a_o great_a way_n at_o the_o end_n of_o which_o sand_n and_o in_o the_o innermost_a part_n of_o the_o bay_n lie_v a_o little_a island_n call_v in_o english_a mutton-iland_n and_o by_o the_o irish_a enis_n kerrigh_n which_o have_v the_o same_o signification_n at_o the_o east_n side_n whereof_o one_o may_v anchor_v in_o five_o or_o six_o fathom_n of_o water_n but_o from_o thence_o northwards_o until_o the_o city_n of_o galloway_n which_o be_v the_o space_n of_o two_o or_o three_o mile_n none_o but_o little_a vessel_n and_o bark_n can_v go_v the_o city_n stand_v not_o on_o the_o bay_n itself_o but_o on_o a_o broad_a water_n like_o a_o river_n the_o which_o not_o far_o above_o galloway_n come_v out_o of_o a_o great_a lake_n call_v lough_n corbes_n discharge_v itself_o into_o the_o bay_a a_o little_a above_o mutton_n i_o will_v sect._n 7._o the_o havens_n of_o limmerick_n smerwick_n dingle-bay_n ventrie_n and_o dingle-icoush_a the_o next_o great_a haven_n on_o the_o west_n side_n of_o ireland_n to_o the_o south_n of_o galloway_n be_v that_o of_o limmerick_n which_o haven_n divide_v the_o province_n of_o connaught_n from_o munster_n be_v of_o a_o huge_a length_n no_o less_o than_o fifty_o mile_n for_o so_o far_o it_o be_v from_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o haven_n until_o the_o city_n of_o limmerick_n to_o who_o wall_n great_a vessel_n may_v go_v up_o without_o meet_v with_o any_o thing_n else_o in_o all_o that_o way_n save_v a_o many_o little_a isle_n but_o not_o any_o fâ—ul_a place_n rock_n or_o sands_n this_o harbour_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o great_a lough_n half_a way_n its_o length_n grow_v somewhat_o narrow_a but_o immediate_o enlarge_n itself_o again_o into_o a_o great_a breadth_n whereinto_o the_o river_n shanon_n upon_o who_o bank_n limmerick_n be_v situate_v discharge_v itself_o a_o little_a way_n below_o the_o say_a city_n although_o the_o english_a and_o the_o irish_a both_o call_v it_o the_o shanon_n all_o the_o way_n until_o the_o sea_n as_o it_o be_v not_o a_o lough_n into_o which_o the_o river_n fall_v but_o the_o river_n itself_o thus_o enlarge_v come_v out_o of_o this_o harbour_n the_o land_n on_o the_o left_a hand_n shoot_v a_o huge_a way_n westward_n into_o the_o sea_n on_o the_o side_n of_o which_o fore-land_n ten_o oâ—_n twelve_o mile_n at_o this_o side_n of_o the_o uttermost_a point_n betwixt_o which_o and_o the_o isle_n of_o blaske_n pass_v the_o sound_n of_o the_o same_o name_n be_v the_o haven_n of_o smerwick_n not_o very_o great_a deep_a but_o clean_o and_o well_o enclose_v at_o the_o other_o side_n of_o this_o fore-land_n and_o to_o the_o north-east_n from_o the_o blaske_n be_v a_o fair_a and_o very_a large_a bay_n call_v dingle-bay_n the_o which_o go_v very_o many_o mile_n into_o the_o land_n have_v in_o it_o divers_a good_a havens_n one_o whereof_o call_v ventry_n be_v four_o or_o five_o mile_n from_o the_o sound_n of_o blaske_n eastward_n and_o three_o or_o four_o mile_n further_a be_v dingle-icoush_a before_o the_o mouth_n of_o which_o harbour_n and_o at_o the_o westside_n of_o it_o lie_v a_o rock_n call_v the_o crow_n round_o about_o the_o which_o one_o may_v sail_v without_o danger_n it_o be_v always_o above_o water_n but_o at_o spring_n tide_n at_o which_o time_n the_o sea_n do_v overflow_v it_o sect._n 8._o more_o bantrie_n and_o beerhaven_n against_o the_o southeast_n corner_n of_o dingle-bay_n lie_v a_o great_a island_n call_v valentia_n betwixt_o which_o and_o the_o main_n be_v a_o very_a fair_a and_o safe_a road._n and_o a_o little_a way_n beyond_o that_o island_n go_v in_o another_o huge_a bay_n call_v more_o which_o shoot_v into_o the_o land_n a_o great_a deal_n further_o than_o dingle-bay_n and_o somewhat_o further_o be_v a_o three_o bay_n call_v bantrie_n which_o equal_v more_o both_o in_o breadth_n and_o length_n in_o both_o which_o as_o well_o as_o in_o dingle-bay_n there_o be_v several_a good_a harbour_n and_o road_n more_o have_v in_o the_o mouth_n some_o fifty_o or_o five-and-forty_a fathom_n of_o water_n enter_v in_o further_a there_o be_v six_o and_o twenty_o twenty_o and_o eighteen_o afterward_o you_o come_v to_o ten_o and_o to_o six_o and_o in_o the_o innermost_a part_n to_o three_o and_o two_o fathom_n be_v throughout_o very_o clean_a and_o free_a from_o all_o kind_n of_o rock_n and_o sand_n except_o in_o very_a few_o place_n as_o you_o enter_v into_o bantrie_n side-ward_n upon_o the_o left_a hand_n lie_v a_o reasonable_a big_a i_o will_v call_v the_o island_n of_o beerhaven_n betwixt_o which_o and_o the_o main_a there_o go_v in_o a_o fair_a sound_n be_v a_o great_a musket_n shoot_v broad_a the_o which_o in_o its_o whole_a length_n from_o where_o it_o begin_v until_o the_o place_n where_o it_o end_v at_o the_o further_a part_n of_o the_o island_n be_v the_o space_n of_o some_o mile_n seâ—veth_v for_o a_o very_a good_a and_o safe_a port_n wherefore_o also_o it_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o a_o hauâ—n_n be_v call_v beerhaven_n a_o good_a way_n within_o the_o mouthâ—ly_a some_o rock_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o channel_n the_o which_o at_o high_a water_n be_v overflow_v &_o you_o may_v sail_v of_o either_o side_n of_o they_o &_o at_o the_o other_o side_n of_o this_o sound_n where_o the_o same_o come_v out_o into_o the_o bantrie_n there_o lie_v two_o great_a rock_n just_a in_o the_o mouth_n betwixt_o which_o the_o ship_n may_v pass_v as_o also_o betwixt_o the_o same_o and_o the_o land_n of_o either_o side_n all_o the_o rest_n of_o this_o harbour_n or_o sound_n be_v every_o where_o very_o clean_a and_o clear_a and_o very_o good_a anchor-ground_n ten_o twelve_o and_o thirteen_o fathom_n deep_a sect._n 9_o whiddie-haven_n and_o langerf_n in_o the_o innermost_a of_o the_o bantrie_n lie_v a_o island_n about_o three_o mile_n long_o call_v whiddie_a betwixt_o which_o and_o the_o main_n be_v a_o very_a fair_a wide_a bay_n be_v the_o uttermost_a end_n of_o the_o great_a bay_a bantrie_n where_o you_o may_v every_o where_o come_v to_o a_o anchor_n in_o three_o four_o five_o or_o six_o fathom_n in_o as_o much_o or_o as_o little_a water_n as_o you_o will_v according_a as_o you_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o ride_v near_o the_o shore_n or_o further_a from_o it_o be_v every_o where_o clean_a ground_n ship_n may_v enter_v into_o this_o bay_n or_o sound_v in_o two_o several_a place_n at_o both_o end_n of_o the_o island_n but_o the_o entrance_n at_o the_o south-end_n be_v very_o dangerous_a because_o that_o there_o betwixt_o the_o island_n whiddie_a and_o the_o main_a land_n it_o be_v in_o most_o place_n foul_a and_o rocky_a but_o in_o the_o other_o entrance_n at_o the_o northern_a end_n of_o the_o island_n be_v both_o room_n and_o depth_n enough_o it_o be_v much_o broad_a than_o that_o at_o the_o south-end_n and_o eight_o and_o nine_o fathom_n deep_a and_o there_o be_v nothing_o that_o can_v do_v hurt_v except_o only_o a_o row_n of_o rock_n a_o little_a musket_n shoot_v from_o the_o shore_n the_o which_o be_v cover_v at_o high_a water_n do_v not_o begin_v to_o appear_v but_o at_o half_a â—bb_n right_o against_o this_o island_n at_o the_o other_o side_n of_o bantrie_n be_v a_o haven_n call_v langerf_n in_o which_o be_v every_o where_o good_a anchor_a and_o good_a ground_n only_o at_o the_o one_o side_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n close_o to_o the_o mouth_n lie_v some_o foul_a ground_n the_o which_o fall_v dry_a at_o the_o ebb_n of_o a_o springtide_n from_o beerhaven_n to_o the_o northern_a corner_n of_o the_o island_n whiddie_n the_o bantrie_n tend_v east-north-east_n and_o north-east_n eighteen_o or_o twenty_o mile_n in_o length_n over_o against_o beerhaven_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o fair_a water_n it_o be_v deep_a forty_o six_o and_o thirty_o and_o thirty_o fathom_n beyond_o the_o island_n fifteen_o and_o sixteen_o but_o further_o in_o approach_v the_o i_o will_v of_o whiddie_a it_o be_v again_o twenty_o and_o five_o and_o twenty_o fathom_n deep_a sect._n 10._o downams_n bay_n baltimore-bay_n and_o baltimore-haven_n next_o to_o the_o bantrie_n and_o only_o by_o a_o narrow_a neck_n of_o land_n divide_v from_o it_o be_v downams_n bay_n be_v great_a and_o wide_o although_o no_o way_n comparable_a to_o any_o of_o those_o three_o already_o describe_v a_o very_a commodious_a road_n to_o save_v ship_n in_o and_o good_a anchor_n ground_n every_o where_o the_o land_n to_o the_o east_n of_o this_o bay_n shoot_v out_o very_o far_o to_o the_o seaward_o the_o uttermost_a point_n thereof_o call_v messan-head_n be_v the_o southermost_a cape_n of_o all_o ireland_n for_o cape_n de_fw-fr clare_n be_v about_o twenty_o mile_n further_o to_o the_o east_n and_o somewhat_o more_o southerly_a be_v not_o on_o the_o main_n but_o in_o a_o island_n beyond_o messan-head_n be_v another_o bay_n far_o great_a than_o any_o of_o those_o
