Selected quad for the lemma: land_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
land_n	island_n	lie_v	south_n	5,603	5	9.7081	5	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A90869	A compendious view, or Cosmographical, and geographical description of the whole world. With more plain general rules, touching the use of the globe, then bave been yet published. Wherein is shewed the situation of the several countries, and islands: their particular governments, manners, commodities, and religions. Also a chronology of the most eminent persons, and things that have been since the creation, to this present: wherein you have a brief of the gospel, or a plain, and easie table, directing readily where to find the several things, that were taught, spoke, done and suffered, by Jesus Christ, throughout the said gospel. The which is not onely pleasant, and delightful; but very useful, and profitable; for all. But cheifly for those who want, either time, to read, or money to buy, many books. / By Tho. Porter.	Porter, Thomas, fl. 1654-1668.	1659 (1659)	Wing P2998A; Thomason E1863_2; ESTC R210226	74,944	154

parallels which are called Artificial Parallels for that they shew the difference of Artificial Dayes the use of which is to shew the Climates Of Climates A Climate is a space of Earth included within two of the Artificial or lesser parallels and are declared and set forth in the Circumference of the Eastern Planisphere of the Map The use thereof is to shew the length and shortnesse of the Day in all the several parts of the World Now under the Equinoctial line and 10 Degrees on North and as many on the South-side thereof the dayes exceed not the length of 12 hours but afterwards they increase the length of half an hour in every Clime till they come to 24 hours without night and are so marked shewed or declared as you may see in the utmost Circumference of the Map which length atteined they increase no more by hours but by weeks and moneths until they come to the length of half a year so as there are two sorts of Climates that is to say 24 North and as many South from the Equator touching the names of which we will refer you to larger Volumes and discourses By which it appears that they who dwell under the same Latitude of the Poles have the same length of day and night But to them on the South of the Equator the day is shortest then with us on the North it is at the longest and our Winter is their Summer and so contrariwise their Winter is our Summer c. Of the Tropicks The Tropick of Cancer or the Crab is a Circle or rather for distinction a double Circle or Line which is distant from the Equinoctial or middle Lines towards the North about 23 degrees and a half Now when the Sun is come thither which is on the 11th of June then is the day longest with us who live on the North of the Equator and shortest to them on the South thereof This Line passeth through New Spain Arabia and India The Tropick of Capricorn is a like Circle to that of Cancer and is distant from the Equator 23 degrees and a half towards the South being just as much as Cancer is towards the North when the Sun is gone down thither which on the 12 or 13 of Decemb. then are the dayes shortest with us who dwell on the North and longest with them who dwell on the South thereof This Line passeth through Ethiopia the Lower and Peru. The Arctick or North-Polar Circle is a like Line or Circle as the Tropick of Cancer and it is distant from the North Pole 23 degrees and a half It passeth through Tartary Norway Greenland and some part of the unknown Land as you may see in the Map The Antarctick or South Polar Circle is a like Line or Circle to the North Polar Circle and is distant from the South Pole 23 degrees and about a half being just so much as the North-polar Circle is distant from the North-pole and passeth through the South unknown Land Of Zones Now the use of these four Circles of Cancer Capricorn the Arctick and Antarctick are to shew the five parts called Zones whereof there are two temperate the one North the other South two frozen or cold one of them also North and the other South and one hot or scorched The North temperate Zone is that part or space conteined between the Tropick of Cancer and the North-Polar Circle The South temperate Zone is that space contained between the Tropick of Capricorn and the South-polar Circle They are called temperate because the Air thereof is more moderate and of a better temper being neither so very hot as the scorched Zone nor so extream cold as the frozen Zones The torrid burnt or hot Zone is that space conteined between the two Tropicks of Cancer and Capricorn and is continually scorched with the Sun which doth alwayes pass over it afflicting it with a marvellous heat and down-right Rays the breadth hereof comprehendeth 47 degrees or 2820 miles every degree being 60 miles as hath been said already The North Frigid frozen or cold Zone is that space conteined within the Arctick or North-Polar Circle the breadth whereof from the very Pole it self is 23 degrees and a half which is 1410 miles The South frigid frozen or cold Zone is that space or part between the Antarctick or South Polar Circle and hath the same breadth as the North Frozen Zone hath from the North-Pole namely 23 degrees and a half or 1410 miles The Division of the World The World is commonly divided into the known and unknown parts the latter whereof we will pass by forasmuch as time and opportunity hath not discovered it and onely refer you to the Map by which you may see that it lyeth towards the Poles but chiefly towards the South-pole The known World is divided into these four parts EUROPE ASIA AFRICA AMERICA and each of these conteine several Countries and Islands EUROPE Contains England Ireland Scotland and their Isles Spain Portugal France Italy Germany Holland Denmark and Norway Swedland Poland Hungary Slavonia Transilvania Greece Dacia Russia and their Isles ASIA Contains Natolia Syria Palestine Arabia Caldea Assyria Mesopotamia Turcomania Media Persia Tartary Shiria India and many Islands AFRICA Comprehends Egypt Barbary Numidia Libia the land of Negroes upper and lower Ethiopia with divers Islands AMERICA Or the New World not to speak of it as some divide it into North and South for by the Map you may see how it lies the several Countries comprehended therein are Estotiland Terra Corterealis Canada New Scotland Norumbega New England New Netherland Virginia Florida New Albion New Spain Guatimalia Golden Castile Paria Guiana New Granada Peru Chile Paragnay Brasile and many Islands as Hispaniola Cuba Jamaica and divers others as you will find in their proper place Of the Winde It is a hot and dry Exhalation drawn into the air by the power of the Sun and by reason of the weight thereof being driven down is carried side-long about the Earth but this must be understood of general windes which blow over all the Earth or at the least some great Countries For there are a second sort of winds which are peculiar onely to some Countries and those not very large which are begot on this manner It is confessed that in the Globe of the Earth there are wonderful holes wherein when air aboundeth and cannot abide to be shut up findeth some little hole or as it were a mouth to breathe or break out at In or about those Countries bloweth vehemently but that force extendeth not far for it is like wind that cometh out of Bellows This winde therefore differeth from the general winds both in substance and quality for the matter of them is an exhalation and the quality such as the nature of the exhalation very airy but not indeed air There is also a third sort of wind which is a gentle and cool moving of the air coming from no certain place yet is felt

