Selected quad for the lemma: land_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
land_n	island_n	lie_v	south_n	5,603	5	9.7081	5	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A77171	The martial-field of Europe being a geographical and historical description of those parts of Europe, which are most famous in this present war, viz. I. Flanders, II. The Rhine, III. Savoy, IV. Catalonia, V. Hungary, VI. Greece. With an account of the several revolutions of those places, either by conquest or treaties of peace, particularly from the treaty of Munster in 1648. to this present time. By A. Boyer, Gent.	Boyer, Abel, 1667-1729.	1694 (1694)	Wing B3916; ESTC R203420	162,311	286

in allusion to those of the Hellespont Their Figure is square environed with strong Walls mounted with good Cannon even with the Water All the Commodities that go out of the Gulph of Lepanto pay here a Toll which comes to about 3 per Cent. The Famous Sea-Fight of Lepanto in 1571. It was near the Gulph of Lepanto that a famous Sea-Fight was fought against the Turks Octob. 2. 1571. in which they lost above 30000 Men being the most bloody defeat they ever met with since the first establishment of their Empire Besides the slaughter the Christians took 5000 Prisoners amongst whom were the two Sons of Haly General of the Turkish Fleet. They took also 130 Galleys stranded burnt or sunk 90. and redeemed near 20000 Christian-Slaves Neither was the Booty less considerable for their Fleet pillaged all the Isles thereabouts and took many Merchant-Men This Battel was fought in the same Gulph were Augustus defeated Marck-Anthony and it is hard to say which of both was the most Glorious Victory The Christians lost 8000 Men the most considerable whereof was Barbarigo Commander of the left Wing The Christian Commander in chief in this Signal Combat was Don-John of Austria natural Brother to Philip II. King of Spain CHAP. VI. Morea MOrea is a Peninsule in vulgar English a demi-Demi-Island bounded Bounds on the North by the Isthmus or neck of land of Corinth that joins it to Achaia and by the Gulph of Lepanto and on the other sides by the Mediterranean Sea called Mare d' Jonia on the West Mare de Sapienza or of Candia on the South and Mare Egeo on the East It lies betwixt the 34 d. 40 m. and the 37 d. 30 m. of Northern Latitude Situation and betwixt the 44 d. 50 m. and the 48 d. 30 m. of Longitude being in length about 170 Miles from Castel-Tornese Tornese to the Cape of Schili about 160 in breadth from Corinth to Cape Matapan and in circumference about 550. This Country has had several Names Name it was anciently called first Argo or Argos from one of its Principal Cities afterwards Aegialeia from Aegialus a King of the Sicyonians afterwards Apia from Apis third King of Argos Then Peloponnesus from Pelops Son of Tantalus King of the Phrygians and at last Morea Authors differ much about the derivation of this name some think that it's shape like a Mulberry-Trees Leaf Lat. Morus and in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 made the last Emperours of Constantinople call it Morea Others derive it from the Word Romea which by a transposition of Letters was changed into that of Morea It being certain that as long as Constantinople was subject to the Roman Emperors that City was called New Rome and those of that Country Romeans as much to say Romans Doglioni is of another opinion and thinks the Moors gave their name to this Peninsula when they made Incursions into it There is no Country in Europe that can be parallell'd to this Peninsula Quality It s Air is clear wholesome and temperate It Soil Fertile and abounding with Corn Wine Olives and all manner of Fruits the most exquisite in the World and its Mountains full of Game and Medicinal Plants The Inhabitants Inhabitants are accounted Witty and Couragious There are in this Peninsula several famous Mountains Mountains viz. Foloe now Dimizana Cyllene Liceus Parthenius Meralus Sepia Cronia now Grevenos Mintia or Mente now Olonos Neris Nonacris Taigetus now Orta Of all these Mountains Cyllene is accounted the highest and Taigetus the most considerable as being full of Deer Bears Wild-Boars c. All these Mountains have been celebrated by the ancient Greek and Latin Poets The Principal Rivers Rivers in this beautiful Country are 1. The River Carbon formerly called Orsea Alpheus or Alpehius and Strimphalus or Nyctymus Fluvius so much famed for its Virtue of taking away the spots and blemishes of the Skin which besides 140 Torrents or Brooks receives the Rivers Celadon Erimanthus