there_o no_o small_a fish_n as_o cod_n etc._n etc._n and_o few_o great_a one_o nor_o any_o bone_n of_o whale_n morss_n or_o the_o like_a find_v upon_o the_o shore_n nor_o any_o drift_n wood_n 3._o because_o in_o 65_o deg_fw-la 30_o min._n the_o ice_n lie_v all_o in_o rand_n which_o he_o believe_v to_o be_v produce_v as_o in_o the_o shoal_v bay_n for_o have_v there_o be_v any_o ocean_n beyond_o it_o it_o will_v have_v be_v break_v to_o piece_n as_o they_o find_v it_o come_v through_o the_o straight_a into_o the_o sea_n eastward_o 4._o because_o the_o ice_n seek_v its_o way_n out_o to_o the_o eastward_o drive_v out_o at_o hudsons_n strait_n but_o if_o there_o be_v any_o passage_n it_o be_v very_o narrow_a and_o the_o voyoge_n very_o long_o nor_o can_v any_o large_a vessel_n fit_a to_o merchandise_n be_v able_a to_o endure_v the_o ice_n and_o other_o incommodity_n as_o the_o long_a night_n cold_a snow_n frost_n etc._n etc._n p._n 24._o col_fw-fr 2._o l._n 36._o till_o vasile_n ivanowitz_n 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these_o man_n effect_v will_v be_v best_a know_v by_o their_o own_o journal_n record_v by_o purchas_n june_n 7_o 1696_o they_o be_v in_o 74_o degree_n the_o water_n as_o green_a as_o grass_n by_o the_o way_n it_o be_v worth_a enquiry_n whether_o this_o be_v not_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o blue_a ice_n which_o be_v by_o every_o one_o note_v as_o peculiar_a to_o these_o coast_n june_n 9_o they_o be_v upon_o cherry_n or_o bear-island_n in_o 74_o degree_n and_o 13_o minute_n the_o variation_n of_o the_o needle_n be_v 13_o degree_n june_n 13_o they_o depart_v thence_o north_n and_o by_o east_n 16_o dutch_a mile_n june_n 14_o 15_o they_o continue_v their_o course_n 20_o mile_n june_n 16_o 17_o 18_o they_o continue_v 30_o mile_n june_n 19_o they_o see_v land_n at_o 80_o degree_n and_o 11_o minute_n and_o sail_v southward_o upon_o the_o western_a coast_n till_o 79_o deg_fw-la 30_o m._n where_o they_o find_v a_o good_a road_n but_o can_v not_o land_n because_o of_o ice_n june_n 20_o they_o 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fish_n butter_n tallow_n hides_n etc._n etc._n be_v bring_v from_o all_o part_n of_o norway_n to_o be_v ship_v off_o into_o other_o country_n the_o townsman_n not_o many_o year_n ago_o observe_v the_o daily_a increase_n of_o their_o trade_n and_o the_o great_a concourse_n of_o stranger_n which_o it_o draw_v from_o all_o part_n and_o fear_v they_o themselves_o may_v at_o last_o be_v prejudice_v by_o a_o unlimited_a and_o general_a admission_n of_o foreign_a tradesman_n and_o merchant_n into_o their_o city_n make_v a_o order_n that_o whoever_o will_v after_o such_o a_o time_n be_v admit_v a_o freeman_n of_o the_o town_n shall_v either_o be_v whip_v at_o a_o game_n institute_v upon_o this_o occasion_n and_o call_v by_o they_o gantenspill_n or_o roll_v in_o mud_n and_o dirt_n or_o last_o hang_v in_o a_o basket_n over_o some_o intolerable_a and_o filthy_a smoke_n this_o hard_a usage_n quick_o diminish_v the_o number_n of_o foreigner_n who_o fancy_v it_o scarce_o worth_n their_o while_n to_o 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archbishop_n of_o norway_n pontanus_n somewhere_o call_v this_o city_n the_o cabinet_n of_o all_o the_o norwegian_a monument_n but_o wormius_n find_v no_o great_a reason_n to_o confer_v so_o honourable_a a_o title_n upon_o it_o when_o after_o a_o diligent_a search_n into_o the_o antiquity_n old_a monument_n and_o relic_n of_o the_o primitive_a inhabitant_n of_o this_o kingdom_n he_o meet_v with_o no_o more_o than_o three_o runic_a inscription_n in_o this_o whole_a diocese_n the_o conveniency_n of_o the_o haven_n make_v this_o place_n resort_v to_o by_o some_o mariner_n and_o merchant_n to_o this_o day_n but_o the_o ruin_n be_v so_o great_a that_o it_o look_v more_o like_o a_o village_n than_o city_n not_o have_v have_v any_o opportunity_n of_o recover_v its_o former_a splendour_n since_o it_o be_v burn_v down_o in_o the_o year_n 1522._o its_o house_n be_v a_o company_n of_o old_a fashion_a and_o rot_a building_n and_o the_o king_n palace_n be_v decay_v below_o the_o meanness_n of_o a_o 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but_o instead_o thereof_o the_o inhabitant_n make_v use_v of_o fish-bone_n as_o well_o to_o build_v their_o house_n and_o for_o several_a implement_n of_o householdstuff_n as_o fuel_n and_o with_o the_o fat_a of_o the_o same_o fish_n they_o feed_v their_o lamp_n in_o winter_n the_o prefecture_n of_o truntheim_n in_o the_o year_n 1658_o be_v by_o the_o dane_n surrender_v up_o to_o the_o swede_n by_o a_o public_a treaty_n of_o peace_n the_o next_o year_n they_o wrest_v it_o again_o out_o of_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o swedish_n king_n but_o resign_v it_o back_o at_o the_o treaty_n of_o roschild_n halgoland_n the_o country_n of_o ohther_n king_n aelfred_n geographer_n be_v a_o part_n of_o this_o prefecture_n of_o which_o that_o author_n give_v this_o account_n to_o the_o king_n his_o master_n ê§_n nan_o man_n ne_o bude_n be_v nor_o ðh_n a_fw-fr he_o i_o e._n that_o no_o inhabit_a country_n lie_v further_a north_n than_o this_o but_o the_o great_a fish_n trade_n upon_o these_o coast_n have_v 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king_n w._n lambert_n in_o his_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d assure_v we_o that_o all_o the_o island_n nation_n and_o kingdom_n in_o the_o north_n and_o east_n sea_n as_o far_o as_o russia_n be_v tributary_n to_o he_o and_o geoffry_n of_o monmouth_n say_v king_n arthur_z at_o one_o time_n summon_v no_o less_o than_o six_o king_n to_o appear_v before_o he_o at_o his_o court_n in_o britain_n viz._n 1._o guillaumur_n king_n of_o ireland_n 2._o malvase_n king_n of_o iseland_n 3._o doldaff_n king_n of_o gothland_n 4._o gunnase_n king_n of_o orkney_n 5._o lot_z king_n of_o norway_n and_o 6._o aschile_o king_n of_o denmark_n upon_o these_o conquest_n the_o kingdom_n of_o norway_n be_v annex_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n and_o the_o norwegian_n incorporate_v into_o one_o nation_n with_o the_o britain_n but_o this_o amity_n be_v of_o no_o long_a continuance_n for_o norway_n be_v at_o too_o great_a a_o distance_n
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westside_n whereof_o he_o sail_v some_o day_n together_o with_o a_o good_a wind_n and_o therefore_o can_v not_o be_v a_o small_a island_n as_o they_o describe_v this_o which_o h._n hudson_n can_v not_o find_v when_o he_o seek_v for_o it_o see_v a_o discourse_n of_o this_o in_o purchas_n pilgrim_n l._n 3._o c._n 1_o &_o 15._o we_o have_v nothing_o of_o this_o voyage_n but_o those_o imperfect_a or_o short_a note_n which_o be_v find_v lie_v upon_o his_o table_n after_o his_o death_n wherein_o it_o be_v contain_v that_o they_o part_v from_o seynam_n aug._n 2._o aug._n 14_o they_o be_v 160_o league_n north_n and_o easterly_n from_o seynam_n they_o continue_v sail_v till_o sept._n 14_o when_o they_o land_v on_o a_o country_n high_a rocky_a and_o uninhabited_a from_o whence_o the_o cold_a and_o ice_n force_v they_o to_o return_v more_o south_n which_o they_o do_v till_o they_o reach_v arzina_n a_o river_n in_o lapland_n where_o the_o next_o spring_n they_o be_v all_o find_v freeze_v to_o 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nation_n but_o the_o english_a frequent_v those_o northern_a sea_n till_o 1578_o that_o a_o dutch_a ship_n come_v to_o colam_z and_o a_o year_n or_o two_o after_o another_z to_z st._n nicholas_n by_o the_o solicitation_n of_o a_o english_a man_n that_o set_v himself_o against_o the_o company_n afterward_o they_o creep_v in_o more_o and_o more_o and_o in_o 1594_o they_o employ_v barent_n and_o other_o to_o find_v out_o a_o passage_n to_o the_o indies_n and_o in_o 1596_o the_o three_o dutch_a pilot_n aforenamed_a upon_o the_o same_o design_n who_o first_o light_n upon_o bear-island_n and_o thence_o to_o greenland_n barent_n separate_v from_o his_o company_n sail_v to_o the_o north-east_n of_o nova-zembla_n where_o he_o lose_v his_o ship_n and_o himself_o die_v in_o 1603_o steven_n benet_n be_v employ_v who_o go_v no_o far_o than_o cherry-island_n whence_o he_o bring_v some_o lead_n oar._n in_o 1608_o henry_n hudson_n be_v send_v forth_o to_o discover_v the_o north-pole_n who_o go_v to_o 82_o deg_fw-la as_o do_v also_o thomas_n marmaduke_n of_o hull_n 1612_o but_o see_v divers_a island_n beyond_o that_o and_o give_v name_n to_o divers_a place_n upon_o greenland_n former_o discover_v as_o whale-bay_n hackluits-headland_a etc._n etc._n the_o company_n have_v be_v inform_v of_o the_o great_a number_n of_o sea-horse_n morss_n and_o whale_n that_o frequent_v cherry-island_n and_o greenland_n first_o apply_v themselves_o with_o one_o or_o two_o ship_n to_o the_o kill_n of_o morss_n which_o in_o a_o short_a time_n make_v morss_n grow_v scarce_o in_o the_o year_n therefore_o 1610_o they_o set_v out_o the_o ship_n amity_n ionas_n pool_n commander_n for_o whalefishing_a who_o fall_v upon_o the_o land_n former_o discover_v though_o not_o regard_v and_o call_v it_o greenland_n whether_o because_o of_o the_o green_a moss_n wherewith_o it_o be_v cover_v or_o mistake_v it_o for_o groenland_n a_o northern_a country_n former_o discover_v or_o for_o some_o other_o reason_n i_o know_v not_o he_o call_v it_o also_o king_n james_n new-land_n but_o that_o name_n be_v grow_v obsolete_a he_o also_o give_v name_n to_o many_o of_o the_o most_o eminent_a place_n upon_o the_o west_n side_n of_o the_o country_n as_o to_o horn-sound_a because_o there_o they_o find_v a_o unicorns-horn_n ice-point_n bell-point_n lowness-island_n black-point_n cape-cold_a ice-sound_a knotty-point_n fowl-sound_a deer-sound_a and_o in_o cross-road_n 79_o deg_fw-la 15_o min._n variation_n 18_o deg_fw-la 16_o min._n northwest_n he_o seize_v upon_o the_o country_n to_o the_o use_n of_o his_o master_n by_o set_v up_o a_o red_a cross_n and_o fasten_v a_o writing_n to_o it_o there_o also_o he_o make_v some_o quantity_n of_o oil_n and_o bring_v a_o unicorns-horn_n as_o they_o call_v it_o from_o thence_o and_o this_o be_v the_o