halfe diminished and yet many of the riche inhabiters want roume wote not howe where to bestow themselues to their quiet contentatioÌ„s Certes this impedimeÌ„t groweth not be reason that men were greater in body then they haue beene in tyme past but onlye for y t their insatiable desire of inlarging their priuate possessions increaseth still vpon them will doe more except they be restrayned but to returne to our purpose The kings of Scotlande had this Islande vnder their dominioÌ„ almost from their first arriual in this Island and as Beda sayeth till Edwine king of the Northumbers wanne it from them and vnited it to his kingdome Hereof also I coulde bring better testimonie for we finde that the kings of Scotlande did not only giue lawes to such as dwelled there but also from tyme to tyme appoint such Byshoppes as shoulde exercise Ecclesiastical IurisdictioÌ„ in y e same Fnally how Cronica Tinemuthi after sundry sales bargains and coÌ„tracts of Matrimony for I reade y t WilliaÌ„ Scroupe the kings Vicechamberleyne did buy this Isle and crowne therof of the Lord Wil. Montacute Earle of Sarum it came vnto y e auncestours of the Earles of Darby who haue béene coÌ„monly sayd to be kings of Man the hystorie folowing as I suppose shal more at large declare Gyraldus noteth how there was contention sometyme betwéene the kings of Englande and Irelande for the ryght of this Islande but in the ende when by a coÌ„primise the tryall of the matter was referred to the liues or deathes of such venemous Wormes as shoulde be brought into the same and it was founde that they dyed not at all as the lyke doe in Irelande sentence passed with the kyng of Englande and so he retayned the Islande But howsoeuer this matter standeth whether any such thing was done at all or not sure it is that the people of the sayde Isle were much giuen to Witchcraft and Sorcerie which they learned of the Scottes a people greatly bent to that horrible practise insomuch that theyr women woulde oftentimes sell winde to the mariners inclosed vnder certayne knots of thréede with this iniunction that they which bought the same shoulde for a great gale vndoe manye and for the lesse a smaller number Tal 〈◊〉 in ma 〈…〉 The stature of the men also fertilitie of this Islande are much commended for the latter supposed verye néere to be equall with that of Anglesey in all commodities There are also these townes therin as they come now to my remeÌ„brance Rushen Dunglasse Holme towne S. Brids Bala Cury y e byshops house S. Mich. S. Andrew kirk christ kirk Louel S. Machees kirke SantaÌ„ Pala salla kirk S. Mary kirk CoÌ„cane kirk Malu Home But of all these Rushen with y e castel is the stroÌ„gest It is also in recompeÌ„ce of the common want of woode indued wyth sundry prety waters Riuers as first of all the burne that rysseth in north-side of warehill botomes branching out by southwest of kirke Santan it séemeth to cut of a great part of the eastside thereof from the residue of that Island From those hylles also but of the south halfe commeth the Home and Homey by a towne of the same name in the verry mouth whereof lieth the Pile afore mencioned They haue also the Bala passing by Bala cury on the westside and the Rame on the north whose fall is named Ramesey hauen as I doe reade in Chronicles There are moreouer sundry great hylles therein as that wherupoÌ„ S. Mathees standeth Hilles in the northeast parte of the Isle a parcell whereof commeth flat south betwéene kirke Louell and kirke Mary yéelding out of their botomes the water Bala whereof I spake before Beside these and well toward the south part of the Isle I finde the warehilles which are extended almost from the west coast ouertwhart vnto the burne streame It hath also sundrye hauens as Ramsey hauen Hauens by north Laxam hauen by east Port Iris by southwest Port Home and Port Michell by west In lyke sort there are diuers Islettes annexed to the same as the Calf of man on the south the Pile on the west and finallye S. Michelles Isle in the Gulf called Ranoths way in the east Moreouer the shéepe of thys countrye are excéeding huge wel woolled Calf of 〈◊〉 The pylâ— S. Michelles Isle Sheépe Hogges Barnaclâ—â— and their tayles of such greatnesse as is almost incredible In lyke sorte theyr hogges are in maner monstruous They haue furthermore great store of Barnacles bréeding vpoÌ„ their coasts but yet not so great store as in Ireland and those as there also of olde shippes Ores Mastes and such putryfied pytched stufe as by wrecke hath happened to corrupt vpon that shore Howbeit neyther the inhabytantes of thys Isle Barnaclâ—â— neyther fishe nor fleshe nor yet of Ireland can redily saye whether they be fish or fleshe for although the religious there vsed to eate theÌ„ as fishe yet elsewhere some haue béene troubled for eating them in times prohibited as Heretikes and Lollardes â—…ishop of â—…an There hath sometime béene and yet is a Byshop of this Isle who at the first was called Episcopus Sodorensis when y e iurisdiction of all y e Hebrides beloÌ„ged vnto him Wheras now he y t is Byshop there is but a Bishops shadow for albeit y t he beare y e name of Byshop of Man yet haue y e Earles of Darby as it is supposed al y e profite of his Sie sauing that they allowe him a little somewhat for a flourish notwithstaÌ„ding that they be hys patrons and haue hys nomination to that Sie â—…atrone Man It is subiect to the Byshoppe of Yorke also for spirituall Iurisdiction in time of Henry the seconde had a king as Houeden saith whose name was Cuthrede vnto whome Vinianus y e Cardinall came as Legate 1177. but sith I can neyther come by the names nor successions of those Princes that reigned there I surcesse to speake any more of them and also of the Isle it selfe whereof this may suffice After we haue in thus wise described the Isle of Man with hyr commodities we returned eastwardes back againe vnto y e point of Ramshed where we founde to the number of sixe Islettes of one sorte and other whereof the first greatest and most easterly is named the Wauay â—…auay It runneth out in length as wée gessed about fiue myles from the south into y e north and betwéene the same and the maine lande lie two little ones whose names I find not in anye writer so farre as I remember The fourth is called y e Fouldra and bring scituate southeast of the first it hath a prety pile or blockhouse therin which the inhabitaunts name the Pile of Fouldray â—…uldra â—…la â—…a By east thereof in lyke sort lye the Fola and the Roa plottes of no great compasse and yet of al these sixe the first and Fowldra are the fayrest
and mosâ—… fruitefull From hence we went by Rauenglasse point where lieth an Island of the same denomination â—â—auenâ—…asse as Reginalde Wolfe hath noted in his great Carde not yet finished nor lykely to be published He noteth also two other Islettes betwéene the same the mayne lande but Lelande speaketh nothing of them to my remembrance neyther anye other Carde as yet set foorth of England and thus much of the Islands that lie vpon our shoore Hauing so exactlye as to me is possible set downe the names positions of such Isles as are to be found vpoÌ„ the coastes of y e Quéenes maiesties dominions Nowe it resteth y t we procéede orderly wyth those y t are séene to lye vpoÌ„ the cost of Scotland that is to say in the Irish the Deucalidon the Germaines seas But before we come at these there are diuers other to be touched which are scituate betwéene the nuke of Galloway the Frith of Solue whose names I find not as yet fel downe by any writer neyther is their number greate Wherefore sith I may not doe in this their descriptioÌ„ what I would I must be contented to doe therein what I may and to ridde my hands of the one that I may the sooner come vnto and be dealing with the other The first of these therefore lyeth ouer agaynst Dundrenaw somewhat towarde the mouth of the streame that goeth vnto Glankaire The second is scituate in y e Dée wherin Trief Castell standeth Trief S. Mary Isle by west whereof lyeth S. Mary Isle which is ouer against Whitherne or as we nowe call it Witherne of which in our Englishe hystories we haue oft mention vnder the name of Candida Casa whereof the learned are not ignoraunt Beyonde these are two other lying togither as it were in the mouth of the lowest docke from thence we passed directly rounde about the aforesayde nuke vnto Dumbritton fyrth where we finde also nine or tenne Islandes of dyuers quantities wherof Ailze or Aliza is the first wherein is great plentye of the Soland foule Cinuary the second Bure the thirde Marnoch the fourth Pladua the fift Lanlach the sixt Arren or Botha the seauenth Sauday the eyght and Olr the ninth but of all these one or two are only accounted famous that is Arren the greatest of all wherin standeth a towne of the same name and Bure the next in which Rosa is scituate the reast are eyther vtterly barren or not very commodious except for fowle to such as owe the same By this time also are we come to the poynt of Cantyre 15. Miles betwéene Cantyre the coast of Deâ—…mond which is not passing fiftene or sixtene myles distaunt from the coast of Irelande so that next vnto these afore remeÌ„bred and when we haue fetched in the aforesaid poynt we come vnto the Hebrides which are reconned to be thrée and fourtie in number besides the flattes and shallowes as I haue earst affirmed in the beginning of thys chapter Of these aforesayd Islands I finde dyuers to be 30. myles some twelue other more or lesse quantity but Sky Mula Iona Ila are the greatest as shall appeare hereafter Certes it is impossible for me being a méere Englyshman voyde of helpe of small reading to discusse the controuersies that are mooued among the learned touching the Meuainae the Hebrides wherefore sith I am not able to deale so déepely with that matter I will first shewe what Islandes doe lye vpon the west coastes of Scotlande betwéene Cantyre and Andermouth heade giuing out onelye the names of the least sith I know nothing els of their commodities and greatnesse and then procéeding with the reast as they doe lie in order First of all therefore and ouer against Kiltan for I will go by the shore we haue Karay then Gegay S. Machare and hys neighbour Langa Suinnay Dunqu Corsey Leawing Cewil Nawell Caerbery Lismore Muke which lyeth at the very point of Andermouth ouer against Mere â—…ourtene in all From hence going westwarde wée come to the Terry and the Coll and then entring in among the reast by Earndeburge Vlwaye or Oronsay Colaâ—…say Iona minor we come at the last to Scarbo Corebricken Houell al which thus mencioned of the least are counted y e greatest yet there are sundry other of whose names I haue no knowledge In thys tracte also there are yet thrée to intreate of Ila as Ila Iona Mula of which the first is one of the most that hath not bene least accounted of It is not much aboue 30 myles in length twenty in breadth yet it is an excéeding riche plot of grounde very plenteous of corne but more ful of mettals which were easie to be obteyned if either the people were industrious or the soyle yéeldable of woode to fine and trye out the same Iona. Iona was sometime called Columkill In fame and estimation nothing inferiour to any of the other although in length it excéede little aboue twentie myles and in breadth 10. for by reason of a famous Abbie somtime buylded there by Fergus the seconde it hath bene countenaunced out by the sepulchres of so many kings as deceased in ScotlaÌ„d after the sayde Fergus vntil the tyme of Malcoline Cammor who by buylding another Abbey at Dunfermeling gaue occasion to hys successours to be interred there Mula Mula is a ryght noble Isle replenished wyth dyuers and sundry townes and castels as are also the other two albeit their names at thys tyme be not at hand ready This yet is worth the noting in this Islande aboue all the rest that it hath a pleasant spring arising two myles in distaunce from the shore wherin are certayne lyttle egges founde much like vnto indifferent Pearles both for colour and bryghtnesse and thereto full of thicke humour which egges being carried by violence of y e fresh water vnto the salt are there within the space of 12 houres conuerted into great shelles which I take to be the mother pearle except I be deceyued And thus much brieflye of the seauen and twentye greatest Isles lying within the aforesayde compasse being driuen of force to omitte the lesser onely for that I neyther fynd theyr names among the Scottishe writers neyther to saye the truth directlye vnderstande howe manye be flattes and howe manye be couered with grasse To procéede therefore by north of Andermouth we haue Egge Ron CaÌ„nay Flad Trantnesse where is a castell Trant Altauecke another Flad Rona and Scalpa beside sundrye smaller whose names I doe not knowe all these doe enuyron the greatest of all called Sky Skye in which are dyuers townes as Aye S. Iohns Dunwegen and S. Nicholas beside other and thereunto sundry lakes and freshe streames and those not withoute great abundaunce of Samon and sundry other fishe whereby the inhabitaunts of those partes doe reape no small aduauntage Furthermore by west of these lye diuers other percels also of this
in remembraunce of olde Troye from whence hys auncesters procéeded for which the Romaines pronounced afterward Trinobantum although the Welchmen doe call it still Trenewith This city was builded as some write much about the tenth yeare of his raigne so y t he lyued not aboue 15. yeares after he had finished y e same But of y e rest of hys other actes attempted and done before or after the erection of this city I finde no certayne report more then that when he had raigned in this Island after his arriuall by the space of 24. yeares he finished his dayes at Trenouanton aforesayde beyng in hys young and florishyng age where at his carcase was honorably interred As for the maner of hys death I finde as yet no mention therof among such writers as are extant I meane whether it grew vnto him by defect of nature or force of grieuous woundes receyued in hys warres agaynst such as withstood him from tyme to tyme in this Islande and therefore I can say nothing of that matter Herein onely all agrée that duryng the tyme of his languishing paynes he made a disposition of his whole kyngdome deuiding it into thrée partes or portions according to the nuÌ„ber of his sonnes then liuing whereof the oldest excéeded not 28. yeres of age as my coniecture gaueth me Locrine To the eldest therefore whose name was Locrine he gaue the greatest and best Region of all the rest Loegria whiche of hym to this day is called Lhoegres among the Britons but in our language Englande of such English Saxons as made conquest of the same This portioÌ„ also is included on the south with the Brittish sea on the east wyth the Germaine Ocean on the north wyth the Humber and on the west with the Irish sea and the riuers Dée and Sauerne wherof in the general description of this Island I haue spoken more at large To Camber his secoÌ„d sonne Camber Cambria he assigned all that lyeth beyonde the Sauerne and Dée towarde the west whiche parcel in these dayes conteineth Southwales and Northwales with sondry Islandes adiacent to the same the whole beyng in maner cut of and seperated from England or Loegria by the said streames wherby it séemeth almost Pemusula or a bye land if you respect the small hilly portion of ground that lyeth indifferently betwene their maine courses or such branches at the least as run and fall into them The Welchmen or Brytons call it by the auncient name still vnto this day but we Englishmen terme it Wales which denomination we haue from the Saxons who in time past did vse the word Walshe in such sort as we do straunge for as we cal all those straungers that are not of our nation so dyd they name them Walshe which were not of their countrey The third and last part of the Island he allotted vnto Albanacte hys youngest sonne for he had but thrée in all Albanact as I haue sayd before whose portion séemed for circuite to be more large then that of Camber and in maner equall in greatnesse wyth the dominions of Locrinus But if you haue regard to the seuerall commodities that are to be reaped by eche you shal find them to be not much discrepaunt or differing one from another for what so euer the first and second haue in plenty of corne fine grasse and large cattell This latter wanteth not in excéedyng store of fishe rich mettall quarries of stone and aboundaunce of wylde foule so that in myne opinion there coulde not be a more equall particion then this made by Brute and after the aforesayd maner This later parcel at the first toke the name of Albanactus who called it Albania But now a small portion onely of the Region beyng vnder the regiment of a Duke reteyneth the sayd denomination the reast beyng called Scotlande of certayne Scottes that came ouer from Ireland to inhabite in those quarters It is deuided from Loegres also by the Humber 〈◊〉 so that Albania as Brute left it conteyned all the north part of the Island that is to be fouÌ„d beyond the aforesayd streame vnto the point of Cathenesse To conclude Brute hauyng deuided hys kingdome after this maner and therin conteniyng himselfe as it were wyth the general title of the whole it was not loÌ„g after ere he ended his life and being solemnly interred at his new city by his thrée children they parted eche from other and tooke possession of their prouinces But Scotland after two yeres fell agayn into the handes of Locrinus as to the chiefe Lord by the death of his brother Albanact Locriâ—… king â—… of Scâ—â—land who was slayne by Humber kyng of the SeithieÌ„s and left none issue behynde hym to succéede hym in that kyngdome That notwithstanding the former diuision made by Brute vnto his children the souereigntie of the whole Islande remained still to the prince of Lhoegres and his posteritie after him Chap. xvj IT is possible that some of the Scottish nation reading the former chapter will take offence with me for meaning y t the principalitie of the North partes of this Isle hath alwayes belonged to the kinges of Lhoegres The Scotâ—… alwayâ—… desinrâ—… to 〈◊〉 the 〈◊〉 subiâ—â— haue oâ—…ten 〈◊〉 cruell 〈◊〉 odious temptaâ—… to be 〈◊〉 in 〈◊〉 For whose more ample satisfaction in this behalfe I will here set downe therfore a discourse therof at large written by diuers and nowe finally brought into one Treatise sufficient as I thinke to satisfie the reasonable although not halfe ynough peraduenture to content a wrangling minde sith there is or at the least wyse hath béene nothing more odious amoÌ„g some then to heare that the king of England hath oughtes to doe in Scotland How their Historiographers haue attempted to shape a couloured excuse to auoyde so manifest a tytle all men maye sée that reade their bookes indifferently whereunto I doe referre them For my part there is little or nothing of myne herein more then onely the collection of a number of fragmentes togither wherein chiefly I haue vsed the helpe of Nicholas Adams who wrate thereof of set purpose to king Edward the sixt as Leland dyd the lyke to king Henry the eyght Iohn Harding vnto Edwarde the fourth beside thrée other whereof the first dedicated hys Treatise to Henry the fourth the seconde to Edwarde the thirde and the thirde to Edwarde the first as their writinges yet extant doe abundâ—…ntly beare witnesse The tytle also that Lelande giueth his booke which I haue had written with his owne hands beginneth in this maner These remembraunces following are found in Chronicles authorized remaining in diuers nonasteries both in Englande and Scotlande by which it is euidently knowen shewed that the kinges of England haue had and nowe ought to haue the souereignetie ouer Scotlande wyth the homage and fealtie of the kings their reigning from time to time Herevnto you haue heard already what diuisioÌ„ Brute made of this Islande not
