beasts wherewith it is infested These two together are called the Pityusae by Strabo from the multitude of Pine trees there growing About them lye Moncolibre Dragonera other lesser Ilands for the most part vninhabited and not worth relation VVITHOVT THE STRAIGHTS CADIZ THe Iland is situated neere vnto the mouth of the riuer Guadalquivir distant about 700 paces from the maine Land of Andaluzia ioyned thereunto with a bridge called Puente de Suaço The Land is fruitfull enriched besides with fishing and making of Salt and by meanes of the West-Indian traffique the bay thereof serving as a roade for the fleetes and ships passing betwixt Sivilla and that Continent Cadiz is the onely towne Gades of Pliny and Strabo Gadira of Ptolemy founded by the Tyrians becomming afterwards a famous municipium of the Romans and one of their foure iuridicall resorts for the Province of Baetica divided in the time of Strabo into the old and new townes the latter of them hauing beene then lately built by Cornelius Balbus seated in the Westerne part of the Iland It is now a Bishops See and a rich and noted port Here some of the auncients haue put the Pillars of Hercules whose opinion is reiected by Strabo in his third booke who would rather haue them to haue beene placed at the mouth of the Straights either with Pliny where were the hils Calpe and Abila or otherwise in two little Ilands neighbouring to those two hills the Columnes then being worne away through antiquity and the places retaining only the accompt and names hereof Other Ilands appertaining to the Continent of Spaine and situated without the Straights in the maine Ocean are Berlinga against Portugal betwixt the falls of the riuers Taio and Mondego those of Baiona lying against that Towne and Galitia and Zaziga with others before the towne of Corunna conjectured by L. Nonius to be the Cassiterides of Strabo THE EIGHT BOOKE COntayning the present bounds situation and quality of the countrey of France The Inhabitants The victorie and great renowne of the auncient Gaules and Frenchmen A description of the moderne French manners Their Languages and Religion Their Bishops The reuenues of the Cleargie The maner of the ciuill gouernment The Courts of Parliament Bailliages and Seneschausses The King His maner of Succession The Salique Law The title of most Christian King His dominion and revenues The countreys or greater divisions of France FRANCE NAmed thus from the victorious and renowned nation of the Frenchmen It is bounded vpon the South with the Sea Mediterranean vpon the West and South-west with the Westerne or Aquitanique Ocean and the Pyrenaean Mountaines from Spaine vpon the North with the English channell vpon the East North-East first with Alpes from Italy then with a line drawn from thence on the hither side of the Rhijn vnto the town of Calis dividing it from the Low-countries and Germany The greatest length hereof is 660 Italian miles or 330 French The breadth 570 the circumference or compasse 2040 of the same miles It is situated betwixt the 20 and 38 degrees of longitude and the 41½ and 52 degrees of Northerne latitude or betwixt the 13 or middle paralel of the 5 clime where the longest day hath 15 houres the 19 or middle paralel of the 8 clime where the same contayneth 16 houres and an halfe The Ayre in regard thereof is very temperate and pleasing not so hot and scorching as Spaine before described nor so cold raw as are the more Northerne parts The countrey is no lesse pleasant then fruitfull stored with all varieties whether for necessity or ornament sporting and prodigall nature can afford plaine for the most part and numerously inhabited not encombred with so many desert and fruitles wasts of woods marishes and mountaines ordinarie to neighbouring regions not vndeservedly accompted the Garden and Paradise of Europe The chiefer commodities sent out from hence are corne wines with the former whereof the wants that way of Spaine are abundantly supplied with the other those of England and more Northerne countries It yeeldeth such plenty of salt as which might seem sufficient to store all Europe a no small part of the riches of the kingdome It likewise bringeth forth great abundance of oliues figs and other sorts of most delicious fruites proper to hotter countries in the Southerne parts where lie Provence Languedoc The more auncient inhabitants were the Gaules renowned in times past for their many great and famous victories atcheived thorough the world From these the warlike nations of the Celtiberi Lusitani and Astures in Spaine were descended These vnder their captaine Segovesus victoriously raunged over all Germany from whom haue sprung the Bohemians and Bavarians with other people of that continent from whence most probably continuing their conquests as far as Scythia they there founded the Celtoscythae These vnder Bellovesus brother to Segovesus about the same time passing ouer the Alpes conquered the next part of Italy vnto them called afterwards from hence Gaule Cisalpina After this by Brennus they tooke and sacked Rome Afterwards by Belgius and another Brennus with vnresistable might they rāsacked Illyricum Pannony Greece Thrace from whence vnder Lomnorius and Lutorius ferrying over the Hellespont they subdued the whole Asia lying on this side of the Mountaine Taurus which together with the neighbouring countrey of Syria they a long time held vnder their tribute seating about the riuer Halys and occasioning there the name of the Gallo-Greekes or Galatae The first who conquered this victorious nation and made them subject to forreine lawes to let passe their private differences with Ariovistus and the Germans were the Romans as in part by former captaines so totally by C Iulius Caesar immediately before his civill wars with Pompey In the raigne of the Emperour Gratian came first hither the Britons from the iland of great Bretaigne placed in Gaule Armorique by the Tyrant Maximus rebelling against Gratian from whom that part hath since beene named Bretaigne Not long after in the raigne of the Emperour Honorius the Burgundians were received in intruding amonst the Hedui Sequani then the Visigots to whom Gaule Narbonensis was allotted Shortly after in the raigne of the third Valentian the Franci or Frenchmen breake in who the Romans beaten out and the other barbarians subdued in a short time make themselues masters of the whole province giving the name of France therevnto Since the French conquest and monarchy the Vascones a Spanish people after Pasquier in the time of king Dagobert the first or as in Chesne in the raigne of Guntran king of Orleans breaking forth of the Pyrenaean mountaines here seazed vpon that part of Aquitania which since from thence hath bin called Gascoigne Afterwards in the raigne of Charles the Simple the Normans by force composition got possession of the countrey called Neustria named since from these Normandy The whole inhabitants by meanes of their
where lie the Bishoprickes of Munster Paderborn Breme and Hildesheim with Engern and the Earledome of Ravensperg The Laccobardi Dulingâ— Teâ—tonari Avarpi The Longi-mani and Longi-Didâ—ni where now 〈◊〉 in 〈◊〉 The Calucones The Banochaemae inhabiting after Pirckhermerus about Cottowitz and Dresen The Batini Corconti Luti-Buri The Sidones now the Dukedome of Oppolen The Cogni The Visburgij after Pirckhermerus the part of Morauia about Olmuntz The Nertereanes after Pirckhermerus with the Casuari and Danduti coÌ„taining now the Earledome of Henneberg the countries Puchen and Ron the townes of Smalcald Koberg Egra and others The Danduti The Tubanti after Pirckhermerus now the country Essfeld and the wood Hartz The Turiochâ—mae The Curiones containing after Pirckhermerus with the Chaetuori Parmae Campi now the Lower Austria where lie the townes of Krems Znaem and Niclaspurg The Chaetuori Parmae Campi Teracatriae and Racatae The Baemi encompassed with the wood Hercynian containing then the Marcomanni and inhabiting now the countrie of Bohemia In these parts dwelt sometimes a remainder of the vanquished Boij of the Gaules Cisalpine of Italy after some abode here expulsed hence before the time of my author by the Marcomanni leaving notwithstanding here their name and memoriall of their dwelling the people being called here Bâ—mi by Ptolemy as was their country Boiemum by Tacitus by Paterculus Boiohâ—mium and now after sundry changes of inhabitants Bohemia Pliny addeth the Vindili the Vâ—ndalij of Tacitus the Vandâ—li of Cassiodorus Ingaevones Istaevones and Hermiones with the Peâ—cini being the fiue generall all parts or nations whereinto he distributeth the whole country containing sundry lesser people The Burgundiones part of the Vindili after Ph. M. adioining to the sea Baltique and containing the parts of the Dukedomâ—s of Mecklembarg and Pomeren where stand the townes of Rostoch and Sâ—nd In the raigne of the Emperour Valentiâ—ian the first these leaving that their ancient habitation to the number of fowresoare thousand fighting men descended to the Rhijn and borders of Gaule received shortly afterwards into Gaule by Stilico in the raigne of the Emperour Honorius giving there the name vnto the people and country of Burgundy Strabo addeth the 〈…〉 whose interpretations we finde not The Ilands belonging to this continent were after Ptolemy those of the Saxones distant 750 sladia from the moâ—â—th of the river Albis three named Alociae lying about the 〈◊〉 Chersonesâ—â— and fower called the Standiae situated towards the East of the Chersonese of which the three lying next vnto the Chersonese were lesser Ilands The fourth standing more Easterly more properly named Sâ—andia was of very large extent seated thwart of the riuer Vistula Solinus nameth this last the Ilâ—nd Scandinavia the biggest after his accompt of the German Ilands It containeth now the kingdomes of Sweathlandt and Norwaie with Schonen and Hallandâ— belonging vnto Denmarke by later and more exact discoueries found to ioyne vnto the continent Besides these Mela maketh mention of the seauen Hemodes situated then in the bay Codanus coÌ„taining now the ilands of DeÌ„marke lying in the mouth of the Sundt The greatest and the most fruitfull hereof he nameth the iland Codanonia most probably now Zealandt the royall seat and residence of the kings of Denmarke from whence most probably and the Baye Codanus in succeeding times begun first and was occasioned the name of the Danes A chiefe cause of so great differences and defects wee haue found here in the interpretations of the many German Nations hath beene the auncient rudenes of the country being without citty or ciuill habitation by which as with more certaine landmarkes remaining to posterity they might afterwards be distinguished and knowne We adde the sauagenes of the people not safely to be trauailed amongst and conuersed withall by strangers in danger still of their cruelty and vnnaturall sacrifices We may adde againe their often flittings as each nation had power and will to kill to driue out an other and to remoue into their voide places These during the Roman greatnes had onely the fortune not to be enthralled to the bondage hereof endangered once by Drusus in the raigne of Caesar Augustus but freed by the victory of Arminius and the death of Varus and his Legions neglected afterwards as a people for their valour vnconquerable or not worth the conquest in regard of their pouerty or through a satiety of that Empire state ouerburdened with prouinces solicitous to keepe what they had gotten and not ouer-greedy of more for this cause in regard of their restles and vndaunted 〈◊〉 pâ—un'd in with most powerfull garrisons armies hereof consisting in the raigne of the Emperour Tiberiuâ— of twelue Legions with their wings and aides whereof eight attended the shore of the Rhijn and fower that of the Danow by meanes of their continuall alarums and schirmishes herewith accompted the most warlicke and best experienced souldiers that common-wealth had Towards the waine of the Romanâ—Empire as after the same was expired those auncient names of inhabitants before mentioned and set downe being by little and little worne out and quite extinguished through their fights and butcheries amongst themselues their transmigrations into forraine countries their affection and vnions into new names and the flittings and invasions of the Sarmatiâ—ns and more Eastâ—rne people the country including Pannonia Rhaetia and Noricum shortly after confounded in the name and accompt hereof became peopled with 13 for the most part different names of the Saxons Almans French Thâ—ringians Boioarians Hunnes Lombards Avâ—res Hungarianâ— Daâ—â—s Norâ—egians Sâ—ethidi and Solaeves whose originall and whole fortunes and of the moderne kingdomes and states issuing from them wee are in the next place to relate beginning with the Saxons The SAXONS Amongst other more vnlikely Etymologies some deriue the name hereof from a short kinde of weapon they vsed called in their language Saxa Others from the Saci a people of Asia remembred by Herodotus Xenophon and Pliny and with the Getae Daci and other Barbarous nations remouing into these Westerne parts Others from the Sassones a people in the North part of Asia mentioned by Ptolâ—mie which name of all the rest suiteth best with the present now called in their language Sasses and their country Sassen or Sachsâ—n I rather thinke that the name is first and ancient without any knowne derivation as were those other names of the Dutch people before mentioned Their first mention we finde in Ptolemie who liued about the raigne of the Emperour Antoninus Pius placed as is before set downe In Histories we first read of them in the raigne of the Emperour Diocleâ—â—â—â— with the French infesting then the Sea-coast of Gaule Belgicke and Armorique Afterwards wee againe heare of them in the raigne of Constantius and Iulianus by Zosimus in his third booke where hee giueth them the chiefe place for strength hardinesse and valour aboue the rest of the Barbarians of those parts
the sea The citty is large rich populous and of great state inhabited by wealthy marchants and industrious tradesmen the chiefe towne of Zealandt and one of the most flourishing Empories of Europe About a Dutch mile from hence vpon the Ocean standeth the strong castle of Rammekens ZVIT-BEVERLANT SItuated betwixt Walcheren and Brabant The onely towne of note is Goes standing on the North side of the Iland Betwixt this and Brabant lyeth a drowned land sometimes part of the Iland NORT-BEVERLANT LYing betwixt Zuyt-beverlant and Schouwen The Iland is little not having any walled towne peopled onely with villages WOLFERSDIICK IT is a little Iland betwixt Nort and Zuyt-Beverlants containing onely two boroughs or villages BE-OESTER-SCHELT LYing betwixt the right chanell of the Scheldt and the Ilands Gaurede and Voorn of Holland It containeth the Ilands of Schouwen Duvelant and Tolen SCHOVWEN SEated towards the North-West Hollandt the chiefest of the division containing six Dutch miles in circuit Townes here are Zerick-zee vpon the Ocean Brauwershaven inhabited by Fishermen DVVELANT HAving in compasse about foure Dutch miles and situated neere vnto Schouwen betwixt that Iland and Tholen named thus from the abundance of Pigeons there breeding It hath no towne of note containing only Villages In the yeare 1520 the sea breaking in the whole was overwhelmed with a deluge of waters The breaches since that time haue been made vp and the land recouered TOLEN CAlled thus from a towne of that name It lyeth betwixt Duvelant and the North-West point of Brabant against Steenbergen and Bergen op Zoom divided from that continent by a narrow creeke or arme of the sea All these Ilands together containe 8 walled townes and about 100 boroughs or villages The more ancient inhabitants were the Mattiaci of Tacitus HOLLANDT BOunded vpon the South with the Ilands of Zealandt vpon the West and North with the German Ocean vpon the North-East with the Zuyder Zee and West-Freislandt and vpon the East with the Zuyder Zee Vtreicht and Gelderlandt The country is low and fenny the Westerne sea-coasts excepted which like vnto those of Flanders swell with a perpetuall ridge of sandy downes trenched with innumerable dikes water-courses for the dreaning of the marishes and the more easie conveyance of merchandise affording plenty of very excellent pasturages milke butter cheese cattle and horses of extraordinary bignesse but yeelding little fruits corne or other staple commodities No place notwithstanding is for the quantitie more populous more full of rich and well gouerned townes or better stored with all sorts of provision whether for necessitie or ornament conveyed hither by sea from all countries and nations by the industrious inhabitants thereof It is divided into the South and North-Hollandts SOVTH-HOLLANDT COntained betwixt the Ilands of Zealandt and the middle Channell of the Rhijn continued from Vtreicht to Leyden Chiefer townes are Schoonhoven vpon the Leck Dort seated Iland-like amongst waters vpon the Merwe or Nieuwe Maes broke off from the Continent by an invndation hapning in the yeare 1421. The towne is large populous rich and well traded commanding the trafique and navigation of the Maes Waell below whose confluence it standeth Betwixt it and S. Gertrudenberg in Brabant lie for a great space the drowned lands of Herderwert Munsterkirck Dubbelmund and other villages overwhelmed by the forenamed deluge in the yeare 1421 many of whose ruines now appeare vnder water Rotterdam situated nere vnto the Maes vpon the Rotter a dike or channell so called giuing the name herevnto a rich Empory and a noted port the country of the learned Erasmus Betwixt this and Dort at a little towne called Krimpen the Lecke one of the three mainer branches of the Rhijn falleth into the Maes Oudewater vpon the Ysel a dike drawne from the middle channell of the Rhijn Goude vpon the Ysel Delf Graven-Hage a faire and populous open towne seated vnder the downes in the most healthfull and open part of the country the Parliament or chiefe Court of iustice for Hollandt and the ordinary residence of the Delegates or Generall States of the confederate Provinces containing about two thousand houses Leyden Lugdunum Batavorum of Ptolemie now a noted Vniversitie Hither sometimes passed the middle channell of the Rhijn receaued into the Ocean not farre from hence betwixt the townes of Catwijck and Nortwijck since the maine streame being diverted another way by the Leck continued hither by a small current stopped here by the intervening sandy downes and vnder another name of the Vâ—iet turned into the Maes at Sluys a little village against Brill There belongeth to this division the Ilands of Voorn wherein is seated the strong towne of Brill Somersdijck Corendijck Rierschille and Gaurede divided from the maine land by the Maes and continued betwixt this river and the Ilands of Schouwen Duvelant and Tolen of Zealandt NORTH-HOLLANDT COntaining the division lying betwixt the middle channell of the Rhijn and the Zuyder-Zee and West-Freislandt Chiefer townes are Naerden vpon the Zuyder-Zee Haerlem neere vnto the Lake named from hence Haerlem-meer Alcmaer encompassed round with deepe fens and Marishes Amsterdam vpon the Ye a navigable gullet or inlet of the Zuyder-Zee and the dyke or river Amstel parting and giuing the name to the towne The citty is new not much exceeding the date of 400 yeares at this day especially since the warres of the Lowe Countries and the decay of trade in Antwerpe and the townes subject to the Archduchesse growne to that state that for beautie riches and all sorts of bravery magnificence it may contend with the best Citties of Europe and for number and strength of shipping doth farre exceed the most great and flourishing Empories of the world A no small cause hereof besides the opportunitie of the sea and the reasons alleaged hath heen the vnpleasantnes of the neighbouring country wholy possessed with deepe and il-favoured marishes forcing the people hither as to a more commodious dwelling and to the exercise of trade and negotiation and desire of seeing forraine better countries Horn vpon a spacious crooke or bay of the Zuyder Zee Enchuysen at the entrance of the Zuyder Zee thwart of West-Freislandt noted ports Medenblick vpon the Ocean There appertaine to this division the Ilands of Wieringen and Texel situated towards the North betwixt this the Ocean The more ancient inhabitants of South-Hollandt were part of the war-like nation of the Batavi Those of North-Hollandt were part of the Frisij Minores of Ptolemie The whole containeth some 33 walled townes and 400 villages STIFF VTRECHT INclosed vpon the West South and North with Hollandt and confining vpon the East with Gelderlandt Townes here are Cuilenborg vpon the Leck Wijck de Duersteden Batauodurum of Tacitus in his 5 booke the mansion then of the second Roman Legion situated now vpon the middle channell of the Rhijn at what place this diuerteth into the Lecke Amersfort Vtreicht the chiefe towne named thus from the