first_o time_n that_o any_o benefit_n be_v make_v by_o the_o fish_n of_o that_o place_n in_o 1611_o the_o company_n hire_v six_o basques_n expert_a fisherman_n and_o send_v they_o with_o two_o ship_n to_o fish_n for_o whale_n in_o greenland_n where_o the_o first_o whale_n they_o kill_v yield_v they_o twelve_o tun_n of_o oil_n some_o of_o his_o company_n look_v about_o the_o harbour_n for_o whale_n discover_v in_o sir_n thomas_n smith_n bay_v a_o great_a number_n of_o morss_n the_o master_n of_o one_o of_o the_o ship_n take_v with_o he_o some_o of_o his_o man_n go_v thither_o and_o kill_v of_o they_o 500_o and_o keep_v 1000_o alive_a on_o shoar_n which_o afterward_o they_o let_v go_v in_o 1612_o two_o ship_n more_o be_v send_v when_o they_o kill_v seventeen_o whale_n and_o some_o morss_n and_o make_v 180_o tun_n of_o oil_n this_o year_n the_o hollander_n come_v thither_o with_o one_o ship_n conduct_v by_o andrew_n sallow_v a_o englishman_n another_o english_a pilot_n bring_v thither_o also_o a_o spanish_a ship_n the_o english_a ship_n meet_v with_o and_o threaten_v they_o but_o notwithstanding_o they_o make_v a_o good_a voyage_n in_o 1613_o the_o company_n send_v 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also_o but_o both_o party_n make_v a_o poor_a voyage_n this_o land_n they_o full_o discover_v to_o 80_o deg_fw-la by_o tho._n sherwin_n and_o will._n baffin_n and_o by_o other_o divers_a island_n towards_o the_o east_n they_o also_o take_v possession_n of_o several_a part_n of_o the_o country_n for_o the_o king_n set_v up_o a_o cross_n and_o the_o king_n arm_n in_o lead_n the_o dutch_a afterward_o do_v the_o like_a in_o the_o same_o place_n for_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n in_o 1615_o they_o set_v out_o two_o great_a ship_n and_o two_o pinnace_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o fourteen_o sail_v send_v by_o the_o hollander_n come_v home_n not_o full_o lade_v this_o year_n the_o king_n of_o denmark_n send_v three_o ship_n man_n of_o war_n with_o a_o english_a pilot_n james_n vaden_n to_o demand_v custom_n of_o the_o ship_n for_o fish_v upon_o his_o island_n as_o he_o pretend_v the_o
surface_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o island_n but_o rather_o that_o the_o high-water_n be_v cause_v by_o the_o wind_n the_o whole_a land_n be_v so_o encompass_v with_o ice_n cold_a the_o ice_n and_o cold_a that_o it_o be_v difficult_a to_o be_v approach_v and_o 1613_o about_o the_o middle_n of_o june_n the_o ice_n be_v so_o much_o and_o so_o strong_a that_o the_o ship_n which_o go_v from_o holland_n to_o the_o whalefishing_a be_v not_o able_a to_o come_v to_o the_o shore_n nor_o be_v the_o snow_n thaw_v from_o the_o land_n the_o rain-deer_n also_o and_o other_o beast_n be_v many_o of_o they_o starve_v for_o want_n of_o food_n though_o ordinary_o the_o ice_n break_v in_o may_n yet_o if_o the_o northerly_a or_o easterly_a wind_n continue_v long_o for_o those_o be_v the_o cold_a the_o frost_n endure_v the_o long_o for_o though_o the_o sun_n stay_v half_a the_o year_n yet_o never_o arise_v above_o 33_o deg_fw-la 40_o min._n above_o the_o horizon_n its_o beam_n be_v so_o few_o and_o scatter_v that_o they_o be_v most-time_n insufficient_a to_o dissolve_v the_o ice_n much_o less_o to_o dispel_v the_o cold_a from_o the_o weakness_n of_o the_o heat_n also_o it_o proceed_v that_o the_o vapour_n from_o the_o earth_n be_v neither_o hot_a enough_o to_o warm_v the_o air_n nor_o thin_a enough_o to_o rise_v to_o any_o considerable_a height_n but_o they_o hang_v continual_o in_o thick_a dark_a mist_n upon_o the_o mountain_n and_o sometime_o upon_o the_o earth_n itself_o insomuch_o that_o he_o which_o be_v at_o one_o end_n of_o his_o ship_n can_v discern_v his_o companion_n at_o the_o other_o concern_v the_o cold_a and_o ice_n it_o be_v further_a remarkable_a that_o the_o ice_n be_v oftentimes_o raise_v above_o the_o water_n many_o 16_o fathom_v and_o this_o be_v much_o fresh_a than_o the_o other_o manytime_n also_o it_o be_v thirtyfive_a fathom_n underwater_n which_o be_v more_o salt_n and_o easy_o melt_v it_o be_v freeze_v sometime_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n 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a_o calm_a but_o a_o high_a wind_n often_o dash_v the_o ice_n against_o the_o ship_n break_v it_o to_o piece_n sometime_o it_o be_v crush_v between_o two_o piece_n of_o ice_n sometime_o thrust_v up_o upon_o other_o piece_n william_n barent_n find_v upon_o a_o great_a ice_n 10_o fathom_n above_o water_n much_o earth_n and_o fowls-egg_n lie_v upon_o it_o the_o beast_n of_o this_o country_n be_v only_o these_o beast_n the_o beast_n 1._o fox_n white_a gray_a tawny_a and_o black_a 2._o rain-deer_n which_o by_o feed_v upon_o the_o yellow_a moss_n in_o three_o month_n grow_v to_o a_o prodigious_a fatness_n above_o four_o inch_n upon_o the_o rib_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o they_o be_v able_a to_o endure_v so_o long_o a_o winter_n though_o sometime_o also_o they_o die_v for_o want_v of_o food_n at_o the_o first_o discovery_n they_o do_v not_o fear_n or_o avoid_v our_o people_n but_o when_o one_o of_o they_o find_v himself_o wound_v with_o a_o bullet_n he_o assault_v the_o 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when_o the_o sun_n disappear_v the_o bear_v leave_v they_o till_o the_o sun_n return_v and_o in_o their_o stead_n the_o fox_n grow_v more_o bold_a the_o large_a sort_n of_o bear_n be_v those_o they_o call_v water-bear_n that_o live_v by_o what_o they_o catch_v in_o the_o sea_n where_o they_o have_v be_v see_v swim_v twelve_o mile_n from_o any_o shore_n the_o dutch_a relation_n say_v that_o skin_n have_v be_v see_v fourteen_o ell_n long_o but_o they_o mean_v foot_n our_o man_n say_v that_o the_o story_n of_o their_o bring_v forth_o their_o young_a deform_a and_o that_o they_o reduce_v they_o into_o shape_n by_o lick_v be_v a_o fable_n for_o that_o they_o have_v see_v very_o young_a one_o and_o some_o also_o take_v out_o of_o their_o dam_n belly_n perfect_o form_v in_o this_o country_n there_o do_v not_o breed_v any_o great_a quantity_n of_o land-fowl_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d there_o be_v one_o of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o lark_n with_o a_o square_a bill_n that_o feed_v upon_o worm_n and_o taste_v not_o fishy_a another_z they_o call_v snow-fowl_n of_o the_o bigness_n and_o colour_n of_o a_o sparrow_n with_o a_o white_a belly_n be_v almost_o starve_v they_o fly_v into_o a_o ship_n in_o great_a abundance_n and_o be_v so_o tame_a that_o the_o mariner_n take_v as_o many_o of_o they_o as_o they_o please_v but_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v feed_v with_o hasty-pudding_n fly_v away_o and_o will_v no_o more_o come_v near_o they_o of_o waterfowl_n there_o be_v great_a variety_n as_o cuthbert-duck_n willock_n stint_n sea-pigeon_n sea-parret_n gull_n noddy_n and_o in_o so_o great_a abundance_n that_o with_o their_o flight_n they_o darken_v the_o sun_n and_o at_o their_o rise_n make_v such_o a_o noise_n that_o person_n talk_v together_o can_v hear_v one_o another_o speak_v particular_o there_o be_v one_o call_v by_o the_o dutch_a raadtsheer_v all_o white_a as_o snow_n except_o his_o bill_n which_o be_v thin_a small_a and_o sharp_a his_o foot_n and_o eye_n he_o live_v upon_o what_o he_o can_v get_v in_o the_o water_n 2._o a_o diver_n or_o didapper_n call_v by_o the_o mariner_n a_o pigeon_n because_o of_o the_o noise_n he_o make_v almost_o as_o big_a as_o a_o duck_n with_o a_o thin_a crooked_a sharp-pointed_a bill_n two_o inch_n long_o feather_n black_a leg_n and_o foot_n red_a these_o swim_v very_o swift_a endure_v long_o under_o water_n and_o be_v tolerable_a good_a meat_n 3._o like_o to_o this_o but_o somewhat_o big_a be_v the_o lumb_n only_o his_o belly_n be_v white_a and_o his_o noise_n like_o the_o croak_n of_o a_o frog_n these_o build_v in_o the_o mountain_n and_o carry_v their_o young_a one_o in_o their_o beak_n to_o the_o sea_n to_o teach_v they_o to_o swim_v and_o dive_v their_o flesh_n be_v not_o good_a 4._o the_o mew_n call_v kutle-gehf_a from_o the_o noise_n he_o make_v have_v a_o crooked_a bill_n with_o a_o bunch_n under_o it_o his_o belly_n be_v all_o white_a his_o wing_n and_o back_o gray_a with_o black_a pinion_n leg_n and_o foot_n and_o a_o red_a ring_n about_o his_o eye_n the_o fisherman_n bait_v their_o hook_n with_o whales-flesh_n catch_v store_n of_o these_o mew_n as_o if_o they_o be_v fish_n he_o be_v pursue_v by_o another_o fowl_n for_o his_o dung_n which_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o have_v drop_v the_o other_o eat_v and_o leave_v he_o 5._o the_o allen_n pursue_v and_o beat_v the_o other_o bird_n till_o they_o vomit_v their_o prey_n for_o he_o to_o devour_v which_o when_o do_v he_o go_v his_o way_n from_o they_o there_o be_v also_o great_a quantity_n of_o fish_n in_o these_o sea_n as_o seal_n dog-fish_n lobster_n gernel_n fish_n fish_n or_o shrimp-gurnets_a starfish_n mackrel_n dragon-fish_n dolphin_n buts-head_n unicorn_n and_o the_o like_a but_o
