lyeth a Buoy which lyeth from the Sporn West by South half southerly seven miles and from the Buoy of the Bull East by South four miles and a half Sonk The Sonk is a Sand that lyeth on the North side of the River almost as far down as the Sporn if going up on the South side you bring Pauls-Tower open of the Red-Cliff to the eastward then you are clear or about the Tayl of the Sonk Holms The Holms is a Sand which lyeth about a mile from the shore The East end cometh within the Tayl of the Sonk and on the West end lyeth a Buoy which beareth South a mile and half from Pauls-Church and from the Buoy of the Bull North-west by West about thirteen miles The Dogger-Bank East from the Sporn-head six leagues lyeth the westermost corner off of the Dogger-Bank from which it extendeth it self North-East by East 77 leagues the eastermost end being but 17 leagues South-west by West from Rinkopper-deep in Jutland the breadth of this Sand is 11 leagues on the westermost end hereof you will have 10 9 11 12 and 13 fathom but towards the East end 14 15 18 20 and at the Point of it 25 fathom on the North side you will have 50 46 45 40 fathom on the South side 28 and 26 fathom Crouch-Bank In the mid-way between Flamborough-head and the Naze lyeth this great Bank North by East and South by West in the Sea being in length 35 leagues the South end hereof is distant from the Dogger-bank five leagues and from Flamborrough-head North-east half easterly 39 leagues on the South end of this Bank is 22 in the middle 38 39 and on the North end 28 fathoms which beareth from the Naze W. S. W. 39 leagues The White-bank About twenty leagues North from Friezland lyeth the White-bank being in length 27 leagues and in breadth five leagues being distant from the Dogger-bank 13 leagues lying East by North and West by South in the Sea on the West end is 23 fathom and on the South end 22. The White-water North-West by West fourteen leagues from the Texel lyeth a Bank called the White-water lying North-east by East and South-west by South in the Sea being in length ten leagues on which is sixteen fathom the West end being distant from the Well seven leagues where you will have 24 and 25 fathom and between it and the Dogger-bank 27 and 28 fathom The Well North-east by North from Wintertonness about eleven leagues lyeth the Well being a large square Bank in length 13 leagues and in breadth 10 the ground whereof is very uneven where at the first cast you will have 12 the next 16 and in some places 22 fathom between it and the Dogger-Bank from which it is distant about four leagues near the said Well 30 and 24 near the Dogger 51 44 30 and 28 fathom between it and the Bread-bank 23 and 24 fathom and between it and the English shore 20 26 and 24 fathom A Description of the Sands Shoals Buoys Beacons and Sea-Marks upon the Coast of England from the Buoy of the Nower to Dover The Flats THE Flats are so called by reason of their general flatness on which you may sayl 4 or 5 miles and not alter one foot in depth In the course from the Narrow to the Red-sand you may have ten foot water to the eastward in some holes you have fifteen and sixteen foot water The Dangers that are in these Flats are discoursed of in their place for he that keeps himself on the Course that leads from the Buoy of the Wool-pack to the Buoy of the Red-sand which is North-west by West a quarter North if he take Tyde according to the draught of his Ship shall not meet with any dangers The Gilman The Gilman is a Shoal that lyeth up from the Buoy of the Spell W.N.W. about five miles and a quarter of a mile South-east by South from the East end of the Spaniard and falls dry on Spring-tydes He that keepeth in the Course that leadeth from the Buoy of the Woolpack to the Buoy of the Red-sand will not come near it This Shoal is noted in the Draught with the Letter C. The Spaniard The Spaniard is a Sand that takes its beginning from Sheppy-Island and runs down East by North until the Buoy of the Red-sand is North-west by North from the East end of it a mile and a half distance a good part of this Sand falls dry And he that keeps the West end of St. Nicholas-Wood in the Gore open to the eastwards of the Reculvers-steeple will not come near this Sand. Between this and the Red-sand runs down the first Depths where there is 5 6 7 and 8 fathoms the more to the eastward the deeper water The Red-sand and Buoy The Red-sand is very long on the East end whereof lies a Buoy to direct them clear to the North of it into the Channel betwixt this Sand and the Oaze-edge which leads towards London or downward over the Flats the North side of this Sand from the Buoy upwards is steep too but indifferent shoaling This Buoy lies from the Buoy of the Oaze-edge East half North and West Marks of the Buoy half South about three or four miles The Mark on the Land for this Buoy is to bring the Lands-end South-west and St. Nicholas-Wood open to the Reculvers or to bring the Reculvers South-east The eastermost end of this Sand lies out with two Tongues upon the northermost of which is placed a Buoy The Oaze-edge and Buoy The Oaze-edge is a Sand that lies to the northward of the Red-sand and lies E.N.E. and W.S.W. containing about 4 miles in length and half a mile in breadth The Channel betwixt this and the Red-sand is in some part more and in some less then a mile broad The South side of this Sand is steep too and the deepest part in the Channel is nine and ten fathom At the West end of it lies a Buoy and bears North by East from the Lands-end Mouse-hole Church on the North-east of Sheppy then Mouse-hole Church is open to the Eastward of the said Lands-end from this Buoy to the Buoy of the Nower the Course is West a quarter South about five miles The Spile The Spile is a small round Sand and lies almost thwart the Buoy of the Oaze-edge to the southward on the North side of the West-tayl of the Red-sand you have but six foot at low-water and lies very dangeâ—ously The Buoy of the Woolpack The Buoy of the Woolpack is the westermost Buoy in the Narrow on the North side of the Channel Marks of this Buoy and lyeth on the West Spit of the Woolpack-sand and bears from Reculvers-sleeple North by West then you have two little Hills like two Paps on the upper Land to the southwards just open and shut to the Reculvers-sleeple This Buoy is noted in the Draught with the Letter x. The Buoy of the Spell The Buoy of the Spell
Knock-John having a small swatch that runs through betwixt them dividing them into two Sands but is not fit for ships to pass through This Sand dries in several places and is half and three quarters of a mile broad East-Barrows The East-barrows is the North-east part of the whole Barrows-sand and lies down from the North-east end of the West-barrows North-east by East about four miles in two several Sands one at the end of the other the South-west end of them tayling upwards Beatings of this Sand. On the North-west side of the North-east end of the West-barrows is a small swatch passing between them also between the two East-barrows there is a swatch where small Vessels that are acquainted do pass through both these Sands fall dry at low-water and are in length about four miles the South side of these two Sands is steep the North-west more bolder yet something steep The North-east end of these doth bear from the Naze South by East ten miles distant The Channel betwixt this and the Heaps is a mile broad in which you have 7 8 9 and 10 fathom water and in one place a cross Ridge lies thwart the Channel where there is but two and three fathoms West-Barrows The West-Barrows is the South-west part of the whole Barrows-sand there being some Swatches two third parts down to the North-eastwards that divides this Sand which makes it to be called the East and West-Barrows That part which is called the West-Barrows begins at the North-east end of the Mouse and lyeth down North-east and South-west it falls dry in several places at low-water and is steep too on both sides on the South-east side there is seven and eight fathom close to the Sand but on the North-west side you have ten eleven and twelve fathom close to it This Sand is in length six or seven miles and betwixt it and the Shivering-sand you have in the middle nine ten and eleven fathom this Sand dries in several places amongst all these Sands it flows South by East The Mouse The Mouse is a Sand that lyeth from the Body of the Oaze-edge North-east about a mile between them is a Channel where is seven or eight fathom water and lower down to the eastward there is nine or ten fathom A Draught of the SANDS CHANNELS BUOYES BEACONS AND SEA-MARKS upon the Coast of ENGLAND From the Southforeland to Orfordness Discovered by Capt gilbert Crane and Capt Tho Browne elder Bretheren of Trinity House The Sea Coast Survâ—â—ghed by Ionas Moor Esquire Published by the Special License and Aprobation of his Royal Highness the DUKE OF YORK Made and Sold by John Seller Hidrographer to the Kings most Excellent Majesty in Wapping London This Sand is between three and four miles long and half a mile broad being steep too on both sides It lies in length E. N. F. and W. S. W. and joyns to the West-Barrows only a small Swatch runneth betwixt them The North-east end of this Sand bears N. N. W. 