Iron all of them mixt with Lead good plenty of Beasts and Birds both tame and wild also Fish and Bees without flings breed here in abundance But there is a kind of Fly or Gnat which doth offend the Inhabitants Herein also is a Tree which is planted and drest as a Vine which is reported to have 40 several sorts or kinds of Leaves fit for divers uses for they make of them Mantles Shooes Paper and many other things From the top comes a juice like Sirrup which if purified becomes Sugar if boyled Honey And there is a Mountain called Propocampeth in the Province of Mexico which sends out streams of fire like Mount Aetna in Sicilia and another in the Province of Guatimalia which casteth forth two streams of fire the one of black Pitch and the other of red Guatimalia is bounded on the South with Castella del Oro or Golden Castle on the North-West with New-Spain and the rest with the Sea as appeares in the Map It is divided into these six Provinces 1. Guatimalia specially so called is mountainous but wanteth not Rivers by reason whereof it hath not onely good plenty of Fish but much good Pasture well stored with Cattle nor is it barren in Maize Wheat and other Provision plenty of Cotton-Wooll many Apothecaries Drugs some Balsoms and good Sulphure 2. Hundura is full of Hills and Valleys fruitful in Maize and Wheat but not much Campaign very rich in Pastures by reason of the overflowing of their Rivers The people are so idle that they had rather feed on Roots then labour to till the ground 3 Chiapa is not very fit for most kind of Fruits nor Corn the Trees are bigger then in other places as Cypress Cedars Pines and Oaks and whole Woods of Walnuts but they not so big as in Europe The Countrey is full of venomous Creatures of which the Snakes are none of the least for offence nor greatness some of them being reported to be twenty foot in length Many of their Trees do not onely afford Rozen and some pretious Gums but also some whose leaves being dryed to a Powder make a good Plaister for exulcerating Sores There is likewise a Spring in the Cantred of Tafixa which in Winter is dry and in Summer full of water 4. Verapaz is full of Hills and Vallies most overgrown with thick and large Woods which so hinder the Wind that they have Rain for near nine moneths in the year by reason whereof their Fruits are much annoyed with a kind of Gnats but they have good store of Fish and some of the Trees drop Amber some Mastick and others Gums They have also many Medicinal Woods 5 Veragua is neither fit for Pasture nor Tillage because both barren and mountainous yet yieldeth Maize and Hearbs but the want of other necessaries is supplyed with Aurum Potabile Silver and such never fading Mines of Gold that the Spaniards think themselves able to cure all Diseases and supply all wants 6 Incargua is well stored with Cattle and Trees though little Corn and but few Rivers the want whereof is supplyed by a great Lake called Nicaragua which ebbs and flowes as the Sea wherein are good store of Fish and many Crocodiles it is said to have as many Parrots as England hath Crows also plenty of Sugar-canes and Cotton-Wooll Castella del oro or Golden Castle is bounded on the East with the Gulf of Venezala and some part of Paria on the West with some part of Guatimalia and Mare Del Zur on the South with New-Granada and on the North with Mare Del Nort It is divided into these five parts 1 New-Andalusia is mountainous and full of Woods wherein are good store of Gums Rozen and some kind of Balsoms The soil is very moyst through the abundance of Rain which falls thereon so as few of our European Fruits come to good 2 Martha is so mountainous and barren that it is not fit for Pasture or Tillage yet doth it produce Pomgranates Lemmons and other Fruits that are brought out of Spain The Air on the Sea-coast is sealding hot but in the midland parts cold because some Mountains are alwayes covered with Snow some of which the Marriners discern 30 Leagues at Sea and by reason of these Hills the Inhabitants do pretty well preserve their liberty in despight of the Spaniards 3 Panama lyeth in the narrowest part of the Isthmus or Straights which joyn both the Peninsulaes together The Air hereof is very hot and foggy but especially from May to November and therefore not healthful The soil is either mountainous and barren or low and miry unfit for grain so as it yields nothing but Maize and but little of that but it is better for Pasture 4 Darien the Air is good and the soil so fruitful in the increase of Melons and other Fruits that they are ripe within 20 dayes after they are sown and here are Fowl and Beasts in great plenty the like not heard of in o●her parts 5 De la Hatha hath very good Salt divers Mines of Gold some gems of much value And the Soil is fruitful in such Plants as are brought from Spain Paria is bounded on the East with Guiana on the West with the Gulf of Venezala on the South it is not discovered and on the North it hath Mare Del Nort It is divided into these two parts 1. Cumana so far as it is discovered is neither pleasant nor rich covered with Bushes and Briers but is in esteem for an excellent Salt that is found near the Bay of Carico in great abundance The people are treacherous high-minded and revengeful accustomed to use poysoned Arrows which they venome with Snakes bloud and other mixtures They have many Wives which they prostitute to the Piacos or Priest for the first nights lodging They also put strange colours on their bodies instead of garments and like black Teeth so well that they take great pains to make them so And are singular from others not onely in fencing their Ground or Orchard with a Cotton-thread as high as the middle with an Opinion that whosoever goes under over or breaks it shall die immediately but also in feeding on Spiders Horse-Leeches Worms Grashoppers and the like 2. Venezala is so plentiful of Grain Cattle and Fruits that it doth not only supply themselves but spareth the Neighbouring Nations such store of wheat Meal Swines flesh Fish Oxen Hides and Cotton-Cloth that it is called a Granary The Women are trained up to leap ride run and swim as we●l as the men and do not onely look to the hou●e but till the Land whilest the men fish and hunt Guiana is bounded on the East with some part of the Atlantick Ocean and Brasile on the West with part of Par●a and some undiscovered Countries which lye b●tween it and ●eru on the South with a good part of the River Amazons and on the North with some part of the River Oronoque and Mare Del Nort or the Atlantick Ocean The