add_v to_o the_o former_a because_o it_o be_v at_o twelve_o hour_n before_o noon_n his_o place_n at_o that_o instant_n be_v 2_o deg_fw-la 26_o min._n of_o virgo_fw-la who_o declination_n be_v as_o before_o 10_o deg_fw-la 35_o min._n the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n be_v 78_o deg_fw-la 47_o min._n who_o compliment_n be_v 11_o deg_fw-la 13_o min._n the_o declination_n be_v subduct_v from_o the_o compliment_n of_o of_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n leave_v 38_o min._n four_o fifth_n of_o which_o be_v 12_o min._n be_v substract_v from_o 38_o leave_v 26_o min._n for_o the_o refraction_n which_o be_v more_o or_o less_o according_a to_o the_o thickness_n or_o thinness_n of_o the_o air_n but_o to_o return_v to_o nova-zembla_n nova-zembla_n situation_n of_o nova-zembla_n there_o be_v late_o a_o new_a chart_n of_o nova-zembla_n put_v out_o in_o holland_n which_o separate_v it_o from_o samoiedia_n by_o the_o strait_n of_o nassau_n or_o fretum_n waygat_n but_o make_v the_o north_n of_o it_o wherein_o barent_n in_o 1595_o winter_a in_o the_o same_o parallel_n with_o part_n of_o greenland_n and_o that_o nova-zembla_n be_v inhabit_v with_o people_n like_a in_o clothing_n stature_n and_o manner_n of_o life_n to_o the_o samoieds_fw-fr that_o they_o be_v idolater_n as_o many_o of_o the_o other_o barbarous_a etc._n etc._n another_o map_n join_v with_o the_o former_a also_o continue_v groenland_n to_o greenland_n on_o the_o south-west_n corner_n which_o also_o be_v contrary_a to_o all_o other_o relation_n but_o the_o map_n of_o nova-zembla_n be_v manifest_o calculate_v out_o of_o the_o observation_n of_o they_o that_o winter_v there_o with_o w._n barent_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v neither_o disparage_v nor_o approve_v it_o further_o trial_n may_v determine_v it_o a_o late_a traveller_n a_o frenchman_n chirurgeon_n in_o a_o danish_a ship_n say_v that_o nova-zembla_n be_v a_o continent_n join_v on_o the_o south_n to_o samoiedia_n by_o a_o ledg_n of_o mountain_n call_v by_o 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from_o the_o goth_n or_o pass_v under_o the_o same_o name_n with_o they_o the_o norwegian_a chronicle_n reckon_v five_o and_o twenty_o king_n of_o sweden_n before_o haldanus_n hwithen_n the_o first_o founder_n of_o their_o kingdom_n which_o be_v afterward_o by_o harald_n harfagher_n the_o three_o king_n from_o he_o very_o much_o enlarge_v and_o make_v a_o absolute_a monarchy_n that_o out_o of_o this_o country_n a_o vast_a number_n of_o man_n go_v to_o people_n schonen_fw-mi and_o the_o cimbrick_n island_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o ericus_n the_o first_o swedish_n king_n according_a to_o loccenius_n his_o account_n be_v attest_v by_o johannes_n magnus_n and_o other_o author_n and_o about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 870_o one_o otherus_n in_o his_o account_n of_o the_o northern_a region_n which_o he_o make_v to_o king_n aelfred_n make_v mention_n of_o swedland_n or_o the_o land_n of_o the_o swede_n and_o the_o isle_n of_o gotland_n and_o jutland_n give_v they_o muchwhat_a the_o same_o limit_n they_o have_v at_o present_a and_o in_o all_o age_n so_o famous_a have_v be_v the_o warlike_a exploit_n and_o victorious_a arm_n of_o this_o nation_n that_o one_o nicolaus_n ragvaldi_n archbishop_n of_o vpsal_n make_v a_o oration_n extant_a in_o johannes_n magnus_fw-la in_o the_o council_n of_o basil_n a._n d._n 1440_o concern_v the_o noble_a achievement_n of_o the_o sweo-gothish_a people_n prevail_v so_o far_o with_o the_o holy_a father_n there_o present_a that_o it_o be_v move_v in_o council_n that_o the_o king_n of_o swedland_n shall_v have_v precedency_n of_o all_o other_o christian_a king_n the_o man_n of_o sweden_n as_o to_o their_o person_n be_v general_o of_o a_o proper_a and_o big_a body_n manner_n their_o manner_n a_o comely_a presence_n and_o gentile_a carriage_n in_o their_o young_a year_n breed_v up_o to_o learning_n travel_a and_o especial_o language_n of_o which_o it_o be_v ordinary_a for_o a_o swedish_n gentleman_n to_o be_v able_a to_o speak_v five_o or_o six_o in_o perfection_n and_o in_o their_o ripe_a accustom_v to_o affair_n of_o state_n and_o war._n honest_a free_a and_o plain-dealer_n they_o be_v note_v for_o insomuch_o that_o the_o granary_n in_o the_o whole_a country_n have_v ancient_o neither_o lock_n nor_o key_n but_o only_o a_o hatch_n judge_v sufficient_a security_n among_o honest_a and_o trusty_a neighbour_n and_o to_o steal_v corn_n out_o of_o the_o common_a field_n be_v a_o crime_n so_o horrid_a that_o it_o be_v punishable_a by_o death_n the_o woman_n be_v also_o of_o a_o tall_a stature_n and_o very_o personable_a general_o chaste_a adultery_n which_o be_v severe_o prohibit_v by_o their_o law_n be_v seldom_o commit_v by_o they_o modest_a virtuous_a and_o endow_v with_o those_o quality_n which_o be_v common_o the_o consequent_n of_o wholesome_a law_n and_o government_n they_o the_o citizens_z especial_o love_v to_o go_v neat_a and_o provide_v themselves_o general_o with_o good_a clothes_n and_o fair_a house_n count_v that_o ill_a spend_v which_o be_v superfluous_o bestow_v upon_o their_o worst_a part_n their_o belly_n when_o marriage_n christen_n burial_n etc._n etc._n be_v to_o be_v solemnize_v they_o spare_v no_o expense_n to_o seem_v noble_a and_o magnificent_a sometime_o rather_o than_o want_v a_o splendid_a funeral_n for_o their_o relation_n keep_v the_o dead_a corpse_n for_o several_a year_n and_o in_o the_o interim_n labour_v to_o gather_v up_o as_o much_o money_n as_o will_v maintain_v the_o pomp_n of_o its_o burial_n ancient_o they_o burn_v their_o body_n a_o custom_n as_o they_o say_v bring_v in_o by_o wooden_a however_o they_o make_v it_o one_o of_o their_o epocha_n and_o call_v that_o time_n aetas_n cremationis_fw-la afterward_o they_o bury_v they_o on_o the_o top_n or_o some_o eminent_a place_n of_o hill_n and_o this_o be_v call_v by_o their_o writer_n aetas_n collium_fw-la but_o christianity_n have_v reduce_v to_o the_o same_o custom_n that_o be_v use_v by_o the_o rest_n of_o that_o religion_n frugal_a and_o laborious_a they_o be_v enure_v as_o well_o by_o their_o exercise_n as_o the_o clime_n of_o their_o country_n to_o all_o extremity_n of_o hardship_n it_o be_v ordinary_a for_o a_o common_a soldier_n to_o watch_v upon_o the_o guard_n at_o stockholme_n a_o whole_a winter-night_n full_a eighteen_o hour_n long_o without_o be_v relieve_v to_o be_v a_o gentleman_n and_o well_o descend_v be_v high_o esteem_v among_o they_o though_o frequent_o their_o title_n of_o honour_n outswell_v their_o estate_n for_o when_o any_o one_o of_o a_o competent_a estate_n die_v one_o half_a of_o it_o be_v allow_v to_o the_o survive_a widow_n and_o the_o other_o half_o divide_v among_o the_o child_n the_o son_n have_v two_o part_n and_o a_o daughter_n the_o three_o the_o widow_n part_n upon_o her_o decease_n be_v share_v among_o they_o after_o the_o same_o proportion_n so_o that_o one_o great_a estate_n be_v cut_v out_o into_o many_o little_a parcel_n by_o many_o child_n which_o be_v again_o subdivide_v by_o these_o child_n child_n the_o family_n be_v common_o reduce_v to_o a_o low_a condition_n all_o inherit_v equal_o the_o title_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o nobility_n the_o hospitality_n of_o this_o nation_n be_v among_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o good_a quality_n hospitality_n their_o hospitality_n the_o most_o remarkable_a they_o ancient_o use_v to_o entertain_v those_o that_o be_v stranger_n with_o the_o like_a civility_n as_o they_o will_v treat_v their_o friend_n afford_v they_o victual_n and_o what_o necessary_n they_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o gratis_o and_o furnish_v they_o with_o horse_n to_o the_o place_n whither_o they_o intend_v to_o go_v the_o contrary_a to_o this_o viz._n churlishness_n and_o inhospitality_n be_v think_v so_o great_a a_o crime_n and_o so_o unworthy_a the_o genius_n of_o any_o swedish_n inhabitant_n that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o charles_n the_o second_o who_o be_v say_v to_o have_v reign_v sometime_o before_o
call_v nystort_v or_o st._n olaus_n fort_n build_v in_o the_o year_n 1475_o by_o one_o ericus_n axelson_n governor_n of_o aboa_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o carolus_n canuti_n viii_o 5._o tavastia_n a_o inland_n province_n tavastia_n tavastia_n have_v on_o the_o west_n north_n finland_n on_o the_o north_n cajania_n on_o the_o east_n savolaxia_fw-la and_o carelia_n and_o on_o the_o south_n nylandia_n and_o the_o principality_n of_o raseborg_n in_o it_o there_o be_v one_o fort_n call_v the_o fort_n of_o tavastia_n or_o tavasthus_fw-la build_v by_o berjerus_n jerl_n a._n d._n 1250_o to_o keep_v the_o tavastians_n in_o awe_n who_o he_o at_o that_o time_n have_v bring_v over_o to_o the_o swedish_n government_n and_o force_v to_o profess_v the_o christian_a religion_n here_o be_v one_o lake_n of_o a_o considerable_a bigness_n name_v jende_v or_o pejende_v and_o towards_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o the_o province_n several_a other_o call_v kautilambi_n i.e._n iron_n lake_n not_o so_o large_a as_o the_o former_a but_o no_o less_o remarkable_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a quantity_n of_o iron_n which_o the_o inhabitant_n find_v in_o they_o and_o as_o be_v say_v daily_a hook_n out_o for_o their_o private_a use_n 6._o nylandia_n or_o neuland_n so_o call_v new-land_n nylandia_n nylandia_n because_o its_o ancient_a inhabitant_n the_o finni_n and_o carelii_n be_v drive_v out_o new_a colony_n be_v send_v out_o of_o helsingia_n and_o suecia_n to_o go_v people_n or_o rather_o defend_v this_o country_n here_o be_v two_o city_n borgo_n and_o hesingfors_n 7._o carelia_n carelia_n carelia_n lie_v upon_o the_o east-side_n of_o the_o great_a peninsula_n scandia_n or_o scandinavia_n part_v from_o russia_n by_o the_o river_n pinsyoki_n which_o run_v towards_o the_o north_n sea_n and_o povevetz_n which_o fall_v into_o the_o lake_n onega_n by_o the_o near_o approach_v of_o these_o two_o river_n towards_o each_o other_o scandia_n be_v almost_o make_v as_o the_o ancient_n suppose_v it_o to_o be_v a_o perfect_a island_n the_o nick_n of_o land_n call_v maanselke_o not_o be_v above_o three_o german_a mile_n in_o length_n in_o that_o part_n where_o the_o river_n come_v near_a together_o this_o province_n ancient_o contain_v all_o that_o large_a tract_n of_o ground_n which_o lie_v between_o the_o river_n kymi_n on_o the_o north_n the_o lake_n pejende_v on_o the_o west_n and_o onega_n on_o the_o east_n and_o the_o river_n sueci_n which_o fall_v into_o the_o lake_n ladoga_n and_o nieva_n which_o empty_v itself_o into_o the_o finnic_a bay_n on_o the_o south_n and_o southeast_n but_o at_o present_a its_o bound_n be_v much_o narrow_a take_v in_o only_a the_o more_o southern_a part_n of_o that_o large_a country_n which_o former_o it_o do_v whole_o contain_v it_o afford_v good_a store_n of_o pasturage_n and_o breed_v cattle_n as_o ox_n horse_n etc._n etc._n in_o great_a abundance_n whence_o it_o have_v its_o name_n carelia_n caria_n in_o