the Country of Nagaia The 14. We were stay'd by a contrary wind and a tempest coming from the South-East so that we could hardly advance two werstes ere we were forc'd to cast Anchor and to continue there till the next day We lay at 80 foot water The Tartarian Prince sent us a Present of Beer Hydromel and Aquavitae with notice that if we liked it we might have more Sept. 15. the wind changing we set sail by four in the morning taking our course Southward and betimes in the morning came before the Isle of Busan 25 werstes from Astrachan and afterwards to a sixth Branch of the River Wolga called Baltzick within 15 werstes of the City The plain which reaches from that place to Astrachan gave us the sight of the City by 8 in the morning Three werstes lower and 12 from the City there is a seventh Branch of the Wolga called Knilusse which makes the Island of Dilgoi within which Astrachan is seated and having compass'd the Isle it falls into the Caspian Sea by many several chanels or ostiaes We came to Astrachan about noon and whereas the City lies on the other side of the River which in that place divides Europe and Asia we may say that as we departed out of that part of the World which we may in some manner call our Country we made our first step into the other We made some stay before the City in the midst of the River and saluted it with a Volley both of all our great Guns and small shot whereat the Inhabitants who were come in great numbers to the river-side were the more surpriz'd by reason they were not accustomed to hear Thunders of that kind It will not be amiss in this place by a short digression to give an account of the situation of Astrachan of the qualities of the Country and the life of the Inhabitants The Antient Geographers as Ptolomy Strabo and others who follow them had no knowledge of these Tartars no more than their neighbours and have not made any mention of them but only under a general name of Scythians aud Sarmatians though they should indeed have been distinguish'd into so many different Nations suitable to the diversity there is in their Names their Language and manner of Life in all which they have nothing common one with the other Mathias de Michou a Physician and Canon of Cracovia who liv'd at the beginning of the last age says that those who confound the Tartars with those Nations which the Antients called Getae Scythae and Sarmatae are much mistaken in as much as the Tartars have not been known but since the thirteenth Age. For in May 1211. there appear'd a Comet which having its tail towards the West and menacing the Don and Russia presag'd the invasion which the Tartars made into those parts the year following They were certain Indian Lords who having kill'd their King David got away first towards the Euxine Sea near the Palus Meotides where lived the antient Getae whence they afterwards advanc'd towards the Don and thence to the river Wolga where they live to this day The same Author distinguishes them into four species to wit the Zavâ—lhenses whom he also calls Czahadai Precopenses Cosanenses and Nohacenses and says they are the Tartars who live along the river Wolga which he calls Volha those of Precop those of Casan and those of Nagaia who are those of whom we are to treat of at present Alexander Guagnin of Verona divides them into eight Colonies and gives them other names but it is our design to entertain the Reader only with what we have seen and to discover that part of Tartaria through which we travel'd We say then that they call Nagaia that part of Tartary which lies between the rivers of Wolga and Iaika as far as the Caspian Sea whereof Astrachan is the principal City It is reported that a Tartar-King named Astra-chan built it and gave it his own name So that the Baron of Herberstein is very much mistaken when he says in his Relation of Muscovy that it is some days journey distant from the River whereas it is seated on the river-side and in the Isle of Dolgoi made there by two branches of the said River After several very exact observations I found the Elevation of the Pole there to be 26 degrees 22. minutes and the Climat so hot that in the Months of September and October the heats were still as great as they are in Germany in the height of Summer especially when the wind blew from-wards the Wolga East or North-East 'T is true the South-wind was there somewhat colder and brought with it the inconveniences nay indeed the scent of the neighbouring Sea wherewith it infected the whole Air. At our return that way our stay there happened to be in Iune Iuly and August and yet the heats were not absolutely insupportable in regard they were moderated by the coolness which the South-wind continually brought along with it But what is to be most admir'd is that in this hot Climat the Winter which lasts but two months is so exceeding cold that the River is frozen up and bears Sledges Which is contrary to what other Authors say of it yet the Reader may take it for most certain The Island of Dolgoi is sandy and barren insomuch that some Gardens and Lands cultivated by the Inhabitants of Astrachan excepted it produces nothing at all no more than does the Continent on the right hand but on the left towards the river Iaika there are very good pastures On this side the Wolga West-ward lies a long Heath of above 70. German leagues reaching as far as the Euxin Sea and towards the South another of above 80. leagues along the Caspian Sea as we found at our return from Persia when it was our chance to measure it by eleven very tedious dayes journeys Yet are not these Deserts so barren but they produce more Salt than the marshes in France and Spain do The Inhabitants of those parts call them Mozakofski Kainkowa and Gwostofski which are ten fifteen and thirty werstes from Astrachan and have salt veins which the Sun bakes and causes to swim upon the face of the water about a finger thick much like Rock-Christal and in such abundance that paying an Impost of a half-penny upon every Poude that is forty pound weight a man may have as much as he pleases It smells like that of France and the Muscovites drive a great Trade with it bringing it to the side of the Wolga where they put it up in great heaps till they have the convenience of transporting it elsewhere Petreius in his History of Muscovy sayes that within two leagues of Astrachan there are two mountains which he calls Busin which afford such abundance of Rock-salt that if thirty thousand men were perpetually at work about it they would not be able to exhaust the pits But I could learn nothing of
The 1. they come to the Neuschans to the Lake Ladoga to Noteborough ibid. Spiring a Swedish Ambassador the Swedish Ambassadors depart a Suedish resolution the Muscovites sleep after dinner the reception of the Swedish Ambassadors p. 6 A Muscovian Collation the situation of Notebourg its description ibid. Here they continue six weeks IVLY The Ambassadors come to Laba their reception ibid. Another Muscovian Collation The Ambassadors are defrayd all the time of their aboad in Muscovy according to the custom and they take their allowance in money p. 7 The Musick and dancing of Muscovy ib. They embark upon the Wolgda a distinct River from the Wolga The devotion of the Muscovites ibid. Wolgda described a dangerous fall of water troublesome flies and other insects the Presents of a Muscovian Monk the Muscovites do not condemn those of a contrary belief p. 7. 8 The come to Corodiza to Soliza to Grunza to Wisoke to Krifzeuiza to Novogorod to Brunitz p. 8 AUGVST The 1. a Muscovian Procession ibid They come that day to Crasmistansky the 2 to Gam-Chresta to Iazelbitza to Simnagora to Wolsolk to Columna and the 7. to Badeua p. 9 The 8. come to Torsock travelling in those eight dayes 71. leagues ibid. The 9. come to Tuere upon a River of the same name which falls into the Wolga The 13. to Nicholas-Nachinski the 14. to MOSCOU ibid. There they stay above four months Their reception and entrance into Moscou p. 10 The 19. they have their first Audience Their Cavalcade p. 11 The Presents made to the Great Duke ib. The Ceremonies of the Audience 13. The Great Duke treats the Ambassadors ibid. They are permitted to go abroad contrary to the ordinary custom of the Muscovites p. 14 SEPTEMBER The 1. was celebrated the Muscovian New-years-day ibid. Their Epoche is the Creation of the World ibid. The Ambassadors of Holstein negotiate jointly with those of Sweden about the Silk-trade in Persia. ibid. The entrance of the Tartarian Embassy 15 The entrance of a Turkish Ambassador 16 The Turkish Ambassador's Presents ibid. Those of certain Greeck Ecclesiasticks 17 OCTOBER A Muscovian Festival celebrated Oct. ibid The Cavalcade of the Great Duke and Dutchess ibid. NOVEMBER The 19. the Ambassadors have their last private Audience the Great Duke grants them passage through the Country Another Muscovian Procession 18 A Cavalcade of Crim-Tartars 72. in number all Ambassadors Our last publick Audience ibid. The Great Duke's Present to the Ambassadors 19 THEIR RETURN towards HOLSTEIN The Ambassadors leave Moscou ibid. Come December the 26. to T were the 20 to Tarsock and the 31. to Novogorod 120. leagues in seven daies 20 M.DC.XXXV IANVARY 1. Leave Novogorod come the next day to Mokriza the 2. to Tuerin the 3. to Orlin the 4. to Zariza and the 5. to Narva 38. leag and a half in 9. daies ibid. 7. Leave Narva and come to Reuel the 10. ib. Here they staid neer 3. weeks FEBRVARY Leave Reuel Ian. 30. and come Feb. 2. to Parnau taking their way by land along the Baltick-Sea and so through Livonia Curland Prussia Pomerania and Meklenbourg The City of Parnau described ibid. The Ambassadors come to Riga Febr. 6. and leave it the 12. and come to Mittau the 14. 21 Description of the Dutchy of Courland and the Prince now reigning there ibid. The Ambassadors come to Bador in Poland 22 leagues in three daies ibid. Come the 19. to Memel in the Dutchy of Prussia 16. l. in 3. daies Memel described ib. Leave Memel Febr. 20. and come the 21. to Koningsberg the Metropolis of Prussia 16. l 2. daies 22 Koningsberg described where they see among other things the Elector of Branderburg's Library ibid. Leave Koningsberg the 24. and exchange the Sledges for Waggons come to Elbing and thence to Dantzick 20. leag 3. daies ibid. There they continue 17. daies Dantzick described its situation Magistrate Privileges Commerce c. ibid MARCH The 16. they leave Dantzick and come the 25. to Stetin which described 23 Come the 29. to Rostock in the Dutchy of Mecklenbourg ibid. A description of the City of Rostock and its Vniversity ibid. Leave Rostock the 30. and come the same day to Wismar which described ibid Mar. the last come to the Castle of Schonberg ibid APRIL The 1. Leave Schonberg and come to Lubeck which described ibid Leave Lubeck the 3. come the next day to Arnsbock the 5. to Pretz the 6. to Kiel and the same day to Gottorp 24 THE SECOND VOYAGE into Muscovy and Persia. M.DC.XXXV OCTOBER The Ambassadors having made their report and augmented their Train leave Hamborough Oct. 22. and come the 24. to Lubeck 10. leagues 25 Embark at Travemunde the 27. come the 29. neer the Castle of Bornholm touch against a Rock the night following land in the Iland of Oeland come to Calmer 26 A description of the Iland of Gotland 27 A description of the Iland of Hogland against the Rocks whereof the Ship is split but the men goods and horses are saved the provisions are spoil'd and lost and the Embassy reduc'd to great extremities in a desert Iland 28 NOVEMBER The 17. the Amb. leave Hogland in two Fisher-boats with much danger and land in Livonia the 18. 29 DECEMBER The 2. they come to Ruel the Metropolis of Esthonie where they continue three months ibid A description of Livonia its Frontiers Lords Fertility Inhabitants Order of Knights the manner of life of the Livonians the Ceremonies of their mariages the Religion Barbarism and Superstition of the Peasantry of those parts their Nobility the Government of Livonia p. 30. c. M.DC.XXXVI MARCH The 2. the Ambassadors leave Reuel and come the fifth to Narva 17. l. 4. daies 34 A description of Narva its Commerce Political Government the Castle of Juanogorod A remarkable story of a mad Wolf and a Bear 35 The 7. they leave Narva come the same day to Lilienhagen the 8. to Sarits the 9. Orlin and the same day thence to Tzuerin 3. daies 24. leagues thence to Dosan thence to Mokriza 8. l. ibid. A Pristaf meets them at Orlin and receives them in the Great Duke's name 36 The 11. they came to Novogorod where they stay five daies ibid. A description of the said City its situation on the River Wolgda its bigness the cruelties exercis'd there by the Great Dukes of Muscovy the fabulous voyage of St. Anthony 37 The 16. they leave Novogorod pass through Brunits Miedna Kressa Iaselbitza Simnagora Columna Wisnawolloka and Windra-Pussk and came the 21. to Torsock 59. leagues 6. dayes 38 The 22. they leave Torsock passe through Troitzka Micdna and came the next day to T were 12. l. two daies There they embark upon the Wolgda the 23. but the next day prosecute their journey by land pass through Garodna Sawidowa Saulka-spas Klin Beschick and Zerkizowo and come the 28. to Nichola Darebna 29. l. 6. daies ibid. The 29. they leave Nichola Darebna and the same day make their entrance into Moscou