three_o forename_a but_o nothing_o like_o the_o same_o in_o shape_n nor_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n run_v with_o a_o long_a arm_n a_o huge_a way_n into_o the_o land_n but_o rather_o approach_v to_o the_o figure_n of_o a_o half_a moon_n in_o this_o bay_n be_v crook-haven_n school-haven_n and_o several_a other_o great_a havens_n not_o only_o on_o the_o main_a land_n but_o also_o in_o some_o of_o the_o land_n whereof_o there_o be_v a_o great_a number_n in_o this_o bay_n the_o most_o easterly_a of_o all_o these_o land_n be_v baltimore_n the_o which_o surpass_v all_o the_o other_o in_o bigness_n give_v its_o name_n unto_o the_o bay_n that_o part_n of_o the_o bay_n which_o lie_v betwixt_o this_o island_n and_o the_o main_n have_v a_o narrow_a entrance_n but_o within_o of_o a_o great_a largeness_n be_v a_o marvellous_a good_a road_n where_o ship_n may_v come_v to_o a_o anchor_n on_o either_o side_n &_o lie_v defend_v off_o all_o wind_n it_o be_v five_o and_o six_o fathom_n deep_a on_o the_o side_n &_o six_o and_o 7._o in_o the_o midst_n in_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o harbour_n next_o to_o the_o east-side_n lie_v a_o blind_a rock_n &_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o it_o another_o rock_n which_o appear_v at_o low_a water_n there_o be_v nothing_o else_o that_o can_v do_v hurt_v this_o haven_n be_v far_o the_o princpal_a of_o all_o this_o bay_n have_v its_o name_n as_o well_o as_o the_o bay_n itself_o of_o the_o island_n be_v call_v baltimore-haven_n to_o the_o north_n of_o that_o island_n lie_v another_o â—land_n call_v spain-iland_n where_o one_o may_v pass_v betwixt_o these_o two_o land_n to_o the_o west_n and_o so_o out_o of_o baltimore-haven_n go_v into_o the_o sea_n but_o only_o with_o small_a vessel_n because_o half_a flood_n there_o be_v not_o above_o 12._o or_o thiteen_fw-mi foot_n of_o water_n in_o all_o that_o channel_n sect._n 11_o castle-haven_n rosse-haven_n clandore_n haven_n with_o the_o havens_n of_o kinsale_n and_o cork_n some_o mile_n beyond_o baltimore-bay_n be_v castle-haven_n where_o ship_n may_v come_v to_o a_o anchor_n in_o twelve_o fathom_n of_o water_n be_v of_o a_o reasonable_a bigness_n and_o very_o clear_a and_o clean_o as_o well_o in_o the_o entrance_n as_o within_o between_o castle-haven_n and_o kinsale_n be_v two_o other_o good_a havens_n to_o wit_n that_o of_o rosse_n and_o of_o clandore_n in_o which_o there_o be_v water_n enough_o and_o very_o clean_a ground_n the_o haven_n of_o kinsale_n be_v one_o of_o the_o famous_a of_o all_o ireland_n ship_n may_v sail_v into_o it_o keep_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o channel_n without_o any_o danger_n either_o without_o or_o in_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o harbour_n except_o a_o blind_a rock_n close_o to_o the_o east_n point_fw-fr within_o the_o haven_n on_o the_o westside_n lie_v a_o great_a shelf_n which_o shoot_v a_o great_a way_n off_o from_o the_o land_n but_o leave_v a_o very_a large_a passage_n along_o by_o the_o side_n of_o it_o in_o which_o as_o in_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o harbour_n it_o be_v many_o fathom_v deep_a this_o haven_n for_o some_o mile_n go_v in_o north-north-east_n but_o afterward_o turn_v westward_o until_o the_o key_n of_o kinsale_n where_o ship_n may_v ride_v in_o eight_o or_o nine_o fathom_n of_o water_n be_v defend_v off_o all_o wind_n ten_o or_o twelve_o mile_n to_o the_o east_n of_o kinsale_n be_v cork-haven_n the_o which_o go_v in_o north-north-east_n be_v within_o large_a and_o wide_a run_v a_o great_a way_n into_o the_o land_n for_o the_o town_n of_o cork_n until_o who_o key_n this_o haven_n be_v very_o clean_a and_o deep_a be_v seat_v many_o mile_n from_o the_o sea_n and_o from_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o harbour_n chap._n iii_o of_o the_o lesser_a havens_n and_o the_o bar_a havens_n of_o ireland_n also_o of_o the_o road_n and_o anchor-place_n upon_o the_o coast_n and_o in_o the_o little_a land_n near_o the_o coast_n sect._n 1_o wexford-haven_n after_o the_o description_n of_o the_o principal_a havens_n of_o ireland_n we_o shall_v come_v to_o they_o of_o less_o moment_n in_o which_o number_n we_o put_v all_o those_o which_o either_o in_o their_o entrance_n or_o within_o have_v not_o water_n enough_o for_o the_o bigh_a sort_n of_o vessel_n as_o likewise_o those_o the_o which_o be_v deep_a enough_o be_v but_o very_o little_a and_o of_o a_o small_a pourprise_n and_o in_o this_o description_n we_o shall_v observe_v the_o same_o order_n as_o in_o the_o former_a begin_v with_o wexford_n and_o so_o go_v northward_o than_o west_n afterward_o southward_o and_o last_o east_n and_o northeastward_a until_o we_o have_v go_v about_o the_o whole_a island_n the_o haven_n of_o wexford_n run_v in_o west_n and_o by_o north_n and_o with_o her_o innermost_a part_n altogether_o northward_o just_o before_o this_o haven_n lie_v two_o great_a shelf_n of_o sand_n by_o the_o side_n one_o of_o the_o other_o of_o which_o that_o on_o the_o southside_n be_v call_v hanemans-path_n and_o the_o other_o north-ground_n there_o go_v a_o channel_n betwixt_o hanemans-path_n and_o the_o land_n on_o the_o southside_n of_o the_o haven_n and_o another_o betwixt_o the_o north-side_n and_o the_o north-ground_n but_o this_o last_o have_v but_o six_o foot_n of_o water_n at_o full_a flood_n and_o in_o the_o other_o eight_o foot_n with_o the_o flood_n of_o ordinary_a tide_n and_o ten_o at_o springtide_n the_o chief_a channel_n be_v that_o which_o go_v in_o betwixt_o the_o two_o sand_n be_v four_o and_o five_o fathom_n deep_a beside_o these_o sand_n there_o be_v another_o shelf_n in_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o harbour_n itself_o which_o kind_n of_o sandy-bank_n lie_v across_o in_o the_o mouth_n of_o harbour_n and_o river_n be_v usual_o call_v bar_n and_o the_o havens_n which_o have_v they_o bared-haven_n with_o a_o high_a flood_n there_o be_v about_o sixteen_o foot_n of_o water_n be_v past_o the_o bar_n you_o have_v for_o some_o way_n three_o fathom_n of_o water_n three_o and_o a_o half_a and_o four_o but_o afterward_o for_o a_o great_a way_n but_o ten_o foot_n and_o ten_o a_o half_a with_o a_o high_a flood_n although_o under_o the_o castle_n where_o the_o ship_n come_v to_o a_o anchor_n you_o have_v four_o fathom_n and_o before_o the_o town_n three_o but_o because_o of_o the_o forementioned_a shallows_o no_o vessel_n can_v go_v to_o wexford_n that_o draw_v more_o than_o ten_o foot_n of_o water_n but_o must_v unlade_v and_o lade_v in_o a_o creek_n near_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o haven_n on_o the_o