〈…〉 two miles and a half from the South-west of the Shivering-sand A Description of the Sands Shoals Rocks and Dangers upon the South Coast of England between Dover and Silly The Vane or Ripraps THE Vane or Ripraps is a Bank that lyeth a little to the southwards of the Heads of Calice and Dever some-what nearer to the French-Coast it is but narrow but in length it is four leagues lying about N. N. E. and S. S. W. and so windeth it self southerly toward the Land of Bulleyn bearing West by South from Calice-Cliff and South by East from Dover The North-eastermost end is the shoalest not having more than nine 10 or 11 foot at low-water On both sides of this Bank as well to the eastwards as the westwards thereof you will have 20 22 23 and 24 fathom water betwixt this Bank and the Land lyeth also two or three Shoals but not very dangerous having three fathom and a half or four fathom at low-water Easterborrough-Head South of Arundel about six or seven miles Easterborrough-Head lyeth a Bank called Easterborrough-head which dryeth at low-water and at Spring-tydes about a furlong being Rocks and Shindles To avoid this danger if you be bound to the southward from Sborum run S. S. W. into the Sea until you get eighteen fathom and then you may steer boldly W. S. W. and that course will lead you without the Owers also close by this Shoal you will have fifteen fathom from this to the Owers it is almost two leagues W. S. W. come no nearer than in twelve or thirteen fathom and that depth will carry you without the Owers A Ledge of Rocks Between Easterborrough and the Owers lyeth a Ledge of Rocks on which there is not above six foot at low-water This Ledge is half a league to the North-west from Easterborrough-head The Owers W. S. W. five leagues from Arundel Owers thirteen leagues West by South somewhat westerly from Beachy about four leagues to the eastwards of the Wight and half a league from the Shore lyeth the Owers being alwayes under water The thwart Mark is when Chichester Spire-steeple is N. N. W. Marks from you then are you thwart the souther side of it For a longst Mark set the Point of Dunness with your Compass it will bear direct West by South half southerly Dunness W.S.W. is right upon them To avoid the danger hereof if you be coming from the eastwards with a northerly wind be sure to keep in 18 fathom water or more also coming from the westward you must come no nearer than East by North keeping your self in the aforesaid depth Many have been deceived coming from Dunness which steered East by North and E. N. E. not regarding that the latter part of the tyde sets into the Isle of Wight which were brought on the Owers unexpectedly If you are acquainted with them you may sayl to the northwards between them and the Land The Black-Rocks From St. Hellens-point Black-Rock being the eastermost Point of the Isle of Wight runneth off a Riff E. N. E. two miles into the Sea called the Black-Rocks when Calver-Cliff is hid behind the North-east Point of the Island then are you within this Riff come no nearer it than in seven or eight fathom The Horse Within the foresaid Riff in the Fair-way Horse between the Island and the Main lyeth a Shoal called the Horse The Marks for it are when South-sea Castle and a square Steeple within the Land are both in one then are you thwart it The Mark to go clear Marks is to keep Portsmouth Castle on the West side of the Wood this Mark will carry you between the Horse and the Main on it at low water you will have but ten foot About it is good shoaling come therefore no nearer it than in five or six fathoms When St. Helens Church bears S.W. by West from you then the South-east end of the Horse bears North-east by North
on which there is not above seven fathom in some places if any should meet with this Shoal coming into the Channel it would fright them for within a league to the westwards of it there is 30 fathom and upwards Directions for Piloting a Ship in at the East end of the Isle of Wight and to Portsmouth-Harbour and also for Hampton-Water If you come from the eastwards with a northerly Wind and bound into the Isle of Wight or Portsmouth after you are come to the westwards of the Shoal called the Owers as by the aforesaid directions you may hale in North-west with St. Hellens Point but do not cover to hale too much to the northwards for there lyeth a Bank off Long-stone Haven to the eastwards of the Horse that hath not above thirteen foot on it at low-water but keeping of your Lead in seven or eight fathom carryeth you clear without it and will bring you to the South-east end of the Sand called the Horse Horse St. Hellens Church South-west by West from you you may run in in five fathom and when you have brought the westermost great white Patch or Chalk upon Parch-Down which is the high Land to the northwards of Portsmouth a Ships length to the westward of South-Sea-Castle that standeth upon the Beach then you may be bold to luff up for you are then to the Westwards of the Horse and steering with that Mark it will lead you in alongst the Horse until you come unto the Beach and so into the Harbour of Portsmouth keeping alongst close to the Shore until you come to the Town Walls end and there you must bear off a little for a Flat that lyeth off from the Shore this is for an easterly Wind. And if you intend for Stokes-bay when you have brought the Fire-Beacons on Brown down which is to the W. N. Westwards of Hazle-Wood Point within a Ships length without the said Point then you may bear to the westwards alongst the out-side of the Spit-head which is the Shoal that lyeth on the West side of the entry of Portsmouth-Haven If the Wind be westerly or southerly and that you are coming from the westwards and would go into St. Hellens-Road or Stokes-bay from Donnose to St. Hellens Point your course is North-east by North and N. N. E. but borrow no nearer to St. Hellens than six or seven fathom for the Spit lyeth off a great way but if it be clear Weather that you may keep the Castle called Sand-down-Castle open of the Culver-Cliff that Mark will lead you without the Spit of the Point and steering alongst in this Mark until you open St. Hellens Church some four Sayls breadth or two Ships length open of the Red Cliff within St. Hellens Point or Port-Sea-Castle to the eastwards of South-Sea-Castle then are you clear of the Point and may steer unto St. Hellens Road North-west and having brought the Point South by West or between that and the South by East you may anchor in seven or eight fathom very good ground Note this That you have no good clear ground all alongst the Island until you have opened St. Hellens Church as above-said and have brought the Point to bear from you S. S. W. from St. Hellens Point to go between nomans-Nomans-Land and the Herse your direct course in is North-west by North and North-west but you have no shoaling upon the South-west side on Nomans-Land for you shall have sixteen fathom and the next cast but three But at the Horse you may stand in ten nine or eight fathom if the strong Tyde be bent and smooth water you shall have a great washing of them by the Overfall of the water or the washing of them both but especially on Nomans-Land if it be clear Weather there are very good marks to lead you in which is as followeth Keep the two Wind-mills on the Downs on the Isle of Wight that you may see them clear over all the Trees that are between you and them but no more above them then even clear and this Mark will lead you in and so up alongst the Island without some Middle-ground that lyeth to the W. S. Westward of the Point of nomans-Nomans-Land Also from St. Hellens Point you have if it be clear Weather that you can see it a direct Mark viz. a piece of an old Castle heretofore called Hazle-Wood-Castle standing on Gilkeker Point which of late is kept white keep Gosbere Church and that both in one or this Mark in the middle of the Wood about the Church which sheweth with a Valley like a Saddle and so you may run directly in without fear or if the Wind be so that you are forced to turn in then you may turn the said Mark within two Sayls breadth of each end of the Wood in the middle of the Channel you shall have eighteen fathom Water and if so be that you bring the said Mark right under the North end of the Wood you shall run in a Middle-ground near the Horse that hath not above ten foot on it at low-water and hard Sand. The thwart Mark of Nomans-Land The thwart Mark of the northermost point of Nomans-Land is the eastermost Wind-mill upon the Isle of Wight right over the middle of the Valley that is next to the North-westwards of the Point to the Northwards of St. Hellens Church and having brought this Mill on the West side of the said Valley you may be sure you are to the westward or with Nomans-Land and may steer alongst the Island towards Stokes-bay or the Cows If you will anchor in Stokes-bay Marks to anthor in Stocks-bay bring South-Sea Castle over the Point of the Beach of Gilkeker for your longst Mark and the Church of Gosper open between the Trees there you shall have very good ground and twelve fathom deep If the Wind be westerly that you are forced to turn up to Stokes-bay or the Cows you may stand over to the Spâ—t-head into nine eight or seven fathom and towards the Isle of Wight into six or seven fathom but between Nomans-Land and Ridde you shall meet with two or three Middle-grounds on which you shall have three fathom at low-water and then six fathom and over the other two three fathom and the like depth between them and so to the Southward of them you shall have six fathom not far from the dry Owze off Ridde but upon the northermost Middle-ground of these three upon one place of it there is not above thirteen foot at low-water The thwart mark to run upon the height of it is the westermost white patch of Parch-down right over Hazle-Wood-Castle and when you are so far to the westwards that you have brought the Grove of Trees on Parch-down to the eastwards of the aforesaid white Patch right over Hazle-Wood-Castle then you shall have three fathom over it at low-water but if you anchor near the East Point there you shall have deeper Water and cannot set sayl to go out so well against