the_o finlandish_a tongue_n signify_v herd_n or_o drove_n of_o cattle_n magnatus_n ducatus_fw-la finlandiae_fw-la nova_fw-la et_fw-la accurata_fw-la delineatio_fw-la caiania_n finl_n metz._n finland_n …_o finl_n sept._n savolexia_n tavastia_n nylandia_n caretia_n literis_fw-la et_fw-la morum_fw-la elegantiâ_fw-la probatissime_fw-la juveni_fw-la magnorum_fw-la parentum_fw-la filio_fw-la d._n no_o jacobo_n schütz_n suece_n tunc_fw-la pro_fw-la tempore_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la excolendae_fw-la gratiâ_fw-la per_fw-la varias_fw-la terras_fw-la peregrinanti_fw-la tabula_fw-la haec_fw-la geographica_n submiss_a offertur_fw-la the_o chief_a city_n in_o finlandish_a carelia_n city_n city_n be_v 1._o wiburg_n a_o note_a mart-town_n well_o fortify_v with_o trench_n fort_n and_o a_o strong_a castle_n against_o which_o the_o muscovite_n very_o often_o have_v make_v unsuccessful_a attempt_n with_o no_o less_o than_o a_o hundred_o thousand_o man_n 2._o kexholm_n or_o as_o the_o swede_n call_v it_o kekisalmi_n i.e._n the_o frith_n of_o gurnardi_n from_o keki_n signify_v a_o kind_n of_o fish_n call_v a_o car_n or_o gurnardi_n which_o abound_v in_o the_o river_n wax_v upon_o which_o this_o city_n stand_v and_o salmi_n a_o frith_n or_o bay_n the_o russes_z call_v it_o carelogorod_n i._n e._n the_o fort_n of_o carelia_n gorod_v in_o their_o language_n denote_v a_o fort._n in_o this_o province_n the_o soil_n be_v exceed_o rich_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o those_o place_n especial_o which_o lie_n near_o the_o lake_n ladoga_n for_o fifteen_o or_o twenty_o mile_n northward_o from_o it_o the_o ground_n be_v so_o overflow_v with_o lake_n and_o river_n that_o it_o bear_v corn_n only_o on_o the_o high_a and_o more_o mountainous_a part_n whereupon_o the_o inhabitant_n live_v most_o upon_o hunt_v and_o fish_v take_v more_o pain_n for_o their_o subsistence_n where_o the_o earth_n be_v less_o bountiful_a the_o large_a and_o most_o remarkable_a among_o the_o lake_n of_o this_o country_n and_o as_o some_o be_v of_o opinion_n of_o all_o europe_n be_v the_o lake_n ladoga_n of_o which_o four_o part_n in_o five_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n it_o have_v its_o name_n from_o a_o kind_n of_o fish_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o herring_n call_v in_o the_o russian_a tongue_n lagdog_n which_o be_v peculiar_a to_o this_o lake_n and_o with_o which_o it_o very_o much_o abound_v the_o figure_n of_o it_o be_v oval_a about_o a_o hundred_o league_n in_o length_n and_o sixty_o in_o breadth_n in_o it_o be_v many_o small_a island_n and_o upon_o its_o bank_n several_a town_n of_o very_a good_a note_n near_o a_o place_n call_v kidila_n in_o this_o province_n be_v dug_n out_o of_o the_o ground_n a_o sort_n of_o precious_a stone_n which_o go_v under_o the_o name_n of_o kexholmian_a ruby_n the_o russes_z call_v they_o kidelsco_n camen_n the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o finland_n be_v say_v jornandes_n the_o most_o hospitable_a and_o least_o barbarous_a of_o any_o of_o the_o scandian_o finland_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o finland_n but_o at_o present_a they_o be_v of_o all_o the_o lap_n only_o except_v the_o most_o fierce_a and_o uncivilise_v their_o language_n which_o they_o make_v use_v of_o language_n their_o language_n and_o which_o be_v proper_a to_o themselves_o be_v of_o a_o harsh_a and_o uneven_a dialect_n difficult_o attainable_a by_o any_o stranger_n as_o have_v in_o it_o some_o propriety_n not_o common_a to_o any_o european_a tongue_n as_o in_o the_o whole_a language_n they_o have_v no_o f_o nor_o any_o word_n that_o begin_v with_o b_o d_o or_o g_z or_o two_o consonant_n so_o that_o they_o pronounce_v v._o g._n for_o the_o he_o for_o grant_v rant_v for_o both_o poth_o for_o good_a can_v etc._n etc._n thro'_o the_o whole_a tongue_n they_o observe_v no_o gender_n and_o have_v but_o one_o article_n se_fw-la to_o denote_v both_o sex_n their_o preposition_n they_o place_n after_o the_o word_n to_o which_o they_o belong_v their_o rythm_n in_o verse_n they_o count_v not_o from_o the_o like_o end_v but_o the_o like_a beginning_n of_o the_o last_o word_n and_o many_o suchlike_a difference_n the_o government_n of_o finland_n government_n their_o government_n be_v ancient_o administer_v by_o king_n of_o its_o own_o who_o exercise_v their_o power_n without_o control_n and_o be_v no_o way_n tributary_n to_o or_o dependent_a on_o a_o foreign_a jurisdiction_n till_o about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 1150_o ericus_n ix_o surname_v the_o saint_n king_n of_o sweden_n bring_v the_o whole_a country_n into_o subjection_n to_o his_o law_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n compel_v they_o to_o embrace_v the_o christian_a religion_n after_o his_o day_n tavastia_n be_v conquer_v by_o berjerus_n jerl_n and_o carelia_n by_o turgillus_n kuntesonius_n who_o build_v viburg_n to_o defend_v it_o against_o the_o russes_z a._n d._n 1193._o at_o present_a the_o whole_a principality_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n and_o be_v reckon_v as_o a_o very_a considerable_a part_n of_o his_o dominion_n of_o ingria_n or_o ingermanland_n ingria_n ingermanland_n ingria_n of_o ingria_n or_o as_o the_o muscovite_n call_v it_o isera_n be_v a_o fruitful_a and_o pleasant_a province_n have_v on_o the_o east_n and_o south_n part_n of_o muscovy_n on_o the_o west_n esthonia_n and_o part_n of_o the_o finnic_a bay_n on_o the_o north_n the_o lake_n ladoga_n and_o the_o river_n which_o join_v it_o with_o the_o finnic_a bay_n it_o afford_v beast_n both_o wild_a and_o tame_a of_o several_a species_n in_o great_a plenty_n that_o which_o abound_v most_o be_v the_o aelg_n elk_n or_o as_o the_o german_n call_v it_o ellent_a which_o as_o we_o mention_v in_o lapland_n in_o the_o spring-time_n swim_v over_o the_o river_n nieva_n in_o numerous_a herd_n into_o carelia_n and_o towards_o the_o end_n of_o autumn_n return_v by_o the_o same_o way_n into_o russia_n and_o the_o more_o southern_a part_n of_o this_o province_n and_o also_o into_o esthonia_n livonia_n etc._n etc._n here_o be_v several_a city_n of_o great_a importance_n and_o strength_n which_o be_v former_o the_o
blekingia_n etc._n etc._n by_o a_o ratification_n of_o peace_n conclude_v at_o roschild_n feb._n 26_o ann_n 1658_o between_o charles_n x._o then_o king_n of_o sweden_n and_o frederic_n iii_o king_n of_o denmark_n the_o province_n of_o scania_n hallandia_n and_o the_o castle_n of_o bahus_n with_o all_o the_o fort_n island_n etc._n etc._n and_o also_o all_o the_o royalty_n jurisdiction_n dominion_n ecclesiastical_a or_o civil_a with_o the_o revenue_n tribute_n payment_n and_o all_o right_n whatsoever_o whether_o by_o land_n or_o sea_n be_v by_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n in_o consideration_n of_o have_v some_o place_n restore_v to_o he_o as_o sialand_n laland_n falstria_n etc._n etc._n which_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n have_v during_o the_o late_a war_n make_v himself_o master_n of_o whole_o cede_v and_o give_v up_o to_o the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n as_o a_o perpetual_a possession_n to_o be_v incorporate_v with_o that_o kingdom_n for_o ever_o in_o as_o full_a and_o ample_a manner_n as_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o norway_n have_v former_o possess_v and_o enjoy_v the_o same_o and_o by_o another_o ratification_n of_o peace_n hold_v at_o copenhagen_n ann_n 1660_o between_o the_o say_v frideric_n iii_o of_o denmark_n and_o this_o present_a king_n of_o sweden_n these_o province_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o they_o have_v be_v grant_v by_o the_o former_a treaty_n be_v confirm_v to_o the_o swedish_n crown_n we_o shall_v treat_v of_o all_o these_o province_n though_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o present_a war_n betwixt_o the_o swede_n and_o dane_n the_o possession_n of_o they_o be_v much_o disturb_v and_o some_o city_n and_o fort_n in_o they_o seize_v and_o garrison_v by_o the_o danish_a force_n as_o accessional_a part_n of_o this_o kingdom_n remit_v what_o may_v be_v say_v concern_v the_o ancient_a title_n the_o king_n of_o denmark_n have_v to_o they_o or_o what_o else_o may_v concern_v they_o to_o be_v speak_v to_o in_o that_o kingdom_n 1._o scania_n or_o schonen_fw-mi a_o province_n abound_v as_o be_v say_v in_o gothia_n with_o corn_n beast_n bird_n and_o all_o commodity_n of_o life_n have_v on_o the_o east_n blekingia_n on_o the_o west_n the_o sund_n along_o the_o shore_n of_o which_o it_o run_v for_o the_o space_n of_o twenty_o german_a mile_n on_o the_o north_n hallandia_n and_o westro-gothia_a and_o on_o the_o south_n part_n of_o the_o baltic_a or_o ost-zee_n it_o be_v in_o length_n eighteen_o and_o where_o broad_o in_o breadth_n twelve_o german_a miel_n in_o it_o be_v beside_o many_o town_n and_o village_n twelve_o nomarchy_n or_o principality_n the_o chief_a city_n be_v 1._o lundia_fw-la lundon_n or_o lune_fw-fr former_o from_o the_o year_n 1109_o to_o 1559_o the_o seat_n of_o a_o archbishop_n who_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v call_v to_o the_o general_a diet_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o have_v his_o voice_n in_o they_o it_o be_v say_v to_o have_v two_o and_o twenty_o church_n in_o it_o and_o among_o the_o rest_n a_o magnificent_a cathedral_n dedicate_v to_o st._n laurence_n no_o less_o remarkable_a for_o its_o high_a steeple_n which_o be_v a_o guide_n to_o mariner_n and_o its_o large_a vault_n under_o the_o choir_n then_o for_o the_o dial_n which_o show_v the_o year_n month_n week_n day_n and_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n all_o at_o the_o same_o time_n with_o all_o feast_n both_o movable_a and_o fix_a as_o also_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n and_o their_o progress_n through_o every_o degree_n of_o the_o zodiac_n this_o clock_n be_v so_o order_v by_o artificial_a engine_n that_o when_o ever_o it_o strike_v two_o horseman_n come_v forth_o and_o encounter_v each_o other_o the_o one_o give_v the_o