his description and knowledge of his course â—…ersey The Mersey riseth among the Peke hils and from thence going downe to the Woodhouse and taking sundrie rilles withal by the waye it becommeth the confines betwéene Chester and Darbyshyres Going also toward Goitehal it méeteth with a faire brooke increased by sundrye waters â—…it called Goyte whereof I finde this short and briefe description The Goyte riseth not far froÌ„ the Shire méere hill wherein the Doue and the Dane haue their original that parteth Darbyshire and Chesteshyres in sunder and thence commeth downe to Goyte howses Dâ—â—rth Taâ—…hall Shawcrosse and at Weybridge taketh in the Frith Frith Set. and beneath Berdhall the Set that riseth aboue Thersethall and ruÌ„neth by Ouersette After this confluence also the Mersey goeth to Goyte hall and at Storford towne méeteth with the Tame Tame which deuideth Chestershire and Lancastershyres in sunder and whose heade is in the very edge of Yorkeshyre from whence it goeth Southwarde to Sâ—â—leworth Firth then to Muâ—…elhirst Sâ—…aly hal Ashdon Vnderline Dunkefield Denton Reddish and so at Stockeford or Stopford into the Mersey streame which passeth forth in like sort to Doddesbyry receyuing a brooke by the waye that commeth from Littâ—â— parke by Brâ—â—thall parke and Chedley From Doddesbury it procéedeth to Northen Ashton Aâ—…ston Flixston where it receiueth the Irwell a notable water Irwell and therefore his description is not to be omitted before I doe go forward any farder with the Mersey It riseth aboue Bacop and goeth thence to Rosendale and in the waye to Aytenfielde it taketh in a water from Haselden After this confluence it goeth to Newhall Brandlesham Brury and aboue Ratcliffe ioyneth with y e Rache water Raeus or Rache a faire streame and to be described when I haue finished the Irwell as also the next vnto it beneath Radcliffe bycause I woulde not haue so manye endes at once in hande wherewith to trouble my readers Beyng therfore past these two our Irwel goeth on to Clifton Hollâ—…nde Edgecroft Lelande speaketh of of the Corue water aboute Manchester but I knowe nothing of his course Yrke Medlocke Strang wayes and to Manchester where it vniteth it selfe with the Yrke that runneth thereinto by Royton Midleton Heaton hâ—…ll and Blackeley Beneath Manchester also it méeteth with the Medlocke that coÌ„meth thyther froÌ„ the north east side of Oldham betwéene Clayton and Garret Halles and so betwéene two parkes falling into it about Holne Thence our Irwel going forward to Woodsall Whicleswijc Erles Barton Deuelhom it falleth néere vnto Flixton into the water of Mersey where I will staye a while withall till I haue brought the other vnto some passe of which I spake before The Rache consisteth of sundrye waters Rache whereof eche one in a maner hath a proper name but the greatest of all is Rache it self which ryseth among the blacke stony hilles from whence it goeth to Littlebrough and beyng past Clegge receyueth the Beyle Beile that commeth thither by Myluernaw chappell After thys confluence also it méeteth with a rill néere vnto Rachedale and soone after with the Sprotton water Sprotton and then the Sudley brooke Sudley whereby his chanell is not a litle increased which goeth from thence to Grisehirst and so into the Irwell before it come at Ratcliffe Bradsha The second streame is called Bradsha It ryseth of two heades aboue TuretoÌ„ church whence it runneth to Bradsha and ere long taking in the Walmesley becke Walmesley they go in one chanell till they come beneath Bolton in the More From hence receyuing a water that commeth from the rootes of Rauenpike hill by the way it goeth by Deane and Bolton in the more and so into Bradsha water which taketh his way to Leuermore Farnworth Leuerlesse and finally into the Irwell which I before described and whereof I finde these two verses to be added at the last Yrke Irwell Medlocke and Tame When they meete with the Mersey do lose their name Nowe therefore to resume our Mersey you shall vnderstande that after his confluence with the Irwel he runneth to Partington and not farre from thence interteineth y e Gles Gles or Glesbrooke water increased wyth sundrye armes whereof one commeth from Lodward an other from aboue Houghton the thyrde from Hulton Parcke and the fourth from Shakerley and beyng all vnited néere vnto Leighe the confluence goeth to Holcroft Bollein broke and aboue Holling gréene into y e swift Mersey After this increase the saide streame in lyke sort runneth to Rigston there admytteth the Bollein brooke water into his societie which rising néere y e Chamber in Maxwell Forest goeth to Ridge Sutton Maxfield Bollington Prestbyry and Newton where it taketh in a water coÌ„ming froÌ„ about Pot Chappell which runneth froÌ„ thence by Adlington Woodforde Wymsley Ryngey and Ashley there receyuing the Byrkin brooke that commeth from betwene Allerton and Marchall Birkin by Mawberly and soone after the Marus or Mar Mar. that coÌ„meth thereinto from Mar towne by Rawstorne and after these confluences goeth on to Downham and ouer against Rixton beneth Crosforde bridge into the Mersey water which procéeding on admitteth not another that méeteth with all néere Lym before it go to Thelwall Thence also it goeth by Bruche and so to Warrington a little beneath crossing a brooke that commeth from Par by Browsey Bradley and Saukey on the one side and another on the other that commeth thither from Gropenhall and with these it ruÌ„neth on to nether Walton Acton grange and so to Penkith where it interteineth the Bolde and soone after the Grundiche water on the otherside that passeth by Preston 〈…〉 and Daresbyry Finallye our Mersey goyng by Moulton it falleth into Lirepoole Hauen when it is past Râ—…ncorne And thus much of the Mersey comparable to the Wyuer and of no lesse fame then most ryuers of thys Islande Beyng past these two we come next of all to the Tarbocke water that falleth into the sea at Harbocke 〈◊〉 without finding any 〈◊〉 tyll we be past all Wyrall out of Leirpoole hauen and from the blacke rockes that lye vpon the north point of the aforesayd Island Then come we to the Altmouth Alt. whose fresh rysing not farre into the lande commeth to Feston and soone after receiuing another on the ryght hand that passeth into it by Aughton it is increased no more before it come at the sea Neyther finde I any other falles till I méete with the mouth of the Yarrow and Duglesse which haue their recourse to the sea in one Chanell as I take it The Duglesse commeth from by west of Rauenspike hill â–ª 〈◊〉 and ere long runneth by Andertonford to Worthington so takyng in two or thrée rylles by the waye to Wige where it receyueth two waters in on chanel of which one commeth in south from Bryn Parke the other from northeast Being past thys it receyueth one on
Picts were compelled to breake their array fall to plaine running away the Scots following so egrely in the chase that more of their enimies were thought to die in the flight than before there had done in y e battel S. Colme as yet being aliue and within his monasterie in the I le of Iona had knowledge by diuine inspiration as the Scottish chronicles make mention of all these matters how they went and at the very time that the battels were in fight togither he had assembled a companie of right vertuous and godly disposed persons making intercession for the prosperous speede of their king the foresayde Aydan and at the very instant as it was knowen after S. Colme endewed with the sprite of secrete knowledge ▪ that the Saxons began to flee as they which had the ouerthrow that holy old father shewed greate token of ioy and gladnesse declaring vnto his bretherne by the spryte of secrete knowledge or prophecie how Aydan had the better and that his enimies were discōfited willing them therevpon to giue vnto God thankes for the same There was an huge multitude slaine in this conflict Ceuline king of Westsaxons slaine but namely the death of Ceulyne king of the Westsaxons with other twoo woorthie Captaynes of that nation Quhitelline or Whiteline made the slaughter more sorowfull on that side the one of them hight Cialyne and the other Quhitellyne The day next after the batayle the spoyle of the field being gathered togither all that whiche was knowen to haue bene taken out of Galloway and other countreys of the Scottes was restored by the kings authoritie vnto the owners againe The deuision of the spoyle The residue which remayned was deuided amongst the souldiers the tenth parte onely excepted whiche was distributed vnto Priestes and Curates to bestowe the same vpon ornaments for theyr Churches The Banners and Standerds of the Saxons and Picts with many other riche offerings king Aydan sente vnto the Abbey of Colmekill there to remaine as perpetuall monuments and tokens of so notable a victorie The yeare next following that holy father S. Colme nowe almoste wasted through age S. Colme departed out of this life and hereto also sore troubled with a reumaticke humor fell sicke and died Some say hee ended his life in his house amongst his bretherne within the Isle of Iona otherwise called Colmekill but Saint Bede writeth howe hee died in an Iland called Heu where againe the Irishe wryters affirme that he departed in a towne in Ireland called Dune and that his tombe is there in great veneration of the people vpō the which are these Latine verses engrauen Hitres in Duno tumulo tumulantur in vno Brigida Patricius atque Columba pius Which verses Balantine translateth thus Saint Colme Saint Patricke and Brigitta pure Thir three in Dune lies in ane sepulture Neither did Aydan the Scottishe king liue long time after Aydan king of the Scottishe mē departeth this worlde for hearing as is sayde that Saint Colme was dead shortly therevpō more through griefe than by force of sickenesse he departed this worlde after he had reygned .xxxvij. yeares in gouernaunce ouer the Scottish men he died about the yeare of our Lorde .606 606. In the dayes of this Aydan there was sente into Albion from Gregory the Pope of Rome Augustinus Mellitus sonne into Albion diuers learned men amongst whom were Augustinus and Mellitus to instruct the English people in the faith of Christ whiche as yet they had not receyued By the earnest trauell and exhortation of these instructors Ethelbert is baptised Etherbert king of the Kentishe Saxons was baptised with all his people The Brittishe priests nor their doctrine the Saxons could in nowise abide The Saxons hatred toward the Brittishe Priestes bicause as is supposed the one nation through a naturall hatred still sought the destruction of the other Sussex and Essex receyue the Christian faith The South and east Saxons moued with the ensample of the Kentish Saxons shortly after also renounced theyr olde superstitious idolatrie and likewise receyued the Christian faith Edelfred his displeasure Edelfred king of Northumberlande moued vnto displeasure herewith sente woord vnto these Saxons of the south partes as then all of them generally knowen by the name of Englishmen that sithe they had forsaken the olde institutions and auncient religion of theyr forefathers hee woulde surely from thence foorth be no lesse enimie vnto them than vnto the Scottes and Brytons Valdred other wise called Baldred the doctor of the Pictes There liued in these dayes that holy man Valdred a Scottishe man borne but dwelling amongst the Pictes whom he instructed in the right faith and therefore was named the doctor of the Pictes He departed out of this life within the Iland called the Basse lying about .ij. miles off from the maine land within the sea where the Forth hath the entry betwixt the same Isle and an other called the May. There were three parishes fell at contention for the buriall of his bodie as Aldham Tynningam Preston so farre forth that they were at point to haue fought about it but that by councell of some discrete persons amongst them it was ordeyned that they should continue in prayer for that night in the next morning stande to the order of the Bishop of the diocese who was come thyther the same time to be present at the buriall The next day in the morning there was found .iij. beeres with .iij. A myracle if it be true bodies decētly couered with clothes so like in all resemblance that no man might perceyue any difference Then by cōmaundemēt of the bishop and with great ioy of all the people the sayde seuerall bodies were caried seuerally vnto the sayd three seuerall Churches and in the same buried in moste solemne wise where they remayne vnto this day in muche honour with the cōmon people of the countreys neare adioyning AFter that the corps of king Aydan was buried in Colmekill Kenethus Keyr Kenethus Keyr crowned king of Scottes the nobles of the realme assembled togither in Argyle aboute the election of a newe king Where by the generall voyces of thē al Kenethus Keyr the sonne of Conualle sometime king of the Scottish men as before is mencioned was nowe proclaymed king and crowned according to the maner but hee liued not passing .iiij. moneths after but died of a catharrike rewme falling downe into the artery called Trachea Kenethus Keir dieth of the cough of the lungs He deliuered as it were the possession of his kingdome by way of surrendring the same into the handes of Eugenius sonne to king Aydan Eugenius the fourth of that name by consent of all the nobles a litle before he died for that it was knowen he had a right therevnto after the decease of Kenethus A louer of peace quietnesse This Eugenius then beyng placed in the kingly seat forgot not
iourney for that it was thoughte who so had the same in possession coulde not but obteyne souerayntie and rule ouer others as a king namely those of the Scottishe nation This stone Ferguse brynging into Scotland left it there But although that Ferguse be put in ranke among those Scottishe kings that shuld reigne in Britayn yet he bare smal rule there and was diuers tymes beaten back into Irelande where finally he was drowned by mysfortune within the creeke of Knockfergus Knockfergus That hee encountred with Coilus king of Britons as the Scots write is not possible as oure author hathe verie well noted excepte they mystake the name of Coilus for Cailus with whome the age of Ferguse mighte well meete the rather for that in the firste yeare of Cailus reigne the Pictes entred Ferguse immediately after them .330 yeeres ere Christe was borne where Coilus reigned in the yeare after the incarnation .124 124. about whiche tyme befell the second arriuall of the Pictes in Britayne And thus it maye bee they mistake by errour of the name Coilus for Cailus and the second arriuall of the Picts for the first But now to the course of the historie Whilest the Picts were seated in the north of Britaine and grew to a great multitude the Irish made sundry errandes ouer to visite theyr daughters nephues and kinsfolk and by their often comming and going they were aware of certayn waste corners and small Ilandes voyd of inhabitants as that which seemed rather neglected and suffred to lye waste Hereof they aduertised their princes Reuther or Reuda namely Reuther or Reuda who beeing descended of Ferguse determined to inuest himself in certaine portions of lande beside the Pictes He therfore wel appointed passed ouer and partly by composition partely by force got possession of those quarters whiche were desolate and began to erecte a kingdome there by little and little encreasing his limites and finally got betwixte the Pictes and Britayns possessing that countrey which tooke the name of him called Rheudersdahal and now Riddesdale as you would say Rhendas part for dahal in y e old Scottish tong signifieth a part In these quarters he coulde not settle hymselfe but that he was oftentymes assayled by the Britons that bordered next vnto him and at length his chaunce was to be slayne but the kingdome continued still in the handes of his successours The amitie betvvixt Scottes and Picts and the Pictes and Scottes grew in frendship togither permitting eche other to lyue in quyet The Scots nestled them selues in the Iles and coasts alongst the sea side The Picts held the middle part But shortely after the peace began to hang doubtfull betwixt them for the diuersitie of people place custom language Their fallyng out together with the memorie of olde grudges moued such iealosy and inward hate betwixte those nations that it seemed they were redy to breake out into open dissention vpon the firste occasion And as in suche cases there neuer wanteth one deuise or other to rayse tumults it chaunced that certaine of the Scottish nobilitie had got out of Greece as some write a Molossian hound which both in swiftnesse of foot and pleasantnesse of mouth was accompted peerlesse This hounde being stollen by a Picte was cause of the breache of peace Stryfe about a dogge so that cruell warres therof ensued as in the Scottish historie more at large appeareth But where some write that Eugenius shoulde reigne ouer the Scottes when this quarell fell out for stealing of this hound Hector Boetius sayeth it was in king Crathlinths dayes Moreouer it should seme by that which the same Boetius writeth that the hound or greihound for the which this trouble rose was not fetched so far as out of Grecia but rather bred in Scotland notwithstāding bicause the Latinists call such kinde of dogs Molossi for that the first generation of them or the like came from a citie of Gretia called Molosse it may be that some haue thoughte that this greyhounde came from thence for that he was so called after the name of that place frō whence the breed of him first came But to returne to the historie After the Scottes and Pictes had tugged togither a whyle Carausius agreeth them Anno Christ◅ 288. at lengthe one Carausius a Bryton labored a frendship betwixt them and bringing his purpose to passe perswaded them to lend him their help to expulse the Romaines out of Britayne but his happe was shortly after to be slayne by the Romaine capitayne Alectus And so newe sturres were in hand betwixt the Britons and Romaines the Scottes and Pictes for the most parte taking parte with the Britons till at length Maximus the Romayne lieutenant founde meanes to set the Scots and Picts at variance ioyning with the Picts in league vsed their ayde against the Scots whome he so earneslly pursued with all the power he might make that in the end they were vtterly expulsed out of all the coastes of Britayne The Scots expulsed See more of this matter in Scotlande 326. so that they fledde some into one parte somme into an other but the moste number gotte them ouer into Irelande and the Iles wher they remained for the space of .43 yeares and then at length returned thither vnder the leading of their prince Ferguse being the second of that name The Picts rooted foorth by the scots as they accompt him From thencefoorth the Scots kepte suche foote in Britayn that they encroched vpon their neighbors in suche wyse as they waxed stronger than the Pictes whom in the end they quite rooted foorth and nestled themselues in their seates althoughe nowe at their firste retourne they concluded a firme amitie with the same Pictes that ioygning theyr forces together they might the better make head agaynst bothe Romayns and Brytayns whome they reputed as common enimies to them bothe Thus the Scots a liuely cruell vnquiet ancient and victorious people got place within this Isle of Britayne mixed first with Britons secondly with Pictes thirdly and chiefly with the Irishe whiche after this tyme lefte their name of Scots vnto those in Britayne and chose rather to be called Irishe and then came vp the distinction of the name as Scotia maior for Irelande Scotia minor for the countreye inhabited by the Scots within Britayne But Cambrensis sayth Giraldus Cambrensis that the Scots chiefly preuailed vnder the leading of .6 valiant gentlemen sonnes to Murious king of Vlster who in the time of Neale surnamed the greate that enioyed the Monarchie of Ireland passing ouer into Scotlād to succour their coūtreymen there at length tooke vp for themselues certain parcels of ground which their posteritie were owners of in the time that Cambrensis liued to wit about the yeare of our Lord .1200 who treateth hereof more largely in his Booke intitled Topographia Britanniae Sith which time they haue bene euer taken reputed and named Scots the Pictish nation
fish for which he did cast his hooke so great was the fishe that he caught in the end that within the space of 1000 lesse it deuoured the fourth parte and more of the best soyle of the Islande which was whollye bestowed vpon his monkes and other relygious brodes y t were hatched since his time Whilest these things were thus in hande in the south parte of Albion the Meates Pictes and Caledoniens Meates Pictes Caledonies which lye beyonde the Scottish sea receiued also the preaching of such christian elders as aduentured thither daily and not without great successe and increase of perfit godlynesse in that parte of the I le Certes this prosperous attempt passed all mens expectatioÌ„ for that these nations were in those dayes reputed wild sauage and more vnfaithfull and craftye then well minded people as the wilde Irish are in my time and such were they to say the truth in déede as neyther the sugred curtesye nor sharpe swordes of the Romaines coulde restreyne from their naturall fury or bring to any order For this cause also in th end y e Romaine Emperours did vtterly cast them of as an vnprofitable brutishe and vntameable nation by an huge wall hereafter to be described separated that rude companye from the milde and ciuill portion Scotlande conuerted to y e fayth of Christ This conuersion of the north parts fell out in the sixt yeare before the warres that Seuorus had in those quarters and 170. after y e death of our Sauiour Iesus Christ From thenceforth also the christian religion contynued still among them by the diligent care of their Pastors and Byshops after the vse of the churches of the south part of this Island tyll the Romaine shepehearde sought them out and founde the meanes to pull them vnto him in like sort with his long staffe as he had done our countryemen whereby in in the ende he abolished the rites of the churches of Asia there also as Augustine had done already in England and in stéede of the same did furnish it vp with those of his pontificall Sie although there was great contention and no lesse bloudshed made amongst them before it coulde be brought to passe as by the Hystories of both nations yet extaunt is casye to be séene Palladius In the time of Coelestine Bishop of Rome one Palladius The first attempt of the Bish of Rome to bring Scotlande vnder hys obedience a Grecian borne to whome Cyrill wrote hys Dialogue de adoratione in spiritu sometime disciple to Iohn the 24. Bishop of Ierusalem came ouer from Rome into Brytaine there to suppresse the Pellagien heresye which not a little molested the Orthodoxes of that Iland And hauing done much good in the extinguishing of the aforesayd opinioÌ„ there he went at the last also into Scotlande supposing no lesse but after he had trauailed somewhat in confutation of the Pelagiens in those partes he shoulde easilye perswade that crooked nation to admit and receiue the rytes of the church of Rome as he woulde faine haue done beforehande in the south Fastidius Bishop of London But as Fastidius Bishop of LondoÌ„ and his Suffragans resisted him here so dyd the Scottish Prelates withstande him here also in this behalfe howbeit because of the authoritie of his commisson grauitie of personage the great gift which he had in the vayne of pleasaunt perswasion whereby he drewe the people after him as Orpheus did the stones with his Harpe and Hercules such as hearde him by his tongue they had hym in great admiration are nowe contented the rather also for that he came froÌ„ Rome to take him for their chiefe Apostle Palladiâ—…e accomptâ—… for the Apostle of Scottes returning from hys comming vnto them as from the fayth receiued which was in the 431. yeare of Christ as the truth of theyr History doth very well confirme Thus wée sée what religion hath from time to time béene receiued in this Islande and howe and when the faith of Christ came first into our country Howbeit as in processe of time it was ouershadowed and corrupted with the dreames and fantasticall imaginations of man so it daily waxed woorse woorse till that it pleased God to restore the preaching of his Gospell againe in our dayes wherby the man of sinne is nowe openly reuealed and the puritye of the worde once agayne brought to light to the vtter ouerthrowe of Sathan and his Popish adherentes that honour him day and night Of the number and names of such salt Islands as lye dispersed rounde about vppon the coast of Brytaine Cap. 8. THere are néere vnto or not verye farre from the coasts of Brytaine many faire Islandes whereof Irelande with hir neighbors not here haÌ„dled séeme to be the chiefe But of y e reast some are much larger or lesse then other diuers in lyke sort enuironed continually with the salt sea whereof I purpose onely to intreate although not a few of them be Ilands but at the floude other finally be clipped partely by the fresh and partly by the salt water or by the freshe alone whereof I may speake afterwarde Of these salt Islandes for so I call them that are enuyroned with the Ocean-waues some are fruitefull in Wood Corne Wildefoule and pasture grounde for Cattel albeit that manye of them be accounted barren because they are only replenished with conies those of sundry collors cherished of purpose by the owners for their skinnes carcases and prouysion of housholde wythout eyther man or woman otherwise inhabiting in them Furthermore the greatest number of these Islandes haue Townes and parishe Churches within theyr seuerall precinctes some mo some lesse and beside all thys are so inriched with commodities that they haue pleasant hauens freshe springes great store of fishe and plentye of Cattell whereby the inhabitants doe reape no small aduantage How many they are in nuÌ„ber I caÌ„not as yet determine bycause myne informations are not so fully set down as the promises of some on the side myne expectation on the other did exteÌ„d vnto Howbeit y e first of al there are certeine which lie néere togither as it were by heaps clusters I hope 〈◊〉 will rediliy deny Nesiadae Insule Scylurum Sileustrae Syllanae Sorlingae Sylley Hebrides Hebudes Meuanie Orchades Of these also those called y e Nesiadae Insulae Scylurum Sileustrae Syllanae nowe y e sorlings and Isles of Silley lying beyond Cornwall are one and conteineth in number one hundred fourtye seauen eche of them bearing grasse besides shelfers and shallowes In like sort the company of the Hebrides are another which are sayd to be 43. situate vpon the west side of this Island betwéene Ireland and Scotland and of which there are some that repute Anglesey Mona Gaesaris other lying betwéene them to be percell in theyr corrupted iudgement The thirde cluster or bunche consisteth of those that are called the Orchades and these lye vpon the