Allmountwise side it is bold and steep too If coming from the westward put in by a contrary Wind and bound for Cat-water between the Ram-head and Penley-point come not too near the Land for there lyeth a ledge of Rocks three or four Cables length and more from the Shore with the Spire Steeple right over a Hedge-Row also there lyeth a Rock a Cables length from Penley-point and being past that Point you may luff into Causon-bay and anchor there there is but very little good Ground except you be far into the Bay To sayl into Portsmouth If you go into Portsmouth you must go within a Stones cast of the Beach Marks to go into Porsmouth and keep the White Path open to the northward of the Castle going so near the Beach on the Starboard-side as that the old Church on Gosper-side may enter on the Point and so it carries you clear of the Shoals going in a little with the Gibbet To sayl within the Wight in thick Weather If you sayl between the Wight and the Main in thick weather you may borrow in six fathom off St. Hellens and steer N.W. by North and N.N.W. from St. Hellens Point until you have 12 fathom and then you steer more westerly as you may find your depth and come no nearer Nomans-Land than 9 or 10 fathom in that depth you may keep along the Wight side if the wind be southerly but if it be large you must keep in 14 or 15 fathom which will be a good birth from both sides and so steer West by South or W.S.W. as you find your depth until you come to the Cows Note That being about Stokes-bay you will have less water if you grow near to Cows there you may anchor in 12 or 14 fathom in the midst of the Channel where is good Oazy ground To sayl within the Isle of Wight coming from the East If you turn in at the Eastermost end of the Island to go in the Channel betwixt nomans-Nomans-Land and the Chain you must keep Gilkeker Tower in the middle of Cock-wood that is your leading Mark but if you turn in you may open it on each end of the Wood not opening it on either side you may stand over to the Main in seven or eight fathom and then about you must not stand longer towards either shore than 10 11 or 12 fathom for it is steep too and the next cast you may be aground From St. Hellens Point being the eastermost Point of the Isle of Wight runneth off a Riff E. N. E. two miles into the Sea when the Culver-Cliff is hid behind the North-east Point of the Island then are you within this Riff come no nearer it than seven or eight fathom Within the Riff in the Fair-way Marks of the Horse between the Island and the Main lyeth a Shoal called the Horse The Marks for it are these When South-Sea-Castle and a square Steeple within the Land are both in one then are you thwart of it The Mark to go clear of it is to keep Portsmouth-Castle on the West side of the Wood this Mark will carry you betwixt the Horse and the Main on it at low-water you will have but ten foot about it is good shoaling come therefore no nearer than five or six fathom When St. Hellens Church beareth South-west by West from you then the South-east end of the Horse bears North-east by North and the West end North by East from you To sayl to the westward from St. Hellens To sayl to the westward from St. Hellens Keep no nearer the Shore than you can see the Windmills which stand on the High-Land of the Wight open of the said Land lest you come on the broad Sand called Nomans-Land which lyeth from the Point of Newport-Road eastward alongst the Shore which falleth dry at low-water but close aboard of it you will have twelve fathom when the Town of Ride and the Windmill which standeth S. S. W. from it are both in one then are you thwart the midst of it if you come so near the Shore that the aforesaid Windmills be hid with the Land then will you be aground against it but as long as they are open you need not fear Cous-Road is the best Harbour in the Wight betwixt it and Calshot-Castle lyeth a hard Shoal nearest the North Shore in the Fairway Brambles called the Brambles and reacheth as far thwart as Newport at low-water and Spring-tydes it falleth almost dry then you may know it by the Seas breaking over it to avoid which keep close to the Island until you come into Cows-Road To sayl into Stokes-Bay If you go into Stokes-bay you must leave South-Sea-Castle on Hyant-Wood or the Wood to the Northeastward of Portsmouth and then steer in with the Old Castle that is to the eastward of Stokes-bay keeping it somewhat on the Starboard-side and so bear in till you bring the Windmill on Porch-down half a Sayls breadth to the westwards of the White Cliff and so you may anchor in the best of the Bay in seven or eight fathom Also you may go up to the Cows Cows-Road if you steer with it keep the Island side and anchor with the Castle South-west from you the fourth part of a mile from the Shore also you may steer down W. S. W. with Yarmouth-Fore Yarmouth Road. and anchor S. S. W. from it half a mile off the Shore in seven fathom The deepest Water between the Cows and Stokes-bay is fifteen or sixteen fathom and between the Cows and Hurst-Castle fifteen and eighteen fathom Also you may anchor with Hurst-Castle South-west by West Hurst-Castle half a mile from the Shore in eight or nine fathom or W.S.W. it being all good ground To sayl into Hampton-Water both from the East and West and also to be between the Sand called the Brambles and the Main If coming from the Eastwards after you are past Brown-down which is to the westwards of Stokes-bay borrow upon the Main in three three and a half and four fathom as you have Tyde under you but three fathom at low-water is the best depth and steer away North-west by West and North-west and ware off and on in that depth and it will direct you in if it be in the Night or foggy Weather but if it be clear that you can see the Town of Hampton keep also the Town open of the Point of Beach on Hamble-side by St. Georges Castle and steering in that Mark you need not use your Lead until you come almost unto Calshot-Castle and the Main of Hamble there the Spit of Owze lyeth fair off but fair shoaling upon it and being above the Castle you shall have nine or ten fathom and anchor where you please If you come from the westward in a Ship of draught and bound for Hampton-Water or from out of Cows-Road you must be careful to keep clear of the Sand called the Brambles which is a long Sand that lyeth thwart of
the Cows-Road or reacheth from the Southwest Point of the Red-Cliff on Bully-side to the eastward of Calshot-Castle on the which there is not above three foot at low-water on a Spring-tyde it lyeth two thirds of the Channel from the Island steer from the Cows-Road North-east by North and North-East until you have brought the whole Town of Hampton open to the eastward of Calshot-Castle then luff up or bear right in with Hampton and you shall go over the Tayl of the Brambles into two fathom and a half or three fathom at low-water and steer in so keeping Hampton open until you come within the Castle There is likewise a Channel between the Brambles and the Main for small Ships but there is not above ten foot at low-water The leading Marks to carry you in or out in this Channel is the westermost Wind-mill or Porch-down right between to the red Patches of the Cliff by the Sea-side near Teachfield-Haven but there is divers Patches on the said Cliff so that this Mark may deceive you therefore look out toward the South-West end of the Wight towards Yarmouth there you shall see two Hills made with a Valley between them also to the eastward of Yarmouth you shall see close by the Water-side a black Hill bring that Hill in the Valley between the aforesaid Hills and something on upon the southermost Hill and that Mark kept will lead you through in fourteen foot water at quarter-flood and when you have brought Hampton open of Calshot-Castle then you are to the eastward of the Spit of Owze that lyeth off from the Castle and may bear in as above-said Directions to sayl into Pool A league to the northward of the aforesaid Point lyeth the Haven of Pool For to sayl in there coming about Hand-fast-Point you must go North-west or somewhat more northerly then you may perceive right a-head a high flat Hill which standeth higher than any other Land thereabouts keep that betwixt two Shores and run in right with it but if you turn in then spare not your Lead and run not farther over to the westward than till that flat Hill cometh to the West-Land when it beginneth to touch you must about or else you shall be fast a-ground when you are about run no further to the eastwards than that the aforesaid Hill cometh over to the East Sand-hill Marks to go into Pool which is a high gray sharp Sand-hill lying at the East side If you keep these foresaid Marks in this manner you shall have going in there at half-flood water enough there remaineth in the shoalest ten and eleven foot at low-water but it floweth there no more than five foot up and down it floweth there twice in one Tyde A South-east and North-west Moon maketh there full Sea also a South by East and North by West Moon maketh high-water which come to pass by reason of the Fore-ebb that cometh out of the Wight when you come without the entry go then N. N. E. on and keep the Beacons that stand on the East Land on the Starboard from you and run indifferent close alongst by them the Shores are on both sides steep and the Channel is not wide without the Channel it is shoal or flat This is Pilots Water Directions for Portland and sayling into Weymouth From the West end of the Wight to the Point of Portland the course is W. S. W. eleven leagues but for Donnose West by South thirteen leagues If you will go to anchor under Portland Portland-Road