  7 F   8 E D 9 C   70 B   1 A   2 G F 3 E   4 D   5 C   6 B A 7 G   8 F   9 E   80 D C 1 B   2 A   3 G   4 F E 5 D   1686 C   year it declareth that year to be Leap-year Note When you come to the year 1686 which is the last year in the Table you must begin again and must call the year 1659. 1687. and so continue the Table for ever The use of the perpetual Almanack HAving by the former directions found the Sunday letter look in the Almanack what day of the week standeth under that letter for that is the day of the week representeth by the figures under every moneth Example 1659 the Sunday letter is B under which is Friday therefore the figures 18. 15. 22. 29. which stand under April and July doe represent the Fridayes of those moneths so likewise the figures 4. 11. 18. 25. which stand under March November and February do represent the Fridays in those moneths and so of the rest And the Fridayes in every moneth of the year being thus discovered the other dayes are easily known for if the fourth of March or the first moneth be Friday the fifth must be Saterday the 6th Sunday the 7th Munday the 8th Tuesday c. Onely Note that if it be Leap-year there are two Sunday letters each of which will give you a several day as in the year 1660 the Sunday letters are A G the letter gives me Saturday which serves for January and February and G gives me Sunday which serveth for all the year after A Definition Explanation and Description of several Names or Terms of Water and Land THe Terrestrial or Eartly Globe is defined to be a Spherical or round Body proportionably composed of Earth and Water A Figure of which you have expressed at a corner of the Map The Earth is first to be considered and is affirmed by the latest best and most ●●arned Writers to be in compasse 21600 English 〈◊〉 and plainly appears thus Every of the greater Circles contein 360 degrees every degree being accounted 60 English miles let 360 be multiplyed by 60 and the sum or product will be 21600 as was aforesaid The Earth is divided into real and imaginary parts and these usually and commonly into Continents and Islands A Continent is a great quantity of Land not separated or enterlaced by any Sea from other parts of the World in which are conteined many Countries or Kingdoms as Europe Asia or as the Countryes of France Germany Tartary or the like An Island is a part of Land environed or encompassed round about with Water as England and Scotland together or as Ireland alone And these are subdivided or again divided into Peninsula's Isthmus and Promontories A Peninsula is almost an Island that is to say a Tract or part of Land which is but almost encompassed with Water being joyned to the firm Land by some little part of Land or Isthmus as Morea in Greece c. An Isthmus is a little narrow neck of Land which joyneth any Peninsula to the Continent as the straights of Corinth in Greece and Dariena in America A Promontory is a high Mountain which shooteth it self into the Sea the utmost end of which is called a Foreland or Cape as the Cape of Good-hope Cape Verde in Africa and St. Michaels Mount in England There are also other real parts of the Earth as Plains Vallayes Hills Woods and the like but these are so well known by every one that they need no explanation The second real part of the Globe is Water which is divided into Ocean Sea a Straight a Creek or Bay and Lake 1 The Ocean is a general collection of Water which environeth or encompasseth the Earth on every side 2. The Sea is a part of the Ocean to which we cannot come but through some straight as the Mediterraneum sea the Black-sea the Red-sea c. Now it is plain and certain that divers and sundry names have been given to the Sea as well as to the Earth taken either from the Contries and places adjoyning to or watered by it as the Brittish-sea the Spanish-sea the Indian-sea c. or from the divers Climates Situation or parts of the World from whence came the North-sea the East-sea the West-sea the South-sea Mare del Nort Mare del Zur The Sea which floweth between Europe Africa and Asia is called the Mederiterraneum or Mid-land Sea because it lyeth as it were between the aforesaid places She hath sometimes her name from the colour as the Red-sea which also called Arabian Gulf not that the Water is red but the Red sand which lyeth under it make it to appear so Moreover it takes its name oftentimes from the nature effects and events of things as appears in that which did be fal the Spaniard in the Sea between Spain and the Canaries or fortunate Islands for they carrying over a great company of Mares to put in the places they had taken which were destitnte of them that they might there increase and multiply and because by tempest they were drowned in the Sea they called it the Gulf of Mares About the North-pole it is called the frozen Sea because it is there almost alwayes frozen 3. A Straight is a part of the Ocean restrained within narrow bounds and opening a way to the sea as the Straights of Gibralter and the Straights of Magellaniea 4. A Creek or Bay is a crooked shore thrusting out as it were two arms to embrace the sea as the Corinthian and Persian Creeks also Button's and Hudson's Bay 5. A Lake is a great Collection or gathering of Water which hath no visible entercourse with the sea as the Lake of Lough-Neauh in Ireland the Dead-sea in the Land of Canaan and the Caspian-sea though by reason of the bigness of the two last they are called seas And hereunto belong Rivers Brooks and the like which are so well known by every man that we will pass them over without more ado Of the flowing and ebbing of the Sea You must know that it is not always alike for in divers places it doth encrease for the space of 6 whole hours and decrease as many but in the Promontory of Erithrem in Africa commonly called Cabo Rosso it increaseth 4 hours and decreaseth 8. In divers places it keeps alwayes at one state without ebbing or flowing And so at the Cape called Das Palmas it runs still towards the East although by vertue of the first mobile or chief moveable and of the Moon the whole Sea seems to move towards the West Notwithstanding when by interposition of the Earth she is hindred from her natural course it cometh to pass that her course is variable not onely in the aforesaid places but also in many others For the same cause it is that about Florida the Sea runs still towards the North without any return and