l. 2. daies 114 The 8. to Sabackzar 8. l. 1. day 115 The 9. to Kocks-chaga 5. leagues 1. day ibid The 13. to Suiatzki and the same day opposite to Casan where they find a Caravan conducting a Tartar-Prince and a Factor of the King of Persia's ibid The description of Casan its situation buildings Castle how the Province of the same name conquer'd by the Muscovites which occasions a pleasant diversion the exemplary fidelity of a Weywode the Great Duke forc'd out of Muscovy takes the City of Casan by storm ibid. Melons of extraordinary bigness 116 The 15. they leave Casan come the 17. to the mouth of the River Kama which falls into the Wolga on the left hand 12. leagues from Casan 117 The Iland of Sokol ibid The 18. they come to the River Serdick and afterwards to that of Vtka and see as they pass by the City of Tetus 25. leag from Casan 118 The 19. they pass before the Iland Staritzo which is three leagues in length ibid The fishing of the Muscovites and Tartars ibid Botenska Iland the Cape of Polibno the River Beitma and several Cities ruin'd by Tamerlane ibid The mountain Arbeuchin ibid The River Adrobe the Salt-mountain the River Vssa the mountain Divisagora ibid Iabla-neu-quas or the Cider-valley ibid The mountain Sariol-Kurgan and that of Savobie 119 S. Nicholas's red Snakes ibid The 28. betimes in the morning they come to the City of Samara 60. l. from Casan upon the River of the same name within two wersles of the Wolga ibid The same day they come to the mountain of the Cosaques and opposite to the fall of the River Ascola 120 The River Pantzina the Iland of Zagcrinsko ibid The 30. to the River Zagra the Iland of Sosnon and the mountain Tichi ibid The 31. to the Iland Osino and that of Schismamago to that of Koltof the mountain of Smiowa and the 40. Ilands ibid The fabulous metamorphosis of a Dragon kill'd by a Heroe ibid. SEPTEMBER The 1. they come to the City of Soratof which lies upon a branch of the Wolga 70. leagues from Samara 121 The 2. pass by the Ilands Kriâ—sna and Sapunofka and come to the mountain Achmats-Kigori 10. l. from Soratof ibid 4. leagues lower to the Iland Solotoi and the mountain Solottogori or the Golden mountain that of Craye the mountain of Pillars the River Ruslana the mountain Vrakofskarul 30. l. from Soratof the mountain Kamuschinka and River of the same name ibid. At this place the Don or Tanais is within 7. leag of the Wolga Visits from the chief Persons of the Caravan 122 The River Bolloclea 18. l. from Kamuschinka The first branch of the Wolga 123 The 6. they come to Zariza 70. l. from Soratof on the right side of the River ibid Thence to Astrachan there are only barren lands and heaths The Iland Zerpinske behind which there falls a River into the Wolga whereby there might be a communication with the Don. ibid The 7. they come to the Iland and mountain Nassonofsko 124 Tziberika a Fish of a rare figure ibid The 8. to the Cape Popowizka jurka 14. l. from Zariza and the mountain Kamnagar 8 l lower the Iland and River Wesowoi and that of Wolodinarski-Vtzga Achtobenisna Vtsga a second branch of the Wolga the Iland Ossino an extraordinary kind of Liquorice ibid. The 9. to the little City Tzornogar 40. l. from Zariza its original ibid Carps weiging 30. pound Sandates c. 168 The 10. leave Tzornogar come to the mountain Polowon and the Iland Kissar 125 The 3. and 4. branches of the Wolga the Islands of Coppono and Katarniski ibid The Iland Peruski the 5. branch of the Wolga the excellent fruits of Nagaia Cormorants the 6. and 7. branches of the Wolga ibid The 15. the Ambassadors having pass'd by the Ilands Itziburki and Basan and the River Biltzick come to Astrachan ibid The 7. branch of the Wolga maketh the Iland Dolgoi in which Astrachan lies From Moscou to Astrachan there are above six hundred German leagues A description of Astrachan where they stay neer a month 126 A description of Nagaia the Iland of Dolgoi the Salt-pits 127 Astrachan 12. l. from the Caspian Sea the fruits of Nagaia ibid Its Inhabitants Nagaia when conquer'd by the Muscovites the greatness of the City its Structures Ammunition Garrisons Governours the Tartars not permitted to come into it their manner of life and cloathing wars with the Kalmukes and Tartars of Buchar 128 Their Princes Religion food 129 The Ambassadors visited by the Persians who came along with the Caravan ibid The Cuptzi's Present a visit of the Tartar-Prince and his reception ibid The Cuptzi's visit the Weywode's Present to the Ambassadors the Ambass visit to the Tartar-Prince 130 The Cuptzi's Feast 131 The Tartars much addicted to Hawking the treatment of another Persian Merchant Brugman's imprudence the visit of another Tartar-Prince 132 The Weywode's Present ibid OCTOBER The 1. the Secretary sent to the Weywode Provision made for the continuation of the Voyage ibid The 10. the Amb. leave Astrachan and embark upon the Wolga Simples of extraordinary bigness neer Astrachan 133 The 12. come to Tomanoigor or the Snaky mountain ibid Many Ilands at the mouth of the River the Sepulchre of a Tartar-Saint the Sacrifices of the Tarters dog-fishes several sorts of Birds ibid The 15. come to the mouth of the Wolga and to the entrance of the Caspian Sea where it is very troublesom sailing 134 A Muscovian Slurrâ— the civility of a Persian Pilot an ominous day 135 NOVEMBER The 1. they come before the City of Terki in Circassia having sailed but 60. l. in 16. daies the situation of Terki upon the River Timenski its fortifications Garrison ibid The Cuptzi's Present to the Ambassadors a mutiny in the ship an Eunuch belonging to the King of Persia visits the Ambassadors their Present to the Weywode 136 Their message to the Tartar-Prince his house his reception of those sent to him a collation the curiosity of the Tartar-Ladies 137 The Princess's Present to the Ambass The Tartars enclin'd to theft ibid The Weywode's Present ibid Nov. 10. the Ambassadors leave Terki An Iland in the Caspian Sea 138 A description of the Iland Tzetlan by the Persians called Tzenzeni ibid Come in the sight of the mountain Salatto which is the Caucasus of the Autients in Mengrelia or Colchis mount Ararat 139 Are forc'd by a tempest upon the Coasts of Persia. ibid The Ambass dis-embark with part of their retinue 140 The Ship run a ground 141 A description of the Caspian Sea its names It is a particular Sea having no communication with any other 142 Above a hundred Rivers fall into it yet is it not known what becomes of them ibid The length and breadth of it contrary to the common opinion of Geographers its water is salt Curtius's error the Caspian Sea not known to the Antients 143 It neither ebbs nor flows hath few Havens its fish and fishing
Province of Bakor lies on the West-side of the Ganges its chief City is called Bikameer The Province of Narvar the Metropolis whereof is call Gehud hath running through it a most noble River which falls into the Ganges The Province of Nagracut or Nakarkut is one of the most Northerly Provinces of the Mogul's Country In the chief City thereof from which it hath the name there is to be seen in a sumptuous Chappel the floor whereof is covered with plates of Gold the Effigies of an Animal or rather a Monster called Matta which brings thither every year a great number of Indians who go to do their devotions there and offer unto it a little snip which they cut out of their own tongues In this same Province is the City of Kalamaka famous for its Pilgrimages which are the more frequent there by reason of the flames cast forth by the cold Springs as they come out of the Rock which flames the Inhabitants adore The Province of Siba whereof the Metropolis is Hardwari gives its rise to the River Ganges The Inhabitants of the Country imagine that the Rock out of which it issues hath a Cows head for which Beast they have a certain veneration and that there is somewhat divine in that production Whence it comes that they bathe themselves every day in the River This Province is no less mountainous then that of Nakarkut though it be not so much towards the North. Kakares the principal Cities whereof are Dankaler and Binsola is a very spacious Province but very full of Mountains Mount Caucasus lies between it and Tartaria The Province of Gor which hath its name from the chief City is also full of Mountains and gives its rise to the River Perselis which falls into the Ganges The Province of Pitan or Partan and its chief City which gives it the name hath running through them the River Kanda which also falls into the Ganges This is also a very mountainous Province and hath on the West of it that of Iamba The River Iderclis divides the Province of Kanduana the chief City whereof is Karaeh by some called Katene from that of Pitan This Province and that of Gor are the further-most of the Mogul's territories towards the North. The Province of Porena is as fruitful as the two last named are barren It lies between the Rivers of Ganges Perselis Gemini and Candach and is so called from its chief City The City of Rajapore or Reyapor is the Metropolis of the Province of Iewal The Province of Meuat the chief City whereof is called Narnol is a Country barren enough reaching from the Ganges Eastward The Province of Voessa or Voeza the chief City whereof is Iascanat is the uttermost Province of the Mogul's Kingdom towards the East The Province of Bengala may no doubt be numbred amongst the most powerful of all the Country giving its name to the Gulf into which the Ganges disembogues it self by four several channels or mouths It s principal Cities are Raymebel Kaka or Daeca Philipatan and Satigam It is subdivided into many other lesser Provinces the most considerable whereof are Puna and Palan from which several Kings have not thought it much to assume their Titles Texeira in his description of Persia speaking of certain Provinces of the Indies names that of Vtrat with its chief City but he only names it without giving any account of its scituation He speaks also of the Kingdom of Caeche and sayes it is considerable for the Race-horses it breeds near Cambaya towards the North but certainly it is no other then the Province of Candisch before spoken of The extent of the Mogul's Country from East to West is about six hundred Leagues and from North to South about seven hundred French Leagues since its uttermost Frontiers towards the South are at twenty and the furthermost towards the North at forty three degrees As concerning the Province of Gusuratta which the Portuguez improperly call Cambaya it lies all along the Sea-side extending it self much like a Peninsula into the Sea and having on both sides a Gulf or Bay one whereof is eight Leagues broad at the entrance and grows narrower and narrower for forty Leagues thence The Land extends it self Westward along the Sea-coast and Northward it hath the Provinces of Soret Quismer and Bando Eastward those of Chitor and Kandish and Southward the Kingdom of Decan Heretofore its Frontiers reach'd along the Sea-coast as far as Gualor eight dayes journey beyond Amadabat and Southward as far as Daman But though its extent be not so vast at present as it hath been yet it is now a very great Province it being certain that it reaches above sixscore Leagues along the Sea-coast and comprehends above twenty thousand Cities Towns and inhabited Villages besides the places which were laid desolate some years since by War or Famine It s principal Cities most whereof are Maritime are Surat Broitschia Gandeer Goga Cambaya Diu Patepatane Mangalor Gondore Nassary Gandivi Balsara or Belsera The City of Hamed-Ewad or Amadabat which is the Metropolis of the Province is at a great distance from the Sea The principal Rivers of this Province are the Nadabat which passes by Broitschia the Tapta and the Wasset besides these conveniences it hath two of the best Ports in all the Indies which are that of the Com of Suhaly to wit that of Surat and that of Cambaia There is no Province in all the Indies more fertile then Gusuratta nor any that affords more Fruits and Provisions which grow in such abundance there that all the neighbouring Provinces are thence suppli'd 'T is true indeed that in the year 1640. the great drought and the year following the continual rains reduced it to so deplorable a condition that the particular account might be given thereof would deprive the Reader of the diversion which it is our design to find him in this Relation But the Province hath since that time well recover'd it self of that desolation yet not so as but the marks of it may be seen every where But to prosecute our Relation as to what happened to me during my stay at Surat While I was at Ispahan having fixt my resolution to travel into the Indies I took into my service a Persian who was to serve me as an Interpreter for the Turkish and Persian Languages which I then began a little to understand He was born of Christian Parents his father and mother having been of those whom Scach-Abas had caused to be translated from Georgia to Ispahan where his brethren then lived in good rank Which considerations oblig'd me to treat him with the greater civility and to promise him by way of wages four Crowns a moneth He had made me believe that his engaging himself into my service was partly out of this respect that he might thereby have the convenience of re-imbracing