coming from the West come within a Musquet shot about by the Point of Portland and being come about the second Point whereon the Castle standeth edge up to the westward until you come before the Castle and anchor there in 7 8 9 10 or 11 fathom so that the Point of Portland doth lie South by East and S. S. E. from you there you shall lie Land-lockt for a South and South by East Wind with a South west and a S. S. W. Wind you must be very mindful of the terrible ripling of the Race of Portland which beginneth a little to the westward of Portland and endeth a little to the westward of St. Albons The ground in that Race is very uneven and shoal in some places seven in others ten and also fifteen fathom About a league to the northwards of the Road of Portland Weymouth lyeth a Town called Weymouth which hath a Tyde-Haven before it you may anchor in four or five fathom To sayl from Portland to Exmouth From Portland to Exmouth the course is W. N. W. thirteen leagues betwixt them both lyeth a little Island close by the Land Cob-Island before Lime-haven called Cob. Before Exmouth Exmouth men may ride at the South end of the Shindle which lyeth before the Haven in seven or eight fathom so that the Rocks of Tomans-stones do bear South or South by East from you there you will have good Ground and Land-lockt for all winds Five leagues South and South by West from Exmouth lyeth Torbay and lyeth from Portland West and West by South thirteen leagues For to go into Torbay Torbay you must bring the West Point or the Berry South by East or S.S.E. from you and anchor therein seven or eight fathom there you shall lie Land-lockt for a South Wind and South-west Winds At the North-east end of the Bay is also a Tyde-Haven called the Tormain Tormain before it is good Anchor-ground in four or five fathom according as you would lie near or far from the Shore To sayl into Dartmouth Three or four leagues to the westward of Torbay lyeth the Haven of Dartmouth which hath a narrow entry lying in betwixt two High-lands upon each side of the Haven standeth a little Castle on the West side is a Church on the High-Land called St. Patricks-Church For to sayl in coming from the Start or from the westward you must run in alongst by the Wester-Land so far to the eastward until you bring the Key of the Village on the East side of the Haven in the midst of the entry of the Haven betwixt the two Lands and you must be very ready with your Boat if any gust of Wind should come from the High-Land for to row in being come in edge over to the West side before the Brew-House and anchor there in ten or eleven fathom or before the Village on the East side where you please At the East side lyeth a sunken Rock A sunken Rock The Marks to avoid it are these steer in with St. Patricks Church and bring not the Village which standeth on the West side of the Harbour without the said Church but keep the outer House of the said Village in the East side of the Chappel and alwayes in sight without the Bullwork on the North side by St. Patricks Church then can you take no hurt of the Rock in the Range by the North Point Betwixt Dartmouth and the Start nearest to
Dartmouth standeth a white Spire Steeple called Fackman which is a very good Mark to know Dartmouth by The Start lyeth from Dartmouth South-west Start about three or four leagues Under the Point of the Start at the East side is a good Road for westerly Winds betwixt the Point and a Church that standeth on the High-Land in ten or eleven fathom so that the Point lyeth South-west from you A little to the eastward of the westermost Point of the Start lyeth a Haven called Salcomb Salcomb when you come from the West it sheweth it self open the West side of it is ragged and the East side is sloping down Close to the West Point lyeth a range of Rocks therefore you must give it a good Birth and leave the Rocks on the Larboard-side further you may see all Breaks that may do you hurt being within you need not fear either of the Shoals Upon the Bar or Shoals of the entry remaineth at low-water and Spring-tydes not less than eleven foot but within it is at least three fathom To sayl into Plymouth Seven leagues to the westward of the Start lyeth Plymouth-Sound Plymouth at the eastermost East Point of the Sound lyeth a high round Rock called Mawstone Mawstone Between it and Ram-head lyeth the said Sound N.N.E. it being round and deep A little to the northward of Ram-head is a fair Sand-bay where you may anchor close under the Land in nine or ten fathom Two leagues South a little easterly from Ram-head Eddy-stone lyeth a Rock above water called Eddy-stone The Point of Plymouth lyeth from Eddy-stone North by East and N.N.E. distant about four leagues In the Sound by the Land of Plymouth lyeth a little Island called Sir Francis Drakes Island which is fast to the West side with a Riff or Range of Rocks under-water so that you must sayl alongst to the eastwards of it whether you are bound unto Cat-water or into Hamose which is the West Harbour To sayl into Cat-Water If you will go into Cat-water Cat-water then run in betwixt the Island and the Point on the East side in with the Land of Plymouth until you see Cat-water open on the Starboard of you go then into the Eastwards betwixt the Point of Plymouth and the Point on the Starboard-side leaving most part of the Channel on the Starboard-side until you come within the Point and anchor there right against the high steep Northern Land there is at low-water with extraordinary Tydes four and five fathom When you sayl into Cat-water you must take heed by giving a good birth to the southern Point of the entry for there lie off the foresaid Point a Ledge of Rocks under-water about 2 Cables length off from the Land Upon the Point of the Ledge lyeth a Buoy where is at half-flood about twelve foot water which Buoy you must leave on your Starboard-side going in and when you have Cat-water altogether open you may run in to the eastwards leaving in the entry of the Harbour two thirds of the Channel on the Starboard-side as before is said because the South Shore is somewhat flat off there leaving a sandy Bank which reacheth to the second Point of the South Shore of Cat-water A little to the eastward of Drakes Island lyeth a Rock under water upon which is at low-water not deeper than two fathom For to sayl within the Land you may go to the eastward or westward of the Rock according as occasion shall serve If you will sayl unto Hamose to the westward of the Rocks Hamose then take the sounding of the Land in four or five fathom at low-water and run so by it until that Fishers-Village lying to the northwards a little within the Land come in the West side of the Valley on the North Shore then are you to run through between the Island and the Rock and to the westward of the Rock upon the Land of Plymouth within the Island standeth a Wall or Hedge when you see it end-wayes and the Chappel of the aforesaid Village cometh to the North side of the Valley and Cat-water cometh open then do you run over the Rock between the Island and the Main then may you anchor in 12 and 13 fathom If you sayl into Hamose you must run between the Island and the Land of Plymouth and then run in the midst of the Channel between the two Lands until the Entry of Hamose be open then run into the northwards as the Channel leadeth until you come in about the West Point and anchor there in 16 15 and 12 fathom in the Narrow is 15 16 17 and 20 fathom between the Island and the Main 8 9 and 10 or 12 fathom From Ram-head West by South five leagues lyeth Foy and betwixt them on the Coast lyeth a little Island a little to the eastward of Talland-Point thwart of West-Loee called Loee-Island you may anchor to the eastward of the Island in 5 or 6 fathom To sayl into Foy. Foy is a broad Haven where a Ship may go in at half-flood at the East side of the Haven standeth a little Church with a Steeple and on the West side a great white Church with a square Steeple To sayl into Foy you must have at least half-flood and run in amidst the Channel betwixt the two Points and being come within them chuse which side you will but the most water is by the West-Land between the Stakes and the Square Steeple being come within the Stakes as you come in by the Land then bear somewhat off presently from the West Shore almost into the middle of the Channel nearest to the West shore until you come before the Village that lyeth on the West side where is a deep Dock in which Ships that draw 16 foot may lie afloat at low-water in the said Dock may four Ships lie If when you come by the East-Land you desire to be in the aforesaid Dock or Pool then sayl in until you come within the Stakes and then edge over off from the East-Land until you come nearest the West-Land for to avoid a Flat which lyeth by the East Shore alongst the Haven which beginneth against the first House of the West Village If it should happen that you could not lead it in with a Sayl then let fall your Anchor without the Stakes and warp in with Hausers until you come unto the aforesaid Pool You may also sayl so far in that you may see a Wall on the West side of the Haven where lyeth a Village behind it a Ships length to the southward of that Wall it is good lying by the East-Land being moored by four Cables there a Ship may ride afloat that draweth sixteen foot water You may also sayl further in along by that Swatch that lyeth on the West side where in the Mill standeth but come not too near the North Point of the Swatch for by it lyeth a Rock under-water being past that you may moor your Ship