other_o just_a so_o many_o blow_n as_o the_o hammer_n be_v to_o strike_v upon_o the_o bell_n at_o what_o time_n a_o door_n open_v the_o virgin_n mary_n appear_v sit_v upon_o a_o throne_n with_o christ_n in_o her_o arm_n and_o the_o magi_n do_v he_o reverence_n and_o two_o trumpeter_n sound_v all_o the_o while_n this_o be_v the_o suppose_a work_n of_o caspar_n bartholine_n the_o famous_a mathematician_n the_o altar_n also_o of_o this_o church_n be_v a_o excellent_a piece_n of_o work_n of_o black_a and_o white_a marble_n adorn_v on_o the_o forepart_n with_o the_o sculpture_n of_o frederic_n two_o and_o sophia_n his_o wife_n and_o upon_o the_o table-stone_n with_o the_o image_n of_o our_o saviour_n and_o his_o twelve_o apostle_n at_o his_o last_o supper_n 2._o malmoge_fw-mi or_o as_o some_o call_v it_o elbogen_n at_o the_o very_a southern_a point_n of_o schonen_fw-mi just_a opposite_a to_o copenhagen_n in_o zealand_n a_o well_o trade_v port_n the_o birthplace_n of_o the_o say_v caspar_n bartholine_n or_o malmogius_n danus_n as_o some_o please_v to_o name_v he_o the_o great_a mathematician_n 3._o trelleberg_n north_n of_o elbogen_n 4._o landscroon_fw-mi on_o the_o sea_n side_n a_o place_n of_o great_a consequence_n and_o strength_n build_v by_o ericus_n viii_o an._n 1413._o it_o have_v six_o gate_n in_o all_o three_o towards_o the_o sea_n and_o three_o towards_o the_o continent_n with_o a_o fair_a marketplace_n and_o a_o stately_a stadt-house_n here_o be_v a_o large_a and_o convenient_a harbour_n for_o ship_n though_o of_o somewhat_o hazardous_a entrance_n this_o city_n be_v fortify_v with_o a_o castle_n by_o christian_n iii_o who_o remove_v the_o fair_a at_o engelholm_n to_o this_o place_n where_o it_o be_v keep_v at_o midsummer_n every_o year_n with_o a_o great_a concourse_n of_o merchant_n 5._o helsemburg_n a_o mean_a town_n but_o fortify_v with_o a_o impregnable_a castle_n just_a opposite_a to_o helsinore_n and_o croneberg_n in_o seland_n the_o other_o of_o the_o two_o key_n which_o open_v into_o the_o sund._n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o castle_n rise_v a_o high_a four_o square_a tower_n which_o show_v itself_o to_o mariner_n a_o great_a way_n off_o from_o the_o castle_n and_o serve_v they_o as_o a_o mark_n to_o steer_v their_o course_n by_o in_o this_o town_n be_v keep_v two_o fair_n every_o year_n one_o in_o mid-lent_n the_o other_o upon_o palm-sunday_n note_v for_o the_o concourse_n of_o people_n and_o great_a store_n of_o merchandise_n vend_v here_o 6._o radneby_n a_o frontier_n town_n border_v on_o verendia_fw-la 7._o christiania_n or_o christendorp_n build_v by_o christiern_n iu._n an._n 1604_o out_o of_o the_o ruin_n of_o ahusia_n and_o vaea_n or_o wa_n and_o fortify_v with_o eight_o bulwark_n and_o so_o encompass_v with_o fen_n and_o marsh_n on_o one_o side_n and_o with_o the_o sea_n on_o the_o other_o that_o it_o may_v seem_v almost_o impregnable_a to_o these_o may_v be_v add_v 8._o scanore_n the_o most_o ancient_a of_o any_o 2._o hallandia_n hallandia_n hallandia_n or_o hallandt_n which_o lie_v to_o the_o north_n east_n upon_o part_n of_o westro_n gothia_n its_o limit_n begin_v at_o the_o promontory_n call_v by_o the_o native_n hallands-ars_a by_o stranger_n coll_n and_o thence_o run_v along_o the_o codane_a shore_n to_o elsburg_n sixteen_o german_a mile_n and_o may_v be_v say_v to_o have_v on_o the_o west_n the_o sea_n which_o run_v betwixt_o it_o and_o jutland_n on_o the_o north_n part_n of_o smalandia_n and_o on_o the_o south_n scania_n or_o schonen_fw-mi of_o this_o province_n see_v what_o be_v say_v in_o westro-gothia_a 3._o blescida_n blekingia_n or_o bleck_v blekingia_n blekingia_n a_o province_n somewhat_o mountainous_a woody_a and_o barren_a and_o not_o near_o so_o fertile_a as_o either_o of_o the_o two_o former_a it_o be_v bound_v on_o the_o east_n and_o south_n with_o the_o baltic_a sea_n on_o the_o north_n with_o verendia_fw-la in_o smaland_n and_o on_o the_o west_n with_o schonen_fw-mi the_o whole_a province_n be_v divide_v into_o eight_o nomarchy_n and_o contain_v these_o city_n and_o town_n of_o note_n all_o lie_v upon_o the_o baltic_a 1._o vstadium_n vulg_n vster_n 2._o stanthamera_fw-la or_o santhamer_n 3._o ahuiis_fw-la 4._o selsburg_n 5._o elenholm_n 6._o rottenbuy_n 7._o christianopolis_n christenberg_n raise_v out_o of_o the_o ground_n by_o christiern_n iv_o king_n of_o denmark_n a._n d._n 1604_o to_o defend_v his_o kingdom_n on_o this_o side_n but_o not_o long_o after_o by_o a_o warlike_a stratagem_n surprise_v by_o the_o swede_n an._n 1611_o and_o by_o they_o destroy_v and_o quite_o dispeople_v since_o which_o time_n it_o have_v be_v rebuilt_a and_o at_o present_a be_v very_o well_o replenish_v with_o inhabitant_n and_o much_o frequent_v by_o merchant_n 10._o bromsebro_n famous_a for_o the_o treaty_n of_o peace_n betwixt_o christina_n queen_n of_o sweden_n and_o christianus_n iv_o king_n of_o denmark_n conclude_v at_o this_o town_n a._n d._n 1648_o with_o many_o small_a town_n and_o village_n to_o these_o may_v be_v add_v 4._o jemptia_n jemptia_n jemptia_n or_o jempterland_n so_o call_v from_o one_o kietellus_n jampte_v a_o norwegian_a nobleman_n who_o escape_v from_o the_o tyranny_n of_o harald_n harfager_n king_n of_o norway_n come_v
and_o set_v up_o a_o government_n for_o himself_o in_o this_o province_n and_o helsingia_n which_o lie_v northward_o in_o suecia_n proper_o so_o call_v have_v on_o the_o east_n part_n of_o the_o province_n of_o medelpadia_n on_o the_o west_n the_o dofrine_a mountain_n on_o the_o north_n angermannia_n and_o on_o the_o south_n part_n of_o helsingia_n and_o medelpadia_n this_o province_n do_v ancient_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n of_o norway_n though_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o olaus_n scotkonung_n it_o be_v say_v to_o have_v revolt_v from_o olaus_n crassus_n then_o king_n of_o norway_n and_o become_v tributary_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n in_o the_o year_n 1613_o by_o a_o peace_n conclude_v between_o the_o northern_a crown_n it_o be_v by_o gustavus_n adolphus_n yield_v up_o to_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n but_o a._n 1642_o repossess_v by_o the_o swede_n pontanus_n in_o his_o map_n of_o scandia_n reckon_v up_o some_o place_n of_o note_n in_o it_o viz._n alsne_n ronvere_n aus_n lidh_n hamer-dal_a vndersaker_n oviken_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o time_n of_o olaus_n magnus_n this_o province_n be_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o vpsal_n near_o a_o small_a village_n in_o this_o country_n there_o be_v say_v messenius_n several_a large_a stone_n with_o gothick_n inscription_n which_o be_v a_o prophesy_n of_o what_o for_o the_o future_a will_v befall_v the_o scandian_o 5._o herrndalia_n herrndalia_n herrndalia_n call_v by_o pontanus_n herdalia_n and_o by_o most_o author_n reckon_v as_o a_o part_n of_o helsingia_n contain_v the_o territory_n of_o nomedal_n hellegeland_n frostena_n indera_fw-la heroa_fw-la with_o some_o other_o all_o which_o belong_v to_o the_o diocese_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o nidrosia_n and_o be_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n of_o the_o baltic_a sea_n the_o finnic_a and_o bothnic_a bay_n and_o the_o swedish_n island_n contain_v in_o they_o the_o baltic_a sea_n sea_n the_o baltic_a sea_n so_o call_v say_v pontanus_n from_o the_o saxon_a and_o english_a word_n belt_n because_o it_o encompass_v the_o kingdom_n of_o sweden_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o belt_n or_o girdle_n or_o as_o jornandes_n will_v have_v it_o from_o baltia_n or_o basilia_n i_o e._n queen_n of_o island_n the_o ancient_a greek_a name_n of_o scandia_n or_o scandinavia_n or_o as_o adam_n bremensis_n be_v of_o opinion_n from_o the_o wisogoth_n who_o inhabit_v upon_o the_o coast_n of_o it_o usual_o call_v balt_n i_o e._n a_o stout_a and_o valiant_a people_n be_v the_o large_a of_o any_o sea_n in_o europe_n except_o the_o mediterranean_a contain_v in_o it_o five_o and_o thirty_o island_n of_o considerable_a bigness_n beside_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o lesser_a note_n the_o whole_a bay_n as_o some_o be_v of_o opinion_n be_v call_v by_o mela_n sinus_n codanus_n q._n gothanus_fw-la or_o gothicus_fw-la from_o gothia_n that_o border_n upon_o it_o or_o caudanus_n from_o cauda_fw-la because_o it_o come_v from_o the_o main_a ocean_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o tail_n of_o a_o beast_n by_o strabo_n the_o venedic_n bay_n from_o the_o venedae_n a_o people_n of_o germany_n who_o live_v upon_o the_o coast_n of_o it_o and_o by_o the_o dane_n and_o swede_n the_o oost-zee_n because_o as_o may_v be_v gather_v out_o of_o the_o history_n of_o eric_n eigod_n king_n of_o denmark_n the_o dane_n who_o go_v pilgrimage_n to_o the_o holy_a land_n use_v to_o pass_v into_o russia_n and_o the_o eastern_a part_n by_o this_o sea_n it_o begin_v at_o the_o narrow_a place_n call_v the_o sund_n and_o interlace_v the_o country_n of_o denmark_n sweden_n germany_n and_o some_o part_n of_o poland_n extend_v itself_o to_o livonia_n and_o lithvania_n it_o either_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o narrowness_n of_o the_o passage_n by_o which_o the_o ocean_n flow_v into_o it_o or_o because_o of_o its_o northerly_a situation_n whereby_o the_o celestial_a influence_n have_v less_o power_n over_o it_o never_o ebb_v nor_o flow_v from_o the_o several_a country_n and_o place_n that_o it_o wash_v it_o have_v diverse_a name_n give_v it_o and_o be_v distinguish_v into_o different_a bay_n the_o most_o remarkable_a be_v 1._o bay_n the_o bothnic_a bay_n the_o bothnic_a bay_n count_v from_o the_o island_n alandia_n northward_o to_o the_o river_n kimi_n which_o fall_v into_o it_o at_o the_o very_o further_a cape_n it_o have_v its_o name_n from_o both_o signify_v in_o the_o swedish_n language_n a_o fenny_a country_n or_o a_o land_n overflow_v with_o water_n 2._o bay_n the_o finnic_a bay_n the_o finnic_a bay_n so_o call_v from_o the_o principality_n of_o finland_n which_o it_o water_n some_o will_v have_v the_o sinus_n