore extending toward Canada and about three leagues athwart the sayd Cape there is aboue a hundreth fadome water Moreouer I beleeue that there were neuer so many Whâ—les seen as wee saw that day about the sayd Cape The next day after being our Ladie day of August the fifteenth of the moneth hauing passed the Straight we had notice of certaine lands that wee left toward the South which landes are full very great and high hilles and this Cape wee named The Island of the Assumption and one Cape of the said high countreys lyeth Eastnortheast and Westsouthwest the distance betweene which is about fiue and twenty leagues The Countreys lying North may plainely be perceiued to be higher then the Southerly more then thirty leagues in length We trended the sayd landes about toward the South from the sayd day vntill Tewesday noone following the winde came West and therefore wee bended toward the North purposing to goe and see the land that we before had spâ—ed Being arriued there we found the sayd landes as it were ioyned together and low toward the Sea And the Northerly mountaines that are vpon the sayd low lands stretch East and West and