and Amarinthe The Poets feigned that it ran under the Sea into Sicily to be joined with the Waters of the Spring Arethusa because it goes often under the Ground and comes out always with more strength 2. Vasili Potamos formerly Eurotas Iris Hemerus and Marthaton which rises at the same place where the River Carbon has its Source and washing Misitra discharges it self in the Gulf of Colchine 3. Planizza formerly Inachus Haliaemon and Cravamor 4. Spirnazza formerly Stomius Pomylus and Panysus discharges it self into the Gulf of Coron near Calamata There are also the Rivers Linceus Astoria or Stella and Erasin which run with rapidity all along the Mount Stymphalus As also the Styx that flows at the foot of Mount Nonacris and which the Poets have feign'd to be a River of Hell because its Water tho' clear and agreeable to the sight is most fatal to those that drink it Peloponnesus after several Revolutions fell into the Hands of Emanuel a Greek Emperor about 1150. who at his Death having divided his Empire among his Seven Sons was thereby the Cause of its Ruin These Princes were called Despotes that is Lords or Governours they depended upon the Emperor both as to their Government and Election otherwise they were absolute and their Dignity almost Hereditary for it seldom hapned that the Emperor chused any Successor to the late Despote but his Son Brother or near Relation Constantine sirnamed Dragares Brother of Theodorus II. was Despote when Amurat made an Irruption into Morea The Greek Emperor stopt his fury by the Promise of a yearly Tribute Some time after Constantine being Crowned Emperor at Constantinople divided Morea between his two Brothers Demetrius and Thomas The Turks under Mahomet II. under the pretence of assisting Demetrius against Thomas took occasion of their Divisions to Invade their Estates and the Places the Venetians possessed in Morea which they accomplished without much Resistance after the Death of General Bertoldo d'Este whom the Republick had sent with a good Army to oppose them Since that the Turks kept here a Governour with the Title of Sangiac or Morabegi that is Lord of Morea under the Beglerbey of Greece This Sangiac made his ordinary Residence at Modon Morea is now under the Venetians since 1687. General Morosini having Reconquered the best Places in it viz. Patras Lepanto Castel-Tornese Corinth Misitra Napoli di Romania c. as you shall see in the particular Articles of each of those Towns he caused all the Churches that were Mosques before to be reconsecrated so that many Greek Families have left Achaia to settle in Morea and more than 12000 Inhabitants have resorted thither This Peninsule has at different times been variously divided Division In Pausanias's time it had but three Regions viz. 1. That of the Arcadians 2. That of the Achaians and 3. Lastly That of the Dorians After this Ptolomy and others divided it into Eight Parts viz. 1. Achaia Proper 2. Arcadia 3. Argia

Warriors and take much after the Germans Hungarians and Sclavonians for their Customs and Manners so that their Gentlemen are said to share with the first in their Drunkenness to imitate the second in their Pride and to be every whit as importunate as the last The Croates especially those called Vscokes are very swift and run up and down Mountains like Bucks with Shoes made of Cord on purpose Croatia is commonly divided into the Austrial and the Ottoman because the House of Austria and the Turks are Sovereigns thereof To the Emperor Segna Bish Sangrad To the Turks Wihitz or Pighiton Sissaken or Sisseg Velay Castanovitz I. Segna or Zeng Segna or Zeng is a strong City on the Bay anciently called Flanaticum now Quarnaro or Carnaro from the Mountain de Carnia and has over against it the Island of Veglia This is the Capital City of the Principality of Morlachia and a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Spalatro It is strong both by Art and Nature having vast Woods and Mountains behind it to the Land-ward so that an Army can hardly get to it and the Port is not capable of a great Fleet. About the year 1539. It was in the possession of the Count de Frangipani and was claimed by Solyman the Grand Seignior as a part of Hungary which he had then conquered in great part This forced Ferdinand the Emperor to take it into his own hands after which he entertained the Vschochi a set of Robbers like our Buccaneers who had like to have kindled a War betwixt the Turks and the Venetians The Coast about this Bay is full of small Islands Rocks and Creeks so that it has ever been a Receptacle for