Magus was at Rome Truth shows But now they are Papists and straightly kept thereto by the cruel bloody Inquisition so as they dare not hearken to any other though never so good reason be given for it Of the Isles belonging to Italy CORSICA which is hard to be come at being enclosed on all sides with cliffs and within for the most part mountainous and therefore yields not much grain only in some parts where the Countrey openeth it self and is watered with Rivers and maketh it fruitful It hath good Wines great store of Honey Figs Oyl Rozin SARDINIA the Ayr hereof is rough and unwholsom but neither Serpent nor Wolf nor any other venomous or hurtful Beast but the Fox only and a little Creature like a Spider which will by no meanes endure the Sun except held by violence it aboundeth in Fruit Wine Wheat and some Mines and affords great store of hunting because it hath good plenty of Bores and Deer SICILIA hath a good Air and fruitful Soyl and the Corn yields abundance of Increase It hath plenty of Fruits great store of Honey Sugar Oyl Wines Saffron Salt Allum It produceth precious stones as the Emraud Jasper and Marble-stones and as well stored with Mettals for it hath Gold Silver and Iron as also great Herds of Oxen and other Cattle And herein is the Mount Aetna which some have taken to be Hell and ignorant Papists Purgatory because it sends forth continually streams of fire which the brimstone there causeth as is affirmed by good Authours There be some other Isles of small note which we will passe by GERMANY is bounded on the East with Poland and Hungary on the West with France and the Low-Countries on the South with Itaely and on the North with part of Denmark and the Baltick or Swedish Sea In the midst hereof lyeth Bohemia in which stands Prague where the Emperour commonly keeps his Court it hath many stately Towns well fortified and furnished with so many Castles and Villages such abundance of people and such politick Government that she may compare with any The Soil is fruitful in Corn and Wine it hath many Navigable Rivers stored with plenty of Fish most excellent Fountains and hot Baths Mines of Copper Lead Tin Iron and some of Silver and Gold It hath many learned men very skilful in all Sciences and mechanical Arts. They were the Inventers of Gun-powder and of the Noble Art of Printing Their Women are of a good Complexion but much given to eating and drinking and so apt to fatness The Title of the Father descends to all the Children so that the Sonne of a Lord is a Lord which verifies the Italian Proverb That the Dukes and Lords of Germany the Dons of Spain the Nobility of Hungary the Monsieurs of France the Knights of Naples the Lairds of Scotland the Bishops of Italy and the younger Brethren of England make a poor Company In Religion they are reckoned for Protestants HOLLAND or the 17 Provinces of the Low-Countries is counted a part of Germany the Air is now more wholsom then formerly for through the industry of the people it is much drained And in it are many Rivers as the Rhine Mosella Mosa and the Escant plentifully stored with Fish Here is also plenty of Corn and Cattle many great Towns rich and well peopled The Inhabitants are witty for to them we are indebted for the making of Cloth Clocks Chariots Pictures in Glasse Watches and laying of Colours in Oyl They perfected the Marriners Compass and have many Pilots well practised in the Art of Navigation They are industrious in all Sciences and Mechanical Arts and have had a name for the Art Military They are said to be mindless of good turns and injuries done unto them The first too true the latter I fear not true enough Their Women are of a good Complexion and well proportioned though their Habit do not set them out so well as the French familiar and active for unto their good Hou●wifery are we beholden for the making of Tapestries Woosted and Says From hence are sent all sorts of Commodities as Fl●x Linnen-Cloth all kind of twisted Thread Cables Ropes and other Ammunition belonging to Ships Butter Cheese Fish Tapes and much Drapery Ware Scarlet Taffeties Silks Velvets and divers others though not many of their own growth but most of the Stuffs fetched from other parts and by them made up and so carried into other Countries Their Religion in the general is the reformd though they suffer all and in Flanders and Artois they are Papists DENMARK and NORWAY we reckon both together for that they belong to the King of Denmark Towards the East they border upon Sweden on the South upon Germany and on the West and North with the Sea That part called Norway affords but little Corn and the North thereof none at all so that the poorer sort are sain to use Stock-fish dryed instead of Bread as they do in Ice-land and have no night for almost three moneths together The people generally are of good stature and complexion healthful and long lived for though they eat and drink much yet have they good digestions In managing their Affairs they are subtil strict in executing Justice peremptory in maintaining their Opinions good observers of their Words and Contracts reasonable good Souldiers but given to vaunting Their Women are very fruitful in bearing Children but not delivered without great pain Of Complexion they are fair and are discreet in managing their Houshold Affairs In Religion they are Lutherans or Protestants and their Church Government is by Arch-Bishops and Bishops Their Commodities are Oxen Barley Malt Stock-fish Tallow Nuts Tackling for Ships as Masts Cables Train-Oyl rich Furs Deal-Boards Pitch Tar and such like Of the Islands in the North-Sea belonging to the King of D●nmark ice-ICE-LAND is situated for the greater part under the Arctick Circle as you may see in the Map so called for the abundance of Ice unto which it is subject being constantly frozen for about 8 moneths and is so vehemently cold with the North wind that it affords neither Corn nor Trees except Juniper yet there is grasse in good plenty as also Horses Oxen and Kine without horns sheep white Ravens white Faulcons white Beares and white Hares but the people are said to live on that which Nature gives them without help of Art more then the making of Butter and Cheese They use neither Physitian nor Physick and yet it is reported that many of them live to 150 years of age few of them but have some familiar spirit They have Necessaries brought to them by the Merchant who hath given him in return thereof sometimes Beeves and Muttons but more ordinarily Brimston Skins Horses Butter and Fish chiefly And notwithstanding the cold condition of this Countrey it is full of heats and fires under the ground occasioned as is most probable by those veins of Brimston on which the Hills stand There is no difference between the Habits of