southside_n about_o three_o mile_n from_o the_o town_n where_o be_v water_n enough_o but_o no_o shelter_n for_o the_o south-west_n wind_n the_o which_o do_v come_v over_o the_o land_n to_o this_o place_n sect._n 2._o dublin-haven_n dublin_n haven_n have_v a_o bar_n in_o the_o mouth_n upon_o which_o at_o high-flood_n and_o springtide_n there_o be_v fifteen_o and_o eighteen_o foot_n of_o water_n but_o at_o the_o ebb_n and_o nepâ—-tide_n but_o six_o with_o a_o ordinary_a tide_n you_o can_v go_v to_o the_o key_n of_o dublin_n with_o a_o ship_n that_o draw_v five_o foot_n of_o water_n but_o with_o a_o springtide_n you_o may_v go_v up_o with_o ship_n that_o draw_v seven_o and_o eight_o foot_n those_o that_o go_v deep_o can_v go_v near_a dublin_n than_o the_o rings-end_n a_o place_n three_o mile_n distant_a from_o the_o bar_n and_o one_o from_o dublin_n this_o haven_n almost_o all_o over_o fall_v dry_a with_o the_o ebb_n as_o well_o below_o rings-end_n as_o above_o it_o so_o as_o you_o may_v go_v dry-foot_o round_o about_o the_o ship_n which_o lie_v at_o a_o anchor_n there_o except_o in_o two_o place_n one_o at_o the_o north-side_n half_a way_n betwixt_o dublin_n and_o the_o bar_n and_o the_o other_o at_o the_o southside_n not_o far_o from_o it_o in_o these_o two_o little_a creek_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v call_v the_o pool_n of_o clantarf_n and_o the_o other_o poolebeg_n it_o never_o fall_v dry_a but_o the_o ship_n which_o ride_v at_o a_o anchor_n remain_v ever_o afloat_o because_o at_o low_a water_n you_o have_v nine_o or_o ten_o foot_n of_o water_n there_o this_o haven_n beside_o its_o shallownes_n have_v yet_o another_o great_a incommodity_n that_o the_o ship_n have_v hardly_o any_o shelter_n there_o for_o any_o wind_n not_o only_o such_o as_o come_v out_o of_o the_o sea_n but_o also_o those_o which_o come_v off_o from_o the_o land_n especial_o out_o of_o the_o south-west_n so_o as_o with_o a_o great_a south-west_n storm_n the_o ship_n run_v great_a hazard_n to_o be_v carry_v away_o from_o their_o anchor_n and_o drive_v into_o the_o sea_n which_o more_o than_o once_o have_v come_v to_o pass_v and_o particular_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o november_n anno_fw-la 1637_o when_o in_o one_o night_n ten_o or_o twelve_o bark_n have_v that_o misfortune_n befall_v they_o of_o the_o most_o
wexford_n to_o the_o point_n of_o glasearick_n from_o which_o place_n to_o the_o bay_n of_o dublin_n be_v about_o fifty_o mile_n the_o coast_n be_v full_a of_o inlet_n where_o it_o be_v very_o good_a anchor_a in_o good_a sand_n ground_n especial_o to_o the_o north_n of_o arkloe-head_n in_o a_o fair_a sand_n bay_v every_o where_o in_o eight_o seven_o or_o five_o fathom_n and_o between_o arkloe_n and_o missen-head_n be_v the_o space_n of_o six_o or_o seven_o mile_n in_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o bay_n of_o dublin_n at_o this_o side_n of_o the_o bar_n be_v good_a anchor_a as_o well_o on_o the_o south_n side_n before_o the_o village_n dalkee_n which_o place_n be_v know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o berton_n road_n as_o on_o the_o north-side_n round_o about_o that_o great_a cape_n name_v the_o head_n of_o houth_n between_o strangford-haven_n and_o the_o bay_n of_o knockfergus_n be_v divers_a good_a anchoring-place_n but_o all_o that_o coast_n be_v very_o foul_a with_o rock_n and_o blind_a rock_n to_o the_o north_n of_o knockfergus_n be_v divers_a inlet_n where_o one_o may_v come_v to_o a_o anchor_n there_o be_v some_o rock_n but_o they_o all_o stand_v above_o the_o water_n so_o as_o easy_o they_o may_v be_v shun_v sect._n 8._o the_o rest_n of_o the_o road_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o ireland_n to_o the_o west_n of_o fair-foreland_a the_o coast_n be_v flat_a and_o clean_o so_o as_o there_o ship_n may_v anchor_v every_o where_o in_o eight_o and_o nine_o fathom_n under_o the_o point_n of_o eniston_n on_o the_o westside_n one_o may_v anchor_v for_o easterly_a wind_n or_o to_o stop_v the_o tide_n between_o loughsuille_n and_o sheeps-haven_n be_v a_o inlet_n where_o ship_n may_v come_v to_o a_o anchor_n but_o the_o ground_n be_v somewhat_o foul_a on_o the_o westside_n of_o cape-horn_n ship_n may_v ride_v at_o anchor_n for_o easterly_a wind_n and_o along_o the_o whole_a coast_n between_o cape-horn_n and_o the_o isle_n of_o aran_n be_v every_o where_o good_a anchor-ground_n as_o also_o upon_o the_o west-coast_n between_o st._n johns-point_n and_o dungal-haven_n be_v the_o space_n of_o five_o or_o six_o mile_n in_o the_o sound_n of_o blasket_n it_o be_v good_a anchor_a on_o the_o southside_n of_o the_o point_n for_o northern_a and_o western_a and_o on_o the_o north-side_n for_o the_o contrary_a wind_n on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o old-head_n of_o kinsalâ—_n by_o the_o dutch_a mariner_n call_v cape_n velho_n ship_n may_v anchor_v as_o deep_a or_o shallow_a as_o they_o will_n there_o be_v also_o a_o good_a inlet_n for_o to_o anchor_v in_o a_o few_o mile_n beyond_o the_o haven_n of_o cork_n and_o on_o the_o east-side_n of_o ardimore-head_n be_v a_o bay_n where_o it_o be_v good_a ride_v for_o westerly_a wind_n in_o seven_o or_o eight_o fathom_n there_o be_v also_o a_o good_a anchor_a place_n or_o two_o betwixt_o dungarvan_n and_o the_o haven_n of_o waterford_n sect._n 9_o road_n in_o the_o land_n of_o salter_n dalkee_n irelands-eye_n and_o lambay_v as_o for_o the_o road_n in_o the_o land_n about_o half_a way_n betwixt_o waterford_n haven_n and_o carnarord_n lie_v two_o little_a land_n a_o mile_n or_o two_o from_o the_o land_n call_v salter_n the_o southmost_a whereof_o which_o lie_v further_a from_o the_o land_n be_v much_o big_a than_o the_o other_o ship_n may_v pass_v between_o these_o two_o land_n in_o five_o six_o and_o seven_o fathom_n on_o the_o east-side_n of_o the_o lesser_a island_n be_v a_o good_a road_n to_o come_v to_o a_o anchor_n in_o seven_o or_o eight_o fathom_n where_o ship_n may_v ride_v in_o safety_n for_o south-west_n west_n and_o north-west_n wind_n and_o on_o the_o north-west-side_n of_o the_o big_a island_n ship_n may_v anchor_v in_o seven_o eight_o or_o nine_o fathom_n the_o road_n be_v defend_v off_o southsoutheast_n and_o east-south-east_n wind_n close_o by_o the_o south_n point_n of_o dublin-bay_n lie_v a_o small_a island_n call_v dalkee_n betwixt_o which_o and_o the_o main_a land_n pass_v a_o sound_n seven_o eight_o and_o nine_o fathom_n deep_a in_o which_o you_o may_v anchor_v under_o the_o island_n on_o the_o north-side_n of_o the_o head_n of_o houth_n lie_v another_o small_a island_n scarce_o half_a a_o mile_n in_o compass_n wherein_a as_o also_o in_o dalkee_n no_o body_n inhabit_v both_o serve_v only_o for_o to_o feed_v cattle_n have_v a_o decay_a chapel_n on_o the_o westside_n over_o against_o which_o ship_n may_v come_v to_o a_o anchor_n three_o or_o four_o mile_n beyond_o ireland_n ay_o lie_v the_o i_o will_v of_o lambry_n belong_v to_o sir_n william_n usher_n of_o dublin_n who_o have_v there_o a_o fine_a little_a castle_n of_o free_a stone_n and_o close_o by_o it_o a_o village_n wherein_o dwell_v divers_a family_n of_o fisher_n and_o husbandman_n who_o plough_n part_n of_o this_o island_n and_o upon_o the_o the_o rest_n seed_n cattle_n and_o sheep_n the_o whole_a island_n be_v about_o three_o mile_n in_o compass_n be_v high_a land_n wherefore_o it_o may_v be_v see_v a_o great_a way_n off_o on_o the_o north-side_n of_o this_o island_n ship_n may_v anchor_v in_o twelve_o and_o thirteen_o fathom_n for_o a_o southerly_a wind_n for_o a_o sea-wind_n the_o ship_n must_v ride_v on_o the_o westside_n over_o against_o the_o castle_n but_o that_o road_n be_v not_o very_o good_a because_o always_o in_o that_o sound_n be_v about_o three_o mile_n broad_a go_v a_o great_a