held with this title vnder the soueraignty and right of the kings of Denmarke The line masculine of the Dukes extinguished it returned againe to the crowne giuen not long after by Queen Margaret vnto Gerard Count of Holstein whose male succession in the yeare 1459 failing in Adolph the last Earle it was lastly incorporated with the kingdome by Christierne the first as it now continueth Chiefer townes are Sleswijck before mentioned a Bishops sea named thus from the river Slea vpon which it is situated Close by standeth the faire Castle of Gottorp the seat of the Dukes of Sleswijck where tol is paid of the many droues of Oxen passing yearely this way out of the Chersonese into Germany From hence in imitation of the Picts wall in England hath beene drawne westward ouer land a long trench or wall called now by the inhabitants Dennewerck raised after Aymonius for the better defence of the Chersonese against the neighbouring Saxons by Godfrey king of the Danes in the raigne of the Emperour Charles the Great Husem vpon the German or westerne Ocean not far froÌ„ the mouth of the riuer Eydore Flensborch a noted empory seated amongst hills vpon a nauigable creeke or inlet of the Sundt Hadersleue a Bishops sea vpon a nauigable inlet of the sea Baltick where with it is round encompassed against the Iland Funen graced with the beautiful castle of Hansburg begun by Iohn duke of Holstein but finished by Frederick the 2 d K. of Denmarcke These lye in Suder-Iutland or the dukedome of Sleswijck Beda seemeth to place here the famous Angli the founders of the moderne English nation during the raigne of the Emperour Valentinian the 3 d departing froÌ„ hence into the Iland of Great Bretaine In Nort-Iutland Kolding vpon a creeke of the sea Balticke Arhusen a Bishops sea and a noted port vpon the Sundt Against this and the great promontory Hellenis lie the Ilands Samsoe Hielm Hilgenes with others belonging to the continent hereof Wiborch within the land a Bishops sea and the chiefe place of iudicature of the Chersonese Alborch vpon the baye Limfort which is a long creeke of the sea Baltick extending through the maine land westwards almost as farre as the German Ocean The part of the Chersonese lying vpon the North of this bay is named by the inhabitants Wendsyssel West hereof the country is called Hanhaeret where is the high rock Skarringklint a noted sea marck The German Ocean coasting Iutland especially the part neighbouring to this rock is full of sholes and quicksands for this cause carefully avoided by marriners sayling towards Norwey and the Ilands of the Sundt Tysted Nicoping Ripen a Bishops sea vpon the German Ocean The length of both the Iutlands with the neighbouring dukedome of Holstein or from the riuer Elb vnto the towne of Schagen the most Northerly point of the Chersonese Cellarius accompteth at 80 German miles the breadth at twenty of the same miles THE ILANDS OF THE SVNDT THese lye in the mouth of the Sundt betwixt Iutlandt and Schonen The more remarqueable and greater Ilands are Funen and Zelandt FVNEN LYing against the townes of Kolding and Hadersleue in Iutland containing 12 Dutch miles in length and 4 in breadth The chiefe towne is Odensee a Bishops sea ZELANDT SEated betwixt Funen and the maine land of Schonen the greatest of the Ilands and the seat of the Prince Chiefer townes here are Rotschilt a Bishops sea The Bishops hereof haue the honour to annoint the kings at the time of their inauguration Helschenor or Elsenor at the entrance of the Sundt The narrow sea betwixt this and Schonen containeth only a Dutch mile in breadth commaunded by two castles lying vpon each side of the straight that of Helsenburg in Schonen and of Cronenburg in Zealandt Here all the ships which in great numbers passe continually towards Swethen Prussen and the East-lands stop and pay custome the best part of the princes revenues In the strong and magnificent castle of Cronenburg founded by Fredericke the second the king more commonly resideth Koppen hagen farther downe vpon the Sundt a noted port the chiefe towne of the kingdome where flourisheth an Vniversity of the Danes and Norvegians begun by Eric the ninth but perfected by Christian the first and the succeeding princes endowed with liberall revenues Vpon the East hereof lyeth the Iland Amagger making a safe road for ships which ride at ancher betwixt it and the towne Other Danish Ilands are Alsen against Flensborch and Suder-Iutland vnto the which it appertaineth containing 4 Dutch miles in length and two in breadth Aar having three parishes and seated betwixt Alsen and Zelandt Langeland betwixt Aar and Zelandt in length 7 Dutch miles Falstre in length 8 Dutch miles vpon the South of Zelandt Lawland vpon the West of Falstre from the which it is divided by a narrow creeke of the sea besides almost infinite others whose names wee know not or which are not worth relating These Ilands are togither called by Meâ—a the Hemodes Zealandt he nameth the Iland Codanonia the greatest of the Hemodes HALLANDT LYing in the maine land of Scandia against North-Iutlandt The onely place of note is the strong castle of Warsberg SCHONEN COntaining the part of the same continent against the Iland of Zelandt Places of better note are Helsenburg a towne and castle opposite to Elsenor Lunden an Arch-bishops sea Malmuyen or Ellebogen a noted Empory vpon the Sundt against Koppen-hagen BLEKING PArt of the same continent and having vpon the West Schonen The chiefe place is Vsted THE KINGDOME OF NORWEY BOunded vpon the South with Denmarck vpon the West and North with the Ocean and vpon the East with the kingdome of Swethen from the which it is divided by a perpetuall ridge of asperous and high mountaines The sea here is exceeding deepe and affordeth plenty of good fishing The land is very large and spacious but rockie mountainous and barren full of thicke wild and vast woods cold and ill inhabited It yeeldeth but little corne and in the parts more neere to Lapland and the Pole Articke not any at all in regard of which want the inhabitants eat bread made of Stockfish It chiefly venteth abroad fish furres and skinnes of wild beasts masts raft pitch tarre and the like commodities issuing from wood The people are plaine honest louers of strangers hospitall for their ability haters of pilfering theeuing They are not suffered by the Danes to vse shipping or to export their owne merchandise out of the kingdome which profit these solely engrosse vnto themselues Their religion is the Lutheran or Protestant the same with the Danes belonging in matters Ecclesiasticall vnto the Archbishop of Trundtheim and the Bishops of Bergen Anslo Staffanger and Hammar They were sometimes commanded by Princes of their owne now by the kings of Denmarck diuided into 5 Prefectures or juridicall resorts of Bahuys Aggerhuys Bergerhuys Trundtheim
containe togither after Matalius some 40000 inhabitants Their chiefest and best knowne are Cherso Ossero Vegia Arbe Pago Lezina Curzola Lagusta and Melida CHERSO AND OSSERO STanding in the Gulfe or Bay Carnero called thus from their townes Cherso and Ossero They were sometimes both one Iland named Absorus by Ptolemy and Absirtium by Plinie cut through and divided into two by their Lords the Venetians and ioyned since by a bridge Both of them containe togither about 140 Italian miles in compasse and not aboue 5000 inhabitants VEGIA NAmed Caricta by Ptolemie and Carictae by Plinie It lyeth betwixt the Iland Cherso and the towne of Zegna in the firme land containing some 80 or after others 100 miles in circuit and 10000 inhabitants much more populous then the former It hath a towne of the same name with a convenient harbour ARBE NAmed Scardona by Ptolemy by Plinie Arba from a towne thus called yet retaining the name The land is pleasant but without harbour having 30 miles in compasse and some 3000 inhabitants PAGO LYing against Nona in the continent and name Issa by Strabo Ptolemy and Pliny It hath a towne of this name and containeth 100 miles in compasse The Salt-workes here yeeld great profit to the inhabitants and the common-wealth of Venice LEZINA NAmed Parus and Pharus by Strabo by Ptolemie Pharia by Plinie Pharia Paros and Pharos It is biggest of the Ilands hauing a towne of the same name with a good and spacious harbour CVRZOLA CAlled thus from the towne of this name Strabo nameth this Iland Corcyra or Melaena Ptolemy Corcura or Melana more rightly Pliny Corcyra surnamed Melaena or the Black It containeth 90 miles in circuit distant about a mile from the Continent MELIDA LYing betwixt the towne of Raguzi and Curzola and named Melita by Pliny With the Ilands Lagusta and Dandrem it is subiect to the Common-wealth of Raguzi FINIS a Europa autem neque an fit mari circumflua neque vnde hoc nomen acceperit neque quis nominis author ab aliquo mortalium coÌ„pertum est nisi dicat aliquis ab Europa Tyria nomen accepisse regioneÌ„ neque ante à sicut caeteras nomen habuisse Tamen illam ex Asia fuisse constat neque in hanc comme asse terram quae à Graecis vocatur Europa sed è Phoenice tantum in Cretam è Creta in Africam Heâ—odoti Melpomene b Ideo quae in Europâ sunt prius Collocavimus eamque nos à Libya Herculeo devisimus freto ab Asia verò pelago interjacenti ac palude Moeoti flumineque Tanai ac eo Meridiano qui ad terram pretonditur incognitam C. Ptolemei Geog. lib. 2. c. 1. vid. etiam Srab Georg. lib. 2. C. Ptolem. Geog. l. 2. c. 1. a Aristides b Solini Polyhist c. 25. c Gerard Mercat in Britannia Ptol. Geog. lib. 8. c. 3. a Poet. Germ. Citat á Camdeno de Anglo Saxonibus v. etiam Comment loachimi Vadiani in Pompon Melae lib. 3. de Hispan Septent Iâ—â—sulis b v. Caesaris Com. Bell. Gal. lib. 6. c v. Trithemium de Ecclesiasticis Scriptoribus Annal. Gallicos c. d v. Caes. Com. Bell. Gall. lib. 6. Taciti Iulij Agricolae vitaÌ„ e v. Annal. Eccl. Baronij Anno Christi 35. f Malmesbur de antiq Glaftoniae g Nicephori Callisti Eccles. Histor. lib. 2 c. 4. h Dorothei Synops de vità morte prophetarum i Menologium Graecorum 10 die Maij. k Martyrologium Romanum 28 Octob. l Martyrologium Bedae S. Calend Novemb. m Dorothei Synopsis de vita morte prophetarum n Bedae Eccles. Histor. Anglorum lib. 1. c. 4. o ib. lib. 1 c. 6. 7. p v. Geldae Epistolam de excidio conquestu Brittanniae m v. Annales Eccl. Coes. Baronij Anno Christi 183. n quaedam civitates Cogiduno regi donatae vetere iam pridem recepta populi Romani consuetudine vt haberet instrumenta servitutis reges Corn. Tacit vita Iulij Agricolae o Britanorum inaccessa Romanis loca Christo sunt subdita Tertullian adversus Iudaeos cap. 7. vide etiam Theodoret ad Graecos Infideles Serm. 9 Nicephori Callisti Histor. Eccl. lib. 3. c. 1. p Bedae Ec. His Anglorum lib. 1. c. 8. q ibidem r ibidem lib. 1. c. 10. 17. 21. s v. Balaei Cent. 1. nu 55 c. Bedae eccl Histor. Anglorum lib. 2. 2. v. infrà t v. Corn. Tacitum de moâ—ibus Germâ—â—orum v Malmesbur de Gestis Anglorum lib. 1. c. 1. c. a Sicut è â—ntrá Britones qui nolebant Anâ—lis eam quam habebant fidei Christianae notitiam pandere c. Bedae Eccl. Histor. lib. 5. c. 23. v. etiam eâ—usdem Ec. Hist. lib 2. c. 2. 20. et lib. 5. cap 24. b Ibidem lib. â— c. â—3 c. et lib. 2. c. 1. 5. et 6. c Fâ—or Histor. per Matth â—um Westmon d Bedae Eccl. Histor. Anglorum l. 2. c. 3. et 5. et l. 3. c. 22. e Ibidem l. 2. c. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. et 14. c. v. etiam Eiusdem l. 3. c. 1 et 3. f Ibidem lib. 2 c. 15. et l. 3. c. 18. g Ibidem lib. 3. c. 7. h Ibidem lib. 3 c. 21. 23. et 24. et lib. 4. c. 3. i Cedda Adda Beâ—ti et Diuma permittente Rege Penda Bedae Eccles. Histor. Aug. l. 3. c. 21. et Cellach Trumhere â—aromano et Ceadda sub Pâ—ada et Wulfhere ib. l. 3. c. 24. k Habuit autem Ceadda sedem Episcopalem in loco qui vocatur Liccid feld in quo et defunctus est et sepultus vbi vsque hodiè se quentium quoque provinciae illius Episcaporâ— sedes est ib. l. 4. c. 3. l Ib l. 4 â— 13. m Ib. l. 4 c. 16. n Ib. l. 3. c. 26. v etiam Eiusdem l. 3. c. 5 et 28. o Bedae Eccl. Histor. Anglorum l. 5. c. â—1 etâ—2 Alberti Krantzij Metrop l. 1. c. 6. 7. et 8 Magdeburg Cent. 8. c 2 Baron Annal. Eccles. Anno Christi 697. et 710. q Pectheimus Bedae Ec. Hist. lib. 5. c. 24. r quod vt facilius maiore authoritate perficeret Naitanus rex Pictorum quaesivit auxilia de gente Anglorum quos iamdudum ad exempium sanctae Romanae Apostolicae Ecclesiae suam religionem instituisse cognovit Bedae Eccles. Histor. Angloâ—um l. 5. c. 22. s Flores Hist. per Mat. West Monaster An. 727. 794. t vid. infra v v. Bedae Eccl. Hist. l. 2. c. 2. x Ibid. l. 2. c. 2. l. 5. c. 24. y Ibid. l. 3. c. 29. a Concili Râ— Palestin Pontic Gallâ—â— Osroen et Ephesin habit circa An D 198 Victore Pontifice Rom. Severo Imperat. et Concil Nicen â— sub Imperat. Constantino magno v. Binij Concil Tom 1 et Eusebij Ec Histor l 5 c 22 b v Hoveden Partem priorom in
OF THE STATE OF EVROPE XIIII Bookes CONTAINING THE HISTORIE AND RELATION OF THE MANY PROVINCES HEREOF Continued out of approved Authours BY GABRIEL RICHARDSON BATCHELOVR in Divinitie and FELLOW of BRASEN-NOSE College in Oxford OXFORD Printed for HENRY CRIPPS An. Dom. 1627. TO THE RIGHT REVEREND FATHER IN GOD IOHN Lord Bishop of LINCOLNE one of his Maiesties most Honourable Privie Councell and Visitour of Brasen-Nose Colledge in OXFORD Right Reverend and my Honourable good Lord THE certaine hopes that Bishop Smith our Founder of blessed memory conceaues in his Statutes of all his successours for the protection of his College giues me the meanest of that Societie some heart to present these my first and weake labours to your Honours Patronage But more bold I am vpon your imbred and vnderived pronenesse to the advancement of Scholasticall indeavours whereof both the Vniversities Colleges Schooles Libraries enriched by your magnificent hand are daily and pregnant arguments This enlarging of the bowels of compassion towards learning in these later and straighter times as it is a miracle for the rarenesse so ought we all of vs both to powre out our praiers to God for such ample dispensers of this goodnes to men as also our vtmost labours with all thankfull acknowledgment to preserue their memories And if my selfe shal cast a mite into this treasurie pardon Right Honourable a boldnesse that proceeds out of an amazed esteeme of this your owne and vnimitable quality as from a most humble devotion to your everlasting honour and happinesse Your Lordships most humble devoted GABRIEL RICHARDSON OF THE STATE OF EVROPE THE FIRST BOOKE COntayning a generall survey of EVROPE and of the Iland of Great Britaine with the present bounds situation and quality of England The Inhabitants Their description languages and affaires of religion vnto our times The Bishops and Cleargie The civill gouernment The King His title of Defendour of the Faith The Nobles Gentrie and Commons The great victories and Conquests of the English Their no lesse disgraces and losses abroad by meanes of their quarrells and dissentions The devision of the Kingdome into Shires Tithings and Hundreds The ranke and number of the Shires EVROPE THe vniversall Globe of the Earth our moderne better experienced times haue found distinguished into fiue greater devisions whervnto all the rest belong are parts the New-found Lands of America and Magellanica detected by late discoueries and those of Asia Africa and Europe lying in one Continent and onely known vnto ancient ages Of these the least but most noble part is Europe the seate of Christianity and of the Church of God and the nurse of victorious and famous nations the glorious Conquerours of the World wherein banished from all other countryes mastered by tyrannie basenes ignorance and barbarisme religion civility arts knowledge libertie and valour at this day rest confined the subiect of this discourse The Etymologie hereof is altogether vncertaine The more exact bounds are vpon the North the Frozen Seas of Lapland and Norwey vpon the West the Vergiuian and Atlantique Oceans vpon the South the Straights of Gibraltar and the Sea Mediterranean from Africa and vpon the East from Asia the Archi-pelago the Seas Maggiore and Zabache the riuer Don and a line continued from thence vnto the White Sea or Baye of S. Nicholas It is situated betwixt the 36 and 71 1 2 degrees of Northerne latitude and the 5 and 59 degrees of Longitude accompting from the Meridian by the Azores The longest day at the towne of Gibraltar in Spaine which is the most Southerne point containeth about 14 houres and a quarter At Wardhuis the point most Northerly the greatest continuance of the Sunne aboue the Horizon lasteth 2 whole moneths 22 dayes some 7 houres It containeth the distinct Provinces and names of Spaine France Germanie the Low-Countries Switzerland Denmarke Norwey Sweathland Prussen Leifland Poland Lithuania Podolia part of the Tartars and