Dartmouth standeth a white Spire Steeple called Fackman which is a very good Mark to know Dartmouth by The Start lyeth from Dartmouth South-west Start about three or four leagues Under the Point of the Start at the East side is a good Road for westerly Winds betwixt the Point and a Church that standeth on the High-Land in ten or eleven fathom so that the Point lyeth South-west from you A little to the eastward of the westermost Point of the Start lyeth a Haven called Salcomb Salcomb when you come from the West it sheweth it self open the West side of it is ragged and the East side is sloping down Close to the West Point lyeth a range of Rocks therefore you must give it a good Birth and leave the Rocks on the Larboard-side further you may see all Breaks that may do you hurt being within you need not fear either of the Shoals Upon the Bar or Shoals of the entry remaineth at low-water and Spring-tydes not less than eleven foot but within it is at least three fathom To sayl into Plymouth Seven leagues to the westward of the Start lyeth Plymouth-Sound Plymouth at the eastermost East Point of the Sound lyeth a high round Rock called Mawstone Mawstone Between it and Ram-head lyeth the said Sound N.N.E. it being round and deep A little to the northward of Ram-head is a fair Sand-bay where you may anchor close under the Land in nine or ten fathom Two leagues South a little easterly from Ram-head Eddy-stone lyeth a Rock above water called Eddy-stone The Point of Plymouth lyeth from Eddy-stone North by East and N.N.E. distant about four leagues In the Sound by the Land of Plymouth lyeth a little Island called Sir Francis Drakes Island which is fast to the West side with a Riff or Range of Rocks under-water so that you must sayl alongst to the eastwards of it whether you are bound unto Cat-water or into Hamose which is the West Harbour To sayl into Cat-Water If you will go into Cat-water Cat-water then run in betwixt the Island and the Point on the East side in with the Land of Plymouth until you see Cat-water open on the Starboard of you go then into the Eastwards betwixt the Point of Plymouth and the Point on the Starboard-side leaving most part of the Channel on the Starboard-side until you come within the Point and anchor there right against the high steep Northern Land there is at low-water with extraordinary Tydes four and five fathom When you sayl into Cat-water you must take heed by giving a good birth to the southern Point of the entry for there lie off the foresaid Point a Ledge of Rocks under-water about 2 Cables length off from the Land Upon the Point of the Ledge lyeth a Buoy where is at half-flood about twelve foot water which Buoy you must leave on your Starboard-side going in and when you have Cat-water altogether open you may run in to the eastwards leaving in the entry of the Harbour two thirds of the Channel on the Starboard-side as before is said because the South Shore is somewhat flat off there leaving a sandy Bank which reacheth to the second Point of the South Shore of Cat-water A little to the eastward of Drakes Island lyeth a Rock under water upon which is at low-water not deeper than two fathom For to sayl within the Land you may go to the eastward or westward of the Rock according as occasion shall serve If you will sayl unto Hamose to the westward of the Rocks Hamose then take the sounding of the Land in four or five fathom at low-water and run so by it until that Fishers-Village lying to the northwards a little within the Land come in the West side of the Valley on the North Shore then are you to run through between the Island and the Rock and to the westward of the Rock upon the Land of Plymouth within the Island standeth a Wall or Hedge when you see it end-wayes and the Chappel of the aforesaid Village cometh to the North side of the Valley and Cat-water cometh open then do you run over the Rock between the Island and the Main then may you anchor in 12 and 13 fathom If you sayl into Hamose you must run between the Island and the Land of Plymouth and then run in the midst of the Channel between the two Lands until the Entry of Hamose be open then run into the northwards as the Channel leadeth until you come in about the West Point and anchor there in 16 15 and 12 fathom in the Narrow is 15 16 17 and 20 fathom between the Island and the Main 8 9 and 10 or 12 fathom From Ram-head West by South five leagues lyeth Foy and betwixt them on the Coast lyeth a little Island a little to the eastward of Talland-Point thwart of West-Loee called Loee-Island you may anchor to the eastward of the Island in 5 or 6 fathom To sayl into Foy. Foy is a broad Haven where a Ship may go in at half-flood at the East side of the Haven standeth a little Church with a Steeple and on the West side a great white Church with a square Steeple To sayl into Foy you must have at least half-flood and run in amidst the Channel betwixt the two Points and being come within them chuse which side you will but the most water is by the West-Land between the Stakes and the Square Steeple being come within the Stakes as you come in by the Land then bear somewhat off presently from the West Shore almost into the middle of the Channel nearest to the West shore until you come before the Village that lyeth on the West side where is a deep Dock in which Ships that draw 16 foot may lie afloat at low-water in the said Dock may four Ships lie If when you come by the East-Land you desire to be in the aforesaid Dock or Pool then sayl in until you come within the Stakes and then edge over off from the East-Land until you come nearest the West-Land for to avoid a Flat which lyeth by the East Shore alongst the Haven which beginneth against the first House of the West Village If it should happen that you could not lead it in with a Sayl then let fall your Anchor without the Stakes and warp in with Hausers until you come unto the aforesaid Pool You may also sayl so far in that you may see a Wall on the West side of the Haven where lyeth a Village behind it a Ships length to the southward of that Wall it is good lying by the east-East-Land being moored by four Cables there a Ship may ride afloat that draweth sixteen foot water You may also sayl further in along by that Swatch that lyeth on the West side where in the Mill standeth but come not too near the North Point of the Swatch for by it lyeth a Rock under-water being past that you may moor your Ship
St. Nicholas-Sand and Scrobe you have but 4 5 and 6 fathoms three or four miles off To go without the Holm-head keep the Knock-Beacons one in the other Also upon the Ebb if occasion serves you may borrow into four fathom of the North end of the Newcomb or you may go off in 11 or 12 fathom as you please coming from the northwards you must go no nearer the Cockle than five or six fathom but on the shore you may borrow in four fathom Scroby E. N. E. from the Town of Yarmouth two miles from the shore is a Sand called the Scroby lying North and South in the Sea being in length almost two miles this Sand is steep too having on the out-side ten and eleven fathom in the middle of the Channel you will have twenty fathom between it and the New-warp the South end of this Sand lyeth half a mile from the end of the Knowls and the North end almost the same distance from the Knock. New-warp South-east by East five leagues and a half from Winterton-ness lyeth a Sand called New-warp being in length two mile and a half and lyeth in the Sea East and West on it at low-water there is but two fathom without it you will have ten and twelve 〈◊〉 between it and the Hâ—lms five and six fathom but near the Holms ten fathom The Overfalls East from Yarmouth about nine miles lyeth the South end of the Overfalls extending it self to the northwards more than five miles in length but in breadth not considerable This Bank is dangerous because it is very shoal on the East side of it you will have 5 fathom and even ground but being about two miles distant you will have 20 and 24 fathom Bounses The Bounses is a Sand which lyeth North-east a little northerly from Winterton-ness about five miles and a half being round Sand whereon there is three fathom at low-water within it you have 16 and 17 fathom but without it 8 12 and 16 fathom it beareth from New-warp North by West a little westerly about a mile Haseborrough-Sand This Sand lyeth from Haseborrough North-East by East about six miles and a half and lyeth in the Sea North-west and South-east being in length two miles and a half the South-east end lyeth from Winterton-ness North and West a little westerly nine miles and a half between it and the shore you have twelve and thirteen fathom water but on it three and four fathom The Owery The Owery is a Sand which beareth from Winterton-ness North-east almost seven leagues distant it lyeth in the Sea North-west and South-east being in length about four miles and in breadth a mile and half it lyeth from the Limber East by North distant 3 leagues and a half between which you will have 17 18 and 19 fathom The Limber The Limber is a Sand which beareth from Winterton-ness North by East half easterly and from Haseborrough E. N. E. distant from either of them about four leagues and from New-warp North two leagues between which you will have seventeen and eighteen fathom water it lyeth in the Sea North-west and South-east in length four miles and in breadth a mile and half on the South end there is but two fathom but on the North-west end six fathom at low-water Blackney-Sand This Sand lyeth before Blackney being distant about five miles on the inner side you will have four fathom water and without 4 5 and 6 fathom Pole and Piper The Pole and Piper is a Shoal that lyeth between Blackney and 〈…〉 to the 〈◊〉 The Beacons that you sayl by 〈◊〉 by the Piâ—â—â— at the West end whereof goeth in the Channel of 〈◊〉 Burnham Flats Between Wâ—lls and Burnham there lyeth the great Flat called Burnham-Flats a league distant from the there which at low-water lyeth dry in divers places At high-water you may well go over it The ground on the North side goeth up flat and plain Or the South side it is very steep as soon as you are over 〈◊〉 shoalest you shall get suddenly deep water and good sandy ground within it is good riding for easterly winds The Sonk The Sonk is a Sand which is nigh the South end of Burnham-flats and lyeth to the norward of chappel-Chappel-land and is dry at low-water you may sayl about it on both sides Dousings The Dousings is a Sand which lyeth on the North side of Burnham-flats it beareth from Wells North half westerly 21 miles the South side is steep too where you will have nineteen fathom not far from it and on the North side nine and ten fathom Inner-Dousings This Sand lyeth from St. Edmonds North-west by North thirteen miles and from Skegness N. N. E. ten miles Dogs-Head Dogs-head is a small Sand which lyeth on the North side of Wilgriph about a mile from the shore Boston-Knock Is a Sand which lyeth off the Point of Legerness which falleth dry at low-water between it and the Land there is but two fathom but it floweth thereabout five fathom up and down When Legerness bears W. N. W. from you then go on South-west through between the Knock and a Shoal which shooteth off from the westward of Legerness until you can get again the depth of six or seven fathom Long-Sand The body of this Sand lyeth against Legerness distant about three miles being without the Point of the Ness you may run through between Boston-Knock and it when the Trees in the Point come a hand-spikes length to the eastward of Legerness then go on Southwest and you may run right into the Deep between Boston-Knock and Long-Sand between the Knock and the Point of the Long-sand you will have five fathom being past the Knock you will have eight nine and ten fathom deep A Description of the Sands Shoals Buoys Beacons and Sea-Marks vvithin the HUMBER Rose THE Rose is a Sand which lyeth before Salt-fleet being a round Sand and is two miles from the shore Riff The Riff is a Shoal which joyneth to the shoar between Sand-hall and Clay-ness and stretcheth it self N. E. by East almost six miles into the Sea the Point whereof lyeth from the Sporn South-east by South four miles and from the Buoy of the Bull East by South four miles Bull. The Bull is a Sand which lyeth almost in the middle of the Channel on the North-east side whereof lyeth a Buoy which lyeth from the Sporn South-east half southerly three miles and a half the Buoy lyeth in seven or eight fathom water The thwart Mark of the said Buoy is a House upon the West end of the Cliff of Clay-ness and from thence to Grimsbey-Road and anchor a little below the Beacon Stone Banks These are several small Banks which lie East from the Sporn-head If from the Point of Kelsey you steer South by East until the Point of the Sporn be West half northerly then are you clear of them Borcom Borcom is a Sand which lyeth off Stanningborrough about a mile from the shore on the North side hereof
Schieringhalls is a Sand that lyeth along by the Fly-land there being a Channel between them but not navigable on the N. E. side standeth five Beacons and on the East point thereof which is four mile and a half S.S.E. half easterly from the Fly-land lyeth a Buoy about three Cables length S. E. from which lyeth another on the side of this Sand which lyeth South standeth six Beacons it being five miles in length then it runneth S. W. by West 4 miles from thence N. W. by West 6 mile from whence it goeth N. W. being concave four mile which Point is called the Pan from which it runneth by the aforesaid Fly land to the first Beacon which course is E.N.E. almost 4 leagues the said Point or Pau lyeth from the West end of Eyerland S.S.E. a great mile Bree-Sand Bree-sand is separated from Schieringhals with a small Channel from the Buoy on the tayl of the foresaid Sand to Claes-Owens Beacon the course is S. S. E. distant four miles and a half between which you will have 40 and 48 fathom from which to a Beacon that stands on the Hook of this Sand the course is S. S. E. a mile from which Beacon to the tayl of the Sand the course is South three great leagues in which space on the edge of the Sand there standeth four Beacons from which tayl it runneth N. E. by East about two leagues rounding about until it run North which will bring you to a Buoy on the N. W. corner not above half a mile from the South Point of the Shieringhals Langer-Sand Langer-sand hath on the North side of the Head of it three Buoys which lie one from the other S. E. by South and N. W. by West This Sand lyeth within the Island Grind and the N. E. side of Bree-sand the East side is distant from Harling half a mile Hendrick-Traerts Plat. Hendrick-Traerts Plat is a Shoal which lyeth off from the Island Grind having a Buoy at the South Point of it being distant not above two Cables length from Langer-sand the East Point hereof runneth from the Island about 2 mile being distant from Harling N. E. by North a mile and half Schorre-Ground Schorre-ground lyoth without between the Schelling and fly-Fly-land and falleth dry at low-water on either side of it you have 30 40 and 60 fathom within it on the North end of the Fly-land lyeth another dry Plat which extendeth it self from the Shore about two mile between this and the foresaid Plat Westerbâ—ems-Gat goeth the Westerbooms-Gat to the southward of those are two other Plats but there is Buoys and Marks to direct you clear of them all The Abdt. The Abdt is a Sand which lyeth within the Schelling there is a Channel but not navigable it is two mile distant from the Land and about a mile from the Grind. Camper-Sand Camper-sand lyeth between the Schelling and Ameland distant from Friesland about a mile which falleth almost all dry at low-water between it and the Horse goeth a Channel called Cromme Born-Riff Born-Riff is a Sand which lyeth without Camper-sand between which goeth the Channel called Ameland-Gat Ameland-Gat where there are Buoys to carry you through The Watt. The Watt is a Sand which lyeth on the South side of Rottum Wester-Emes on the East side thereof goeth up the Weser-Emes in which Channel there lyeth a little Sand called Hubers-Plaet at the tayl whereof lyeth a Buoy on the South side stand four Beacons from the westermost Beacon you may direct your course West and sayl into the Channel which goeth up to Eastmerhorn Ruyt-Sand From the going in of the Wester-Emes all alongst the Coast of Grâ—eninger-land there lyeth a Flat a great league from the Shore on the East side viz. in the Wester-Emes there lyeth many Buoys and Beacons against the second Buoy above Hubers-Plant lyeth the point of a Sand where a Swatch goeth in on each side which Sand is called Ruyt-sand on whose Point standeth a Beacon Ransel Ransel is a Shoal which lyeth on the South side of Borcom and runneth S. E. five miles on the S. E. end of it standeth four Beacons the Western and Eastern-Emes go upon each side of it at the Point of Borcom lyeth two small Sands the one called Brewers-Plaet whereon standeth a Buoy the other the back of Hogebeern whereon standeth a Beacon near the S. E. end on the said side lyeth another small Sand called Cornix-Plaet where there is a Buoy to direct you clear of it On the West side of the said Island of Borcom runneth off a Shoal West three leagues and a half Borcom-Riff and the outmost end whereof you have four and five fathom on the South side of the Point hereof lyeth a little Sand called Geltsack between which at your first entrance you will have five fathom and at the going in of the Wester-Emes eight fathom Scuyt-Sand Scuyt-sand is a Shoal which lyeth on the Coast of Emderland from Greitzyl unto Betroen on the North side hereof standeth four Beacons Leysand Leysand beginneth at Groetzyl and runneth alongst the said Coast of Emderland until you come to Westerbreeck on the eastermost Beacon which standeth on Scuyt-sand there runneth in a small Channel which runneth down to Norden on the North side thereof at the entrance standeth also four Beacons to direct you through Bandt Bandt is a Flat which joyneth to Juyst and runneth as far as the little Island Bursen and runneth along by the Easter-Emes South two leagues on which side there are many Swatches at the South-west corner of it there is a small Island whereon standeth two Beacons to direct you through from the Easter to the Wester-Emes On the South side of this Sand standeth also four Beacons to direct you through a Channel which goeth between Lâ—ysand and it from the North-west side of the Island Juyst runneth off a Riff called Juyster-Riff three leagues West into the Sea Juyster-Riff whereon you have three fathom at the end hereof is the entrance in of the Emes Watt. The Watt is a Shoal which beginneth at the Voer and endeth at Westerbreeck joyning every where to the Shore wherein are many Swatches without which there are Shoals belonging to every Island viz. Norderny Baltrum Langerâ—â—gh Spikerâ—â—gh and Wrangerâ—ogh where are Channels going in between every one of them and also a Channel between the Watt and them on the in-side of Wrangeroog on the side of its Shoal standeth eight Beacons called the Beacons of Wadt and also on the North-west side lyeth two Buoys likewise On the East side of the said Watt standeth six Beacons to direct you up Stonebalg The Old-Doge The Old-Ooge is a Sand which lyeth on the East side of Watt distant a mile and half by the North Point hereof runneth up the Channel called the Weser Rode-Sand Rode-sand lyeth North-east from Wrangeroog almost two leagues it lyeth in the Sea North-west by West and South-east by East in length four miles and a half on