together so as being not able to withstand any longer they yield to be driven away and are tam'd by hunger in a short time The Portuguez heretofore bought there fifteen or sixteen horned Beasts in a year and carried them to Malacca paying a Campan a head for the export But the Hollanders pay nothing neither for those they slaughter in the Country nor for those they ship for Sumatra or Iava for doubtless they win more on their affections then the Portuguez or any other Strangers The King of Patana is Subject or rather Vassal to the King of Siam but payes him annually a very inconsiderable Tribute Not many years since there reign'd a Queen that sent him no more then once a year a Flower of Gold and some Silk-Stuffes and Scarlet she was about that time fifty years of age whereof she had been a Widow fifteen when she appear'd abroad which was seldom to take the Air she was attended by four thousand Persons of Quality with the Armes and Equipage of her deceased Husband born before her The King of Iohor possesses all the utmost parts of the Penninsula the Ancients called Aurea Chersonesus to the Streight of Sincopura the chief Towns are Linga Bintam Caryman c. but the chief City of all the Country is Batusabar scituate six Leagues from the Sea upon the River Iohor divided into two Towns one keeping the name of Batusabar the other called Cottasabrang one being thirteen hundred paces about the other about five hundred They are both built with Free-stone and all the Houses stand along the River-side raised on piles eight or ten foot from the ground which lies so low that at high-water 't is covered twice a day In it are near four thousand Inhabitants able to bear Armes and could they bring themselves to take pains in Fortification with little labour might this River be brought about the Town which might thus be made one of the strongest places in the Indies The Hollanders have used all their Endeavour to bring them to it and to secure themselves from the Portuguez their irreconcileable Enemy but their Houses in Cotta Zabrang and thereabouts being nothing but Straw they care not much for burning so they have but time to save themselves in Batusabar where the building is of Timber and they can defend themselves against flying parties The Country belongs intirely to the King who gives Land to manure to any that desire it but the Malayans are so slothful that the Ground is all as it were overgrown with Moss though by the Herbage and Trees it produces it is easie to perceive great profit might be raised if the Soyl were cultivated For further testimony of this the Hollanders in their Relations amongst other things observe that at a time the King of Iohor presented their Admiral with Sugar Canes eighteen foot long and seven inches about The Malacca or Malayan Language is held the most elegant of all the Indies where it is at least as general as French in Europe and is the easier to learn because there are no inflections neither in Nounes nor Verbs For the Readers curiosity I shall here insert some of their words that he may spend his judgment and begin with the numbers which they thus count Satu one dwa two tyga three eupat four lyma five nam six tousion seven de lapan eight sambalan nine sapalo ten sabalas eleven duabulas twelve tyga balas thirteen capat balas fourteen lyma balas fifteen nam balas sixteen tousion balas seventeen delaban balas eighteen sambalan balas nineteen duo pola twenty saratus a hundred c. Arys the day Malam night Zouson the stomack leheer the neck dangudo the mustachoes Bat the tongue Iargary the fingers Toulang the leg Goumo the foot Tangam the arm Capalla the head Rambot the hair Pourot the belly Ianget the beard Tangan the hand Molot the mouth Martye the eyes Yrotdon the nose Conet the skin Babpa Father Maa Mother Ibou Grandfather and Grandmother bewangdarnet to bleed mackol to beat mollay to begin billy to buy chiuy to pay diem to be silent ambel to take toulong to assist Manyte I Pakanera you andrior to melt boday to deceive dengaer to hear battou to content mansuiry to prick Mus Gold Salacha Silver ada I have Palla a Nutmeg toy quitabo we Lacky a Man bilby to traffick tidor to sleep tavar to promise britacot to menace terran to clear pang to cut Negle Steel Lada Pepper minnon to drink tackana to enchaunt chium to kiss bretoun to make dousta to lye banga to rise suitsidana to wipe the Nose tieda tau I understand it not Sicke Cloves Leaving the firm Land and the Peninsula by the Ancients called Aurea Chersonesus on the Coast of Malacca we find the Isle of Sumatra not above ten Leagues distant Some have said 't was rent from the Continent by the Sea Currents as Ceylon from that part of the Indies heretofore called India intra Gangem but for this conjecture there is little ground in History it being not to be affirmed more of this place then it can of Sicily or England or any other Island in the World except we shall presuppose that at the Creation the Sea compassed the whole Earth and that then there was no Islands but that they were made by the Sea which afterwards by degrees form'd them out of the firm Land To enter into this dispute is not our design no more then to decide whether Sumatra were the ancient Taprobane as Ios. de l' Escale Mercator and divers others think or Ophir where King Solomon's Ships fetch'd the Gold and other precious things as the Scripture sayes but we shall recite only what we could gather out of these last Relations All conclude that Sumatra extends from the fifth degree on this side to the sixth degree beyond the Line by which Rule it should contain a hundred and sixty or a hundred sixty five Leagues in length with a breadth of sixty and so they who inhabit the middle of the Island to have the Equinoctial Line perpendicularly over them By the scituation we may judge the heats to be there extream and herewithall there is so much Wood and such a multitude of Lakes that the Air especially for Strangers is exceeding unhealthful Nevertheless it is abundantly fertile and besides Gold Silver and divers other Metals as Copper Iron Brass whereof they have the Art to make as good Artillery as they do in Europe it produces Rice and Millet particularly Fruit in such quantity as the Forrests are loaden with it and sufficiently furnish all the Inhabitants In the middle of the Isle there is a burning Mountain flaming by intermissions as Vesuvius in the Kingdom of Naples and they report there is a Balsom Fountain running incessantly 'T is wealthy in Diamonds and other precious Stones Silks Spices Wax Honey Camphire Cassia and divers other Drugs used in Medicine There are whole Woods of white Sandale
from another less of the same name which lies hard by it is South-East from the Isle of Sumatra from which it is dis-joyned only by a narrow Streight called the Streight of Sunda It lies seven Degrees beyond the Line and is about fifty Leagues long but hitherto no mans curiosity hath discovered the breadth of it which makes some conceive that it is not an Island but part of the Continent known by the name of Terra Australis near the Streight of Magellan Iulius Scaliger in his Exercitations against Cardan calls it the Compendium of the World because there is not Animal Plant Fruit Metal nor Drug which is not here in greater abundance then in any part of the Universe The Natives say that originally they came from China and that their Ancestors weary of the yoak that King kept them under removed to the Isle of Iava certainly they are in face like the Chineses their forehead and brows large and eyes narrow for which reason divers Chineses settle in this Island There is scarce a Town in Iava but hath a particular King who not above forty or fifty years since obeyed all one Emperour but of late they have shaken off that Soveraignty and are all independent The King of Bantam is the most puissant and next him the King of Palambuam from whom is denominated the Streight that divides the Isles Iava and Bali Ten Leagues thence towards the North-East lyes the Town of Panarucan where they drive a great trade with the Slaves they bring from Malacca as also in long Pepper and Womens Garments Near Panarucan there is a Mountain of Sulphur which began in the year 1586. to cast up fire in such violence that at that first blazing above ten thousand persons perished by it The Kings of Panarucan and Palambuam are Pagans but the King of the City of Passaruan six Leagues from Panarucan is a Mahumetan At Passaruan they have a great traffick in Garnitre a fruit like a Raspberry whereof the Merchants of Quilin make Beads and Bracelets which they sell and put off all over the Indies Ten Leagues thence Westward lies the City Ioartam with an excellent Haven upon a fair River where Ships in their Voyage from the Moluccoes to Bantam take in Provisions and fresh Water Upon the same River lies the City Gerrici to whose King the other Kings of Iava render the same respect they again exact from their own Slaves and near to these two Cities it is they fetch the Salt that is brought to Bantam The City of Surabaia that stands next in rank hath likewise its proper King who also reigns over the City of Brandam six Leagues thence towards the West and lives at Cidaye This City is fortified with a good Wall well flanked but the Haven is not safe by reason there wants shelter against the Winds that come from Sea-wards Ten Leagues Westward lies the City of Tabaon next Bantam the most considerable of the Island as we shall tell you anon Five Leagues further North-west is Cajam a City of no traffick no more then Mandalicaon which is inhabited by none but Fishermen Five Leagues onwaads West stands Iapara upon a skirt of Land that thrusts it self three Leagues into the Sea The scituation of this Town is upon a fair River with a good Harbour that renders it very Merchantile This hath likewise a peculiar King and none of the meanest in the Island Twenty five Leagues from Iapara and forty five from Bantam lies Matram or Matavam a great City with a King of its own who heretofore was so powerful as that he pretended to Soveraignty over the whole Isle and for this was the declared enemy of the King of Bantam Then five Leagues West from Iapara is the City of Pati and three Leagues beyond that of Dauma which acknowledges the King of Matavam as doth also that of Taggal scituate with the two others in the same Bay The next is the fair and strong City of Charabaon upon a fresh-water River and onwards the Cities of Dormago and Monucaon whence they pass through the Village Gaccon to the City of Iacatra and so to Bantam Without question this last is the Metropolis and most considerable City of all Iava scituate about twenty five Leagues from the Isle of Sumatra at the foot of a Mountain whence three Rivers rise two whereof run by the walls the other through the City but all too shallow for Navigation The Town is indifferent great but rascally Houses the walls which are of Brick and three foot in thickness are not entirely lined with Earth yet so flanked that at every hundredth pace lies a Cannon which would sufficiently secure the Curtain were it in condition for service but their Artillery is not mounted and they have no other Ammunition then a little Powder brought from Malacca where the Portuguez have a Mill. The City Gates are so wretched that one might beat them down with a Club but so vigilantly guarded 't would be hard to approach without notice there are neither Bastions nor Towers but in lieu thereof Scaffolds of three stories which yield a strong defence In the whole City there are but three principal Streets which all abut upon the Castle called Pacebam The one goes from the Pacebam to the Haven another where the Slaves and the Kings Domesticks inhabit leads to the Gate towards the Fields and the third to the Gate at the foot of the Mountain The Streets are not pav'd but are as commodious by means of the Sand they are covered with The Channels which in divers places cross the City are foul and stinking by reason the Stream of the River not being strong enough to carry away the filth it brings it self and what is thrown forth the Water choaks and makes puddles that infect the whole City No Person of Quality who hath not his private Chappel or Mesquite in his House but one there is in common near the Palace on the Magazine and Stable side The City is divided into several Posts each of which is assign'd to some Person of Quality who commands in time of War and hath the direction in civil Affairs They have a Drum as big as those Germane Casks call'd Thunder-bolts used instead of a Bell which they beat with a wooden Bar as big as a Weavers-beam morning and evening as also on Alarms Likewise they have Brass basins which they beat musically and chime upon as they do on Bells At every corner of the Streets there stands a Guard and at Sun-set they draw up and make fast all Passage-boats so as in the night there is no stirring in the Street At the Prison gate near the Palace stands a Guard of fifty Men nor is there a Person of Quality who hath not one of ten or twelve at his House The Town is full of Cocoe-trees nor is there a Mansion