and use painting to keep themselves in favour with their Husbands for if once they grow wrinckled they are put to all the drudgery of the House Both Sexes for the most part apply themselves in their habits to the State under which they live Such as live under the Venetians to theirs and those under the Turks to theirs The Christian Religion doubtless was once planted here by St. Paul as appeares Act. 16. 12. but now they are much swarved from it many of them being trained up from their Infancy in the Mahometan Rites or rather Fopperies The Soil is very fruitful and yields good profit to the Husbandmen if they would take pains to till it but they knowing nothing certainly to be their own being all at the mercy of the Grand Signeur and his Souldiers neglect the manuring thereof Their Commodities are Turkish Grograins Damask Velvets Wine Oyl Vitriol divers Colours Copper some Gold and Silver Of the Isles in the Mediterranean Sea near and sometimes belonging to Greece 1. Candia is mountainous yet yields good store of corn and grass and divers Fruits as Olives Orenges Lemmons Figs Citrons Wax Honey Saffron Gum Vines and Malmsey is said to be made only here And as Pliny relates whatsoever grows here is better then any of the same kind that groweth elsewhere It is also reported that here are neither Serpents Foxes Woolfs nor any harmful Creature except Spiders 2. Corfu the Air is temperate and gentle so that there are whole VVoods of Citron-Trees Orenges Apples Olives Grapes and all kind of Fruit but no good Corn by reason of the Southern wind which dries it before it be ripe 3. Zant hath a wholsom Air and fruitful soil and yields good store of Oil Raisins Wine and Corn. There are divers other small Isles which we must passe by DACIA is bounded on the East with the Euxine or Black-sea on the West with Hungary and Sclavonia on the South with Greece and on the North with Poland It is very fruitful in Grasse Wood Wine and Corn but not so good for Tillage as Pasture It also affords great plenty of Beeves and Muttons with which they supply not only the great City of Constantinople but part of Poland also In matters of Religion they allow the Dictates of the Greek Church and obey the Patriarch of Constantinople They are a rough-lived people hard to be civilized not fully weaned from the superstitions of the Gentiles swearing by Jupiter and the like They marry and unmarry at their pleasures are much given to Magical Charms and bury with their dead both Cloaths and Victuals for their relief in that long Journey to the other World RUSSIA or MOSCOVIA is a good part in Asia and is bounded on the East with Tartaria on the West with Sweden on the South with the Euxine or Black-sea and on the North with the Petzork North or Frozen Sea a vast Countrey and as wild a Government The people are reported to be crafty perfidious and deceitful in their bargains making no reckoning of their Promises studying wayes to evade their Agreements and both Parents and Children unnatural endeavouring to domineer over one another giving much to drinking strong of body thick and short broad-bearded gray-eyed and very swift in running The common people live in great subjection to the Nobles and they are in as much slavery to the Duke or Emperour And it is the fashion of their Women to love those Husbands best who beat them most and think themselves not loved or regarded unless they be soundly swadled The Countrey is not so populous as spacious but is very much filled with Woods amongst which are the greatest and tallest Trees in the World some whereof are reported beyond belief which is a good help against the coldness of the Air that the greatest part of the Countrey is subject unto Nature also hath stored them with rich Furs Sables White Fox Martines Honey Wax Pitch Tar Rozen Whales Grease Hides of Oxen Elks Hemp and Flax as also Cattle Corn and Fruit. In Profession they are Christians and follow the Greek Church having a Patriarch two Metropolitans and 18 Bishops and though they use Mass yet do they much differ from the Romish and Reformed Churches for they deny Purgatory and the proceeding of the Holy Ghost They also dissolve Marriage upon sleight occasions and divers other things The whole Region is subject to the Emperour of Russia Of the Islands belonging to Russia 1. Sir Hugh Willoughby's Land because he first found it out in the year 1553. and was thereabout found frozen to death the year following 2. New Zemia which is but little discovered and is said to have neither green boughs nor grass yet to harbour many Bears and the men hereof are very little As for knowledge of the most famous Cities and Rivers that are in this part I will refer you to the Map of Europe by which you will finde their situations also A View of ASIA or as we may call it the old World for that it was first inhabited as is by all allowed ASIA is separated from Europe by the Rivers Tanais and Duina and from Africa by that small and narrow part of Aegypt which lyeth between the Mediterranean and Red seas and is much bigger then Europe or Africa and excels them in Riches as Pearls of great price precious Stones and hot Spices which by Experience are found to be both good and wholsom This part hath been renowned by the first and second Monarchs of the World The length hereof is about 5200 miles and the breadth 4550. Herein man was not only created placed in Paradise or the Garden of Eden and seduced by Satan but also here was wrought the great work of man's Salvation by our Saviour Jesus Christ and here were done most of the Acts and Histories mentioned in the Old Testament and great part of those in the New The condition of those who profess the Christian Religion is sad and deplorable for it is both discountenanced and oppressed but not extinguished though all the chief Rulers be either Pagans or Mahometans for it is at present governed by these six great Monarchs 1. The great Cham of Tartary 2. The King of China 3. The King of Barma who governs most part of India beyond the River Ganges 4. The great Mogol whose Empire extendeth over all India on this side the River Ganges 5. The King of Persia And 6. The Turk But for the better understanding of the Babylonian Assyrian and Persian Monarchs which are often mentioned in Scripture we shall consider it as it is divided into its Regions 1. Natolia or Asia the lesse is bounded on the East with the River Euphrates by which it is almost parted from the Greater Asia but all the rest is encompassed with the Sea The Air is good and the soil is said to be furnished with very good Pasture which afford a special Race of Horses And as it hath formerly so it would still