South end lyeth further from Land than the North end there is not above six or seven foot water upon it at low-water Coming from the northward men most commonly sayl to the westward of it that is through between the Land and the Whiting towards the Naze men may also sayl along to the eastward of it through between the Whiting and the eastermost points of Bawdsey-sand the North end of the Whiting lyeth near the Snore and lyeth from the Steeple of Orfordness South-west by South it is so exceeding steep and sharp that at one cast you have nine fathom and the next but five and then you are but a Ships length from it and before you can heave the Lead again you shall be upon it when you sit with the Fore-ship against it you have five or six fathom at Stern Alongst the inward side it is also every where so steep that you cannot sound it but on the out-side you may run alongst by it in five fathom till you come within the Sands When you come from the northwards and will sayl through within the Whiting you must run close alongst by the Shore and South-west about by the Point of the Shingle to the southward of Alborough until you come within the North Point of the Whiting When the Steeples of Orfordness come to the North-west by North from you then you are right thwart of the North Point of the Whiting being within it go again more southerly viz. South-west by South towards Barzey-Cliff To run in to the castward of the Whiting Bring the Steeple of Bawdsey W. S. W. from you and so sayl in right with it until you come by the Whiting in five or six fathom and lead it in so by it upon the Lead until you come by Bawdsey or can get deeper water When you come near Bawdsey whether you come in from the northward or southward of the Whiting you must keep somewhat off from the Shore because of a small tayl that shooteth off from the Shore thwart of Bawdsey-Cliff which you must avoid with Ships of great draught for there remaineth upon it at low water no more than two fathom you may perceive it well by the ripling of the Tyde most commonly Directions from the Buoy of the Buxey down to the Kings-Channel and from thence to the Northwards When you are at the North end of the Gunfleet or thwart of the Buoys in ten or twelve fathom if you be bound to Sea for Norway East-land Hambrough Holland c. Steer out North-east by East and E.N.E. until you come to twenty fathom water then you are clear of all and direct your course to the place you are bound But if you are bound for the North Coast of England and would hale in for Yarmouth Road then from the Buoy of the Buxey steer North-east by East until you have brought Bawdsey-Cliff to bear from you North west by West then you may borrow upon the Shipwash in ten or eleven fathom or steer away North East by North and North-east until you come to bring Alborough-Church to bear from you N. W. then bear in with it N. N. W. till you come to nine or ten fathom upon the Shore and that will bring you within the Sand called Alborough-Knapes on which there is ten or eleven foot water at low-water but there is seventeen or eighteen fathom between that and the Shore Marks of Alborough Knapes The thwart Marks for the South end of it is Alborough-Church W.N.W. for the North end of it the same Church W. S. W. The longst mark for it is Orford-Church and Castle one in another going right upon it but keeping them open a great Sayls breadth one off another on each side carrieth you clear either without or within the Sand. From the Sonk to the Long-Sand and so to the North-Foreland When the Naze-sand doth bear North-west by West you may hale up East and East by South and E.S.E. being careful to keep the Lead and to look out for the Ripling of the Sand and bear off and on from it in seven or eight fathom and being below that in eleven fathom then if you have a Neap-tyde you may steer for the Long-sand-head but with a Flood and an East wind or northerly wind you must steer E. S. E. or South-east till you come to fourteen or fifteen fathom durty owsey Ground then steer S. S. E. for a good distance for you have Pits of twenty fathom and fourteen or fifteen fathom but having a continuing depthing of 18 19 20 or 21 fathom and stony ground then you may assure your self that you are without the Long-sand and may steer S. S. W. with the Foreland and South-west by South To sayl alongst the Coast by Alborough Dunwich and Covehith The Coast lyeth North by East somewhat easterly and South by West somewhat westerly from Covehith to Leystaff North and South two leagues Between Dunwich and Covehith lyeth the Haven of Southwold Southwold which is a small Creek and a little within it divideth it self into three parts upon the northermost Arm lyeth Southwold upon the middlemost Walderswick and upon the southermost Dunwich Dunwich Covehith Covehith hath a high sharp Steeple thwart of this Steeple lyeth a Bank not far from the Land which falleth almost dry at low-water but at half flood you may sayl through between the Land and it in two fathom upon the outer-side it is very steep so that you cannot come nearer it than in nine or ten fathom When the Steeple of Covehith is W.N.W. from you then you are to the southward of the Bank and when the Steeple of Covehith is South-West by West from you then you are to the northward of it two leagues To the northward of Covehith lyeth Leystaff Leystaff and two leagues to the northward of that lyeth Yarmouth the Steeple is a high sharp Steeple and standeth a great Musquet-shot within the Land from the Houses so that in sayling alongst you may bring the Steeple on both sides of the Houses Off from Leystaff beginneth the Bank called the Holms of Yarmouth and lyeth along to the northward Holms past Yarmouth until you come thwart of Winterton Winterton there goeth divers Channels through them which you may sayl through upon divers Marks for those that are there acquainted you may sayl within these Banks off from Leystaff until you are past Winterton To sayl within the Banks of Yarmouth If you will sayl through from before Leystaff within these Banks then look out for the Light-houses which stand by Leystaff which are two little white Houses the one standeth beneath upon the Shingles on the Sea-side and the innermost upon a little Hommock somewhat farther within the Land when you come to the southward then they shew themselves to the northward of the Town but come at last thwart of it In the night there is alwayes fire on them A Chart of the North Coast of England from
five or six fathom he that will sayl into Bornham must go in at high-water and bring the Steeple against the Block-house and so sayl in by the Beacons leaving them on the Larboard-side These are all the Tyde-Havens Bornham From Bornham to chappel-Chappel-Land the course is W.S.W. two leagues to the northward of it lyeth the Sonk which is a Sand that is dry at low-water you may sayl about it on both sides of the Sonk to Lin. To sayl to the eastern Channel of Lin. To sayl in here You must go to the eastward of the Sonk and bring that Wood over the Point of chappel-Chappel-Land East from you then go in S. S. W. and by little and little more easterly until you come about the Point there the Buoys and Beacons shall shew the way When you come about the Point you may run through the Sand into the northward Channel and sayl out again by the same into the Sea by the Buoys and Marks thereof This northward Channel lyeth North-east and North-east by North and is very well Buoy'd and Beacon'd You may also sayl into the westward of the Sonk South by East alongst by it and so run into the first Buoy from thence alongst by the Beacons into Lin before the Town when you come from the eastward you may run through within the Sonk alongst by the chappel-Chappel-Land South by West into the aforesaid Buoy To sayl from Cromer to Blakney into Boston-Deep To sayl from Cromer or Blakney into Boston-deep You must go West by North till you come by the Land between Wells and Bornham right against which lyeth a Bank called Burnham-flats North into the Sea a league Burnhamslats which at low-water lyeth dry in divers places you may run the aforesaid course when you are by Cromer or Blackney a little without the Land and may go to the northward of this Bank at high-water you may well go over it The ground on the North side goeth up slat and plain run boldly to it without fear until you come into three or four fathom so that he which useth his Lead can take no hurt by it but on the inner-side that is on the South-side it is very steep and as soon as you are over the shoalest you shall suddenly get deep water and good sandy ground within it is good riding for easterly winds To sayl to Boston-deep within Boston-Knock First You must keep the Sounding of the Shore in four or five fathom till the Point of Legerness be N. N. W. from you between the Shore and the Knock in the midst of the Channel it is five fathom but is dry at low-water when Legerness is W. N. W. from you then go on South-west through between the Knock and the Shoal which shooteth off from the westward of Legerness until you get again the depth of six or seven fathom In this going over there is but two fathom at low-water but it floweth there about five fathom up and down being over it go on South-west alongst between the Long-sand and the Shoal which lyeth off from the Shore it is between 9 and 10 fathom deep you may sound on both sides as well the Shoal that lyeth off from the Land as the Long-sand in five fathom but the Flats are somewhat steeper then the Long-sand To sayl without Boston-Knock into Boston-Deep To sayl without Boston-Knock in Boston-Deep coming as aforesaid to the West-Land you must look out for the Steeple of Ingold-Mills standing somewhat to the northward of Legerness bring them one in the other and then they shall bear about N. N. W. from you keep them one in the other and go on S. S. E. until the Trees of the Point be West of Legerness Come without the Point of the Ness and then you may run through between Boston-Knock when the aforesaid Trees come a hand-spikes length to the eastward of the Point of Legerness then go on South-west and you may run right into the deep between Boston-Knock and Long-sand and so you shall find between the Knock and the Point of Long-sand five fathom being past the Knock it will be 8 9 or 10 fathom deep Other directions for Boston-Deep If you will sayl out of the Sea into Boston-deep Then bring the aforesaid Trees a hand-spikes length without the Point at Legerness which shall then bear from you about N. N. W. sayling right with them until the high-land within Legernesi or Winfleet being to come even without the Ness which shall then bear from you somewhat more northerly than West then you are within the Point of the Long-sand or else there stands three little Houses on the Sea-side about half-wayes between Legerness and Ingold-Mills when they come to be North-west from you and the aforesaid Trees without the Point then you are also within the Point of Long-sand go on then South-west between Boston-Knock and Long-sand as aforesaid A little past Legerness lyeth a Shoal or Flat about the midst in the Fair-way but nearest to the Long-sand when the Trees upon the Point to the southward of Winfleet come into the second Valley of the high-land within Winfleet then you are right thwart of this Shoal edge therefore to one side or other rather towards the Shoal it is widest keep boldly the sounding of the Shoal and run South-west alongst by it until the Steeple of Boston come over the Steeple of Butterwyle which is also a flat Steeple but smaller than that of Boston standing in a Wood thwart of it runneth a Shoal somewhat without the Point being past it go W.S.W. all alongst the aforesaid Shoal until the great Steeple of Boston come over the second Mill there is good anchoring by the West Shore in five fathom at low-water but he that cometh at low-water must anchor and stay for his Tyde until half flood for before you cannot sayl further in from thence and you shall not find more than two fathom upon the shoalest place and so the Deep lyeth in along the Beacons about South to the third Beacon being past that W. S. W. and then by little and little more westerly and northerly but run all alongst by the Beacons leaving them on the Starboard-side at least North to the River Upon the Point of the River standeth a Sheep-House before you pass by it seemeth as if there were no opening by reason it is all Green Land and even run in by it all alongst by the Land being past the River doth open it self and being come within the Point you must run in between the Dikes a league until you come before the Town In the River it is half flood before it is every where deep enough when you come a little within the Houses of the Town on the Larboard-side there you must let fall your Anchor and stay until the Water begin to fall then you have Flood enough to drive you to the Key there you must make fast with a Cable it doth not begin to ebb there until the water be
the Cows-Road or reacheth from the Southwest Point of the Red-Cliff on Bully-side to the eastward of Calshot-Castle on the which there is not above three foot at low-water on a Spring-tyde it lyeth two thirds of the Channel from the Island steer from the Cows-Road North-east by North and North-East until you have brought the whole Town of Hampton open to the eastward of Calshot-Castle then luff up or bear right in with Hampton and you shall go over the Tayl of the Brambles into two fathom and a half or three fathom at low-water and steer in so keeping Hampton open until you come within the Castle There is likewise a Channel between the Brambles and the Main for small Ships but there is not above ten foot at low-water The leading Marks to carry you in or out in this Channel is the westermost Wind-mill or Porch-down right between to the red Patches of the Cliff by the Sea-side near Teachfield-Haven but there is divers Patches on the said Cliff so that this Mark may deceive you therefore look out toward the South-West end of the Wight towards Yarmouth there you shall see two Hills made with a Valley between them also to the eastward of Yarmouth you shall see close by the Water-side a black Hill bring that Hill in the Valley between the aforesaid Hills and something on upon the southermost Hill and that Mark kept will lead you through in fourteen foot water at quarter-flood and when you have brought Hampton open of Calshot-Castle then you are to the eastward of the Spit of Owze that lyeth off from the Castle and may bear in as above-said Directions to sayl into Pool A league to the northward of the aforesaid Point lyeth the Haven of Pool For to sayl in there coming about Hand-fast-Point you must go North-west or somewhat more northerly then you may perceive right a-head a high flat Hill which standeth higher than any other Land thereabouts keep that betwixt two Shores and run in right with it but if you turn in then spare not your Lead and run not farther over to the westward than till that flat Hill cometh to the West-Land when it beginneth to touch you must about or else you shall be fast a-ground when you are about run no further to the eastwards than that the aforesaid Hill cometh over to the East Sand-hill Marks to go into Pool which is a high gray sharp Sand-hill lying at the East side If you keep these foresaid Marks in this manner you shall have going in there at half-flood water enough there remaineth in the shoalest ten and eleven foot at low-water but it floweth there no more than five foot up and down it floweth there twice in one Tyde A South-east and North-west Moon maketh there full Sea also a South by East and North by West Moon maketh high-water which come to pass by reason of the Fore-ebb that cometh out of the Wight when you come without the entry go then N. N. E. on and keep the Beacons that stand on the East Land on the Starboard from you and run indifferent close alongst by them the Shores are on both sides steep and the Channel is not wide without the Channel it is shoal or flat This is Pilots Water Directions for Portland and sayling into Weymouth From the West end of the Wight to the Point of Portland the course is W. S. W. eleven leagues but for Donnose West by South thirteen leagues If you will go to anchor under Portland Portland-Road coming from the West come within a Musquet shot about by the Point of Portland and being come about the second Point whereon the Castle standeth edge up to the westward until you come before the Castle and anchor there in 7 8 9 10 or 11 fathom so that the Point of Portland doth lie South by East and S. S. E. from you there you shall lie Land-lockt for a South and South by East Wind with a South west and a S. S. W. Wind you must be very mindful of the terrible ripling of the Race of Portland which beginneth a little to the westward of Portland and endeth a little to the westward of St. Albons The ground in that Race is very uneven and shoal in some places seven in others ten and also fifteen fathom About a league to the northwards of the Road of Portland Weymouth lyeth a Town called Weymouth which hath a Tyde-Haven before it you may anchor in four or five fathom To sayl from Portland to Exmouth From Portland to Exmouth the course is W. N. W. thirteen leagues betwixt them both lyeth a little Island close by the Land Cob-Island before Lime-haven called Cob. Before Exmouth Exmouth men may ride at the South end of the Shindle which lyeth before the Haven in seven or eight fathom so that the Rocks of Tomans-stones do bear South or South by East from you there you will have good Ground and Land-lockt for all winds Five leagues South and South by West from Exmouth lyeth Torbay and lyeth from Portland West and West by South thirteen leagues For to go into Torbay Torbay you must bring the West Point or the Berry South by East or S.S.E. from you and anchor therein seven or eight fathom there you shall lie Land-lockt for a South Wind and South-west Winds At the North-east end of the Bay is also a Tyde-Haven called the Tormain Tormain before it is good Anchor-ground in four or five fathom according as you would lie near or far from the Shore To sayl into Dartmouth Three or four leagues to the westward of Torbay lyeth the Haven of Dartmouth which hath a narrow entry lying in betwixt two High-lands upon each side of the Haven standeth a little Castle on the West side is a Church on the high-High-Land called St. Patricks-Church For to sayl in coming from the Start or from the westward you must run in alongst by the Wester-Land so far to the eastward until you bring the Key of the Village on the East side of the Haven in the midst of the entry of the Haven betwixt the two Lands and you must be very ready with your Boat if any gust of Wind should come from the High-Land for to row in being come in edge over to the West side before the Brew-House and anchor there in ten or eleven fathom or before the Village on the East side where you please At the East side lyeth a sunken Rock A sunken Rock The Marks to avoid it are these steer in with St. Patricks Church and bring not the Village which standeth on the West side of the Harbour without the said Church but keep the outer House of the said Village in the East side of the Chappel and alwayes in sight without the Bullwork on the North side by St. Patricks Church then can you take no hurt of the Rock in the Range by the North Point Betwixt Dartmouth and the Start nearest to