defensible The Indians perceiv'd it not till 't was past their hopes of forcing it so as in this despair of driving out the Dutch they made use of the bad correspondence betwixt the English and them which chiefly appear'd in a Sea-fight they had near Bantam and Iacatra Ianuary 2. 1619. The Holland Fleet which consisted but of seven Vessels had the worst of the English that were eleven The Dutch being forced to retreat the King of Iacatra with the English Forces besieg'd the Dutch Fort now called Batavia which Siege lasted six moneths till the Holland General having reinforced his Fleet with the Ships that lay in the Molâ—cques constrain'd the English to raise the Siege to embark their Guns and quit the Streight of Sunda to get into the main Sea The King of Iacatra would have cast the blame of all these disturbances upon the English but the Dutch General would not be satisfied with such excuses but landing his Forces to the number of eleven hundren men he assaulted the Town of Iacatra which he took by force and having put all to the sword fir'd it That done the Dutch compleated the fortification of their Quarters and brought it to a regular form with four Bastions of Free-stone well trench'd and pallisado'd with Half-moons Redoubts and other necessary Works The King of Matram who is as 't were Emperour of Iava in the year 1628. besieg'd this Fort and lying under the Cannon storm'd it several times but in the end was forc'd to raise the Siege as hein like manner was the year following and since that time the Dutch have established their Commerce joyntly with the Chineses the Iaponeses Siameses Succadans and other Neighbours taking ten in the hundred Custom upon all Commodities whether brought thither or carried thence The City of Batavia is twelve Leagues from Bantam Eastward in a Bay which being sheltred with some small Islands on the Sea side is one of the best Roads in all the Indies Strangers that inhabit there pay a certain tax by the moneth according to the profit they make which is great for a Porter who will with ease get two Ryals a day payes but one and a half in a moneth a Fruiterer four Ryals a Fisherman three Ryals Distillers of Arack eight Ryals Mechanicks as Shoomakers Taylors c. two Ryals so as at present the most important place and firm est establishment the Dutch have throughout the Indies Between the Isles of Iava and Borneo North-east from the former lies the Isle of Madura governed by a particular Prince that resides in the City of Arossabaya In this Isle there is no Commerce at all as well because the soil is barren of all Spices as for that 't is inaccessible by reason of the Shelves of Sand that on all sides environ it The Islanders for the most part live by Pyracy and run up to the very Coasts of Pegu which their Neighbours are forced to connive at least they should hinder the exportation of Rice which is there in great abundance The Hollanders who had been hardly used by the Iavians near Tubam and Cidayo Towns three Leagues from Ioartam in the Isle of Iava coming in sight of the Isle of Madura in the beginning of December 1596. and apprehending some danger to be taken by certain Praus or Ships equipped for War where the Prince and Cherif or High Priest of the Island were in person to prevent the Iavians whose intent was to surprise them fir'd some Guns at the great Pran where the King and Cherif with divers others lost their lives for that Ship being three Tires high and filled with Souldiers there was not a Gun fired which destroyed not a great number so as the Hollanders who in the mean time got into their Shallops with little difficulty became Masters of them This done they made no stay there but fail'd from thence to the Isle of Baly where they arrived Ianuary 30. 1597. The Isle of Baly lyes towards the Oriental part of the Isle of Iava being in circuit about twelve Leagues towards the South putting out a Cape or Promonâ—ory a long way into the Sea The North point of it is eight degrees and a half beyond the Line and the chief City where the King hath a magnificent Palace derives its name to the Island The Islanders are Pagans and adore the first thing they meet with at their going out in the morning they are black and their Hair curling In habit they differ nothing from their neighbour-Islanders with whom they likewise correspond in wearing no Beards for when the Hair first begins to come they pluck it up by the roots Their Women who have an aversion to Beards oblige them to do so as also to squat down when they make water because Dogs held with them unclean beasts piss standing There is not a Man but hath several Wives whence the Island grows so populous that they reckon upon six hundred thousand Souls there though they give way for abundance of Slaves to be bought from them The greatest part are Husbandmen or Weavers by reason the Land produces great store of Cotton and is very proper for Rice but they permit not any to be transported lest some hard year should bring them to a necessity of being beholding to their Neighbours They have store of Oxen Buffles Goats and Swine likewise Horses but they are so small that none but the Country people use them Persons of Quality being carried in Sedans or Coaches Their Forrests of Oranges Lemmons and Pomecitrons are stored with Feasants Partridges Peacocks and Turtles theiâ— back-Yards swarm with Poultry and their Fens and Rivers with Ducks and other wild Fowl In the whole Island there is no other Spice then Ginger which generally grows in all parts of the Indies but here are found several other Drugs as Galigan Doringui Canior Bangue c. as likewise a certain Fruit inclosed in a Shell like a Chesnut white within of excellent taste and sovereign against the Scurvy also another Fruit as big as a Walnut that grows in the ground like the Saligots The Coasts of the Island and the Rivers so abound in Fish that next to Rice 't is the subsistence of the Inhabitants They entertain in a manner no Commerce only they set forth some small Barks to the Isle of Iava for vending their Cotton-clothes The Chineses sometimes come hither to fetch it and in exchange bring them Sword-blades and Purcelane This is a common Road for all Ships bound from the Continent to the Molucques which here take in water and refreshments provisions being at exceeding cheap rates Iron and Brass Mines there are as likewise Gold but the King will not suffer them to be wrought for fear of attempting his Neighbours to an Invasion he is well furnished with store of Gold-plate for his own service Subjects render him the same respect and speak to him with the same Ceremony as the other Indians
from November till March during which season the Road is exceeding dangerous and almost useless because 't is impossible Vessels should get near the Shore to lade their Rice Upon the same Island there is a King of Tello and another of Battergoa who are the most powerful next to that of Macasser The Dutch Relations tell wonders of the prudence of the former and attest they met there with Barks and Frigots so artificially built their most experienced Carpenters acknowledged that they could not possibly have improv'd their Art to that perfection He had settled Granaries throughout his Dominions to store up Rice which was not to be stirred till a new recruit had furnisht him with sufficient to replenish it and did all he could to engross the Commerce to himself for which purpose he had his Factors at Banda to vend his Cotton-clothes and lade in exchange Mace and other Spices The Isle of Gilolo called by the Portuguez Bato China de Mâ—ro by the Molucquez Alemaera is much larger then Celebes it yields good store of Rice of Sagu whereof we shall have occasion to speak presently in the description of the Molucques wild Hens and Tortoises of extraordinary size The Natives are well proportioned but savage and not long since Anthropophagi as the Celebâ—ans were Amboyna is an Island â—o near adjoyning to the Molucques that some have reckon'd it in the number of them as well for the scituation as for the production of Cloves which are said to be kindly no where but in the Molucques 'T is scituate four degrees beyond the Line two Leagues from the Isle of Ceiram and is in circuit about twenty four On the West-side of the Capital Town there is a Bay of six Leagues composing a good Road where Ships are well sheltered from all Winds By reason of this Bay the Sea wants not much of cutting thorow the Island for on the other side the Sea advances so far within the Land that it leaves but a small Isthmus of about sixscore fathom over The Island being thus as 't were divided into two parts the lesser wherein is the Castle of Amboyna contains twenty small Towns or rather so many Villages which can send forth about two thousand men able to bear Arms. The greater part hath four Towns which have each seven Villages substitute and can arm about fifteen hundred men The Natives were heretofore brutish and like their Neighbours Anthropophagi or Canibals in so much that they would devour their Parents when age made them decrepit or when they were visited with any desperate Disease The Land it self lay wild and overgrown with Forrests but at present 't is exceeding fertile and besides Cloves bears all other sorts of Fruits as Lemmons Oranges Cocoes Bonanas Sugar-canes c. Oranges particularly are so plentiful that one may buy fourscore for a Button The Inhabitants are a sort of simple people habited like the Bandayans living meanly enough on what they get by the Clove-husbandry They use no other Arms then the Dart which they cast so dexterously that they will not miss the breadth of a Crown piece threescore paces distant the Cimeter and Buckler They make a sort of Cakes of Rice Almonds and Sugar which they sell to their Neighbours of the adjacent Islands where they take them against Fluxes They make likewise Rice-bread in the form of Sugar-loaves Their Galleys which they call Caracoras are well built and they know how to manage them with such address that ours come not near them for swiftness The Island was first discovered by the Portuguez in the year 1515. under the conduct of Antonio Abreo who there erected a Column as well to record the possession he took of it for the King of Portugal as to serve for a Trophy of his Adventures in advancing farther into the Indies then any of his Predecessors had done These Portuguez observing the Hollanders obstructed the advantageous Commerce they carried on here in the year 1601. set forth a Fleet of thirty Ships with a resolution not only to destroy the Hollanders Traâ—fick but withall so to chastize the Inhabitants of Amboyna who bore more affection to the Hollanders then to them that they should change their opinion D. Andres Furtado de Mendoza Admiral of this Fleet having intelligence of five Holland Vessels that were in the Port of Banda resolv'd to fight them but was worsted and forced to retreat into the Port of Isou the chief City of Amboyna The Hollanders though victorious were not in condition to pursue their good fortune and much less to hinder the Portuguez from discharging their revenge upon the Inhabitants who were most rigorously used by these enraged people nay such was their spight that they pull'd up their Clove-trees meerly that the Hollanders might not make their profit of them Hereupon Stephen Verhagen the Holland Admiral arriving February 21. 1603. in the Road of Amboyna landed a party of Souldiers with design to storm the Castle The Portuguez Governour perceiving his intention sent forth two of the Garrison Officers to demand of him how he durst approach a place committed to his charge by the High and mighty King of Spain to whom the Holland Admiral made answer He was come in the Name of the States of the United Provinces and the Prince of Orange with Order to take in the Castle and expell the Enemy so as he was to come to present Articles or sustain the Assault he should make as soon as his Artillery came on shore This Bravado so daunted the Portuguez that he rendred the place without so much as a Cannon shot There march'd out six hundred Portuguez with their Arms. Such as were married taking the Oath of Fidelity were permitted to stay in Town The Inhabitants of all those Islands Iavâ— Amboyna and the Molâ—cquez were all Pagans till their Commerce with the Persians and Arabians brought in Mahumetism which notwithstanding hath not so extirpated their former Religion but such as embrace Circumcision continue their Pagan Superstitious Some make open profession therof and adore the Devil there being neither Town nor Village that hath not one peculiar thereto Not that they understand in any sort what the Devil is or that they have any knowledge of what the Scripture sayes of him but they affirm That what they adore comes out of the Air whence some of them call one of their principal Demons Lanithe that is Air who notwithstanding depends on another greater then he called Lanthila nay is not so considerable as their Taulay who in power is next to Lanthila The general name for them is Nito which signifies evil Spirits or Tuan that is Lord or Master They say their Nito appears often to them in the shape of an ordinary person which the Spirit takes on him for this purpose and by which he pronounces his Oracles that his intentions may be known To have conference with him they assemble to the number of twenty or thirty