afford plenty of Fruit were not the people idle and given to pleasure The greatest part professe the Christian Religion but are much over-powred by Mahometism which is prevalent here They are followers of the Greek Church and are all subject to the Patriarch of Constantinople except those of Isauria and Cicilia It hath been heretofore populous and replenished with goodly Cities but now many of them laid waste by Wars and Earthquakes The chief commodities hereof are VVine and Oyl 2. Syria is bounded on the East with the River Euphrates on the vvest with the Mediterranean Sea on the South with Canaan and on the North with Cicilia and Armenia the lesser The Christian Religion was first preached here by some of the dispersed Brethren as you may read Act. 11. and here the Disciples were first called Christians ver 26. But now here are Christians Pagans Mahometans and a Sect compounded of all called Drusians but the generality and all in Office embrace Mahometisme though the rest are tolerated yet they are subject to a Patriarch 3. Cyprus is situated in the Mediterranean Sea and aboundeth in Corn Oil vvine Honey Turpentine Cotton VVool Grograins Allum Salt Verdigreece and all kind of Mettals The people are strong nimble and of good civility Hospitable to their Neighbours and loving to all strangers Jews only excepted The Christian Religion was first preached here by St. Paul and Barnabas as appeares Act. 13. 4. but now they agree much with the Eastern Churches of the Greek Communion 4. Palestine the Holy Land Canaan or the Land of Promise for by all these Names it is sometimes called is bounded on the East with Mount Taurus on the vvest with the Mediterranean Sea on the South with part of Arabia and on the North with Syria The people in their best times stiff necked murmuring and much given to Idolatry before their coming out of Babylon And in point of Religion they were priviledged above all others had they made good use of it for here the Law was given by God the Gospel preached by Jesus Christ and confirmed by the miraculous operation of the Holy Ghost And if you would have a Description hereof see Deut. 8. where Moses hath done it to our hands but now through the negligence of the Inhabitants it comes short of that ancient fruitfulness yet the Air is neither extream cold nor scorching hot And it affords Olives Pomgranates Honey Figs Sugar-Canes Palm-Trees also Quails Partridges Geese swine and Hares but so troubled in many places with Mice and Rats that were it not for certain Birds which feed upon them as saith my Author it were impossible for them to have any Harvest 5. Arabia is bounded on the East with the Gulf of Persia on the vvest with the Red Sea on the South with the main Ocean and on the North with Syria and the River Euphrates The people are small of stature swarfie of complexion swift of gate given to spoil robbery and have hardly any dwelling place but in Arabia the Happy St. Paul first planted the Christian faith here as you may see Gal. 1. 17. But shortly after it was endeavoured to be supplanted by Mahomet who had his first Rise here which hath so over-spread that there are now hardly any Christians left except in Happy Arabia The Isles belonging to Arabia are first those in the Red sea which are about 12. And 2. those in the Persian Gulf and in the main Ocean but all small and not of account and therefore we will passe them by 6. Caldea is bounded on the East with some part of Persia on the vvest with Arabia Desart on the South with Assiria and on the North with Mesopotamia It is said to be so fruitful in some places that it would yield one hundred fold encrease and the worst 50 were it as carefully ordered as formerly But this is agreed on by those of the best Judgement both Divines and Geographers that herein is the Garden of Eden or that Paradise wherein man was placed by God And although the Countrey in general is exceeding fruitful yet in some places it is covered with a slimy matter with the overslowing of the water and nature of the soil together used by them in building instead of Morter as being more durable and was chosen for the Cement of the Tower of Babel Gen. 11. 3. The Faith I need not say the Christian because all other is rather fiction or fancy then true Faith was first preached here by St. Peter as himself hinteth 1 Pet. 5. 13. But at present there are only some remainers and those much corrupted being Jacobites but most Mahometans their chief City is Babylon which is said to be built by Nimrod the compass of the Walls are 46 miles in height 50 Cubits and of such breadth that Carts and Carriages might meet on the top of them but the repute hereof is now much lost 7. Assyria is bounded on the East with Media on the West with Mesopotamia on the South with Susiana and on the North with Caldea and Turcomania It is a plain and fruitful Countrey They have a Custom to expose their fairest Daughters to sale in the open Market and with that money put off those that were deformed St. Jude is said to preach the Gospel here first and it was so well rooted that it could not be plucked up though cruelly persecuted by the King of Persia and therefore he endeavoured to corrupt it By which means the Nestorians very much increase They differ much from other Christians In contracting Marriages they never see their Sweet-hearts but hearing a good report of her deal with her Parents for her and having agreed they meet in the Chancel of the Church wherein there is a partition with a hole in it The Bridegroom and his Friends stand on the one side and the Bride and hers on the other Then the Church-man bids the Bridegroom put his hand through the hole in the partition and take his Bride by the hand which being done the Mother of the Bride with a sharp-pointed Instrument pricketh the Bridegrooms hand with great eagerness If when he feels the smart he let her hand go they rake it for a sign that he will not love her but if he wring her till she cry they are glad that they have so well bestowed her 8. Mesopotamia is bounded on the East with the River Tigris on the vvest with Euphrates on the South with Arabia and Caldea and on the North it is separated from Armenia the bigger by the Mount of Taurus This is that Countrey as Historians conceive which in Scripture is called Paedan-Aram but this name is more peculiar to the North part because inhabited by the Aramites It is well stored with Corn Wine and other Necessaries for the Life of Man but the Southern part is barren and full of Desarts The Gospel was first preached here by Thadd eus one of the 70 Disciples but about the year 530 one Jacobus rose