Russes Hungarie Transsylvania Walachia Moldavia Bulgaria Bosna Servia Rascia Windish-land Italy and Greece seated in the maine land and of Ilands lying in the Ocean beside some lesser those of Island Freisland Great Brittaine Ireland Cadiz Mallorca Menorca Sardinia Corsica Sicilie and Candia with those many of the Archi-pelago devided amongst 9 greater Monarchs the Emperours of the Romans or Germans Russes and Turkes and the Kings of Great Brittaine France Spaine Denmarke Sweathland Poland together with the free Common-wealths and inferiour Princes of the Netherlands Italy the Switzers and Grisons Ptolemie in his 2 Booke sorteth these into the c more Westerne and the more Easterne Provinces whose methode I haue here obserued In the more Westerne devision he comprehendeth the Brittish Ilands Iberia or Spaine Celto-galatia or Gaule Germany Rhaetia Vindelicia Noricum Pannonia Illyris and Dalmatia contayning now the Kingdomes of Great Brittaine and Ireland Spaine France Germany the Switzers Netherland Denmarke Norwey Sweathland Hungary Windischland Krabbaten Bosna Contado di Zara Dalmatia Albania with their Ilands whose descriptions state and sundry fortunes follow in order GREAT BRITAINE THE Country hath beene thus distinguished from Britaine in France in regard of the lesser extension thereof named the Lesser Britaine It is a famous Iland seated in the Ocean to the North-west of the Continent of Europe some 30 Italian miles where the passage is the narrowest from France or the next maine land the Great Iland as Aristides calleth it another world after Solinus the Worke of sporting Nature after Mercator made more gracefully to adorne the Vniverse the glory of Ilands the Queene and mistresse of the seas and the beauty of the West The bounds are vpon the West part of the Westerne Ocean with S. George his Channell from Ireland vpon the North the open and spacious Northerne seas vpon the East the German Ocean from Denmarke Germany and the Netherlands and vpon the South the English Channell from France The figure hereof is Triangular or Three-square whose Basis might be the Sea-coast towards France It lyeth in the Northern halfe-part of the temperate Zone extended from the 16⅚ vnto the 21 degree of Longitude accompted from the first Meridian by the Azores Ilands and from the 50⅙ degree vnto the 60½ of Northerne Latitude or from beyond the 18 Paralel or the beginning of the eight Clime vnto beyond the 27 Paralel or beginning of the 13 Clime The longest day at the Lizard point in Cornwall the most Southerly part contayneth about 16 houres and a quarter At Straithy head in Scotland which is the point lying farthest to the North the same containeth 18 houres and 3 quarters The length of the Iland from South to North after this accompt is some 620 Italian miles The greatest Breadth betwixt East and West according to a right line is about 250 of the same miles Camden reckoneth 320 miles bending with the crookes and turnings of the Sea-coast The whole circumference he accompteth at 1836 miles A Paralel drawne ouer the middle
the bishopricke of Durham falling into the Ocean below Yarum The Were Vedra of Ptolemy accruing from two little rivulets named Kell-hop and Burn-hop in the Westerne part of the bishopricke tooke in at Monkwermouth below Durham The Tine Tina of Ptolemy distinguished into the South Tine arising in Cumberland nere Alstenmore and the North Tine from Mountaines in the Scottish borders through Tindale and the Picts wall after the receipt of the Riuer Rheade from Rheadesquire-hill in the same borders naming the valley of Rheadesdale aboue Hexham meeting with the South-Tine and together betwixt the bishopricke of Durham and Northumberland disburdened into the Ocean at Tinmouth below New-castle The Alne Alaunus of Ptolemy in Northumberland tooke in below Anwicke The Tweede from Mountaines in Scotland thorough Tweedale afterwards betwixt the two kingdomes tooke in at Berwicke Into the Sea of Seuerne and in Devonshire the Taw and Towridge arising neere to Herty-point Promontorium Herculis of Ptolemy meeting together and in one channell tooke in below Barstaple The Parret in Sommersetshire below Bridgewater and Huntspill falling into the Baye named Vexalla or Vzella by Ptolemy The Vske out of the blacke Mountaine in Brecknockeshire thorough this country and Monmouth-shire tooke in below Newport The Taffe Ratostabius and Ratostibius of Ptolemy thorough Glamorganshire tooke in below Cardiffe The Tovy Tobius of Ptolemy thorough Caermardenshire tooke in below the towne of Caermarden Beyond in Penbrokeshire lyeth Saint Davids head or S. Davids land the Promontorie of the Octopitae of Ptolemy Into the Irish Ocean the Tivy Tuerobis or Tuerobius of Ptolemy out of Lhin-Tivy betwixt Cardiganshire and Penbrokeshire tooke in below Cardigan The Ystwith Stuccia of Ptolemy tooke in at Aber-Ystwith in Cardiganshire Beyond in Caernarvonshire lyeth the great Promontory named Lhein by the Welsh and Canganum or Langanum by Ptolemy The Conwey Tisobis or Toisovius of Ptolemy betwixt Caernarvonshire and Denbighshire tooke in at Aber-conwey The Dee Seteia of Ptolemy arising with two heades from the Mountaines beyond Lhin-tegid or Pimble-meere in Merioneth-shire thorough Denbighshire afterwards betwixt Wales and Cheshire tooke in below Chester The Mersey betwixt Cheshire and Lancashire tooke in below Lirpoole The Ribble Belisamum and Bellisama of Ptolemy out of Craven in Yorkeshire neere the Mountaine Ingleborough thorough Lancashire tooke in below Preston The Lune from the hills of Westmoreland tooke in below Lancaster Beyond betwixt Fournesse and Westmoreland is the great Lake Winander-mere not vnprobably Setantiorum 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or the Lake of the Setantij of Ptolemy The Eden Ituna of Ptolemy out of Richmondshire through Westmoreland and Cumberland by Kirkby-Steven Appleby and Carlile tooke into the Frith of Solway The Leven Eske Sark bounders here of the English and Scottish kingdomes emptyed into the Solway The great Bay by Holme Cultrain on this side of the Frith seemeth to be Moricambe of Ptolemy In Scotland the Annan by Annandale tooke into the Solway below the towne of Annand The Nid Novius or Nobius of Ptolemy out of Logh-Cure tooke into the Solway neere to Dunfreys In Galloway the Dee Deva and Dea of Ptolemy The Ken Iena of Ptolemy The Rian Auravannus and Abravanus of Ptolemy out of Logh-Rian Betwixt the two last lyeth the Mul of Galloway the Chersonese or Promontoric of the Novantes of Ptolemy Beyond quart of Carict lyeth the Bay Rherigonius of the same authour The Cluid at the castle of Dunbriton falling into Dunbriton Frith the Glota of Tacitus and Clota of Ptolemy The Levin Lelaannonius and Lelanonius of Ptolemy out of the Lake Lomond falling into the Cluid at Dunbriton Beyond the Frith is Cantire a long and narrow Chersonese the Promontory Epidium or of the Epidij of Ptolemy In Rosse Lough Longas Longus of Ptolemy Into the German or Easterne sea the Banoc emptyed in the Forth or Frith of Edenborough the Bodotria of Tacitus and Boderia of Ptolemy with the Glota or the Frith of Dunbriton the furthest limits Northwards of the Roman conquests in Britaine The Dee Diva of Ptolemy out of Marre tooke in neere to Aberdon In Murray the Spey In the same country the Losse the Loxa of Ptolemy In Rosse the Cillian the Celnius of Ptolemy Betwixt this and Murray lyeth the Bay named Vara and Vararis by Ptolemy In Catnesse the Wifle probably Ila of Ptolemy Beyond in Strath-Navern are the Promontories Dunsby Viruedrum of Ptolemy Vrde-head Veruvium of Ptolemy And Howburne-head Orcas and Tarvedrum or Tarvisium of the same Authour the extreame parts of the Iland to the North. Many of the riues haue the same names How this hapned wee knowe not THE ANCIENT NAMES OF ENGLAND THe more ancient names hereof in approued Authours were onely those of Albion and Britannia Vnder the common name of the Brittish Ilands Aristotle in his booke de mundo and 3 Chapter comprehendeth both the Ilands of Albion and Ierna or Ibernia The like doth Ptolemy in the 8 booke of his Geographie and 3 chapter Pliny in his 4 booke and 16 chapter observeth all those Ilands situated in the Ocean betwixt Germany and Spaine before this times to haue beene all called by the generall name of Britaine The common name then of the Countrie and of all the neighbouring Iles first and more aunciently was Britaine or the Brittish Ilands The particular name hereof was Albion devised first by the Graecians sayling towards those parts for the discoveries of the Latines or Romans at what time that we first heare of the name reached not so farre being then a meane and obscure state and confined onely within Italy either as some coniecture from Albion a supposed sonne of their Sea-god Neptune an Etymologie not altogether absurd the situation hereof being considered and the vsuall vanity of the Greekes in giuing names to Countryes from their profane gods or which is more probable from the word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 after Festus signifying White in the Greekish language imposed in regard of the white chalky cliffs of the high sea-coast hereof seene by the Mariners a farre of trading in those Seas Afterwards as in Pliny the name of Albion left of it tooke the proper name of Britannia or Britaine The first of Greeke Authours who expressely nameth it Britannia was Athenaeus in his fift booke The first of the Latines were Lucretius and Caesar followed by Strabo Pliny and all other succeeding Historians Geographers Ptolemy excepted who in his second and eight bookes reviueth againe the long forgotten name of Albion The word Britannia or Britaine learned Camden deriueth from the word Brith signifying Painted with the ancient Britons the Greeke word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 signifying a Countrey expressing together a Countrey of painted men giuen by the Greekes the first discouerers from the manner of the inhabitants who after Herodian and others
some 470 yeares after their first invasion hereof by C. Iulius Caesar. The Province at this time after Beda extended Northwards beyond the wall of Severus vnto the Friths of Edenborough Dunbriton for thus we interpret the two armes of the East and Westerne seas mentioned by my Authour the bounders then of the Picts and Scots from the Roman or Southerne Britons BRITAINE RECOVERED BY THE NATIVES THe Romans hauing quite abandoned the Iland the dominion of the Southerne part vnder their king Vortigern returned vnto the natiue Britons These become lazie effoeminate through their long ease and disvse of armes vnder the Roman government and being vnable to withstand the fury of the Scots and Picts pressing vpon them with great violence from the North at their earnest suite a new Legion is sent from the Emperour Honorius and the Romans not now so much their Lords as confederates by whom the enimy is beaten backe By the meanes and perswasion hereof with better advantage to exclude these forragers a fourth trench or wall of turfes is raised vpon or neere vnto the wall of Lollius Vrbicus betwixt the two seas of Edenborough and Dunbriton so often before mentioned They returning home and the Scots and Picts falling to their wonted spoile and outrages another Roman Legion vnder Gallio of Ravenna is obtained from the Emperour Valentinian the third by whom againe with great slaughter the enimy is repulsed and a fift more firme wall of stone erected more Southwards vpon the old trench of the Emperour Severus famous almost entire in the time of Beda my Authour which done the Legion departeth againe into the Continent busied in the defence of Gaule invaded by Attilas and the Huns. After this time the Westerne Empire miserably languishing and drawing towards its last period the distressed Britons destitute of their Roman succours although with teares and much importunity desired of them implore the aide of the neighbouring Saxons and English inhabiting the opposite shore of Germany with whose valour through their long piracies vpon the Eastern coasts hereof they formerly had bin well acquainted In the yeare 449 and raigne of the Emperour Valentinian the third in the I le of Thanet vnder two brethren Hengist and Horsa their Captaines ariue first those Dutch rovers who the common enimy the Scots Picts beatē home suppressed by them after the manner of forreine aides when they grow too strong for their friends turning their swords hereagainst by force and agreement with King Vortigern got seazed of the countrie of Kent which vnder Hengist they erected into a kingdome re-enforced and followed by sundry new Colonies of the same nations planting in other parts of the Iland encouraged by the good fortune of those first intruders the weakenes of the natiues and the riches and fertility of the land Not long after this first inroade his brother Otha and sonne Ebusa are sent for by Hengist by the good leaue of Vortigern taking possession of the Northerne parts beyond Humber pretending their defence against the Picts Scots occasioning afterwards the kingdome of Northumberland About the yeare 488 by Ella another Saxon Captaine is begun the kingdome of the South-Saxons named thus from their situation In the yeare 519 by Cerdicus the kingdome of the West-Saxons by Erchenwin about the yeare 527 the kingdome of the East-Angles by Vffa in the yeare 575 the kingdome of the East-Saxons Lastly by Crida in the yeare 582 the kingdome of the Mercians In this manner the more Easterne plaine countrey being subdued by the Saxons the dominion of the Britons after stoute long resistance became straitned within the Severne and the Westerne Mountaines which after Florilegus hapned by the raigne of Caretius their King succeeding in the yeare 586 some 4 yeares after the beginning of the Mercian kingdome oppressed and driven ouer that bounder by a ioynt war of the Saxon Kings In Cadwallader their last Prince ended the kingdome hereof quitting his Realme departing vnto Rome where he turned Votary deceasing in the yeare of Christ 689. The Brittish Kings vnto Cadwallader followe out of Mathew of Westminster for better authority we haue not or continuing their succession Vortigern elected King of the Britōs after the departure of the Romans noted for his vnchast life vnnaturall lust slougth and many vices the husband of his own daughter in whose raigne the Saxons first entred Britaine Marrying to Rowena daughter vnto Hengist hee gaue Kent by way of composition vnto this his father in law By the permission hereof another English Colony vnder Octa Abissa before mentioned are planted in the North beyond Humber Exasperated against him in regard of this his Dutch affinity and friendship the daily incroaching of the Saxons through his badde gouernment he is deposed by his subiects in the yeare 454 succeeded vnto by Vortimer Vortimer king of the Britons sonne to Vortigern by a former wife VVarring vpon the Saxons he forced them backe after my Authour into Germany their first countrey after Fabian onely into the Iland of Thanet in Kent Malmesburiensis otherwise whom I rather beleeue maketh mention of the death of Horsa brother vnto Hengist slaine in fight by Vortimer and of diverse battailes then fought betwixt the Brittish and English Nations but in most whereof the English still should haue the better He deceased in the yeare 460 after he had raigned six yeares according to my Authour poysoned by his stepmother Rowena after 20 yeares warre according to Malmesburiensis Vortimer deceasing his father Vortigern reassumed the kingdome pursued not long after and burnt in his castle named Genorium by my authour seated amongst the Welsh Mountaines by Aurelius Ambrosius by fire from heauen after Henry of Huntington In this last raigne of Vortigern hapned after my authour the murther of the British nobility to the number of 460 persons perfidiously slaine by Hengist after his returne from Germany recalled by Vortigern at a parlee of the two Nations in the towne of Ambri neere Sarisbury at a banquet or feast after Huntingdonensis Aurelius Ambrosius sonne to that Constantine who vsurped the VVesterne Empire against the Emperour Honorius about the yeare 464 called home out of Gaule Armorique and electesd king Vortigerne being againe deposed To this Prince my Author ascribeth the erection of the monument now called Stone-henge by Ambresoury in VViltshire set vp in memory of the Brittish Nobles slaine there by Hengist in the raigne of Vortigerne Vter surnamed Pendragon brother to Aurelius Ambrosius succeeding in the yeare 498. Arthur son to Vter Pendragon succeeding in the yeare 516. Of this Prince Geffrey of Munmouth and his followers report wonders not onely false but for the most part monstrous and incredible besides his great conquests against the Saxons advancing the Christian banner his victorious ensignes ouer the chiefe parts of the continent of Europe subduing Princes people which neuer were or then were not in being His high