Northwest point of Scotlande being 31. in number as for the reast they lye scattered here and there and yet not to be vntouched as theyr courses shall come about There haue béene diuers that haue written of purpose De insulis Britanniae as Caesar doth confesse the lyke also maye be séene by Plutarche who nameth one Demetrius a Brytaine that shoulde set foorth an exact treatise of eche of them in order but sith those bookes are now peryshed and the most of the sayde Islandes remaine vtterly vnknowne euen to our owne selues I meane God willyng to set downe so many of them with their commodities as I doe either knowe by Leland or am otherwyse instructed of by such as are of credite Herein also I will touch at large such as are most famous and brieflye passe ouer those that are obscure and vnknowen making myne entraunce at the Thames mouth and directing thys imagined course for I neuer sailed it by y e south part of the Iland into y e West FroÌ„ thence in lyke sort I will proceede into the North come about againe by the east side into y e fall of the aforesaid streame where I will strike sayle safely be set a shoore that haue often in this voyage wanted water but oftner béene set a grounde especiallye on the Scottish side In beginning therfore with such as lye in the mouth of the aforesayde Riuer I must néedes passe by the Hoo Hoo. whiche is not an Islande but if I may giue such péeces a new name a bylande bycause we may passe thyther from the maine Isle by an Isthums or strictlande that is to say by lande without anye vessell at the full Sea or any horse at the ebbe Greane It lyeth betwéene Clyffe and the mid-way that goeth aloÌ„g by Rochester Next vnthis we haue the Greane wherein is a towne of the same denomination an Isle supposed to be foure miles in length and two in bredth Shepey Then come we to Shepey which conteineth seauen myles in length and thrée in breadth wherein is a castell called Quinborowe and a Parke beside foure Townes of which one is named Munster another Eastchurch the thyrde Warden the fourth Leyden the whole sâ—…yle beingâ—… thorowly â—…ad with sheepe â—…erye well woodded and as I here belonging to the Lord Cheyney as parcell of his 〈◊〉 inheritaunce It lyeth thirtéene myles by water from Rochester but the Castle is fiftéene and by south thereof are two small Islandes whereof the one is called Elmesy and the more easterly Hertesy â–ª Elmesey Hertsey In this also is a towne called Hertie or Hartie and all in the Hathe of Scraie notwithstanding that Hartie lieth in the hundred of Fauersham and Shepey retaineth one especyall Baily of hir owne From hence we passe by the Reculuers or territorie belonging in tyme past to one Raculphus who erected an house of religion or some such thing there vnto a litle Island in the stoure mouth Sturesey Thanet Herevpon also the Thanet abutteth which is rather a bylande then an yland Beda noteth it in times past to haue contayned 600 families which are all one with Hidelandes * In Lincolneshire the worde hyde or hidelande was neuer in vse in olde time as in other places but for hide they vsed the word Catucate or cart-ware or Teme and these were of no lesse compasse then an hideland Ex Hugone le blanc Monacho petroburgensi Plowghlandes Carrucates or Temewares He addeth also y e it is deuided from our continent by the riuer called Wantsume which is about thrée furlongs brode to be passed ouer in two places onely But whereas Polidore sayeth the Tenet is nyne myles in length not much lesse in bredth it is nowe reconed that it hath not much aboue seueÌ„ myles from Nordtmuth to Sandwiche foure in bredth froÌ„ the Stoure to Margate or from the South to the North the circuit of y e whole being 17. or 18. as LeylaÌ„d also noteth This IlaÌ„d hath no wood growing in it except it be forced yet otherwise it is very fruitfull and beside that it wanteth fewe other commodities the finest chalke is sayde to be found there Herin also dyd Augustine the Monke first arriue when he came to conuert the Saxons afterward in processe of tyme sundry religious houses were erected there as in a soyle much bettered as y e supersticiors supposed by steps of that holy man such as came ouer with him There are at this tyme 10. Parish churches at the least in y e Isle of Thanet as S. Nicholas BirchingtoÌ„ S. Iohns Wood or Woodchurch S. Peters S. LaureÌ„s MowntoÌ„ or Monketon Minster S. Gyles and all Saincts wherof M. Lambert hath written at large in his description of Kent placed the same in lath the of S. Augustine and hundred of Ringeflow as may easily be séene to him that will peruse it Rutupium Sometyme Rutupium or as Beda calleth it Reptacester stoode also in this Islande but now thorowe alteration of the chanell of the Dour it is shut quite out and annexed to the maine It is called in these daies Richeborow and as it shoulde seeme buylded vpon an indifferent soyle or highe grounde The large brickes also yet to be séene there in the ruinous walles declare eyther the Romayne or the old Brittish workemanship But as time decayeth all things so Rutupium is now become desolate out of the dust therof Sandwiche producted which standeth a full mile from the place where Reptacester stoode The olde writers affirme how Ethelbert the first christian king of Kent did holde his pallace in this towne and yet none of his coyne hath hitherto béene founde there as is dayly that of the Romaynes whereof many péeces of siluer and gold so wel as of brasse copper and other mettal haue often bene shewed vnto me It shoulde appeare in lyke sorte that of this place all the whole coast of Kent therabout was called Littus Rutupinum which some doe not a little confirme by these words of Lucane to be red in his sixt booke soone after the beginning Aut vaga cum Tethis Rutupinaque littora feruent Vnda Calidonios fallit turbata Brittannos Or when the waÌ„dering Seas or Kentish coasts doe worke The last verse of one copie and first of another and Calidons of Brittishe bloude the troubled waues beguyle Meaning in like sorte by the latter the coaste néere Andredeswalde which in time past was called Littus Calidonium of that wood or forrest as Leland also confirmeth But as it is not my minde to deale any thing curiously in these by matters so in returning againe to my purpose taking my iorney toward the Wight I must néeds passe by Selesey Selesey which sometime as it should séeme hath ben a noble yland but now a BylaÌ„d or Peninsula wherin the chiefe Sie of the Byshop of Chichester was holden by the space of 329. yeres vnder 20. Bishops Thorne
Next vnto this we come vnto those that lye betwéene the Wight and the mayne lande of which the most easterly is called Thorne to say truth y e very least of al that are to be founde in that knotte Being past the Thorne we touched vpon the Haling which is bigger then the Thorne and wherein one towne is scituate of the same denominatioÌ„ beside another whose name I remember not By west also of the Haling lieth the Port the greatest of the thrée already mencioned in this standeth Portsmouth and Ringstéed Haling whereof also our Lelande sayeth thus Port Isle is cut froÌ„ the shore by an arme of the maine hauen which breaketh out about three myles aboue Portsmouth goeth vp two myles or more by morishe grounde to a place called Portbridge Port. which is two myles froÌ„ Portsmouth TheÌ„ breaketh there out another Créeke froÌ„ the maine sea about Auant hauen which gulleth vp almost to Portbridge and thence is the ground disseuered so that Portsmouth staÌ„deth in a corner of this Isle which Island is in length sixe myles and thrée myles in bredth very good for grasse corne not without some wood and here and there inclosure Beside this there is also another IslaÌ„d north northwest of port yle which is now so worne and washed awaye with the working of the sea that at the spring tides it is wholly couered with water and thereby made vnprofitable Finally being past all these in compassing this goulfe we come by an other which lyeth North of Hirst castell and southeast of Kaie hauen whereof I finde nothing worthy to be noted sauing that it wanteth wood as Ptolomie affirmeth in hys Geographicall tables of all those Islands which enuironne our Albion The Wight it selfe is called in latine Vectis Wight Guidh but in the Bryttish speach Guidh that is to say éefe or easie to be séene It lieth distaÌ„t from the south shore of Britaine where it is fardest of by fiue myles a halfe but where it commeth néerest not passing a thousande paces and this at the cut ouer betwene Hirst castell and a place called Whetwell chine as the inhabitauntes doe report It contayneth in length twentie myles and in bredth tenne it hath also the North poole eleuated by 50. degrées and 27. minutes is onely 18. degrées in distaunce and 50. odde minutes from the West point as experience hath confirmed contrarie to the description of Ptolomie and such as followe his assertions in the same In forme it representeth almost an egge and so well is it inhabited with méere English at this present that there are thirtie sixe Townes Villages and Castels to be founde therin beside 27. Parish churches of which 15. or 16. haue their Parsons the reast eyther such poore Vicares or Curates as the liuings left are able to sustayne The names of the Parishes in the Wight are these 1. Newport a chap. 2. Cairsbrosie v. 3. Northwood 4. Arriun v. 5. Goddeshill v. 6. Whytwell 7. S. Laurence p. 8. Nighton p. 9. Brading v. P. signifieth Parâ—…nages â—… Vicarâ—â— 10. Newchurch v. 11. S. Helene v. 12. Yauerland p. 13. Calborne p. 14. Bonechurch p. 15. Mottesson p. 16. Yarmouth p. 17. Thorley v. 18. Shaâ—â—â—e v. 19. WhippinghaÌ„ p. 20. Wâ—…tton p. 21. Chale p. 22. Kingston p. 23. Shorwell p. 24. â—…aâ—â—mbe p. 25. Broâ—…ie 26. Bryxston p. 27. Beâ—…isted p. It belongeth for temporall Iurisdiction to the countie of Hamshire but in spirituall cases it yéeldeth obedieÌ„ce to the See of Chichester whereof it is a Deâ—â—erie As for the soyle of the whole Island it is very fruitful for notwithstanding that the shore of it selfe be very full of rockes and â—…aggy cliffes yet there wanteth no plentie of cattell corne pasture medow grounde wilde foule fish fresh riuers and pleasant wooddes wherby the inhabitants may lyue in ease and welfare It was first ruled by a seuerall king and afterwarde wonne from the Britons by Vespasian the Legate at such tyme as he made a voyage into the West country In processe of tyme also it was gotten froÌ„ the Romaines by Ceadwallâ—… who killed Aruald that reigned there and reserued the souereingtie of that Isle to himselfe and his successours After Ceadwalla Woolfride the Parricide was the first Saxon Prince that aduentured into the Wight whether he was driuen by Kenwalch of the West saxons who made great warres vpon him and in the ende compelled hym to flye into this place for succours as did also king Iohn in the rebellious sturre of his Barons practised by the clargie the sayd IslaÌ„d being as then in possessioÌ„ of the Fortes as some doe write that haue handled it of purpose The first Earle of this Islande that I doe read of was one Baldwijne de Betoun who maryed for his seconde wife the daughter of William le Grosse Earle of Awmarle but he dying without issue by this Lady she was maryed y e second time to Earle Mawndeuile and thirdlye to William de Fortes who finyshed Skipton Castell which hys wyues father had begunne about the time of king Richard y e first Hereby it came to passe also y t the fortes were Erles of Awmarle Wight and Deuonshyre a long time till the Lady Elizabeth Fortes sole heire to all those possessions came to age with whoÌ„ king Edward the thirde so preuayled thorow money and fayre wordes that he gate the possession of the Wight wholly into his handes After we be past the Wight we go forwarde and come vnto Poole hauen wherein is an Isle called Brunt Keysi in which was sometime a Parishe church â—…unt â—…si and yet a chappell at this present as I here There are also two other Isles but I know not their names Wée haue after wée are passed by these another Isle Portland also vpoÌ„ the coâ—â— named Portland not farre from Waymouth a prety fertile péece through w tout woode of 10. myles in circuite now well inhabited but much better heretofore yet are there about 80. housholdes in it There is also but one stréete of houses therin the reast are dispersed howbeit they belong all to one Parishe Church whereas in time past there were two within the compasse of the same There is also a Castell of the â—…ings who is Lord of the Isle although the bishop of Winchester be patrone of the Church the personage whereof is the fairest house in al the péece The people there are excellent â—â—ingers of stones which feate they vse for the defence of their Islande and yet otherwise very couetous And wheras in tyme past they lyued onely by fishing now they fall to tillage their fire bote is brought out of the wight and other places yet do they burne much cowdung dryed in the sonne for there is I say no wood in y e Isle except a few elmes that be about the church There would some growe there no doubt if they were willing to plant it although the soyle lye very bleake
promontorie Gwifen Aberfraw and Cair Gadwaladar of all which the two latter stande as it were in a nuke betwéene the Geuenni water the Fraw whervpoÌ„ Aberfraw is scituate Within the Iland we hard only of Gefni afore meÌ„tioned of Gristial staÌ„ding vpoÌ„ y e same water of Tefri of Lanerchimedh Lachtenfarwy Bodedrin but of all these the chiefe is nowe Beaumarais which was buylded sometyme by king Edward the first and therewithall a strong Castell about the yeare 1295. to kepe that lande in quiet There are also as Leland sayth 31. Parishe churches beside 69. chappelles that is 100. in all but hereof I can say litle for lacke of iust instruction In tymes past the people of this Isle vsed not to seuerall their groundes but now they diggestony hillockes and with the stones thereof they make rude walles much lyke to those of Deuonshyre sith they want hedges fire bote and housebote or to saye at one worde timber trées As for wine it is so plentifull good cheape there most commonly as in London thorowe the great recourse of marchaunts froÌ„ France Spaine and Italy vnto the aforesayde Islande The fleshe likewyse of such Cattell as is bredde there is most delicate by reason of their excellent pasture so much was it estéemed by the Romaines in tyme past y e Collumella did not onely commende preferre them before those of Liguria but the emperours theÌ„selues also caused there prouision to be made for nete out of Anglesey to féede vppon at their owne tables as the most excellent béefe It taketh the name of Angles Eye which is to meane the Isle of Englishmen bycause they wan it in the conquerours tyme vnder the leading of Hugh Earle of Chester Hugh of Shrewesbury The WelchmeÌ„ cal it Tiremone and herein likewyse is a Promontorie or Bylande called Holly hed which hath in tyme past bene named Cair kyby â—…y head Cair â—… of Kyby a monke that dwelled in that place froÌ„ whence the readyest passage is commonly had out of Northwales to get ouer into Irelande The Britons named it Enylsnach â—…lsnach â—…y Isle or holy Isle of the number of carkases of holy men which they suppose to haue béene buryed there But herein I marueyle not a little what women had offended that they myght not come thither or at the least wyse returne from thence without some notable reproche And nowe to conclude with the description of the whole Islande this I will adde moreouer vnto hir coÌ„modities that as there are the best milstones of white redde blewe and gréene gréetes especially in Tindaithin so there is great gaines to begotten by fishing rounde about this Isle if the people there coulde vse the trade but they want both cunning and diligence to take that matter in hande And as for temporall regimeÌ„t it apparteyneth to the countye of Cairnaruon so in spirituall cases it belongeth to the Byshopricke of Bangor This is finally to be noted moreouer of Anglesey that sundry earthen pottes are often founde there of dead mens bones conuerted into ashes set with the mouthes downeward contrarie to the vse of other nations which turned the brimmes vpwardes whereof let this suffice Hauing thus descrybed Anglesey it reasteth to report furthermore how that in our circuite about the same we mette with other little Islettes of which one lyeth Northwest therof almost ouer against Butricke mouth or the fall of the water that passeth by Butricke The Britons called it Ynis Ader that is to say â—…r â—…l â—…maid the Isle of Birdes in olde time but now it hight Ynis Moil or Ynis Rhomaid that is y e Isle of Porpasses It hath to name likewise Ysterisd and Adros Being past this Ysterisd Adros Lygod we came to the second lying by North east ouer against the Hillary point called Ynis Ligod that is to say the Isle of Mise and of these two this latter is the smallest neyther of theÌ„ both beyng of anye greatnesse to speake of Ynis Seriall or Prestholme Seriall Prestholne lieth ouer against Penmon or the point called the hed of Mon where I founde a towne as I tolde you of the same denominatioÌ„ Ptolomy nameth not this Islande whereof I marueyle It is percell of Flintshyre and of the iurisdiction of S. Apsah and in fertilitie of soyle and bréede of Cattell nothing inferiour vnto Anglesey hir moother although that for quantitie of grouÌ„d it come infinitely short thereof be nothing coÌ„parable vnto it The last Island vpon y e cost of Wales hauing now left Anglesey is called Credine although it lye not properly within the compasse of my description Credine yet I will not let to touch it by the waye sith the causey thither from Denbighlande is commonly ouerflowen It is partly made an Island by the Conwey partly by the sea But to procéede when we had viewed this place we passed forth without finding any mo Isles to my remembraunce vntill we came to the Cape of Isle Brée or Hilbery poynt of Wyrale Hilbery which is an Islande at the full sea a quarter of a myle from the lande and foure fadame déepe as shippes boyes haue oft sounded but at a lowe water a man may go ouer on the sande The I le of it self is very sandy a mile in compasse well stored with Conies thither also went a sort of supersticious fooles in tymes past in pylgrimage to our Ladye of Hilbery by whose offrings a Cell of Monkes there which belonged to Chester were cherished and maintayned The next Island vppon the coast of England is man Man is supposed to be the first as His tha is the last of the Hebrides and Hector Boethus noteth a difference betwéene them of 300. miles Eubonia Meuania which the Welchmen doe commonly call Manaw It lieth vnder 53. degrées of Latitude and 30. minuts and hath in longitude 16. degrées and 40. minutes abutting on the North side vpoÌ„ S. Nimans in Scotland Furnessels on the East Prestholme Anglesey on the South and Vlsther in Ireland on the West It is greater then Anglesey by a thirde part and there are two riuers in the same whose heddes doe ioyne so néere that they doe seeme in maner to part the Isle in twaine Some of our auncient writers call it Eubonia and other Meuania howbeit after Beda and the Scottish histories the Meuaniae are those Isles which we now call the Hebrides or Hebudes whereof William Massmebery Lib. 1. de regibus will haue Anglesey to be one wherfore it séemeth that a number of our late writers ascrybing the sayde name vnto Mona haue not béene a little deceaued In this Islande were sometime 1300. families of which 960. were in the West halfe the reast in the other But nowe thorow ioyning house to house and lande to land a coÌ„mon plague canker which wil eate vp al if prouision be not made in tyme to withstande this mischiefe that number is