venedicus_n of_o strabo_n and_o the_o mare_n amalchium_n of_o pliny_n particular_o to_o denote_v this_o bay_n the_o swedish_n island_n in_o this_o sea_n concern_v those_o that_o be_v under_o the_o danish_a power_n see_v denmark_n to_o begin_v with_o the_o most_o southerly_a first_o be_v 1._o rugen_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o pomeren_n give_v to_o the_o swede_n by_o the_o great_a treaty_n of_o peace_n at_o munster_n and_o osnaburg_n a._n d._n 1649._o of_o which_o consult_v the_o volume_n of_o germany_n 2._o bornholm_n be_v situate_a more_o northward_o than_o rugen_n and_o lie_v opposite_a to_o blekingia_n it_o have_v one_o city_n in_o it_o name_v santwyk_n and_o thirty-two_a small_a village_n this_o island_n be_v by_o a_o ratification_n of_o peace_n hold_v at_o copenhagen_n a._n d._n 1660_o give_v up_o to_o the_o dane_n under_o certain_a condition_n of_o which_o mention_n be_v make_v in_o denmark_n 3._o huena_n or_o hueen_n a_o very_a small_a island_n in_o the_o oresundic_n bay_n famous_a for_o the_o city_n vraniburg_n build_v by_o that_o excellent_a mathematician_n tycho_n brahe_n where_o the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v 55_o deg_fw-la 54_o min._n this_o isle_n be_v yield_v up_o to_o the_o swede_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o forementioned_a peace_n conclude_v betwixt_o the_o two_o northern_a crown_n a._n d._n 1660._o 4._o vtklippa_n 5._o vtlengia_n both_o lie_v over_o against_o blekingia_n 6._o oelandia_n a_o fruitful_a and_o pleasant_a island_n in_o which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o best_a breed_n of_o horse_n that_o be_v in_o all_o the_o swedish_n dominion_n this_o island_n a._n d._n 1526_o be_v take_v by_o christiern_n king_n of_o denmark_n and_o short_o after_o regain_v by_o gustavus_n i._o king_n of_o sweden_n a._n d._n 1613_o it_o be_v put_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o gustavus_n adolphus_n and_o ever_o since_o retain_v by_o the_o swede_n see_v more_o concern_v it_o among_o the_o province_n of_o gothia_n 7._o gotland_n lie_v over_o against_o ostrogothia_a in_o length_n seventy-two_a mile_n and_o in_o breadth_n twenty_o for_o a_o long_a time_n almost_o tear_v in_o piece_n by_o the_o continual_a arm_n of_o denmark_n and_o sweden_n till_o 1648_o by_o a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n betwixt_o christina_n queen_n of_o swedeland_n and_o christiern_n iv_o of_o denmark_n it_o with_o the_o city_n wisbuy_n of_o which_o see_v among_o the_o gothic_a province_n be_v whole_o yield_v up_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o swede_n to_o be_v hold_v by_o they_o as_o a_o perpetual_a possession_n 8._o oselia_n call_v by_o pliny_n oserica_n opposite_a to_o liefland_n and_o reckon_v by_o some_o as_o a_o district_n of_o esthonia_n fifty-six_a mile_n in_o length_n and_o twenty-eight_a in_o breadth_n in_o it_o be_v the_o city_n arnsburg_n fortify_v with_o a_o strong_a castle_n 9_o daghoe_n dachden_n or_o dagheroort_n part_v from_o oselia_n by_o a_o very_a narrow_a bay_n 10._o alandia_n lie_v in_o the_o middle_a sea_n betwixt_o it_o and_o upland_n reckon_v by_o some_o as_o a_o part_n of_o finland_n in_o it_o be_v the_o fort_n castleholm_n 11._o hogland_n in_o the_o finnic_a bay_n with_o severalother_n of_o less_o note_n and_o importance_n regni_fw-la daniae_fw-la accuratissima_fw-la delineato_fw-la nobilissimo_fw-la amplissimo_fw-la consultissimoque_fw-la viro_fw-la d._n gerardo_n schaep_v i._n v._o d._n inclyti_fw-la et_fw-la celeberrimi_fw-la ansterodamensium_fw-la emporii_fw-la consuli_fw-la ac_fw-la senatori_fw-la et_fw-la ad_fw-la serenissimos_fw-la sveciae_fw-la daniaque_fw-la reges_fw-la legato_n dignissimo_fw-la fidelissimo_fw-la d._n d._n d._n joannes_n janssonius_n denmark_n saxo_n grammaticus_n deduce_v the_o name_n of_o denmark_n danmark_n or_o dania_n from_o dan_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o son_n of_o humblus_n a_o prince_n of_o these_o part_n many_o year_n before_o the_o come_n of_o our_o saviour_n this_o opinion_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v a_o ancient_a tradition_n among_o the_o dane_n and_o be_v confirm_v by_o one_o of_o the_o old_a chronicle_n of_o their_o king_n publish_v by_o wormius_n out_o of_o a_o manuscript_n copy_n of_o the_o scanian_a law_n write_v in_o runick_a character_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o which_o we_o read_v dan_o heet_n den_fw-mi force_v cunung_a i_o danmurk_n der_fw-mi var_fw-mi fore_fw-la christus_fw-la borth_z of_o hannom_n call_v be_v danmurk_n i._n e._n the_o first_o
take_v sleswic_n destroy_v the_o church_n root_a out_o christianity_n and_o replant_n paganism_n this_o relapse_n be_v sufficient_o confirm_v by_o the_o many_o runic_a monument_n find_v daily_o in_o and_o about_o this_o city_n who_o inscription_n show_v they_o to_o be_v heathenish_a relic_n though_o of_o too_o late_a a_o date_n to_o have_v be_v erect_v before_o the_o first_o appearance_n of_o christianity_n in_o these_o part_n but_o the_o slavonian_n keep_v not_o long_a foot_n here_o for_o within_o a_o short_a while_n the_o dane_n weary_a of_o the_o tyranny_n and_o idolaty_n of_o stranger_n force_v they_o to_o quit_v their_o conquet_n and_o retire_v whereupon_o paganism_n be_v once_o more_o root_v out_o christianity_n reestablisht_v and_o the_o cathedral_n rebuilt_a soon_o after_o this_o the_o angle_n that_o maintain_v a_o trade_n in_o sleswic_n build_v the_o church_n of_o the_o holy_a ghost_n near_o the_o marketplace_n with_o the_o adjoin_a hospital_n the_o dukedom_n of_o sleswic_n be_v first_o give_v by_o christopher_n king_n of_o denmark_n about_o the_o year_n 1253_o by_o way_n of_o pension_n to_o the_o child_n of_o king_n abel_n upon_o condition_n the_o duke_n of_o pomeren_n and_o some_o other_o petit_fw-fr prince_n of_o vandalia_n will_v engage_v they_o shall_v always_o acknowledge_v a_o dependence_n upon_o and_o never_o pretend_v any_o title_n to_o the_o danish_a crown_n after_o a_o revolution_n of_o some_o year_n it_o become_v the_o inheritance_n of_o christiern_n of_o oldenburg_n king_n of_o denmark_n who_o annex_v it_o to_o the_o danish_a realm_n a_o part_n of_o which_o it_o have_v continue_v ever_o since_o assign_v indeed_o it_o have_v be_v often_o as_o a_o portion_n to_o some_o of_o the_o young_a prince_n of_o the_o blood_n but_o never_o quit_v its_o dependence_n upon_o the_o crown_n this_o city_n as_o appear_v by_o their_o record_n be_v first_o make_v a_o bishop_n see_v by_o the_o emperor_n otho_n the_o first_o who_o upon_o his_o conquest_n of_o jutland_n first_o send_v minister_n hither_o to_o instruct_v the_o ignorant_a heathen_n in_o the_o principle_n of_o the_o christian_a religion_n and_o afterward_o set_v a_o bishop_n over_o the_o new_a convert_v who_o the_o record_n call_v mark._n upon_o the_o south_n of_o sleswic_n lie_v ekelfort_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d call_v so_o from_o the_o abundance_n of_o squirrel_n in_o the_o adjoin_a wood_n as_o the_o arm_n of_o the_o town_n still_o show_v it_o be_v a_o town_n of_o good_a trade_n and_o one_o of_o the_o safe_a part_n in_o the_o baltic_a shore_n flensburch_n take_v its_o name_n from_o flen_a a_o small_a bay_n of_o the_o baltic_a sea_n upon_o which_o it_o be_v seat_v mhy_a in_o his_o accurate_a history_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o flanders_n speak_v of_o henry_n duke_n of_o sleswic_n who_o die_v at_o the_o siege_n of_o this_o city_n a._n d._n 1427_o say_v it_o ought_v to_o be_v call_v vlensburg_n not_o flensburg_n from_o vlens_n which_o in_o the_o language_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n signify_v the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n of_o the_o sea_n some_o fetch_v its_o name_n from_o one_o fleno_fw-it a_o danish_a nobleman_n who_o have_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o fish_n trade_n in_o this_o place_n and_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o manor_n it_o be_v situate_v in_o a_o low_a and_o pleasant_a valley_n begird_v with_o several_a hill_n of_o great_a height_n it_o consist_v chief_o of_o one_o continue_a street_n of_o magnificent_a and_o noble_a building_n the_o length_n of_o which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v near_o two_o english_a mile_n all_o along_o this_o street_n the_o ship_n be_v bring_v up_o in_o a_o port_n so_o commodious_a that_o the_o citizen_n can_v lade_v and_o unlade_v their_o vessel_n at_o their_o door_n on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o hill_n in_o the_o suburb_n stand_v the_o castle_n which_o easy_o command_v the_o town_n and_o haven_n betwixt_o this_o city_n and_o sleswic_n be_v the_o undoubted_a seat_n of_o the_o ancient_a angle_n the_o ancestor_n and_o first_o founder_n of_o our_o english_a nation_n in_o britain_n which_o be_v not_o only_o prove_v by_o the_o assertion_n of_o our_o famous_a historian_n ethelwerd_v quote_v before_o but_o from_o a_o small_a village_n in_o this_o tract_n which_o to_o this_o day_n be_v call_v anglen_n ptolomey_n indeed_o and_o tacitus_n place_n the_o ancient_a angli_fw-la furrh_a southward_o as_o far_o as_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o elb_n and_o they_o be_v doubtless_o a_o more_o populous_a nation_n than_o can_v reasonable_o be_v imagine_v to_o be_v confine_v to_o so_o narrow_a a_o piece_n of_o ground_n as_o at_o this_o day_n go_v under_o the_o name_n of_o anglen_n in_o the_o map_n of_o our_o modern_a geographer_n for_o we_o can_v otherwise_o conceive_v they_o shall_v so_o far_o overpower_v the_o saxon_n and_o jute_n who_o come_v with_o they_o into_o britain_n as_o to_o call_v so_o great_a a_o part_n of_o our_o land_n after_o their_o own_o name_n without_o any_o notice_n take_v of_o their_o ally_n hadersleve_fw-fr seven_o german_a mile_n distant_a from_o flensburg_n northward_o hadersleve_fw-fr hadersleve_fw-fr be_v first_o make_v a_o city_n and_o have_v its_o charter_n confirm_v by_o waldemar_n duke_n of_o jutland_n about_o the_o year_n 1292._o it_o be_v former_o defend_v by_o a_o strong_a castle_n build_v on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o