their Mesquites they have many meetings where they eat together of what is brought thither by every one They have likewise some such Assemblies upon a Mountain which is in a Wood in the middle of the Island where the Inhabitants of Puldrim Puloway and Lantor their Allies meet them to consider of publick matters After they have treated of publick Affairs they sit down on the ground and they serve to every one upon a Banana leaf which serves them instead of a Trencher a Morsel of Sagu which is their Bread and a little Rice steep'd in broath which they eat by handfuls During the Feast the Gentlemen to entertain the Guests have a kind of Skirmish They are almost in continual war with their Neighbours and keep constant Guards upon the Coast as well to surprize others as to prevent their being surprized themselves Their Arms are the Cimetar with them called a Phahang and a Buckler of wood above four foot long They handle their Weapons with much address being train'd to it from their infancy They have likewise Fire-arms but in war they chiefly use a sort of Lance of eight or ten foot long made of an exceeding hard wood which they cast with such force that they will run a Man quite through with it Having cast their Lances for commonly they carry two they fall to their Sword which hangs at their left side under their Buckler or to another sort of Weapon which they dart and pull back with a string whereto they tye a short Truncheon having at the end a crooked iron that is exceeding sharp and dangerous Some use Corslets but these are Persons of Quality others contenting themselves with Casks of Steel and made like Cocks-combs Their Gallies are very light having on both sides in a manner even with the water two Scaffolds like wings where the Slaves are set to row They are three to every seat and every one hath an Oar which is properly but a deep wooden Shovel which they thrust as far as they can into the Sea and when they draw it back they bring it about their heads to cast out the water which they do so fast and with such sleight that a Ship must be a good Sailor that shall with a good wind take one of these Gallies In the Isle of Banda 't is no rarity to meet with people of sixscore years of age and above They believe that who fails to pray for the dead shall have no resurrection whereas otherwise with the Mahumetans they believe the resurrection of the dead Women that are present at the death of a friend cry out with all violence as if by this means they would fetch the Soul back again but seeing it comes not they interr the Corps which is born by ten or twelve persons on their Shoulders in a Biere or Coffin covered with white Linnen the Men going before the Women behind The Corps being laid in the ground they return to the house of the deceased where they dine together then they burn Incense over the Grave for four and twenty hours and at night set a burning Lamp over it in a Hut made for that purpose The Men mind nothing but their recreation and walking up and down and leave all the work to be done by their Wives whose chiefest business is to break the Nutmeg shell and dry the Nut and Mace wherein consists their greatest revenue This excellent fruit for ought I could ever learn grows only in the Isle of Banda which the Inhabitants call Bandan or rather in the six Isles 't is composed of that is Gunaxi Nera and Lantor betwixt which lies the Road for the Vessels that are bound thither Puloway Pulorim and Bassingin It is a thing to be admired that these six little Islands should furnish the whole World with Nutmegs if it were not certain that except a few Duriaons Nancan Bananas Oranges and Cocoes that grow there they produce not any thing else and the Islands are so covered with Nutmeg-trees that excluding only the fiery Mountain in the Isle of Gunapi there is not a foot of Land but is employed and the Trees at all times loaden with fruit and flowers green or ripe They chiefly gather them thrice a year that is in April August and December but that which ripens in April is the best The Tree is not unlike a Peach-tree only the leaves are more short and round The Fruit is covered with a husk as thick as that of our Wallnuts which being opened there appears a very thin leaf upon a hard shell yet does it not so cover it but that the shell is to be seen in several places and this is that they call the Nutmeg flower or Mace and the shell must be broken to come at the fruit The flower is of a lively carnation while the Nut is green but afterwards it changes and draws towards an Orange colour especially when it parts from the shell The Inhabitants preserve it in the shell with Salt or Sugar and make a very excellent Preserve The Natives call the Nutmeg Palla and Mace Bunapalla This Spice comforts the Brain helps the Memory expels Wind cleanses the Reins and stayes Looseness Mace hath almost the same vertues but 't is much more proper for Sauces Oyl of Nutmegs strengthens the Sinews procures Sleep stayes Defluxions and cures the pains in the Stomack and of powder of Nutmeg or Mace mixt with the Oyl of Roses they make an Unguent soveraign against such Griefs as proceed from Indigestion The Hollanders have built here two Forts which they call Nassau and Belgica where the Road is so good that Vessels come up within Musket-shot and ride safely at nine or ten fathom water The Island is inhabited with about ten or eleven thousand persons yet would it be hard to draw out five hundred Men fit to bear Arms. Here they drive a good round trade in Garments brought from Coromandel Rice Purcelane Velvet Damask Taffaty Scarlet Provisions and Ammunirion for the Forts The Inhabitants are obstinate and mutinous so as the Hollanders cannot assure the possession of this Isle but by force alone In their Relations of the Isle of Nera they report there are Serpents so great that one day the Author of the twentieth Relation observing his Poultry dayly to decrease and being told by the Natives there were Serpents that devoured them he had then watch'd so carefully that they took one which about midnight was crept into the Hen-roost and had made a strange havock The Servants who kill'd it found in the belly five Hens one Duck and a sucking Pig which they made no difficulty to eat of no more then they did of the Serpent it self Though some comprehend in the number of the Molucques many of the Islands that fill up this Oriental Archipelago yet properly there are called by the name of the Moluccaes but the five following Islands Ternate Tidar Motiel Machiam and Bachiam by the ancient
have time enough the hands and feet and sometimes they cut the whole body to pieces that every one may carry away his share and shew the marks of his courage at his return If the Country take the Alarm so as they cannot quite cut off the Head they think it enough to cut off the hair which they carry away as a noble Demonstration of their Victory which is accounted among them a very considerable one though that in an exploit of this nature there happens to be but one man kill'd Sometimes they venture so far as to enter into the Village and break open some house but in regard that cannot be done without noise they go upon such a Design with so much precipitation that lest they should be intercepted in their return they kill all they meet and fly for it They also use stratagems and make Ambushes according to their way and sometimes they engage in the open field where they fight with great animosity but the death of one man passes among them for an absolute Defeat and obliges those who have had that loss to an immediate Retreat The Pikes they use in the Wars are made of a different manner from those they hunt withall for the Iron at the top hath no Branches nor Hooks and is made fast enough to the body of the Pike Their Bucklers are so large that they almost cover all the whole body and their Swords on the contrary are short but broad They use also Knives made like those of the Iaponneses Bows and Arrows When several Villages make an Association among themselves to carry on a War jointly against some other Villages the Command of their Forces is not bestow'd on one Chief who hath Authority sufficient to force himself to be obey'd but such among them as have been so fortunate as to cut off divers heads upon several occasions find Volunteers enough to follow them in their military Exploits out of no other Consideration then that of participating of the Glory of their Commander Sometimes they engage in a War out of a pure frolick against the Inhabitants of the Island of Tugin which the Dutch call the Island of the Golden Lyon upon this account that the Captain and Master of a Ship of that name were there killed by the Islanders The Inhabitants of this place permit not any strangers to come within their Island nay they suffer not the Chineses who come thither every year upon the account of their Commerce to set foot on Land but they force them to stay in the Road whither the Islanders bring the Commodities they would truck with them with so much distrust on their side that they never let go any thing out of one hand till they have fast hold of what they would have in the other The Inhabitants of Fermosa especially those of the Village of Soulang having a Design to surprize them embarqu'd themselves not long since to the number of sixty disguiz'd like China Merchants and being come near the Island of Tugin sent to some of the Islanders to come and meet them with the Commodities of the Countrey but instead of receiving them from his hands who presented them therewith they laid hold of his arm and drew him aboard their Vessel where they cut him to pieces This was a great Victory to them for they think it enough to bring away the Hair or haply a Pike of the Enemies to make a solemn Triumph and appoint a day of publick Thanksgiving They carry the Heads in Procession all about the Village singing Hymns to their Gods and in their way visit their Friends who make them drink of the best Arac and accompany them to the Pagode where they boil the Head till there be nothing left but the Bones on which they sprinkle some Wine Sacrifice several Swine to their Gods and feast it for fifteen days together They do the like when they have brought home only the Hair or a Pike which as also the Bones of their Enemies they keep aâ—â—â—â—fully as we do Gold Silver or Jewels inasmuch as when a House is a-fire they abandon all to save their Relicks They tender so great respect to those who have had the good fortune to bring home an Enemies Head that no person comes near him but with a certain veneration for above fifteen days after his doing such an exploit nor speak to him but with such extraordinay submissions as that a Soveraign Prince could not expect greater There is no Lord in all that Island that hath a Superiority or advantage over the rest Their condition is equal save that in every Village there is a kind of Senate consisting of twelve persons which are changed every two years The two years being expir'd they who are to quit their places pull of their Hair off their Eye brows and on both sides of their Heads to shew that they have been Magistrates The Senators are chosen out of persons much about the same age which is that of forty years for though they have no Almanack and cannot count their years yet do they remember well enough the course of the Moon and take particular notice of such as are born within the same Month and about the same Year Not that this Magistrate hath any Authority to force himself to be obey'd or to put his Commands in execution for all the power they have is only to give order for an Assembly to be held concerning such Affairs as they think of importance to confer among themselves thereof and to invite all the Heads of Families to meet in one of their Pagodes where they propose to them how things stand discover what they think fit to be done and endeavour to bring the rest to be of the same judgment with them All the Senatours speak one after another and use all the Eloquence they have to press their Reasons the more home I say Eloquence for they really have of it For they will speak half an hour together in such high expressions with so much ease and with such apt gestures that what we are taught by Art comes not near what Nature hath bestow'd on these People who can neither write nor read While one speaks all the rest are so exactly silent that you shall not hear so much as a Cough though their Assemblies many times consist of a thousand persons When all the Senators have done speaking the rest put the business to deliberation with an absolute freedom of either complying with the judgment of the Senate or opposing it after they have considered the good or evil which may accrew to them thereby All the power they have consists in causing what their Priestesses command to be put in execution in preventing ought to be done which may offend the Gods and in punishing such as do offend them They also give reparations to private persons who have been injur'd by others not by causing the offenders to be imprison'd or punish'd with death or