in Pomonia the chiefe of al the Islands wherin also are two strong castelles ☜ and such hath béen the supersticion of the people here that there is almost no one of them that hath not one church at the least dedicated to the moother of Christ Finallye there is little vse of Phisicke in these quarters lesse store of Eles and least of frogges As for y e horses that are bred amongst them they are commonlye not much greater then Asses and yet to labour and trauaile a man shall finde very fewe elsewhere able to come néere much lesse to matche with them in holding out their labours From the Orchades vntill we come southwardes to the Scarre which lyeth in Buquhamnesse I finde no mention of any Isle scituate vpon that coast neyther greatly from thence vntill we come at the forth that leadeth vp to Sterling wherein we passe by seuen or eyght such as they be of which the first called the May the seconde Baas and Garwy the third doe séeme to be inhabited From these also holding on our course towarde England we passe by another yle wherin Faux castell standeth and this so farre as my skill serueth is the last Island of the Scottish side in compassing whereof I am not able to discerne whether their flattes and shallowes number of Islandes without name confusion of scituation lacke of true descriptioÌ„ or mine owne ignoraunce hath troubled me most No marueyle therefore that I haue béene so oft on ground among them But most ioyful am I y t am come home againe although not by y e Thames mouth into my natiue citie whiche taketh his name of Troye yet into y e Englishe dominion where good entertaynement is much more franke and copious and better harborow wherein to rest my wery bones easily refreshe my wetherbeaten carkase The first Island therfore which commeth to our sight after we passed Barwuc is that which was sometime called Lindefarne Lindesfarne or holy Iland but now Holly Islande and contayneth 8. myles a place much honoured among our Monasticall writers bycause diuers monkes Heremites dyd spende theyr times therein There was also the Byshoppes Sée of Lindefarne for a long season which afterwarde was traÌ„slated to Dunelme or Durham Next vnto this is the Isle of Farne Farne and herein is a place of defence so farre as I remember so great store of Egges layed there by diuers kindes of Wildfoule in time of the yere that a man shall hardly runne for a wager on the plaine grouÌ„d without the breach of many before his race be finished Puffins About Farne also lie certayne yles greater then Farne it self but voyde of inhabitaunts in these also is great store of Puffins graie as Duckes and without couloured fethers sauing that they haue a white ring round about their neckes There is moreouer another Birde which the people call sainct Cuthbertes foules a very tame and gentle creature S. Cuthbertes foules and easie to be taken After this we came to the Cocket IslaÌ„d so called bycause it lyeth ouer agaynst the fall of cocke water And here is a vayne of meane seacole which the people digge out of the shore at the low water And from thence vntill we came vnto the cost of Norfolke I saw no mo Islands Being therefore past S. Edmonds point we saw a litle Isle ouer against the fall of the water that commeth froÌ„ Holkham and likewyse an other ouer against the Clay before we came at Waburne hope the thirde also in Yarmouth ryuer ouer agaynst Bradwell a towne in low or little England wherof also I must néedes say somewhat bycause it is in maner an Island and as I gesse eyther hath béene or may be one for the brodest place of the Strict lande that leadeth to the same it little aboue a quarter of a myle which against the raging waues of the sea can make but smal resistence Litle â—…land Litle England or low Englande therefore is about 8. miles in length and foure in bredth very well replenished with townes as Fristan Burgh castel Olton FlixtoÌ„ Lestoft Guâ—…toÌ„ Blundston Corton Lownd Asheby Hoxton Belton Bradwel Gorleston and beside this it is very fruitfull and indued with all commodities Going forwarde from hence by the Estonnesse almost an Islande I sawe a small percell cut from the maine in Orforde hauen y e Langerstone in Orwell mouth two péeces or Islettes at Cattywade Bridge theÌ„ casting about vnto y e Colne we beholde Mersey which is a pretie Islande well furnished with wood It was somtime a great receptacle for the Danes when they inuaded Englande howbeit at this present it hath beside two decaied Blockhouses two Parish churches of wich one is called East Mersey the other west Mersey both vnder the Archdeacon of Colchester as percell of his iurisdictioÌ„ Fowlâ—â— Fowlnesse is an Isle voyde of wood yet wel replenished with very good grasse for nette and shéepe whereof the inhabitaunts haue great plentie there is also a Parish church and albeit that it stande somewhat distaunt from the shore yet at a dead low water a man ryde thereto if he be skilfull of the Cawsie In Maldon water are in lyke sorte thrée Islands enuironned with the salt streames Ouscy Northâ—â— as S. Osithes Northey and another after a mershe that beareth no name so far as I remember On the right hand also as we went toward the sea againe we saw Ramsey Isle Ramsey or rather a Peninsula or Bylande Key and likewyse the Rey in which is a Chappell of S. Peter And then coasting vpoÌ„ the mouth of y e Bourne we saw y e Wallot Isle his mates wherof two lye by East of Wallot and the forth is Foulnesse excepte I be deceyued for here my memorye fayleth me on the one side and information on the other I meane coÌ„cerning y e placing of foulnesse But to procéede after this and being entered into the Thames mouth I finde no Islande of anye name except you 〈◊〉 Rochford hundred for one whereof I haue no 〈…〉 more then of Câ—â—wland Mâ—…râ—…and Ely and the reast thâ—â— are franted by the Ouze 〈◊〉 Auon two noble riuers herafter to be 〈…〉 sith I touth only those that are 〈…〉 onned with the sea or salt water as wée maye sée in the Canway Isles â—…anway 〈◊〉 sâ—…me doâ—…sken to an I poora sâ—… bâ—…g some he â—… vice 〈◊〉 or wide 〈◊〉 bycause they are very small at the â—…ast end and large at west The salte â—…es also that crosse the same doe so seperate the one of that 〈◊〉 the other that they resemble the slope course of the 〈◊〉 part of a sâ—…rew or gimlet in very parfite â—…â—…er if a man ode imagine 〈…〉 downe strain theâ—â— top of the 〈◊〉 vppon them Betwéene thâ—…se more 〈◊〉 into the Leighe towne lyeth another little Isle whose name is to me vnknowen Cetes I woulde 〈◊〉 gone to andâ—… and viewed these
long before his death wherof eche of his childreÌ„ so sone as he was enterred toke seisure and possession Howbeit after two yeres it happened that Albanact was slayne wherevpon Locrinus and Camber raysed their powers reuenged his death and finally the sayde Loctinus made an entraunce vpoÌ„ Albania seyzed it into his owne handes as excheated wholly vnto himselfe without yéelding any part therof vnto his brother Camber who made no clayme nor title vnto any portion of the same Herby then sayth Adams it euidently appeareth that the entier seigniorie ouer Albania consisted in Locrinus according to which example lykeland among brethren euer since hath continued in preferring the eldest brother to the onely benefite of the collaterall assencion from the youngest asswell in Scotlande as in England vnto this daye Ebranke the lineall heire from the bodie of this Locrine that is to say the sonne of Mempris sonne of Madan sonne of the same Locrine buylded in Albania the castle of Maydens nowe called Edenbrough and the Castle of Alcluith or Alclude now called Dunbriton as the Scottish Hector Boethius confesseth wherby it most euidently appeareth that our Ebranke was then thereof seased This Ebranke reigned in the 〈…〉 ouer theÌ„ a long time after whose death Albania as annexed to the empire of the Britaine descended to the onely king of Britons vntill the discent to the two sisters sonnes Mâ—â—gan and Conedage lineall heires from the sayde Ebranke who brotherly vpoÌ„ the first example deuided y e realme MorgaÌ„ had Lhoegrâ—â— and Conedage haâ—… Albanâ—â— but shortly after Morgan the elder brother pondeâ—â—â—g in hys hed the loue to his brother with the loue to a kingdome excluded nature gaue place to ambition and therupoÌ„ denouncing warre death miserably ended hys life as the rewarde of his vntruth wherby Conedage obtayned the whole Empire of all Britaine in which state he remayned during his naturall lyfe From him the same lineally descended to the onelye king of Britons vntill after the reigne of Gorbodian who had issue two sons Ferres and Porres This Porres requyring lyke diuision of the lande affirming the forâ—…er particions to be rather of lawe then fauour was by the handes of his elder brother both of his lyfe and hoped kingdome bereued at once whereupon their vnnaturall mother vsing hir natural malice for the deth of hir one sonne without regard of the lossing of both miserably slew the other Cloten by all writers aswell Scottishe as other was the next inheritour to the whole Empire but lacking power the only meane in those dayes to obtayne right he was contented to deuide the same among thrée of his kinsmen so that Scater had Albania But after the death this Cloten his sonne Dunnallo Mulmutius made warâ—…e vpon these thrée Kinges and at last ouercame them and so recouered the whole dominion in token of which victorie he caused himselfe to be crowned with a crowne of gold the very first that was worne among the kinges of this nation This Dunuallo erected temples wherein the people shoulde assemble for Prayer to which temples he gaue benefite of Sanctuarie he made the 〈◊〉 for wager of battaile in cases of murder and â—â—lonte whereby a théefe that lyued and made his art of â—…ighting shoulde for his purgation fight wyth the true man which he had robbed but he beléeued that the Goddes for then they supposed many would by myracle assigne victorie to the innocent partie The priuileges of which first sawe benefite of the latter aswell in Scotlande as in Englande be midyed to this day few causes by late positiue lawes among vs excepted wherein the benefite of wager of battaâ—…le is expelled â—… by which obedience to hys lawes it doth manifestly appeare that thys Dunuallo was then seased of Albania nowe called Scotland This Dunuallo reigned in thys estate ouer them many yeares Beline Brenne the sonnes of this Dunuallo dyd after theyr fathers death fauourably deuide the land betwéene them so that Beline had Logres and Brenne had Albania but for that this Brenne a subiect without the consent of his elder brother and Lord aduentured to marry with the daughter of the king of Denmarke Beline seased Albania into his owne handes and thereuppon caused the notable wayes priuileged by Dunuallons Lawes to be newly wrought by mens handes which for the length was from the furder part of Cornewall vnto the the sea by North Cathnes in Scotland for religion in those daies he coÌ„stituted ministers called Archeflamines in their functions most like the aucthoritie of Bishoppes at this daye the one of which remained at Ebranke now called Yorke and whose power exteÌ„ded to y e vttermost bondes of Albany wherby lykewyse appeareth that it was then within his dominion After his death the whole Isle was enioyed by the onlye kings of Britaine vntill the tyme of Vigenius and Perydurus lineall heires from the sayde Belyne who fauourably made particion so that Vigenius had all the land from Humber south and Perydurus from thence North all Albania This Vigenius died and Perydurus suruiued and thereby obtayned the whole from whome the same quietly discended and was by his posteritie accordingly enioyed vnto the reigne of king Coell of that name the first In hys tyme an obscure nation by most writers supposed Scithians passed by seas from Irelande and arriued in that part of Britaine called Albania against whome this Coell assembled his power and being entred Albania to expell theÌ„ one Fergus in the night disguised entered the tent of this Coell and in his bed traiterously slew him This Fergus was therefore in reward of such vertue made there King whereupon they sat downe in that part with their wiues and children and called it Scotlande and themselues Scottes from the beginning of the worlde After the Scottishe accompt foure thousande and sixe hundred and seuentéene yeares which by iust computacion and confession of all their owne wryters is sixe hundred yeares lacking tenne after that Brutus had reigned ouer y e whole Island the same land being enioyed by him and his posteritie before their comming during two and fiftie discentes of the kinges of Britaine Certes this intrusion into a land so many hundred yeares before inhabited and by so many disceÌ„ts of kings quietly enioyed is the best tytle that all their owne writers alledge for them This Fergus hereupoÌ„ immediately did deuyde Albania also amoÌ„g his Capitaines and their people whereby it most euidently appeareth that there were no people of that nation inhabiting there before in proofe wherof the same particion shall followe The landes of Cathnes lying against Orknay 〈…〉 betwéene Dummesbey and the Water of Thane was giuen vnto one Cornath a capitaine and his people The landes betwéene the Water of Thane and Nes nowe called Rosse lying in bredth from Cromart to the mouth of the water of Lochte were giuen to Lutorke another Capitaine and his people The landes betwéene Spay and Nes from the Almaine seas to the Ireland
much of Scotlande as Galloway Pentland Mers and Annandale with sundry other landes to thys Hengest and his people to inhabite which they did accordinglye But when thys Hengest in processe of tyme thirsted after the whole Kingdome he was banished and yet afterwarde beyng restored he conspired with the scottes against Aurilambrose the sonne of Constantine the iust inheritour of this whole dominion But his vntruth and theirs both were recompensed togither for hée was taken prisoner by Eldulph de Samor a noble man of Bryteyne and his heade for his traitory Some thinke the Seymors to come from this man by lineal disceÌ„t striken of at the coÌ„mandement of Aurilambros In the fielde the scottes were vanquished but Octa the sonne of Hengest was receiued to mercye to whome and his people this Aurilambrose gaue the countrye of Galloway in scotlande for which they became his Subiectes And hereby appeareth that Scotland was then againe in his handes Vter called also Pendragon brother to Aurilambros was next king of y e Britons agaynst whome these sworne Saxons newe foresworne subiectes confederate wyth the Scottes newely rebelled but by his power assembled against theÌ„ in Galloway in Scotlande they were discomfited and Albania againe recouered into his handes Arthur the sonne of this Vter begotten before the marriage but lawfully borne in matrimony succéeded next to y e crowne of great Britayne whose noble actes though manye vulgare fables haue rather steigned then commended yet al the scottish writers confesse that he subdued great Britayne made it tributary to him ouercame the Saxons then scattered as farre as Cathenes in scotland and in all these warres against them he had the seruice and obeysance of scottes and Pictes But at the last settyng their féete in the guilfull paths of their predecessours they rebelled besieged the city of Yorke Howel king of the lesse Britayne cosin to king Arthur being therin But he with an hoste came thither and dyscomfited the Scottes chased them into a marshe and besieged them there so loÌ„g that they were almost famished vntyll the bishoppes Abbotes and men of religion for as much as they were christened people besought hym to take theÌ„ to his mercy and grace and to graunt them a portion of the same countrey to dwell in vnder euerlasting subiection Vppon this he tooke them to hys grace homage and fealtle and when they were sworne hys subiectes and liegemeÌ„ he ordeyned his kinsmaÌ„ Anguisan to be their king gouernor Vrian king of IslaÌ„d MurefreÌ„ce king of Orkney He made an Archbishoppe of Yorke also whose authoritie extended through all Scotland Finally the said kyng Arthur holding his royall feast at Cairleon had there all y e kings that were subiectes vnto hym among the which Angusian the sayd king of Scots did his due seruice for the realme of Scotlande and bare kyng Arthurs sworde afore hym Malgo shortly after succéeded in the whole kingdoÌ„ of great Britaine who vpon new resistaunce newly subdued Ireland Islande the Orchads Norway Denmarke made Ethelfrede a Saxon king of Bernicia that is Northumberland Louthian and much other land of Scotland which Ethelfrede by the sword obteyned at the handes of the wilfull inhabitantes and continued true subiect to this Malgo. Cadwan succéeded in the kingdom of great Britayne who in defence of his subiectes the scottes made warre vppon this Ethelfrede but at the last they agréed and Cadwan vpoÌ„ their rebellion gaue all Scotland vnto this Ethelfrede which he therupon subdued and enioyed but afterward in the raigne of Cadwallo that next succéeded in great Britaine he rebelled whereupon the same Cadwallo came into Scotland and vpon his treason reseized the country into his owne handes and hauyng with hym all the Viceroyes of SaxoÌ„s which then inhabited here as hys subiectes in singuler battaile slew the same Ethelfrede Oswald was shortly after by CadwalloÌ„s gift made kyng of Bernicia and he as subiect to Cadwallo and by his commaundemeÌ„t discomfited the Scottes and Pictes and subdued all Scotland Oswy the brother of thys Oswald was by the lyke gift of Cadwallo made next kyng of Bernicia and he by lyke commaundement newely subdued the scots and Pictes and held them in that obeysaunce to this Cadwallo during xxviij yeres Thus Cadwallo reigned in the whole monarchy of great Britayne hauing all the vij kynges therof as well SaxoÌ„s as others his subiects for albeit the number of Saxons from tyme to tyme greatly increased yet were they alwayes either at the first expelled or els made tributary to the onely kinges of Britons for the tyme being as all their owne writers confesse Cadwallader was next kyng of the whole great Britayne he raigned xij yeres ouer al the kinges thereof in great peace and tranquillitie then vpon the lamentable death of hys subiectes which dyed of sundry diseases innumerably he departed into litle Britaine His sonne and cosin Iuor and Iue being expulsed out of england also by the Saxones went into Wales where among the BritoÌ„s they and their posteritie remayned Princes Vpon this great alteracion warres being through the whole dominion betwene Britons and Saxons the Scottes thought tyme to slip the coller of obedience and thereupon entred in league with Charles then kyng of Fraunce establishing it in this wyse 1. The iniury of Englishmen done to any of these people shall be perpetually holden common to both 2. When Frenchmen be inuaded by Englishmen the Scottes shall send their army in defence of Fraunce so that they be supported with mony and victuals of Fraunce 3. When Scottes be inuaded by Englishmen the Frenchmen shall come vpon theyr owne expences to their support 4. None of these people shall take peace or truce with Englishmen without the aduise of other c. Many disputable opinions may be had of warre without the praysing of it Nicâ—â— Adaâ—… as onely admittible by inforced necessitie and to bée vsed for peace sake onely where here y e Scots sought warre for the loue of warre only For their league giueth no benefite to theÌ„selues either in frée trafique of their owne commodities or benefite of the French or other priuiledge to the people of both what discoÌ„moditie riseth by loosing the entercourse and exchaÌ„ge of our coÌ„modities being in necessaries more aboundant then Fraunce y e scots féele and we perfectly know What ruine of theyr townes destruction of countries slaughter of both peoples haue by reason of this bloudy league chaunced the histories be lamentable to reade horrible among christian men to be remembred but God gaue the increase accordyng to their séede for as they did hereby sowe dissention so did they shortly after reape a bloudy slaughter For Alpine theyr kyng possessing a light mynde that would be lost with a little wynde hoped by this league shortly to subdue all great Britayne and to that ende not onely rebelled in his own kingdome but also vsurped vpon the kingdome of Pictes wherupon Edwine king of england made one