Tydes These are noted in the Draught with the Letter b. The Andrews The Andrews is a narrow Point of small stones that lie out from Landguard Point near half a mile and dryeth at low-water On the South-west side of this Spit lyeth several heaps of small stones that also dry at Spring-tydes but when you have the two Light-houses in one sayling so it directeth you free of them and as you sayl out of Harwich to the northwards when you have brought Bawdsey Steeple open of the Land to the south of Bawdsey then are you clear of the Andrews Oazely-Bay and may sayl towards Oazely-Bay The Altar The Altar is a small Ridge that lyeth N. N. W. and S.S.E. right against Landguard-fort the Channel here at low-water is not more than a Cables length broad on the Fort side is five fathom on the Altar is six foot at low-water a Cables length within the Fort is a Cross Ridge on which at low-water A Cross Ridge is but fifteen foot it lyeth quite cross the Channel then you must sayl along the Beach on the Fort-side to avoid the great Flat called the Guard Guard that lyeth off from Harwich-Town till you bring open Manning-Tree and a high Tree that stands to the southwards of the Hill Point next above Harwich-Town in Manning-Tree-Water then may you anchor where you please in five six or seven fathom Shotley-Point taking care of a long spit of Sand that runs out from Shotley-point cross to Ipswich-Water This shoal is noted in the Draught with the Letter i. The Ridge The Ridge is a small Bank of great stones and lyeth on the South side of you as you sayl in by the Andrews on which is four or five foot at low-water The mark to avoid it is to bring the two Light-houses at Harwich in one and if you shut Harwich Mill in the North end of the Cliff you run right on it if open then you may go clear it lies North-east and South-west and is but narrow and half a mile in length Noted in the Draught with the Letter k. The Rowling-Grounds The Rowling-grounds is the Road where commonly Ships ride being without the Altar and within the Ridge and thwart the Andrews where is at low-water four or five fathom Marks of the Rowling-grounds The Marks for it are to bring the Wind-mill on the North end of Harwich-Cliff and the Beacon on Bawdsey-Cliff over the North-east Point of the Beach that runs from Landguard-Fort to the northwards The Platters The Platters are several Heaps and Banks of small stones that lie between Landguard-Fort and Woodbridge-Haven Woodbridge-Haven they lie close to the shore To avoid them come no nearer than four fathom To the northwards near Woodbridge-Haven A shoal lyeth a small shoal where is but ten foot at low-water To avoid this come no nearer than five fathom off the shore thereabout This Shoal is noted in the Draught with the Letter l. West-Rocks The West-Rocks are a great many Heaps and Banks joyned together having several small Swatches amongst them the ground being of several qualities partly Sand and partly stones both great and small in several places it dries and in most other parts of it but two three four five foot at low water the ground uneven and is of great extent N. E. and S. W. about 3 miles and lyeth N. W. and S. E. near 5 miles There are several shoals that lie within it on the N. W. side that are accounted parts of it and the Cork-Sand that lyeth on the North side of it there being only a smal Swatch of 7 foot water that parts them the S. W. part of this shoal lyeth a mile half from the Buoy of the Gunfleet North by East and N. N. E. you must come no nearer to it then seven or eight fathom on the South side when you are to the southward and against the Body of it then Harwich-Church will be a little nearer to Landguard-Fort than to Harwich-Cliff Marks of the West-Rocks The Cork The Cork is a Sand that lyeth on the North side of the West-Rocks and doth almost joyn to them there being only a small Swatch of seven foot water betwixt them it dries at low-water and lyeth near three miles from Landguard-Fort and South-east by East from the out-part of the Andrews The marks to go clear of it in and out is to bring Harwich-Church on a black Brew-house that stands a little within the Land as is before exprest in the going out of Harwich The Cutler The Cutler is a shoal that lyeth off from the North-East of Bawdsey-Cliff a small mile on which is but six foot at low-water This Sand lies badly if men be not careful of it because the Tyde of Flood or Ebb sets so right upon it that if a Ship cometh aground it is bad getting off the Tyde binding so directly on it you may come in four fathom of it in the Fair-way is five and six fathom it is almost round and very hard ground Longst mark The longst mark to keep clear of it is to bring Harwich-steeple a Sayles breadth open of Felsteed Cliff Thwart mark The thwart mark for it is Bawdsey-steeple on the North end of a thick Wood by the water side then the Steeple bears off you North-west five degrees West This Sand is noted in the Draught with the Letter n. The Middle-Ground The Middle-ground is a Bank that lyeth betwixt Orford-haven and Orford-ness half a mile from the shoar on which at low-water is eighteen foot and between it and the shoar is five and six fathom and lies one third part of the way off to the Whiting-Sand it is about half a mile in length and lyeth along as the shoar lyeth between this and the Whiting is six and seven fathom This is noted in the Draught with the Letter o. The Onion The Onion is a round knowl that lies a third part of a mile to the southwards of Orford-ness just within the stream of it and there is on it at low-water fourteen and fifteen foot Marks there are none but to observe the Tydes This shoal is noted in the Draught with the Letter p. The Sledway The Sledway is a Channel through which all Ships pass that come within the Sands at Orfordness and go up or down the Swin The Marks for it are to bring Bawdsey-steeple open a little to the northward of Bawdsey-Cliff in two or three Trees and then the Church will bear from you N. N. W. and so you must keep those marks together and sayl out S. S. E. in the very best of the Channel which direct you clear of the South-ends of the Sands of Orford-Town and of the Cork and West-Rocks to the northward of them and if you bring Bawdsey-steeple on the North end of Bawdsey-Cliff then it will bear from you North by West and brings you very near the West-Rocks and if you bring Bawdsey-steeple North-west from
Knock-John having a small swatch that runs through betwixt them dividing them into two Sands but is not fit for ships to pass through This Sand dries in several places and is half and three quarters of a mile broad East-Barrows The East-barrows is the North-east part of the whole Barrows-sand and lies down from the North-east end of the West-barrows North-east by East about four miles in two several Sands one at the end of the other the South-west end of them tayling upwards Beatings of this Sand. On the North-west side of the North-east end of the West-barrows is a small swatch passing between them also between the two East-barrows there is a swatch where small Vessels that are acquainted do pass through both these Sands fall dry at low-water and are in length about four miles the South side of these two Sands is steep the North-west more bolder yet something steep The North-east end of these doth bear from the Naze South by East ten miles distant The Channel betwixt this and the Heaps is a mile broad in which you have 7 8 9 and 10 fathom water and in one place a cross Ridge lies thwart the Channel where there is but two and three fathoms West-Barrows The West-Barrows is the South-west part of the whole Barrows-sand there being some Swatches two third parts down to the North-eastwards that divides this Sand which makes it to be called the East and West-Barrows That part which is called the West-Barrows begins at the North-east end of the Mouse and lyeth down North-east and South-west it falls dry in several places at low-water and is steep too on both sides on the South-east side there is seven and eight fathom close to the Sand but on the North-west side you have ten eleven and twelve fathom close to it This Sand is in length six or seven miles and betwixt it and the Shivering-sand you have in the middle nine ten and eleven fathom this Sand dries in several places amongst all these Sands it flows South by East The Mouse The Mouse is a Sand that lyeth from the Body of the Oaze-edge North-east about a mile between them is a Channel where is seven or eight fathom water and lower down to the eastward there is nine or ten fathom A Draught of the SANDS CHANNELS BUOYES BEACONS AND SEA-MARKS upon the Coast of ENGLAND From the Southforeland to Orfordness Discovered by Capt gilbert Crane and Capt Tho Browne elder Bretheren of Trinity House The Sea Coast Survâ—â—ghed by Ionas Moor Esquire Published by the Special License and Aprobation of his Royal Highness the DUKE OF YORK Made and Sold by John Seller Hidrographer to the Kings most Excellent Majesty in Wapping London This Sand is between three and four miles long and half a mile broad being steep too on both sides It lies in length E. N. F. and W. S. W. and joyns to the West-Barrows only a small Swatch runneth betwixt them The North-east end of this Sand bears N. N. W. 〈…〉 two miles and a half from the South-west of the Shivering-sand A Description of the Sands Shoals Rocks and Dangers upon the South Coast of England between Dover and Silly The Vane or Ripraps THE Vane or Ripraps is a Bank that lyeth a little to the southwards of the Heads of Calice and Dever some-what nearer to the French-Coast it is but narrow but in length it is four leagues lying about N. N. E. and S. S. W. and so windeth it self southerly toward the Land of Bulleyn bearing West by South from Calice-Cliff and South by East from Dover The North-eastermost end is the shoalest not having more than nine 10 or 11 foot at low-water On both sides of this Bank as well to the eastwards as the westwards thereof you will have 20 22 23 and 24 fathom water betwixt this Bank and the Land lyeth also two or three Shoals but not very dangerous having three fathom and a half or four fathom at low-water Easterborrough-Head South of Arundel about six or seven miles Easterborrough-Head lyeth a Bank called Easterborrough-head which dryeth at low-water and at Spring-tydes about a furlong being Rocks and Shindles To avoid this danger if you be bound to the southward from Sborum run S. S. W. into the Sea until you get eighteen fathom and then you may steer boldly W. S. W. and that course will lead you without the Owers also close by this Shoal you will have fifteen fathom from this to the Owers it is almost two leagues W. S. W. come no nearer than in twelve or thirteen fathom and that depth will carry you without the Owers A Ledge of Rocks Between Easterborrough and the Owers lyeth a Ledge of Rocks on which there is not above six foot at low-water This Ledge is half a league to the North-west from Easterborrough-head The Owers W. S. W. five leagues from Arundel Owers thirteen leagues West by South somewhat westerly from Beachy about four leagues to the eastwards of the Wight and half a league from the Shore lyeth the Owers being alwayes under water The thwart Mark is when Chichester Spire-steeple is N. N. W. Marks from you then are you thwart the souther side of it For a longst Mark set the Point of Dunness with your Compass it will bear direct West by South half southerly Dunness W.S.W. is right upon them To avoid the danger hereof if you be coming from the eastwards with a northerly wind be sure to keep in 18 fathom water or more also coming from the westward you must come no nearer than East by North keeping your self in the aforesaid depth Many have been deceived coming from Dunness which steered East by North and E. N. E. not regarding that the latter part of the tyde sets into the Isle of Wight which were brought on the Owers unexpectedly If you are acquainted with them you may sayl to the northwards between them and the Land The Black-Rocks From St. Hellens-point Black-Rock being the eastermost Point of the Isle of Wight runneth off a Riff E. N. E. two miles into the Sea called the Black-Rocks when Calver-Cliff is hid behind the North-east Point of the Island then are you within this Riff come no nearer it than in seven or eight fathom The Horse Within the foresaid Riff in the Fair-way Horse between the Island and the Main lyeth a Shoal called the Horse The Marks for it are when South-sea Castle and a square Steeple within the Land are both in one then are you thwart it The Mark to go clear Marks is to keep Portsmouth Castle on the West side of the Wood this Mark will carry you between the Horse and the Main on it at low water you will have but ten foot About it is good shoaling come therefore no nearer it than in five or six fathoms When St. Helens Church bears S.W. by West from you then the South-east end of the Horse bears North-east by North
a Bank whereon is two fathom betwixt the Head of Meyland and the same Bank men may run through in three sathom at half-flood under Calice-Cliff you may anchor in ten fathom but at the West end lyeth a Rock under water a Bow shot from the Land The Cliff The Cliff is the outer or westermost Bank and lyeth from Calice-Cliff N.N.E. about four leagues and a half and hath three fathom and a half water on it betwixt this and the Ruyting goeth a wide deep Channel of 23 and 24 fathom and lyeth in the Sea N. N. E. half easterly and S. S. W. half westerly and is in length almost three miles Ruyting The Ruyting is a Bank which lyeth from Calice-Cliff North-east by North about four leagues where you will have five or six fathom but on the South end is a Ridg of one fathom and a half this Sand lyeth in the Sea N. N. E. and S. S. W. in length almost seven miles when the South end of Winoxberg cometh betwixt the two flat Steeples to the westward of Dunkirk then are you thwart of the Ridg Also there standeth three or four Mills to the eastwards of Dunkirk when the outermost cometh ever the East end of the Town then the Steeple of Dunkirk shall bear from you South-east five leagues this is a good mark for the said Ridge This Saud is very dangerous because it lyeth in the Fair-way Dike The Dike is a Bank that lyeth from Calice-Cliff North-east nine miles the depth of water on it is four and five fathom upon the South and North end of this Bank are Ridges on the southermost is but one fathom and lyeth upon the Marks of Wynoxberge about North-west somewhat westerly from Dunkirk on the northermost there is about four fathom and two foot and lyeth N. W. from the Cloyster Tenduynen it lyeth in the Sea N. N. E. and S. S. W. in length four leagues and a half Rattle The Rattle is a Bank which lyeth from Calice-Cliff North-east by East and hath 3 4 and 5 fathom water on it on the South end is a Ridge where you have but one fathom at low-water at Spring-tydes these Ridges fall dry Between this and the Dike goeth a Channel of twelve fathom to the northward until you are against the Ridge hereof then you will have 9 4 7 and 17 fathom then are you clear of it Betwixt it and Broad-bank goeth a great Channel of 19 and 20 fathom in all the Channels betwixt the said Banks you may turn to windward from one Bank to another and anchor betwixt them where you will this Bank lyeth in the Sea N. N. E. and S. S. W. in length four leagues being about four and three quarters distant from Calice-Cliff Broad-Bank The South end hereof lyeth from Calice-Cliff N. E. by East three leagues three quarters and hath a Ridge on the South end where there is but half a fathom at low-water this Bank lyeth in the Sea North-east and South-west being in length five leagues on the S. W. end you have 5 7 and 8 fathom and on the N.E. end 1 1 and a half 2 2 and a half 3 4 and 5 fathom from the S. side which is convex runneth off a Spit E.N.E. 3 miles whereon is but 1 and a half and 2 fathom the N.E. end lyeth from Newport West by North 4 leagues and a quarter and from the Cloyster of Tenduynen North-west by North three leagues and a half When Graveling is South-East from you then are you thwart of the South end of the foresaid Banks and when Newport is South-east by East then are you thwart of the North end of them Splinter The Splinter is a Bank which runneth off from the wester Head of Dunkirk two leagues long which falleth dry at low-water in many places you may sayl behind this Bank by the shore from the westward almost to the westward Head of Dunkirk and there may anchor in 5 6 7 and 8 fathom about half a league from the westward Head there runneth a Channel through the foresaid Bank where small Ships may pass through at high-water the West end lyeth from Graveling N. N. W. four miles Quade-Bank or Brake The Quade-Bank runneth off to the eastwards of the Head of Dunkirk at least two leagues to the westward ending thwart the Heads of Dunkirk to the eastward of the easter Head you may anchor behind the Bank sheltered for a North-west a North and Northeast Winds you have two fathoms there at low-water but in the coming in it is shoaler before the Havens Mouth of Dunkirk is nine and ten fathom and to the westward of the wester Head 6 7 and 8 fathom from thence men may run over the small Bank in three fathom and come against the Broad-bank North-Cames North-Cames is a Bank which lyeth near the North end of the Brakes and lyeth from Dunkirk N. N. E. about a league being in length two miles whereon you will have but two foot at low-water but on the East side 7 8 and 9 fathom Cames The Cames is a Bank whereon there are many Ridges which have but 2 fathom at low-water you may run through between the Land and this Bank in 8 9 10 fathom and may ride theâ—e for all winds it lyeth from Dunkirk North-east four miles and from the Sâ—â—â—es one mile Brewers-Bank The Brewers-Bank is triangular and lyeth thwart of the Cloyster Tenduynen W. N. W. from the shore about a league in the Sea when the said Cloyster lyeth South from you then are you at the innermost part hereof you may run through between the Land and this Bank in four fathom and low-water but men do run commonly about to the westwards of it when they sayl through within the Banks alongst the Coast of Flanders Small-Bank On Small-bank you have but two three and four fathom at low-water and lyeth without the Cames and Brewers-bank about a mile and half and from the shore a league it lyeth in the Sea North-east by East and South-west by West in length almost two leagues it lyeth from Dunkirk North. Stone-Bank When the Cloyster of Tenduynen beareth from you South-east then are you thwart of the Stone-Bank or the Ridge which is on the middle of it whereon there is but three foot at low-water and sometimes falleth dry at Neap-tydes this Bank lyeth from the shore about five miles and hath on the East side a Hook which lyeth to the eastwards running to nothing almost against Newport on it you have three fathom in the Channel between this and the Small-bank there is 7 8 and 9 fathom between the South-west end of this and the Broad-bank from which it is distant about a mile runneth also a Channel of 6 7 8 9 and 10 fathom Call-Bank Call-bank of some called Small-bank which lyeth alongst by or without the Stone-bank almost a league betwixt them is a Channel of 7 9 and 10 fathom without it you have a Channel of 8 10 12 and 14 fathom