Christian king of Kent and through the preaching of Paulinus the Apostle of those Northern parts first Archbishop of Yorke He began at Yorke the Church of S. Peter appoiting it to bee the Cathedrall of that Metropolitane sea After Redwald he got the soveraignty or chiefe rule amongst the Saxons the eight Monarch of the English Hauing a long time raigned victoriously he was lastly about the yeare 633 slain in battaile by the joint armes of Penda king of the Mercians and of Cadwallo king of the Britons Osric king of Deira son to Alfrid brother to Ella and Eanfrid king of Bernicia son to Ethelfrid after the decease of Edwin returning out of Scotland where they had kept during the raigne hereof and succeeding in the two kingdomes of Northumberland noted by Beda Malmesburiensis for their apostacy from the faith of Christ wherein with Oswald who next succeeded they had been baptized during their exile amongst the Scots and the iust reuenge of God for this their impiety after some one yeares short raigne overcome and slaine by Cadwallo king of the Britons Oswald son to Ethelfrid and brother to Eanfrid hauing vanquished Cadwallo his Britons in a memorable bloudy fight succeeding in both Provinces of Deira and Bernicia He attained likewise to the chiefe rule of the Saxons the ninth Monarch of the English Hee restored in the parts of Northumberland the much decayed Christian Religion by the preachings and especiall industry of Aidan a Scottish man and the first Bishop of Lindisfarne to whom in regard of his ignorance of the Saxon tongue he serued as an interpretour He was slaine by Penda the cruell king of the Mercians in a battaile fought at Maserfield now from hence named Oswaldstree in Shropshire Oswy king of Bernicia naturall son to Ethelfrid and Oswyn king of Deira son to Osric succeeding about the yeare 643 in the two kingdomes of Northumberland Emulation and wars arising betwixt the two Princes and good Oswyn by the treason of Earle Hunwald being deliuered into the hands of Oswy by whom he is wickedly murthered Oswy attaineth to the Dominion of all Northumberland and by the strength and advantage hereof to the chiefe rule and soveraignty of the English the tenth and last Monarch of the English of the house of Northumberland He slew in fight the mercilesse and raging Penda and subdued the Mercians to his will rebelling notwithstanding shortly after and reassuming liberty vnder Vulfhere son to Penda He deceased about the yeare 670. After this Prince the two Provinces of Deira and Bernicia went still vnited vnder one onely king of Northumberland Egfrid king of Northumberland son to Oswy He lost the Monarchy or chiefe rule of the English to Vulf here and the Mercians He was slaine against the Picts entrapped amongst their mountaines Encouraged by this ouerthrow the remainder of the Britons inhabiting Cumberland the Westerne coasts along the Irish Ocean cast off the yoake of the Northumbrians and became a free estate Alkfryd king of Northumberlād naturall son to Oswy Osred king of Northumberland son to Alkfrid He was slaine in fight by Kenred and Osric aiming hereby at the Crowne and through the advantage of his licentious life and many vices Kenred king of Northumberland the murtherer of Osred descended from Ida the first king of Bernicia by his Concubine Osric king of Northumberland associate with Kenred in the treason against Osred Ceolwulph king of Northumberland brother to Kēred He voluntarily resigned the kingdome took the habit of religion in the Iland of Lindisferne now Holy Land Vnto this prince Venerable Bede dedicateth his Ecclesiasticall historie of the English Nation Egbert king of Northumberlād son to Eata brother to Ceolwulf He also left the kingdome and turned religious Oswulph sonne to Egbert after a short raigne slaine by treason Edilwald descended from king Ida by his Concubine slaine by Alured Alured descended from Ida and the same Concubine driven out by his seditious subjects Ethelred son to Edilwald expulsed by the faction of Edelbald and Herebert two noblemen of the Countrie Alswald brother to king Alured murthered by his ever wicked and rebellious subjects Osred son to Alured forced out by the same fury Ethelred son to Edilwald restored to the kingdome after Alswald and Osred in the yeare 794 slaine by his still bad and mutinous subjects long practised in treason and the murther of their princes the last king of Northumberland after Malmesburiensis Ethelred thus murthered the Countrie for the space of thirty and three yeares was much turmoyled with ciuill dissentions and continuall intrusions of petty tyrants contending for and vsurping the soveraignety of small power through this disorder and short continuance and not deserving the name of kings In the yeare 827 not able any longer to hold out or to resist so great a Monarch the Northumbrians were subdued or rather voluntarily yeelded vnto Egbert the most potent king of the VVest-Saxons After this subjection they were ruled by Vice-Royes or substitute kings vnder the VVest-Saxons of which ranke were Osbrict and Ella mentioned by Henry of Huntington in the raigne of Ethelwolf son and successour to great Egbert These two being slaine by the Danes they were made subject to that nation whose kings after Huntingdoniensis if they be worth the naming were Haldene Gudfert Nigellus Sidrik Reginald and Anlaf commaunding here in a confused and disorderly manner sometimes one ruling alone sometimes two or many together By Athelstan these Danish Northumbrians were driven out or subdued to the English Monarchy not long after by king Edred after sundry rebellions incorporated into the kingdome and accompt and name of the English THE KINGDOME OF THE WEST-SAXONS IT contayned more aunciently the Belgae Attrebatij and Durotriges of Ptolemy now Barkeshire Wiltshire Somersetshire Hantshire Dorset-shire with the I le of Wight having vpon the South the British Ocean vpon the East the South-Saxons vpon the North the Mercians and the river Thames and vpon the West the sea of Severne and the Cornish Britons Malmesburiensis addeth Devonshire and Cornwall or the parts belonging sometimes to the Danmonij or Cornish Britons subdued and annexed by Great Egbert a little before the period of the Heptarchie and the abolition of the kingdome and distinction of the West-Saxons The state was begun after those of Kent and Sussex but before the rest of the Heptarchie by Cerdic a Saxon Captaine about the yeare 495 landing with fresh German succours amongst the Iceni where now is Cerdic-shore neere Yarmouth and descending from thence towards the VVest and hauing vanquished and slaine Natanleod a British Commander fixing and establishing in the Westerne parts the kingdome named thus from its situation enlarged by the after conquests hereof and of his victorious Successours vpon the distressed neighbouring Britons Into this kingdome as into a more fresh liuely stocke all the rest of the kingdomes of the Saxons became at length engrafted mastered by the armes of great
Ptolemy afterwards part of the West-Saxons It conteineth 20 Hundreds 12 Market townes and 140 parishes HANT-SHIRE BOunded vpon the East with Surrey and Sussex vpon the South with the English Channell vpon the North with Barkeshire and vpon the West with Wiltshire and Dorsetshire The aire is fresh and most healthfull the soile rich in pasturage and corne in the borders shaded with forrests and woods in the middest more champian and open Chiefer townes are Portesmouth a noted roade for ships and a strong towne of warre in Portsey an Iland close by the Continent wherevnto it is joined by a bridge The bay or harbour hereof is named 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by Ptolemy or the Great hauen Southanton Clausentum of Antoninus a well traded port vpon a coing of land betwixt the riuers Test and Alre ouer-looking a faire and spacious bay named by Ptolemy Trisantonis Ostium or the Mouth of the river Anton naming the towne as this doth the country West of the bay and for many miles along the Ocean towards Dorsetshire lyeth New-Forrest wooddy solitary and better stored with deere and wild beast then men made thus with the pulling downe of 36 Churches and townes by king William the Conquerour through his hatred to the English or greater loue to his sports or to giue a more free entrance to his Normans if any insurrection or tumult should happen amongst the discontented natiues fatall to his issue not without just revenge by the violent and vntimely deaths of William Rufus of Henry son to the Curthose his eldest son The sea betwixt this the I le of Wight affordeth a safe roade for ships commaunded by Hurst Calshot castles built to defend this empty shore by king Henry the eight vpon the points of two narrow and long promontories within the Ocean Christs-Church vpon the sea and meetings of the river Stoure Aven Ringwood vpon the Aven Regnum of Antoninus naming the Regni of Ptolemy Higher vpon the Aven and borders of Wiltshire Chardford named thus from Cerdic the first king of the West-Saxons and his great victory obtained there against Natanleod and the Britons Rumsey vpon the river Test. Andover Winchester Venta of Ptolemy Antoninus seated in a pleasant bottome amongst hils a Bishops sea and the chiefe towne the royall seat sometimes of the West-Saxon Monarchs Basingstoke Hard by standeth Basing a magnificent and spacious house the seate of the Marqueses of Winchester Not far off is Silchester the carkafe of a Roman towne named Vindonum by Antoninus The walls remaine yet almost entire and containe some two Italian miles in compasse The more auncient inhabitants were the Belgae of Ptolemy with part of the Regni of the same authour inhabiting the Sea-coast afterwards the West-Saxons Here are accompted 40 Hundreds 18 Market townes and 253 parishes VVILT-SHIRE BOunded on the East with Barkeshire and Hantshire vpon the North with Glocestershire and vpon the West South with Somersetshire Dorsetshire The country is champian open in the middle and towards the South tooke vp with grassie plaines to the North more hilly sprinkled with woods most healthy pleasant stored with all profitable and vsefull varieties Towns of more note are Marleborough Cunetio of Antoninus vpon the Kennet nere vnto the head of the river Ramesbury a meane village vpō the same river nerer Hungerford sometimes a Bishops sea for VViltshire erected by Edward surnamed the Elder Monarch of the English Saxons vnited afterward with Sherborne by Bishop Herman in the raigne of Edward the Confessour lastly remoued to Sarisbury in the time of the Conquerour Crekelade vpon the Thames or Isis. By Breden Forrest Malmesbury a walled towne mounted vpon a hill Castle-like and encompassed with the river Avon Maildulphi urbs of Beda named thus from S. Maidulphus an Irish Scottish Monke and Anchoret Chippen-ham vpon the same riuer Calne memorable for a famous Synode of the English and a disputation held vnder Arch-bishop Dunstan in the raigne of Edward surnamed the Martyr betwixt the Monks and married Priests whose cause in the credit and opinion of the Vulgar fell with the chamber wherein they were assembled and thorough the preservation of Saint Dunstan thought to bee miraculous who onely sate firme and vnhurt the patron and defendour of the Monks Bradford The Devices or Vices In the Plaines Ambresburie vpon the Aven Close by is the monument of Stone-henge set vp after Mat. of Westminster by Aurelius Ambrosius king of the Britons in memorie of the British nobles vnder Vortigerne slaine there by Hengist and the Saxons Sarisburie encompassed with the plaines in a pleasant bottome at the meetings of the rivers Aven and Nadder running thorough and watering the many streets thereof a Bishops See The towne is not auncient begun since the raigne of king Richard the first raysed out of the ashes of old Sarisbury Sorbiodunum of Antoninus the dead ruines of a Roman fort or towne of some halfe a mile in compasse seated a mile of vpon the hils forsaken by the Bishop and inhabitants for want of water and other defects remouing hither Wilton naming the countrie at the meetings of the riuers Willey and Nadder a meane village yet governed by a Maiour graced chiefely with a faire house of the Earles of Penbroke Werminster Verlucio of Antoninus The whole is diuided into 29 Hundreds 19 Market townes and 304 Parishes The auncients inhabitants were part of the Belgae of Ptolemy afterwards of the West-Saxons SOMERSET-SHIRE BOunded vpon the East with Wiltshire and the riuer Avon from Glocestershire vpon the North with the sea of Severne from Wales vpon the West with Devonshire and vpon the South with Dorsetshire The soyle is fat deepe and in some places marishie and subject to invndations to the East vpon the edge of Wiltshire woody overspread with the great forest of Selwood Within arise Mendip hills rich in mines of lead Chiefer townes are Bath Aquae Calidae of Ptolemy and Aquae Solis of Antoninus named thus from the hot medicinable waters thereof a walled towne and the chiefe of the Countrie seated in a bottome vpon the river Avon Amongst the hills environing the towne is Bannesdowne Mons Badonicus of Gildas and the auncient English Historians famous for a great victorie of king Arthur and the Britons obtayned against the Saxons The trenches are yet seene although obscurely where the English lay encamped Wells vnder Mendip hils a Bishops See with Bath Glastenburie amongst rivers and waters in the Iland Avallon or Avallonia of Malmesburiensis occasioned by the great and rich Monasterie thus named the place of buriall of sundrie of the West-Saxon Monarches founded by king Ina in the place where was thought to haue stood the Cell of Ioseph of Arimathea the first supposed Apostle of the Britons Here in the raigne of king Henrie the second was found the graue and inscription of Arthur king of the Britons discovered by
the songs of the Welsh Bards The countrey on all sides is fenny Marishy distinguished into the names of Gedney Moore Sedege Moore Audre Moore Heth Moore Queenes Moore Brent-Marsh strong fastnesses of king Alfred and his English distressed by the warres of the all conquering Danes Ilchester Iscalis of Ptolemy vpon the riuer Evill Crookehorne vpon the river Parret Bridge-water vpon the Parret The arme of the sea below this the confluence of the Parret with another river from the fens of Glastenbury is named Vzella of Ptolemy Taunton vpon the riuer Tone Vpon the Ocean VVatchet Dunster The whole contayneth 42 Hundreds 33 Market-townes 385 Parishes The auncient inhabitants were part of the Belgae of Plolemy afterwards of the West-Saxons DORSET-SHIRE BOunded vpon the North with Somerset-shire aud VViltshire vpon the East with Hantshire vpon the South with the English Channell and vpon the VVest with Devonshire The soile is fruitefull especially Moreland or the valley of white-hart Townes of better note are Shaftsbury vpon the edge of Wiltshire Vpon the Stour Blandford Winburne Vindogladia of Antoninus Vpon Moreland Shirburne sometimes a Bishops See remoued to Sarisbury in the raigne of the Conquerour Vpon the Frome Dorchester Dunium of Ptolemy and Durnovaria of Antoninus the chiefe towne Along the Sea-coast Poole within a spacious Bay vpon a point of land almost encompassed with the sea Beyond the bay lyeth the I le of Purbecke a Peninsula environed on three sides with the Ocean Weymouth and Melcomb devided with the little riuer of Wey a noted Port. Vpon the South hereof standeth Portland sometimes an Iland now joyned to the Continent defended with a castle founded by king Henry the eight commaunding the entrance of the hauen of Weymouth Burtport Lime It contayneth 34. Hundreds 18 Market-townes and 248 Parishes The auncient Inhabitants were the Durotriges of Ptolemy afterwards part of the West-Saxons DEVON-SHIRE BOunded vpon the East with Dorsetshire and Somersetshire vpon the South and North with the English Channell and the Sea of Severne vpon the VVest with the riuer Tamar from Cornwall The countrey is hilly rich in mines of Tin especially towards Cornwall the West and well stored with convenient Ports and harbours for shipping The soile is leane yet made fruitfull thorough the great industrie of the inhabitants enriched by their intermixing of lime or sands fetched from the sea-caost Townes of more note are Axminster vpon the Ax. Honniton vpon the Otterey Vpon the Ex Tiverton Excester Isca of Ptolemy Isca Dunmoniorū of Antoninus the chief town a bishops See remoued hither from Kirton in the raigne of Edward the Confessour Columbton upon the riuer Columb Vpon the Creedy beyond the Ex Kirton an auncient Bishops See founded by Edward surnamed the Elder remoued afterwards to Excester Totnes vpon the Dert Tavestok vpon the Tavy In Dertmore a mountainous fruitles waste vpon the East hereof plenty of Tin is gotten Here also lately haue Loadstones beene found Vpon the Sea-coast and the English channell Plimmouth a famous Port at the fall meetings of the riuers Plim Tamar The haven is large and deepe affording a safe roade for ships in both rivers defended with the strong Iland of S t Michael other fortifications vpon the land Dertmouth a well frequented Port at the mouth of the riuer Dert Beyond is Torbay a spacious inlet of the sea and a commodious harbour At the mouth of the Ax towards Dorsetshire Seton Moridunum of Antoninus memorable onely for the antiquity Towards the Sea of Severne Bediford vpon the riuer Touridge West hereof lyeth Hertland point Promontorium Herculis of Ptolemy Berstaple vpon the Taw navigable here for great vessels a well traded and rich empory The Shire contayneth 33 Hundreds 37 Market-townes and 394 Parishes The auncient inhabitants were the Danmonii of Ptolemy named otherwise the Cornish after the invasion of the English These being driuen out by great Athelstan confined within the riuer of Tamar the West-Saxons succeed in their voide places CORNWAL BOunded vpon the East with the riuer Tamar from Devonshire and vpon all other sides encompassed with the Ocean The countrey is hilly like vnto Devonshire but more barren enriched chiefely by neuer decaying mines of Tin and with fishings and commodities arising from the sea The valleyes notwithstanding afford plenty of grasse corne fatted with sea-sand and a sea-weede which they call Orewood Amongst the minerals Gold and Silver likewise are found as also Diamonds of a large seize angled and polished by nature but yeelding to the Orientall in colour and hardnes The Inhabitants as of Devonshire are strong and well-limmed tall good wrastlers skilfull mariners and braue warriours both by sea land stout vndaunted resolute thorough a more vegetiue quality of the Westerne winde wherevnto they are exposed or by some hidden nature of the heauens or ground Places of more note are Tamerton Tamara of Ptolemy vpon the right shore of the Tamar named from hence More remote from the riuer Stratton Launston vpon the brow of a hill the chiefe town Saint Germans vpon the riuer Liver a meane village sometimes a Bishops See for the Cornish remoued hither from Bodman Lestuthiel Vzella of Ptolemy vpon the Fawey much decayed of late yeares thorough the choaking of the riuer by sand rubbish falling from the Tin-workes a common daunger of all the navigable streames of the countrey Bodman an auncient Bishops See founded by Edward surnamed the Elder Monarch of the English remoued afterwards to S. Germans during the warres and troubles of the Danes and lastly vnited with Kirton in the raigne of Canutus Tregenie Truro Penrin vpon certaine Creekes of the great Bay of Falmouth S t Buriens Nere herevnto is the Promontory named the Lands-end Bolaeum Antivestaeum of Ptolemy the most Westerne point of the kingdome Vpon the shore a long the South sea East and West Loo at the mouth of the riuer thus called Foy a noted Port at the mouth of the riuer Fawey West hereof amongst others of obscurer sort is Falmouth a deepe and spacious Bay before mentioned Cenionis Ostium of Ptolemy reaching for a great space within the land deviding into sundry Creekes and safe Roades for ships defended at the entrance with two Castles or Forts S t Maudits vpon the East and Pendinas vpon the West built by King Henrie the eight Within the Bay stood the towne Voluba of Ptolemy now either extinct or vnknowne called by some other name Further West is the Lizard point the Promontorie of the Danmonij and Ocrinum of Ptolemy the furthest point of the Iland towards the South Pensans within Mounts-bay named thus from S t Michaels-Mount a strong fort vpon a craggie and high rocke at euery Full-sea environed with waters defending the Rode Vpon the North-sea Padstow neere vnto the mouth of the river Alan It contayneth 9