course incloseth thrée partes of Carew castell The other rysing neare to Coit Rath forrest is a freshe and going by Geffraiston Creswel and Lawrenny it leaueth the Sparek on the south side and â—…eth into the hauen after confluence with the former Nowe come I to the two swordes afore-mencioned whose courses I finde described â–ª in this order â—…hey The Clothâ—… ryseth at the foote of Wrenny vaur hill and comming downe to Monachlodge Langelman Lannabeden and Egremond it receyueth a ryll from by northwest before it come at Laâ—…haddon castell Eare long also it taketh in another on the east side from Narbarth castell by Râ—…beston then going by Gsaston Sleâ—… Pictâ—â— castell at Rise castell poynt west of Coit â—…eales as I haue béene informed it méeteth with the other sworde Dugledy named Dugledy wherof I reade as followeth The hed of the Dugledy is somewhere at northwest betwéene S. Laurences and S. Dugwelâ—… from whence it ruÌ„neth to Trauegarne Redbaxton and taking in a rill by the waye from Camensâ—… at the west it goeth to Haâ—â—rford west and there vniteth it selfe with a water which peraduenture is the same that LelaÌ„d called Gwyly Certes it riseth about 〈◊〉 Gwyly and comming by S. Kâ—… 〈◊〉 chappel and Pâ—…deâ—…g oft it falleth I say into the Duâ—…lâ—…dy ouer against the towne of Hauer forde or Herforde weâ—…k but iâ—… Weaâ—… Huâ—…fordeâ—… Lhoied dothe set it 〈…〉 it taketh 〈◊〉 other to 〈◊〉 from southwest whose head is short of S. Margarattes chappell and 〈…〉 betwéen Hart aldstone and Herforde which Harraldstone 〈◊〉 the name of Harraldâ—… the successour of Edwarde the 〈…〉 him who was a grieuous â—…all vnto theâ—… Britons that conâ—…ned in the time of sayde Edwards 〈◊〉 I haue no 〈◊〉 alreadie Cultâ—â— TheÌ„ Cultâ—â— coÌ„meth into the Duwleâ—… beneath Boâ—…shoff with 〈◊〉 course from by North of thereof foure myles after whose vnitiâ—…â—…ith the aforesayde watyer they ruine on as one till they mette with Elothy casting out by the waye sundry salt créekes as the ruine 〈◊〉 doth from thenceforth vntill it passe the Sâ—â—dy haue the Wale roâ—…e which ther a silly fresh 〈◊〉 of small value and become about agayne 〈◊〉 the large 〈◊〉 aâ—…e Hauing thus shew the courses of those â—â—fresh waters that come to Milford doeth we â—…ast about by the blackehouse 〈◊〉 S. Aâ—…es chappell to Gatehole Isle Gateholme Isle Stockeholme Isle than 〈…〉 and the Wilâ—â— keâ—… point 〈…〉 against Stockeholme Island that is scituate fardeâ—… of worthy 〈◊〉 towarde the 〈…〉 full 〈◊〉 great as the 〈◊〉 y e I before 〈◊〉 further Betwéene the Willâ—… 〈…〉 still great as the Greâ—â—holme The Gresholme lyeth 〈…〉 Midlande Isle Gresholme whence if you sayle thyther on the south sside 〈…〉 past by the new 〈…〉 the â—…aith of Scalmeâ—… you must league the Yarlande Foxe on your lefthead Whervnto 〈◊〉 well therfor 〈◊〉 eftsoones Islande already nameâ—… any conferre them with the 〈◊〉 and S. Dauids land you shall finde them 〈…〉 it were 〈…〉 includyng the Bred 〈◊〉 wherein notwithstanding the greatnesse are 1000. perilles and no freshe Brookes for me to deale withall Thus hauing doubled the Willocke point we entred yet into the Baie to sée what Isles were there against the nexte publication of thys booke if it maye please God to graunt mée lyfe to sée it printed once againe eyther by it selfe or otherwise S. Brides Islande First of all therefore I sawe S. Brides Islande a very little patche of grounde néere the lande before I came at Galtroy rode From thence we went aboute by the little hauen Dolnach Hauen Caruay Hauen Shirelace rocke Carnbuddy and Carnay Bayes Portâ—â—aiâ—… and so into the sounde betwéene Ramsey and the point In thys sound lykewise is a litle Isle almost annexed to the maine but in the middest thereof is a rocke called the horse a myle and more by north of Ribby rocke that lyeth south east of Ramsey and more infortunate then tenne of Seianes coltes but thanked be God I neuer came on his back TheÌ„ce passing by S Stephens baie A sorte of dangerous rockes lying on a row vpon the west ende of southwals called the bishop and his clarkes and Whitesande baie we saluted the Bishop and his Clarkes as they went in Procession on oure left syde beyng lothe to take any salted holy water at their hands and came at last to the point called S. Dauids head From whence we coasted along toward the southeast till wée came ouer against S. Catherins where goyng northwardes by the brâ—…ade hauen and the Strombles heade we sayled thence northeast and by north to Langlas head then â—â—at south by the Cow and calfe two cruell rockes which we left on the 〈◊〉 hande and so costed ouer as Abergwin or Fiscarde where we founde a freshe water named Gwin Gwerne or Gwernel whose course is in manner directly out of the east into the West vntill it come within a myle of the aforesayde Towne It ryseth flat north of the periâ—â—â—y hill from whence it goeth by Pont vain Lauerellidoch Lanchar Laâ—â—ilouair and so to Abergwine or Abergwerne for I doe read both FroÌ„ Abergwin we cast about by Dyuas heade till we come to the fall of Neuerne Neuerne where Newport standeth The head of thys ryuer is aboue Capell Nauigwyn from whence it runneth by Whitchurch but care it come at Kylgwin it taketh in a little water that ryseth short of Wreny vaur thence go foorth as one vntill they come to Newport Cardigan hauen is the next fall that I dyd stumble on wherein lyeth a little Islande ouer against the north point Teify or Tiue Hereinto also commeth the Teify whereof I haue spoken somewhat in my former treatise but sith it sufficeth not for the for the full knowledge of the course of thys streame I wyll supply the want euen here in such order as insueth The Teify or Tiue ryseth in Lintiue as is aforesayde and after it hath runne from thence a little space it receyueth a brooke froÌ„ southeast that commeth out of Lin Legnant and then after the confluence runneth on to Stradfleur Abbaie beneath which it méeteth with the Myricke water that ryseth aboue Stradmyrich and soone after with the Landurch 〈…〉 both from the northwest and finally the Bromis aboue Tregaron that commeth in by the east as Leland hath set down 〈◊〉 Néere to Landwybreuy also it crosseth the Brennige by east then goeth to Landuair 〈◊〉 Cledoghe Kellan soone after taking in the Matherne from by East that parteth Cardigan partely from Carmardine shire 〈◊〉 and likewise y e Dulas aboue Lanbedder 〈…〉 which ryseth aboue Langybby and goeth thence to Bettus on the northwest it goeth next of all to Lanbedder towne then to Laâ—…ydair beneath which it crosseth the Grauelth thence to PeÌ„carocke Lanibether Lanlloyny Graâ—… Lanyhangle and Landissel and there it vniteth it selfe with the Clethor which coÌ„meth down thither by Lantisilued chappell Lanframe dethâ—… and finaly
whose names I wyl also set downe here with those also of their founders to the ende the zeale which they bare vnto learning may apeare and their remembraunce neuer perish from among the wyse and learned Of the Colledges in Cambridge Yeares of the foundations Colledges Founders 1546. 1 Trinity Colledge K. Henry 8. 1441. 2 The Kinges Colledge K. Henry 6. Edward 4. Henry 7. and Henry 8 1511. 3 S. Iohns L. Margaret grandmother to Henry 8. 1505. 4 Christes Colledge K. Henry 6. and the L. Margaret aforesaide 1446. 5 The Queens Colledge L. Margaret wife to K. Henry 6. 1496. 6 Iesus Colledge Iohn Alcocke Byshop of Ely 1342. 7 Bennet Colledge The Brethren of a Popish guild called Corporis Christ 1343. 8 Pembroke hall Maria de Valentia Countesse of Pembroke 1256. 9 Peter Colledge Hugh Balsham Byshop of Ely 1348. 10 Gundeuill and Caius Colledge Edmund Gundeuill Parson of Terrington and Iohn Caius D. of Phisicke 1557. 1354. 11 Trinity hall William Bateman Byshop of Norwiche 1326. 12 Clare hall Richarde Badow Chauncelour of Cambridge 1459. 13 Catherin hall Robert woodlarke D. of Diuinity 1519. 14 Magdalen Colledge Edward Duke of BuckinghaÌ„ Thomas Lord Awdley Of Colledges in Oxforde Yeres Colledges Founders 1539. 1 Christes Church King Henry 8. 1459. 2 Magdalen Colledge William wainflet B. of winchester 1375. 3 New colledge William wickham B. of winchester 1276. 4 Merton Colledge Walter Merton B. of Rochester 1437. 5 All soules Colledge Henry Chicheley Archbishop of Caunterbury 1516 6 Corpus christi Colledge Richarde foxe Bishop of Winchester 1430. 7 Lincolne Colledge Richarde Fleming B. of Lincolne 1323. 8 Auriell Colledge Adam Browne almoner to Edward 2. 1340. 9 The Queenes Colledge R. Eglesfeld chaplen to Philip Queene of England wife to Ed. 3. 1263. 10 Balioll Colledge Iohn Ballioll King of Scotland 1557. 11 S. Iohns Sir Thomas white Knight 1556. 12 Trinity Colledge Sir Thomas Pope Knight 1316. 13 Excester Colledge Walter Stapleton Bishop of Excester 1513 14 Brasen nose William Smith Bishop of Lincolne 873. 15 Vniuersity Colledge William Archdeacon of Duresme  16 Glocester Colledge   17 S. Mary Colledge   18 Iesus Colledge nowe in hande  There are also in Oxforde certayne Hostelles or Halles which may rightwel be called b the names of Colledges if it were not that there is more lyberty in those then is to be séene in the other In myne opinion the Studentes of these are verye lyke to those that are of the Innes of the chauncery Brodegates Hart hall Magdalen hall Alburne hall Postminster hall S. Mary hall White hall New Inne Edmond hall Besides which there is mention recorde of diuers other Halles or hostelles that haue béene ther in times past as Béefe hal MuttoÌ„ hal c. whose ruines yet appeare so that if antiquitie be to be iudged by y e shew of auncient buyldinges which is very plentifull in Oxforde to be séene it shoulde be an easie matter to conclude that Oxford is the elder Vniuersitye Therein are also manye dwelling houses of stone yet standing Erection of Colleges in Oxforde the ouerthrowe of Halles that haue béene Halles for students of verye antique workemanship beside the olde walles of sundrie other whose plots haue béene conuerted into gardens sithence Colledges were erected In London also the houses of studentes at the Common law are these Sergeaunts Inne Graâ—…es Inne The Temple Lincolnes Inne Dauids Inne Staple Inne Furniualles Inne Clyffordes Inne Clements Inne Lions Inne Barnardes Inne New Inne Of Cities and townes within the realme of Englande Cap. 7. AS in olde time we read that there were 28. 26. Cities in Englande flamines and Archflamines in the south part of this Isle and so many great cities vnder their iurisdiction so in these our dayes there is but one or two fewer eache of them also vnder the Ecclesiasticall regiment of some one Bishop or Archbishop who in spirituall cases haue the charge and ouersight of y e same So many cities therefore are there in Englande and Wales as there be Bishoprijcks and Archbishoprijcks for notwithstanding that Lichfielde and Couentry and Bathe and Welles doe séeme to extend the aforesayde number vnto nyne and twentie yet neyther of these coples are to be accompted but as one intier citie and Sie of the bishop sith one Bishoprijcke can haue relation but vnto one Sie and the sayd Sie be scituate but in one place after which the bishop doth take his name It apeareth by our olde and auncient hystories that the cities of thys southerly portion haue béene of excéeding greatnesse and beautie whereof some were buylded in the time of the SamotheaÌ„s and of which not a few in these our times are quite decayed the places where they stoode worne out of al remembrance Such also for the most part as yet remayne are meruaylously altered insomuch that whereas at the first they were large ample nowe are they come eyther vnto a very fewe houses or appeare not to be much greater in comparison then poore and simple villages Sitomagâ—… â–ª Nouioâ—…gus Neomaâ—… Niomaâ—… Antoninus the most diligent writer of the thorow fares of Brytaine noteth among other these auncient townes following as Sitomagus which he placeth in the way froÌ„ Norwitch as Lelande supposeth wherein they went by Colchester to London Nouiomagus that lyeth betwéene Carleill and Cantorbury within tenne myles east of London and likewyse Neomagus and Niomagus which take their names of their first fouÌ„der Magus the sonne of Samothes and second king of the Celtes that reigned in this Islande Of these moreouer Sir Thomas Eliot supposeth Neomagus to haue stood somewhere about Chester and George Lilly in his booke of the names of auncient places iudgeth Niomagus to be the verye same that we doe nowe call Buckingham And as these sundry other nowe perished tooke theyr denomination of thys prince so their are dyuers causes which mooue me to coniecture that Salisbury it self doth rather take the first name Sarron the sonne of the sayde Magus then of Caesar Salisâ—…ry of Sâ—…ron Caradoc or Seuerus as some of our writers doe imagine But sith coniecturs are no verities mine opinion is but one mans iudgement Sarâ—…um Sarâ—…bury I will not stande now vpon the proofe of this matter least I shoulde séeme to take great paines in adding new coniectures vnto olde in such wyse to deteyne the heades of my readers about these trifles that otherwyse peraduenture woulde be farre better occupyed To procéede therfore as soone after the first inhabitation of this Islande our Cities began no doubt to be buylded and increased so they ceased not to multiplye from tyme to tyme till the lande was thorowly furnished with hir conuenient numbers whereof some at this present with their auncient names doe still remaine in knowledge though dyuers be doubted of many moe peryshed by continuance of time and vyolence of the enemie I doubt not also but the least of
Gallia as Auentinus witnesseth by Tyberius and Claudins the Emperours Anna. Boâ—…orum â–ª lib. 22. and lastly abolished heere in Britayne by report of Caius when the gosspel of Christ by the preaching of Fugatius and Damianus was receyued among the Britons De ant Cant. cent vnder Lucius king of Britayne about the yeare of our sauiour 179. Bardus Nonnius Marcel Strabo Diodo Sicul. lib 6. Carol Stepha in dict hist Eale Iohn Prise The profession and vsages of these Bardi by Nonnins Strabo Diodorus Stephanus Bale and sir Iohn Prise are in effecte reported after this sort They did vse to record the noble exploites of the auncient capitaines and to drawe the pedigrees genealogies of suche as were liuing They woulde frame pleasaunt dities and songs learne the same by hart and sing them to instruments at solemne feastes and assemblies of noble men and gentlemen and were therfore hadde in so high estimation that if two hostes had bin redy raunged to ioyne in battayle and that any of theÌ„ had fortuned to enter among them both the hostes as wel the enimie as the frends would haue holden their handes giuen eare vnto them and ceassed from fight vntill these Bardes had bene departed out of the battayle Of the Bardes the Poet Lucan writeth these verses Lucan lib. 1. Vos quoque qui fortes animas belloque peremptas Laudibus in longum vates dimittitis aenum Plurima securi fudistis carmina Bardi Whiche are englished thus And you o Poet Bardes from danger voyde that dities sounde H. F. Of soules of dreadlesse men whoÌ„ rage of battaile would confounde And make their lasting praise to time of laterage redounde Bycause the names of these Poets were neyther discrepant from the ciuilitie of the Romans nor repugnant to the religion of the Christians they of all the other sectes before specified were suffred only to continue vnabolished in all ages in somuch that there flourished of them among the Britains Iohn Bale script Britan. cent â—… Io. Prise defâ—… hist Brit. Câ—…ius de ant Cant. lib. 1. Io Leland syllab an t dict Hum. Lluyd de Mona insula according to Bale before the birth of Christe Plenidius and Oronius after Christ as Prise recounteth Salestine the two Merlins Melkin Glaskirion and others and of late dayes among the Welchmen Dauid Die Iollo Gough Dauid ap William with an infinite number more and in Wales there are sundrye of them as Caius reporteth remayning vnto this day where they are in their language called as Leland writeth Barthes Also by the witnes of Humfrey Llhuyd there is an Iland neer vnto Wales called Insula Bardorum and Bardsey wherof the one name in Latine and the other in Saxon or olde English signifieth the Ilande of the Bardes or Barthes The ende of the Celtes gouernement in this Isle Bale AFter Bardus the Celtes as Bale sayth loathing the straite ordinances of their auncient kings and betaking themselues to pleasure and idelnesse were in short tyme and with small labour broughte vnder the subiection of the Giaunt Albion the sonne of Neptune who altering the state of things here in this yland straited y e name of Celtica and the Celtes within the boundes of Gallia from whence they came first to inhabite this land vnder the conduct of Samothes as before ye haue hearde Aâ—… accordingly as 〈◊〉 hath gathered out of Berolus y e Chaldean who therin agreeth also with the Scripture the saying of Theophilus the Doctor and the generall coÌ„sente of all writers whiche fully agree Theophâ—… that the firste inhabitantes of this Isle came out of the parties of Gallia although some of them disagree of the tyme and maner of their comming Sir Brian Tuke Sir Brian Tuke thinking it to be meant of the arriuall of Brute when he came out of those countreys into this I le Cesar and Tacitus seeme to be of opinion that those Celtes which first inhabited here Caâ—…sar Tacitus Bodinus came ouer to view y e couÌ„try for trade of merchandise Bodinus wold haue them to come in a gods name from LaÌ„guedoc and so to name this land Albion of a citie in LaÌ„guedoc named Alby Beda and likewise Polidore who foloweth him affirme that they came from the coasts of Armorica Beda Polydâ—… whiche is nowe called little Britayn But as the authorities afore recited are sufficient to proue the tyme so that this Iland was first inhabited by the Celtes the olde possessours of Gallia not only the neerenesse of the regions but also the congruence of the languages two great argumentes of originals do fully confirme the same Bodinus writeth vpon report Bodinus that the Britishe and Celtike language was all one but whether that be true or not I am not able to affirme bicause the Celtike toung is long sithence growne wholly out of vse But yet some suchâ—… Celtike words as remayn in the writings of old authors may be perceiued to agree with y e Welch tong being the incorrupted speech of the auncient Brytons In deed Pausanias the Greeke Pausaniaâ—… maketh mention how the Celtes in their language called a horse marc and by y e name do the Welch men call a horse vnto this daye and the worde trimare in Pansani as signifyeth in the Celtike toung three horses Thus it appeareth by authortie of writers by situation of place and by affinitie of language that this yland was first found and inhabiteed by the Celtes that their name from Samothes to Albion continued heere the space of 310. yeres or therabouts And finally it is likely Iohn Bale that aswel the progenie as the speeche of them is partely remaining in thys Isle among the inhabitantes and specially the Britishe euen vnto this daye But nowe to oure purpose of Albion his comming into this Isle Albion This Albion being put by his father in possession of this Isle of Britayne within shorte tyme subdued the Samothians the firste inhabitauntes therof without fynding any great resistance for that as before ye haue hearde they had giuen ouer the practise of all warlyke and other paynfull exercises and through vse of effeminate pleasures wherevnto they hadde giuen themselues ouer they were become nowe vnapt to withstande the force of their enimies and so by the testimonie of Nicholaus Perottus Nichol. Perottus Ringamanus â—…hilesius Aristotle Hum. Lloyd Rigmanus Philesius Aristotle Humfrey Llhuyd with diuers other both forraine and home wryters this Ilande was first called by the name of Albion hauing at one tyme bothe the name and inhabitauntes chaunged from the line of Iaphet vnto the accursed race of Cham. This Albion that thus chaunged the name of this Isle and his companie are called Gyants which signifieth none other thaÌ„ a tall kind of men of that vncorrupte stature and highnesse naturally incident to the first age whiche Berosus also seemeth to allow Berosus where he writeth that Noe was one of the