new Company of 500. Tun burthen and came out of England some four moneths before under the command of Captain Hall who being sick and not able to stir sent to the President to desire him he would honour him so far as to come aboard his Vessel which he did taking along with him the Physitian and my self He not only treated us kindly but also proffer'd to supply us with Cordage and Sails in case we met not with any Vessels of the old Company at Madagascar whither it was resolved they should make all the haste they could Captain Hall's Ship being less and not so loaden as ours going before with a South-east wind The first of Iuly he was got out of sight and in the evening we discovered the Coast. VVe doubted not but it was Madagascar and so had a watch set in the night to see we came not too near it as also that we put not off too â—ar from it It being on the one side hard to approach it having once lost the Altitude and on the other dangerous to approach it in the night time by reason of the Rocks that are at the point of the Island and especially by reason of the little Island at the entrance of the Bay The 2. We arrived at Madagascar and got into the Bay of Saint Augustinâ— finding no bottom till within a quarter of a League of Land where we cast Anchor at 25. fathom water glad we were got into a Harbour after so many dangers escaped Our joy was hightâ—ed by our finding in the Bay two English ships belonging to the same Company one whereof was upon her return for England the other bound for the Indies It was but three months since the latter came from England commanded by Captain Willis being 1400. Tun burthen Her name was the London and she was one of the noblest Vessels I ever saw The Captain came immediately aboard us accompanied by a young Merchant and proffer'd the President to supply him with all things necessary for the prosecution of his Voyage The 3. The Officers of all the three ships had a meeting aboard ours to consider what course they should take with the Inhabitants that they might not hold their provisions at too dear a rate and it was resolved that what ever were bought should be bought upon a common account and to that end every one should bring out the commodities they were willing to truck which should be put off by the Secretaries of the three Ships The Glass-bracelets beads and Agats we had brought from the Indies were incomparably beyond what they were laden with out of Europe so that it was resolved ours should not be produced till the others were sold. By this means we bought every day four Oxen for forty pair of Glass-bracelets which the Inhabitants call Rangus a Sheep for two and a Calf for three Rangus and for a brass ring ten or twelve inches about a man might have an Oxe worth here six or seven pound The 4. The President Captain Willis and Captain Hall went up the River to discover the Countrey and to see what Cattle was brought down to the Bay We found neer Captain Willis's Tent about thirty men and some women who had brought milk to sell. They had brought also about twenty Oxen Sheep and Goats but hearing there was a greater number coming after them we provided our selves only for three dayes The 6. The President invited the two Captains and all the Officers of both the other Ships to dinner and some dayes after Captain Willis treated the whole Company In the afternoon he entertain'd us with a Comedy which lasted above three hours The 14. Captain Hall went on his Voyage towards the Indies and the 16. Captain Willis went away also having supplied us with all things necessary for the prosecution of ours He intended to touch at the Maldives and stay there till the 20. of August that he might arrive at Surat in the Winter We accompanied him to the Island at the entrance of the Bay and having taken leave of him went into the Island where we found abundance of odd Shells of divers forms several sorts of Fish cast up there by the Sea and rotted Cocos which the Wind had forced thither from the Eastern Coast of Madagascar where some grows but not from the Coast of the Saint Augustines Bay which is opposite to the West The 21. The President took up his Lodging in the Tent pitched for him on the Sea-side intending to continue there till he imbark'd in order to our return They made there also certain Huts for the Souldiers that were about him as also for such as were repairing some things belonging to the Ship and for the Butchers who kill'd and salted the Beef for the Provision of the Ship but on Sundayes all came aboard where there was a Sermon About four Leagues from the Haven there lives a Lord who had three Sons the eldest of whom was named Massar They came all three to see us with a retinue of about a hundred men arm'd with a kind of Pikes They brought along with them about three hundred Oxen some Sheep Goats Poultry Citrons and Oranges to truck for our Commodities Being come near the President they made a little halt to observe what posture we were in and at last the eldest of the three Brothers came up and bestowed on the President twelve Goats and his two Wives gave him each of them a fat Capon The President presented him with three Strings of Glass Coral each of his Brothers with two and each of the Wives with a Bracelet This signified but very little to us but they highly valued them They planted a great Pole in the ground as a mark of the Alliance they made with us promising severely to punish such as should injure us and desiring us to take such a course as no disorder might happen on our side They desired to hear our Musick and seem'd to be much pleased with it They sold us ten fat Oxen some Sheep Goats and Poultry They sold us a fat Sheep the Tail whereof weighed twenty or twenty four pound for seven or eight grains of Coral or Agat and a Capon for three or four grains of counterfeit Coral They would not meddle with our money as being so happy as not to know the value of a thing which occasions the misery of other parts of the World During the six weeks we staid in the Island most of our diversion was shooting at Buts or fishing with the Angle-rod We took good store of Fish and some Oysters which the Inhabitants call Oring These stick to the Trees and Bushes that are upon the Sea-side being at high-water cover'd with the Tide They are large and as delicate as any England affords From the fifth to the eighth of August there were such abundance of Grashoppers that they deprived us of the fight of the Sun The Inhabitants eat them but they
Guiny we accordingly removed out of the bad weather which had much incommodated us before The 28. The wind came to North-east which is ordinary in those parts within the 10th and 20th degrees whereas from thence it changes as it does on our Seas on this side We got that day 30. Leagues The 29. The same wind carried us 31. Leagues and at noon we were got to 10 degrees Latitude The next day with the same wind and keeping on the same course we got 28 Leagues to 11. degrees 13. minutes Latitude The next with the same wind the weather rainy 23. Leagues November 1. The same wind continuing we advanced 26. Leagues The 2. The wind North-east we got 24. Leagues holding our course to the North-west The 3. We kept on with the same wind the same course and were about noon at 14. degrees 40. minutes and consequently near the Latitude of Capo Verde which is a point of the Land reaching from the Continent of Africk into the Sea between the Rivers of Gambea and Sanaga by Ptolomy called Promontorium Arsinarium The Inhabitants are black bulky and well-shaped but mischievous and dangerous They are for the most part Pagans whereof some invocate the Moon and others adore the Devil whom they call Cammaté Some among them profess themselves to be Mahumetans but all they have of that Religion is only the name and Circumcision They are in perpetual wars with their Neighbours and are expert enough at the mannagement of their Horses which are brought them out of Barbary and very swift Their Arms are the Bow and a kind of Lance or light Pike which they handle very advantagiously The most illustrious marks of their Victories are the Privy parts which having cut off from their Enemies they present them to their Wives who dispose them into Neck-laces and account them a greater Ornament then Pearls They marry several Wives whom they force to work like Slaves as well in the fields as at home where the Husband is served up alone with what his Wife hath provided for him and as soon as he hath din'd he reassumes his Arms and goes either a hunting or about his business The Women are accustomed to such hardness that as soon as they are delivered they go and wash the Child either in the Sea or the next River The Men are for the most part much subject to drunkenness and such lovers of Wine that some have been seen to take off a Bottle of Aqua vitae at a draught Their times of debauches are at the Funerals of their Friends at which they spend four or five dayes together in weeping and drinking by intervals so that they seldom part ere they get their Skins full of Drink The Entertainments are performed with the Drum and Pipe and there is set at the head of the deceased a Pot of Wine or Water which is changed twice a day and that for several years afterwards They believe the dead will rise again but that they shall be white and trade there as the Europeans do The French Spaniards and Dutch trade much there in the Hides of Oxen Bufflers and Elks Elephants teeth Wax Rice Ambergreece which is excellent there Here it was that Peter de la Brouck a Dutch Merchant bought in the year 1606. a piece of Amber of eighty pound weight We shall here say by the way that the Portuguez began their discoveries of this Coast of Africk in the year 1417. in the reign of Iohn I. who had been Master of Avis under the direction of the Infanto D. Eurique his third Son These first Voyages had not the success he expected till that in the year 1441. Anthony Gonsales having discovered the Cape del Câ—vellero brought away with him certain Negroes whom the Infanto sent to Pope Martin V. desiring him to promote the Zeal he had for the advancement of Christian Religion and to bestow on him the places he should discover upon those Coasts which he pretended were prossessed by such as had no right thereto The Pope was pleased to make him a Present of what cost him nothing and gave him all he should discover in Africk especially in those parts towards the Indies upon condition that at his death he left them to the Crown of Portugal The Infâ—nte had discovered all the Coast between Capo de Naom as far as a hundred Leagues beyond Cabo Verde and died in the year 1453. King Alfonso V. in the year 1457. bestowed all these Conquests on D. Ferand Duke of Viseo Heir to the Infanto D. Eurique and in 1461. the same King ordered the building of a Fort in the Island of Arguin for the safety of Commerce by Suero Mendez which the King D. Iohn II. caused to be rebuilt before his coming to the Crown as Lord of those Conquests and the Commerce of Guiny by gift from the King his Father This Prince in the year 1461. farm'd it out to one named Ferdinand Gomez upon condition he should every year discover a hundred Leagues of the Coast so that in the year 1479. they had discovered the Islands of Fernando del Po St. Thomas Anno Bueno those of del Principe and the Cape of St. Katherine The wars which happened between the King D. Alfonso and the Crown of Castile hindred him from spending his thoughts on these Conquests but the King D. Iohn II. being come to the Crown sent away in December 1481. Diego d' Azambuja who came to Mina Iannary 19. 1482. to a place called then Aldea de dos partes and where reigned at that time a King or Prince named Caramansa This place on which the Portuguez bestowed the name of Mina by reason of the abundance of Gold found there is seated upon the Coast of Guiny five degrees forty minutes South of the Aequinoctial Line between the Kingdoms of Axen and Cara where within the space of fifty Leagues is carried on the trade of almost all the Gold in those parts It hath on the North-west Comana and on the North-east Afuto small Countries subject to those of Abarambues The Fort is built upon an ascent which the scituation of the Country makes by little and little at the end of a skirt of Land which advances into the Sea like a Peninsula having on the North-side the Aethiopian Sea and on the South a little River which serves it for a Ditch It may be easily kept by five hundred men and the Town which is at the foot of the Fort hath about eight hundred Inhabitants But this place is so fenny and barren that such as have settled themselves there upon the account of Traffick are forc'd to buy Provisions of those of Camana and Afuto The Inhabitants are docile enough and better natured then the Negroes though not so rational as to matter of Religion They make Divinities of all they see that 's new and and extraordinary They had at that time enclosed with a Wall a great