West end of Ameland standeth a Cape and a great thick flat Steeple called the Hoelm the Roof of the Church is broken off but the after-form with the Roof standeth above the side Walls to the eastward of the Church of Hoelm standeth a Mill with a House to the westward of the Mill also a broad flat Tower About the place where Midland-Church was wont to stand lie three or four Sand-hills which are low flat and long toward the East end it is knobby Land with white Sand among it From the East end of Ameland runneth off a Riff almost three leagues into the Sea Born-Riff called Born-Riff which is upon the out-side very steep come no nearer it than twelve fathom coming from the eastwards you cannot sayl within it but sayling alongst by it in seven fathom you shall not run a Bowls cast alongst without it For to sayl into Ameland-Gat coming out of the Sea To sayl into Ameland Gat coming out of the Sea bring the Cape upon the East end of the Schelling right over the Steeple of Horn which shall then bear from you S.S.W. or a little more westerly sayl in right with them until that the Cape upon Ameland and the Steeple of Hoelm are one over the other then leave the first Marke and sayl in upon the second and you shall find the outermost Buoy which lyeth somewhat within the outermost Point of Born-Riff Coming from the eastwards run alongst by the Strand of the Schelling in five or five fathom and a half at low-water and you shall not fail to sayl right upon the outermost Buoy and then the Church and Steeple upon Ameland shall also come one over the other and bear from you East or a little more southerly Coming alongst by the Schelling in four fathom you shall not sayl within the Koggedeeps-ground over against them lyeth the first Buoy on the South side of Born-Riff run alongst to the southwards of it keeping the Cape and Steeple one over the other until you be past the second Buoy which lyeth thwart of the West end of Kamper-sand the Fair-way betwixt these Buoys The going into Ameland is five and six fathom deep Being past the second Buoy bring the Steeple somewhat to the northwards of the Cape and go on N.E. towards the third Buoy upon Gerritshouden for to avoid the Plat which lyeth off from the South side towards Born-Riff on it lie two white Buoys the first over against the aforesaid third black Buoy the other over against the fourth black Buoy lying from the third about S.E. leave the black Buoys all on the Larboard-side and the white on the Starboard and run through so betwixt them both the Plats is on the North side indifferent flat so that you may run to it upon the Lead reckon well your Tydes especially be careful of a fore-Ebb which falleth very strong over the Channel N. N. W. into Sea over Born-Riff Betwixt the second and third Buoy in the Fair-way it is 8 9 fathom Between the third and the aforesaid Plat 7 fathom Being past the fourth Buoy both sides are very steep and the Fair-way 8 9 10 and 12 fathom deep go then in S. S. E. until that the Steeple of Holm come over the South Point of Ameland where the Boats lie and then you come in the Bight where it is on the South side flat and good anchoring in five or fix fathom the North Shore is very steep For to sayl further into Horsen For to sayl into Horsen Go away from the Bight E.N.E. alongst by the South side in 5 or 6 fathom so long until Heynooms-Chamber being a red tyled House come a hand-spikes length to the northwards or to the eastwards of Holm-Church anchor there in 5 or 6 fathom you shall lie there in good ground sheltered for all Winds also there goeth little Tide In this Fair-way it is twelve fathom deep the North shore is there very steep These foresaid depths like as those of the Fly are said to be at low-water Easter-Booms-Gat at the Schelling The Easter-Booms-Gat is altered very much the Schorre-grounds or as some call them Peters-grounds are overgrown very near to the Shore or Strand of the Schelling before it lies a Bank or little Sand-plat Betwixt the aforesaid Schorre or Peters-ground and the Strand is according to the testimony of Masters or Schippers who usually sayl in and out with their Smack-Ships about the half of a Ships length broad and about two Ships length long is upon the Plate or Bank 5 and 6 foot but between the Schorre or Peters-ground well 11 or 12 foot water so that if there lay on the corner of the Schorre or Peters-ground a buoy or Mark to discern or find this Entrance or Gap one could then very easily sayl in or out with a Fluyt-ship but seeing the Place is not marked with a buoy it is judged uneasie to be used by great Ships and only navigable for Smacks Coming from the East and having Midland-Church standing upon the Schelling S.S.E. from you then you are near about the said Bank and seeing there is nothing else to be written of this Easter-Booms-Gat we will leave it and pass over to the Description and Scituation of the Wester-Booms-Gat Wester-Booms-Gat at the Schelling To sayl in at the Wester-Booms Channel coming from the West Bring the Cape and Tower of Brandaries together that is East and East by South from you thereupon you must run to find the outermost Buoy there is fix fathom water keep then the Cape and Tower so standing till you come to the second Buoy bring then the Tower a great hand-spikes length to the southwards of the Cape and sayl thereupon then you shall sayl betwixt a white and black Buoy there it is upon the shoalest 17 foot at low-water from thence you come to 6 and 7 fathom and then you come again in the right Booms-Channel on the North Wall it is deepest it is wide and broad so that you cannot well bear it up the Stream runs there of it self right in in still weather The Ietting To sayl into the Jetting coming through the Robbe-Gat about the Rosyne-Plat You must run towards the Buoy upon Longe-sand and forth between the White and Black Buoys leaving in sayling up the Black on the Larboard and the White on the Starboard till you come by the Beacons on the Nakens you may easily see from Buoy to Buoy sayl then forth alongst by the Beacons upon the Nakens E. S. E. on till Brandaries cometh hard by Grind Grind. but not upon it keep them so standing and run southwards on and you shall sayl upon the Buoy on the tayl of Hendricks-Taerts-Plate these you may under-sayl on the East side leave them on your Larboard and run on West away S. S. E. to the last buoy that lyeth upon the South point of the aforesaid Hendrick't-Taerts-Plate Over against the Beacons upon the Nakens lie on the South Wall two
white Buoys the most easterly lyeth upon the Tayl which sayling off you may under-sayl southward between the two last black Buoys by the West Coast is the Road where the Ships which are bound to Harlingen set on to lighten Note ☞ All the depths here before rehearsed as well of Stortmeleck as of the Booms-Gat are said of the lowest water at half-flood is three foot deeper it floweth upon these at the aforesaid places with a common Tyde five and a half or six foot up and down The numbers of the depths set down in the Card of the Fly and Ameland-Gat are to be understood for feet As for Example By the outer Buoy of the Boomkens-Gat stand 66 that is 66 foot or 11 fathom six foot being reckoned for a fathom Stortemeleck To sayl into Stortemeleck that is the Land-deep of Ulie-land Bring the Cape that is on the East end of Ulie-land and the Light-house together they shall then bear from you S. S. E. or a little easterly sayl thereupon and you shall fall right on the first Buoy that lyeth on five fathom on the outermost of the long Bank the Bank is on the North side reasonable plain so that those who come out of the North may run thereby on the Lead in five or fix fathom and so likewise find the outermost Buoy If need require men may run over the end of the long Bank but not too far eastwards of the outermost Buoy in 3 fathom or 18 foot Towards the Shore though not eastward of the second Buoy but a good way westward lyeth right southward the point of another small Tayl whereupon near the Buoy it is no more than 11 foot water between this Tayl and the long Bank runneth a Chop in the Ground to the eastward of five fathom deep It happeneth sometimes that Ships coming over the end of the Long-Bank and finding again deeper water do think themselves to be in the right depth of Stortemeleck whereupon they luff but run in the aforesaid Chop in betwixt the two foresaid Tayls and if with a westerly wind not without great danger and yet must run out again backward coming out of the West along by Ulie-land in 4 or 5 fathom you shall not miss to run the foresaid outermost Buoy in sight he that in the night falleth about Stortemeleck let him bring the Light-house S. S. E. from him and run thereupon till he come nearer the Shore he shall run to the westwards of the outermost Buoy within Stortemeleck there lie 7 black Buoys with one white Buoy sayling in leave all the black on the Larboard and run along the southward leave the white on the Starboard even as all other white Buoys as well in Booms-Channel the Jetting as upon the Ulie-Stream In coming from Stortemeleck you must somewhat shun the Shore for it hath a Shoal right over against the first Buoy The second Buoy called the Outermost-Drooge-drie Droog-drie lyeth on 11 foot upon the ridge of the shoalest of the Channel South thereof is also not more than 11 foot water and a little further again 16 foot deep The third called the Innermost-Drooge-drie lyeth in 16 foot the right depth betwen both is 3 fathom The fourth is called Heyckboeck between this and the third the right depth is 5 fathom Over against the fourth lyeth the white Buoy on the Strand hard by runneth a little Tayl from the Shore which you may undersayl when you sayl outwards to this white Buoy or to the third which from without it stretcheth E. N. E. in from the fourth to the fifth almost East and further more and more southerly The fifth Buoy is called the Outermost Corner Buoy the sixth the Middlemost Corner Buoy and the seventh or last the Innermost Corner Buoy betwixt the Outermost and Middlemost Corner Buoy the next Outermost runneth a Tayl from the Shore which you may undersayl from without this groweth sometimes almost as far as the Buoy then breaketh the depth by the Wall again through and scoures the Tayl wholly to the North Shore from the Innermost Buoy men run forth alongst by the Strand of ulie-Ulie-land or southward to the Buoy upon the Plate To sayl in at the Spaniards-Channel For to find the Spaniards-Channel coming from the northwards You must bring the Capes upon Huysdown one in the other or a little through one another to wit the Runner that is the southermost and greatest a little to the eastwards of the other then they shall bear S. S. E. from you sayl then in right with them keeping them so and you shall sayl right upon the outermost Buoy or in sight of it which lyeth as is said upon the Point of the Keysers-Plate in 22 foot at low-water When you come to the Buoy Keysers-Plate the Kooger-Church shall lie full E. N. E. from you Therefore if you come from the westwards or southwards then bring that Church not more northerly from you then E. N. E. but rather a little more easterly and sayl then right in with it until that the Capes come one right against another or else you shall lightly sayl upon the Keysers-Plate which is without upon the North side very steep Men may run a little westwards of the Outermost Buoy alongst to the castwards of it it is broader From the first or the outermost Buoy to the second the course is South somewhat westerly and from thence to the third fourth and fifth which is the Buoy of the Cape and Steeple it is almost one course S. S. E. or somewhat southerly the Buoys lie along the West Shore men may for need sayl alongst to the westwards of them but not far for the West Shore is so steep that if a great Ship should lie with the Stern against it there should be no more than 3 foot at Head and by the main Mast at least three fathom deep but the East Shore is flat you may run alongst by it upon your Lead until you come within the Buoys The Buoy upon the Tayl that is the innermost Old-Slenk upon the Buoy of the Old-Slenk lies from the Buoy upon Cape and Steeple South by West and S. S. W. but the Helder S. E. then you may sayl from the Buoy upon Cape and Steeple right with the Helder without danger or to the Buoy upon the Tayl and from thence alongst by the South Shore which is also very steep or right to the Helder as shall be most convenient for the Wind and Tyde The Fore-flood sets very strong over the South-ground to the Spaniards-Channel till half-flood and the Fore-ebb S. S. E. till half-ebb The Helder lyeth from the Buoy upon the Tayl E. S. E. and S. E. by East When you are come near the Helder run close by it so to avoid a Tayl shooting off from Geest-sand which you may sayl within as you come from Sea there lyeth a Buoy upon it which leave on the Larboard-side being past the Helder go N. E. or a
the Mase as soon as you are past that keep strait to the Schtedams-head there you have the deepest water To sayl into the Mase with a northerly Wind. But if you will sayl in the Mase with a northerly wind you must keep the upper Wall that so you may have the smoothest deepest water for by the North Wall there goes in a depth where a full foot of water and more is then by the buoys above written and is called Everskill to reach this you must bring the outermost Beacon in the Brill and keep it so standing till you bring two bushes of Trees on the North side East of it that is about a Musquet-shot northwards the outermost buoy bring the most northerly Bush in with Delfs-Steeple so are you then on the North side of Everskill and the southerly Bush to the Eâ—er then are you on the South side of Everskill then keep so long between both the Beacons then are you right over against the Hompel then run again to the Land of the Brill either to the Pit or the aformentioned Southern-Gat The Goerees-Gat Betwixt the Land of the Brill and Geeree goeth in also 2 Channels the northermost is called the Quackaeeps and is not for great Ships but onely for Smacks and small Ships the other the Goerees-Gat betwixt these two Channels lyeth a great Plat called the Hinder which at low-water is not deeper than 5 6 and 7 foot to the northwards of it goeth in the Quacks-deep and the southwards of it the Goerees-Gat For to find the Quacks-deep coming in out of the West You must keep the Steeple of the Brill East from you and run so in until that a great Countrey House which you shall see stand alone a little within the Point of the Quack come to the southermost Sand-hills of the Land of the Brill which shall then bear near about East from you keep that then so standing and come so right in until that Oostvâ—â—rn come to the westermost or southermost Sand-hills then come in alongst by the Strand somewhat more southerly until that Goeree come to the eastwards or within the Sand-hills then you shall be past the East Point of the Hinder which the Pilots call the Buoyen run then towards Goeree or the eastwards to Helleveet-Sluce where you desire to be For to sayl in at the Goeree-Gat You must bring the Steeple of Goeree and the Cape upon the Land of Goeree one in the other and then they shall bear Fast by South and E. S. E. from you or if you cannot see the Cape then bring the Steeple East by South or E.S.E. from you according as you shall have the wind sayl in right with it until you come hard aboard the Strand and within a Bowls cast in alongst by it East by North and East in so long until that the Land do fall away more to the southwards thereabouts runneth off from the Shore a little Tayl which you may sayl within in going out but not in coming in there you must edge a little further from the Shore being past that luff up again towards the Shore or Haven of Goeree and anchor there before it or else if you will run up the