coÌ„myng Where after that they had fought a long tyme with singular manhoode on bothe parties finally the Troyans oppressed with multitude of their aduersaries being thirtie tymes as manye more as the Troyans were constrained to retyre into their campe within the which the Gaules kepte them as besieged lodging rounde about them and purposing by famine to compell them to yelde themselues vnto their mercie But Corineus taking counsell with Brute deuised to departe in the darke of the night foorth of the campe and to lodge himselfe wyth three thousand chosen souldiours secretly in a woodde and there to remayne in couert tyll in the morning that Brute shoulde come foorth and giue a a charge vppon the enimies wherewith Corineus should breake forth and assayle the Gaules on the backes This policie was putte in practise and tooke such effect as the deuysers themselues wished for the Gaules being sharply assailed on the front by Brute and his companie wer now by the sodain comming of Corineus who set vpon them behinde on their backes brought into such a feare that incontinentely they tooke them to flighte whome the Troyans egrely pursued making no small slaughter of them as they might ouertake them In this battaile Brute lost many of his men and amongst other one of his nephues named Turinus after he had shewed maruellous proofe of his great manhoode Of hym as some haue written the foresayd citie of Tours tooke the name and was called Turonium bycause the sayd Turinus was there buried Althoughe Andrew Theuet affirmeth the contrarie Theuet and maynteyneth that one Taurus the nephewe of Hanniball was the firste that closed it about wyth a pale of woodde as the maner in those days was of fencing their towns in the yeare of the world 3374. 3374. and before the birth of our Sauioure .197 But yet by Theuets leaue Brute and his companie myghte fyrst buylde the same towne and Taurus peraduenture might after fence it about with a pale at that supposed time wheÌ„ his vncle Hanibal came foorth of Spayn to passe through Gallia into Italy But to speake what I thinke I beleeue Theuet is as little able to proue his Taurus to be the first that enclosed it as other are to proue that it tooke the name of Turinus his buryall there But now to our matter concerning Brute who after he had obteined so famous a victorie albeit there was good cause for him to reioyce yet it sore troubled him to consider that his numbers dayly decayed and his enimies still encreased and grew stronger Brute in doubt vvhat to do whervpon resting doubtfull what to doe whether to proceede agaynste the Gaulles or to returne to his shippes â–ª and to seke the yle that was appoynted to him by oracle at leÌ„gth he chose the surest way and best as he toke it and as it proued for whylest yet the more parte of his armie was lefte alyue and that the name of the victorie remayned on his side hee drewe to his nauie and lading his shippes with exceding greate store of riches whiche his people had got abrode in the countrey he tooke the seas agayne Brute vvith his remnant of Troians arriue in this Isle An. muÌ„di 2850. And after a few dayes sayling they landed at the hauen whiche is now called Totnesse the yeare of the worlde .2850 after the destruction of Troy .66 after the deliueraÌ„ce of the Israelites from the Captiuitie of Babylon .397 almost ended in the .18 yeare of the reigne of Tyneas king of Babylon .13 of Melanthus king of Athenes before the buylding of Rome .368 whiche was before the natiuitie of our sauior Christ 1116 1116. almost ended and before the reigne of Alexander the great .783 This computation haue I set down acording to the Chronologie of William Harison not yet published VVilliam Harison whose accompte as he hath gathered it I haue folowed for the more parte as well in the historie of Scotland as here in this historie of England especially til I come vnto the time that the Saxons settled themselues here the rather bycause I am persuaded y t he hath bin verie diligent in serching out the true computation of yeres in reforming the same according to y e best authorities as I truste to the learned reader it may appeare And if there be any errour therein I doubt not but some suche learned Gentleman as hath spent some studie about the searche of the first peopling of this land will for the benefite of his countrey in tyme conueniente reforme that which is amisse and publishe to the worlde that whiche may better satisfie the learned and there all doubtes as well in the accompt of the time of Brutes comming hither as in all other circumstances of the whole Brytishe historie But nowe to proceede When soeuer Brute entred this lande immediatly after his arriuall as writers doe recorde he searched the countrey from side to side and euen from the one ende to the other finding it in moste places right â—…le and plentuâ—â—s of woodde and grasse and 〈◊〉 of pleasant springs and faire ryuers For this valiant deede and other the lyke seruice firste and laste atchieued Brute gaue vnto Corineus the whole countrey of Cornwall To be briefe After that Brute had destroyed suche as stoode agaynste him and brought suche people vnder his subiection as he found in the Isle and searched the land from the one end to the other He was desirous to buyld a citie y t the same might be the regal seat of his empire or kingdom Whervpon he chose foorth a plot of ground lying on the north syde of the riuer of Thames which by good consideration seemed to be most pleasant conuenient for any great multitude of inhabitants aswel for holsomnesse of aire goodnesse of soyle plentie of wooddes commoditie of the riuer seruing as wel to bring in as to carrie foorth all kindes of merchandise and things necessarie for gayne store and vse of them that there shuld inhabit The citie of Trinouant afâ—…er called LoÌ„don buylded See more hereof in the description Here therfore he began to buyld and lay the foundation of a citie in the tenth or as other thinke in the seconde yeare after his arriuall which he nameth saith Gal. Mon. Troy nouant or as Hum. Libuyd sayth Troyne with that is new Troy in remembrance of that noble citie of Troy from wheÌ„ce he and his people were for the more part descended When Brutus had buylded this citie and brought the Iland fully vnder his subiection he then by the aduise of his nobles commaunded this Ile whiche before hyghte Albion to bee called Britayne and the inhabitauntes Britons after his name for a perpetuall memorie that he was the first bringer of them into the lande Brute had three sonnes In this meane whyle also he had by his wyfe .iij. sonnes of which the firste was named Locrinus or Locrine the second Cambris or Camber and the third
by fighting one battaile or two Greatest force and constancie alwayes remayneth with those that seeke to deliuer themselues from miserie Now appeared it that the Goddes had taken some pitie of the poore Brytayns who by their diuine power did withhold the chief captain of the Romaines with his army as it were banished in an other Ilande Let vs theÌ„ sayd they take the oportunitie of time and good occasion offred and forthwith proceede in our businesse 〈◊〉 to be neglected for lesse daunger it is manfully to aduenture and to goe forwarde with our purpose than to be bewrayed and taken in these oure consultations Thus hauing taken aduice togither and wholy mislyking their present state they determined to take weapon in hande and so by force to seeke for reformation They were verily occasioned thereto through many euil partes practised by y e Romains greatly to their griefes and displeasures Cor. 〈◊〉 For whereas Prasutagus 〈◊〉 supposed by Hector Boetius to bee Aruiragus K. of the people called Iceni The 〈◊〉 and â—…cesterâ—…iâ—… men had made the Emperor and two of his owne daughters his heyres supposing by that mean to haue his kingdome family preserued froÌ„ al iniury it happened quite contrarie to that his expectation For his kingdom was spoyled by the Romain captaines Voadicia 〈…〉 his wife named Voadicia beaten by the souldiers his daughters rauished the Peeres of the realme bereft of their goods and the kings friends made and reputed as bond slaues There was also an other great cause that styrred the Brytains to this rebellion Dion Casâ—… which was the coÌ„fiscating of their goods for where as Claudius himselfe had pardoned the chiefest persons of the forfeytures Decianus Catus the Procurator of that I le mainteyned that the same ought to be renued againe To this an other griefe was added 〈◊〉 that where Seneca had lent to the nobilitie of y e Ile foure C. Sestertium ech huÌ„dred being .500000 lb sterling or there about vpon great interest he required the whole summe togither by great rigor violence although he forced them at the first to take thys money to vsurie Also such old souldiers as were placed by way of a colonie to inhabite the towne of Camulodunum expelled many of the Brytains out of their houses droue them out of theyr possessions and landes and accounted the Brytaynes as slaues and as though they had beene their captiue prisoners or bondmen Beside this the temple there which was built in honor of Claudius as an aulter of eternal rule gouernment was serued with priests the which vnder color of religioÌ„ did spoile consume and deuour the goods of all men Moreouer such strange sightes and wonders as chanced about the same time pricked the Britains the rather forwarde For the Image of the Goddesse Victoria in the temple at CamulodunuÌ„ slipping downe turned hir backe as who shoulde say shee gaue place as vanquished to the enimyes Dion Casâ—… Also in the Hall where the Courtes of Iustice were kept there was a marueylous greate noyse hearde â—…e woâ—…â—… with muche laughing and a sturre in the Theatre with great weeping and lamentable howling at suche tyme as it was certenly knowne that there was no creature there to make any such noyse 〈◊〉 Cassius The Sea at a Spring Tyde appeared of a bloudie colour and when the Tyde was gone backe there were seene on the Sandes the shapes and figures of mens bodies Women also as rauished of theyr wittes and beeing as it were in a furye prophecied that destruction was at hande so that the Brytaynes were put greatly in hope and the Romaines in feare 〈◊〉 But those things whether they chaunced by the crafte of man or illusion of the Diuell or whether they proceeded of some naturall cause the which the common sort of people oftentymes taketh superstitiously in place of vnkouth maruails signifying things to followe we woulde let passe least wee might bee thought to offende religion the which teaching all things to bee done by the prouidence of God despiseth the vaine foreshewings of happes to come if the order of an hystory sayth Polidore Vergill woulde so permit the whiche requyreth all things to bee wrytten in maner as they fall foorth and come to passe 〈◊〉 Tac. li. 15. â—…dicia by 〈◊〉 Cassius â—…lled Bunâ—… But the Brytaynes were chiefely mooued to Rebellion by the iuste complaynte of Voadicia declaryng howe vnseemely shee had beene vsed and intreated at the handes of the Romains and bycause that shee was moste earnestlye bent to seeke reuenge of theyr iniuryes The auncient Brytaines admitted as well women as meÌ„ in publike gouernment and hated the Romaine name moste of all other they chose hir to bee Captayne for they in rule and gouernment made no difference then of sexe whether they committed the saiue to man or woman and so by a generall conspiracie the more parte of the people hauing also allured the Essex men vnto Rebellion rose and assembled themselues togyther to make warres agaynst the Romaines There were of them a hundred and 〈◊〉 thousande gotte togither in one armie vnder the leading of the sayde Voadicia or Bâ—…aduâ—…a as some name hir She therefore to encourage hir people agaynst the enimyes mounted vp into an high place raysed vp of turfe and soddes made for the noâ—…s out of the which she made a long and verie pithie Oration The Oration 〈◊〉 Voaditia I Doe suppose my louers and friendes that there is no man here but doth well vnderstande howe much libertie and freedome is to bee preferred before thraldome and bondage But if there haue bene any of you so deceyued with the Romaine perswasions that that ye did not for a time see a difference betweene them and iudge whether of both is most to be desired Nowe I hope that hauing tried what it is to be vnder both ye wil with me reforme your iudgement and by the harmes alreadie taken acknowledge your ouersight forsake your former error Againe in that a number of you haue rashly preferred an external soueraintie before the customes and lawes of your own couÌ„try you do at this time I doubt not perfitly vndeâ—…estande how much free pouertie is to be preferred before great riches wherevnto seruitude is annexed much wealth in respect of captiuitie vnder forraine magistrates wherevpon slauerie attendeth For what thing I besech you can there be so vile grieuous vnto the nature of man that hath not happened vnto vs sithence the time that the Romains haue bin acquainted with this Iland are we not all in maner bereued of our riches and possessions Doe not we beside other things that we giue and the land that we till for their onely profite pay them all kindes of tribute yea for our owne carkasses how much better is it to be once aloft and fortunate in deed than vnder the forged and false title of libertie continually 〈◊〉 to pay for our redemption
were put to flight the victorie remayning with the Scottish men albeit not without great bloudshed on eyther part as the Scottish hystorie sayth A peace concluded At length a necessarie peace was agreed vpon betwixt both parties the conditions whereof were these that aswell Scottish men as Spaniards should liue after their owne lawes and neither of them to inuade other Gathelus ministred iustice Gathelus hauing peace thus with his neighbors sate vpon his Marble stone in Brigantia where he gaue lawes and ministred iustice vnto his people thereby to mainteyne them in wealth and quietnesse A description of the seate This stone was in fashion like a seate or Chayre hauing such a fatall destinie as the Scottes say following it that wheresoeuer it should be founde there shoulde the Scottish men raigne and haue the supreme gouernance Hereof it came to passe that first in Spaine after in Irelande and then in Scotlande the Kings which ruled ouer the Scottish men receyued the Crowne sitting vpon that stone vntill the time of Robert the first king of Scotlande The inscription also of the stone though ingraued long time after as shoulde appeare was this Ni fallat fatum Scoti quocunque locatum Inuenient lapidem regnare tenentur ibidem Which may be thus translated Except olde sawes do sayle and wisards wittes be blinde The Scottes in place must raigne where they this stone shall finde When he perceyued that his people multyplyed in suche wise as the cuntrey which was appoynted him by the laste agreement was not able to susteyne them he was lothe to breake the peace whiche he had established wyth the Spaniards by seeking to enlarge the bounds of his dominion with breach of couenaunt and therefore vnderstanding that there was an Islād lying north ouer agaynst Spaine The Scottes seeke newe seates wherein were but fewe Inhabitours he caused all such shippes as he was able to make to bee brought togither into an Hauen neare vnto Brigantia and commaunding a great armie of his owne people and subiectes to bee assembled he appoynted his two sonnes whome hee had by his wife Scota the one named Hyberus and the other Himecus to conuey them ouer into that Islande whiche afterwardes they named Hibernia after Hyberus but nowe it is commonly called Irelande The Scots ariue in Ireland At their first arriuall there they came into the hauen of Dundalke where getting a lande they first encamped themselues neare vnto the shore and then sente forth certaine of their folkes to search if they could learne what people inhabited in the countrey by whom at their returne and by such as they had happened vppon and brought with them they vnderstoode howe there was no great number of Inhabitants in that Isle Irish men liue by milke and hearbes and that they which dwelled there were verie simple such I meane as liued onely by mylke and hear◅es with other the like things as the earth by nature brought forth of hir owne accorde without mans helpe or vse of any tyllage Irish men are gently entreated Herevpon Hiber with his brother Himecus went not aboute with force but by gentlenesse to wynne those people mynding to ioyne them in friendshippe so wyth theyr Scottishe men that bothe the people myghte bee made as one Neyther was this harde to bee done sithence the Inhabitauntes perceyuing the Scottishe men not to goe about to harme them came flocking in wholy about them submitting themselues into their handes with gladnesse This Hiber was a man of great courage and more gyuen to the warres than his father before him so that where his father contenting himselfe with the boundes and limittes of the Countrey assigned him by composition sought no further as is sayde to enlarge the same Hiber a conquerour Hiber ceassed not to conquere Cities and townes neare adioynyng to the borders of his subiectes by reason whereof hys fame spredde ouer all those parties And in the ende constreyned his enimyes to seeke for peace A peace whiche hee willingly graunted so that a league being concluded betwixte the Scottes and Spaniardes the same tooke suche good successe Spaniards and Scots become one people that within certayne yeares after both the Nations what by ma◅age and other contractes whiche they exercised togyther became one The succession also of the Kings continued after Hibers deceasse in hys posteritie a long season Amongest the whiche Meteltus Hermoneus Ptolomeus Hiberius and Simon Brechus were of most woorthie fame as is recorded by suche as haue wry◅ten the Hystories of that Nation more at large These Scottish men being thus troubled in Irelande The Scottes s◅a◅e Ambassadour vnto Metellus in Spaine finally addressed an Ambassade vnto Metellus who as then raigned amongest the Scottishe menne in Spaine requiring him of ayde and succour agaynste theyr enimyes who went aboute wyth toothe and nayle to expell all the Scottishe Nation out of Irelande which they were like ynough to bring to passe if in time there were not spedy remedie through his ayde prouided for the contrarie Metellus hearing these newes as a man moued with a naturall zeale towarde all the Scottish linage ga◅e eare to their request supposing it should be his part to defende his kinnes folke from all wrong and iniuries Ayde sent to assist the Scots in Irelande immediately therefore he sent his thre sonnes Hermoneus Ptolomeus and Hibertus with a chosen power of warriours ouer into Irelande where vanquishing the enimies with fierce and cruell battailes they set the Scottishmen in sure and quiet possession of all their lands and liuings This done Ptolomeus and Hibertus remayned there to rule and inhabite the countrey Hermoneus returned into Spaine againe but Hermoneus who was the eldest brother returned backe againe into Spain there to succeede his father when time shoulde serue thereto After this the Scottishe estate continued many yeares in good quiet in Ireland the people still increasing in welth and puissance till prosperitie the mother of contention stirred vp grudge and partialities amongst them whiche shortly would haue decayed the force of y e Scottish nation if the auncient Lords had not prouided redresse in time which was to perswade the people to haue a king of theyr owne who beyng partaker with none of them in their factions might haue the absolute gouernāce of the whole so that by common cōsent they sent into Spaine for one Simon Brek Symon Brek whose name was right famous amongst them in that season both aswel for that hee was lineally descended of the bloud royall as also for that he had shewed many proues of his noble valiancie in sundrie affayres and businesse Brechus came into Irelande This Simō being glad of these tidings sayled quickly into Irelande and brought thither with him amongst other princely iewels and regall monuments the fatal stone of marble wherein he caused himselfe to be crowned in token of his full possession and establishment ouer that
aduice whiche way to worke in somache that at length it was by great deliberation thought good to seeke for succour at the handes of theyr auncient confederates the Scottes The Pictes sende for ayde vnto king Galde and so incontinently there were certayne messengers dispatched with all speede vnto Galde the Scottishe kyng requiring him in that commune impardie to ioyne in league with hys auncient friendes the Pictes agaynst the ambitious and moste cruell Romains who sought nothing els but y e vtter subuersioÌ„ of the whole land of Albion as was manifestly apparaÌ„t by their proceeding hauing alreadie occupied and wrongfully surprised a great part not vâ—…che of the Pictish kingdome but also of the Scottish dominimus â—…ding stil to go foreward in such vnrighteous conquests if by timely resistaÌ„ce they were not staiÌ„ed Galde promiseth to ioyne in league with the Pictes against the Romains Galde vpon this request and mocions of the Picts gladly consented to ioyne his power with theirs in common defence of bothe the realmes against such common eninuies as the Romains were esteemed hauing herevnto the assent of all his peeres and chiefest counsellours Thus whilest the kings of the Scottes and Pictes were concluding a league togither for defence of themselues and theyr countreys certaine Scottes entred into the confines of Kyle Carrike and Coningham The Scots slea the Romaine souldiers lying in certaine garrisons wanne diuers fortresses wherein certain garrisons of Romaine souldiers foiourned whom they slewe downe right without al mercie spoyling the whole countrey Agricola hauing knowledge hereof wente streight waies thither with a power and pursuing them that had done those iniuries some hee tooke amongst the hilles and mountaynes whither they were fledde The riuer of Clyde otherwise called Clâ—…de Agricola repulsing the Scottes could not yet winne the castell of Dunbreton aunciently called Awldluch or Alcluth and the residue hee chased beyond the riuer of Clyde but the castel of Dunbryton hee coulde not by any meanes obtaynes though he assayed to winne it euen to the vttermost of his power It was called in those dayes Alcluth that is to meane all stone The Scottish men being thus driuen backe Agricola repaired suche castels and fortresses as they had ouerthrowen and heaten downe In the yeare following being the fifth after the first comming of Agricola into Brytaine he caused his shippes to be brought about from the Isle of Wight into the water of Lochfine in Argite The romayne nauie arriueth in the water of Lochfin thereby to put his enimies in vtter dispayre of escaping his handes eyther by water or lande And therevpon passing ouer the riuer of Clyde with his armie and finding his nauie there hee set vpon the countrey of Lennox Agricola inuadeth Lennox in purpose to subdue the same But after he had made sundrie skyrmishes with the inhabitauntes hee was certified by letters from the gouernour of Camelone that the Pictes were ready to rebell by reason whereof he left off this enterprice against the Scottes Agricola returneth into Pict lande to appease a rebellion of the people there and drew hacke into Picte lande leauing a parte of his armie to keepe possession of the water of Clyde till his returne againe into those parties At his comming into Picte lande he appeased the rebelles with small a do punishing the chiefe authours according to their demerites This done He returneth into Clyde he returned vnto the water of Clyde lying at that winter beyond the same taking order for the gouernment of those parties in due obedience of the Romaine Empyre The sommer following he appointed his nauie to search alongst by the coast all the hauens and creâ—â—â— of Argyle â–ª and of the Ilandes neare to the same Agricola pursueth his enterprise against the Scones Whilest he by land passing ouer the water of â—…â—…ine went about to coÌ„quere â—â—â—nes and casâ—â—l the ugly half disâ—â—â—â— at the 〈◊〉 by reason of the rough wayes straâ—â— passages highen went armes 〈◊〉 them thicke woâ—◠〈…〉 fenneâ—… and â—â—ssest with the great riuers whiche with his armie her mostâ—… needâ—…s possesithe minded to 〈◊〉 his porpuse but the olde souldiers beyng cured with 〈◊〉 and trauayle 〈◊〉 came all Sspanâ—… by the wise counâ—â—ct of theyr worth Generyâ—â— and other the Captaynes and so inuading the countrey tooke Towns and Castels of the whiche some they beate â—â—ene a aduised and some they fortified and shared with garisons of 〈◊〉 of warre About the same time the commaundement of king Galdie and other the 〈◊〉 as of Scotland All the Scottes assemble all the able men of Cantyre Lorne Murreyland Lugemarth also those of the westerne Isles and of all other parties bringing to the Scottish dominions were appointed â—… assemble and come togither in Atholl at a place not passing fiue miles distant from the castell of Calidone now cleped Dunkeld there to abide the coÌ„ming of Karanath King of the Pictes to the end that ioyning togither in one armie they might worke some hight exploit But he hauing assembled .xv. thousand of his meÌ„ of war as he marched alongst by the mountaine of Graâ—…hene in times pact cleped Mens Grâ—…mpius there chaunced a mutinie amongst his people so that falling togither by the eares Karanach king of the Pictes slaine by misfortune of one of his owne sublectes Karanach himselfe comming amongst them vnarmed as hee was to parte the fray was slayne presently at inwares by one that knewe not what hee was By reason of whiche mischaunce that iourney was broken for the Pictes being vtterly amazed and discomforted her with skaled and departed in sunder Galde with his Scottes now being thus disappointed of the Pictes his chiefest ayde durst not leoparde to trie the chaunce of battayle with the enimies but determined with lighte skirmishes and by withdrawing of vitayles out of their walke to stoppe them from fâ—…rther proceeding in conquest of the countrey and in the meane tyme to prouide agaynst the nexte sommer newe ayde and succours to keepe the fielde and so to encouÌ„ter with them puissance against puissance if they remayned so long in the countrey An ambassage from the Scots vnto the Picts The Scots resting vpoÌ„ this resolutioÌ„ thought good to send some honorable ambassade vnto the Pictes to moue theÌ„ vnto mutual agreemeÌ„t coÌ„cord amoÌ„gst theÌ„selfs wherby they might be able to resist the common ruine of their countrie as then in present daunger to be oppressed by the Romaines The Pictes brought to agreement amongst themselues Those that were sente on this message dyd so dilygently behaue them selues in bringing their purpose to passe that the Pictes in the ende agreed to ioyne in friendly amytic one with an other and to choose one Garnard to their king to succede in the counte of Karanach They also confirmed the former league with the Scots and by theyr procurement sent messangers vnto the Norwegians and Danes requiring them of ayde against the Romains the common