customes and the priviledges of the countrie The lawes all is gouerned by are the municipall or common lawes of each kingdome and when these are wanting the ciuill or Roman law professed and executed by Civillians brought vp in their Vniuersities and following the proceeding and course of the Civill A no small commendation of the Nation hath beene their strict execution hereof which they administer with due severitie and without partialitie a chiefe cause of their generall more prosperous and flourishing estate The King is haereditary and where women for defect of male issue doe succeed Hee is stiled the most Catholique King a title first giuen to Ricaredus the first Orthodoxe King of the Gothes in a Provinciall councell held at Toledo continued afterwards in Alfonsus the first king of Leon for his devout and religious carriages but not becomming haereditary vntill Ferdinand the fift king of Castille Aragon who honoured herewith by Pope Iuly the second for maintayning his quarrell against the excommunicated king of France Lewes the twelfth transmitted the same to succession vnto this day His dominions may not vnfitly be distinguished according to the 4 great devisions of the inhabited world into those of Europe Africke Asia and America In the first besides Spaine and the Ilands therevnto belonging hee holdeth the kingdomes of Naples and Sicily the dukedome of Millaine in Italy and the Iland of Sardinia besides the many Provinces of the Low-countries not yet revolted now in the possession of Isabella aunt to Philip the fourth now raigning after her decease without heires to returne againe vnto the Crowne of Spaine In Africk he maintayned against the Infidells the townes of Oran and Melilla the great haven Muzalquiuer the Penion or rocke of Veliz the townes of Seuta Tangier and Mazagone in the Continent of Barbarie the fortresses of Arguin and S t George de la Mina in Aethiopia beyond the cape of good hope the forts of Sena and Sofala with the Iland Mozambique together with the Azores or Flemmish Ilands those of Madera Cape Verde Saint Thomas and del Principe lying along the West shore hereof on this side of the Promontorie of Buona Esperanza In Asiá he commaundeth in a manner all the Sea-coâ—sts from the Persian gulfe to the famous Promontory aunciently called Aurea Chersonesus where now Malaca staÌ„deth in which space he possesseth the hauens fortresses of Diu Chavl Goa Canora Cochin Damain Bazain Tavaan Colan the haven and castle of Columbo in the Iland of Zeilan and the towne of Malaca in the aforesaid Chersonese the furthest bounds of his East-Indian Empire Concerning America with the Phillippinae and infinite other Ilands thereunto belonging his Catholickenes challengeth the whole giuen vnto him by a Bull of his Countryman Pope Alexander the Sixt. Moreouer the Knights of S. Iohn of Ierusalem doe hold of him the Iland of Malta giuen vnto them after their retreat from Rhodes by the Emperour Charles the fift Hee also layeth claime to the Iland of Corsica possessed by the Genowayes the kingdomes of Tunis and Hierusalem vsurped by the Turkes the Dukedome of Burgundy with-held by the French with the vnited Prouinces of the Netherlands lately withdrawne from his obedience by the confederate states His revenues from hence are great as well in regard of the riches large extent hereof as of the many taxes impositions which especially his Spanish subjects of Castile as well those of the Cleargy as of the Laity are subject vnto which first brought in vpon occasion of the holy warres against the Infidels vpon the like pretence against the Heretiques as they tearme the reformed haue beene hitherto still kept vp maintained The particulars heereof collected by Linschotten out of the Exchequers of his seuerall kingdomes and as they were farmed out in the yeare 1578 before the vnion of Portugal not otherwise to make any certaine estimate hereof which must needes be vncertaine were as follow His demaine in Castile with the Alcavala and Tertiae of that kingdome which Alcavala is the tenth penny of all Lands merchandise goods sold by any Castilian for further then that kingdome it extendeth not the Tertiae being the third part of all spirituall promotions revenues yeeld yearly about the summe of 1274 Quintos The custome of Merchandise passing out of Biscay and Guipuscoa into Castile paying after the rate of one in ten at the Custome-houses of Victoria Horduna and Valmas Ceda amounteth to 70 Quintos The custome for wares passing through the Country of Leon by Sanabria and Villa-Franca one Quinto The same for Merchandise out of Asturia by Oviedo 375000 Maravedies The rent of the Prevosts office of Bilbao 490000 Maravedies The toull of the Inland passages of Valentia Aragonia and Navarre where is payed the tenth penny of all Merchandise brought thither out of Castile 49 Quintos and 35000 Maravedies The like toull of certaine inland ports of Castile frontiring vpon Portugal for wares passing to and fro betwixt those two kingdomes 34 Quintos and 155000 Maravedies The woolls yearely transported out of Spaine into forreine Countryes paying for euery sack weighing aboue ten Aroben two dukats for a subiect 4 for a stranger 53 Quintos and 586000 Maravedies The farme of the Almoxarischap of Sivilla for the tenth penny of the Merchandise of the Dutchmen English and other people of Europe there discharged 154 Quintos and 309000 Maravedies The farme of the Almoxarischap of Sivilla for the Spanish Indies which is for the 20. penny of all Merchandise laden here and bound thither paying an other 20 penny at their arrivall there 67 Quintos The rent of the mint of Spaine euery dukat which is there coyned for any of the Kings subiects paying a ryall of plate 22 Quintos The Salinas or Salt-workes belonging to the Crowne are taxed at 93 Quintos The Farmes of the Master-ships of S. Iames Calatrava and Alcantara besides their pasturages yeeld 98 Quintos The rent of the pasturages of these Masterships 37 Quintos The rent of the Quick-siluer mine at Almaden 73 Quintos The rent of the siluer mine of Guadalcana in Estremadura was wont to be worth 187 Quintos by the yeare but is now much decayed The rent called de la Moneda Forera which is a certaine rent of euery hertsteed each paying yearely 7 Maravedies yeeldeth 6 Quintos and 656000 Maravedies The farme of Cardes euery paire here sold paying vnto the King halfe a ryall of plate 20 Quintos The rashes or cloathes of Florence whereof euery peece payeth 6 dukats 10 Quintos The Popes pardons of which hee maketh good merchandise in America 200 Quintos The first fruits payed by the Cleargy at their first entrances into their benefices for confirmation of their places giuen vnto him towards the maintainance of the warres against Heretiques Infidels 65 Quintos The Excusado a yearely contribution so called because consented vnto by the Letters Patents of his Holines giuen by the Cleargy vpon the same pretext of
Portugall it is emptied into the Westerne Ocean not farre from Baiona Other rivers hauing immediate entercourse with the Ocean are first in Catalonia Lobregat and Francolino in the countrey of Valentia Guadilivar and Xucar in the kingdome of Granado Guadalquivireio and Guadalantin in Andaluzia Guadalethe in Portugal betwixt Guadiana and the Taio Palma betwixt the Taio and Duero Mondego betwixt the Duero and Minio the riuer Limia the famous Lethe of the auncient Poets There are not any riuers of note receiued into the Cātabriā Sea stopped by the intervening of the lōg mountainous ridge before mentioned drawne from Ronceval of the Pyrenes vnto Cabo Finisterre and coasting along that shoare Those which be of short courses and falling from that banke of Mountaines are the riuer Mearo now deviding Galitia and Asturia in Biscaia Ibaisabellum vpon which standeth the rich towne of Bilbao and in Guipuscoa Gurvinea rio the riuer of the port of S t Sebastian Here is also the Vidosa springing out of the Pyrenean Mountaines and at Fuentarabia bounding this kingdome and France The most part of those of the South lying betwixt the Guadiana and Ebro haue the Punique word Guadi prefixed an argument of the long and setled abode of the Moores in those parts None of these riuers are verie deepe and navigable vsually spreading too wide and through the naturall drought of the Country scanted of waters besides vneven and vncertaine Marinaeus Siculus reckneth the whole nūber to be 150 of al sorts DIVERS NAMES OF SPAINE THE more ancient Greeke Authours haue named this Countrey Iberia either from the noted riuer Iberus which is most probable or from the Iberi a people of Asia neighbouring to the Caspian Sea related by Pliny with the Persians sometimes to haue come into those parts By others also wee finde it sometimes called Celtiberia from the more warlike and famous nation of the Celtiberi likewise Hesperia from the Evening starre and its more Westerne situation The latter Greekes and generally all the Latines call it Hispania or Spaine a name which to this day it retaines if we may beleeue Iustin from Hispanus once king hereof not to trouble you with more difficult and further fetcht Etymologies and alike vncertaine ANCIENT BOVNDS THE Bounds hereof haue still beene the same environed vpon three sides with the Ocean and on the part towards the Continent of Europe walled from the Province of Gaule or France with the long ridge of the Pyrenean mountaines extended betwixt the Mediterranean and Cantabrique Seas SPAINE VNDER THE FIRST NATIVES THE first rule and dominion hereof was vnder the natiue Spaniards for we reade not any former name of inhabitants after the manner of all barbarous Nations shared amongst many lesser and obscure Princes Amongst these wee finde mention in Macrobius of one Theron king of the hither Spaine in Herodotus of Arganthonius and in Iustin of Gargoris and Habis kings of Tartessus of Mandonius and Indibilis in Plutarch in the life of the great African of Luceyus Prince of the Celtiberians in the same Authour Concerning other memories hereof in regard of their exceeding antiquity and the rudenes of those first times little is related or whereunto safe credit may bee giuen The first intrusion of forreine Nations OF stranger nations the first intruding here amōgst were the Celtae Tyrians Phocenses Zacynthij Rhodij the occasion of whose descent hither we haue before pointed at The first arriuall of the Tyrians Strabo setteth downe to haue hapned before the age of Homer Mariana I know not from what more ancient authority about the foundation of the City of Carthage brought hither by Sichaeus husband to Queene Dido The comming of the other is more vncertain From the Celtae the warlike Celtiberi Calaeci and Celtici were descended By the Phocenses a colony of the Massillians the city Emporiae and Dianium were founded By the Zacynthij the famous Saguntum By the Rhodians as is thought the city Rhodope By the Tyrians Gades Strabo relateth in his third booke the most part in his time of the townes of Turdetania and of the neighbouring Sea-coasts to haue been colonies of this People The conquest-hereof by the Carthaginians THE first who vpon an ambitious desire of attayning greater dominion and Empire invaded this Province were the Carthaginians Repulsed from Sicily and other Ilands of the Levant about the yeare of Rome 132 and bending their forces towards the West they first tooke in here the Iland of Ebusa belonging to this Continent About the yeare 236 invited by the Tyrians inhabiting Gades to their aid against the neighbouring Spaniards turning their faithlesse armes here against they dispossessed them of that famous city and Iland By their captaines Himilco and Hanno in the yeare 307 by force and subtilty they got seazed of the Ilands of the Baleares Vnder Hamilcar father to the great Hannibal about the yeare of Rome 516 first to any purpose attempting vpon the Continent they conquered Betica together with the Bastetani and Contestani vpon the same shore of the Levant By Hasdrubal succeeding hereunto in the government they enlarged their conquests the city of the Saguntines excepted as farre as the Ebro By Hannibal successour vnto Hasdrubal Saguntum taken and the Carpetani Ilergetes Ausetani and other barbarous people subdued they extended the same vnto the Pyrenaean Mountaines stretching vpon the other side Westwards vnto the straights of Hercules Lusitania and the more Northerne parts excluded remaining yet free and not conquered by forreine power till afterwards By the fortune of the second Punique warre in the 14 yeare thereof they quite abandoned and lost this Province driuen out by the valiant P. Scipio from his greater victories afterwards surnamed the African some 416 yeares after their first taking of Ebusa and about 32 yeares since their invasion and conquest of the Continent by Hamilcar leauing the same and their other hopes herein to the more fortunate and better succeeding Romans By the Romans THE occasion of the first attempts of this Nation hereupon was their like ambition of greater dominion together with their jealousie of the Carthaginian greatnes whose conquests here and dayly encroachings they much feared the joint cause hereof and of the second Punique warre Vnder Cn and Pub Scipio brethren pretending the aide hereof and the revenge of their confederates the Saguntines iniuriously warred vpon and sacked by Hannibal in the yeare of Rome 534 and about the beginning of that warre they first set footing herein after many victories both of them diasterously here slaine by the armes of the Carthaginians and treason of the Celtiberians Vnto these with much better fortune succeeded in the Proconsulship and warre hereof in the yeare of Rome 543 Publius Scipio the African son to the other Pub Scipio before named whose valour or chance it was vtterly to expell here-hence the Carthaginians and to make way for the Romane greatnes
THE SILINGI THese vvere also a Northerne people but of vvhat parts vve find not Not vnprobably they might be the Subalingij a German Nation mentioned by Ptolemy Isidore by vvhom onely amongst auncient Authours vve finde them expressely named maketh them to haue beene a part of the Vandals Mariana putteth them to bee a different people but joyned in the same troupe vvith the other vnder one and the same king passing into Gaule Spaine and seating themselues in that part of Baetica vvhereabout vvas Sivilla The Vandals departing into Afrique they remained behind from vvhose longer continuance for as much as they vvere accounted amongst that nation that part of Baetica became named Vandalia novv corruptly Andaluzia By Rechila the second king of the Suevians they vvere finally subdued and their country vvith the vvhole Baetica added to the dominion of that people after vvhich time vvee heare no more of them THE ALANS THese Ammianus Marcellinus placeth in Scythia inhabiting about the Fen Moeotis neighbouring to the Roxolani Iaziges and other Barbarous nations and extending for a great space of land betvvixt that marish and the rivers Tanais and Ganges and divided into sundry lesser people called all by this generall name Their first mention in histories we finde to haue beene in the raigne of the Emperour Vespasian then vvarring vpon the Parthians vvhereof reade Suetonius in Domitian Their after memory is frequent but confused With the Vandals Suevians before mentioned they first entred Gaule and Spaine The parts vvhich they tooke vp to inhabit in vvere the Provinces of Lustainia and Carthaginensis the Celtiberi and Carpetani excepted which people remained yet vnder the Roman subjection Aspiring to the dominion of the whole Spaine cooping with and overthrowne in a mighty battell by the Gothes they shortly after their first entrance lost here both their kingdome and name their king Atace with great number of them being slaine and the residue who escaped the slaughter flying into Calaecia amongst the Suevians where being confounded with that nation wee heare no further mention of them Their raigne here was but short during one only prince before mentioned Their religion was Gentilisme THE SVEVIANS THey were a Dutch people famous in all auncient Geographers Historians inhabiting the more Easterne moity of Germany beyond the river Elb and devided into sundry potent nations whereof these were a Colony or part For from this great generall name sundry other mighty people states the Lombards English High Dutch or Almans Sweath-landers Danes at this day of great power commaund in Europe were descended In the raigne of the Emperours Arcadius Honorius with the Vandals Alans they first invaded Gaule Spaine The part of Spaine wherein they first inhabited was Calaecia Vnder Rechila their second king subduing the Silingi they added Baetica to their dominions In the raigne of Recciarius their third king they became likewise possessed of Lusitania Puffed vp vvith so great posperity falling out vvith Theodoricus the most povverfull king of the Gothes overcome hereby in a great battell and their king Recciarius slaine they for a time became subject to that nation their kingdome and state being ouerthrowne and shared betwixt the Gothes their confederates the Romans After a short Interregnum by the liberality of this Theodoricus they had againe their kingdome restored but now straightned onely within Calaecia King Remismundus not long after added part of Lusitania where now is Coimbre and Lisbona recovered from the Romans vnto whom after that calamity overthrowe vnder Recciarius that province fell In the year 586 after 174 yeares continuance and in the raigne of the traiterous vsurper Andeca this kingdome and state tooke end overthrowne by Leutigildus king of the Gothes their king being shorne monke and Calaecia made a Province of the Gothish monarchie their name and mention becomming after this extinct and no more heard of in Spaine Their religion at the time of their first comming hither was Gentilisme Vnder their king Recciarius they first embraced the Christian and Catholique faith but which in a free estate they enjoyed not long enthralled to Theodoricus and the Arrian Gothes After that their kingdome was restored by the Gothes swayed with the power greatnes of that nation vnder their king Remismundus they chaunged their Catholique faith for the Arrian heresie wherein for about the space of one hundred yeares they afterwards persisted Vnder their king Theodomyrus by the especiall industry of Martin Abbot of Dumia they reassumed the Catholique religion which they constantly kept vntill their state and kingdome ended Their kings for as many of them as were set down in authours for the greatest part are not remembred were Hermenericus vnder whom they first passed into Gaule Spaine and planted in Calaecia Rechila vnder whom they conquered the Silingi Recciarius their first Christian Catholique king subdued slaine by Theodoricus king of the Gothes Franta Masdras after the restitution of the kingdome by the Gothes chosen by their factions the nation being devided Masdras sole king of the Suevians Franta deceasing Frumarius Remismundus son to Masdras after the decease hereof slaine in the third yeare of his raigne Remismundus sole king of the Suevians Frumarius deceasing Vnder this king the nation first revolted to the Arrian heresie After this prince for the space of one hundred yeares by the negligence of auncient times their kings are not remembred and vntill Theodomyrus Theodomyrus the restorer of the Catholique religion Myro or Ariamyrus son to Theodomyrus Eboricus son to Myro deposed shorne Monke by Andeca Andeca vpon occasion and pretence of whose treason Leutigildus king of the Gothes warring herevpon vtterly subdued the nation the last king of the Suevians after the milder custome of those times towards their vanquished enimies forced to religious orders and shut vp in a monastery by Leutigildus THE GOTHES THese Aelius Spartianus in the life of Antoninus Bassianus Caracalla and Iornandes de Rebus Geticis seeme to confound make one nation with the Getae Iornandes would haue their auncient and first abode to haue beene in Scanzia or Scandia thought then to bee an Iland and by Ptolemy accompted vnto Germany since knowne to joyne with the Firme Land The moderne names of East West Gothia in the kingdome of Swethen the stile of the kings hereof amongst other titles now naming themselues kings of the Gothes yeeld some likelihood of the truth of this assertion No lesse probably they might be the Gothini of Tacitus a people of the Suevians inhabiting in the South-East part of Germany A reason to perswade herevnto might be the neerenes of that nation vnto the Ister or Danubius vpon the bankes of which river we first heare of the name of the Gothes in histories Againe the neighbourhood of the Gothini vnto the Quadi and Sarmatae whom in the raigne of the Emperour Galienus we