Hellevoet-Sluce then bring the Mill which standeth to the westwards of Goeree a little to the northwards of the Steeple of Goeree keep them so standing and sayl so up to Hellevoet-Sluce and you shall not come near the Plat which lyeth over against or to the southwards of Hellevoet-Sluce When you sayl in at the Goeree-gat with a bare southerly wind and that you cannot bring the Cape and Steeple one in the other you may bring the Steeple wel E. S. E. or a great Capstane bars length to the northwards of the Cape and then run on until you come over against the Strand and so you shall run over the Tayl of the Hinder in 14 and 15 foot at low-water but when the Cape and Steeple are one in the other you shall not have less than 19 or 20 foot being come over the Tayl of the Hinder in the right depth it is 6 7 and 8 fathom deeper water A little within the Cape or almost thwart of it is the narrowest of the Channel further in it is wide on the side towards the Hinder it is rising Ground but the south shore alongst by the Strand is very steep To sayl in at the Brewers-Haven Before the Land of Scowen thwart of the Brewers-Haven-Channel lie 3 Banks the outermost called the Bree-bank lyeth a kenning without the Land upon which it is 7 fathom deep and again within it 10 fathom deep upon the second near the Shore it is 5 fathom deep and again within it is 7 fathom The third called the Ooster lyeth close by the Land and runneth into the castwards betwixt Schowen and the Land of Goeree upon it is no more than 6 foot water When you would sayl into the Channel of Brewers-Haven you must go about to the westwards of it Upon the West end of Schowen stand two Capes bring them one in the other and run so right in with them until the Steeple of the Remisse which Steeple is somewhat sharp come to the Blenck or Wâ—â—lsack that is a high white Sand-hill which sheweth it self out in Whiteness high above all the other Sand-hills then leave the Capes and run in by the marks of the Blenck and Remisse until that Outdrop a little white Steeple upon the Land of Goeree come to the Steeple of Gâ—â—ree and so you shall go in betwixt the Ooster of the Larboard-side and the Hill on the Starboard-side and alongst a little to the southward of the outermost Buoy until you come within the Ooster When Outdrop and Geeree are one in the other then leave also the aforesaid marks of Remisse and run in right with Goeree until you come by the second Buoy or if there lie no Buoys until that Bommence come a little without the Oxe-Tayl that is a Point of Schowe lying out a little to the westwards of Brewers-Haven sayl so right in until you are past the Brewers-Haven This Channel of Brewers-Haven is a broad and deep Channel very convenient for great Ships he that must turn in or out to windwards may run alongst a good way on boch sides as well of the outermost as the second Buoy but to the southward of them it is deepest and the common Fair-way The third Buoy is a Buoy with a Tayl and lyeth upon a Point of a Tayl off from the Ooster which you may not go to the northwards of until you be very close alongst by it All alongst by the Strand of Schowen it is very deep and steep you may run close by it from the outermost Buoy unto Brewers-Haven there is nothing that can hurt you the shoalest of this Channel is 18 or 19 foot at least a league without the Land in the coming in betwixt the Ooster and the Hill further inwards it is 4 5 6 and 7
about seven eight or nine fathom according as the Tyde is this Sand is steep also so that if the wind be northerly that you are forced to run down stand not over to that Sand until your water shoal for you shall have eight or nine fathom and the next cast aground but you may stand over to the westward Middle-ground into five or six fathom East-Barrow-head the North end of the eastermost Middle-ground doth tayl or joyn to the East-barrow-head and there it is flat with a tayl a good length over to the northwards The North-east Flat lyeth near Northwest from the Buoy of the Buxey and then the Trees on the North side do bear North-weft from you When you are thwart of the Buoy of the Spits and Buxey Spits Buâ—y you may steer out North-east by East down the Kings Channel or if the wind will give you leave to borrow upon the Gunfleet in seven or eight fathom water then that depth will lead you down to the Buoy at the East end of the Gunfleet Also by this means you shall be sure to keep clear of the Middle-ground that lyeth between the Gunfleet and the eastward Sand which is called the Heaps which at low-water hath but ten foot in some places This Middle-ground reacheth a great length when you are at the South end of it the Naze-land will bear North from you and Orfordness N. N. E. When you are at the North-east end of this Sand then you will be thwart of the Buoy on the North end of the Gunfleet and Harwich Church will be open and shut of Harwich Cliff from whence if you be bound for the North-foreland you may steer E. N. E. and East by North till you bring the Naze-land to bear W. N. W. from you and then you may be sure you are northward of the tayl of the Sonk but if the wind be southerly borrow close aboard the tayl of the Sonk Other directions for the Swin and so through the Kings-Channel towards the Downs When you come down as low as the Whitaker then take heed and keep the shoaling thereof until you are two miles below it then you come to the shoaling of the Middle-ground Middle-Ground which is steep too for if you do turn down you must about when you come to ten fathom water because it is narrow and so the shoaling of the Middle-ground doth continue till you come down as low as the Buoy of the Spits Buoy of the Spits The Channel begins to be broader and if the wind be so that you must turn be sure to keep hold of the Gunfleet Gun-fleet but if the wind be fair that you may lead it run down in the shoaling of the Gunfleet till you bring the Naze N.N.W. and then go thence North-east by East also that it will lead you clear of the Sonk and go still that course till you have brought the Naze-land W. N. W. or West by North. The Sonk doth lie from the Naze North-east and South-west so that if you bring the Naze-land to lie West by North you may be bold to go a more easterly course until you come to sixteen or eighteen fathom for fourteen or fifteen fathom will go hard by the Kentish-Knock Kentish-Knock Note also that you may see the Trees over the Naze when you cannot see the Naze The Kentish-Knock doth lie from the Long-sand-head Long-sand-head three or four miles E.S.E. And when you have the aforesaid sixteen fathom then you may judge the Naze-Land to be W. N. W. or West by North then go thence S.S.W. upon an Ebb and upon a flood South or S.S.E. as the Wind is or the weakness of the Tyde so must you work and that will carry you clear with the North-Foreland and if you go about the North-sand-head or about all or the Goodwin then you must keep more easterly North-sand-head and note that the North-sand-head and the Long sand-head lyeth South and North and the Kentish-Knock lyeth from the North-foreland North by East and South by West there is nothing between Marget-sand and the North-foreland and therefore you need not fear And as I said before to go about the Goodwin run off till you come to 26 or 30 fathom for 18 or 20 fathom goeth near the Sand and so run in this depth until you have brought the Land of Dover open of the South Foreland then you may be bold to hale in with the Foreland there is nothing between the Goodwin and Marget-sand or North-foreland to fear To sayl unto Cowen and Malden-Water When you are at the Buoy of the Spits Spits your course is W.N.W. in four or five fathom as the Wind serves for the Ebb setteth upon a Shoal that lyeth to the Eastward called the Eagle Eagle and the Tyde of Flood setteth on a Shoal called the Knowl Knowl and is to the westward of your going in and you may run down to the southward borrowing in five fathom upon the Main until you bring Banbury-land which is the high Land that lies above Malden a Sayls breadth open with Bradwell-point which Mark will bring you between the Eagle and the Knoul and run with these Marks until you bring a Steeple that stands on the North shore open of the red Cliffs end and so run with these marks open and shut North up Marzey-Block-House until you come to Marzey Black-house and there you may come to an anchor in six or seven fathom water Directions to sayl into Harwich coming from the southwards If you come from the southward keep Harwich-Steeple open a good birth off the Cliff end and on the North end keep Farberry Clifts open of the Beach on the East fide and so you may go in bearing close by the Beach for fear of the Altar Altar which lies within a Cables length of the Beach and so you may go along clear keeping by the Beach till you come to the Werebere-head and then you may steer up with Ipswich-water and anchor with Harwich S. S. W. in five or six fathom water and the higher up the better ground till you bring the Town South of you Other Directions for Harwich coming from the Northwards When you come from the northward and are shot past the Whiting as far as Bawdsey-Cliff keep Orford Church and Castle open of the Cliff and that will carry you clear of the Andrews and then when you see the Light-Houses bring them one into another and get into four or five fathom-water or somewhat more towards high-water then run in about by the Point The Channel lyeth in due North but in the midst of the Havens lyeth a sunken Rock called the Altar which you must avoid by sayling on either side by one Shore or the other but along by the East Shore is best being within it you cannot sayl amiss or take hurt except you run against the Shore There you may anchor all over where
you please before the Town in four five six or seven fathom-water or you may go further into the Bight for it is every where clean Other directions to sayl into Harwich The Mark in this Channel to sayl into Harwich is to keep the top of Harwich Steeple half way betwixt the Fire-beacon on Harwich and the North end of the Cliff or the lower Light-house a little open of the North end of Harwich Cliff and so sayl in N. N. W. keeping those marks so till you come within half a mile of Harwich Cliff then bear to the North-eastwards so far till you bring the body of the Church open to the northwards of the Cliff then edge toward Land-guard-Fort till you bring both the Light-houses in one then run in with them so till you see your self within the South Point of the Andrews which you shall know by having Bawdsey Church open and shut on the Land to the Southwards of Bawdsey or if there be any Sea or half-tyde the Andrews is plain to be seen then you must edge near to the Beach where the Fort stands to shun the Altar another Shoal that lyeth directly against the Fort. To sayl out of Harwich In the North Channel you may sayl out as is before described in the going in till you come without the Fort then bring the two Light-houses into one and so sayl out till you bring the Steeple open of the Land to the southward of Bawdsey-Cliff then are you clear of the Andrews and Ridge then steer North-east by East until you bring Harwich-Church on the North side of a black House called the Brew-house which stands a little to the northward of Landguard-Fort keeping them marks so standing until you bring Bawdsey-Church open a little to the northward of the North end of Bawdsey-Cliff then are you open of the Sledway Between Alborough and Dunwich half way lyeth a Wood which is high at both ends and the midst low in form of a Saddle this you shall commonly see first when you fall with the Land thereabouts and is the best to know the Coast 〈◊〉 for the Land without and to the southwards is very low and shingly ground about two leagues to the southward of Alborough lyeth Orfordness between them both there standeth two Woods which sheweth at a distance like Castles and Towers on Orfordness standeth a flat Steeple and a broad Castle which hath also a thick flat Steeple almost in fashion like the Steeple of Ranop open above with Holes in it like Bell-holes before Dunwich you may anchor there is good lying in eight or nine fathom water somewhat soft ground Before Alborough is the best Road of all the Coast thereabouts in six or seven fathom To know Bawdsey Oasly and Alterton Churches Bawdsey-Church is the highest and biggest Steeple being flat at top as the others are it stands to the south-wards of all the rest a mile from the Shore Oasly-Church hath a flat large Steeple but is lower than the other two and stands a mile to the northwards of Bawdsey-Steeple three quarters of a mile from the Sea Alterton-Steeple stands to the northwards of Oasly-Church a mile and a half it is a very high square Steeple but much smaller than the other two and stands about a mile from the Sea To sayl out of the Sledway to the North-Foreland First Bring the North end of Bawdsey-Cliff North-West from you then shall you see a flat Steeple right with a Cliff which you must keep on or a little open of the Cliff-end until you bring Beamont-Tree on the Naze-land W. N. W. and then you may steer South-East or South-east by South if the Wind serves having not less water than seven or eight fathom and when you have laid the Netherland to water you may sound for the Kentish-Knock and come no nearer it than 8 or 9 fathom as the Wind and Tyde serves and being about the Knock you may go S. S. W. as you see occasion To sayl out at the back-side of the Gun-fleet If you will sayl out at the back-side of the Gunfleet being in the Sleds in seven fathom borrow on the West-Rocks in four or five fathom steering S. S. W. or South-west by West but go not to the southwards of five fathoms till you be over the tayl of the Rocks and when you are over the Rocks you shall have seven or eight fathom but go not without eight fathom on the West side and borrow on the Gunfleet in six or seven fathom going South-west by South or South-west till you come up to the Spits or as you see occasion To sayl by the Naze to the Northwards From the Eagle to the Naze you may borrow to the Shore and the course is N. E. by North or N. N. E. to go by the Naze you must bring Harwich-steeple unto the East part of the Saddle in the Cliff-end be sure you shut not St. Hellen into the Naze before you bring the Steeple into the Saddle and so you may steer with the Steeple until you bring the Dove-house with the Naze or the Naze-end unto a Tree on the lower end of the Hedge-row that is to the southward of the House and being in one then may you have your other marks and steer to the eastward keeping the House and Tree in one and more to the southward of the Hedge-row in the lower end of the Field a stones cast from the Hedge is a lively Tree or great Bush which you may bring into a Tree between two high Trees that are to the southward of the House and these marks you may keep in one steering North-east by North keeping Harwich-steeple open of the East end of the Cliff and then you may bear in with the Harbour but the best water is when the Steeple is on the Hommock between the Beacon and the Cliff and so steer to the northwards as you please To sayl clear of Alborough-Knapes East from Alborough two leagues lyeth Alborough-Knapes which is a Sand that at low-water is not deeper than seven or eight foot you may sound round about it in five fathom but it is not good to come nearer with Sea-winds you may discern it plainly by the breaking of the Sea but with northerly and westerly winds the Sea breaks not at all upon it if it be fair weather he that runneth by it to the northwards with an Ebb shall see it ripple much upon it likewise upon most of the English Bank and indeed not upon the Banks but against them for upon the shoalest of them is alwayes the smoothest water as experience teacheth every where When as Alborough is West from you and the two Steeples of Orforness one in the other there you shall find Albôrough-Knapes These are sure marks of that Sand. To sayl to the westward of the Whiting-Sand The Whiting is somewhat a small long Sand lying to the southward of Orfordness and the shingly ground to the southward of Alborough lyeth alongst the Reach but the