and Pictes lay in campe neare vnto Adrians wall to resist the inuasion of the enimies on that syde if happely they should attempt any new exployt against him in those partes The Ilande men hearing of Argadus hys approche drewe themselues togither to receyue him by battaile if he minded to offer it In which meane time two thousand Irishe men were landed in that Countrey in hope of spoyle The Irish men lande in Argyle and hearing that Argadus was comming that wayes forth to fight with his enimies they layde themselues secretely in ambushe by the way where hee shoulde passe and when he was passed by them The Irish men lay an ambush to entrappe Argadus they brake forth vppon his rerewarde sodainly putting his people in suche disorder by their violent impression at the first brunt that though he did what in him laye to bring them againe into aray of battayle Argadus is slaine yet in the ende hee was there slaine with two thousande of his armie the residue escaping by flight out of the handes of their wilde and cruel enimies Ethodius hauing knowledge hereof with an armie of .xx. thousand men hasted forth towards Argyle to reuenge the death of his valiant Captaine Argadus vpon the rebelles Who hearing of his comming made towardes the Sea and woulde gladly haue bene gone but by reason of a contrary winde they were forced to stay agaynst their willes so that hee finding them still in the Countrey wrought so warely by closing them vp among the Hilles and Mountaynes The Ilande men yeelde themselues that finally constrayned through famine they submitted themselues vpon these conditions that their heade Captaine with two hundred others of the chiefest shoulde yeeld themselues simplie to the kings mercie and the residue to be licenced to depart againe into their Countreys The Islande menne beeing thus vanquished and the Romaines attempting nothing agaynst the Scottishe men or Pictes Ethodius visiteth his countreys to see iustice mainteyned Ethodius visited all the partes of his Realme taking order for the due execution of Iustice amongest hys subiects And for that hee woulde not spende his time in idlenesse beeing nowe at rest from warres hee beganne to exercise himselfe in hunting and for the better nourishing of game He giueth him selfe to hunting and causeth the lawes for the maintenaunce of game to bee well kept and looked vnto hee tooke order that all suche ordinances as had beene deuised by his elders shoulde straytely bee obserued and kept as that no man shoulde bee so hardie to goe aboute to destroy any Hares with nettes grennes or Harepypes Neither to kill them in theyr formes by anye meanes nor after that they had beene once coursed and escaped to follow the sute to the entente to starte them agayne Also that none shoulde goe aboute to kyll anye Harte or Hynde during all the Winter season at what tyme they were accustomed for hunger to leaue the Mountaynes Forrestes and Wooddes and to come downe into the fieldes and couertes neare vnto the townes and houses He ordeyned moreouer therunto that no man shoulde presume to kill any Hinde Calues detesting nothing more than to haue suche game destroyed as serued for the exercise and solace of him and his Nobles The other vacant tyme whilest hee rested from hunting hee spent for the moste parte in hearing of Musick hauing diuerse cunning players of sundrie kindes of Instruments attending in his court At length setting all his pleasure in hearing of a Musition beeing horne in one of the west Isles Ethodius murthered by a Musitian 194. H.B. hee was murthered by him in the night time within his owne chamber The murtherer beeing apprehended and examined vpon what occasion hee did that heynous fact for the which he had deserued the most extreme kinde of punishment that might be deuised he answered that in reuenge of the death of suche his kinsmen and friendes as the King hadde caused to bee executed in Argyle hee purposed long before to doe that deede and nowe that hee had accomplished hys purpose hee was readie to receyue what kynde of death they woulde adiudge him to For sure I am of this sayeth he that howe terrible so euer my execution shall be yet can it not be so painefull but that I shall reioyce euen in the verie instaunt of my death for that I haue in suche notable sorte reuenged the deathes of all my kynsmen and friendes Finally by commaundement of the Magistrates he was drawne in peeces with wilde horses in moste violent wise Septimus Seuerus H. B. Ethodius raigned xxxiij yeares vntyll the latter dayes of Caracalla the Emperour Hee was buryed at Dunstafage with all suche pompous ceremonies as was accustomed about the enterrement of kings in that age In his dayes Lucius the King of Brytaine receyued the fayth with a great part of his people Brytayne receyueth the Christian faith in the yeare 187. beeing the yeare after the byrth of our Sauiour as the Scottes Chronicles haue 187. but after the Brytish 177. Thys Satrahell was subtile of nature and a greate dissembler whose purpose was to defraude the issue of hys brother Ethodius from attayning at any tyme vnto the rule of the kingdome Satrahel seeketh to destroy such as were in fauor with his predecessor and therefore to bring hys purpose the better to passe hee founde forged matter agaynst all such as were familier friends vnto Ethodius thereby to put them vnto death Neyther dealt hee any thing more sincerely with a great number of other of his wealthie subiectes whose landes and goodes hee onely sought to enioye at his owne will By meanes whereof suche mischefe ensued through the Realme Discord riseth among the people throgh the king 〈◊〉 gouernour and such ciuil sedition dayly rose amongst the people that pitie it was to beholde it the king beeing not so bolde all the while as once to shewe his face abrode for redresse thereof by reason hee vnderstoode well ynoughe what hatred the people bare towardes hym Serrahel straâ—…gled to death by his owne seruants 197. H. B. neyther did his keeping within doores saue his lyfe any long tyme for in the ende his owne seruauntes founde meanes to strangle him and that before hee had raigned fully foure yeares IN his place succeeded his brother Donald a prince of far coÌ„trary nature and conditions for he was free curteous and without al deceyte more righteous than rigorous afore all things desyrous that peace and concorde might prosper among his subiects Neither bare he with offenders but suche as were disobedient agaynst the lawes wholsome ordinances of the realme he caused to be duely punished finally he tooke such order for reformation of things Donald studieth to reduce his subiectes vnto all ciuilitie that hee reduced his subiects as it had beene from a wylde and sauage rudenesse vnto a perfect ciuill trade of humanitie Aboute the same time Lucius king of the Brytaynes beeing
his power as then did soiourne Where when both the campes were pitched and one lying not farre from the other at the first certaine light skirmishes were procured by both partes betwixt the light horsemen wherewith at length being the more prouoked to displeasure they come into the fielde with their whole maine battailes right fiercely encountering eche other The Albions and Saxons encounter in battaile so that as it appeared their force was not so great but their mortall hate was euen as much or rather more if the hystories say right Aurelius hasteth forth to London Aurelius Ambrose hauing thus got the vpper hande of his enimies hasteth forth with all speede vnto London where hauing both the Citie and tower deliuered into his handes hee recouered the whole Ilande from the possession of the Saxons and such of them as were apt men able to beare armor and to serue in the warres he coÌ„maunded to depart forth of the land The other that were minded to tarie behinde their fellowes that were thus forced to depart became subiectes to the Britains and couenanted to become christians Thus much haue I written touching Aurelius Ambrose according to the report of the Scottish wryters but more hereof ye may reade in the hystorie of Englande where ye shall finde this matter set forth more at large For y t which wee write here is but to shewe in what sort the Scottishe writers make relation of the warres which their nation had with the Saxons when they began first to set foote here in this lande To our pupose then In the meane time Aurelius hauing thus recouered the lande out of the Saxons hands and now remaining at London did all the honor he coulde ymagine both vnto Loth the Pictish king and also vnto Conranus generall of the Scottishe men acknowledging howe that by theyr ayde chiefly hee had got the vpper hande of his enimyes By support of Scottes and Pictes Aurelius confesseth â—…e got the hâ—…torie of the Saxons and so hee willed to haue it notified amongst his subiectes Hereto heâ—… caused the league to be renued betwixt the Scottes Pictes and Brytaynes the auncient ordinaunce for the Countreyes beyond Humber The league betwixt Scottes Pictes and Britains is renued beeing appointed to remayne vnto the Scottishe men and Pictes also that the Saxons shoulde bee reputed common enimyes to all the three Nations and that vpon inuasion made by any forraine power the Scottes Pictes and Brytanes should ayde one another as occasion serued This league beeing concluded with these articles of couenauntes was the more strongly confyrmed by reason of such affinitie and allyaunce as then also ensued For whereas Aurelius had two sisters the one named Anne and the other Ada virgins both Anne the daughter of Aurelius giuâ—â— in mariage vnâ—…to Loth king of Pictes Anne beeing the elder was gyuen in maryage vnto King Loth by whome certaine yeares after hee had issue two sonnes Mordred and Walwan or Galwan with a daughter named Thametes Ada beeing the yonger syster was maryed vnto Conranus Ada maried vnto CoÌ„ranus generall as is sayde of the Scottishe armye Howbeit she lyued not past two yeares after but dyed in trauayle of childe which also dyed wyth the mother And so ended the alyance of Aurelius and Conranus The Brytaynes beeing delyuered through the victorie and meanes afore rehearsed from the cruell handes of the Saxons enioyed ioyfull peace certaine yeares after but in the meane time dyuerse of those Saxons which were lycenced to remayne in Brytayne counterfeyting to become Christians vsed neuerthelesse to make sacryfice vnto Idolles according to the manner of the Gentyles whereof theyr Priestes beeing accused and condemned Diuers Saxons Idolaters are burned suffered death by fyre for that offence accordingly as the lawe dyd then appoynt them Whilest these things 〈…〉 Congâ—… 〈◊〉 the Scottes being worâ—◠〈◊〉 long 〈◊〉 The deuâ—â— of Congall departed this â—…e and was buried in the I le of Iona otherwise called Câ—â—kill with all kingâ—… pompe and accustomed ceremonies He raigned ouer the Scottishmen aâ—…ut xx yeares in great fame and glorie This Conranus otherwise also called by some Goranus being established king first tooke order that the sonnes of his brother Congall being within age shoulde be brought vp in the I le of Man vnder the gouernance of certainâ—… wyse instructors and scholemaisters to be trayned in learning and vertuous discipline according to an auncient ordenance thereof made and enacted Also doubting least peace and quietnesse nowe after long warres The earnest diligence of Conranus for maintenance of good orders amongst his subiects should minister matter to his people of raysing some commotion to the disturbance of all ciuill order and politike gouernment within his realme hee code as it had bene in circuite rounde about the same making inquirie of all maner offenders on whom he caused due punishment to be executed without respect eyther of kyth or kinne And amongst other enormities which he vnderstoode to be vsed in maner through al his couÌ„treys this as hee thought was most greeuous that the husbandmen and other commons of the Countrey being euil intreated and misused at the gentlemens handes durst not complaine nor procure any redresse by reason whereof when they were oppressed or suffered any manner of wrong or iniurie A goodly ordenance deuised by Conranus for reliefe of his commons they were without remedie to haue the same reformed he ordeyned therefore that the names of al such offenders with the maner of their offences shoulde bee secretly registred in a booke euerie yeare by certaine Inquisitours thereto chosen and appoynted and if it chaunced that those which were thus accused might afterwardes be founde guiltie before the kings Iustices by matter plainly proued agaynst them they shoulde then be sure to bee punished according to the measure of their offences This custome of accusations commonlye called moâ—…tements continueth euen vnto these our dayes Conranus himselfe as 〈◊〉 reported The king present at Assises vsed much to be present at Assyses and Sessions to see the laid as they 〈◊〉 either 〈◊〉 to passe the time in hunting within some Forteâ—â— or those â—…ere to the place where his Iustices 〈◊〉 Nowe whilest Conranus king of Scottes thus studiâ—… for the good gouernment of his people Aurelius Ambrose fell sicke of a consumption Aurelius Ambrose the king of Brytaine fell 〈◊〉 of a consumption whiche brought him to such weaâ—…nesse that all recouere of health in him was dispayred Occa and Pascentius return into Britaine whereof Occa and Pascentius soâ—…nes to Hengist beeing aduertised returned with a mightie power of Saxons into Brytain which as Hector Boetius sayth they named at that preâ—â— Engests land Vter the brother of Aurelius lay also the same time sore sicke of a flixe in the parties of Wales so that to auoyde dissention that was raysed among the Brytaynes about the appoynting of a generall to go agaynst the enimies
conduction of them that had the conueyance thereof But after this there came a power of English horsemen to the number of little lesse than two thousande demie lances light horsemen The English horsemen ouerthrowen and arquebusiers on horsebacke vnder the leading of sir Robert Bowes sir Thomas Palmer sir Henry Wharton Capitayne Gamboa Spaniarde and others the which aduenturing ouer rashly within daunger of the whole FreÌ„ch power were ouerthroweÌ„ and chased sir Robert Bowes and sir Thomas Palmer with a great number of other Capitaynes Gentlemen and Souldiers beyng taken prysoners beside those that were slayne Yet after this ouerthrow of those horsemen the French remoued theyr siege from the places where they had first planted it and lodged further off from the towne continuyng there till at length by an army sent forth of Englande vnder the conduct of the Erle of Shrewsbury the Lorde Grey and others The Erle of Shrewsbury remoueth tâ—… siege from Hadington they were constreyned to retyre from thence as in the English history ye may finde more largely expressed to the whiche for further report of the euentes chancyng duryng that siege I referre the reader But this is to be remeÌ„bred that whylest the siege remayned at Hadyngton by a conuention or assemble of the Lordes it was decreed that the Queene shoulde be sente into Fraunce â—…r Nicholas â—…e Villegaignon and therevpoÌ„ Monsieur de Villegaignon with foure Galleys departing from Leith made semblance as though he would haue sayled into Fraunce but hauyng passed the mouth of the Fourth he turned his course on the left hand to passe aloÌ„gst the shoere Northward by the Germayne seas y t compassing the lande on the East side he might passe about by the Isles of Orkney and so by the West Isles till he came to Dunbretayne where the yong Queene lay The French â—…aleys comâ—…de about the â—…me of Scotlande by Dunâ—…ie head This iourney he fortunately atchieued the same neuer afore that tyme to mans remembrance beyng made or attempted with Galeys At his arriuall at Dunbretayne he founde all things ready prouided necessary for the enbarquyng of the Queene that he might conuey hir into Fraunce for the accomplishment whereof he had taken that iourney in hande Herevpon she beyng brought aborde into the Kings owne Galey Monsieur de â—…zze wherein Monsieur de Brezze was also appoynted to be abourde with hyr as hee that had bene sent with expresse commaundement to see hir conueyed into Fraunce who togither with Villegaignon shewed such diligeÌ„ce in atchieuyng that enterprise The yong â—…ne of 〈◊〉 coÌ„ueyed to Fraunce that finally they arriued with prosperous winde and weather in the hauen of Brest in Brytaine with that yong Queene beyng as then betwixte fiue and sixe yeares of age But now to the doyngs in Scotlande concerning y e warres there after that y e siege of Hadington was reysed by the Englishe armie as before ye haue hearde the Frenchmenne therevpon retyred themselfes vnto Muskelbourgh and choosing foorth a plot of grounde for theyr aduaÌ„tage The FreÌ„chmeÌ„ campe at Muskelburgh kept themselfes within the same and herewith there came to them a fiftene thousande Scottishmen to assiste them so that when the Englishmen came forewardes to assayle them they found them so strongly embattayled that whether their coÌ„mission did not so farre extend or whether they had no likyng of the matche â—…e more herâ—… England they forbare to set vpon them in that ground of so great disauantage for the assaylantes so returned back to Hadington after homewards hauing furnished the towne with newe supplies of men munition and vitayles sufficient Here is to be noted y t the english fleete entring into the Fourth was ready to haue ayded y e army by lande as occasions might haue bene offered The Lord admirall of England but the Lord Admirall perceyuing no likelyhood of battayle by lande tooke vpon him to atchieue some other enterprises and first comming to Brent Yland set certaine shippes a fire there of the chiefest in the riuer and saluting the towne of Leith as he passed by with Canon shotte he determined to lande some of his men on the North side of the Fourth to make some spoyle within the countrey of Fife The Laird of Dun. But Iohn Erskin Land of Dun as then somewhat diseased and returned home from the campe caused such dayly and nightly watche and warde to be kept that this enterprice coulde not be so secretely coÌ„ueyed by the Englishmen but that the same was perceyued so preuented The English men repulsed at S. Meuettes that vpon theyr landyng they were forced to retyre with losse and happy was he that might first get agayne to shippeborde The Erle of Shrewsbury beyng come backe from Hadington vnto Dunglas order was giuen for the buylding of a forte there as in the English history further may appeare and in the meane tyme Monsieur de Desse remayning in campe at Muskelbourgh hearing that the English armie was remoued homewardes how diuers newe bandes of horsemen and footemen beyng lefte in Hadington were ready to come foorth to skirmish abroade vpon sight of the enimy he tooke aduise to trie if he might drawe theÌ„ forth to their losse and thervpon was Monsieur Dandelot the Reingraue appoynted to chose foorth a thousande of their lustiest footemen the whiche with three hundred horsemen were conueyed and layde closely in ambushe behinde a litle hill not farre from the towne This done a few horsemeÌ„ were sent forth to draw the Englishmen out of the towne to skirmish with theÌ„ The EnglishmeÌ„ wer no sooner aduised that the enimies were there at hand in the field but that all their horsemen issued out of the towne dâ—…câ—…e with certayne footemen and streight had the Frenchmen in chase who retyring mainteyned the skirmish of purpose to make the EnglishmeÌ„ more earnest to come forewarde but immediatly as MoÌ„sieur de Desse saw his time he gaue signe by sounde of Trumpet to the footemen to breake foorth who togither with the horsemen gaue so fierce an onset vpon the enimies The English meÌ„ put to the worse at a skirmish neare to Hadington that they were incontinently discomfited and stryng toward the towne were followed by the French euen harde to the Walles diuers were slayne and aboue an hundred taken prysoners After this Monsieur de Desse reysed from Muskelbourgh and commyng to Lieth sette in hande to fortifie that towne Leith fortified The Marshall Strozzi and Monsieur Dandelot with diuers other Capitaynes embarqued themselfes in the Galey that yet remayned tooke their course to returne into Fraunce one of the same Galeys they beyng eight in number A galley takeÌ„ beside a foyst and a Brigandine was taken by an English shippe called the Faucon as shee passed through the narrow seas at a place named the Southfurlong she beyng alone as it chanced the hindermost of all the