Pyrates Those Pyrates in time became 500 or 600 Men and did great damage to the Turks and to the Christian Merchants The Turks provok'd by the Injuries of these Buccaneers in the year 1592. began a War against the Austrian Dominions which lasted till the year 1602. In the year 1613. Fadre Paolo in his continuation of the History of the Vschochi tells us that this City consisted of three sorts of Men the Stipendarii or Listed Men which were 200 under four Captains the Casalini or Citizens which were then about 100 Families And the Venturini who were Fugitives from Turkey Dalmatia and Apulia their whole number not above 2000. Yet this handful of Men plagued the State of Venice from 1537 to 1616. The War I last mentioned lost the Empire of Germany Agria in 1596. and Canisa in 1602. In the year 1615. the Arch-Duke of Austria declared a War against the Venetians on the score of these Pyrates which drew the Dutch to assist them and this forced the Arch-Duke the next year to suppress this Nest of Pyrates so that they were never heard of since Segna stands 46 Miles nigh S. of Carolstad as many N. W. of Zara and 52 W. of Wihitz Long. 36 d. 39 m. Lat. 45 d. 1● m. II. Wihitz Wihitz or Pighiton is a very strong City seated on a small Lake by the River Vnna reckoned the Capital of Croatia It stands 44 Miles S. E. of Carolstat 52 almost N. of Zara and 84 nigh W. of Posega Long. 37 d. 44 m. Lat. 45 d. 18 m. III. Castanovitz Castanovitz is a good Castle on the River Vnna near the Borders of Bosnia 34 Miles W. of Gradisca It belonged to the Turks but was taken by Prince Lewis of Baden and submitted to the Emperor of Germany in 1688. Article XII Dalmatia DAlmatia is a Province lying on the Gulf of Venice Bounds part of the ancient Illyria It was anciently very large but is now more contracted It has Istria on the West Croatia and part of Bosnia on the North Servia and Albania on the East and the Gulph of Venice on the South Their Language is Sclavonick Language Religion Manners and their Religion for the most part Popery The People are Martial but ridiculous in their Divertisements History The Pope at a Council held by two of his Legates at Salone erected this Province into a Kingdom and invested Demetrius their Duke with Sword Scepter and Crown Anno 1076. Dioclesian the Persecuting Emperor was a Native of this Country whether he retired after his Abdication It was added to Hungary in 1310. together with some adjacent Provinces Dalmatia is divided into three parts as followeth The first belongs to the Venetians and comprehends Zara. Archbp. Cap. Nona Bish Zemonico Sebenico Bish Traw Bish Spalatro Archbp. Salone Clissa The second belongs to the Turks and compreprehends these opposite Places but the Venetians have of late conquered most of them Scardona Bish Narenca or Narenza Bish Trebigna Bish Castel-Nuovo Cattaro Bish Budoa Bish Antivari Archbp. Dulcigno Bish Scutari The third is the Republick of Ragusi in which are Ragusi or Dobronika Archbp. Stagno I. Zara. Zara Lat. Jadera is a very considerable Town and Port Capital of Dalmatia and an Archbishop's See It is environed by the Sea being joined to land only by a Draw-Bridg Besides this it is defended with six strong Bastions Ladislaus King of Naples who also took the quality of King of Hungary sold it with the depending Islands to the Venetians in 1409. to whom it belong'd before for they being assisted by Baldwin Count of Flanders and other Princes that were going to the Conquest of the holy-Holy-Land after Saladin's Death made themselves Masters of it in 1200. This City stands 116 Miles N. E. of Ancona 184 almost S. E. of Venice and 165 N. W. of Ragusa Long. 37 d. 20 m. Lat. 44 d. 34 m. II. Nona Nona Lat. Aenona is a well-fortified Town and Port of Dalmatia with a Bishoprick under the Archbishoprick of Zara It stands 35 Miles N. of Zara. III. Zemonico Zemonico was a strong hold of Dalmatia about seven Miles from Zara. The Venetians yielded it to the Turks in 1573. but in 1647. The Proveditor Foscoli observing how the Turks of that Garrison did annoy the Country all about resolved to beat them out of it which he did and then demolished the Fort. In 1682. The Turks designed to establish themselves there but were cut off by the Morlaques IV. Sebenico Sebenico Lat. Sebenicum Sicum is a small but strong City upon the Adriatick Sea with a Bishoprick under the Archbishop of Spalatro It has been under the Venetians since the year 1412. before which time it was a Sea-Port Town of Croatia It has a Castle and Fort built upon a Rock which has four times baffled the Ottoman Forces and is situate at the Mouth of the River Kerka 30 Miles N. W. of Spalatro and 44 S. E. of Zara Long. 38 d. 18 m. Lat. 44 d. 16 m. V. Traw Traw is a very strong and populous City a Sea-Port and a Bishoprick under the Archbishop of Spalatro It stands in a small Island of the same name but joined to the Continent by a Bridge it is subject to the Republick of Venice since 1420. and lies