if touched will shrink again into the Earth This is affirmed by some who say they have been Eye-witnesses and have touched some of the Rising-Members which if true is a Lecture of the certain Resurrection of the whole body that once a year is preached to these people The Inhabitants are of a tawny complexion and wit●y for to them we are indebted for the Invention of w●i●ing on Paper Physick Arithmetick Astronomy and Astrology But now they are greedy of Profit luxurious crafty cowardly and were the first who were given to Sorcery Their Women are exceeding fruitful some of them having 3 or 4 Children at a Birth The Gospel was first preached here by S. Mark as is granted by the best Historians but by the coming in of the Saracens and chiefly since the Turks Conquest the Christians have much decayed and those that remain are Jacobites of whom you have something in our Description of Asia Barbary is bounded on the East with Aegypt on the West with the Atlantick Ocean on the South with Mount Atlas and on the North with the Mediterranean Sea It hath many Hills well stored with Woods an● therefore here is no want of Wild-Beasts but they have scarce any Wheat so that the people live on Barley-bread yet that part near Mount Atlas hath many Rivers which arise from the aforesaid Mountain that do water it And it is stored with Sugar Oyl Honey some Mines of the best Gold all sorts of Apples Peaches Apricocks Figs Cherries and Pears And besides their beautiful Horses and other Cattle here are Leopards Lions Dragons and Apes in great plenty The people are inclining to blackness covetous of honour crafty unfaithful not willing to take pains studious in matters of their Law and some of the Liberal Sciences exceeding jealous of their Wives who have good features and comely bodies which they apparel most bravely thereby to make themselves more lovely in their Husbands eyes The Gospel was first preached here by Eutychus one of the 70 Disciples in Africa propria and in other parts by others But now Mahometism is wholly embraced so that there are no Christians except in some few Towns possessed by the Spaniards and Portugals This Countrey contains these 4 Kingdoms 1. Morocco 2. Fez. 3. Tremesin or Algiers And 4. Tunis The first of which hath a Church in the chief Town thereof a mile and half in compa●s and a Tower so high that as some affirm you may discern from the top of it the Hills of Azasi And here is also a Castle of great Fame for the Globes of pure Gold that stand on the top of it which are reported to weigh 130000 Barbary Duckets if my Author be not mistaken The Istes of Barbary in the Mediterranean Sea 1. Zerby is something Hilly in the middle but indifferent fruitful affording Dates Olives and the like 2. Chercheny formerly so fruitful that it was able to supply the wants of Caesar and his Army when he was wearied in Africa 3. Pantalaria whose Soil is not fit for Corn because both mountainous and stony yet well stored with Cotton Figs and Oxen without Horns 4. Malta anciently Melita as appears Act. 28. 1. for it was the place where St. Paul and those that were with him in the shipwrack got to Land It affords good store of Cotton Citrons Melons Pomgranates and such kind of Fruits Their Religion is that of the Church of Rome Numidia is bounded on the East with Egypt on the West with the Atlantick Ocean on the South with Lybia and on the North with Mount Atlas which parts it from Barbary It contains these 10 Provinces namely 1. Fessen 2. Tebelbeti 3. Zeb 4. Segelmesse 5. Talset 6. Bileduldgerid 7. Tegoida 8. Pes●ara 9. Fighid 10. Dara The people are Thieves and Murderers except the Arabians who are in mo●t parts mingled amongst them ●hose character you have in Asia it being their proper place and therefore we speak here only of the Natural Numidians whose food commonly is Dates Barley and ●ome say Carrion Their Garments are very short and the richer sort are distinguished with a blew Jacket of Cotton They ride on Camels without Saddles or stirrups a Leather being only put through a hole that is made in the Nose of the Beast The Air is said to be so sound that it cures the French Pox ●peedily without the help of Physick In matters of Religion they are Mahometans Lybia Desart is bounded on the East with the River Nilus on the West with the Atlantick on the South with the Land of Negroes and on the North with Numidia It is divided into five Provinces or great Desarts to which the rest of lesse nore are to be referred namely 1 Bordea 2 Lembta 3 Zuenzigae 4 Targa And 5 Zanhaga This Countrey is by some counted a part of Numidiae and indeed the people are as bad or rather worse then they It is a dry and sandy Countrey for in some parts it affords not water to a Traveller in seven dayes journey and therefore the Merchants are fain to carry water with them on Camels backs and if that fail they kill the Beasts and squeese water out of their guts The water which the Countrey affords is drawn out of Pits and is exceeding brackish and those Pits are sometimes so covered with Sand that men die with thirst And therefore the Land is not much inhabited so that it is fitly called Desart Terra Nigritarum or the Land of Negroes is bounded on the East with Nilus which divides it from Ethiopia Superior on the West with the Atlantick Ocean on the South with the Ethiopick Ocean and some part of Ethiopia Inferior and on the North with Lybia It contains 25 several Kingdoms namely 1 Guinea 2 Benin 3 Guangara 4 Ora Enterosa 5 Gualata 6 Gialosofi 7 Gubar 8 Ghenehoa 9 Melli 10 Sanaga 11 Casena 12 Cano 13 Agadez 14 Gambra 15 Tombu●um 16 Bornum 17 Gaoga 18 Nubia The rest of lesse note besides ●hose in Guinea are 19 Temiano 20 Zegzeg 21 Bico 22 Zanfara 23 Medra 24 Gothan And 25 Daum The whole Countrey is very hot because situated in the hot of scorched Zone but is indifferently well inhabited and very fruitful especially where the River Niger overflowes enriched with Mines of Gold and Silver and on the further side of the River Senega well stored with Corn Cattle and Woods wherein are Lions Elephants and other Wild-Beasts The people are Cele-black except those in the South part and use to paint the Devil white thereby declaring their love to their own Complexion They are destitute of Arts and Sciences and most abominably prone to luxury The greater part are Idolaters mixt with some Mahometans which I cannot say are much better only there are a few Christians in those Garrisons that belong to the Portugals And as the people differ in Religion if I may so call it so do they in their Language as well they may in so great a compass of ground wherein