hundred light horsemen after the maner of Fraunce one thousand footemē was come to the Queene busie nowe to further this enterprise She had got togither within Leith hauē all the boates that belōged to al the creekes and hauens of the Fourth The diligēce of the Scottish Queene so that on thursday after Trinitie sonday euery thing beyng prepared ready for the purpose in the mornyng by the breake of day the Queene was come to Leith to see the enbarquing of the men of warre appoynted that day to trie what successe fortune would sende them There was no diligence wanting The forwardnesse of the souldiers neither among the Scottes nor Frenchmen to bestowe themselfes aborde the cōfortable wordes of y e Queene greatly encouraged thē thereto beholding them deuising with Mōsieur de Desse the other capitaynes til they were al set forward Villegaignon with his galleys passed on before to keepe the Englishmē occupied so as they should not perceyue the Frenchmens meaning Inskith assalled by the Frenchmen but they discouering the vessels at their settyng foorth conceyued streightwayes what was intended thervpon prepared to keepe the enimies off from landing so that vpon the Frenchmens approche they saluted them with arrowes and Harquebuzeshot very hotely at lēgth yet by fine force the Scots and Frenchmen got a land and droue the Englishmen and Italians backe frō the sea stronde vp to the higher grounde where they stoode at defense on a plompe togither doyng their best to defende the place agaynst the assaylantes Capitayne Cotton generall of Inskith and others slayne but finally their generall named Cotton being slaine with George Applebie Esquyer a Capitayne of an enseigne of footemen sent forth of Derbyshire one Gaspar Pizoni that was capitaine of the Italians beside diuers other gentlemen and the most principall men of warre and souldiers among them the residue were cōstreyned to retyre vnto a corner or point of the Ilande where they were taken without further resistāce although before they had made right stoute defense hurte slayne diuers Scots Frenchmen both at their landyng also after they were entred on lande Monsieur la Chappelle hurte Among other Mōsieur de la chapelle de Biron was strikē through the hand with an harquebuzeshot and his burguenet beaten so into his head that his frendes that were about him were fayne to conuey him into one of the Galleys to be dressed of his hurtes by a Chirurgian Also a Gentleman named Desbories whiche bare the sayde Monsieur de la Chapelle his Coronell enseigne was slayne with a pike by the hands of the forenamed Cotton the English generall Thus was Inskith recouered out of the Englishmens hands Insketh recouered out by the Frenchmē after it had bene in their possession by the space of .xvj. dayes the more to the highe contentation of Monsieur de Desse for that the same time he stoode vpon his discharge and returne into Fraunce beyng appoynted to surrender vp his place to Mōsieur de Thermes lately before arriued as ye haue heard with cōmission to receiue the same Monsieur de Des◅e returned into Fraunce So that Monsieur de Desse to ende his charge with the glory of this atchieued enterpryse esteemed it muche to stande with his honour Shortly after he returned into Fraunce with the Galleys Monsieur de Thermes succeedeth in his place and Monsieur de Thermes succeeded in his place for the generall conduct of the French army in Scotland Who by the aduise of the gouernour and other of the Scottish lords determined with a siege volant to keepe the Englishmen in Hadington from vitayles and all other reliefe First therefore after that Desse was departed towardes Fraunce Monsieur de Thermes with his Frenchmē and some Scots encamped at Abirladie ◅re buylte Aberlady where they beganne the fundation of a forte so to impeach the Englishmen from setting a lande any victuals there to be conueyed from thence to Hadington as before they had done In this meane tyme the Englishmen had increased theyr nūbers of Almaignes and other straungers and not onely furnished their fortes with new supplies of men but also had an army in the fieldes whiche lay most an ende at Dunglas and one while besieged Hume castell but after they sawe themselues disappoynted of the meane wherby they supposed to haue recouered it they reysed from thence and spoyled the most parte of Tiuidale and other the Marches thereabout in reuenge as they alledged of the disloyaltie and breache of promise proued in the assured Scottes Generall of this army was the Erle of Rutland Erle of Rutland Lieutenant at that present of the North partes a noble man right valiaunt wise well aduised and stayed in his dealings very honorable courteous in al his demeanor He was accompanied with Capitaynes of good estimatiō and approued prowes as sir Richard Maners sir Frauncis Leake sir Iohn Sanage sir Thomas Holcroft sir Oswald Wulstroppe and others He so behaued himselfe in that daungerous time of the vprores and rebellious commotions of the commōs through the more parte of the realme of Englande that although the appoynted forces agaynst Scotlande were stayed and turned to the suppression of the rebelles to the encouragement no doubte bothe of Scottes and Frenchmen in Scotland yet they were so fronted and kept in awe by that army vnder the sayde Erle of Ruthland that they rather lost than gayned in this season at the Englishmens handes At one tyme the same army vnder the conduct of the sayde Erle passing forth with a conuoy of vitayles vnto Hadington came so suddenly vpon the Frenchmen where they lay in campe that whether through defaulte of theyr skowtes or other negligence vsed by them or through the great diligence and prouident forewardnesse shewed by the Englishmē The Frenchmen in danger to haue bene distressed the Frēch men were in suche hazarde to haue bene vtterly distressed that if the Englishmen had not doubted more than by many was thought needefull they might haue ouerthrowen taken and slaine the Frenchmen as was supposed at theyr pleasure But the Englishmen at theyr first comming in sight of them as it stoode with the reason of warre sith by aduenturyng rashly oftentimes in such cases to late repentance easily ensueth stayed the better to cōceyue of that which they had to do whereby the Frenchmenne had leasure to marche their wayes a mayne pace till they were got out of daunger for after they ones beheld the troupes of the English horsemē almost at their elbowes and herewith the battayle of the Almaignes suddenly appearyng on the hill toppe ready to come downe vpon them The Frenchmen retire it was no neede to bidde them packe away The Scottes light horsemen commyng on the backe of the English army perceyued where the Almaignes to make them ready to giue batayle had throwen of their clokes and lefte the same with all
hardinesse in practice of vvarlike feates 443.5 is maried to the Ladie Magdalene daughter to the Frenche King 443.57 returneth intoo Scotland vvith his vvife 443.69 espouseth the Ladie Marie de Lorraine Dutchesse of Longuile 444.82 receyued into the Iles of Orkney 445.8 refuseth to meete the king of Englande at Yorke 446.56 Iames Prince eldest sonne too K. Iames the fifth departeth this life 446.13 Iane daughter to Iohn Beauforde Earle of Somerset maried to K. Iames the first 248.29 Iane sister to Henrie the thirde of England promised in mariage to King Alexander 283.76 Iane sister to King Edvvard maryed to Dauid Prince of Scotlande 328.31 Iane vvife to King Dauid dyeth 355. 11 Iane daughter to the Earle of Somerset maried too Iames prince of Scotland 376 Iane Quene of Scottes deliuered of tvvo sonnes at a burthen 379. 68 Iane vvife to King Alexander dieth 286 Iâ—…ni an auncient people vvhere they dvvelt 39.23 Idlenesse the breeder and nouricher of all sentuall lusts 152.74 Iedbourgh 438.26 Iedvvorth 463.81 Ienny Pyrnine a Scottish Barke taken 416.3 Ile of Govvere 25.62 Ile of Ila 25.76 Ile of VVight rebelleth agaynste the Romaines 37.72 Ile of VVight rebelling brought to obedience 67.15 Ile of Anglesey conquered 43.66 Ile Anglesey submitteth it selfe to the Romaines 50.15 Iland rebels yeeld themselues too King Ethodius 68.75 Ile of Colmkill in olde time called I le of Iona. 75.39 Ile of Man spoyled by the Danes 203.21 Ile of Man spoyled by the Scots 301. 94 Ile of Man recouered by the Scottes 293.27 Ile of Sketh 233.61 Iles resigned ouer to the Scott fol. 400 IlaÌ„d of Lunday in Seueâ—… 405.92 Iles of Levvis 445.13 Iles of Skie 445.12 Iles of Tranternes 445.19 Ile of Arrane burnt and the Goâ—…ors castell of Scotland there 〈◊〉 to the ground 462.74 Ile of Bule taken 462.76 Ile of Rinter inuaded by the erle of Lennox 463.43 Iles of Scotlande at the King of Englandes commaundement and seruice 464.110 Ile of Saint Colmes Ins vvoon by the Englishmen 469.39 Illusions of euill spirites 50.55 and. 119.91 and. 120.28 and 120. 45 Images of Christ and the tvvelue Apostles of Golde and Siluer 666. 94 Images preached agaynst in Scotlande 458.64 Impudent seruilitie intruded vpon the Britaines by the provvd and cruel Scots and Picts 109.25 Ingelram Lord of Concie 286 15 Inglis Abbot of Culros cruellye murthered 441.51 Inhabitantes of Orkeney inuade Cathnes 26 Inhabitantes of Orkeney vanquished 26.39 Inhabitants of Gallovvay submit themselues to the Romaines 37. 34 Inhabitantes of Gallovvay beaten and pacified 39.60 Inhabitantes of VVales offer aide to the Scottes agaynst the Romaines 57.10 Inhabitantes of the Iles inuade Rosse and Murrey 76.55 Inuernes burnt by Alexander L. of the Iles. 378.76 Inscription of the Scottish Kings seate of Marble stone 3.51 Inscription engrauen vppon Saint Colmes tombe 142.6 Inscription of the Scottish marble seate by vvhom ingrauen 180.57 Insketh fortified by the Englishe men 478.30 Interpretation of the Kinges crovvn scepter svvord 11.96 Inundation of vvâ—…r at Barthaâ—… 280. â—…7 Illythara called othervvise Thara king of Pictes 35.24 Iohn Bishop of Saint Andrevves 276. 38 Iohn the first crovvned King of England 279.78 Iohn causeth â—…ooties to be set out of Scotland 179.106 Iohn maketh restitution too the Scottes of their goodes lately taken avvay 279.109 Iohn falleth out vvith the Pope 281. 32 Iohn faileth out vvith his Barons 282. 3 Iohn King of Englande dyeth 282. 31 Iohn Maior cited 294.55 and 304.39 and. 315.62 and. 318.26 Iohn the first crovvned King of Scotlande 299.102 Iohn the first doeth homage too King Edvvarde of Englande for the Realme of Scotlande 299. 107 Iohn renounceth his allegiaunte promised by homage vnto the King of Englande 300.6 Iohn sendeth Ambassadors intoo Fraunce too renue the auncient league vvith the Frenchmen 300. â—â— Iohn pursued into the Castell of Forfaire 30â—… 79 Iohn resigneth all his right in the crovvne of Scotlande to King Edvvarde 302 2â—… Iohn and his son sent to London and there kept in prison 302.35 Iohn set at libertie returneth into Scotland 332 4â—… Iohn renounceth the administration of the realme 302 4â—… Iohn dieth 302.49 Iohn King of Fraunce and hys yongest sonne taken prisoners 355. 73 Iohn the second crovvned king of Scotland 365. â—…5 Iohn the second called Robert the thirde 365.36 Iohn Maior cited 252.73 and 264.67 and. 265.25 and 268. 6 Iohn Maior cited 369.9 Iohn Maior cited 395.35 Iohn Earle of Bedford a commissioner for peace 480.70 Iordayne Alexander taken prisoner by the Englishmen 435. 6â—… Iosina elected King 19.28 Iosina had Phisitions in great estimation 19.34 Iosina cunning in Phisicke 19.37 Iosina friendly interteyneth Philosophers 20.23 Iosina dieth 20.26 Ireland called Hibernia of Hiberus 4.15 Irishmen liue by Mylke and Hearbes 4.27 Irishmen submit themselues to the Scottes 4.40 Irishmenne ayde the Scottes agaynste the Romaines 5â—… 44 Irishmen lande in Arguile to ayde the Iland men 68.51 Irishmen conclude too ayde the Scottes and lande in Cantyreâ—… 92. 52 Irishmen slaine vvhich arriued in Cantyre 159.9 Irishmen vvithout a king 1â—…9 â—…4 Irishmen drovvned in a Tempest vvhich had robbed Ila 159. 34 Irishmen sue too the Scottes for peace and obteyne it 1â—…9 41 Irish men in the Gallovvay 195 101 Irish men flee to their ships vviâ—…h great pray of goods and cattel 195. 100 Irish nobilitie at variance for the gouernaÌ„ce of their realm 195.116 Irishmen slaine and pursued by the Scots 196.67 Irish men run out of the field and are chased 197.78 Irish men and Scottes conclude a peace vpon conditions 198.68 Irish Scots bear a natural grudge to the English Scots 274.40 Irish men require ayde of the Scottes agaynste the Englishmen 320 32 Irish men discomfited and slaine by the Englishmen at Dundach 320.82 Irishmen make roades ouer intoo Gallovvay 361.59 Ironside Edmond fighteth a combat vvith Ganâ—… 241.31 Isabell sister to King Alexander maried too the Earle of Norffolke 286.5 Isabel daughter to the French K. maried too Richarde King of Englande 366.62 Israell oppressed by the Egyptians 1â—…42 Inchtuthill hovv in olde time called 53.6 Iudges not to set in any temporall Court vvithout the Kings coÌ„mission 246.7 Indulphe proclaimed inheritor to the crovvne of Scotland 203.61 Indulph inuested King of Scotlande 204.36 Indulph ouerthrovveth the kings of Denmarke and Morvvey 205. 59 Indulph shot through the heade vvith a dart dieth 206.7 Iulius Cesar cited 21.38 Iulius Cesar Emperor of Rome 28. 14 Iulius Cesar first arriuall into Britaine 28.53 Iulius Cesar second arriuall intoo Britaine 28.81 Iulius Cesar sendeth Ambassadors to the Scots and Pictes 28. â—…6 Iulius Cesar sendeth sharper message vnto the Scots and Pictes 28. 111 Iulius Cesar called backe from inuading the Scots and Pictes by commotions in France 29.10 Iulius Cesar came too Kalender vvood 29.16 Iulius Hoff builded 29.30 and 36. 66 Iunes Iohn Bishop of Murrey 387. 37 Inch Mahome Abbey 469.35 Iurmyrike concludeth a peace vvith the Scottes and Pictes 136. 6 Iurmirike fift king of the English men from Hengisâ—… 136.2
twelue pens and those that were valued to bee worth in goodes twentie poundes and vpwards payd also after the rate of lands y t is twelue pēce for euery pounde The Frenchemen demaūd of the Isle of Wight The Frenchmen aboute the same time came before the Isle of Wighte with a greate nauie and sent certaine of theyr men to the shore to demaunde in name of King Richarde and of hys wife Queene Isabell a tribute or a speciall subsedie in money of the inhabitantes of that I le who aunswered that King Richard was dead and Queene Isabell sometime his wife The answere ◅f the Ilande ◅es hadde bin sent home to hir parents and countrey without condition of any dower or tribute wherfore they aunswered reasonable that none they woulde giue but if the Frenchmen hadde desire to fighte they willed them to come on land and there shoulde bee none to resist them and after they were a lande they promised to giue them respite for sixe houres space to refreshe themselues and that tyme beeyng once expired they should not fayle to haue battell When the Frenchmen hearde of this stoute aunswere made by the Ilandmen they had no lust to approch neerer to the lande but returned without further attempt About this season the Duke of Orleaunce brother to the Frenche Kyng a man of no lesse pride than hawtinesse of courage The duke of Orleance his chalenge wrote lettres to Kyng Henry aduertising him that for the loue he bare to the noble feates of Cheualrie hee coulde imagine nothyng eyther more honorable or commendable to them both than to meete in the fielde eache parte with an honored Knyghtes and Esquiers all beeyng Gearlemenne bothe of name and armes armed at all poyntes and furnished with Spears axes swordes and daggers and there to fyghte and combate to the yeeldyng and euery person to whome God shoulde sende victorie to haue hys prisoner and hym to raunsome at hys pleasure offeryng hymselfe with hys companye to come to hys Citie of Angulesme so that the Kyng woulde come to the laundes of Burdeaux and there defende this chalenge The Kyng of Englande grauely aunswered heerevnto The answere of king Henrye that hee maruelled why the Duke vnder couloure of doyng deedes of armes for a vayne glory woulde nowe seeke to breake the peace betwixte the Realmes of Englande and Fraunce hee beeyng sworne to mayneteyne the same peace sithe hee myghte further vnderstande that no Kyng annoynted of verie duetie was bounde to aunswere any chalenge but to his peere of equall state and dignitie and further declared that when oportunitie serued hee woulde passe the Sea and come into hys Countrey of Gascoigne with suche companie as hee thoughte con◅eniente and then myghte the Duke sette forwarde with hys bande for the accomplishing of hys couragious desire promising hym in the word of a Prince not thence to depart til the Duke eyther by fulfulling his owne desyre in manner aforesayde or by singular combate betweene them two onely for auoyding of more effusion of Christian bloud shoulde thynke hymselfe fully satisfyed To this and muche more conteyned in the Kynges aunswere the Duke replied and the Kyng agayne reioyned not withoute tauntes and checkes vnfitting for theyr estates The Duke of Orleaunce offended hyghly as hee myghte seeme agaynste the Kyng of Englande The duke of Orl◅ance besiegeth Vergi in Guyenne with an armye of sixe thousande menne entred into Guyenne and besieged the Towne of Vergy whereof was Capitaine Sir Roberte Antelfielde a right hardye and valiante Knyghte hauyng with hym onely three hundred Englishmenne whyche defended the fortresse so manfully that the Duke after hee hadde layne there three monethes and lost many of his men without honor or spoyle returned into Fraunce After this the Admirall of Britaine highly encouraged for that the last yeare he had taken certaine English Shippes laden with wines acompanyed with the Lord du Chastel a valiant Baron of Britaine and twelue hundred men of armes sayled forth with thirtie Shippes from Saint Malos and came before the Towne of Dartemouth and woulde haue landed but by the puissance of the Townesmen and ayde of the countrey they were repulsed in the whiche conflict The Lord du Chastel slaine the Lorde du Chastel and two of his breethren with foure hundred other were slayne and aboue two hundred taken prisoners and put to their raunsomes amongst whome the Lorde of Baqueuille the Marshall of Britaine was one Owen Glendouer wasted the English marches All this Sommer Owen Glendouer and his adherents robbed brent and destroyed the Coūtreys adioyning neere to the places where hee haunted and one while by sleight and guilefull policie an other while by open force he tooke and slew many Englishmen brake downe certaine Castels which hee wanne and some he fortified and kept for his owne defence Iohn Trenor Byshop of Assaph considering with himself how things prospered vnder the hāds of this Owen fledde to him and tooke his parte againste the King About the same tyme the Britaines and the Flemings tooke certayne Shippes of ours laden with merchandice Crueltie of the Britaines and Flemings and slewe all the Marriners or else hanged them The Countes of Oxforde Also the olde Countesse of Oxford mother to Robert Vere late Duke of Ireland that dyed at Louaine caused certain of hir seruaunts and other suche as she durst trust to publish and brute abrode K. Rich. once againe aliue through all the parties of Essex that Kyng Richarde was aliue and that hee woulde shortlye come to lighte and clayme hys former estate honor and dignitie She procured a greate number of Hartes to be made of siluer and golde suche as King Richarde was wonte to giue vnto his Knightes Esquiers friendes to weare as cognisances to the ende that in bestowing them in King Richardes name shee might the sooner allure men to further hir lewde practises and where the fame wente abroade that King Richarde was in Scotlande with a great power of Frenchmen and Scottes readie to come to recouer his Realme many gaue the more lightly credite vnto this brute thus sette forth by the said Countesse Serlo one of K. Richardes chamber The perswasions also of one Serlo that in times past was one of king Richards chamber greatly encreased this error for the same Serlo hearing in Fraunce whither he was fledde that his master King Richarde was in Scotland aliue conueyed himselfe thither to vnderstand the troth of that matter and finding there one indeede that greatly resembled him in all liniaments of body but yet was not the man himselfe as he well perceyued vppon malice that hee bare to King Henry aduertised by letters sente vnto diuers of King Richards friendes that hee was aliue indeede and shortly woulde come to shew himselfe openly to the world when he had once made his way ready to recouer his Kingdome to the confusion of his enimies and comfort of his friends These forged