Country digged it into an Island It is 70 Italian Miles in Compass abounds with Corn Wine Oyl Tobacco and all manner of Fruits This Island has 30 Villages and the City of Santa Maura which is environ'd by the Sea betwixt Lefcade and the Continent and is joined to this by several little Islands which communicate to one another by Bridges and by an Aqueduct supported by 360 Arches Its Walls are of an Eptogonal irregular figure flank'd with five great Towers to the East it has an Harbour called Damata General Morosini made himself Master of it in July 1684. IV. Cefalonia The Island of Cesalonia was formerly called Melena by some Samo or Same Dulichio Tilebi Casso and Chieffali by others It lies on the S. of Corfu and is 170 Italian Miles in compass It is very fruitful in Corn and Fruits The Trees bear twice in the year and the Wheat they sow in the spring is reap'd in June There grow also Lemons of an extraordinary bigness and great quantities of Raisins which are transported into England Besides several Villages and Boroughs there is a City that has the same name with the Island and the Fortress of Asso The CIty of Cephalonia is a Bishop's See its Cathedral is an Annex of that of Zanteg it is the Seat of the Governour who is a Noble Venetian with the Title of Proveditor The Fortress of Asso was built by the Venetians in 1595. on a very high steep Rock surrounded with the Sea so that it is accounted inaccessible The Fortifications are raised according to its Situation which is very Irregular this Fortress is joined to the Island of Cefalonia by a Neck of Land about 20 Paces broad This Island was freely given to the Venetians in 1224 by one ●ajus its Lord and Governour V. Teacchi Teacchi called Itaca by Strabo and Pliny Nericia Val di Compagno Val di Compare Cephalonia Picciola by others Tiachi by the Greeks and Phiacchi by the Turks lies on the N. E. of Cefalonia from which it is separated by a Channel 20 Italian Miles long and five broad This Island is famous in Antiquity for being the Country of Vlysses and the Residence of the Chast Penelope during the Siege of Troy The Inhabitants are 15000 in number which are Governed by one of the Citizens of Cefalonia sent thither every year with the Title of Capitan of Teacchi VI. Zante Zante was called Zacyn thus by the Ancients The North of this Island is full of Craggy steep Rocks but to the South it has fine delightful Plains covered with Fruit-Trees of all sorts Besides a great number of Villages there is a Town and Castle that bears the name of the Island with the Title of a Bishoprick and the ordinary residence of the Governour or Proveditor of the Island who is a Noble Venetian He has two Counsellors under him and the Place of all three lasts two years The Castle is built on a Hill that commands all the Island at the foot of the Town which stretches along the Sea side the space of two Miles They make there vast quantities of Raisins strong racy Wines and most excellent Oyls to the value of 50000 Ducats per An. Most of the Inhabitants are Grecians who profess the Greek Religion the Latins including the Soldiers make but an inconfiderable number There are about 3000 Jews who have there three Synagogue and thrive a very great Trade There are also some English Merchants most of them Protestant This Island is subject to frequent Earth-quakes which is the reason why they built their Houses generally but one Story high There are in this Island several Greek Churches and Religious Houses to the number of 44. under the Government of a Bishop who is to be chosen by the Greek Curates of all the Island None are admitted to that Dignity but those who have profest the Monastical Life of St. Basil which is the reason why there are here so many Houses of that Order The Bishop has no Revenue besides the free Gifts of the People and his Fees for Ordination both which amount to a considerable sum of Money This Island was sold to the Republick of Venice by Robert Tarente in 1350. with several other Islands VII Strivales Islands The Strivales are two little Islands called by Seamen Stamfane and by the Ancients Strophades Strivali Stromphides and Calydnes They stand