hill_n which_o overlook_v the_o town_n this_o john_n earl_n of_o holstein_n pull_v down_o and_o instead_o thereof_o begin_v to_o build_v a_o new_a one_o call_v from_o he_o hansburg_n or_o john's-castle_n for_o hans_n in_o the_o high_a dutch_a and_o danish_a tongue_n be_v the_o same_o with_o john_n which_o be_v finish_v by_o king_n frideric_n the_o second_o the_o most_o of_o the_o street_n in_o hadersleve_n be_v of_o a_o good_a breadth_n and_o very_o uniform_a in_o the_o great_a church_n be_v to_o be_v see_v a_o stately_a monument_n erect_v by_o king_n eric_n the_o eight_o to_o the_o memory_n of_o rombold_n duke_n of_o silesia_n who_o be_v send_v ambassador_n hither_o from_o the_o emperor_n sigismond_n to_o compose_v the_o difference_n between_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o the_o earl_n of_o holstein_n about_o the_o claim_n lay_v by_o both_o party_n to_o the_o dukedom_n of_o sleswic_n and_o die_v before_o the_o work_n be_v finish_v on_o the_o western_a coast_n of_o south-jutland_a live_v the_o srond-frisians_n srond-frisians_n srond-frisians_n mention_v often_o by_o saxon_a grammaticus_n as_o man_n of_o great_a strength_n and_o agility_n of_o body_n this_o historian_n reckon_v eyderstede_n a_o part_n of_o his_o frisia_n minor_a but_o now_o a_o day_n there_o be_v none_o go_v under_o the_o name_n of_o strand-frisians_n except_o a_o small_a remnant_n of_o people_n who_o inhabit_v the_o strant_n a_o inconsiderable_a island_n in_o the_o german_a ocean_n and_o a_o little_a narrow_a tract_n of_o land_n between_o husem_n and_o langenhorn_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o this_o petit_fw-fr province_n they_o have_v a_o marketplace_n where_o they_o maintain_v a_o small_a traffic_n and_o commerce_n among_o themselves_o their_o country_n be_v defend_v from_o the_o rage_n of_o the_o sea_n like_a holland_n and_o other_o part_n of_o the_o netherlands_o by_o great_a earthen_a bank_n which_o preserve_v their_o meadow_n and_o corn_n field_n lie_v all_o on_o one_o level_a from_o the_o wave_n they_o have_v a_o great_a art_n of_o make_v the_o white_a and_o best_a salt_n in_o europe_n of_o earth_n soak_a in_o the_o sea-water_n dry_v and_o boil_v saxo_n say_v these_o people_n be_v a_o colony_n of_o frislander_n in_o the_o low_a country_n who_o be_v a_o laborious_a nation_n and_o destitute_a of_o habitation_n in_o their_o own_o country_n come_v hither_o to_o seek_v their_o fortune_n and_o by_o drain_n the_o fen_n make_v this_o piece_n of_o marshy_a ground_n habitable_a what_o time_n this_o transplantation_n happen_v be_v not_o mention_v in_o the_o danish_a chronicle_n but_o that_o it_o be_v so_o will_v be_v manifest_a to_o any_o one_o that_o will_v compare_v the_o language_n habit_n and_o manner_n of_o this_o people_n with_o those_o of_o the_o frisian_n in_o the_o netherlands_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o town_n of_o note_n in_o the_o southern_a jutland_n be_v 1._o husem_n a_o rich_a and_o neat_a port-town_n on_o the_o western_a shore_n 2._o the_o two_o tunderens_n great_a and_o less_o both_o place_n of_o considerable_a traffic_n upon_o the_o same_o coast_n 3._o gottorp_n the_o ancient_a seat_n of_o the_o earl_n and_o duke_n of_o holstein_n it_o be_v seat_v on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o sly_a exceed_o well_o fortify_v and_o very_o remarkable_a for_o the_o tol-booth_n or_o custom-house_n which_o one_o year_n with_o another_o bring_v in_o toll_n for_o at_o least_o 50000_o ox_n which_o be_v bring_v out_o of_o jutland_n into_o germany_n 4._o appenrade_n seat_v on_o a_o small_a bay_n of_o the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o much_o frequent_v by_o the_o danish_a fisherman_n of_o the_o ancient_a wall_n of_o partition_n which_o
endeavour_n to_o prove_v that_o xen._n lampsacenus_n mention_n the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o thence_o conclude_v that_o this_o name_n be_v much_o more_o ancient_a than_o most_o of_o the_o modern_a geographer_n fancy_n who_o make_v adam_n bremensis_n and_o helmoldus_n the_o first_o author_n that_o call_v this_o bay_a mare_n balthicum_n but_o he_o that_o shall_v take_v the_o pain_n to_o examine_v pliny_n word_n upon_o this_o occasion_n will_v find_v that_o no_o mention_n be_v there_o make_v of_o the_o baltic_a sea_n but_o of_o a_o island_n only_o in_o these_o part_n call_v baltia_n which_o be_v now_o name_v schonen_fw-mi but_o be_v not_o as_o the_o ancient_n imagine_v a_o isle_n from_o this_o baltia_n some_o think_v this_o sea_n be_v call_v baltic_n as_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o island_n adria_n other_o more_o happy_o derive_v the_o word_n from_o the_o danish_a and_o english_a word_n belt_n because_o seeland_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n dominion_n be_v gird_v round_o with_o this_o bay_n and_o to_o this_o day_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o seeland_n and_o funen_n call_v that_o small_a arm_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o part_n these_o two_o island_n die_v belt_n pomponius_n mela_n who_o be_v follow_v by_o many_o late_a writer_n of_o good_a note_n call_v the_o baltic_a sea_n sinus_n codanus_n which_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o the_o danish_a bay_n for_o codanus_n godanus_n or_o gedanus_n be_v the_o same_o with_o danus_n and_o gedanum_n and_o dantiscum_n signify_v the_o same_o thing_n and_o indeed_o when_o we_o consider_v what_o a_o large_a portion_n of_o the_o danish_a kingdom_n be_v encircle_v with_o the_o sea_n we_o shall_v find_v reason_n enough_o notwithstanding_o the_o late_a surrender_n of_o several_a island_n to_o the_o swede_n to_o let_v it_o still_o retain_v this_o its_o ancient_a name_n the_o most_o considerable_a island_n in_o the_o baltic_a which_o at_o this_o day_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o crown_n of_o denmark_n be_v these_o that_o follow_v fionia_n fionia_n or_o funen_n be_v part_v from_o jutland_n by_o a_o straight_a of_o the_o baltic_a call_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n medelfarsund_v about_o one_o german_a mile_n in_o breadth_n and_o separate_v from_o seeland_n by_o the_o beltis-sund_a or_o baltic_n bay_n the_o length_n of_o it_o from_o east_n to_o west_n be_v about_o ten_o german_a mile_n and_o the_o breadth_n eight_o saxon_a grammaticus_n lyscander_n and_o most_o of_o the_o danish_a writer_n make_v this_o the_o pleasant_a piece_n of_o ground_n in_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n dominion_n whence_o they_o have_v fancy_v the_o island_n have_v its_o name_n from_o fine_a which_o have_v the_o same_o signification_n in_o funen_n as_o in_o england_n though_o adam_n bremensis_n may_v seem_v to_o favour_v this_o conceit_n in_o call_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o island_n finni_n and_o their_o country_n finningia_n and_o pontanus_n allow_v the_o etymology_n yet_o methinks_v stephanius_n guess_v better_a at_o the_o derivation_n of_o the_o word_n when_o he_o fetch_v it_o from_o fion_n which_o in_o the_o old_a runic_a monument_n signify_v a_o neck_n of_o land_n rend_v from_o the_o continent_n and_o such_o any_o man_n will_v suppose_v funen_n to_o be_v who_o shall_v have_v the_o opportunity_n of_o view_v that_o slender_a frith_n which_o at_o this_o day_n separate_v that_o island_n from_o jutland_n the_o island_n abound_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o corn_n especial_o wheat_n and_o rye_n which_o be_v hence_o yearly_o transport_v in_o great_a quantity_n into_o other_o nation_n beside_o the_o native_n have_v general_o great_a herd_n of_o cattle_n and_o very_o good_a breed_v of_o horse_n the_o wood_n which_o overspread_v almost_o the_o whole_a island_n be_v exceed_o well_o store_v with_o deer_n hare_n and_o fox_n the_o chief_a city_n in_o this_o island_n be_v ottensee_n which_o some_o will_v have_v to_o take_v its_o name_n from_o woden_n the_o great_a god_n of_o the_o ancient_a dane_n who_o some_o of_o their_o historian_n call_v othin_n or_o odin_n other_o more_o probable_o say_v it_o be_v build_v by_o the_o emperor_n otho_n the_o first_o who_o overrun_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o danish_a kingdom_n and_o leave_v his_o name_n in_o more_o place_n than_o one_o this_o opinion_n seem_v to_o be_v confirm_v by_o a_o letter_n write_v by_o the_o emperor_n otho_n the_o three_o about_o the_o year_n 987_o in_o which_o this_o city_n be_v name_v vrbs_fw-la othonesvigensis_n pontanus_n think_v it_o be_v first_o build_v by_o king_n harald_n who_o to_o testify_v his_o gratitude_n to_o the_o forementioned_a emperor_n otho_n the_o first_o by_o who_o procurement_n he_o be_v convert_v to_o christianity_n call_v it_o ottonia_n or_o ottensche_n and_o his_o son_n suenotto_n this_o city_n be_v seat_v in_o the_o very_a centre_n of_o the_o island_n and_o therefore_o in_o a_o fit_a place_n for_o the_o session_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o magistracy_n which_o be_v yearly_o hold_v in_o this_o place_n as_o be_v likewise_o the_o general_a assembly_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n before_o the_o year_n 1660._o the_o building_n in_o this_o town_n be_v general_o well_o build_v and_o the_o street_n uniform_a beside_o other_o public_a building_n there_o be_v in_o it_o two_o fair_a church_n whereof_o one_o be_v dedicate_v to_o st._n cnute_n the_o other_o to_o st._n francis_n not_o far_o from_o the_o former_a of_o these_o stand_v a_o stately_a town-hall_n upon_o a_o very_a spacious_a marketplace_n where_o king_n frideric_n ii_o renew_v the_o ancient_a league_n between_o the_o crown_n of_o denmark_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o holstein_n and_o sleswic_n in_o the_o year_n 1575._o when_o the_o choir_n of_o st._n cnute_n church_n be_v repair_v in_o the_o year_n 1582_o the_o workman_n find_v in_o a_o vault_n a_o copper_n coffin_a gild_a and_o adorn_v with_o precious_a stone_n upon_o which_o be_v write_v the_o follow_a inscription_n in_o old_a latin-gothic_a character_n jam_fw-la coelo_fw-la tutus_fw-la summo_fw-la cum_fw-la rege_fw-la canutus_n martyr_n in_o aurata_fw-la