of their refreshments at this place In the Isle of Teneriffe there is a Mountain called El Piâ—o de Terraira It is certainly the highest Mountain in the World since that a man cannot get it up in less then three dayes and that must be too either in Iuly or August in as much as all the year besides it is covered with Snow though there never fall any in those Islands It is so high that it may be seen at the distance of sixty Leagues and from the top of it a man may discover and easily count all the other Canary Islands though some of them be above fifty leagues distant from this The Island of Fierro is also one of the most considerable of all the Canaries and I conceive that name to be given it upon this account that its soil not affording so much as a drop of fresh water seems to be of Iron And indeed there is in this Island neither River nor Rivulet nor Well nor Spring save that towards the Sea-side there are some Wells but they lie at such a distance from the City that the Inhabitants can make no use thereof But the great Preserver and Sustainer of all remedies this inconvenience by a way so extraordinary that a man will be forced to sit down and acknowledge that he gives in this an undeniable Demonstration of his Goodness and infinite Providence For in the middest of the Island there is a Tree which is the only one in its kind in as much as it hath no resemblance to those mentioned by us in this Relation nor to any other known to us in Europe The leaves of it are long and narrow and continue in a constant verdure Winter and Summer and its branches are covered with a Cloud which is never dispelled but resolved into a moisture which causes to fall from its leaves a very clear Water and that in such abundance that the Cisterns which are placed at the foot of the Tree to receive it are never empty but contain enough to supply both men and beasts Some affirm that above a hundred leagues West of the Canâ—ries there is sometimes seen an Island called St. Borondon which they say is very delightful and fertile and inhabited by Christians yet can it not be said what Language they speak nor how the Island came to be peopled The Spaniards of the Canaries have often endeavoured to find out the said Island but whether it be that it is alwayes covered with a thick mist which hinders it from being discovered or that the current of the water thereabouts was so strong that it is a hard matter to land thereat certain it is that as yet it subsists only in the opinion wherewith most Sea-men are prepossessed that certainly there is an Island in those parts The 30th of November the wind South-south-west we got 31. leagues to the North-east and were at noon got to 40. degrees 32. minutes Latitude December 3. With the same wind we got 34. Leagues taking our course North-east The 4. The wind North-east carried us twenty seven Leagues to East-north-east The 5. The wind came to South-west and continuing the same course we got 34. leagues This day it was just eleven moneths that we had been tossed up and down the Sea for we left Surat the 5. of Ianuary though our Voyage had been prosperous enough ever since our departure from the Island of Madagâ—â—ear The 6. The same wind was heightned into a tempest but having it Easterly we got 50. leagues that day When a man is once come to the Azores he may assure himself all the year after of a West-wind which will bring him into England and never almost turns to South or North though it may sometimes vary some points of the Compass from one side to the other The 7. The wind came to the North-west and we got 39. Leagues to East-north-east The 8. The wind turn'd to South-west and was so high that we got 47. leagues keeping on the same course The 9. The wind South-south-west we got 31. leagues to North-north-east We were this day at 49. degrees 13. minutes It was very cold and we found bottom at 68. fathom the Sand very white In the evening we founded again and found some change in the Sand which was yellower then that in the morning at fifty three fathom water The wind changed at night and coming to North-east was just in our teeth The 10. About noon the wind came to South-west and we found we had got 22. Leagues The 11. At break of day we saw two English Vessels and soon after we discovered on our left hand that point of England which is called The Lands end and in the County of Cornwal The wind was against us which oblig'd us to endeavour doubling the point by Laveering We made shift to get that day 16. Leagues The 12. The wind still contrary we continued Laveering We saw another English Vessel but could not come near it The 13. The wind South-west and South-south-west we continued our course to East-south-east and to East with a point towards the South We got that day 64. Leagues and were at 49. degrees Latitude Then we chang'd our course taking it to East-north-east to get into the channel which divides England from France The 14. we saw two Scotch Ships and a Dunkirker We came somewhat near them but the Sea made such a noise that we could not possibly hear one the other The 15. We continued our course to East-north-east and met three Dutch Ships bound for Brâ—sil That day we passed in sight of the Isle of Wight which lies at 50. degrees 36. minutes Latitude and at 19. degrees and 4. minutes Longitude The 16. About 10. in the morning we passed in sight of Dover-Castle and at noon came to the Downs We cast Anchor near three men of war which lay at Anchor in the same Road and thus we compleated our Voyage in the 12. month after our departure from Surat There were in the same Road above a hundred other ships lying at Anchor in expectation of some change of weather which was then so boystrous that for two days we could not get out of our Ship The Lord Admiral who commanded the Men of War ventured to send his Shallop to our Ship to congratulate the Presidents safe return The 19. The wind being somewhat laid the Admiral invited the President to dinner I went along with him and participated of the civility wherewith he received him I must confess I was somewhat surprised to see upon the Sea such a prodigious quantity of silver Plate and a Table as well furnished as that I may boldly say the King was not better served at London then the Admiral was in his Vessel We were so well treated there that night began to draw on ere we got away Our Ship was not above a Musket shot from the Admiral 's but we were no sooner got into our boat
French-man who liv'd 20. moneths in Maurice Island p. 198 The Ship puts not into the Island Pintados a Bird discovering nearness to Land p. 199 Mangas de Veludo a kind of Bird the Cape of Agulhas Fish foreshewing change of weather p. 200 Trombas what ibid. Cabo falso the Cape of Good Hope discovered Pinguins a kind of Fowl p. 201 The Inhabitants about the Cape of Good Hope their cloathing food know neither God nor Devil Lions their only enemies ibid. Hurricans p. 202 Madagascar discover'd they put in there what Commodities go off there p. 204 The Lord of those parts makes an alliance with the English Madagascar described p. 205 Dragons-bloud Aloes the Island abounds in Cattle its Inhabitants p. 206 The Men are couragious their Armes Chief Religion Mozambique ibid. When discover'd by the Portuguez p. 207 The first landing of the Dutch at Madagascar p. 208 AVGVST He leaves Madagascar the 21. and arrives in England the 16. of December following Declination of the Load-stone the Isle of St. Elizabeth Sea-wolves p. 209 Badgers St. Helens Island planted by the Portuguez p. 210 Ascension Island p. 211 St. Thomas Island Land Crevices the Inhabitants Rolles Island p. 212 Carisco Island Capo Verde its Inhabitants their Armes the Women do all the work ibid. The men drunkards believe the immortality of the Soul D. Enrique discovers Guiny the scituation of Mina p. 213 The Religion of the Inhabitants their superstition are religious in their Oaths their clothing Armes the settlement of the Dutch in Guiny p. 214 Diego-Can discovers the Kingdom of Congo its Provinces Air the Piver Zaiâ—e Sea-horses p. 215 Gold Mines Serpents Cocos their houses ibid. They are all Architects and Physitians their cloathing the wealth of the Country their Money the absolute power of the King of Congo the Governour of Batta Minister of State his Priviledges their Armes and manner of fighting p. 216 How Christian Religion was introduced there the Kingdom of Beny Cabo Verde described Ptolomy knew nothing of these people the Rivers Gambra and Zanaga p 217 The Inhabitants about the Cape are Pagans their way of raising forces their Nobility the state of the Country when first discover'd the story of Beomi who is baptized p. 218 The green Islands peopled by the Portuguez Flamencos a kind of Bird St. Jago Island the Voyage continued p. 219 The Azores their number they have good fruit p. 220 Potatoes Their Wheat will not keep Tercera Oxen very large the Island subject to Earthquakes an Island started of a sudden A Spring that petrifies wood a kind of wood hard as iron Cedar p. 221 Michael's Island St. Mary's Island Gratiosa Island St. Georges Island Fayal Island Pico Island the Island of Flore p. 222 The convenience of these Islands the Air very sharp in the Azores The Canaries when discovered Lewis Earl of Clermont conquers them a French Gentleman conquers them by Commission from the King of Castile p. 223 They belong to the Crown of Castile great Canary Teneriffe Fierro Island a miraculous Tree p. 224 The Voyage continued the West wind reigns from the Azores to England they come into the Channel ibid. The Isle of Wight the Downs the President and the Author like to be cast away in the Haven another Tempest p. 225 The Author comes to London p. 280 M.DC.XL IANVARY The first be is treated by the Lord Mayor a strange attempt of a Dutch Marriner an example of dreadful solitude p. 226 A strange resolution of two Christian Slaves p. 227 The King of England touches some of the Evil. p. 283 The Author having continued at London near three moneths leaves it the 20. of March in order to his return for Holstein p. 228 A description of Haerlem where the Mystery of Printing was first invented p. 229 The Inscription put upon the house of the first Inventor thereof ibid. He comes to Amsterdam a description of it its commerce p. 230 The first Voyages of the Dutch to the East-Indies ibid. An account of several other places in Amsterdam p. 231 MAY. The first the Author comes to Gottorp where he put on end to his Travels p. 232 FINIS 16â—3 The occasion of these Travels An Embassy sent the King of Persia and Great Duke of Muscovy The Embassadors OCTOB Their retinue NOVEM They embark Orders for civil behaviour Bornholm Sea sickness It s cause A Calm Cap de Demesnes Dunemunde The Ambassadors come to Riga The Magistrat's present Riga described It s foundation Made an Archbishoprick Subject to Poland Taken by the Suedes Its fortifications It s commerce DECEM The Ambassadors leave Riga Ermes Castle Halmet Castle Ringen Come to Derpt An Episcopal City Re-united to the Crown-f Poland Taken by the Suedes An University founded there by the King of Sueden JANUARY 1634. The Ambassadours come to Narva FEBRUARY To Reuel MAY. Return to Narva and meet the Suedish Ambassadors The Muscovites and Persians defray Ambassadors charges Anniversary Ceremonies observ'd by the Muscovites for the dead The Ambassadors leave Narva Gam Fort. Kapurga The civility of the Muscovian Ladies Johannestal JUNE Neuschans Ladoga a Lake The Ambassadors come to Notebourg Spiring a fifth Ambassador from Sueden a Hollander born and sometime an Arrasweaver The Suedish Ambassadors depart A Suedish resolution The Muscovites sleep after Dinner The reception of the Suedish Ambassadors A Muscovian Collation The situation of Notebourg JULY The Ambassadors came to Laba Their reception Another Muscovian Collation The Ambassadors prosecute their Voyage Come to Ladoga The Musick of Muscovy Wolgda The devotion of the Muscovites Wolgda described A dangerous fall of water Troublesome Flies and other insects The Presents of a Muscovian Monk The Muscovites do not condemn those of a contrary belief Corodiza Soliza Grunza Wisoko Krifseuiza The Ambassadors came to Novogorod Brunits AUGUS A Muscovian Procession Crasmistansky Gam Chresta Jaselbitza Simnogora Wolsolk Columna Budeua Torsock Tuere The River Wolga Nichola Nachinski The reception of the Ambassadors The Pristafs take the vpper hand of the Amdors Their Lodgings The Great Dukes refreshing present to the Ambassadors They are under a Guard The Ambassadors Cavalcade The Presents The Ceremonies of the audience The Grand Duke treats the Ambassadors SEPTEM The Muscovian New-years day A Tartarian Cavalcade The entrance of a â—urkish Ambassador The Turkish Ambassadors first audience OCTOB A Muscovian Festival The Great Duke goes a Pilgrimage NOVEM The Great Duke grants the Ambassadors a passage through his Country A Cavalcade of Crim-Tartars The Ambassadors have their last Audience The Czaar's present Klâ—n Tuere Tarsock Novogorod 1635. JANUARY Mokriza Tauerin Orlin Sariza Lilienhagen Narva Reuel Narva Reuel FEBRUARY The Description of Parnau 1635. The Ambassadors come to Riga Mittau Courland made a Dutchy Doblen Bador Hashof Walzau Memel Swenzel Bulcapen Koningsberg Elbing Dantsig It Stetin Rostock Wismar Schonberg APRIL Lubeck Arnsbock Pretz Kiel Gottorp 1635. Preparatives for the second Voyage The Ambassadors retinue They embark The Ship strikes against a