sea_n sect._n 10._o road_n in_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o little_a land_n about_o ireland_n right_o against_o the_o promontory_n of_o fair-foreland_n lie_v the_o island_n raghleen_n where_o ship_n may_v sail_v round_o about_o as_o well_o at_o the_o out_o side_n as_o betwixt_o it_o and_o the_o land_n according_a as_o the_o wind_n and_o tide_n serve_v on_o the_o south-west_n side_n be_v a_o fair_a bay_n with_o very_o fine_a sand-ground_n where_o ship_n may_v ride_v defend_v off_o all_o wind_n a_o little_a way_n on_o this_o side_n and_o to_o the_o east_n of_o brandhaven_n lie_v skire_n portrush_v a_o rocky_a island_n the_o which_o on_o the_o southside_n have_v a_o fair_a bay_n very_o good_a sand-ground_n where_o ship_n may_v anchor_v in_o six_o or_o seven_o fathom_n be_v shelter_v of_o all_o wind_n except_o the_o east-north-east_n wind_n the_o which_o along_o the_o coast_n do_v direct_o blow_v upon_o it_o there_o be_v a_o good_a road_n on_o the_o south-east-side_n of_o the_o i_o will_v of_o aran_n situate_v on_o the_o north-west-side_n of_o ireland_n and_o betwixt_o this_o island_n and_o the_o main_a there_o lie_v three_o or_o four_o small_a isle_n where_o ship_n may_v anchor_v in_o divers_a place_n and_o be_v secure_v off_o all_o wind_n there_o be_v also_o a_o good_a road_n for_o some_o wind_n under_o eneskie_a island_n the_o middlemost_a of_o the_o three_o land_n situate_v betwixt_o akill_n head_n and_o sline-head_n call_v boche_n where_o be_v good_a anchor_a in_o four_o fathom_n under_o the_o northern-most_a island_n of_o those_o three_o lie_v in_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o bay_n of_o galloway_n under_o enis_n morrow_n one_o of_o the_o blaskee_n under_o dorse_n i_o will_v lie_v betwixt_o the_o bay_n of_o more_o and_o bantree_n in_o the_o sound_n which_o pass_v betwixt_o the_o same_o i_o will_v and_o the_o main_a land_n ten_o or_o twelve_o mile_n to_o the_o east_n of_o cork-haven_n lie_v a_o island_n call_v balle-cotton_n where_o ship_n may_v anchor_v in_o five_o or_o six_o fathom_n for_o westerly_n and_o southerly_a wind_n there_o be_v also_o a_o good_a road_n on_o the_o east-side_n of_o capel-iland_n a_o little_a i_o will_v lie_v three_o or_o four_o mile_n from_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o haven_n of_o youghall_n chap._n iv._o quality_n and_o fashion_n of_o the_o irish_a coast_n or_o shore_n item_n a_o brief_a description_n of_o the_o principal_a promontory_n or_o head_n of_o ireland_n sect._n 1_o of_o the_o low_a and_o strandie_a shore_n of_o ireland_n the_o irish_a coast_n be_v not_o every_o where_o alike_o but_o of_o several_a sort_n in_o some_o place_n the_o land_n along_o the_o sea_n be_v low_a and_o flat_a have_v a_o broad_a sandy_a strand_n with_o a_o row_n of_o sandy_a hill_n the_o which_o do_v part_v the_o land_n from_o the_o strand_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o it_o be_v upon_o all_o the_o coast_n of_o holland_n and_o flaunders_n where_o these_o kind_n of_o hill_n be_v call_v duynen_n or_o down_n only_o with_o this_o difference_n that_o they_o be_v not_o so_o large_a nor_o high_a as_o in_o the_o low-countries_n and_o that_o the_o row_n of_o they_o take_v up_o but_o a_o little_a space_n in_o breadth_n this_o kind_n of_o strand_n be_v in_o most_o part_n of_o fingall_n be_v a_o portion_n of_o the_o county_n of_o dublin_n northwards_o towards_o tredagh_n and_o a_o good_a way_n beyond_o that_o and_o else_o where_o in_o other_o place_n lie_v no_o down_n or_o sandy_a hill_n
nor_o any_o other_o height_n betwixt_o the_o strand_n and_o the_o land_n it_o be_v only_o defend_v from_o the_o overflow_n of_o the_o sea_n by_o a_o unsensible_a rise_n sect._n 2._o of_o the_o high_a and_o hilly_a shore_n of_o ireland_n in_o other_o place_n the_o land_n be_v high_a and_o hilly_a on_o the_o seaside_n part_v whereof_o do_v descend_v by_o degree_n towards_o the_o sea_n have_v a_o strand_n below_o but_o elsewhere_o the_o land_n be_v high_a and_o steep_a be_v wash_v underneath_o by_o the_o deep_a sea_n so_o as_o ship_n of_o a_o great_a burden_n may_v sail_v close_o by_o it_o the_o which_o may_v be_v observe_v not_o only_o in_o the_o head_n or_o cape_n the_o most_o part_n whereof_o be_v thus_o fashion_v but_o in_o many_o other_o place_n &_o in_o great_a extent_n of_o the_o coast_n for_o as_o concern_v the_o say_n of_o giraldus_n that_o ireland_n every_o where_o upon_o the_o coast_n be_v very_o low_a est_fw-la per_fw-la omne_fw-la svi_fw-la latera_fw-la a_o marináque_fw-la littora_fw-la terra_fw-la valdè_fw-la demissa_fw-la that_o be_v evident_o repugnant_a to_o the_o truth_n some_o of_o these_o high_a shore_n be_v bare_a naked_a rock_n cover_v with_o very_o little_a or_o no_o earth_n so_o as_o scarce_o any_o thing_n grow_v upon_o they_o but_o dry_a grass_n and_o heath_n other_o be_v stony_a within_o but_o have_v at_o the_o top_n a_o reasonable_a deep_a mould_n and_o all_o over_o clothe_v with_o good_a grass_n some_o of_o they_o be_v so_o exceed_o steep_a towards_o the_o seaside_n that_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o man_n or_o beast_n be_v come_v to_o the_o further_a end_n to_o go_v one_o step_n further_o without_o fall_v down_o and_o be_v lose_v so_o as_o it_o have_v happen_v that_o cattle_n and_o sheep_n feed_v in_o those_o place_n when_o they_o be_v come_v to_o the_o top_n and_o follow_v the_o grass_n sudden_o tumble_v down_o fall_v headlong_o into_o the_o sea_n or_o upon_o the_o hard_a sharp_a rock_n stand_v at_o the_o bottom_n sect._n 3_o cape_n on_o the_o east-side_n of_o ireland_n the_o head_n or_o cape_n of_o ireland_n be_v in_o great_a number_n and_o many_o of_o they_o very_o observable_a to_o the_o great_a commodity_n of_o the_o seafaring_a man_n in_o the_o south-easterly_a point_n of_o ireland_n be_v the_o cape_n of_o greenore_n five_o or_o six_o mile_n to_o the_o south_n of_o the_o bay_n of_o wexford_n be_v not_o very_o high_a but_o steep_a and_o flat_a at_o the_o top_n and_o three_o or_o four_o mile_n to_o the_o south-west_n from_o it_o be_v the_o point_n of_o carnarord_n betwixt_o wexford_n and_o dublin_n there_o be_v five_o head_n that_o of_o glascarick_n which_o the_o dutch_a mariner_n call_v the_o blew-point_n and_o the_o steeppoint_v twelve_o mile_n to_o the_o north_n of_o the_o bay_n of_o wexford_n be_v of_o no_o great_a height_n that_o of_o glaskerman_n or_o arklo_n be_v weâ—-near_a at_o the_o same_o distance_n from_o the_o head_n of_o glascarick_n as_o that_o be_v from_o the_o bar_n of_o wexford_n missan_n head_n some_o nine_o or_o ten_o mile_n further_o to_o the_o north._n the_o head_n of_o wickloe_n six_o mile_n beyond_o missan-head_n be_v steep_a and_o rocky_a divide_v at_o the_o top_n into_o two_o little_a hillock_n and_o the_o five_o and_o last_o of_o all_o that_o of_o bray_n about_o fifteen_o mile_n beyond_o wickloe_n and_o five_o or_o six_o mile_n to_o the_o south_n of_o the_o bay_n of_o dublin_n be_v a_o great_a and_o high_a cape_n shoot_v a_o good_a way_n into_o the_o sea_n and_o so_o steep_a that_o it_o be_v ten_o fathom_n deep_a there_o close_o under_o the_o land_n on_o the_o north-side_n of_o dublin-bay_n be_v the_o head_n of_o houth_n a_o great_a high_a mountain_n three_o or_o four_o mile_n compass_n in_o the_o bottom_n have_v the_o sea_n on_o all_o side_n except_o the_o westside_n where_o with_o a_o long_a narrow_a neck_n it_o be_v join_v to_o the_o land_n which_o neck_n be_v low_a ground_n one_o may_v from_o either_o side_n see_v the_o sea_n over_o it_o so_o that_o afar_o off_o it_o seem_v as_o if_o it_o be_v a_o island_n this_o head_n may_v be_v see_v a_o great_a way_n off_o at_o sea_n for_o even_o upon_o the_o land_n one_o may_v very_o perfect_o see_v it_o not_o only_o upon_o the_o key_n of_o dublin_n which_o be_v six_o mile_n from_o thence_o but_o