other plants and fruite trees Onely water here is scant the common want of Spaine The aire likewise in regard of the more Southerne situation thereof is very immoderate and scorching in Summer notwithstanding refreshed in the night with constant coole gales of winde breathing from the neighbouring Ocean Chiefer townes are Sevilla Hispalis of Strabo Ptolemy Pliny then a flourishing colony of the Romans and one of their foure juridicall resorts for Baetica seated vpon the great riuer Guadalquivir Vnder the Moores it was made the first seate of their Spanish Empire by Alahor lieftenant for the Miramamoline Zuleiman removed to Cordova The dominion of the Spanish Moores afterwards divided it became the head of a petty kingdome of that nation contayning the greatest part of this Province with Algarve in Portugal recouered from the Infidels by Ferdinand the third king of Castille Leon. It is now an Arch-bishops See and the only staple for the commodityes of the West Indyes belonging to the Crowne of Castille rich populous beautified with faire stately buildings both publique and priuate great accompted the second city of Spaine the next vnto Lisbona contayning about 6 miles in compasse and after Botero his accompt some-80000 inhabitants The river vnto it is deepe navigable The country about it is plaine pleasant most fruitfull About a league vpon the East hereof is Sevilla la Veia Italica of Strabo Ptolemy Antoninus and Ilipa surnamed Italica of Pliny the countrey of the mighty Emperours Trajan Adrian now a base obscure village Along the course of the Guadalquivir Palacios Cabeças Le-brixa Nebrissa of Strabo Ptolemy and Nebrissa surnamed Venerea of Pliny S. Lucar de Barrameda Luciferi Farum of Ptolemy a noted port in the way to Sivilla lying at the mouth of the riuer Guadalquivir Puerto de S. Maria Mnesthei portus of Ptolemy a commodious haven towne at the mouth of the river Guadalete Xeres de la Frontera in the maine land Asta of Ptolemy Antoninus and Asta Regia of Strabo Pliny In the fruitfull country hereof grow the plentifull Xeres sacke named thus from the towne It breedeth likewise the most fierce and swift gennets Nere herevnto vpon the river Guadalete was fought that fatall battaile betwixt the Moores and Roderigo the last King of the Gothes Medina Sidonia Asindum of Ptolemy and Asido Caesariana of Pliny Hereof the Dukes of Medina Sidonia are entitl'd Conil a sea-coast towne beyond the Iland of Cadiz belonging to the Dukes of Medina Sidonia Tarif vpon the same sea-coast so named from Tarif generall of the Moores in their first Spanish invasion by whom it was founded Heere Lodovicus Nonius conjectureth sometimes to haue stood the famous Tartessus of Herodotus Strabo and other auncient authours rich in gold and silver and visited by continuall fleetes of the Tyrian Merchants as by the Phocenses in the raigne of Arganthonius a little before their expugnation by Cyrus the same doubtlesse with that Tharsis mentioned in the Scriptures from whence Salamon did fetch part of his gold for the adorning of his new-built temple at Hierusalem Some in Strabo place this where then was Carteia whose position now is alike vncertaine Others in the same authour betwixt the two channels or branches of the river Baetis called then as was the towne Tartessus and as was the neighbouring countrey from hence Tartessis The mention hereof is famous but the towne through age ruinated or the name thereof quite changed in the time of Strabo and other auncient Geographers Algeriza vpon the same sea-coast Cibraltar a strong towne of warre at the entrance of the Straights lying vnder the mountaine named Calpe by Strabo after Pliny one of the pillars of Hercules and the bounds of his labours the furthest point of Spaine Europe towards the South The narrow channell of the Sea betwixt this and Afrique was called by the auncients Fretum Herculeum Gaditanum Tartessiacum from the famous pillars Iland and city before mentioned now from hence Estrecho de Gibraltar They are in length 15 miles and in breadth where they are the straitest about 7 miles Cordova further vp within the land at the foote of Sierra Morena and vpon the right shore of the river Guadalquivir Corduba of Strabo Ptolemy Mela a famous colony of the Romans the first they planted in this province surnamed Patritia by Pliny a juridicall resort and the chiefe city of Baetica reckoned by Ausonius amongst the 4 chiefest of Spaine the countrey of Lucan of the two Senecaes Vnder the Moores it remayned for a long time the chiefe seate of their Spanish dominions after Alahor the residence of the Leiftenants of the Miramamolines as afterwards of their Kings The Empire hereof being divided it was made the head of a particular kingdome named from hence contayning then part of Andaluzia with the country of Granado taken from the Infidels by Ferdinand the third King of Castille It is now a Bishops See and one of the two seates of the Inquisition for this province The towne is large spacious beautified with a magnificent Castle standing at the West end thereof the pallace sometimes of the Moorish Kings The buildings otherwise for the most part are meane The situation is very pleasant happy over-looking towards the South a fruitfull and even plaine towards the North overtopped with the steepe and hollow mountaines of Sierra Morena reaching almost to the subvrbs greened over with oliues vines other plants Iaen a Bishops See At Anduxar a village distant some halfe a Spanish league from hence stood sometimes the towne Illurgis of Ptolemy and Illiturgis of Antoninus and Illiturgi surnamed Forum Iulium of Pliny Ecceia vpon the riuer Chenil Astygis of Ptolemy Astygi of Mela Antoninus and Astygi surnamed Augusta Firma of Pliny a Roman colony and one of the foure juridicall resorts of Baetica Ossuna Vrso of Strabo Pliny whereof the dukes of Ossuna are thus entitl'd a late Vniversity founded in the yeare 1549 by Iohn Telter de Girona Earle of Vrenna The fruitfull pleasant countrey hereabouts aboundeth in oliue trees Marchena vpon a hill overlooking a champian most fruitfull countrey especially for oliues the ordinary residence of the Dukes of Arcos The auncient inhabitants of Andaluzia were the Turditani of Ptolemy and the Turditani and Turduli of Strabo devided by the riuer Baetis and lying vpon the sea-coast on this side of the river Anas at that time the most ciuill and learned people of all the Spaniards vsing Grammar and having their written monuments of antiquity poems and lawes in verse for the space after their accompt of six thousand yeares the Elysian fields of Homer the extraordinary riches pleasure and fertility of the countrey occasioning the fiction Heere also dwelt part of the Turduli of Ptolemy and Bastuli of Strabo Ptolemy GRANADO HAving vpon the West the river Guadalantin the bounds thereof and Andaluzia vpon the North
Tortosa a Bishops See seated vpon the river Ebro Dertosa of Ptolemy Antoninus Dertossa of Strabo a Roman colonie Taragona vpon the Mediterranean some mile vpon the East of the river Francolino Tarracon of Strabo Ptolemy and Tarraco of Pliny Mela and Solinus a colony of the Romans founded by the two brethren Cn and Publius Scipio during the second Punique warre and afterwards made their chiefe towne and giuing the name vnto the Province Tarraconensis It is now an Archbishops See contayning two miles in compasse and about 700 families or housholds Lerida Ilerda of Strabo Ptolemy Lucan and Antoninus vpon the river Segre a Bishops See and Vniversity Vich a Bishops See Ausa of Ptolemy naming the Authetani of the same Authour and the Ausetani of Pliny Vrgel Erga of Ptolemy seated vnder the Pyrenaean Mountaines Barcelona Barcinon of Ptolemy Barchino of Mela and Barcino of Pliny Antoninus a Roman colonie surnamed Faventia by Pliny situated vpon the sea Mediterranean betwixt the riuers Besons and Lobregat Won from the Moores by Lewes the Godly sonne to the Emperour Charles the great it became the chiefe city of the famous Earledome thus named wherevnto in continuance of time accrewed the whole Catalonia held first vnder the subjection and soveraignty of the Frenchmen afterwards commaunded by free princes and lastly by Raimund the fift marrying vnto Petronilla inheritresse of Aragon vnited with that kingdome It is now a rich noted port a Bishops See and the seate of the Vice-roy and Inquisition for this province the place where ordinarily embarque the Spanish souldiers bound for the Levant Iles and Italy as for the Netherlands by the way hereof and of the Alpes and Germany The towne is large beautified with stately buildings both private and publique the streets faire and open the wals whole and entire with wide deepe ditches The countrey about it is pleasant but not so fruitfull Heere great store of ships are made both for warre burthen Neere herevnto vpon the right shore of the riuer Lobregat ariseth the pleasant mountaine called Mon-serrato stuck full of Anchorets Cels honoured with a much frequented chappell and image of the blessed Virgin whose ravishing description reade in L. Nonius Blanes Blanda of Ptolemy Mela and Blandae of Pliny vpon the Mediterranean at the mouth of the river Tardera Ampurias Emporium of Strabo and Emporiae of Ptolemy Pliny founded by the Massilians and afterwards made a Roman colony seated vpon the Mediterranean The towne is now poore base affording onely a safe harbour roade for ships Girona Girunda of Ptolemy Antoninus a Bishops See situated at the meetings of the litle rivers Ter Onhar The towne is litle but hansomly built and well traded Vpon the same Sea-coast vnder the Pyrenaean mountaines is Rosas Rhoda of Ptolemy and Rhodope of Strabo founded by the Emporitanes or Rhodians now a meane obscure village Further vp lyeth Cabo de Creux Veneris Templum of Ptolemy a promontory of the Mediterranean the furthest point Eastwards of Catalonia The people more aunciently inhabiting Catalonia were the Authetani or Ausetani Indigeti Laeetani Cosetani with part of the Ilercaones and Iaccetani of Ptolemy and other auncient authours THE LAND OF RVSSILLON INcluded betwixt two branches of the Pyrenaean Mountaines beginning at the mountaine Cano and the one extended to Colibre and towards Cabo de Creux the other vnto Salsas having vpon the North the maine ridge of the Mountaines Pyrenaean vpon the West Catalonia vpon the East Languedoc in France and vpon the South the sea Mediterranean from Cabo de Creux vnto the castle of Salsas Places here of note are Colibre Illiberis of Ptolemy commendable onely for its antiquity now an ignoble village affording notwithstanding a safe and commodious harbour for ships Helna a Bishops See vpon the river Techo Salsas Salsulae of Strabo a strong castle frontiring vpon Languedoc France the fortresse bulwarke of Spaine vpon this side The peece after the new best manner of fortification consisteth of many severall wards distinguished a part with wide and deepe ditches having bridges over them and made defensible as together so one against another Perpignian the onely towne here of importance seated in a pleasant plaine vpon the river Thelis a rich and flourishing Emporie and a strong hold against the French to whose injurie in time of warre it is still exposed built in the yeare 1068 by Guinard Earle of Russillon Some halfe a Spanish league from hence where is the Castle of Russillon sometimes stood Ruscino Latinorum of Pliny giving the name to the countrey The Kings of Spaine hold in right of the Crowne of Aragon the Ilands Mallorça Menorça Sardinia and Sicily and in the continent the kingdome of Naples in Italy THE ILANDS OF SPAINE They partly lie within the Straights of Gibraltar in the sea Mediterranean and partly without in the maine Ocean IN THE MEDITERRANEAN THose in the Mediterranean are Mallorça Menorça Formentera and Yvica besides some lesser MALLORCA Lying against the countrey of Valentia and contayning in circuite about 300 miles and in breadth and length which differ not much some 100 miles The inhabitants are reckoned at some 30000 of all sorts The land towards the sea is mountainous within more plaine fruitfull yeelding sufficient store of corne wine oile and fruites Mallorça is the onely towne of note so named from the Iland a litle Vniversity the countrey of Raimundus Lullius MENORCA IT is lesse in quantity then the other from whence it hath had the distinction name It differeth not much from it in quality saving that it is better stored with beeues and cattaile The chiefe towne is Menorça called as is the Iland Mago of Ptolemy Here is likewise Cittadella Iama of the same authour These two Ilands were the famous Baleares Gymnasiae of Strabo the auncients whose inhabitants were renowned for their skill and vse of slings their proper armes trained vp herevnto from their childhood the first inventors of them occasioning the name hereof whereof we find much mention in the warres of the Carthaginians and Romans They obeyed for the most part the same Lords with the Continent Vnder the Moores they became a particular kingdome as they continued for a time vnder the Christians of the house of Aragon They belong now to the Crowne of Aragon YVICA AND FORMENTERA DIvided asunder by a narrow creeke of sea and situated betwixt the Baleares and the Promontory Ferraria of the countrey of Valentia the former contayning one hundred miles in circuite the other about seaventy In Yvica called Ebusus by Ptolemy and Strabo great store of salt is made It yeeldeth no venimous creatures The chiefe Towne is of the same name with the Iland Formentera is named Ophiusa in the same authours from the great number of Serpents and venemous
West-Freislandt The wet and moorish ground about it affordeth rich pasturages but is altogither vnfit for corne Franicker a schoole or petty Vniversity Bolswaerdt OOSTER-GOE COntaining the Sea-coast betwixt Wester-goe and the country of Groningen Townes here are Lieward or Leewarden the court presidial chancerie and chiefe towne of the proper West-Freislant rich faire and strongly fortified Doccum neere vnto Groninger-landt ZEVEN-WOLDEN COntaining the woodland part towards the South-East and Ouer-ysel It hath not any towne of note THE TERRITORY OF GRONINGEN THis is the most Easterne part of West-Freislandt contained betwixt Ooster-goe and the river Eems or Oost-Freislandt Townes here are Dam neere vnto the Eems and Oost-Frislandt Groeningen the chiefe towne giving the name to the province The towne is of great state large rich and strongly fortified There are contained in the whole West-Freislandt 12. walled townes and some 490 Villages The more auncient inhabitants were the Frisij Maiores of Ptolemy Of these 8 provinces South-Holland Vtrecht on the hither side of the Rhijn with Bommeler-Weert Maes-Wael and Betuwe in Gelderlandt appertaine vnto Gaule Belgick North-Hollandt Veluwe of Gelderlandt Zutphen Over-ysel West-Freislandt and Groningerlandt belong vnto Germany the midle chanell of the Rhijn aunciently parting those two mighty prouinces In bignes pleasure and goodnes of soile they are inferiour to those of the Princes but in trade populousnes wealth strength and number of shipping they much surpasse the other In a manner all their townes stand vpon the Ocean vpon great nauigable riuers creeks or inlets of the sea or amongst deepe vnpassable marishes waters wherby through their strength of shipping never being able sully to be besieged and victualls munition and men being hereby easily conueyed vnto them they are become invincible against the most potent enimies not easily to be mastered vnlesse by their disvnion and the dominion of the sea taken from them Their gouerment since that they shoake of the Spanish yoake hath beene vnder the particular states of each prouince a third part of Gelderlandt and Zutphen excepted where stand the townes of Ruremond Guelders Venlo Watchtendonc Strale and Grol remaining yet subiect to the Arch-dutchesse not vnited into any one entire body of common-wealth and but onely for their better defence confederate together in a more strict league whose delegates resident for the most part at the Hage in Hollandt are called the States Generall Their lawes are their severall municipall lawes customes and priuiledges together with the ciuill or Roman law Their religion which onely publikely is allowed is the reformed following or allowing the doctrine of Caluin Their language is the Dutch DENMARCK THE bounds hereof are vpon the South the river Eydore parting it from Holstein the kingdome of the Germans vpon the West the German Ocean vpon the East the Sea Balticke or the Ooster-sche and vpon the North the kingdomes of Norwey and Swethen It lyeth betwixt the 55 45 60 and 59 5 60 degrees of Northerne Latitude The length betwixt North and South is 265 Italian miles the breadth some 200 of the same miles The more ancient inhabitants were the Sigulones Subalingij Cobandi Chali Phundusij Charudes and Cimbri of Ptolemie and Tacitus inhabiting the necke of land named by Ptolemy from that more famous nation the Cimbrian Chersonese now the 2 Iutlandts the Teutoni of Mela inhabiting the Iland Codanonia now Zeland and the Sitones or Sueones of Tacitus for we cannot