Schieringhalls is a Sand that lyeth along by the Fly-land there being a Channel between them but not navigable on the N. E. side standeth five Beacons and on the East point thereof which is four mile and a half S.S.E. half easterly from the Fly-land lyeth a Buoy about three Cables length S. E. from which lyeth another on the side of this Sand which lyeth South standeth six Beacons it being five miles in length then it runneth S. W. by West 4 miles from thence N. W. by West 6 mile from whence it goeth N. W. being concave four mile which Point is called the Pan from which it runneth by the aforesaid Fly land to the first Beacon which course is E.N.E. almost 4 leagues the said Point or Pau lyeth from the West end of Eyerland S.S.E. a great mile Bree-Sand Bree-sand is separated from Schieringhals with a small Channel from the Buoy on the tayl of the foresaid Sand to Claes-Owens Beacon the course is S. S. E. distant four miles and a half between which you will have 40 and 48 fathom from which to a Beacon that stands on the Hook of this Sand the course is S. S. E. a mile from which Beacon to the tayl of the Sand the course is South three great leagues in which space on the edge of the Sand there standeth four Beacons from which tayl it runneth N. E. by East about two leagues rounding about until it run North which will bring you to a Buoy on the N. W. corner not above half a mile from the South Point of the Shieringhals Langer-Sand Langer-sand hath on the North side of the Head of it three Buoys which lie one from the other S. E. by South and N. W. by West This Sand lyeth within the Island Grind and the N. E. side of Bree-sand the East side is distant from Harling half a mile Hendrick-Traerts Plat. Hendrick-Traerts Plat is a Shoal which lyeth off from the Island Grind having a Buoy at the South Point of it being distant not above two Cables length from Langer-sand the East Point hereof runneth from the Island about 2 mile being distant from Harling N. E. by North a mile and half Schorre-Ground Schorre-ground lyoth without between the Schelling and fly-Fly-land and falleth dry at low-water on either side of it you have 30 40 and 60 fathom within it on the North end of the Fly-land lyeth another dry Plat which extendeth it self from the Shore about two mile between this and the foresaid Plat Westerbâ—ems-Gat goeth the Westerbooms-Gat to the southward of those are two other Plats but there is Buoys and Marks to direct you clear of them all The Abdt. The Abdt is a Sand which lyeth within the Schelling there is a Channel but not navigable it is two mile distant from the Land and about a mile from the Grind. Camper-Sand Camper-sand lyeth between the Schelling and Ameland distant from Friesland about a mile which falleth almost all dry at low-water between it and the Horse goeth a Channel called Cromme Born-Riff Born-Riff is a Sand which lyeth without Camper-sand between which goeth the Channel called Ameland-Gat Ameland-Gat where there are Buoys to carry you through The Watt. The Watt is a Sand which lyeth on the South side of Rottum Wester-Emes on the East side thereof goeth up the Weser-Emes in which Channel there lyeth a little Sand called Hubers-Plaet at the tayl whereof lyeth a Buoy on the South side stand four Beacons from the westermost Beacon you may direct your course West and sayl into the Channel which goeth up to Eastmerhorn Ruyt-Sand From the going in of the Wester-Emes all alongst the Coast of Grâ—eninger-land there lyeth a Flat a great league from the Shore on the East side viz. in the Wester-Emes there lyeth many Buoys and Beacons against the second Buoy above Hubers-Plant lyeth the point of a Sand where a Swatch goeth in on each side which Sand is called Ruyt-sand on whose Point standeth a Beacon Ransel Ransel is a Shoal which lyeth on the South side of Borcom and runneth S. E. five miles on the S. E. end of it standeth four Beacons the Western and Eastern-Emes go upon each side of it at the Point of Borcom lyeth two small Sands the one called Brewers-Plaet whereon standeth a Buoy the other the back of Hogebeern whereon standeth a Beacon near the S. E. end on the said side lyeth another small Sand called Cornix-Plaet where there is a Buoy to direct you clear of it On the West side of the said Island of Borcom runneth off a Shoal West three leagues and a half Borcom-Riff and the outmost end whereof you have four and five fathom on the South side of the Point hereof lyeth a little Sand called Geltsack between which at your first entrance you will have five fathom and at the going in of the Wester-Emes eight fathom Scuyt-Sand Scuyt-sand is a Shoal which lyeth on the Coast of Emderland from Greitzyl unto Betroen on the North side hereof standeth four Beacons Leysand Leysand beginneth at Groetzyl and runneth alongst the said Coast of Emderland until you come to Westerbreeck on the eastermost Beacon which standeth on Scuyt-sand there runneth in a small Channel which runneth down to Norden on the North side thereof at the entrance standeth also four Beacons to direct you through Bandt Bandt is a Flat which joyneth to Juyst and runneth as far as the little Island Bursen and runneth along by the Easter-Emes South two leagues on which side there are many Swatches at the South-west corner of it there is a small Island whereon standeth two Beacons to direct you through from the Easter to the Wester-Emes On the South side of this Sand standeth also four Beacons to direct you through a Channel which goeth between Lâ—ysand and it from the North-west side of the Island Juyst runneth off a Riff called Juyster-Riff three leagues West into the Sea Juyster-Riff whereon you have three fathom at the end hereof is the entrance in of the Emes Watt. The Watt is a Shoal which beginneth at the Voer and endeth at Westerbreeck joyning every where to the Shore wherein are many Swatches without which there are Shoals belonging to every Island viz. Norderny Baltrum Langerâ—â—gh Spikerâ—â—gh and Wrangerâ—ogh where are Channels going in between every one of them and also a Channel between the Watt and them on the in-side of Wrangeroog on the side of its Shoal standeth eight Beacons called the Beacons of Wadt and also on the North-west side lyeth two Buoys likewise On the East side of the said Watt standeth six Beacons to direct you up Stonebalg The Old-Doge The Old-Ooge is a Sand which lyeth on the East side of Watt distant a mile and half by the North Point hereof runneth up the Channel called the Weser Rode-Sand Rode-sand lyeth North-east from Wrangeroog almost two leagues it lyeth in the Sea North-west by West and South-east by East in length four miles and a half on
you please before the Town in four five six or seven fathom-water or you may go further into the Bight for it is every where clean Other directions to sayl into Harwich The Mark in this Channel to sayl into Harwich is to keep the top of Harwich Steeple half way betwixt the Fire-beacon on Harwich and the North end of the Cliff or the lower Light-house a little open of the North end of Harwich Cliff and so sayl in N. N. W. keeping those marks so till you come within half a mile of Harwich Cliff then bear to the North-eastwards so far till you bring the body of the Church open to the northwards of the Cliff then edge toward Land-guard-Fort till you bring both the Light-houses in one then run in with them so till you see your self within the South Point of the Andrews which you shall know by having Bawdsey Church open and shut on the Land to the Southwards of Bawdsey or if there be any Sea or half-tyde the Andrews is plain to be seen then you must edge near to the Beach where the Fort stands to shun the Altar another Shoal that lyeth directly against the Fort. To sayl out of Harwich In the North Channel you may sayl out as is before described in the going in till you come without the Fort then bring the two Light-houses into one and so sayl out till you bring the Steeple open of the Land to the southward of Bawdsey-Cliff then are you clear of the Andrews and Ridge then steer North-east by East until you bring Harwich-Church on the North side of a black House called the Brew-house which stands a little to the northward of Landguard-Fort keeping them marks so standing until you bring Bawdsey-Church open a little to the northward of the North end of Bawdsey-Cliff then are you open of the Sledway Between Alborough and Dunwich half way lyeth a Wood which is high at both ends and the midst low in form of a Saddle this you shall commonly see first when you fall with the Land thereabouts and is the best to know the Coast 〈◊〉 for the Land without and to the southwards is very low and shingly ground about two leagues to the southward of Alborough lyeth Orfordness between them both there standeth two Woods which sheweth at a distance like Castles and Towers on Orfordness standeth a flat Steeple and a broad Castle which hath also a thick flat Steeple almost in fashion like the Steeple of Ranop open above with Holes in it like Bell-holes before Dunwich you may anchor there is good lying in eight or nine fathom water somewhat soft ground Before Alborough is the best Road of all the Coast thereabouts in six or seven fathom To know Bawdsey Oasly and Alterton Churches Bawdsey-Church is the highest and biggest Steeple being flat at top as the others are it stands to the south-wards of all the rest a mile from the Shore Oasly-Church hath a flat large Steeple but is lower than the other two and stands a mile to the northwards of Bawdsey-Steeple three quarters of a mile from the Sea Alterton-Steeple stands to the northwards of Oasly-Church a mile and a half it is a very high square Steeple but much smaller than the other two and stands about a mile from the Sea To sayl out of the Sledway to the North-Foreland First Bring the North end of Bawdsey-Cliff North-West