nine_o or_o ten_o mile_n further_o westward_o upon_o all_o the_o coast_n from_o the_o head_n of_o houth_n to_o dondrom_n be_v the_o space_n of_o about_o threescore_o mile_n be_v none_o considerable_a but_o some_o mile_n beyond_o dondrom_n and_o three_o or_o four_o mile_n at_o this_o side_n the_o haven_n of_o arglas_n be_v st._n johns-point_n a_o head_n and_o fore-land_n which_o shoot_v a_o good_a way_n into_o the_o sea_n the_o next_o head_n beyond_o st._n john_n be_v the_o point_n at_o the_o north-side_n of_o the_o haven_n of_o strangford_n which_o the_o dutch_a mariner_n by_o a_o notable_a mistake_n call_v the_o point_n of_o arglas_n all_o these_o cape_n lie_v on_o the_o east-side_n of_o ireland_n who_o utmost_a point_n northward_o be_v the_o promontory_n of_o fair-foreland_a sect._n 4._o cape_n on_o the_o north-side_n of_o ireland_n about_o fifty_o mile_n to_o the_o west_n of_o fair-foreland_a and_o well_o near_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o north-coast_n be_v the_o head_n of_o enyston_n which_o with_o the_o land_n next_o adjoin_v lie_v much_o more_o northward_o and_o run_v further_a out_o into_o the_o sea_n than_o any_o other_o land_n upon_o this_o coast_n be_v of_o a_o great_a height_n so_o as_o it_o may_v easy_o be_v know_v by_o any_o that_o once_o have_v see_v it_o some_o forty_o mile_n more_o westward_o beyond_o this_o promontory_n lie_v the_o cape_n which_o be_v know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o horn-head_n be_v a_o hill_n with_o two_o hommock_n at_o the_o top_n in_o fashion_n somewhat_o like_a unto_o two_o horn_n from_o whence_o it_o have_v receive_v its_o denomination_n sect._n 5._o cape_n on_o the_o westside_n of_o ireland_n upon_o the_o westside_n of_o the_o irish_a coast_n be_v four_o principal_a head_n viz._n tellin-head_n lie_v about_o thirty_o mile_n to_o the_o south-west_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o aran_n the_o which_o be_v situate_v over_o against_o the_o north-westerly_a point_n of_o ireland_n akil-head_n some_o mile_n to_o the_o south_n of_o broad-haven_n be_v not_o on_o the_o main_n but_o in_o a_o island_n sline-head_n which_o by_o the_o seafaring_a man_n be_v call_v twelvepence_n because_o the_o land_n show_v itself_o in_o twelve_o round_a hommock_n be_v situate_v well_o near_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o west-coast_n and_o lupis-head_n which_o be_v the_o northern-point_n of_o the_o haven_n of_o limmerick_n as_o for_o the_o other_o head_n upon_o the_o same_o westside_n namely_o those_o three_o betwixt_o the_o haven_n of_o slego_n and_o broad-haven_n by_o the_o irish_a pilot_n call_v can-moin_a can-killaloy_a and_o can-jores_a can_v in_o irish_a betoken_v a_o head_n in_o all_o sort_n of_o signification_n renilira_n and_o clegan_n between_o akil-head_n and_o sline-head_n which_o last_o the_o irish_a call_v can-leme_a brain_n and_o calew_n situate_v to_o the_o south_n of_o the_o bay_n of_o galloway_n and_o can-sanan_a be_v the_o south-point_n of_o the_o bay_n of_o limmerick_n those_o be_v less_o considerable_a sect._n 6._o head_n on_o the_o southern_a coast_n of_o ireland_n upon_o the_o south-west-side_n of_o ireland_n the_o principal_a head_n be_v cape-dorses_a situate_v in_o a_o island_n of_o the_o same_o name_n betwixt_o the_o two_o great_a bay_n of_o more_o and_o bantree_n and_o messan-head_n situate_v betwixt_o the_o bay_n of_o bantree_n and_o baltimore_n be_v the_o same_o in_o camden_n opinion_n which_o ptolemy_n call_v notium_n that_o be_v southern_a it_o be_v the_o most_o southerly_a point_n of_o all_o ireland_n upon_o the_o south-east-side_n be_v the_o head_n of_o clare_n stand_v in_o a_o island_n on_o the_o east-side_n of_o the_o bay_n of_o baltimore_n and_o a_o great_a way_n from_o thence_o the_o old_a head_n of_o kinsale_n call_v cape_n velho_n by_o the_o dutch_a mariner_n which_o head_n to_o those_o that_o come_v sail_v along_o the_o land_n afar_o off_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o island_n be_v a_o point_n which_o shoot_v a_o great_a way_n into_o the_o sea_n who_o utmost_a or_o most_o southerly_a end_n be_v very_o high_a and_o steep_a upon_o the_o same_o side_n stand_v the_o head_n of_o ardimore_n which_o run_v a_o great_a way_n into_o the_o sea_n from_o the_o land_n on_o both_o side_n and_o because_o of_o its_o height_n may_v be_v see_v many_o mile_n off_o chap._n v._o of_o the_o sand_n or_o ground_n blind-rock_n and_o other_o rock_n in_o the_o irish_a sea_n sect._n 1_o of_o the_o ground_n before_o the_o coast_n betwixt_o dublin_n and_o wexford_n the_o sea_n which_o inviron_v ireland_n be_v as_o free_v from_o shelf_n
sand_n or_o ground_n as_o any_o in_o all_o the_o world_n not_o alone_o upon_o the_o other_o side_n where_o the_o same_o be_v wide_a and_o open_a far_o distant_a from_o all_o other_o land_n but_o upon_o the_o east-side_n where_o the_o same_o be_v enclose_v betwixt_o ireland_n and_o great-britain_n in_o which_o whole_a space_n it_o have_v not_o any_o other_o sand_n than_o those_o situate_v along_o the_o coast_n between_o dublin_n and_o wexford_n these_o indeed_o be_v of_o a_o huge_a extent_n but_o not_o turn_v and_o wind_v as_o most_o part_n of_o the_o ground_n in_o other_o place_n but_o in_o a_o straight_a line_n north-north-east_n &_o southsouthwest_n be_v far_o from_o the_o land_n with_o their_o north-end_n and_o as_o they_o go_v southward_o so_o they_o do_v come_v near_o to_o the_o land_n and_o near_o the_o tuskar_n a_o rock_n right_n against_o the_o point_n of_o greenore_n in_o which_o place_n they_o end_v they_o be_v not_o much_o more_o than_o two_o mile_n distant_a from_o the_o land_n whereas_o the_o distance_n betwixt_o the_o north-end_n near_o the_o island_n dalkee_n which_o island_n as_o before_o we_o have_v show_v lie_v at_o the_o entrance_n of_o dublin-bay_n about_o threescore_o mile_n from_o the_o tuskar_n be_v above_o eight_o mile_n they_o be_v all_o of_o a_o stoney-ground_n in_o some_o place_n but_o one_o fathom_n deep_a and_o a_o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a but_o in_o the_o north-end_n two_o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a and_o three_o fathom_n betwixt_o these_o ground_n and_o the_o land_n lie_v two_o or_o three_o little_a sand_n beside_o those_o which_o lie_v in_o and_o before_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o bay_n of_o wexford_n one_o betwixt_o the_o south-end_n and_o greenore_n another_o to_o the_o south_n of_o the_o head_n of_o glascarick_n a_o good_a mile_n from_o the_o land_n call_v rush_n and_o ram_n and_o a_o three_o one_o mile_n to_o the_o south_n of_o arcklohead_n call_v glaskerman_n somewhat_o more_o than_o half_a a_o mile_n from_o the_o land_n and_o about_o two_o mile_n long_o sect._n 2._o of_o the_o channel_n betwixt_o the_o land_n and_o the_o forename_a ground_n the_o channel_n betwixt_o the_o great_a ground_n and_o the_o land_n be_v very_o deep_a all_o over_o so_o that_o the_o big_a vessel_n may_v pass_v through_o it_o from_o dublin_n to_o wexford_n and_o from_o wexford_n to_o dublin_n take_v care_n only_o that_o they_o do_v not_o come_v too_o near_o the_o ground_n the_o which_o be_v very_o steep_a on_o the_o inside_n as_o they_o be_v also_o without_o or_o on_o the_o east-side_n where_o ship_n may_v not_o come_v near_o to_o they_o than_o in_o 24._o and_o 25._o fathom_n because_o that_o in_o twenty_o fathom_n one_o be_v close_o by_o they_o it_o be_v requisite_a not_o to_o go_v further_o off_o from_o the_o land_n than_o in_o seven_o or_o eight_o fathom_n in_o which_o depth_n ship_n may_v within_o a_o cabel_n length_n sail_v all_o along_o the_o coast_n the_o which_o here_o every_o where_o be_v very_o clean_a and_o free_a from_o all_o danger_n and_o even_o between_o the_o land_n and_o the_o forename_a small_a ground_n glaskerman_n and_o