are so many Kingdoms and Provinces The River of Niger spoken of before is found to have its Rise from a great Lake some two degrees from the Equinoctial or Line of the Sun whence running forward for a good space he hideth himself under ground for about 60 miles together then rising up again maketh a Lake called Borneo as you may see in the Map and then bendeth his course directly towards the West taking in many lesser Channels or Rivers and at last falleth into the Sea Of a much like length and of the same wonderful nature as the River Nilus for from the 15 of June it over-flowes all the adjoyning fields for the space of 40 days and in so many more recollecteth his Waters into their proper Channels The whole Countrey is indebted to these inundations for its fruitfulness which otherwise would be but little for the dryness of the Soil can afford no Exhalations whereby Clouds may be generated and the Earth refreshed with moistures or enlivened and revived with Dews The chief Commodities are Sanders Civet Ivory Sugar Mines of Gold and other Mettals Aethiopia-Superior or The Higher otherwise called Abissines is bounded on the East with the Red Sea and the Sea called Barbar●●● on the West with the River Nilus which parts it from the Land of Negroes on the South with the Mountains of the Moon and on the North with some part of Egypt It is situated on both sides the Equator and is governed by one of the greatest Emperors in the World who is by us called Prester John His Court remains not long in one place for some say it consists of 6000 Tents only which encompass 12 or 13 miles He is said by some to have 70 Kings under him who have their several Laws and Customs But Historians do much differ herein so as I am not satisfied The chief Kingdoms are 1 Dangali 2 Dobas 3 Adel 4 Tigremnon 5 Barnagasso 6 Guagere 7 Bagamedrum 8 Damut 9 Amara 10 Angote 11 Goiamy 12 Adea 13 Fatigar 14 Xoa And 15 Barus There are many others in the Imperial style but of little note and therefore we shall forbear to name them The Title which the chief Ruler or Emperour claims and takes to himself because both strange and arrogant I will here set down N. N. Supream of his Kingdoms and the Beloved of God the Pillar of Faith sprung from the Stock of Judah the son of David the son of Solomon the son of the Columne of Sion the son of the Seed of Jacob the sonne of the Hand of Mary the sonne of Nahu after the Flesh the son of St. Peter and St. Paul after the Spirit Emperour of the Higher and Lower Ethiopia of the most mighty Kingdoms Dominions and Countries of Xoa Goa Caffares Adea Vangne Balignazo c. and Lord of all the Regions to the Confines of Egypt The Air of this Countrey is very hot and the ground so parcht that the people are said to roast their meat in the Sun And therefore 〈◊〉 populous except in the Northern part and Sea-Coasts they have not much Wheat but plenty of Rice Barley Pease Sugar Orenges Lemmons Citrons Honey Minerals of all sorts and many Heards of Cattle as Oxen Sheep and Goats It is a good Countrey for increase were not the Inhabitants idle for they have plenty of Vines but make little Wine Flax but make no Cloth and Woods full of Venison which they trouble not themselves to catch being destitute of Learning and very base in Religion for though there be some Christians which are said to be first planted by St. Philip who baptized the Eunuch of Queen Candace yet now they much differ from their antient purity They circumcise both Sexes and after baptize them and keep the Saturday for Jewish Sabbath equal with the Lords Day They baptize themselves every Epiphany Day in Lakes and Ponds because they say that Christ was that day baptized of John in Jordan Aethiopia Inferior or Lower is on all sides begirt on the Sea except towards the North and there it is separated from the Abissines or Aethiopia Superior by the Mountains of the Moon It is so called because o● its lower situation and is governed by five chief Rulers or Kings each having a several Province belonging to him As first Monomotapa whose Air is temperate and Soil good and though it be full of Forrests yet are they well watered with Rivers that carry Gold in their Sands It hath also good store of Corn and Pasture wherein are many Heards of very large Cattle and such plenty of Elephants that they are said to kill 5000 yearly for their Teeth and herein are reported to be 3000 Mines of Gold The people are black of Complexion couragious strong active and so extream swift of foot that some say they will out-run Horses They may have as many Wives as they please but the first is chief and her Children only are Heirs In punishing offendors they use no Prisons but execute them as soon as apprehended and they use most severity to Witchcraft Theft and Adutery 2 Manicongo the Air is so temperate in Winter that they neither change their Garments nor make more fire than at other times The Day and Night for the greatest part of the year little differ The Soil is very fruitful and doth not only produce Fruits Plants and Hearbs but hath good Pasture also in which are bred many Herds of Cattle large Flocks of Sheep Stags Goats Conies Hares and Elephants so large that their Teeth weigh 200 pounds and Serpents of that bigness that they eat a whole Deer at once Here are Fowl also in great plenty both Tame and Wild. The people are said to have Shambles of mans flesh as we have for meat and they kill their Children in the birth to avoid the trouble of breeding them preserving their Nation with stollen brats from the adjacent Countries 4 Zanguebar is low and Fenny and much overflown with unruly Rivers and so full of Forrests and Woods that for want of Air it is very pestilent The people are black of Complexion very much given to South-saying indeed Witchcraft 4 Cafraia so much of it as is discovered is said to be plentifully stored with Heards of Cattle Flocks of Sheep great store of Foxes Deers Pheasants Partridges Geese Ducks and other Beasts and Fowl Also the Hills are as it were mingled with grassie Vallies stored with Forrests and Woods and in brief all things necessary for the use of man were it better stored with Corn. And pitty it is that the people of so good a Countrey should be so base and brutish that men can hardly say whether the people generally may be thought to be men in the Skins of Beasts or Beasts in the shapeand likeness of men In this Countrey stands the Cape of Good-Hope about which the Sea is alwayes dangerous it hath been so especially to the Spaniard in omuch that one was angry with God that he suffered the English