Yarmought to Cocket Island Describing all the Roads â—avens and Harbors Depths and Soundings the Courses and distances of one Place from Another Newly Corroded and Published by Iohn Seller And are to be Sold at his Shop at the Sign of the Marriners Compass at the 〈…〉 A Description of the East Coast of Scotland Shewing all the Bayes Roads havens Harbors depths and Soundlings Courses distances of places one the said Coasts Newly Corrected and Published by Iohn Seller And are to be Sold at his Shopp at Signe of the Marrinors Compass at the Hermitage stayrs in Wapping About a mile Yarmouth Haven or somewhat more to the southward of the Town of Yarmouth it hath two wooden Heads you must sayl in between them both against the highest water when the strength of the Flood is spent at half-flood it is dangerous because of the strong Tyde which shall forcibly carry you into the Bight against the Shore it is also best to carry your Ship in alongst the South-head for there it is deepest At Yarmouth in the Road men do commonly anchor to the northward of the Haven right over thwart the Town in five six seven or eight fathom The nearer you anchor to the Sands the deeper water you shall have but all good Sand and soft Ground To sayl into Yarmouth-Road through the Holms If you sayl into the Road of Yarmouth then bring the sharp little Steeple that standeth to the northward of Yarmouth within the Land over the broad Castle or bring the Mill to the North side of the Town Keep these Marks so standing and go in W. N. W. you shall find in this Channel no less than eight or nine fathom at half-flood This Channel is called St. Nicholas Channel St. Nicholas Channel on the North side it is deepest being come in the Road is right before the Town in five or six fathom Thwart or over against the Haven of Yarmouth goeth also a Channel through the Holms To sayl in there coming from the southwards Bring the Souton over the North side of the Haven between the great Tree and that flat little House or Castle and sayl in right with them and keep these Marks so standing within the Holms within them lyeth a Flat on the Starboard-side and a little northward of the Haven called the Middle-ground you may sayl about on both sides the inner side in five fathom but toward the Holms or toward the eastward of it in eight or nine fathom From Yarmouth to Winterton the Coaft lyeth North by West and North-west two leagues To sayl from Yarmouth through the Sands If you sayl from Yarmouth through within to the northwards sayl alongst by the Land and keep the sounding of the Shore in five six or seven fathom until you have the a Light-houses which stand a little to the northwards of Castor one in the other Castor and then sayl in right with them either by day or night in the night there is fire in them and then shall you run over a Flat without the Buoy which lyeth upon the Tayl of the Sand called the Barber Barber sayl boldly in with the aforesaid Light-houses until you come again near the Shore in five or six fathom being come by the Shore run again alongst by it and keep the Sounding as before till you come before Winterton Thus sheweth the Land from Orfordness to Wintertonness Orfordness Alborough Dunwich Walderswick Sowl Thus sheweth the Coast of England between Orfordness and Sowl-Haven Sowl Covehith Leystaff Thus sheweth the Land between Sowl and Leystaff Leystaff Yarmouth Winterton Thus sheweth the Coast betwixt Leystaff and Winterton To sayl by Wintertonness This Ness formerly hath been very shoal and dangerous but now it is worn away so that Ships may run between the Ness and the Main and you will have three fathom water at half-flood but if you sayl without the Ness there is a Channel between it and a Middle-ground and the Marks to carry you through are to bring the two small Light-houses one into another and keep the great Light-house South of you so you will keep in the best of the Channel To sayl from Wintertonness to Stamford First You must steer North and North by East and borrow on the Shore in six or seven fathom until you come in the Mid-way between Alborough and Dunwich where you must give the Shore more birth and come no nearer than five or fix fathom and so you may borrow on the Shore till you come between Southwold and Covehith and when Covehith Church is West you are then thwart of the South end of the Bernard it lyeth North-east into the Sea Bernard and to go clear of the North-east end of it keep Southwold Steeple open of the South end of the Cliff until you bring 〈…〉 open to the northwards of the 〈…〉 there way you steer with the Town of Leystaff 〈…〉 the Light-houses in one to go within the 〈◊〉 but to go without the Holm-head keep the 〈◊〉 beacons one in another or if you can see i◠〈◊〉 Goulstone Steeple open and shut of the Waters-Eâ—â—â— and Beach-end and so you may go in the best Also upon the Ebb if occasion serves you may borrow into four a hom of the North end of the Bernard or Newcome for they point both together and having Paâ—gfield-Church West you may go in with the Shore or you may go off into 11 or 12 fathom-water as you please and to go through the Stamford bring the top of the Terret on the Clock-house over the white House in the midst of the Town To sayl through Yarmouth-Roads to the Northwards First To turn between the Cork-Sand and the Shore come no nearer the Sand than five or six fathom but on the Shore you may borrow in four fathom Castorness it need be and so you may keep until you come to Castorness and so run until the two Light-houses be both into one the shoalest of the Ness is a Masquetshot to the northwards of the Light-houses the Spit lyeth off the Shore and on the Cork you may borrow into six fathom and on the Holms in ten fathom for it is all steep too and the shoalest of Wintertonness is when the Steeple is South-west Being thwart of the Steeple a mile off the Shore lyeth a Shoal whereon is but two fachom and a half at low-water but within or without there is six or seven fathom Being at Haseborough your course with Flambrough-head is North-west and South east as you take the Tyde for the Flood setteth over Burnaâ—-flat and the Ebb cross to the Sea and being so far to the Northwest as you can see Haseborough-Steeple which is the highest Steeple on all the Coast and riseth out of the water you shall have ten fathom water and when you have it S.S.E. then Cromer Steeple will be S.S.W. and being in this course half way over the Well you shall have sometimes seven or eight fathom and sometimes
more From Flambrough-head to New-Castle the course is North-west or W.N.W. but if you keep the Shore the course is more northerly Directions for St. Nicholas-Gat and Yarmouth-Road From Alborough-bay your course to Yarmouth-sands is North by East and when you are thwart the South end of Holm-head you shall have 17 or 18 fathom water which is directly thwart of Leystaff and being past that you may borrow upon the Sand in 7 8 or 9 fathom water until you have brought Goulston-steeple which is the southermost Steeple of the two upon the North Peer of Yarmouth and steer with those Marks one over the other till you come to six or seven fathom water upon the Shore and then bearing to the northward anchor at the South end of Yarmouth or before as you shall think convenient in 6 7 8 or 9 fathom water from whence if you are bound to the northward and would go over Castorness steer alongst the 〈…〉 in 5 6 or 7 〈…〉 the back of the Barber-Sand 〈◊〉 you have brought the Light-houses one over another Cockle and then beaâ— within the Buoy of the Cockle borrowing upon the Main in 6 5 or 4 fathom until you come thwart of Winterton and that depth will lead you until you come within the Middle-ground that â—â—th not above twelve foot water And when you have brought Winterton Light-houses S.S.W. from you you may steer oâ—t N. N. E. until you come to 8 or 9 fathom water and then you may be sure you are without the Ness and may steer alongst the Coast or direct your course as you have the Wind. But if you be in Yarmouth Road with a Ship that draweth 17 or 18 foot water your best course is to go to the northward betwen the Cockle and Scroby Marks of the Channel are as follows You must bring the southermost round Tower of Yarmouth to bear with the two southermost Windmills To sayl between the Cockle Scrâ—ty and so run until you bring the said Tower open of the Mills the breadth of the Tower and so steer into the northward with that mark which will carry you out between the two Sands Also there is another nearer mark which is therefore better but they come all to one which is The Wind-mill that stands on the North-west part of the Town a little Sayls breadth to the westward of the North-west Tower of Yarmouth it sheweth like unto a Dove-house this mark will lead to the northwards and you shall not have less than six or seven fathom until you come to the Sea-heads which is a Shoal that lyeth thwart between the two Sands on which there is not above four fathom or four fathom and a half at low-water and when the Wind-mills come one upon another then you enter upon the South part of the Shoal which will continue without deepning or shoaling until Winterton-Church and the Light-house be one in the other and then you may presently come into deeper water and may steer away unto the northward North-west or North-west by West or North-west by North and this course shall carry you clear within the Rock that lyeth E.N.E. and W.S.W. from Winterton on which you shall not find fifteen foot at low-water in some places If you be coming from the northward and would go into this Channel follow this direction To the North-west of Haseborough you shall see a low flat Church keep that a Sayls breadth off Haseborough-Cliff and steering directly with this Mark will bring you into the Channel before mentioned Yarmouth-Road To bring you into Yarmouth-Road and to know the right Church when it is open and shut of the Cliff of Haseborough is this When Haseborough-Church doth bear North-west by West from you and steering away South-east by East will bring you into the Marks and Channel aforesaid and within all the Over-falls that lie short of Wintertenness From Winterton to Haseborough-Point the course is North-west three leagues From Haseborough to Cromar the Coast lyeth North-west and West by North and W.N.W. 3 or 4 leagues Thus sheweth the Land between Winterton and Cromer Winterton Mock-Beggers-Hall Thus sheweth the Land to the northwards of Winterton as far as Haseborough as you sayl by it Castor Haseborrough Thus sheweth the North Coast of England betwixt Yarmouth and Cromer when you sayl through within the Banks Castor Winterton Haseborrough Cromer These three Figures belong to each other The Land lyeth from Cromer to Bornham first W. N. W. and West by North and then West and West by South nine or ten leagues Thwart of Mock-beggars-Hall not far from the Shore lyeth a little Flat where no Ship can go over but you may come within six or seven fathom of it you may also run betwixt it and the Land in two fathom water To sayl into Blakney From Cromer unto Blakney it is two or three leagues At Blakney standeth a high Steeple which you may see alongst far over the Land when it cometh to the little Steeple then you have the first buoy of the Channel which lyeth at the South end of the Pole which is a Sand at the West end of the Channel of Blakney go from the first Buoy to the other and so alongst by them until you come within the Haven this is a Tyde-Haven and is dry at low-water To sayl into Wells Four leagues to the westward of Blakney lyeth Wells betwixt them both the aforesaid Shore Pole and Piper called the Pole and Piper There is a Shoal that lyeth far off from the Land at the West end of which goeth in the Channel of Wells The Beacons that you sayl by stand all alongst by the Piper when Hoebrom beareth E. S. E. from you and the Trees against the Steeple then you may sayl open into the Haven of Wells Directions for Lin-Deeps between Wintertonness and the Spurn-head From Wintertonness to Flamborrough-head the course is North-West and North-west by North as the wind is In which course when you come to the Well which is near about Blakney S.S.W. and South-west by South from you there you have divers Overfalls upon some of them there is not above 13 or 14 foot at low-water and are very short Knowls many men are of opinion that it is Land grown up about some Vessels that have been sunk as they were coming from New-Castle in Queen Elizabeths dayes and since so that it is very dangerous for a Ship that draweth 16 or 17 foot water to go through the Well for no man can shape a course to be certain to go through the Well escaping the Overfalls they being so many and lying so scattered in your course between Flamborrough and Winterton but in your W. N. W. and E. S. E. courses between the Spurn and Norfolk-Coast there is no fear of Overfalls for in that course you shall have eight or ten fathom a certain depth for three or four leagues together Between Wells and Bornham there lyeth a Bank you may ride under it in
fallen three foot An East and West Moon makes in Boston-deep the highest-water but before the Town an East by South and an E.S.E. Moon To sayl out of the Deep He that cometh from Boston and would sayl out through the Deep with an high-water let him look out for the aforesaid high Island within Legerness when that cometh behind Legerness then he may boldly set his course whither he intends either to the Eastward North-eastward or Northward there is nothing that can hurt you From Legerness to Humber is about seven leagues North and South between them about a league to the southward of Humber lyeth a place called Salt-fleet-Haven a little to the northward of a sharp Steeple called Wilgrip-steeple thwart of the aforesaid Salt-fleet-Haven about a mile from the Shore lyeth a Sand which at low-water falleth almost dry you must run without it and leave it towards the Land yet upon occasion you may venture to sayl within it Directions to sayl into Humber and so to Hull If you will go into Humber coming from the northward be sure to keep so far off the Spurn shore as that you may be in six or seven fathom water and that depth will lead you without the Stone-bank that lies a great distance from the Land and when you are so far that you have brought Patrington Church up to the Spurn then must you bear in West and West by North and W.N.W. This Church standeth up in the Bay to the N. N. W. of the Spurn having a high Spire Steeple being within the Spurn you may edge into the northward and ride very well with a North-east or E.N.E. Wind or steer West by North towards the buoy of the Sand called the Bull in seven or eight fathom water Bull. The thwart marks of the said buoy is a House upon the West end of the Cliff of Clayness and from thence to Grimsby-Road and anchor a little below the Beacon Grimsby-Road A Chart of the NORTH SEA By John Seller Hydrographer to the King And are to be sold at his shop at the Hermitage in Wapping THE River of Humber Described by Iohn Seller Hydrographer to the Kings most excellent Majestie THE RIVER OF TYNE Described by Iohn Seller Hydrographer to the Kings most Excellent Majestie Cum privilegio To sayl into Humber coming from the Southward If you are bound into Humber coming from the southward Then you must keep Patrington Spite Steeple open a Sayls breadth off the Point of the Spurn and steer in with that mark until you come to Burcum-beacon Sonk your course up towards Hull is N. N. W. or you may borrow off and on upon the Sonk which is a Sand that lyeth on the North side of the River almost as far down as the Spurn in four or five fathom water according as the Tyde is in height but between the Sonk and the Southward there lyeth many Banks and Over-falls but of a fathom or a fathom and a half water there are Shoals and Silver-pits in the Channel one of them is very dangerous which lyeth thwart the buoy of the Bull Bull. a little short of that and Burcum-beacon on which Bank or Middle-ground a New-Castle Ship was lost that drew not above thirteen foot water Therefore to avoid this be careful to keep the South-side but above Burcum-beacon there lyeth two or three Over-falls a good way off from the Shore if you come up so far as to bring Pauls Tower open of the red Cliff to the castwards then you are clear or about the tayl of the Sonk then you may steer right over with the Town of Paul and anchor there if you please near the Town but there runs a great Tyde When you come almost the length of the foul Holms which lyeth on the North side of Humber a little below Pauls high Cliff there is a Church which on the North side also you will see also you will see it a little open to the eastward of a little Wood and when you bring it within the East of the Wood you are then in the Narrow right thwart of them then run up W.N.W. until you bring the Town of Paul just open of the high Cliff then you may sayl over to the southward until you bring the Hall which hath a right white top right over the South Block-house and with these Marks you may run almost against the Town where you may anchor in five or six fathom water A Table of Soundings and Depths from the North-Foreland to the Northwards The Names of the Headlands How these Parts bear from you Leagues Fathom The Colour of the Ground North-Foreland West half a Point Southerly 5 27 Gravel black peppery Sand. North-Foreland North-West The Goodwin N. head dry 1 mile and a half 3 30 Brown Sand the North-head of the Goodwin bearing from you W.N.W. a mile and a half and some of the Sand within two thirds of a mile red owsie Sand blown Sand then will the North with the South-Poreland bear South-west from you  If N. W. by W. 3 31  North-Foreland West by North Or West by South 7 23 One cast fine Sand another shingly ground and standing thwart the Channel near thereabouts you will find Banks in 16 fathom fine Sand and between them 24 fathom groster ground North-Foreland W. S. W. 5 23 Small shingly Sand most part of it  W. S. W. 8 28 Black shingly ground no Sand. North-Foreland S. W. by W. 12 33 No Sand but sometimes small Perwinkles  S. W. by W. 9 30 The same ground is above in 33 fathom North-Foreland S. W. Westerly 10 31 Stremy ground blown Sand and some shells  S. W. Westerly 8 28 Shingly Ground with small black Sand. North-Foreland S. W. ½ South 8 18 Stony gross Ground not far from the Knock.  S. W. by S. 7 19 Shingly Ground as big as Beans N. Foreland And the Nase-land S.W. by S. southerly 9 14 Dirty soft ground which is a league to the northwards of the Long sand-head  S.W. by S. southerly 9 14  Orfordness N. N. W. 5 or 6 23 Dirty Clay thick owsie black at both these distances 5 and 6 leagues off shingly ground  N. W. by W. 11 28   W. N. W. 10 or 11 27 29 Shingly Ground with some Sand. Orfordness West by North. 11 29 Fine red gravelly Sand small shells   8 24 Fine peppery black Sand and some shells  West by South 10 28 Red gravelly Sand.   7 25 Shingly small stones and some shells Leystaff West 29 30 Fine white and black Sand.  West southerly 2½ 18 Gross Ground and stones as big as Beans Yarmouth West 8 29 Fine white Sand. Winterton West 8 28 Fine white Sand and some cast soft Owse What Moon maketh High-water at any of these Places At the North-Foreland a North and South Moon maketh high water within the Thames a South by East Moon maketh high-water before the Thames