rush_n and_o ram_n the_o sea_n be_v very_o clean_a and_o deep_a so_o as_o most_o ship_n do_v pass_v betwixt_o they_o and_o the_o land_n and_o not_o about_o by_o the_o out_o side_n of_o they_o these_o sand_n in_o four_o several_a place_n be_v cut_v through_o with_o fair_a broad_a and_o deep_a channel_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v over_o against_o the_o bay_n of_o wexford_n the_o other_o against_o glascarick_n be_v no_o less_o than_o fifteen_o or_o sixteen_o fathom_n deep_a the_o three_o right_n against_o arckloe_n in_o which_o channel_n it_o be_v about_o seven_o or_o eight_o fathom_n deep_a and_o the_o four_o be_v direct_o against_o wickloe_n sect._n 3_o blind_a rock_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o ireland_n from_o the_o saltee_n unto_o wickloe_n there_o be_v some_o blind_a rock_n in_o this_o sea_n but_o lie_v for_o the_o most_o part_n close_o under_o the_o land_n or_o near_o some_o of_o the_o little_a land_n or_o high_a rock_n so_o as_o they_o may_v easy_o be_v shun_v the_o rather_o because_o most_o of_o they_o do_v at_o low_a water_n appear_v either_o in_o part_n or_o altogether_o to_o speak_v a_o little_a of_o these_o in_o order_n the_o saltee_n two_o little_a land_n situate_v half_a way_n between_o the_o haven_n of_o waterford_n and_o and_o the_o head_n of_o carnarord_n of_o the_o which_o have_v be_v speak_v heretofore_o have_v both_o at_o the_o north-side_n some_o blind_a rock_n whereof_o those_o which_o lie_v near_o the_o big_a and_o southermost_a island_n fall_v dry_a at_o low_a water_n about_o three_o mile_n to_o the_o south_n of_o the_o same_o big_a island_n lie_v a_o blind_a rock_n call_v kinmore_n of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o ship_n at_o half_a ebb_n it_o come_v above_o water_n and_o be_v so_o steep_a that_o with_o the_o side_n of_o a_o ship_n one_o may_v lie_v close_o against_o it_o and_o have_v fourteen_o fathom_n of_o water_n so_o as_o without_o any_o danger_n one_o may_v sail_v very_o close_o by_o it_o to_o the_o southeast_n of_o the_o fore_n name_v big_a island_n do_v also_o lie_v some_o blind_a rock_n call_v the_o frail_n the_o which_o may_v be_v see_v at_o low_a water_n and_o ship_n may_v pass_v through_o the_o midst_n of_o they_o about_o half_a a_o mile_n from_o blackrock_n a_o note_a rock_n whereof_o shall_v be_v speak_v anon_o lie_v a_o blind_a rock_n call_v the_o barrel_n of_o the_o which_o one_o must_v take_v heed_n very_o careful_o a_o little_a to_o the_o west_n of_o carnarord_n lie_v a_o small_a rocky_a foul_a close_o under_o the_o land_n betwixt_o carnarord_n and_o st_n margaret_n bay_n it_o be_v foul_a and_o rocky_a but_o the_o foul_a ground_n do_v not_o reach_v far_o into_o the_o sea_n southsoutheast_n from_o st_n margaret_n bay_n lie_v a_o blind_a rock_n call_v caliogh_n the_o which_o at_o low_a water_n fall_v dry_a from_o the_o point_n of_o greenore_n a_o riff_o of_o blind_a rock_n and_o stone_n run_v almost_o the_o length_n of_o a_o mile_n into_o the_o sea_n the_o which_o at_o low_a water_n fall_v dry_a a_o good_a way_n from_o the_o land_n at_o the_o north-side_n of_o the_o head_n of_o arcklo_n lie_v a_o little_a stony_a row_n the_o which_o be_v shun_v very_o careful_o by_o the_o ship_n not_o dare_v to_o come_v near_o to_o it_o than_o in_o five_o fathom_n of_o water_n sect._n 4._o the_o rest_n of_o the_o blind_a rock_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o ireland_n just_o to_o the_o south_n of_o the_o head_n of_o wickloe_n a_o little_a way_n from_o the_o land_n lie_v a_o rocky_a sand_n call_v horse-shoe_n betwixt_o which_o and_o the_o land_n ship_n may_v sail_v through_o if_o need_v be_v but_o that_o be_v full_a of_o danger_n it_o be_v do_v very_o seldom_o and_o a_o little_a further_o to_o the_o south_n lie_v a_o little_a blind_a rock_n close_o by_o the_o land_n call_v the_o wolf_n the_o which_o at_o half_a ebb_n come_v above_o water_n betwixt_o which_o and_o the_o land_n fisher_n boat_n do_v pass_v the_o like_a blind_a rock_n &_o rocky_a sand_n lie_v upon_o the_o coast_n betwixt_o tredagh_n and_o dundalk_v as_o also_o betwixt_o dundalk_n and_o carlingford_n in_o both_o place_n close_o under_o the_o land_n at_o both_o the_o point_n of_o the_o havens_n of_o carlingford_n &_o strangford_n under_o st_n johns_n point_n situate_v half_a way_n between_o those_o two_o havens_n on_o both_o side_n of_o those_o two_o great_a rock_n a_o little_a way_n beyond_o strangford_n haven_n call_v southrock_n and_o northrock_n between_o the_o land_n of_o copland_n iles_n and_o the_o land_n at_o the_o south-point_n of_o the_o bay_n of_o knockfergus_n round_o about_o those_o great_a rock_n over_o against_o oldfleet_n call_v the_o nine_o maid_n to_o the_o west_n of_o the_o little_a island_n call_v sheeps-iland_n betwixt_o port_n belletree_n and_o skire_n portrush_v which_o rock_n be_v call_v the_o chicken_n halfway_n betwixt_o loughsuillie_a and_o sheeps-haven_n a_o mile_n or_o two_o from_o the_o land_n which_o rock_n the_o flood_n do_v cover_v but_o at_o ebb_n they_o come_v above_o water_n &_o in_o several_a other_o place_n upon_o the_o west-coast_n &_o the_o south-coast_n the_o which_o it_o will_v be_v tedious_a all_o to_o particularise_v wherefore_o we_o will_v conclude_v this_o rehearsal_n of_o the_o blind_a rock_n with_o that_o which_o to_o the_o west_n of_o st_n johns_n point_n a_o point_n situate_v three_o or_o four_o mile_n southwards_o from_o kilbeg-haven_n do_v lie_v somewhat_o more_o than_o a_o mile_n off_o from_o the_o land_n upon_o which_o the_o sea_n break_v with_o great_a noise_n and_o nevertheless_o one_o may_v free_o and_o without_o any_o danger_n sail_n between_o the_o same_o and_o the_o land_n sect._n 5._o rock_n in_o the_o irish_a sea_n upon_o the_o
east-side_n and_o the_o north-side_n of_o the_o coast_n there_o be_v also_o divers_a rock_n that_o always_o stand_v above_o water_n the_o which_o as_o they_o be_v dangerous_a in_o the_o dark_a night_n and_o in_o misty_a weather_n so_o at_o other_o time_n they_o be_v rather_o profitable_a than_o hurtful_a forasmuch_o as_o they_o serve_v the_o seafaring_a man_n for_o sea-mark_n and_o help_v they_o to_o discern_v the_o situation_n and_o distance_n of_o the_o coast_n wherefore_o also_o the_o most_o part_n of_o they_o have_v receive_v peculiar_a and_o proper_a name_n the_o principal_a of_o this_o whole_a number_n be_v the_o tuskar_n a_o great_a black_a smooth_a rock_n of_o fashion_n like_o unto_o a_o ship_n turn_v the_o upside_o downward_o but_o as_o big_a again_o lie_v south-eastwards_a from_o the_o point_n of_o greenore_n the_o space_n of_o three_o mile_n to_o the_o south_n west_n of_o the_o tuskar_n a_o great_a way_n and_o about_o a_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a from_o the_o big_a of_o the_o saltee_n be_v the_o rock_n kinbeg_n to_o the_o north-east_n of_o the_o saltee_n stand_v two_o rock_n not_o far_o the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o of_o which_o the_o one_o of_o its_o situation_n be_v call_v northrock_n &_o the_o southermost_a the_o tun_n to_o the_o east_n of_o these_o two_o and_o about_o three_o mile_n from_o the_o point_n of_o carnarord_n lie_v black-rock_n be_v clean_o of_o all_o side_n so_o as_o ship_n may_v free_o sail_v round_o about_o it_o without_o any_o fear_n or_o danger_n a_o mile_n or_o two_o to_o the_o north_n of_o lambry_n lie_v a_o great_a rock_n call_v rock_n abill_n about_o which_o ship_n may_v sail_v of_o all_o side_n two_o mile_n beyond_o the_o north-point_n of_o the_o haven_n of_o strangford_n be_v two_o great_a rock_n the_o one_o call_v northrock_n and_o the_o other_o distant_a two_o mile_n from_o it_o to_o the_o south_n southrock_n the_o northrock_n be_v a_o number_n of_o rock_n lie_v close_o together_o divers_z whereof_o be_v cover_v at_o high-water_n from_o