from you then shall you see a flat Steeple right with a Cliff which you must keep on or a little open of the Cliff-end until you bring Beamont-Tree on the naze-Naze-land W. N. W. and then you may steer South-East or South-east by South if the Wind serves having not less water than seven or eight fathom and when you have laid the Netherland to water you may sound for the Kentish-Knock and come no nearer it than 8 or 9 fathom as the Wind and Tyde serves and being about the Knock you may go S. S. W. as you see occasion To sayl out at the back-side of the Gun-fleet If you will sayl out at the back-side of the Gunfleet being in the Sleds in seven fathom borrow on the West-Rocks in four or five fathom steering S. S. W. or South-west by West but go not to the southwards of five fathoms till you be over the tayl of the Rocks and when you are over the Rocks you shall have seven or eight fathom but go not without eight fathom on the West side and borrow on the Gunfleet in six or seven fathom going South-west by South or South-west till you come up to the Spits or as you see occasion To sayl by the Naze to the Northwards From the Eagle to the Naze you may borrow to the Shore and the course is N. E. by North or N. N. E. to go by the Naze you must bring Harwich-steeple unto the East part of the Saddle in the Cliff-end be sure you shut not St. Hellen into the Naze before you bring the Steeple into the Saddle and so you may steer with the Steeple until you bring the Dove-house with the Naze or the Naze-end unto a Tree on the lower end of the Hedge-row that is to the southward of the House and being in one then may you have your other marks and steer to the eastward keeping the House and Tree in one and more to the southward of the Hedge-row in the lower end of the Field a stones cast from the Hedge is a lively Tree or great Bush which you may bring into a Tree between two high Trees that are to the southward of the House and these marks you may keep in one steering North-east by North keeping Harwich-steeple open of the East end of the Cliff and then you may bear in with the Harbour but the best water is when the Steeple is on the Hommock between the Beacon and the Cliff and so steer to the northwards as you please To sayl clear of Alborough-Knapes East from Alborough two leagues lyeth Alborough-Knapes which is a Sand that at low-water is not deeper than seven or eight foot you may sound round about it in five fathom but it is not good to come nearer with Sea-winds you may discern it plainly by the breaking of the Sea but with northerly and westerly winds the Sea breaks not at all upon it if it be fair weather he that runneth by it to the northwards with an Ebb shall see it ripple much upon it likewise upon most of the English Bank and indeed not upon the Banks but against them for upon the shoalest of them is alwayes the smoothest water as experience teacheth every where When as Alborough is West from you and the two Steeples of Orforness one in the other there you shall find Albôrough-Knapes These are sure marks of that Sand. To sayl to the westward of the Whiting-Sand The Whiting is somewhat a small long Sand lying to the southward of Orfordness and the shingly ground to the southward of Alborough lyeth alongst the Reach but the
and Harwich and Orfordness a S.S.E. Moon maketh high-water without the Banks of Yarmouth and before Cromer a South-east Moon maketh high-water Between the Banks of Harwich and the Holms of Yarmouth it floweth South and Ebbs North. Thwart of the Banks of Winterton and Cromer it flows S.S.E. and ebbs N.N.W. Of the Tydes and setting of the Currents From the North-Foreland the Flood runs to the Reculvers and over the Brakes W.S.W. and West by South Without about the Goodwin towards the Kentish-Knock the Flood falleth North by West and N.N.W. There cometh also a flood from the northwards and meet one another by the Galloper with a very great ripling and noise from which this Bank is called the Galloper and setteth to the westwards into the Sands and Channels and also to the Eastward toward Flanders Between the North-Foreland and Oxfordness the Stream setteth S.S.E. When you are to the northward of the Galloper and can reckon no other Ebb than that which runneth along England to the Northwards the Streams fall there all alongst the Coast To the Southward of the Galloper the Ebb setteth to the Southward and the Flood to the Northward Courses and Distances of Places from the North-Foreland to Cocquet-Island From the North-Foreland to the North end of the Goodwin the course is East by South a league and half From the North-Foreland to the Kentish Knock North by East and N.N.E. 4 or 5 leagues From thence to Orfordness North 12 leagues From the Foreland to the Galloper N. E. by North 9 leagues From the Galloper to Orfordness N.N.W. 10 leagues From Alborough to Covehith North by East 5 leagues From Covehith to Leystaff North 2 leagues and a half From Leystaff to Yarmouth South 3 leagues From Winterton to Haseborough 2 leagues and a half From Yarmouth to Winterton N.N.W. 2 leagues and a half From Cromer to Blakney N.N.W. 3 or 4 leagues From Blakney to Bornham to sayl through within the Sand West 6 leagues and a half From Bornham to Chappel-Land W.S.W. 2 leagues and a half From Chappel-Land to Boston-Knock or the North Point of Boston-Deep N.W. by North 5 leagues From thence to the Spurn North and North by West 6 leagues and a half From the Spurn to Flamborough-head N. N. W. 9 leagues Thwart Courses over Sea From the North-Foreland to Flushing East somewhat northerly about 26 leagues and a half From the Foreland to the Mase E.N.E. or somewhat easterly 33 leagues From the Foreland to the Texel or the Mase-deep N.E. 45 leagues From the Naze or Harwich to the Maze East 29 leagues From Orfordness to the Texel E.N.E. 37 leagues From Yarmouth or Leystaff to Walcheren or the Weilings S. E. and S. E. by South 39 leagues From the Point of Cromer or Shield to the Texel East 41 leagues From the Spurn to the Texel East by South and E.S.E. 59 leagues From Tinmouth to Scutness N. E. 103 leagues From Tinmouth to the Naze in Norway N. E. by East somewhat easterly 102 leagues From Tinmouth to the Scaw E.N.E. 135 leagues From Tinmouth to holy-Holy-Island East by South somewhat easterly 106 leagues A Table shewing what Moon maketh full Sea and Setting of the Tydes upon the North-Coast of England and Scotland The Names of the Coasts and Head-lands What Moon maketh full Sea How the Tyde sets by the Land How the Tyde sets seven leagues off the Land How the Tyde sets nine leagues off the Land and in the midst of the Channel At the Kentish-Knock Long-sand-head South-South-East And South by East South-South-East South by East South by West At Harwich Orfordness and Haven S.E. by S. S.S.E. S.E. by South North and South S. S. W. Yarmouth-Road and Haven S. E. by South And S. S. E. S. S. E. North and South South by West Winterton Cromer and Blakney E. S. E. East by South S. E. by East E. S. E. South by East E. S. E. S.S.E. and S. by E. South-East Humber-mouth Lin and Boston-deeps East and West East by South E. S. E. S. W. and N.E. Flamborough-head and Bridlington W. S. W. East and West West by North. S. E. by South Directions for Piloting a Ship from the Point of the Hope over the Flats to the Downs and from thence to the westward alongst the Coast of England as far as Silly shewing the Marks for going into the most Eminent Harbours With a perfect Tyde-Table shewing what time it is full Sea in all these Ports and how long and upon what Point of the Compass the Tyde runneth in the Channel Directions for sayling from Tilbury-Hope down to the Buoy of the Nower VVHen you break ground from Tilbury-Hope if the wind be southerly keep the South Shore close aboard but be careful of Blith-sand which lyeth close to the Kentish-shore and accordingly observe these Marks to carry you clear of it Hopeness If in the day time keep the Steeple of Tilbury-Church a great Sayls breadth without Hopeness alias Sands-head-point If in the night or hazy-weather keep your Lead and come not within five fathom at low-water and seven at high-water and that depth will carry you clear without Blith-sand Blith-sand and will lead you down to the Nower-head But if the Wind be northerly then you must keep the North Shore which is steep too until you come as low as Hole-haven and so keeping the Soundings aforesaid you may run down to the Nower where you may come to an anchor at the East end thereof Marks The Marks for to keep you clear of the Sands is to bring Prickelwel-steeple a Sayls breadth to the eastwards of the Wood that is on the North Shore by the Water-side and there you may come to an Anchor To sayl from the Buoy of the Nower to Sheerness up the West-Swale First You must steer South-west by West then W.S.W. till you bring open a low Point upon the Isle of Graen called Black-stakes whereon standeth two little Houses Keep this Point and Sheer-ness one in another and you will sayl in the best of the Channel till you come to the Ness where you will find ten fathom close to it Cant. you may borrow upon the Cant in four or five fathom until you come within half a mile to the eastward of the Fort upon Sheerness Sheerness from whence runs off a Shoal about a Cables length of which care must be taken of not coming too near the Shore Being within the Ness you may come to an anchor where you please only the East side is all flar having but 1 2 3 and 4 fathom at low-water The South side of the Nower-sand is steep too Nower in nine and ten fathom close to the Sand and also near to the Ness is steep too in 10 11 and 12 fathom For to sayl into Quinborough If you be coming down the River of Thames and bound for Quinborough or the River of Medway and being come to the East end of the Nower-sand run down to the