and Harwich and Orfordness a S.S.E. Moon maketh high-water without the Banks of Yarmouth and before Cromer a South-east Moon maketh high-water Between the Banks of Harwich and the Holms of Yarmouth it floweth South and Ebbs North. Thwart of the Banks of Winterton and Cromer it flows S.S.E. and ebbs N.N.W. Of the Tydes and setting of the Currents From the North-Foreland the Flood runs to the Reculvers and over the Brakes W.S.W. and West by South Without about the Goodwin towards the Kentish-Knock the Flood falleth North by West and N.N.W. There cometh also a flood from the northwards and meet one another by the Galloper with a very great ripling and noise from which this Bank is called the Galloper and setteth to the westwards into the Sands and Channels and also to the Eastward toward Flanders Between the North-Foreland and Oxfordness the Stream setteth S.S.E. When you are to the northward of the Galloper and can reckon no other Ebb than that which runneth along England to the Northwards the Streams fall there all alongst the Coast To the Southward of the Galloper the Ebb setteth to the Southward and the Flood to the Northward Courses and Distances of Places from the North-Foreland to Cocquet-Island From the North-Foreland to the North end of the Goodwin the course is East by South a league and half From the North-Foreland to the Kentish Knock North by East and N.N.E. 4 or 5 leagues From thence to Orfordness North 12 leagues From the Foreland to the Galloper N. E. by North 9 leagues From the Galloper to Orfordness N.N.W. 10 leagues From Alborough to Covehith North by East 5 leagues From Covehith to Leystaff North 2 leagues and a half From Leystaff to Yarmouth South 3 leagues From Winterton to Haseborough 2 leagues and a half From Yarmouth to Winterton N.N.W. 2 leagues and a half From Cromer to Blakney N.N.W. 3 or 4 leagues From Blakney to Bornham to sayl through within the Sand West 6 leagues and a half From Bornham to Chappel-Land W.S.W. 2 leagues and a half From Chappel-Land to Boston-Knock or the North Point of Boston-Deep N.W. by North 5 leagues From thence to the Spurn North and North by West 6 leagues and a half From the Spurn to Flamborough-head N. N. W. 9 leagues Thwart Courses over Sea From the North-Foreland to Flushing East somewhat northerly about 26 leagues and a half From the Foreland to the Mase E.N.E. or somewhat easterly 33 leagues From the Foreland to the Texel or the Mase-deep N.E. 45 leagues From the Naze or Harwich to the Maze East 29 leagues From Orfordness to the Texel E.N.E. 37 leagues From Yarmouth or Leystaff to Walcheren or the Weilings S. E. and S. E. by South 39 leagues From the Point of Cromer or Shield to the Texel East 41 leagues From the Spurn to the Texel East by South and E.S.E. 59 leagues From Tinmouth to Scutness N. E. 103 leagues From Tinmouth to the Naze in Norway N. E. by East somewhat easterly 102 leagues From Tinmouth to the Scaw E.N.E. 135 leagues From Tinmouth to holy-Holy-Island East by South somewhat easterly 106 leagues A Table shewing what Moon maketh full Sea and Setting of the Tydes upon the North-Coast of England and Scotland The Names of the Coasts and Head-lands What Moon maketh full Sea How the Tyde sets by the Land How the Tyde sets seven leagues off the Land How the Tyde sets nine leagues off the Land and in the midst of the Channel At the Kentish-Knock Long-sand-head South-South-East And South by East South-South-East South by East South by West At Harwich Orfordness and Haven S.E. by S. S.S.E. S.E. by South North and South S. S. W. Yarmouth-Road and Haven S. E. by South And S. S. E. S. S. E. North and South South by West Winterton Cromer and Blakney E. S. E. East by South S. E. by East E. S. E. South by East E. S. E. S.S.E. and S. by E. South-East Humber-mouth Lin and Boston-deeps East and West East by South E. S. E. S. W. and N.E. Flamborough-head and Bridlington W. S. W. East and West West by North. S. E. by South Directions for Piloting a Ship from the Point of the Hope over the Flats to the Downs and from thence to the westward alongst the Coast of England as far as Silly shewing the Marks for going into the most Eminent Harbours With a perfect Tyde-Table shewing what time it is full Sea in all these Ports and how long and upon what Point of the Compass the Tyde runneth in the Channel Directions for sayling from Tilbury-Hope down to the Buoy of the Nower VVHen you break ground from Tilbury-Hope if the wind be southerly keep the South Shore close aboard but be careful of Blith-sand which lyeth close to the Kentish-shore and accordingly observe these Marks to carry you clear of it Hopeness If in the day time keep the Steeple of Tilbury-Church a great Sayls breadth without Hopeness alias Sands-head-point If in the night or hazy-weather keep your Lead and come not within five fathom at low-water and seven at high-water and that depth will carry you clear without Blith-sand Blith-sand and will lead you down to the Nower-head But if the Wind be northerly then you must keep the North Shore which is steep too until you come as low as Hole-haven and so keeping the Soundings aforesaid you may run down to the Nower where you may come to an anchor at the East end thereof Marks The Marks for to keep you clear of the Sands is to bring Prickelwel-steeple a Sayls breadth to the eastwards of the Wood that is on the North Shore by the Water-side and there you may come to an Anchor To sayl from the Buoy of the Nower to Sheerness up the West-Swale First You must steer South-west by West then W.S.W. till you bring open a low Point upon the Isle of Graen called Black-stakes whereon standeth two little Houses Keep this Point and Sheer-ness one in another and you will sayl in the best of the Channel till you come to the Ness where you will find ten fathom close to it Cant. you may borrow upon the Cant in four or five fathom until you come within half a mile to the eastward of the Fort upon Sheerness Sheerness from whence runs off a Shoal about a Cables length of which care must be taken of not coming too near the Shore Being within the Ness you may come to an anchor where you please only the East side is all flar having but 1 2 3 and 4 fathom at low-water The South side of the Nower-sand is steep too Nower in nine and ten fathom close to the Sand and also near to the Ness is steep too in 10 11 and 12 fathom For to sayl into Quinborough If you be coming down the River of Thames and bound for Quinborough or the River of Medway and being come to the East end of the Nower-sand run down to the
the Buoy of the Searn is a good Road for Ships to ride in called the Gore Gore which is useful for Ships when they have not wind and weather to carry them over the Flats The Marks for the best Riding Marks for good anchorage Is to bring a Mill in the midst of a Wood near the Sea side and St. Peters Church in the midst of Westgate-bay together There is also a shoal called the Middle-ground at the Cliff end Middle-ground which lyeth a little below the Hook near the Shore on the South side on which there is but fourteen foot at low-water and on each side four fathom being a small narrow Ridge and lyeth E. N. E. and W. S. W. in longth three quarters of a mile The Mark to keep you clear Is to bring St. Peters Church over the East side of Westgate-bay or to bring the nethermost Tree on the next high Land to the westward of the Reculvers a little open to the southward This is also a good mark for the Hook downwards or from Margaret Sand upwards Margaret Sand lyeth before Marget and Westgate-bay on the North side of the Channel The East end of this Sand beareth from Marget Church North half westerly The Mark to go clear of the East end Is to bring Marget Steeple and the Wind-mill in one The depths you have along the Sand as you turn up and down are at the East end and so upward 9 8 7 6 5 fathom the greatest part of this Sand dries at low-water If you be to turn up in the Night between the Main and Marget-Sand you shall find by keeping of your Lead two Middle-grounds Middle-grounds upon the innermost Middle-ground you shall have five fathom and a half and to the southwards of it you shall have 6 7 or 8 fathom as the Tyde is high without the inner Middle-ground you shall have 8 9 or 10 fathom and then you shall have seven or eight as the Tyde is and without that nine or ten fathom and when it comes to shoal again you may be sure it is on the Sand and likewise the shoaling on the Main within the inner Middle-grounds these Middle-grounds do reach up to the Gore and the farther you come to the westwards the shoaler for they tayl unto the Searn and the Dry-sand without it which is called by some men the Girdler The Mark to Ride in Marget Road. The Mark to ride in Marget-Road Is to bring the Mill and Steeple together as far off the Shoar as you please to anchor The greatest part of Marget-sand dries at low-water from Marget-Town up to the Cliff end Above Birchington spits off several shoal places that must be taken care of in turning up and down especially at high-water near Marget stand no nearer the Shoar than six fathom and from Westgate-bay upward in five fathom The Mark to go clear of all the Spits below Marget-Town that runs off the Shoar on the North side of Foreland Is to keep the top of Marget-Steeple open above the Land and Fairness and Whiteness on the East side of the Foreland The Gore The Gore is a Road where Ships use to ride when they have not wind and weather to sayl over the Flats Marks of the best riding This Road is to the westward of the Hook of Marget-Sand and to the eastwards of the Buoy of the Searn The Mark for it Is to bring the Mill on the middle of a Wood near the Sea-side and St. Peters-Church in the middle of Westgate-bay Westgate-Bay Westgate-bay is a Road where Ships do use to ride A CHART of the NARROW SEAS Newly Corrected by Iohn Seller Hydrographer to the Kings most Excellent Majestie by reason there is more water and more drift and better ground for anchor-hold then is in the Gore The Mark for it Is to bring a Wind-mill on an old House in the middle of the Bay in seven or eight fathom water A Description of the Channels Black-Deeps The Black-deeps is a Channel that lyeth on the North-West side of the Pan-sands Pan-sands Girdler Long-sand Knock-John Girdler and the Longsand and runneth between them and the Shivering-sand Knock-John and the Sunk The westermost part of this Channel is but a mile in breadth viz. Betwixt the Shivering-sand and the Pan-sands Shivering-sand and all along the inside of the Shivering-sand you will have about ten fathom and on the outward side towards the Girdler several various depths but none less than seven fathom and all down the midst of the Channel you will have about fourteen and fifteen fathom unless it be toward the Sunk where you will have ten fathom The northermost Mouth of this Channel is near five miles betwixt the end of the Sunk and the Long-sand-head Barrow-Deeps The Barrow-deeps is a Channel that lyeth betwixt the Shivering-sand Knock-John and the East and West-barrows The North-east entrance into this Channel is about four miles broad and at the South-west entrance between the Mouse and the Shivering-sand it is about three miles In this Channel there be various depths of water as seven eight and nine fathom and in the midst of this Channel it is not above two miles broad The Narrow The Narrow is that Channel that runs between Marget-sand and the Main reaching from the North-foreland through the Buoys of the Woolpack and the Spell Woolpack and Spell in which Channel you will generally have five fathom in the midst at low-water The Swin The Swin is a Channel that leadeth from the Buoy of the Middle-ground up to the Buoy of the Nower having generally nine or ten fathom water in the midst of the Channel The Kings-Channel The Kings-Channel is a broad Channel that cometh out of the Sea from the northward and so passing upon the South-east side of the Gunfleet and the Northwest side of the Heaps and Middle-ground until it cometh into the Swin The Wallet The Wallet is a Channel that lyeth between the North-west side of the Gunfleet and the Main entring between the West-Rocks and the Buoy of the Gunfleet and cometh out again at the Spits The Spits The Spits is a Channel that passeth between the North-west end of the Gunfleet and the Buoy of the Buxey where at low-water is no more than six or eight foot and is but a quarter of a mile broad The marks to come in or out of the Wallet Is to bring the Steeple of Great-Holland which is a flat Steeple into a small Swamp in a red Cliff and then the Church will bear North half easterly and in going in you may steer North-east by North till your water deepen and then bear toward the Naze and the nearer you are to the Gunfleet the deeper water Directions to sayl from Margaret-Road to the North-Foreland and the Marks for both Channels in the Downs From Marget steer down alongst the Shore East and East by North as the Wind is but come no nearer the Shore than in seven or
on which there is not above seven fathom in some places if any should meet with this Shoal coming into the Channel it would fright them for within a league to the westwards of it there is 30 fathom and upwards Directions for Piloting a Ship in at the East end of the Isle of Wight and to Portsmouth-Harbour and also for Hampton-Water If you come from the eastwards with a northerly Wind and bound into the Isle of Wight or Portsmouth after you are come to the westwards of the Shoal called the Owers as by the aforesaid directions you may hale in North-west with St. Hellens Point but do not cover to hale too much to the northwards for there lyeth a Bank off Long-stone Haven to the eastwards of the Horse that hath not above thirteen foot on it at low-water but keeping of your Lead in seven or eight fathom carryeth you clear without it and will bring you to the South-east end of the Sand called the Horse Horse St. Hellens Church South-west by West from you you may run in in five fathom and when you have brought the westermost great white Patch or Chalk upon Parch-Down which is the high Land to the northwards of Portsmouth a Ships length to the westward of South-Sea-Castle that standeth upon the Beach then you may be bold to luff up for you are then to the Westwards of the Horse and steering with that Mark it will lead you in alongst the Horse until you come unto the Beach and so into the Harbour of Portsmouth keeping alongst close to the Shore until you come to the Town Walls end and there you must bear off a little for a Flat that lyeth off from the Shore this is for an easterly Wind. And if you intend for Stokes-bay when you have brought the Fire-Beacons on Brown down which is to the W. N. Westwards of Hazle-Wood Point within a Ships length without the said Point then you may bear to the westwards alongst the out-side of the Spit-head which is the Shoal that lyeth on the West side of the entry of Portsmouth-Haven If the Wind be westerly or southerly and that you are coming from the westwards and would go into St. Hellens-Road or Stokes-bay from Donnose to St. Hellens Point your course is North-east by North and N. N. E. but borrow no nearer to St. Hellens than six or seven fathom for the Spit lyeth off a great way but if it be clear Weather that you may keep the Castle called Sand-down-Castle open of the Culver-Cliff that Mark will lead you without the Spit of the Point and steering alongst in this Mark until you open St. Hellens Church some four Sayls breadth or two Ships length open of the Red Cliff within St. Hellens Point or Port-Sea-Castle to the eastwards of South-Sea-Castle then are you clear of the Point and may steer unto St. Hellens Road North-west and having brought the Point South by West or between that and the South by East you may anchor in seven or eight fathom very good ground Note this That you have no good clear ground all alongst the Island until you have opened St. Hellens Church as above-said and have brought the Point to bear from you S. S. W. from St. Hellens Point to go between nomans-Nomans-Land and the Herse your direct course in is North-west by North and North-west but you have no shoaling upon the South-west side on Nomans-Land for you shall have sixteen fathom and the next cast but three But at the Horse you may stand in ten nine or eight fathom if the strong Tyde be bent and smooth water you shall have a great washing of them by the Overfall of the water or the washing of them both but especially on Nomans-Land if it be clear Weather there are very good marks to lead you in which is as followeth Keep the two Wind-mills on the Downs on the Isle of Wight that you may see them clear over all the Trees that are between you and them but no more above them then even clear and this Mark will lead you in and so up alongst the Island without some Middle-ground that lyeth to the W. S. Westward of the Point of nomans-Nomans-Land Also from St. Hellens Point you have if it be clear Weather that you can see it a direct Mark viz. a piece of an old Castle heretofore called Hazle-Wood-Castle standing on Gilkeker Point which of late is kept white keep Gosbere Church and that both in one or this Mark in the middle of the Wood about the Church which sheweth with a Valley like a Saddle and so you may run directly in without fear or if the Wind be so that you are forced to turn in then you may turn the said Mark within two Sayls breadth of each end of the Wood in the middle of the Channel you shall have eighteen fathom Water and if so be that you bring the said Mark right under the North end of the Wood you shall run in a Middle-ground near the Horse that hath not above ten foot on it at low-water and hard Sand. The thwart Mark of Nomans-Land The thwart Mark of the northermost point of Nomans-Land is the eastermost Wind-mill upon the Isle of Wight right over the middle of the Valley that is next to the North-westwards of the Point to the Northwards of St. Hellens Church and having brought this Mill on the West side of the said Valley you may be sure you are to the westward or with Nomans-Land and may steer alongst the Island towards Stokes-bay or the Cows If you will anchor in Stokes-bay Marks to anthor in Stocks-bay bring South-Sea Castle over the Point of the Beach of Gilkeker for your longst Mark and the Church of Gosper open between the Trees there you shall have very good ground and twelve fathom deep If the Wind be westerly that you are forced to turn up to Stokes-bay or the Cows you may stand over to the Spâ—t-head into nine eight or seven fathom and towards the Isle of Wight into six or seven fathom but between Nomans-Land and Ridde you shall meet with two or three Middle-grounds on which you shall have three fathom at low-water and then six fathom and over the other two three fathom and the like depth between them and so to the Southward of them you shall have six fathom not far from the dry Owze off Ridde but upon the northermost Middle-ground of these three upon one place of it there is not above thirteen foot at low-water The thwart mark to run upon the height of it is the westermost white patch of Parch-down right over Hazle-Wood-Castle and when you are so far to the westwards that you have brought the Grove of Trees on Parch-down to the eastwards of the aforesaid white Patch right over Hazle-Wood-Castle then you shall have three fathom over it at low-water but if you anchor near the East Point there you shall have deeper Water and cannot set sayl to go out so well against