the_o end_n of_o these_o two_o shoot_v out_o riffe_n of_o foul_a and_o rocky-ground_n but_o betwixt_o they_o go_v a_o broad_a clean_o and_o deep_a channel_n through_o which_o all_o manner_n of_o ship_n even_o the_o big_a may_v pass_v six_o or_o seven_o mile_n to_o the_o north_n of_o the_o bay_n of_o knockfergus_n and_o three_o mile_n from_o the_o land_n be_v the_o nine_o maid_n be_v great_a rock_n that_o lie_v but_o a_o little_a above_o the_o water_n or_o low_a rocky-ile_n with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o blind_a rock_n about_o the_o same_o so_o as_o ship_n may_v come_v no_o near_o to_o they_o than_o within_o five_o or_o six_o mile_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n of_o low_a rock_n or_o little_a rocky-iland_n be_v also_o those_o who_o be_v call_v enesteâ—hull-ilands_n be_v situate_v before_o the_o most_o northerly-point_n of_o ireland_n betwixt_o loughfoile_n and_o loughsuillie_a sect._n 6._o rock_n in_o the_o irish-sea_n upon_o the_o western_a and_o the_o southern-coast_n near_o the_o land_n of_o aran_n upon_o the_o north-west-coast_n of_o ireland_n lie_v several_a high_a rock_n call_v the_o stag_n of_o aran_n and_o such_o other_o rock_n call_v the_o stag_n of_o broad-haven_n lie_v three_o or_o four_o mile_n from_o the_o northern-point_n of_o broad-haven_n three_o mile_n to_o the_o northwest_n of_o akill-head_n lie_v black-rock_n a_o great_a high_a and_o black_a rock_n with_o several_a other_o rock_n near_o unto_o it_o on_o the_o north-side_n and_o westside_n of_o the_o land_n blaske_n lie_v over_o against_o the_o most_o westerly-point_n of_o ireland_n be_v several_a great_a rock_n some_o whereof_o be_v call_v the_o horse_n and_o other_o the_o buck_n seven_o or_o eight_o league_n to_o the_o south_n of_o blaske_n lie_v three_o great_a rock_n call_v the_o skelligh_n the_o easterly_a about_o three_o mile_n and_o the_o westerly_a six_o or_o seven_o mile_n from_o the_o land_n the_o which_o to_o those_o that_o come_v from_o the_o south_n when_o first_o they_o begin_v to_o see_v they_o resemble_v the_o sail_n of_o ship_n without_o the_o head_n of_o dorse_n lie_v three_o other_o great_a rock_n whereof_o the_o uttermost_a or_o the_o most_o westerly_a be_v call_v the_o bull_n the_o middlemost_a the_o cow_n and_o the_o three_o the_o calf_n be_v clean_o round_o about_o so_o as_o without_o any_o danger_n one_o may_v sail_v between_o they_o five_o or_o six_o mile_n west_n and_o by_o south_n of_o the_o head_n of_o clare_n lie_v a_o high_a steep_a rock_n alone_o in_o the_o sea_n call_v fastney_n the_o which_o at_o the_o first_o appear_v look_v like_o the_o sail_n of_o a_o ship_n two_o or_o three_o mile_n to_o the_o east_n of_o baltimore_n and_o a_o mile_n or_o two_o from_o the_o land_n lie_v five_o or_o six_o high_a steep_a rock_n call_v the_o stag_n as_o those_o of_o aran_n and_o broad-haven_n to_o those_o that_o come_v from_o the_o east_n along_o the_o land_n when_o first_o they_o begin_v to_o have_v they_o in_o sight_n they_o resemble_v some_o spire_n or_o pointed-steeple_n stand_v together_o two_o mile_n eastward_n from_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o haven_n of_o kinsale_n lie_v two_o great_a black_a rock_n the_o one_o somewhat_o far_o from_o the_o land_n than_o the_o other_o there_o lie_v also_o several_a rock_n near_o the_o little_a land_n of_o dalkee_n and_o irelands-eye_n the_o one_o situate_v before_o the_o north-point_n and_o the_o other_o before_o the_o south-point_n of_o the_o bay_n of_o dublin_n as_o heretofore_o we_o have_v show_v likewise_o on_o both_o end_n of_o the_o i_o will_v of_o lambey_n half_a way_n betwixt_o the_o same_o island_n and_o tredagh-haven_n close_o by_o the_o land_n near_o the_o island_n ranghlins_n near_o skire_v portrush_v and_o in_o several_a other_o place_n but_o the_o principal_a and_o most_o considerable_a be_v those_o whereof_o we_o have_v speak_v chap._n vi_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o irish-sea_n and_o of_o the_o tide_n which_o go_v in_o the_o same_o sect._n 1_o the_o irish-sea_n not_o so_o tempestuous_a as_o it_o be_v bruit_v to_o be_v that_o part_n of_o the_o irish-sea_n which_o divide_v ireland_n from_o great-britain_n be_v very_o much_o defame_v both_o by_o ancient_n and_o modern_a writer_n in_o regard_n of_o its_o boysterousness_n and_o tempestuousness_n as_o if_o it_o be_v more_o subject_a to_o storm_n and_o rage_a weather_n than_o any_o other_o and_o consequent_o not_o to_o be_v pass_v without_o very_o great_a danger_n mare_fw-la quod_fw-la hiberniam_fw-la &_o britanniam_fw-la interluit_fw-la undosum_fw-la inquietumque_fw-la toto_fw-la in_o anno_fw-la non_fw-la nisi_fw-la paucis_fw-la diebus_fw-la est_fw-la navigabile_fw-la that_o be_v the_o sea_n which_o pass_v betwixt_o ireland_n and_o britain_n be_v boisterous_a and_o restless_a so_o as_o but_o few_o day_n in_o the_o year_n ship_n can_v go_v upon_o it_o sai_z solinus_z with_o who_o giraldus_n who_o several_a time_n go_v to_o and_o fro_o betwixt_o england_n and_o ireland_n full_o agree_v write_v in_o this_o manner_n hibernicum_n mare_fw-la concurrentibus_fw-la fluctibus_fw-la undosissimum_fw-la fere_n semper_fw-la est_fw-la inquietum_fw-la it_o a_o ut_fw-la vix_fw-la etiam_fw-la aestivo_fw-la tempore_fw-la paucis_fw-la diebus_fw-la se_fw-la navigantibus_fw-la tranquillum_fw-la praebeat_fw-la that_o be_v the_o irish-sea_n be_v very_o boisterous_a through_o the_o concourse_n of_o the_o wave_n be_v almost_o always_o restless_a so_o as_o even_o in_o the_o summertime_n it_o be_v hardly_o for_o a_o few_o day_n quiet_a enough_o to_o be_v sail_v upon_o likewise_o also_o camden_n and_o speed_n give_v unto_o this_o sea_n the_o surname_n of_o boisterous_a and_o tempestuous_a yea_o it_o be_v a_o common_a proverb_n in_o england_n as_o unquiet_a as_o the_o irish-sea_n nevertheless_o it_o be_v nothing_o so_o bad_a as_o they_o make_v it_o and_o the_o word_n of_o stanyhurst_n in_o his_o annotation_n upon_o giraldus_n mare_n hibernicum_n satis_fw-la tranquillum_fw-la est_fw-la nisi_fw-la ventorum_fw-la vi_fw-la agitâ—tur_fw-la &_o non_fw-la solum_fw-la aestate_fw-la sed_fw-la etiam_fw-la summa_fw-la hyemâ—_fw-la vectores_fw-la ultro_fw-la citroque_fw-la navigant_fw-la the_o irish-sea_n be_v quiet_a enough_o except_o when_o by_o high_a wind_n it_o be_v stir_v so_o as_o not_o only_o in_o the_o summer_n but_o even_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o winter_n people_n do_v pass_v it_o to_o &_o fro_o be_v altogether_o true_a &_o confirm_v by_o daily_a experience_n true_a it_o be_v that_o some_o ship_n do_v perish_v upon_o this_o but_o the_o same_o happen_v as_o well_o upon_o other_o sea_n who_o be_v all_o subject_n to_o the_o disaster_n of_o tempest_n and_o shipwreck_n sect._n 2._o cause_n of_o the_o loss_n of_o such_o ship_n as_o perish_v upon_o this_o sea_n the_o common_a cause_n of_o the_o cast_v away_o of_o ship_n upon_o this_o sea_n and_o upon_o the_o east-coast_n of_o ireland_n be_v this_o that_o in_o the_o long_a dark_a winter-night_n when_o this_o disaster_n be_v more_o frequent_a than_o at_o