eastward along that Sand until you bring Prickelwel-Church which stands on the Essex-side below Lee open to the eastward of a thicket of high Trees that stands to the eastwards of that Church or the Spire-Steeple on the Island of Sheppy called Minster-Church right over the highest part of the red Cliff on the Island and with any one of these Marks you may bear over the Tayl of the Nower in three fathom at low-water and when you come into four or fix fathoms you must steer right in with Sheerness but if so be it be clear weather Marks there is direct Marks to carry you in or lead you out which is the Point of the Island of Grean which is on the Starboard-side of the River above Sheerness one open and shut of the other or if you can see Gillingham-Church which sheweth white right under the Point of a high Hill in the Countrey that maketh it like a Gurnets Nose like Portland any of these Marks will carry you right in but a little to the southward of the Tayl of the Nower there is a Middle-ground in these Marks on which there is not above fifteen foot water to avoid which if the Wind be northerly then keep alongst the Nower until you be a quarter of a mile to the southwards of the Beacon and then bear over into the aforesaid Marks or if the Wind be southerly and you are coming from the Eastwards at low-water and would go in then borrow off and on upon the Cant in three fathom and a half and four fathom and continually keep your Lead if it be thick weather that you cannot see your leading marks for there lyeth a Spit from the Cant your thwart mark whereof is Charlock Trees a little to the eastwards of the falling of the Land of Sheppy from Minster or that brow of the Hill S. S. E. from you you must at the first cast of the Lead that you find it shoal bear round off until you deepen your water again then borrow on again on that side and so you may go in in thick weather or in the night and when you come near Sheerness your water will suddenly deepen to 10 or 12 fathom this is called Sheerness-hole Sheerness-Hole and being aboard the Ness you may anchor where you please but if you anchor near the Ness you shall have no less than 16 or 17 fathom if you be bound up the River of Medway to shun a Bank of Owze that lyeth on the third part of the Channel over from the South-west Point of the River that goeth into Quinborough-Creek and by the same directions you may carry a Ship out of Medway down to the eastwards or into the River of Thames or to the northwards Directions for sayling from the Buoy of the Nower over the Flats and through the Narrow into the Downs From the Buoy of the Nower to the Buoy of the Oaze-edge the course is East one quarter northerly and West one quarter southerly distant about five miles betwixt the Buoy of the Oaze-edge and the Buoy of the Red-sand lyeth a round Shoal called the Spile Spile and bears South from the Buoy of the Oaze-edge on which shoal there is but six foot at low-water the Buoy of the Red-sand bears from the Buoy of the Oaze-edge East half northerly and West half southerly four miles If the weather be clear you may have a direct longst mark that will lead you down directly between the Oaze-edge A 〈…〉 and the Red-sand viz. you will see a â—ound Tree on the Island Grean keep that Tree in the Valley between the little Hills that are upon the High-lands next to the westermost end of the Isle of Grean and this mark so kept will lead you down The eastermost part of the Red-sand lyeth out with two Tongues Red-sand on the northermost of which is placed the Buoy The Marks for the buoy of the Red sand from the Land is to bring the Lands-end of Sheppy S. W. and St. Nicholas-Wood in the Gore open of the Reculvers South-east the Channel goeth in betwixt the Oaze-edge and the Red-sand The depth betwixt them is 10 and 11 fathom From the Buoy of the Red-sand to the Buoys of the Spell and Woolpack the course is N. W. by West one quarter northerly and S. E. by South one quarter southerly over the Flats where you will have at low-water on this course 10 foot and in some holes 15 or 16 foot water About a quarter of a mile S.E. by South from the East end of the Spaniard Gilman lyeth the Gilman which falls cry at Spring tydes but if you keep the aforesaid Course you will not come neer it The Buoy of the Woolpack is the westermost Buoy in the Narrow on the North side of the Channel and lyeth on the West Spit of the Woolpack-sand and bears from the Reculvers-steeple North by West then have you two little Hills like to two Paps on the upper Land to the southwards just open and shut of the Reculvers-Steeple The Buoy of the Spell lyeth on the South side of the Channel a little to the eastward of the Buoy of the Woolpack betwixt these Buoys the Channel is a Cables length and a half broad and but nine foot deep at low-water The Buoy of the Searn is the eastermost Buoy that lyeth on the North side of the Channel the Steeple of the Reculvers bearing from the said Buoy South by West then have you a Wind-mill a little open of the Channel of Reculvers-Church The course upwards from this Buoy through the Narrow is W.N.W. and downwards it is E. S. E. The longst mark on the Shore is to bring Brinchington Church right over a Gaul or black Hole in the western part of the Cliff end On the North side of a Channel a little below the Buoy of the Searn 〈…〉 shooteth out a Shoal from Margaret-sand S. E. called the Hook it runneth so far to the southwards that it maketh the Channel very narrow The thwart Marks for this Sand is to bring Birchington-Steeple into a great Dauk or Valley of a Cliff then the Steeple will bear from you South-east five degrees foutherly the longst Mark is to bring St. Peters Church upon the West end of the Cliff The longst Mark to carry you clear of the Hook to the Buoy of the Searn is to bring St. Peters Steeple over the East side or Cliff of Westgate-bay You must keep them so till you bring Birchington Steeple over the Gaul when you take hold of that mark to go through a little above the Hook on the South side of the Channel A little below the Reculvers lyeth off a Shoal called the Horse Horse on which it is very shoal at low-water The marks to avoid it is to keep St. Peters Steeple on the East side of Westgate-bay a little upon the Cliff which mark you may use either going up or down Between the Hook of Margaret-sand and
a Cables length off the Shore thwart lyeth a sunken Rock called the Woolman Woolman The leading Mark to go clear of it is two Rocks which lie on the West side within the Haven the one to wit the innermost is somewhat greater than the other if you bring them one in the other or the northermost a little open to the eastward of the other so as that you may see between them keeping them so sayl right in then you need not fear the Woolman Remember that you ride not too near the Island for it is all foul ground but upon Crow-sand and between that and the northermost Rock is clear ground then the Point of St. Maries will bear from you E. S. E. and the Broad-Sound will be open from the South-west by West to the West by South but if you will ride near the North-Rock you shall have it but two Points open St. Maries Sound close but then you shall not get out of St. Maries Sound if the Wind blow at South-west Smiths-Sound is very dangerous except a man be forced to it I would advise him not to make use of the Channel there is water enough but it is very narrow keep therefore in the middle of it it lyeth North-west The Ground of Silly is somewhat stony and some red Shells in it Directions for sayling in the Channel betwixt England and France in thick and dark Weather If you be sure by your reckoning height and depth that you are entred into the Channel to the eastward of the Lizard be not fearful but bear over to the English Shore so that the Wind be at S. S. W. or South by West until you come to 45 or 46 fathom then steer away E.N.E. and East by North and steering so and keeping your Lead when you come to be thwart of the Start you shall have 44 or 43 fathom and fine white Sand then are you between 4 and 5 leagues from the Shore but to be the more certain where you are when you come to this white Sand steer away E.N.E. keeping your Lead every hour at least until you come to 35 fathom black peppery Sand then you are right and may boldly say that you are some four leagues off the Berry it bearing from you N. W. by North then steer away East by North still wetting your Lead and when you come to be thwart of Lime you shall have 33 fathom fishing ground and still steering East by North before you come near Portland in the same depth your ground will be somewhat red like unto green Lime Ballast continue your course East by North and when you come near unto Portland the ground will be small shingle stones and thwart of Portland the stones will be as big as Reans or Pease and 32 or 33 fathom then are you between 3 and 4 leagues and still continuing your course it will carry you so far without Donnose or the Isle of Wight thwart of St. Albans you shall have 27 fathom and thwart of the Body of the Wight 20 fathom and thwart of Donnose 18 fathom and so the Owers Note That all the Coast between St. Albons and the Owers there will be little or nothing come up only dents in the Tallow and some blown Sand that will crumble between your fingers but continuing your course so soon as you are past the Owers you shall deepen your water to 26 or 30 fathom small gravelly Sand and fishing Ground and coming towards Beachy or thwart of Shorum in your course you shall have 36 fathom and near thwart of Beachy 33 fathom then steer away E. N. E. being