out of his description certainely distinguish whether inhabiting the parts hereof lying in the Continent of Scandia now Hallandt Schonen and Bleking These ancient names towards the waine of the Roman Empire worne out and extinguished we read in Beda of the Angli and Vitae inhabiting the Cimbrian Chersonese whereof these later possessed the more Northern parts the former after the same author were seated betwixt the Vitae and the Saxons From the Vitae the Cimbrian Chersonese now beareth the name of Iutlandt The name of the Angli is yet preserved here in the Dukedome of Scleswijck in the towne or name of Angelen In the raigne of the Emperour Valentinian the third these two nations remouing with the Saxons into the Iland of Great Brittaine not long after in the raignes of Theodoric French King of Austrasia and of Anastasius Emperour of the East we lastly finde here the Danes more certainely named thus as hath beene related from the bay Codanus whose Ilands and neighbouring Continent they inhabited Iornandes who liued in the raigne of the Emperour Iustinian the first placeth these in the Continent of Scanzia or Scandia Vnder their Prince Godfrey in the raigne of the Emperour Charles the Great we finde them enlarged Southwards vnto the river Eydore dividing from them the Saxons or Dutch as they remaine at this present From this nation the country hath since beene called Denmarck famous a long time for armes and their great and many victories atchieved abroad themselues never conquered by foraine power Lords sometimes of England and Swethen and at this day of the large kingdome of Norwey and of all the navigations and Ilands situated towards the Pole Arcticke and the North. The religion hereof which is publikely allowed is only the Protestant or Confession of Augspurg first converted to Christianity by S. Ansgarius Bishop of Bremen the generall Apostle of these Northerne parts in the raignes of king Eric the second and of Lewis the Godly Emperour of the West and reformed to the Orthodox tenent by the authority of king Fredericke the first The Ecclesiasticall affaires are directed by the Arch-bishop of Lunden and six other Bishops of Rotschilt Odensee Ripen Wiborch Arhusen and Sleswijck The state is monarchicall the eldest sonne most commonly succeeding vnto the father yet where the states doe chalenge a right of chusing None of the nobility exceede the dignitie of Knights conferred by the free grace of the Prince The titles of Dukes Marqueses Earles Vicounts and Barons are not heard of vnlesse amongst the issue royall The kingdome for the better distribution of iustice containeth 184 Prefectures or juridicall resorts which they call Herets It lyeth partly in the continent of Germany and partly in the maine land of Scandia and in the Ilands of the Sundt betwixt these containing fiue more generall parts or names of Iutlandt the Ilands of the Sundt Halland Schonen and Bleking IVTLANDT COntaining the neck of land in the continent of Germany called by Ptolemie the Cimbrian Chersonese It hath vpon the West and North the German Ocean vpon the East the Sundt and vpon the South the riuer Eydore parting it from Holstein and the German Empire It is diuided into the North and the South Iutlands South Iutland hath beene otherwise named the Dukedome of Iutlandt likewise the Dukedome of Sleswijck from the towne of Sleswijck about the yeare 1280 in the person of Waldemar severed from the kingdome by Eric to be
and Wardhuys named thus from such Castles royall wherein their governours reside Townes of better note are Congel a towne of merchandising vpon the Sundt or sea Balticke opposite to Schagen in Denmarcke Anslo Hammar Staffanger Bishops seas Bergen the chiefe towne of the country seated amongst high mountaines at the bottome of a nauigable and deepe arme or creeke of the maine Ocean named Carmesunt a Bishops sea and a noted port much resorted vnto by forrainers bringing in corne meale bread beere wine and Aqua vitae to supply the want that way of the country and transporting from hence fish furres and wood with London Bruges in the Lowe Countries and Novogrod in Russia one of the foure chiefe Staple townes of the Dutch Hanse marchants The inhabitants in regard hereof are a mixed people compounded of the natiues Dutch and other strangers The meaner sort of houses after the rude fashion of the Country are couered with sods or turfes of earth West of the towne standeth Bergenhuys one of the fiue castles royall the seat of the governour of the Province thus named Trundtheim an Archbishops sea beautified with a faire Cathedrall Church dedicated to S. Olave The towne otherwise is meane Ward-huys within the circle Artick in the Iland Ward from whence it hath beene thus called a meane castle with a little towne adjoyning in the summer time for in the winter by reason of the extremity of the cold and the long darknesse and absence of the Sunne it is not well habitable the seat of the governour for these more cold and frozen parts The Pole Articke is here elevated 71½ degrees The longest continuance of the sunne aboue the Horizon lasteth two whole months three weekes one day and some 7 houres the farthest point North-wards of Norwey the continent of Europe THE ILANDS OF NORWEY VNto the Crowne of Norwey belong Islandt Freislandt and Groenlandt Ilands situated in the wide Ocean held now in this right by the kings of Denmarke ISLANDT LYing vnder the Circle Articke and containing 100 German miles in length and about 60 in breadth The country is cold rockie mountainous barren and ill inhabited yeelding not any corne neither trees except the Iuniper In regard hereof the common people eate bread made of stockfish in steed of houses built with timber dwell in cells cauernes digged in the bottomes of their rocks mountaines Through the benefit notwithstanding of the sea and the accesse of strangers they haue brought vnto them corne meale bread wine beare iron tinne mony timber wood and all other commodities which they need whereof the richer sort make vse The sea coasts are better stored with inhabitants through the advantage of their trade with forrainers and of their fishing the chiefe reuenue of the Ilanders The natiue profits the Land affordeth are flesh of beeues and mutton butter skinnes of wild beasts horses haukes a course kinde of cloath they call Watman and brimstone It containeth foure main divisions named from their situations West fiordung Auslending a fiordung Norlending a fiordung and Sundlending a fiordung signifying the Westerne Easterne Northerne and Southerne quarters The only places of note are Halar in the Northerne part of the Iland Schalholt in the Southerne Bishops seas having petty schooles wherein the Latine tongue is taught whereof each containeth 24 schollers maintained by the Bishops Bestede a castle the seat of the gouernour for the king of Denmarck The more eminent mountaines are Hecla feareful with apparitions of dead men nourishing the opinion of Popish Purgatory Helga that of the Crosse Aethna-like flaming with fires Not farre from Hecla brimstone is digged in great abundance sent into forraine parts The inhabitants are originally Norvegians thought first to haue ariued here about the yeare 1000 driuen out of their country by king Harold sirnamed with the faire locks Wee heare not of them notwithstanding vntill the time of Adelbert Bishop of Bremen whom they should send vnto desiring Preachers and Ministers of the Gospell whereby they might be instructed deceasing about the yeare 1070. Their religion is the confession of Augspurg or that of the Danes gouerned by two Bishops of Halar Schalholt before mentioned brought vp in the Vniversitie of Copen-hagen Their language is the Danish or an old corrupt Dutch Most authors place here Thyle of Tacitus and the ancients Ortelius iudgeth this rather to be Norway Others Schetland neere the Orcades It wanteth altogether probabilitie that the Romans by whom sailing about Great Bretaigne that Iland should be first discouered aduanced ever thus farre Northwards FREISLANDT STanding vpon the Southwest of Islandt vnknowne to the ancients and bigger in quantitie then Ireland like Islandt cold barren and without corne and fruits The principall towne is of the same name with the Iland The inhabitants liue most vpon fish got in their sea their chiefe food and truck with forrainers They obey the kings of Denmarck GROENLANDT NAmed thus from the greenenesse thereof affording good pasturage in Summer as are the other two Ilands from their Ice and Frosts It is seated betwixt the 65 and 77 degrees of Northerne Latitude and lieth for the greatest part within the Circle Articke and Frigid Zone large and of great extent much resorted vnto by the English and Dutch nations fishing there for Whales Here is a monastery of Predicant Friers seated in the North-East part of the Iland not farre from a flaming or burning mountaine vpon hot scalding springs whose waters serue the Monastery as a stoue and to boyle the meat of the order The gardens hereof a thing miraculous in such a latitude in regard of this heat qualifying the naturall temper of the ayre flourish all the yeare long with hearbs and sweet smelling flowers The neighbouring Ocean also by meanes hereof never freezeth affording great plenty of fowle and fish for the reliefe of the Monkes and bordering Ilanders Here is likewise Alba situated not farre from the Monastery Other habitations either are not or not hitherto knowne the Iland not being yet fully discouered All places where the marriners touch yeeld Deere white beares plenty of wood cast vpon the shore The kings of Denmarck challenge the right hereof SVVEATHLAND BOunded vpon the South with Denmarcke the sea Balticke and Leifland vpon the West with Norwey vpon the North with Myrmanskoy More or the Frozen sea and vpon the East with the dominions of the Great Duke of Muscovia The country is large extended aboue a thousand miles in length betwixt the Balticke and the Frozen seas full of mountaines and vast woods yet well inhabited and firtill for these Northerne parts Lapland and the regions lying within the Circle Arcticke almost excepted which yeeld no corne or any other fruits as doe all lands else of that miserable and cold Latitude No place affordeth greater plenty of minerals especially of brasse whence infinite store of great ordinance are made It hath many great lakes and rivers but in regard
of their yce and trunckes of trees floating in them not much navigable The people are provident sober patient and industrious Those of the country exercise no manuall trades every man by a singular frugality being his owne artificer The nobility exceede not the dignitie of knights an honour conferred by the Prince Their language differeth only in dialect from the Dutch excepting that of the Fins which resembleth the Russes Their religion is the Lutheran or confession of Augspurg won first to Christianity vnder their king Beorn by S. Ansgarius the Apostle of the Danes They belong in matters Ecclesiasticall vnto the Bishop of Vpsal and those of Lincopen Scara Vexio Strengenes and Abo. Birtius reckoneth in the whole some 1400 parishes The king is electiue but most commonly of the blood royall and the next of kin to the deceased He is stiled king of Sweathland and of the Gothes and Vandals The truth of the two latter titles is vncertaine and to be much doubted of Iornandes placeth in the peninsula hereof the Gothes but who is not seconded by any more ancient and credited Historians At this day notwithstanding the more Southerne part of the kingdome confining with Denmarcke beareth the name of Gothia or Gotland whether from this nation it cannot well be knowne or falsely affecting that more glorious name The Vandals it is certaine spread not thus farre North seated in the continent of Germany along the South shore of the Suevian or Balticke sea It containeth sundry names and divisions of Gotland Suderman VVestman VVermeland Copperdale Helsingen Dalecarle Angerman East and VVest Bodden Finland Corel with others The more chiefe townes are in Gotland and next to Denmarcke Calmer a noted port vpon the sea Balticke Lincopen Scar Bishops seas Against these within the Balticke lyeth the Iland Gotlandt subject to the kings of Denmarcke whose chiefe towne is Wisbuy vpon the East side of the Iland a famous Empory sometimes now ruinous and much decaied Here is likewise Oelandt an Iland against Calmer defended with the strong castle of Borgholm subiect to the kings of Swethen In Suderman Strengnes a Bishops sea and Telge vpon the lake or bay Meler an arme of the sea Baltick Vpon the rocks nere Strengnes as likewise at Scar and Wisbuy in Gotlandt are engrauen sundry auncient vnknowne characters and inscriptions supposed to be of the Gothes In Westman Arosia rich in siluer mines In Vpland Vpsal an Archbishops sea the primate of the kingdome Here the kings of Sweath-land lye enterred Stockholm in an Iland at the mouth of the lake Meler a rich and florishing emporie and the chiefe citty of the kingdome defended with a magnificent and strong castle fortified with 400 great brasse ordinance In Finland Wiburg a strong fortresse and towne of warre opposed against the Russes The more auncient inhabitants of the part of the kingdome within the Sea Baltick were the Suiones of Tacitus part of the great nation of the Suevi of the Germans The part of Finlandt seemeth to haue beene thus first named and inhabited by the Fenni of the same authour The sea lying vpon the South hereof was named by Tacitus the Sueuian sea from the famous Sueui before mentioned which nation it diuided by Mela Sinus Codanus from whence doubtles proceeded the name of the Danes and by Ptolemie Oceanus Sarmaticus Sinus Venedicus from the bordering Sarmatae and Venidae It is a long and spacious creeke of the Westerne Ocean continued East and North from Denmarke for many hundred miles vnto beyond the Circle Articke It is called now the Sundt the Balticke or Oost Zee and more toward the North the Finnisch and Bodner Zees from Finland and Boden which countries it parteth from the more proper and West Sweathland North of Sweathland incorporated with the crowne hereof is Lapland cold barren and without corne fruits and ciuill habitation The people through their cold pigmie-like are of an exceeding little and dwarfish stature barbarous rude and without arts feeding vpon fish and the flesh of wild beasts crafty and much giuen to witchcraft and magicall incantations The commodities which they vent abroad are skinnes and fish exchanged with forrainers The Ocean vpon the North hereof and Russia Hecataeus in Plinie nameth Amalchium or the Frozen sea Philemon in the same author from the Cimbri the sea Cronium and Morimarusa or the Dead sea Tacitus otherwise the Slowe and Immoueable sea The Russes call it at this day Myrmanskoy More signifying in their language the Norvegian and Danish sea first of civill people sailed and adventured into by Richard Chancelour Englishman arriuing in Russia in the yeare 1553 and tracing out the way which the English and Flemmings ever since haue vsed Through this sea since the first discouerie sundry honourable and worthie persons haue attempted to finde out a passage towards China and the East but hitherto without any good successe let by contrary windes fogges and mists vsuall in that clime flotes of Ice cold perpetuall nights for many months together in winter and with the length of the way Their farthest discoueries haue reached only to the neerer coasts of Tartarie short of the riuer Oby Towards the North they haue sailed vnto 80 degrees within tenne of the Pole Articke Norwey Hallandt Schonen and Bleking in Denmarck with so much of the kingdome of Sweathland as lyeth West of the Finnisch and Bodner Sees creekes of the Balticke containe together the great Peninsula called by Ptolemie Scandia by Plinie and Solinus Scandinavia and by Iornandes Scanzia encompassed with the sea Balticke and the Westerne and Northerne Oceans and ioyned to the continent by a neck of land intercepted betwixt the bottome of the sea Bodner and the towne and castle of Wardhuys By Pytheas in Plinie we finde this otherwise named Basilia by Xenophon Lampsacenus in the same author Balthia naming the sea Balticke Ptolemie and the rest of the ancients before mentioned account this an Iland their errour proceeding from the ignorance vnexperience of those times the more Northerne and inner parts hereof not being then fully discouered POLAND HAving vpon the West Schlesi and the Marquisate of Brandenburg in Germany vpon the North the land of Prussen vpon the East Masovia and Lithuania and vpon the South the kingdome of Hungary from the which it is divided by the mountaines Tatri or Carpathian It is in length 480 Italian miles in breadth 300. The aire is pure but sharpe and cold the country plaine like vnto the rest of those Eastlands shaded with darke and thicke woods parts of the great Hercynian full of sundry sorts of wilde beasts for hunting of an incredible number of Bees hiving almost in each tree and breeding waxe and hony in great abundance No country affordeth more plentie of graine in regard of the continuall fresh and newly broken grounds taken from the woods sent