low and almost reach to the Water their Haven is 50 Italian Miles distant from Cefalonia They are very small the greatest of the two not being above four Miles in Compass Yet they yield great quantity of Grapes out of which extraordinary good Wine is made There are no other Inhabitants but a sort of Monks called Caloyers who have Built their Convent like a Fortress defended with good Cannon to secure themselves from the Assaults of the Turks These Islands are famous in the Ancient Poets who feign'd them to be the Dwelling-place of the Harpies Article II. Islands in the Sea of Sapienza and Candia THere are in these Seas but three little Islands and two great ones called Cerigo and Candia The first of the three is called Sphagia or Sphateria or Sfragia vulgarly of Sapienza The second is called Cabrera or Fuschella or Teganuse and Cauriera The third is called Venetico Near these Islands are many Rocks where the Pyrates of Barbary use to watch the Merchant-Men which come out of the Gulf of Venice or from Sicily I. Cerigo Cerigo is an Island of the Sea of Sapienza in the Gulf of Colochina about six Miles distant from the Continent It was formerly called Cytherea Porphyrusa and Schothera It is 60 Italian Miles in Compass The City that bears the Name of the Island has the Title of a Bishoprick Both Art and Nature have contributed to make it strong It is Built upon a high craggy Rock on the Sea-side with good Bastions tho' irregular defended with Cannon At the foot of this Fortress there is a Haven not much frequented because it is narrow and exposed to the Winds But 12 Miles from this Port there is another large commodious and safe This Island abounds with Fowl but yields but little Corn Wine and Oyl so that Provisions are here extraordinary dear Here are many Villages but of little or no consideration There are also some Monasteries of Hiero-Monachi and Caloyers Amongst the others there is one Built upon a very high steep Rock on the right side and pretty near the Fortress for which the Inhabitants have a great Veneration by the perswasion they have that St. John began there his Book of Revelations This Island is also famous in the Fables of the Ancients for being either the Birth-place or the Residence of Venus during her Youth to whom they had Dedicated a Temple in the Eastern part of the Island under the Name of Citherea This Island is subject to the Venetians who send thither every other Year one of their Nobles with the Title of Castellain and Proveditor II. Candia

Candia anciently called Crete is an Island and Kingdom situated at the entry of the Archipelago Situation stretching from East to West one side towards Asia and the other towards Africa Extent It 's greatest length is from Cape Salomon to Cape Cornico The Country is good and fertile Quality and has divers small Rivers Rivers and Mountains Mountains Inhabitanta whereof Mount Ida different from Mount-Ida in Phrygia now called Psiloriti is the highest from the top of which both Seas may be seen It 's assured that towards the Sources of the Brook called Lene which is to the North of Mount-Ida there is a Grotto wrought into a Rock which is said to be the Labyrinth of Minos made according to Dedalus's Directions Its Inhabitants of this Island were the first that made themselves powerful at Sea by Navigation and on Land by the use of Arrows The sides their Experience at Sea they taught the way of taming and managing Horses they first of all invented Musick and were also the first that recorded their Laws Yet they have always had the Repute of being Vicious Lyars and Pyrates This Island was very famous for the Labyrinth of Minos History Invented by Dedalus and for the Ship called the Bull wherein Europa was carried away for the Amours of Pasiphae and by the Birth of Jupiter to whom this Island was Consecrated The Ancients reckoned above 100 Towns in it and called it Hecatompolis The Lacedemonians took Candia in Darius's Name in the 422 Year of Rome but L. Celius Metellus Consul of Rome made himself Master of it in 686 of Rom. Afterwards this Island was Subject to the Emperors of Rome and those of Constantinople until 823. that it was taken by the Saracens who Built the Town of Candia that gave its Name to the Island Nicephorus Phocas retook it in 962. Boniface Marquiss of Montferrat was Master of it and after Constantinople was taken by the French and Venetians he sold it to the latter in 1204. The Venetians fortified this Island in some places to curb the Inhabitants which were very subject to Rebel for in 1364. they had a mind to