Frontiers Its Cities Its Families and Revenue The prodigious Revenue of one Provincâ— The Province of Chekiang Cities Families It s Revenue It s abundance in Silk The City of Quinsay Marc Paulo justified The greatness of the City of Hangckeâ— The Province of Fokien Its Frontiers Cities Families and Revenues The Inhabitants of Fokien trade most out of the Kingdom The Province of Quantung Its Frontiers Cities Families Revenue The richest Province of China The industry of the Inhabitants The Province of Quangsi Its Cities Frontiers Families and Revenue The Province of Queicheu Its Cities Revenue Frontiers The Province of Iunnan Its Frontier It s wealth Cities Families and Revenue There are both black and white Chineses The difference of Fruits in China The Chineses hate idleness China Fruits better then ours Wax and Honey Sugar Flesh very cheap Spice Their fishing How they breed Ducks How hatched The Inhabitants Their cloathing Their Women Are ingenious Their Money The provision for the subsistance of the poor Printing in China before we had it Their way of writing Their Paper The dignity of Loytia The Chineses very ceremonious Their Feast Plate Their new-years day The honour they do Embassadours Their weddings Polygamy lawful The Government of China Monarchical Offensive Warr become defensive by a Fundamental Law Their King called Son of Heaven The Crown hereditary The Councel of State Astrology requisue in Councellors of State Viceroys Governours Other Officers of Provinces Officers of the Crown 〈…〉 Debtors 〈◊〉 treated An admirable order Their Toâ—tures Prisons Their punishments That of Thieves The Visitors The Religion of the chineses Their Divinities 〈◊〉 China Saints The Fablâ— of Quanina The 〈◊〉 of Neoma The Chineses use incâ—ntations How they do it They invoke the Devil Their beliâ—f concerning the Creation They believe the Immortality of the Soul And Metempsychosis Their Religious men Vse Beads Funeral Ceremonies Their mourning The present State of China The Tartars possessed of China And forced thence The origine of the Royal house of Teyming The beginning of the Tartarian War Take the Metropolis of Leatung Vanlie dies and succeeded by Tayohang He by Thienki Whâ— forces â—way the Tartars But they re-enter Leaotung Take the Isle of Thaoyuen The Kings of China and Tartary dye The Chineses betray their Country Thienzung King of Tartary dies Lizungzo enters the Province of Xansi Takes the City of Peking A Chinese calls the Tartarâ—te his relief against the Rebels Lizungzo flies The Tartars will not go out of China And proclaioâ— their King Emperour of China Usanguei made King The Southerly Provinces chuse another Emperour A Son of Zungchini'â— The Tartars enter the Province of Nanking Hungquang strangled Several Chinese Lords retire to Haneheu Another Emperour Who is also strangled Another Prince in the Province of Chekiang Another in that of Fokien This division proves the ruine of China The Tartars reduce the Province of Fokien The treachery of a Chinese Pirat An Emperour chosen in Quangsi 1639 FEBRVARY The Voyage continued Several sorts of Birds And Fish Marsouiâ— Tuberones MARCH Very changeable weather near the Line Maurice Island described It s Haven And offords the best Ebony A prodigious Thornback * The Dutch have built a â—orâ— there 〈…〉 1640. No four-footed Beasts A French man lived 20. moneths in Maurice Island The Ship â—uts not into the Island APRIL Pintados a Bird discovâ—ring nearness to Land Mangas de valeudo a kind of Bird. The Cape of Agulhas Fish â—oreshewing the change of weather Trombas MAY. Cabo Falso They discover the Cape of Good hope The Cape of Good hopâ— Pinquins a kind of â—owl The Inhabitants about the Cape of Goodhope Their clâ—thing Their food Vse no husbandry Know neither God nor the Devil Lions their only enemies Hurricans IUNâ— IVLY They discover Madagascar Arive there What Commodities go off at Madagascâ—r The Lord of those parts Makes an alliance with the English AVGVST Madagascar described It s greatness It s Havens Dragons-bloud Aloes The Island rich in Cattle It s Inhabitams The men are courageous Their Arms. Their Chief Their Religion Mozambique When discovered by the Portuguez The fist landing of the Dutch 〈◊〉 Madagascâ—â— SEPTEMBER Declinatâ—â— of the Loadstone The Island of St. Elizabeth Sea-Wolves Badger OCTOBER St. Helen's Island Planted by the Portuguez Ascension Island St. Thomas Island Land Crevisses The Inhabitants Rolles-Island Carisco-Island November Capo Verde Its Inhabitants Their Arms The women do all the work The men drunkards Believe the immortality of the soul. D. â—urique discovers Guiny The scituâ—tion of Mina The Religion of the Inhabitants Their Superstitious Religious in their Oaths Their Clothing Their Arms. The settlement of the Dutch in Guiny Diego Can discovers the Kingdom of Congo The Kingdom of Congâ— â—s Provinces Bamba Songo Sunda Pango Batta Pamba The Air of the Country The River Zaire Sea-horses Gold Mines Serpents Cocos Their houses They are all Arâ—hitects and Physiâ—ions Their Clothing The wealth of the Country Their money The obsolute power of the King of Congo The Governour of Batta Minister of State Hâ— priviledges Their Armies and manner of fighting How Christian Religion was introduced there The Kingdom of Beny Cabo Verde described The Inhabitants of the Cabo Verde Are Pagans Their way of raising forces Their Nobility The state of the Country when first discovered The Green Island Sargasso Flamencos St. Jago The Voyageâ— continued The Aâ—â—ores Tercera Angra They 〈◊〉 good Fruit. Battatâ—s 〈◊〉 Potatoes Their Wheat will not keep Tercera Oâ—en very large Is 〈…〉 Earthquakes An Island started of â— sudden A Spring that petrifies wood A kind of wood hard as Iron Cedar St. Michaels Island St. Maries Island Gratiosa Island St. Georges Island Fayal Island Pico Island The Island de Flores The convenience of these Islands The Air very sharp in the Assores 1640. The â—anaries When discovered Lewis Count of Clermont conquers them A French Gentleman conquers them by commission from the King of Casteel 〈…〉 of Castile Great Canary Teneriffe Fierro Island A miraculous tree The Voyage continued DECEMBER The West-wind 〈◊〉 from the Azores to England Come into the Channel The Isle of Wight Dover 〈…〉 like to be cast away in the Haven Another tempest Canterbury Canterbury Come to London IANV S. Edmund Wright A strange attempt of a Duch marriner An example of a dreadful solitude A strange resolution of two Slaves MARCH I left London Mandelslo leaves London MAY.
on one of the Lords who put to death the Heir of the Crown the Emperour of Japan raises his Armies upon the charge of his Subjects is able to raise three hundred sixty eight thousand foot and thirty eitht thousand eight hundred Horse p. 149 Their Arms their Companies and Regiments the Council of State the expence of great Lords p. 150 The magnificence of the Lords in their buildings three years requisite to provide an entertainment for the Emperour the Emperour marries all the great Lords Women kept in restraint p. 151 Women never talk of business the generosity of a Japponese Wife p. 152 An example of modesty in a Maid the reservedness of their Conversation the men jealous ibid. Adultery severely punished fornication permitted they have no devotion their Pagodes and Priests p. 153 The Ecclesiasticks divided into several sects the death they are put to for breach of Vows their opinion concerning the Soul no disputes about Religion p. 154 Thephate Christians their diabolical inventions to put them to death p. 155 Their houses their civility p. 156 No drinking houses in Japan their Musick Wine Tsia how prepared their marriages and education of children ibid. They go not to school till seven or eight years of age are not swath'd the Japonneses tender in point of honour p. 157 What Forreigners trade thither the occasion of the rupture between the Chineses and Japponeses Japan was not peopled by Chineses p. 158 No Custom paid in Japan no correspondence between the Emperour of Japan and other Princes their Arithmetick the Dayro writes the History of the Country p. 159 The money of Japan its store of Cattel and Fowl several sorts of Mineral waters p. 160 Their Physicians the riches of Japan a particular way of melting Iron the Roman Catholick Religion planted in Japan the Spaniards banish'd it the Dutch establish there the Air of Japan p. 161 The Japonneses distinguished into five Orders the principal Ministers of Japan the procession of the Dayro and the Emperour the Dayro's baggage the Ladies of Honour ibid. Twenty seven Lords of the Dayro's Retinue twenty four Gentlemen the Dayro's three Wives the chief servants of those Ladies threescore and eight Gentlemen p. 162 The Emperour and his Ward the greatest Lords of Japan the Dayro's Concubines his Secretary p. 163 His Musickâ— the Dayro himself the Emperours Presents to him p. 164 The Isle of Tayovang the Dutch settle there and call it New Zealand the Government is absolutely anarchical p. 165 The places possest there by the Dutch the Inhabitants of Fermosa are civil good-natur'd ingenious its Fruits ibid. Their Wine the Women go a fishing How the Men liveâ— their hunting p. 166 The manner of their War their Armes the Island Tugin p. 167 Their Magistracy and its authority their punishments p. 168 The Magistrate hath no power their respect for old age mens age in order to marriage p. 169 Their marriages a pleasant kind of married life the women not permitted to bear children till thirty five years of age p. 170 Divorce lawful among them their houses their sustenance have no Festivals Dogs-hair Stuffes their Funerals p. 171 They neither bury nor burn the dead a sure remedy in painful diseases their Religion their sins ibid. Their Gods women only imployed about Religious Mysteries their Devotion p. 172 The Kingdom of China its Frontiers Extent Provinces p. 173 The Province of Peking its Frontiers Cities Families Revenue Xuntien described c. p. 174 The Palaces the Provinces of Xansi and Xensi their Frontiers c. p. 175 The great Wall by whom built the Province of Xantung its Frontirrs Cities c. p. 176 The Provinces of Honan c. the Province of Suchuen c. Radix Sina the Province of Huguang c. the Province of Quangsi its Frontiers c. ibid. Porcelane made at Kiangsi the Province of â—anking c. the Prince of Checkiang c. p. 177 The City of Quinsay Mark Paulo vindicated the greatness of the City of Huncheu the Province of Fokien c. the Inhabitants of Fokien trade most out of the Kingdom p. 178 The Province of Quantung c. the industry of the Inhabitants the Province of Quangsi its Cities c. the Province of Quieucheu its Cities c. p. 179 The Province of Junan c. both black and white Chineses the difference of Fruits in China the Chineses hate idleness China Fruits better then ours Wax Honey Sugar p. 180 Flesh cheap their Fishing how they breed Ducks ibid. The Inhabitants their cloathing their women their money the provision made for the subsistance of the poor p. 181 Printing in China before we had it their way of writing their paper the dignity of Loytia the Chineses very Ceremonious p. 182 Their Feasts their Plate their New-years day the honour they do Embassadours p. 183 Their Weddings Polygamy lawful the Government of China Monarchial p. 184 Offensive war made defensive by a fundamental Law their King called Son of Heaven the Council of State Astrology requisite in Councellors of State Viceroys and Governours ibid. Other Officers of Provinces Officers of the Crown Debtors how treated an admirable Order their tortures Prisons p. 185 Their punishments the Visitours p. 186 The Religion of the Chineses their Divinities three China Saints the Fable of Quaniâ—a p. 187 The Fable of Neoma the Chineses use incantations they invoke the Devil ibid. Their belief concerning the Creation they believe the immortality of the Soul Purgatory p. 188 They believe the Metempsychosis their Religious men they use beads funeral Ceremonies their mourning the present state of China p. 189 The Tartars possess'd of China forced thence the Origine of the Royal House of Teimings the beginning of the Tartarian war Leaotung taken p. 190 Vanlie dies and is succeeded by Tayohang who forces away the Tartars but they re-enter Leagtung the Kings of China and Tartary die the Chineses betray their Country Thienâ—ung King of Tartary dies p. 191 Lizungzo enters the Province of Xansi takes the City of Peking p. 192 A Chinese calls the Tartars to his relief against the Rebels the Tartars will not depart China p. 193 They proclaim their King Emperour of China Usanguei made King the Southerly Provinces chose another Emperour the Tartars enter the Province of Nanking Hungquang strangled ibid. Several Chinese Lords retire to Hangcheu Another Emperour who is also strangled other Princes this division proves the ruine of China the Tartars reduce the Province of Fokien the treachery of a Chinese Pirate p. 194 An Emperour chosen in Quangsi the Tartars absolute Masters of China p. 195 FEBRVARY He leaves Ceylon the 20. and comes the second of July following to the Island of Madagascar where they stay six weeks The Voyage continued several sorts of Birds p. 196 Several sorts of Fish ibid. Very changeable weather near the Line p. 197 Maurice Island discover'd its Haven a prodigious Thorn-back No four-footed beasts in the said Island the story of a