riuer Bosna after others from the Bessi a people of the Lower Maesia explused thence by the Bulgarians and flitting hither The most part place this in the Higher Maesia By Ptolemy in his before mentioned description it is plainely excluded thence lying in Illyricum since contained within his line drawne from the borders of Macedony vnto the meetings of the rivers Saw and Danow It was anciently a part of Croatia erected afterwards but when wee finde not into a petty kingdome held by the princes thereof vnder the cheifage and tribute of the kings of Hungary It hath now vpon the West Croatia vpon the North the Saw with the part of the Lower Hungary contained betwixt that river and the Dra vpon the East Servia and vpon the South Dalmatia Chiefer townes are Iaitza seated vpon a high hill encompassed at the bottome with two rivers Schwonica Warbosaine The country seemeth to containe the more inland parts of Dalmatia of Plinie and Ptolemie The last Christian prince hereof was Stephen in the yeare 1464 his kingdome taken in and subdued surprised and afterwards inhumanely murthered by Mahomet the second the first Emperour of the Turkes by whom the country was made a Turkish province commanded ever since by a Bassa CONTADO DI ZARA THus named from Zara the chiefe towne This otherwise after Dominicus Niger retaineth yet the proper name of Sclavonia It containeth the part of Liburnia of Ptolemie and Plinie extended along the sea coast The bounds hereof are the mountaine Ardium of Strabo from Krabbaten the river Arsa from Histria the sea Adriaticke and the riuer Titius now Variecha from the more proper Dalmatia The townes of chiefer note are along the Sea coast Albona Alvona of Ptolemie and Plinie next to Histria and the riuer Arsa. Fianona Flavona of Ptolemy and Pliny against the Gulfe Phlanaticus now Quernero Zegna Senia of Ptolemie Plinie and Antoninus seated in a plaine Nona Aenona of Ptolemie and Plinie encompassed with the sea Zara Iadera of Mela Iader of Ptolemie Plinie and Antoninus a Romane colonie now an Archbishops sea and the chiefe towne belonging to the Venetians enioying a large and safe port and seated in a low Chersonese or necke of land vpon the Adriaticke strongly fenced against hostile iniuries Beyond this towne the riuer Titius now Variecha falleth into the Adriaticke issuing out of wooddy mountaines vpon the North hereof DALMATIA REtaining yet the ancient name and continued South-east along the same shore of the sea Adriaticke from the riuer Variecha or Titius by the which it is diuided from Contado di Zara vnto the riuer Rhata beyond the Gulfe of Catharo parting it from Albania bounded otherwise towards the North with the country of Bosna The chiefe townes along the sea-coast are Sibenico Sicum of Plinie and Ptolemie vpon the riuer Variecha Trahu or Trau Tragurium of Strabo Ptolemie and Plinie and Tagurium of Mela founded by the inhabitants of Issa seated in a small Iland close by the continent Spalato an Archbishops sea Nere herevnto betwixt this and Trahu where now is the fort or castle named Clissa vpon the riuer Solinschiza stood sometimes the citty Salona of Strabo Pliny and Mela and Salonae of Ptolemy and Antoninus a famous colonie and juridicall resort of the Romanes Some old fragments hereof yet appeare vpon the Westerne banke of the riuer called still by the name of Salona Almissa Piguntium of Ptolemy and Piguntiae of Plinie vpon the riuer Zetino defended with a strong castle mounted vpon a rocke Stagno vpon the necke of a spacious and long Chersonese or promontory ioyned here vnto the continent with a narrow strait of land Against this the riuer Narenta Naron of Strabo and Narson of Ptolemy is disburdened into the Adriaticke Ragusi founded out of the ruines of the famous citty Epidaurus of Ptolemy and Epidaurum of Plinie a Romane colonie destroyed by the Gothes now a free Common-wealth and a rich and a flourishing Emporie strong in shipping and with wals and a well fortified castle tributarie to the Turkes Castel-novo within the gulfe of Catharo a strong towne now held by the Turkes Catharo naming the gulfe of Catharo seated on the farther side of the bay towards Scutari Ascruvium of Ptolemie Ascrivium of Plinie inhabited by Romane Citizens now a strong towne of warre opposed against and environed with the Turkes held by the Venetians Rhizine at the bottome of the Bay the towne of the Rhizaei of Strabo Rhizana of Ptolemy and Rhizinium of Plinie naming the Bay Rhizoniscus of Ptolemy now Golfo di Catharo ALBANIA NAmed thus from the Epirots or Albanesies neighbouring and intruding herevpon The name extendeth much farther within the continent of Greece My purpose is to describe onely the part lying within the bounds of the ancient Dalmatia or Illyricum This reacheth along the sea-coast from the riuer Rhata diuiding it from the proper Dalmatia vnto Alesio Places here of better note are vpon the sea-coast Budoa Bulua of Ptolemie and Butua of Plinie Antivari Dolcigno Vlcinium of Ptolemie and Olchinium and Colchinium of Plinie founded by the Colchans Alesio Lissus of Strabo and Ptolemy and Lissum of Plinie the farthest place of the ancient Dalmatia towards Greece memorable for the death and graue of Scanderbeg the victorious king of the Epirots Within the land Scutari Scodra of Ptolemy and Antoninus and Scordra of Plinie strongly seated vpon a steepe rocke at what place the riuer Boliana issueth forth of the lake named from hence the Lake of Scutari the chiefe towne of the country famous for a braue and resolute siege maintained against Mahomet the second Emperour of the Turkes The Lake Scutari is named Labeates by Strabo It containeth 130 miles in compasse surrounded on all sides with mountaines saving towards the North and distant 18 miles from the sea The rockie and mountainous region betwixt it and the Adriaticke Dom Niger nameth Criana or Craina Drivesto Enderum of Ptolemy Medon Nere herevnto vpon the river now called Moraza falling into the Lake of Scutari stood sometimes the citty Doclea of Ptolemy and Dioclea of Sextus Aurelius Victor the country of the mighty Emperour Dioclesian This part of Albania not long since obeyed the Venetians It is now subject to the Turkish Empire The whole extent or length of the generall accompt or name of Dalmatia from Histria and the riuer Arsa vnto Alesio in Albania along the course of the Adriaticke Matalius accompteth at 480 Italian miles the breadth from the Adriaticke vnto the mountaines of Croatia at 120 of the same miles THE ILANDS OF DALMATIA CLose along the shoare hereof lie a great multitude of Ilands Plinie hyperbolically encreaseth their number to a thousand whereof many notwithstanding for their smalnesse may rather be accompted rockes then Ilands The rest for the greatest part are asperous stony barren bad husbanded and ill inhabited They
Athelstan had for his share the countries of Kent and of the South East-Saxons and Ethelwolf the rest of England with the praerogatiue and title of Monarch or chiefe king of the whole At the same time likewise Burdred commaunded Mercia but substituted and vnder the right of Ethelwolf and the English Monarches Ethelbald and Ethelbert kings of England sons to Ethelwolf Hereof Ethelbert inherited Kent with the East and South-Saxons the portion of his vncle Athelstan The rest with the right of chiefe king or Monarch of the English fell to the lot of Ethelbald the elder brother This last tooke to his incestious bed his stepmother Iudith daughter to Charles surnamed the Bauld king of West-France widdow to his father Ethelwolf married after his death which hapned shortly after to Bauldwin the first Earle of Flanders He deceasing his brother Ethelbert remained sole king of the English Ethelbert sonne to Ethelwolf after the decease of Ethelbald sole Monarch of England Ethelred the first king of England brother to Ethelbald and Ethelbert During the troublesome raigne hereof through the advantage of the warres of the Danes the East-Angles shake off the yoake of the English Monarches creating holy Edmund their king martyred by Hungar Hubba two Danish Captaines and succeeded vnto by princes of this merciles Pagan Nation After stout resistance and many battails fought he was at last slaine against the Danes Alfrid king of England fourth sonne to Ethelwolf brother to the three preceding Kings Great was the valour amongst other vertues of this vnparaleld and matchles princes if not altogether vanquishing yet repressing the furie of the raging and vnconquerable Danes threatning now an vtter destruction of the English nation brought to a low ebbe through their long restles invasions frequent victories depopulations tyranny He founded or rather renewed the most auncient aud renowned Vniversity of Oxford and first parted the land into shires tithings and hundreds deceasing in the yeares 901. Edward surnamed the Elder king of England son to Alfred He made subject the East-Angles and all other parts possessed by the now languishing and droping Danes excepting Northumberland held yet by princes of that natiō Athelstan king of Englād son to Edward He twise vanquished in fight Constantine king of the Scots assisted with the Irish subdued the Britons of Cumberland with the remainder of the Danes inhabiting Northumberland made the Welsh tributary and confined the Cornish within the River Tamar their present bounds the greatest and most victorious of the English Monarches before his time deceasing in the yeare 940. Edmund the first king of England son to Edward and brother to Athelstan The Danes of Northumberland revolting he againe brought vnder annexed that province to his immediate government He also quite ouerthrew the kingdome of the Britons of Cumberland killing the two sons of Dummailus their last king whose country hee gaue vnto Malcolme the first king of Scotland with condition of homage to the English Crowne and of his defence of those Northerne parts against the Danish intruders Edred King of England son to Edward and brother to Athelstan He the third time tamed and brought vnder the ever restles rebellious Danes of Northumberland Edwy King of England son to Edmund the first Against this prince nothing gratious with his subjects Edgar his brother next successour vsurped the dominion of the still vnquiet Northumbrians Mercians Edgar King of England surnamed the peaceable in regard of his quiet raigne not molested with forraigne or domestique warres nor ordinarie in those tumultuous stirring times son to Edmund brother to Edwy He remitted the taxe of money imposed by Athelstan vpon the Welshmen for a tribute of wolues Edward the second king of England son to Edgar surnamed the Martyr from the manner of his death murthered by the treachery of his stepmother Elfrida coveting the kingdome for her son Ethelred Ethelred the second king of England son to Edgar Elfrida halfe brother to Edward In his time the Danes who had laine still during the late raigne of his victorious praedecessours subdued or beaten home through the high valour of Alfred Athelstan and other succeeding English Monarches renew their wonted outrages on all sides with furie vnresistable pillaging spoyling the countrie encouraged by the quarrells factions and bad affection of his disloyall subjects withdrawing or forslowing their aides or betraying his armies after much calamity and affliction compounded withall by Ethelred and not long after vpon Saint Brice his festivall and in the yeare 1002 massacred in one day by the commaund hereof and a joint conspiracy of the English drawing on a more sharpe revenge dreadfull warre of the nation vnder Sueno Canutus their potent much incensed kings not ending but with the English Monarchy of the West-Saxons and the finall conquest hereof by Canutus After a long but miserable raigne he deceased in the yeare 1016. Edmund the second from his hardie valour surnamed the Iron-side son to Ethelred the second succeeding his father in the kingdome of England in his vnfortunate warre with the Danes Having fought sundry stout battailes and one single combate with Canutus in the I le of Alney by Glocester comming to an agreement with the Dane he parted with him the kingdome of England contenting himselfe with the more Southern moity hereof deceasing after a seaven moneths raigne a short time for so many braue acts which in that space he atchieued in the yeare 1016 about 567 yeares after the first arrivall of the Dutch vnder Hengist some 197 yeares since the name beginning of the kingdome by Egbert Edmund Iron-side thus removed out of the way the whole kingdome of the English tyred out with long miseries of war yeelded to Canutus and the Danes whose estate and succession followeth during their rule government over the English THE KINGDOME OF ENGLAND VNDER THE DANES COncerning this Nation wee haue more fully related in the discourse of Germany They were a Dutch people for thus their Dutch dialect or language doth manifest Their name we conjecture from the bay Codanus Iland Codanonia of Mela now the Sundt Iland of Zelandt where and in the adjacent countries the Nation since their first mention hath alwayes continued When they begun we finde not Iornandes is the first of auncient authours by whom they are named living in the time of the Emperour Iustinian the first Their Countrey then he maketh to be the neighbouring Scanzia or Scandia most probably now Hallandt Schonen and Bleking or the part in that Continent of the present Denmarke We adde the Ilands of Zeland Funen with others lying in the straights of the Sundt Afterwards the exact time we know not they spread into the bordering Cimbrain Chersonese in the maine land of Germany taking vp the left roomes of the Iutes English departing into the Iland of Britaine vnder Hengist By the raigne of Charles
the Great king of the Frenchmen vnder their king Godfrey wee finde them in Aymonius extended Southwards in the Chersonesse as far as the riuer Eydore dividing them from the Saxons beyond the Elb the present bounds now of Denmark from the land of Holstein and the German Empire In the yeare 787 and raigne of Brithric king of the West-Saxons agreeing with the 20 yeare of Charles the Great we first heare of them in England with three ships landing in the South-West parts hereof not so much attempting a conquest as making a discouery of the country In the next raigne of Great Egbert they first to any purpose invaded the Iland arriuing at seuerall times in the Iland of Lindisferne in the North in Wales and in the I le of Shepeye in Kent not without much difficulty driuen out by Egbert He deceasing they fell on with greater power and rage in the raignes of his sons Ethelwolf and Athelstan and of the succeeding English Monarches sons to Ethelwolf laying waste and beating downe all before them and subduing the Provinces of the Mercians East-Angles and Northumbrians where the English Governours or Princes being either slaine or beaten out they erected petty tyrannies of their owne Nation omitting no kinde of barbarous cruelty vpon the miserable and distressed inhabitants By the wisdome patience and great valour of learned Alfred this violent torrent is somewhat asswaged and the edge of their fury abated By Edward surnamed the Elder the East-Angles are recovered and vnited againe to the English Empire By Athelstan Northumberland or the rest of England the Danes being either wholy expulsed by him or made subject to his government mixing amongst and ioyning in alliance with the English By Edmund the first and Edred the Danes rebelling in Northumberland are againe vanquished and reduced into the English obedience after whom we heere read no more of them during the more peaceable raignes of Edwy Edgar and Edward surnamed the Martyr and vntil Ethelred the second In the vnfortunate raigne of this Prince they begin afresh their intermitted pyracies war which after the treacherous massacre of the Nation by Etheldred they maintained with a more eager pursuit and bloudie revenge managed in person by Swaine and Canutus their powerfull kings In the yeare 1016 both sides wearied with their continuall fights and mutuall butcheries they come to a composition with the English and the kingdome is divided betwixt the reconciled kings Canutus son to Swaine and Edmund Ironside son to Etheldred The death of the Iron-side hapning in the same yeare put shortly an end to this division and a beginning to the Monarchie of the Danes after whom the English loath as before any more to hazard submitted voluntarily to Canutus and the Danish government The time from the first arrivall of the Danes in the raigne of Brithricus king of the West-Saxons vnto the conquest of England by Canutus was 229 yeares The male issue of Canutus fayling in his son Hardi-canute the English in the person of Edward surnamed the Confessour resume the soveraignty the Danes thrust out The kings of England follow of the Danish descent off-spring Canutus surnamed the Great king of England Denmarke Norweye and Sweden son to Swaine He tooke to wife Emme sister to Richard the third Duke of Normandy widow to king Ethelred mother to Edward the Confessour Peace his kingdome established hee vnburthened the land of the multitudes of his Danish souldiers contented with a large salary at the request of Emme sent back into their Country Hauing governed with much piety iustice moderation for the space of 19 yeares hee deceased in the yeare 1035 buried at Winchester Harold king of England naturall son to Canutus intruding in the absence of his brother Hardi-canute to whom England with Denmarke had beene allotted by the will of Canutus He deceased without issue in the yeare 1040. Hardi-canute king of England son to Canutus Emma He deceased likewise sans issue in the yeare 1042 the last prince of the Danish bloud The house of Canutus being thus extinguished the Crowne of England all Danish forraine bloud by a present Decree of the States excluded returneth againe vpon the English Edward for his Saint-like life surnamed the Coufessour son to Ethelred Emma is sent for out of France where with Richard William Dukes of Normandy he had soiourned during the Danish vsurpation by a generall consent succeedeth in the kingdome to whom besides his nearenesse in regard of his English descent the right of the Danes did seeme in a manner to appertaine being halfe brother to the late deceased king THE KINGDOME OF ENGLAND recovered by the English or VVest-Saxons EDward surnamed the Confessour king of England son to king Ethelred the second Emma Daughter to Richard the second Duke of Normandy succeeding in the yeare 1042 Edward surnamed the out-law eldest son to Edmund Ironside the right heire remaining then in Hungarie passed ouer by the practise of Queene Emma very gracious in the subjects eyes or for that liuing in too forreine remote parts He deceased in the yeare 1066 marryed but hauing neuer vsed the company of his wife reputed in those blind times amongst his many true noble vertues deserving his accompt and name of Saint the last in the line masculine of the house of the West-Saxons Edward deceased Edgar Ethelinge the true heire son to Edward surnamed the out-law neglected as too young a forreiner borne in Hungary Harold son to Goodwin Earle of Kent Duke of the West-Saxons without either choyse or dislike of the irresolute English intrudeth into the Gouernment well approved for his great valour other Princely vertues befitting a king Harold king of England son to Goodwin Duke of the West-Saxons Earle of Kent succeeding in the yeare 1066 opposed by Harold Haardread king of Denmarke challenging the Crowne in the right of his Danish succession and by William surnamed the Bastard Duke of Normandy pretending the donation of Edward the Confessour The Dane vanquished slaine at Stamfordbridge in Yorkeshire with his torne and wearied troupes adventuring shortly after his person and the fortunes of the English against the Norman at the great battaile neare Hasting in Sussex he there most vnfortunately within the first yeare of his raigne lost both his kingdome and life the last English or Saxon king succeeded vnto by William the Conquerour and the Normans whose turne now falleth in the last place THE KINGDOME OF ENGLAND vnder the Normans THe word Normans or Nortmans signified Northerne men with the Dutch of which Nation and language they were The name was common to the Danes Norvegians and Swethlanders or to whatsoeuer German people inhabiting towards the Pole Artique and the North taken vp or giuen vnto them from such their more Northerly situation An ancient Frencb Historian liuing in the raigne of the Emperour Lewis the Godly about which time we finde them