bring in the Genoeses but they were diverted by the wise Politicks of the Republick The Turks under pretence of Besieging Maltha in 1645. to be Revenged for the great Prize that the Knights under the Command of Bois-Baudran had taken in 1644. with a Sultan and an Ottoman Prince fell into Candia where they continued the War until 1669. They made themselves Masters of Canea in 1645. and then laid Siege to the Town of Candia which notwithstanding the endeavours of the French to rescue it from the Hands of the Infidels after a desperate War of 24 Years was forced to yield to the Turks but made honourable Conditions After the taking of this Important Place the Turks made themselves Masters of the greatest part of the Island which they have kept ever since The Chief Fortresses which were left to the Venetians by their last Treaty with the Port are Grabusa the Suda and Spina Longa. As for their Religion Religion the Venetians are Roman Catholicks but the other Inhabitants of the Island are of the Greek Church This Island is now divided into Four Territories Division which bear the Names of so many Principal Towns which are 1. Candia Archb. Cap. 2. Canea Bish 3. Rettimo Bish 4. Sittia On the Northern Shore I. Candia Candia is situated in the most Northern part and about the middle of the Island to which it gives its Name over-against the Isle of Standia with the Seat of an Archbishop who had Nine Suffragants It is both by Art and Nature one of the strongest Places in Europe Long. 50 d. 25 m. Lat. 34 d. 55 m. The Turks laid Siege to it in 1645. after the Battel of Carvaca but were forced to raise it after they had lost the best of their Army but left it Block'd up very close until 1667. and then they renewed the Siege again in the Month of May and took it by Composition in 1669. It is generally thought that the Turks lost 5 or 600000 Men at that Siege which exposed their Government to Rebellions often begun at Constantinople In 1692. the Venetians endeavoured to regain Candia but were forced to abandon the Enterprize with considerable loss II. Canea Canea was formerly called the Mother of Towns by the Grecians It is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Candia and was taken by the Turks in 1645. III. Rettimo Rettimo is another small City and Bishoprick subject to the Turks IV. Sittia Sittia is another City Capital of a Territory of the same Name in the Northern Shore of the Island Article III. Islands in the Mare Egeo or Archipelago THere are in this Sea a great many Islands of which there are but three worth taking notice of viz. Egena Culuri and Negropont I. Egena Egena lyes about 15 Italian Miles from the Sea-coast of Athens 10 of Culuri and 12 of Morea It is called Egina by Strabo Aenone by Baudrand Myrmidonia by Brietius and Engi by the Mariners It is 30 Miles in Compass but has no Harbour for Ships Partridges multiply here to that degree that the Inhabitants are used to search their Nests and destroy their Eggs in the Spring to prevent the prejudice so great a quantity of Fowl might cause to their Seeds There are here two fine Monuments of Antiquity the first is a Temple of Venus towards the North of the Island the second is another Temple Dedicated to Jupiter by Aeacus first King of this Island The Town which bears the Name of the Island was formerly dignify'd with the Title of a Bishoprick Suffragan of the Archbishop of Athens and famous for the Birth of Paul of Medicis but it is now reduced to a Miserable Borough joined to the Fortress which is only remarkable for the Advantages of its situation upon a high craggy Rock which over-looks several Islands of the Archipelago This Island was formerly subject to the Venetians but since the time that Frederick Barberossa took it from them it was become a Receptacle of Banditto's and Pyrates In 1674. Morosini forced them to Surrender at Discretion and having pillag'd and demolished the Town he caused 300 Greeks and 40 Turks to be Chain'd in order to Row upon the Gallies of the Republick of Venice II. Culuri This Island was called by the Ancients Salamis and is known to the Mariners under the Name of Santa Bursia and under that of Cychria Scyrar and Pityussa to Baudrand It has a Village which bears its Name seated on the most Southern part of this Island with about 200 Houses in it and an Harbour which according to Mr. Spon's Travels is one of the largest in the World being Seven Miles long and Two broad This Island lyes about 10 Italian Miles from Egena 2 from Attica and is about 35 in Compass It has about a Thousand Inhabitants and