Allmountwise side it is bold and steep too If coming from the westward put in by a contrary Wind and bound for Cat-water between the Ram-head and Penley-point come not too near the Land for there lyeth a ledge of Rocks three or four Cables length and more from the Shore with the Spire Steeple right over a Hedge-Row also there lyeth a Rock a Cables length from Penley-point and being past that Point you may luff into Causon-bay and anchor there there is but very little good Ground except you be far into the Bay To sayl into Portsmouth If you go into Portsmouth you must go within a Stones cast of the Beach Marks to go into Porsmouth and keep the White Path open to the northward of the Castle going so near the Beach on the Starboard-side as that the old Church on Gosper-side may enter on the Point and so it carries you clear of the Shoals going in a little with the Gibbet To sayl within the Wight in thick Weather If you sayl between the Wight and the Main in thick weather you may borrow in six fathom off St. Hellens and steer N.W. by North and N.N.W. from St. Hellens Point until you have 12 fathom and then you steer more westerly as you may find your depth and come no nearer Nomans-Land than 9 or 10 fathom in that depth you may keep along the Wight side if the wind be southerly but if it be large you must keep in 14 or 15 fathom which will be a good birth from both sides and so steer West by South or W.S.W. as you find your depth until you come to the Cows Note That being about Stokes-bay you will have less water if you grow near to Cows there you may anchor in 12 or 14 fathom in the midst of the Channel where is good Oazy ground To sayl within the Isle of Wight coming from the East If you turn in at the Eastermost end of the Island to go in the Channel betwixt nomans-Nomans-Land and the Chain you must keep Gilkeker Tower in the middle of Cock-wood that is your leading Mark but if you turn in you may open it on each end of the Wood not opening it on either side you may stand over to the Main in seven or eight fathom and then about you must not stand longer towards either shore than 10 11 or 12 fathom for it is steep too and the next cast you may be aground From St. Hellens Point being the eastermost Point of the Isle of Wight runneth off a Riff E. N. E. two miles into the Sea when the Culver-Cliff is hid behind the North-east Point of the Island then are you within this Riff come no nearer it than seven or eight fathom Within the Riff in the Fair-way Marks of the Horse between the Island and the Main lyeth a Shoal called the Horse The Marks for it are these When South-Sea-Castle and a square Steeple within the Land are both in one then are you thwart of it The Mark to go clear of it is to keep Portsmouth-Castle on the West side of the Wood this Mark will carry you betwixt the Horse and the Main on it at low-water you will have but ten foot about it is good shoaling come therefore no nearer than five or six fathom When St. Hellens Church beareth South-west by West from you then the South-east end of the Horse bears North-east by North and the West end North by East from you To sayl to the westward from St. Hellens To sayl to the westward from St. Hellens Keep no nearer the Shore than you can see the Windmills which stand on the High-Land of the Wight open of the said Land lest you come on the broad Sand called Nomans-Land which lyeth from the Point of Newport-Road eastward alongst the Shore which falleth dry at low-water but close aboard of it you will have twelve fathom when the Town of Ride and the Windmill which standeth S. S. W. from it are both in one then are you thwart the midst of it if you come so near the Shore that the aforesaid Windmills be hid with the Land then will you be aground against it but as long as they are open you need not fear Cous-Road is the best Harbour in the Wight betwixt it and Calshot-Castle lyeth a hard Shoal nearest the North Shore in the Fairway Brambles called the Brambles and reacheth as far thwart as Newport at low-water and Spring-tydes it falleth almost dry then you may know it by the Seas breaking over it to avoid which keep close to the Island until you come into Cows-Road To sayl into Stokes-Bay If you go into Stokes-bay you must leave South-Sea-Castle on Hyant-Wood or the Wood to the Northeastward of Portsmouth and then steer in with the Old Castle that is to the eastward of Stokes-bay keeping it somewhat on the Starboard-side and so bear in till you bring the Windmill on Porch-down half a Sayls breadth to the westwards of the White Cliff and so you may anchor in the best of the Bay in seven or eight fathom Also you may go up to the Cows Cows-Road if you steer with it keep the Island side and anchor with the Castle South-west from you the fourth part of a mile from the Shore also you may steer down W. S. W. with Yarmouth-Fore Yarmouth Road. and anchor S. S. W. from it half a mile off the Shore in seven fathom The deepest Water between the Cows and Stokes-bay is fifteen or sixteen fathom and between the Cows and Hurst-Castle fifteen and eighteen fathom Also you may anchor with Hurst-Castle South-west by West Hurst-Castle half a mile from the Shore in eight or nine fathom or W.S.W. it being all good ground To sayl into Hampton-Water both from the East and West and also to be between the Sand called the Brambles and the Main If coming from the Eastwards after you are past Brown-down which is to the westwards of Stokes-bay borrow upon the Main in three three and a half and four fathom as you have Tyde under you but three fathom at low-water is the best depth and steer away North-west by West and North-west and ware off and on in that depth and it will direct you in if it be in the Night or foggy Weather but if it be clear that you can see the Town of Hampton keep also the Town open of the Point of Beach on Hamble-side by St. Georges Castle and steering in that Mark you need not use your Lead until you come almost unto Calshot-Castle and the Main of Hamble there the Spit of Owze lyeth fair off but fair shoaling upon it and being above the Castle you shall have nine or ten fathom and anchor where you please If you come from the westward in a Ship of draught and bound for Hampton-Water or from out of Cows-Road you must be careful to keep clear of the Sand called the Brambles which is a long Sand that lyeth thwart of
in the midst of the Channel there is best lying for Ships that draw much water Four leagues South-west by South from Foy lyeth a Point called Dead-mans-head Dead-mans-head and two leagues to the westward of it lyeth the Haven of Falmouth Dead-mans-head is a double Land with a round Hill which to the westwards goeth sloping down towards the West end standeth a Mill a sharp spire Steeple and some little Houses upon the Lead a little to the westward of it you may see Pendennis-Castle upon a round Hommock on the high-Land this Land is easie to be known when you come from the West or from the Lizard Upon the West Point of the Haven of Falmouth Falmouth standeth a Castle upon the high-high-Land called Pendennis in the Entry nearest the said West side lyeth a great Rock above-water you may sayl in on either side of it at the inner side of the East Point lie also some Rocks off the Shore on the East side is deepest water and most room in going in therefore give the East Point a large Birth you will have seven or eight fathom St. Mauds Castle keep by the said Shore until you come within St. Mandes Castle When it is East from you you will have sixteen or seventeen fathom but half the Harbour over towards Smithick is but four or five fathom observe in your going in to keep the Manacles open and shut on the Point of Falmouth-Castle and so must you keep it till you shut the Church over Penny-Comquick into the North-east end of the Smithick and so may you bear over to St. Maudes and ride with the Castle East laying one Anchor in eighteen fathom and the westermost Anchor in four fathom as you see conveniency For to sayl to the westwards of the foresaid great Rock you must take the Soundings of the West-land which the Castle standeth upon in five or six fathom being somewhat within the Rock run towards the West-land to the westwards of the Rock in the Channel is six and seven fathom at half-flood but in the Channel to the eastwards of the Rock seven and eight fathom as is before mentioned If when you come before St. Maudes Castle you would go into Mildrid-Pool Mildrod-Pool you must steer over into four or five fathom on the West side till you shut the Point of the Manacles into the Castle and open it not for fear of the Point of the Mase on the East side until you shut Penny-Comquick into the East Point of Smithick and then steer on the East side into twelve or thirteen fathom against the middle Hedge end on the East Point of Mildred-Pool for then you shall have shoal water but the lower down the deeper Note that Moagan Church which is above Penny-Comquick being entred on the southermost House of the said Town then are you near the South side of the Mase Four leagues South by West from Falmouth lyeth the East Point of the Lizard betwixt them lyeth a Haven called Helford which Ships do little frequent At the South side of the Haven lyeth a steep Point and on the North side a low sharp Point within the Haven on the South side standeth a Gentlemans House beneath at the Strand and upon the Hill stand Trees you must keep these one in the other and run so amidst the Channel into the entry of the Haven on the North side stand also two or three Trees when these come a Ships length to the westward of a little House that standeth in a white sandy Bay thereupon you may sayl in also amidst the Channel which is a short Inlet being come within you may anchor in 6 or 7 fathom upon the South side standeth also a sharp Tower and on the North side a little Castle on the steep Land To sayl into Mounts-Bay If you be coming out of Falmouth bound to the westward as into Mounts-bay with an easterly wind be not covetous of keeping too near the Lizard Shore especially at the Manacles for there be sunken Rocks without the Manacles To avoid which open the Land short of them you shall see a Spire Steeple called St. Keveren be sure therefore to keep so far off the shore that you may see all the Spire of the said Steeple above the Land and so shall you go without them clear of danger until you come to the Lizard point from whence there lyeth a ledge of Rocks which all shew themselves at low-water A Description of the Sea Coast of England 〈…〉 Newly Corrected by Iohn Seller 〈…〉 A Chart of the West part of England from Portland to Silly describing all the Roads Havens and Harbors with all the Sands depths and Soundings along the Coast newly Corrected by John Seller And are to be Sold at his Shop at the Signe of the Marrinors Compass at the Hermitage Stayres in Wapping For to sayl into Mounts-bay coming from the Lands-end or the Lizard the Ground is very clear all over and fine Sand until you come within a mile of the Shore between 20 and 23 fathom To ride at Anchor in Guavas-Lake You must be so far to the westward as that you have the Steeple of Paul to bear from you W. N. W. but if being far to the eastward that the said Church doth stand N. W. by North somewhat westerly from you then you have no clear Ground being near the West-Land run in from St. Clements-Island which lyeth before the Town of Mouse-hole for it is very clear Ground then the Castle will be on the Starboard side a great way distant which Castle is foul round about being come within St. Clements-Island you shall see within it a great sandy Bay anchor there in seven or eight fathom South-East and E.S.E. Winds do blow there right open in for all other Winds you lie there Land-lockt Four leagues to the westward of Mounts-bay lyeth the Lands-end of England which lyeth from the Lizard W.N.W. distant 9 or 10 leagues Directions to sayl into Silly Silly is divided into divers Island alongst the West side lyeth a great multitude of Rocks you may go in there through divers Channels or Sounds but the southermost St. Maries-Sound called St. Maries-sound is the best being a fair opening of a Channel but near the midst lie two sunken Rocks in soul weather you may see the Sea break over them it is best to leave them on the Larboard-side going in and on the Starboard-side coming out and go so near the Starboard-shore as that you may but see the Wind-mill-Sweeps which standeth on the Hill or that you may almost throw a Stone ashore and when you come within the Point luff up round and come to anchor in sight of the Houses or when you have brought the Town open of the Valley leave two thirds of the Harbour on your Larboard-side Thwart of Smiths-Island lyeth a Ledge of Rocks called Bartholomen-Ledge A Ledge of Rocks when you come to the Block-house that standeth on the Water-side
a Cables length off the Shore thwart lyeth a sunken Rock called the Woolman Woolman The leading Mark to go clear of it is two Rocks which lie on the West side within the Haven the one to wit the innermost is somewhat greater than the other if you bring them one in the other or the northermost a little open to the eastward of the other so as that you may see between them keeping them so sayl right in then you need not fear the Woolman Remember that you ride not too near the Island for it is all foul ground but upon Crow-sand and between that and the northermost Rock is clear ground then the Point of St. Maries will bear from you E. S. E. and the Broad-Sound will be open from the South-west by West to the West by South but if you will ride near the North-Rock you shall have it but two Points open St. Maries Sound close but then you shall not get out of St. Maries Sound if the Wind blow at South-west Smiths-Sound is very dangerous except a man be forced to it I would advise him not to make use of the Channel there is water enough but it is very narrow keep therefore in the middle of it it lyeth North-west The Ground of Silly is somewhat stony and some red Shells in it Directions for sayling in the Channel betwixt England and France in thick and dark Weather If you be sure by your reckoning height and depth that you are entred into the Channel to the eastward of the Lizard be not fearful but bear over to the English Shore so that the Wind be at S. S. W. or South by West until you come to 45 or 46 fathom then steer away E.N.E. and East by North and steering so and keeping your Lead when you come to be thwart of the Start you shall have 44 or 43 fathom and fine white Sand then are you between 4 and 5 leagues from the Shore but to be the more certain where you are when you come to this white Sand steer away E.N.E. keeping your Lead every hour at least until you come to 35 fathom black peppery Sand then you are right and may boldly say that you are some four leagues off the Berry it bearing from you N. W. by North then steer away East by North still wetting your Lead and when you come to be thwart of Lime you shall have 33 fathom fishing ground and still steering East by North before you come near Portland in the same depth your ground will be somewhat red like unto green Lime Ballast continue your course East by North and when you come near unto Portland the ground will be small shingle stones and thwart of Portland the stones will be as big as Reans or Pease and 32 or 33 fathom then are you between 3 and 4 leagues and still continuing your course it will carry you so far without Donnose or the Isle of Wight thwart of St. Albans you shall have 27 fathom and thwart of the Body of the Wight 20 fathom and thwart of Donnose 18 fathom and so the Owers Note That all the Coast between St. Albons and the Owers there will be little or nothing come up only dents in the Tallow and some blown Sand that will crumble between your fingers but continuing your course so soon as you are past the Owers you shall deepen your water to 26 or 30 fathom small gravelly Sand and fishing Ground and coming towards Beachy or thwart of Shorum in your course you shall have 36 fathom and near thwart of Beachy 33 fathom then steer away E. N. E. being by your judgment past Beacby then edge or bear over to the Coast of England still keeping your Lead till you come to 20 18 or 16 fathom as the Wind is and being in 16 fathom steer away E. N. E. and that Birth will carry you a fair Birth off the Ness yet although you be in thirteen fathom your course will carry you without the Ness and when you draw near unto the Ness you will find eighteen or twenty fathom shingly Ground and continuing still this course you will come to have 22 fathom fine white Sand then you may be sure you are to the eastward of the Ness and may steer away North-east and North-east by North with the said Foreland or edge into the Shore in 10 11 or 12 fathom and that depth will lead you along the Coast and will carry you unto the Downs but coming to be past the South-Foreland you must borrow upon the Land into six or seven fathom But if you would pass through on the back side of the Goodwin from 22 fathom fine white Sand steer North-east and North-east by East â— or keep your self in eighteen fathom and you go without the Sand fourteen fathom goes right with it Note That between Foulstone and the North-sand-head the Ground is all one Thus sheweth the Land on the West-Coasts of England from the Downs to Silly Thus sheweth Dover when you sayl to the westwards of the Vane or Ripraps Thus sheweth the North-Foreland when you sayl towards it from the Downs Thus sheweth Fairlee when you sayl by it Thus sheweth Fairlee when you sayl from the westwards Thus sheweth Beachy when you sayl from the West Thus sheweth Beachy with the seven Clifts when you sayl by them coming from the West Thus sheweth the Island Wight when you sayl by it being distant three or four leagues Thus sheweth St. albons-Albons-Land with Portland to the westwards when you sayl by it Thus sheweth Portland when you come from the West Thus sheweth Portland when it is North by West six leagues from you Thus sheweth Portland when you come from the East Thus sheweth the Land to the westward of Portland when you sayl by it Thus sheweth the Land betwixt Torbay and the Start The Start Dartmouth Torbay Thus sheweth the Land betwixt Torbay and the Start when the Start is South-west by West from you Start Dartmouth Torbay Thus sheweth the Land between Torbay and the Start when the Start is W.S.W. from you Torbay Torbay Torbay Torbay Thus sheweth the Point of Torbay in divers forms according as you are to the northward or southward of it This Figure and the Figure that followeth belong one to the other and should joyn where they are marked with the Crosses Torbay Apsom Thus sheweth Dartmouth as this Figure and the Figure foregoing expresseth it when you are right thwart of it a league or two from the Land the Land being on both sides of it as well toward the Start as Torbay and to the northwards of it The Start Thus sheweth the Start being North from you two or three leagues Thus sheweth the Start being North seven leagues from you This open will be shut to when you sayl to the westwards This open will be shut to when you sayl to the westwards The Start Thus sheweth the Start when it is North-east from you and then the Point goeth flat