rex_fw-la atque_fw-la reconditur_fw-la arca_fw-la et_fw-la pro_fw-la justitiae_fw-la factis_fw-la occisus_fw-la inque_fw-la ut_fw-la christum_fw-la vita_fw-la sic_fw-la morte_fw-la fatetur_fw-la in_o ipsa_fw-la traditur_fw-la a_o proprio_fw-la sicut_fw-la deus_fw-la ipse_fw-la ministro_fw-la a.d._n mlxxxvi_o other_o town_n of_o note_n in_o funen_n be_v 1._o bowens_n a_o port-town_n of_o good_a trade_n seat_v on_o the_o westside_n of_o the_o island_n at_o the_o north-end_n of_o medelfarsund_n 2._o middlefar_n seat_v on_o the_o common_a passage_n from_o this_o island_n to_o kolding_n in_o jutland_n on_o the_o thirty_o of_o january_n in_o the_o year_n 1658._o carolus_n gustavus_n king_n of_o sweden_n lead_v his_o army_n over_o the_o ice_n to_o this_o place_n and_o have_v rout_v the_o danish_a force_n that_o oppose_v he_o make_v himself_o absolute_a master_n of_o the_o whole_a isle_n of_o funen_n 3._o ascens_fw-la not_o far_o from_o the_o mountain_n of_o ossenburgh_n where_o john_n de_fw-fr hoy_n nicholas_n fechlenburgh_n and_o gustavus_n troll_n bishop_n of_o vpsal_n be_v slay_v and_o their_o army_n command_v by_o christopher_n earl_n of_o oldenburgh_n total_o rout_v by_o john_n rantzaw_v king_n christian_n the_o three_o general_n who_o level_v this_o city_n to_o the_o ground_n 4._o foborg_n upon_o the_o southern_a coast_n of_o the_o island_n it_o be_v once_o burn_v by_o the_o unruly_a soldier_n of_o christian_a the_o three_o whilst_o odensee_n adhere_v to_o the_o captive_a prince_n christian_n the_o second_o who_o at_o that_o time_n be_v keep_v close_a prisoner_n at_o sunderburg_n redeem_v itself_o from_o the_o like_a fate_n by_o a_o large_a sum_n of_o money_n 5._o swynborg_n over_o against_o the_o island_n of_o langland_n from_o this_o place_n carolus_n gustavus_n king_n of_o sweden_n lead_v his_o army_n over_o the_o ice_n into_o seeland_n in_o the_o year_n 1658._o 6._o nyborg_n the_o usual_a passage_n from_o funen_n into_o seeland_n this_o city_n be_v first_o fortify_v with_o a_o moat_n and_o bulwark_n by_o king_n christian_n the_o three_o it_o be_v very_o memorable_a for_o the_o battle_n fight_v by_o the_o confederate_n of_o the_o empire_n brandenburg_n poland_n and_o the_o low_a country_n in_o the_o year_n 1659._o against_o the_o swede_n who_o in_o that_o engagement_n be_v overthrow_v and_o utter_o rout_v out_o of_o funen_n beside_o the_o great_a town_n mention_v there_o be_v in_o funen_n a_o great_a number_n of_o fair_a village_n among_o which_o they_o reckon_v up_o no_o less_o than_o 264_o parish_n church_n seeland_n seeland_n the_o large_a fair_a and_o most_o fruitful_a island_n in_o the_o baltic_a sea_n lie_v to_o the_o east_n of_o funen_n from_o which_o it_o be_v separate_v as_o we_o have_v say_v before_o by_o the_o belt_n on_o the_o other_o side_n it_o be_v part_v from_o schonen_fw-mi by_o a_o small_a frith_n call_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n oresundt_fw-mi through_o which_o
can_v be_v bring_v up_o to_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o town_n iii_o gripswald_n gripswald_n gripswald_n which_o be_v questionless_a a_o large_a and_o populous_a town_n before_o it_o be_v wall_v round_o in_o the_o year_n 1233_o and_o turn_v into_o a_o strong_a city_n after_o which_o time_n it_o be_v daily_o enlarge_v and_o enrich_v by_o the_o great_a resort_n of_o hollander_n and_o other_o foreign_a merchant_n who_o have_v here_o the_o convenience_n of_o lade_n their_o ship_n with_o as_o good_a salt_n as_o any_o that_o lunenburg_n or_o the_o other_o famous_a salt-market_n of_o germany_n will_v at_o this_o day_n afford_v but_o upon_o the_o decay_n of_o wood_n the_o small_a forest_n near_o gripswald_n be_v quick_o burn_v up_o in_o supply_v their_o furnace_n with_o fuel_n this_o trade_n vanish_v and_o the_o town_n have_v much_o ado_n to_o keep_v up_o to_o the_o riches_n and_o splendour_n it_o have_v long_o since_o attain_v the_o only_a commendation_n of_o the_o town_n at_o present_a be_v that_o it_o be_v a_o regular_o and_o well_o fortify_v place_n and_o considerable_a for_o a_o university_n which_o have_v breed_v up_o and_o continue_v so_o to_o do_v many_o brave_a man_n singular_o eminent_a for_o their_o part_n and_o learning_n in_o the_o field_n and_o meadow_n near_o gripswald_n there_o grow_v a_o kind_n of_o wild_a garlic_n which_o the_o neighbourhood_n call_v ramess_n in_o such_o quantity_n that_o each_o year_n for_o near_a a_o month_n about_o whitsuntide_n when_o the_o herb_n flower_n it_o smell_v so_o intolerable_a strong_a that_o a_o stranger_n will_v hardly_o be_v able_a to_o struggle_v with_o the_o offensive_a stench_n of_o a_o walk_n for_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o mile_n without_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o city_n all_o the_o butter_n sell_v in_o the_o town_n savour_v strong_a of_o this_o nauseous_a herb_n and_o the_o very_a flesh_n of_o cattle_n that_o graze_v in_o these_o pasture_n taste_v as_o if_o it_o be_v stuff_v with_o garlic_n there_o be_v beside_o these_o city_n mention_v 〈…〉_o other_o 〈…〉_o many_o other_o great_a town_n of_o note_n in_o pomeren_n though_o not_o so_o considerable_a as_o to_o merit_v a_o particular_a description_n in_o this_o place_n such_o be_v 1._o damgarten_n and_o 2._o tribsee_v both_o situate_a on_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o mecklenburg_n and_o remarkable_a for_o a_o toll_n or_o impost_n exact_v upon_o traveller_n by_o the_o swedish_n officer_n the_o duke_n of_o mecklenburg_n lie_v claim_v to_o all_o right_n and_o privilege_n in_o these_o two_o town_n but_o the_o memorial_n exhibit_v to_o that_o purpose_n to_o the_o mediator_n in_o the_o late_a treaty_n at_o nimeguen_n do_v not_o meet_v with_o the_o expect_a success_n 3._o loytz_n 4._o lassen_n 5._o treptow_n with_o several_a other_o rugia_fw-la insula_fw-la ducatus_n accuratissime_fw-la descripta_fw-la ab_fw-la e._n lubino_n arces_fw-la nobilium_fw-la pleraeque_fw-la hoc_fw-la signo_fw-la notantur_fw-la apud_fw-la janssonio-waesburgios_a mosem_fw-la 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of_o former_a age_n be_v able_a to_o invent_v for_o it_o be_v seat_v on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o vast_a rock_n by_o the_o seashore_n which_o be_v so_o high_a that_o no_o arrow_n shoot_v from_o the_o strong_a bow_n can_v possible_o reach_v the_o castle_n so_o that_o the_o fort_n be_v certain_o tenable_a so_o long_o as_o the_o besiege_a be_v provide_v with_o victual_n and_o ammunition_n the_o isle_n be_v former_o of_o a_o much_o large_a extent_n than_o it_o be_v at_o this_o day_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d reach_v out_o to_o the_o southeast_n as_o far_o as_o ruden_n which_o be_v now_o a_o island_n of_o itself_o distant_a about_o three_o league_n from_o rugen_n whereof_o it_o be_v ancient_o a_o part_n this_o separation_n be_v occasion_v by_o a_o great_a tempest_n in_o the_o year_n 1303_o some_o say_v 1309_o at_o which_o time_n the_o sea_n break_v its_o bank_n drown_v a_o great_a part_n of_o rugen_n and_o make_v by_o this_o breach_n so_o deep_a a_o channel_n call_v by_o the_o shipman_n das_n new_a tieff_n other_o schiffart_n i._n e._n the_o new_a channel_n that_o the_o great_a ship_n that_o sail_v on_o the_o baltic_a can_v pass_v this_o way_n to_o stralsund_v a_o great_a advancement_n to_o the_o trade_n of_o that_o city_n whereas_o before_o this_o accident_n there_o be_v no_o passage_n this_o way_n except_v only_o a_o narrow_a road_n for_o hulk_n or_o small_a hoy_n call_v by_o the_o mariner_n dan_n bellen_n which_o the_o danish_a merchantment_n have_v almost_o stop_v up_o with_o continual_a throw_v into_o it_o the_o ballast_n of_o their_o ship_n at_o the_o present_a whole_a isle_n be_v about_o thirty_o english_a mile_n in_o breadth_n and_o as_o much_o in_o length_n so_o that_o the_o whole_a circumference_n amount_v to_o ninety_o mile_n be_v it_o exact_o round_a or_o thereabouts_o but_o rugen_n have_v so_o many_o creek_n promontory_n peninsul_n wind_n and_o turn_n that_o he_o who_o go_v about_o to_o take_v a_o exact_a survey_n of_o its_o whole_a circumference_n will_v find_v it_o much_o large_a for_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o so_o many_o branch_n of_o the_o sea_n break_v into_o the_o island_n that_o no_o part_n of_o the_o land_n be_v above_o two_o or_o three_o english_a mile_n from_o the_o shore_n and_o yet_o every_o small_a province_n in_o the_o isle_n as_o the_o peninsul_n wittaw_fw-mi and_o jasmunt_fw-la the_o country_n of_o bergen_n the_o isle_n of_o vmmantz_n viddensee_n zuder_n etc._n etc._n be_v so_o well_o secure_v by_o nature_n from_o the_o most_o tempestuous_a rage_n of_o the_o water_n that_o the_o inhabitant_n need_v not_o fear_v a_o deluge_n rugen_n be_v so_o rich_a a_o corn-country_n commodity_n commodity_n that_o it_o be_v usual_o call_v the_o barn_n of_o stralsund_n as_o sicily_n be_v of_o rome_n beside_o it_o be_v well_o stock_v with_o good_a breed_v of_o horse_n kine_n sheep_n etc._n etc._n and_o especial_o with_o goose_n which_o be_v the_o large_a in_o europe_n it_o be_v ancient_o commend_v for_o a_o country_n where_o neither_o wolf_n nor_o rat_n 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wonderful_a height_n which_o hang_v over_o the_o sea_n stubbenkamer_n stubbenkamer_n and_o be_v ancient_o a_o notable_a shelter_n for_o pirate_n who_o use_v to_o cruise_v upon_o these_o coast_n this_o den_n be_v call_v by_o the_o native_n do_v stubbenkamer_n or_o bedchamber_n there_o be_v no_o mart-town_n of_o any_o consequence_n in_o the_o island_n strength_n strength_n nor_o have_v the_o inhabitant_n the_o opportunity_n of_o trade_n with_o any_o merchant_n save_o their_o neighbour_n of_o stralsund_n who_o buy_v up_o all_o the_o corn_n and_o other_o commodity_n in_o the_o country_n so_o that_o we_o can_v expect_v to_o meet_v with_o such_o multitude_n of_o people_n here_o as_o in_o the_o other_o isle_n of_o the_o baltic_a however_o rugen_n be_v everywhere_o so_o populous_a that_o it_o be_v able_a upon_o a_o very_a small_a warning_n to_o bring_v seven_o thousand_o stout_a fight_a man_n into_o the_o field_n which_o if_o resolute_a and_o