by your judgment past Beacby then edge or bear over to the Coast of England still keeping your Lead till you come to 20 18 or 16 fathom as the Wind is and being in 16 fathom steer away E. N. E. and that Birth will carry you a fair Birth off the Ness yet although you be in thirteen fathom your course will carry you without the Ness and when you draw near unto the Ness you will find eighteen or twenty fathom shingly Ground and continuing still this course you will come to have 22 fathom fine white Sand then you may be sure you are to the eastward of the Ness and may steer away North-east and North-east by North with the said Foreland or edge into the Shore in 10 11 or 12 fathom and that depth will lead you along the Coast and will carry you unto the Downs but coming to be past the South-Foreland you must borrow upon the Land into six or seven fathom But if you would pass through on the back side of the Goodwin from 22 fathom fine white Sand steer North-east and North-east by East â— or keep your self in eighteen fathom and you go without the Sand fourteen fathom goes right with it Note That between Foulstone and the North-sand-head the Ground is all one Thus sheweth the Land on the West-Coasts of England from the Downs to Silly Thus sheweth Dover when you sayl to the westwards of the Vane or Ripraps Thus sheweth the North-Foreland when you sayl towards it from the Downs Thus sheweth Fairlee when you sayl by it Thus sheweth Fairlee when you sayl from the westwards Thus sheweth Beachy when you sayl from the West Thus sheweth Beachy with the seven Clifts when you sayl by them coming from the West Thus sheweth the Island Wight when you sayl by it being distant three or four leagues Thus sheweth St. albons-Albons-Land with Portland to the westwards when you sayl by it Thus sheweth Portland when you come from the West Thus sheweth Portland when it is North by West six leagues from you Thus sheweth Portland when you come from the East Thus sheweth the Land to the westward of Portland when you sayl by it Thus sheweth the Land betwixt Torbay and the Start The Start Dartmouth Torbay Thus sheweth the Land betwixt Torbay and the Start when the Start is South-west by West from you Start Dartmouth Torbay Thus sheweth the Land between Torbay and the Start when the Start is W.S.W. from you Torbay Torbay Torbay Torbay Thus sheweth the Point of Torbay in divers forms according as you are to the northward or southward of it This Figure and the Figure that followeth belong one to the other and should joyn where they are marked with the Crosses Torbay Apsom Thus sheweth Dartmouth as this Figure and the Figure foregoing expresseth it when you are right thwart of it a league or two from the Land the Land being on both sides of it as well toward the Start as Torbay and to the northwards of it The Start Thus sheweth the Start being North from you two or three leagues Thus sheweth the Start being North seven leagues from you This open will be shut to when you sayl to the westwards This open will be shut to when you sayl to the westwards The Start Thus sheweth the Start when it is North-east from you and then the Point goeth flat
down Salcomb The Start Thus sheweth the Land to the eastwards of the eastermost Point of the Start towards Salcomb when you sayl by it Plymouth N.N.W. The Start N.N.W. Thus sheweth the Start and the Land to the westwards of Plymouth when the Start is N.N.E. about two leagues and Plymouth Sound N.N.E. five or six leagues Mawstone The Start Thus sheweth the Land between the Start and Plymouth Sound when you sayl by it Thus sheweth the High-land to the eastwards of Plymouth Maker-Church Thus sheweth the Land of Ramhead to the northwards of it when you sayl into Plymouth-Sound The Deadman Ramhead Thus sheweth the Deadman and the Land to the eastwards of it when you are thwart of the Deadman 4 leagues from the Shore The Deadman when you are thwart it Thus sheweth the Land to the eastward of Falmouth when you sayl by it a league from the Shore Lizard Falmouth Deadman Thus sheweth the Land between the Deadman and the Lizard Thus sheweth the Lizard when you sayl by it Lizard Hilford Falmouth Thus sheweth the Land betwixt the Lizard and Falmouth when you are below Falmouth Thus sheweth the Lizard when it is five or six leagues East by North from you Mounts Bay The Lizard Thus sheweth the Lizard being East from you four or five leagues Thus sheweth the Land betwixt the Lizard 〈◊〉 the Lands-end when the Lizard lyeth East by North and Mounts-bay North from you Lands-end N.N.W. Mounts-bay N.E. by N. and N.N.E. Thus sheweth the Lands-end and the Land to the eastwards of it when it is N.N.W. and Mounts-bay N. E. and N.N.E. from you Thus sheweth the Lands-end when you come in right with it out of the Sea Thus sheweth the Lands-end being East from you East The Lands-end of England Thus sheweth the Lands-end when it beareth South-east by South seven or eight leagues from you and the round Hill to the northwards of the East then you may see the low Land betwixt them both Thus sheweth Silly being E.N.E. from you Thus sheweth Silly being South-east from you Thus sheweth Silly being East five or six leagues from you Thus sheweth Silly being South-west from you Of the Tydes and setting of the Currents As also what Moon maketh High-Water In Dartmouth or Torbay a West by South Moon maketh high-water Thwart the Start in the Channel a W.N.W. and S.S.E. Moon From the Start to Portland in the midst of the Channel the Flood falleth E.N.E. and the Ebb W.S.W. Thwart of Dartmouth by the Land the Flood falleth North-east by North and the Ebb South-west by South Thwart of Torbay towards Exmouth in the Bay the Flood falleth North east by North and the Ebb S. S. W. In Plymouth and Foy a West by South and East by North Moon maketh high-water Thwart of Foy in the Channel an E. S. E. Moon To the Sea-board of Falmouth an East by South but in Falmouth-Haven an East by North Moon At Helford and at the Lizard by the Land an E.S.E. and W.N.W. Moon maketh high-water From Ram-head to the Start by the Land within the Eddy-stone the Flood falleth E.S.E. and the Ebb W. N. W. From the Dead-man to Ram-head the Flood falleth E.N.E. and the Ebb W.S.W. From the Lizard to the Dead-man North-east and South-west In the Channel between the Lizard and the Start thwart of Foy. the Flood falleth East by North and the Ebb West by South In what Depths you may make the Land The Start and the Land of Dartmouth may be seen in 45 fathom When you have the high Land of Plymouth North from you you may see it in 50 fathom it is high double Land and sheweth it self in two Hills that same double high Land within the Land you may see it from thwart of Foy until you come thwart of Dartmonth The Dead-man you may see in 24 fathom off from the Lizard to the Start The Lizard you may see in 55 fathom there the Ground is white If you go from the Lizard either Southerly Easterly or Westerly it is as easie to be known for if you go Southerly you will deepen the water and come into mattered Ground after ten leagues if you go Westerly you will keep Sand st ll having deeper Water and finer Sand if you go Easterly you will have shoaler Water and grosser Sand. If you be thwart of the Start three leagues from the Shore you will have 35 fathom sandy Ground mixt with dust black like beaten Pepper The Start being North-west or thereabouts and you sayling E. N. E. or East by North you will have sandy Ground and shoaler Water Courses and Distances From Portland to St. Paul de Lyon South-west by South 40 leagues From Portland to ushant S. W. 53 leagues From Portland to Exmouth W.N.W. 13 leagues From Torbay to Dartmouth West somewhat southerly 3 or 4 leagues From Dartmouth to the Start S.W. 3 leagues From Portland to Torbay West somewhat southerly 13 or 14 leagues From Portland to Dartmouth West by South sixteen leagues From Portland to the Start W. S. W. Westerly 19 leagues From the Start to the Caskets E.S.E. 21 leagues From the Start to the Seven-Isles South by East somewhat easterly 24 leagues From the Start to St. Paul de Lyon South by West southerly 27 leagues From to Start to Ram-head W. N. W. 8 leagues From Ram-head to Love-Island W.S.W. 3 leagues From Love-Island to Foy West 2 leagues From Foy to the Dead-man South-west and South-west by West 5 leagues From the Dead-man to Falmouth West by South and W.S.W. 4 leagues From Falmouth to the Lizard South by West 4 leagues From the Start to the Eddy-stone West or a little Northerly 7 or 8 leagues From the Eddy-stone to Ram-head North a little westerly 2 leagues From Ram-head to the Dead-man W.S.W. 8 leagues From the Dead-man to the Lizard S.W. 6 leagues From the Start to the Lizard West by South 20 or 21 leagues From the Lizard to Garnsey East by South 37 leagues From the Lizard to the Seven Islands South-east by South 31 leagues From the Lizard to ushant South 29 leagues From the Lizard to Cape de Finisterre South-West 153 leagues The same course goeth about five leagues without the Cape From the Lizard to Teneriff S.S.W. 466 leagues From the Lizard to Tercera 386 leagues Latitudes  deg min. Torbay 50 42 Dartmouth 50 37 The Start 50 27 Ram-head 50 34 Falmouth 50 22 Lizard 50 10 A Tyde Table for the Channel between England and France from the Island of Silly unto the North-Foreland shewing what Moon maketh the highest Water upon the Coast and in the Harbours and how the Tyde doth set and how long it doth run to the eastward in the Channel The Names of the Ports or Head-Lands What Point the Moon is upon to make a full Sea in these Places Upon what Point of the Compass the Tyde sets to the eastwards in the Channel thwart of these Places How the Tyde sets in the Channel 4 5 or 6 leagues