part_n whereof_o never_o no_o news_n have_v be_v hear_v since_o sect._n 3_o the_o havens_n of_o drogheda_n and_o dundalk_n the_o haven_n of_o drogheda_n or_o as_o the_o word_n be_v pronounce_v in_o common_a use_n tredagh_o be_v very_o troublesome_a to_o be_v get_v into_o as_o have_v not_o only_o a_o bar_n lie_v across_o before_o its_o mouth_n over_o the_o which_o vessel_n can_v pass_v but_o at_o high_a water_n but_o also_o very_o narrow_a in_o the_o mouth_n this_o haven_n not_o be_v a_o arm_n or_o bay_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o only_o a_o river_n which_o keep_v she_o own_o bigness_n until_o the_o end_n without_o receive_v any_o notable_a enlargement_n of_o the_o sea_n about_o her_o mouth_n as_o other_o river_n use_v to_o do_v upon_o this_o bar_n be_v as_o much_o water_n as_o upon_o that_o of_o dublin_n and_o the_o ship_n which_o can_v pass_v the_o bar_n may_v go_v up_o to_o the_o key_n of_o tredagh_n which_o town_n be_v seat_v about_o two_o mile_n from_o the_o month_n of_o this_o river_n which_o be_v call_v the_o boine_n sixteen_o mile_n to_o the_o north_n of_o tredagh_n stand_v dundalk_v where_o a_o wide_a open_a bay_n make_v by_o the_o give_v back_o and_o retire_n of_o the_o coast_n grow_v narrow_a and_o receive_v a_o little_a river_n which_o above_o dundalk_n be_v but_o a_o small_a brook_n make_v a_o kind_n of_o haven_n where_o never_o be_v much_o water_n and_o with_o the_o ebb_n may_v be_v pass_v over_o a_o foot_n wherefore_o and_o because_o there_o be_v not_o any_o shelter_n for_o the_o wind_n come_v from_o the_o sea_n nor_o any_o usual_a traffic_n this_o road_n be_v very_o little_o frequent_v sect._n 4._o the_o havens_n oâ—_n dondrom_n arglas_n oldfleet_n belletree_n and_o the_o band._n a_o few_o mile_n on_o this_o side_n of_o strongford_n be_v the_o havens_n of_o dondrom_n and_o arglas_n the_o one_o not_o far_o from_o the_o other_o both_o little_a and_o not_o very_o deep_a but_o safe_a and_o a_o little_a way_n beyond_o the_o northern_a point_n of_o the_o bay_n of_o knockfergus_n be_v oldfleet-haven_n a_o harbour_n of_o the_o same_o sort_n as_o those_o two_o last_o mention_v port_n belletree_n six_o or_o seven_o mile_n to_o the_o west_n of_o fair-foreland_a the_o north-easterly_a point_n of_o ireland_n be_v as_o little_a as_o any_o of_o those_o three_o less_o defend_v of_o the_o wind_n and_o the_o ground_n sharp_a and_o foul_a some_o mile_n further_o be_v the_o haven_n of_o colrain_n call_v band-haven_n the_o which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n band_n the_o which_o here_o fall_v into_o the_o sea_n keep_v she_o own_o narrowness_n until_o the_o end_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o we_o say_v above_o of_o the_o haven_n of_o tredagh_n this_o river_n pass_v through_o lough_n neaugh_n the_o great_a lake_n of_o all_o ireland_n the_o which_o receive_v several_a river_n have_v no_o other_o outlet_a into_o the_o sea_n but_o the_o band_n carry_v a_o mighty_a deal_n of_o water_n the_o which_o be_v enclose_v in_o a_o narrow_a channel_n pour_v itself_o into_o the_o sea_n with_o great_a violence_n for_o which_o reason_n and_o because_o of_o the_o narrowness_n of_o the_o mouth_n this_o haven_n be_v very_o hard_a to_o enter_v have_v also_o but_o little_a depth_n so_o as_o vessel_n which_o draw_v eight_o foot_n of_o water_n must_v at_o least_o have_v three_o quarter_n of_o the_o flood_n before_o they_o can_v enter_v sect._n 5._o tellin-haven_n mackswins-bay_n the_o havens_n of_o balleshanon_n slego_n endrigo_n moy_n and_o niffadoy_n upon_o the_o west_n coast_n of_o ulster_n about_o half_a way_n between_o cape_n tellin_n and_o kilbeg_n be_v tellin-haven_n a_o round_a bay_n with_o good_a sand_n ground_n which_o will_v contain_v about_o thirty_o ship_n west_n and_o south-west_n wind_n blow_v direct_o into_o it_o but_o off_o all_o other_o wind_v one_o be_v there_o defend_v two_o or_o three_o mile_n eastward_n from_o kilbeg_n be_v mackswins_n bay_n where_o a_o ship_n may_v ride_v safe_a without_o cable_n and_o anchor_n but_o the_o entrance_n be_v every_o where_o beset_v with_o rock_n it_o be_v dangerous_a to_o go_v into_o it_o some_o mile_n to_o the_o south-west_n of_o dungal-haven_n be_v balleshanon_n be_v the_o mouth_n of_o that_o short_a river_n by_o which_o lough-earn_a one_o of_o the_o great_a lake_n of_o ireland_n discharge_v itself_o into_o the_o sea_n which_o river_n run_v just_a on_o the_o border_n of_o the_o two_o province_n of_o ulster_n and_o connaught_n divide_v the_o same_o this_o have_v a_o bar_n before_o it_o by_o reason_n whereof_o no_o big_a vessel_n than_o of_o thirty_o or_o forty_o tun_n can_v enter_v into_o it_o slego_n and_o endrigo_n be_v two_o little_a harbour_n situate_v near_o the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o in_o the_o north_n part_n of_o connaught_n very_o much_o encumber_a with_o rock_n and_o sand_n in_o the_o entrance_n but_o otherwise_o reasonable_o deep_a for_o a_o ship_n of_o two_o hundred_o ton_n may_v come_v and_o ride_v before_o the_o town_n of_o slego_n about_o half_a way_n between_o slego_n and_o broad-haven_n be_v moy_n be_v the_o innermost_a of_o a_o great_a bay_n divide_v from_o the_o rest_n by_o a_o little_a island_n somewhat_o long_o the_o which_o lie_v cross_a in_o that_o manner_n that_o only_o one_o channel_n remain_v whereby_o to_o go_v out_o of_o the_o great_a bay_n into_o the_o lesser_a or_o the_o haven_n which_o channel_n be_v twelve_o foot_n deep_a but_o in_o the_o haven_n itself_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o two_o little_a creek_n divide_v asunder_o by_o some_o sand_n lie_v betwixt_o they_o it_o be_v about_o fifteen_o or_o sixteen_o foot_n deep_a but_o in_o the_o little_a channel_n which_o pass_v into_o the_o inmost_a creek_n be_v near_o to_o the_o village_n moy_fw-fr there_o be_v but_o nine_o foot_n of_o water_n at_o full_a flood_n with_o a_o ordinary_a tide_n some_o mile_n to_o the_o southeast_n of_o sline-head_n a_o famous_a cape_n in_o connaught_n and_o situate_v about_o half_a way_n the_o length_n of_o that_o province_n be_v port_n niffadoy_n a_o reasonable_a good_a harbour_n but_o very_o dangerous_a to_o get_v into_o the_o sea_n there_o round_o about_o be_v full_a of_o rock_n both_o blind_a one_o and_o other_o sect._n 6._o the_o havens_n of_o trailie_n youghall_n and_o dungarvan_n item_n of_o wickloe_n arckloe_n malahide_v etc._n etc._n at_o trailie_n half_a way_n between_o smerwick_n and_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o haven_n of_o limmerick_n be_v a_o fair_a haven_n but_o none_o of_o the_o big_a about_o the_o middle_a way_n between_o cork_n and_o waterford_n be_v the_o haven_n of_o youghall_n before_o the_o which_o lie_v a_o bar_n not_o to_o be_v pass_v but_o at_o high_a water_n twelve_o mile_n eastward_n from_o youghall_n be_v dungarvan_n be_v a_o narrow_a tide-haven_n who_o mouth_n be_v full_a of_o rock_n many_o of_o which_o do_v not_o appear_v and_o so_o more_o dangerous_a and_o at_o low_a water_n it_o fall_v dry_a so_o as_o one_o must_v go_v into_o it_o at_o high_a flood_n and_o pass_v amid_o the_o rock_n as_o for_o the_o havens_n of_o arckloe_n where_o with_o high_a water_n it_o be_v but_o six_o foot_n deep_a of_o wickloe_n where_o at_o full_a flood_n you_o have_v but_o ten_o foot_n of_o water_n malahide_v a_o little_a to_o the_o north_n of_o the_o bay_n of_o dublin_n coldach-haven_n and_o red-haven_n the_o first_o betwixt_o loughsoile_n and_o loughsuillie_o and_o the_o other_o betwixt_o loughsuillie_n and_o sheeps-haven_n milk-haven_n not_o far_o from_o slego_n mablin-haven_n betwixt_o waterford_n and_o wexford_n and_o some_o other_o of_o the_o same_o nature_n they_o be_v so_o little_a that_o they_o will_v hardly_o serve_v for_o other_o than_o fisherboate_n and_o therefore_o scarce_o merit_v the_o name_n of_o havens_n sect._n 7._o road_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o ireland_n from_o waterford_n to_o fair-foreland_n beâ—ides_v this_o great_a number_n of_o havens_n in_o ireland_n there_o be_v many_o good_a road_n where_o ship_n at_o need_n may_v save_v themselves_o and_o commodious_o come_v to_o a_o anchor_n not_o only_o upon_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o main_a land_n but_o also_o in_o the_o most_o part_n of_o the_o little_a land_n which_o lie_v round_o about_o ireland_n to_o begin_v with_o those_o on_o the_o main_a from_o the_o point_n of_o waterford_n to_o carnarord_n be_v the_o space_n of_o about_o twenty_o mile_n the_o coast_n be_v full_a of_o bay_n where_o one_o may_v come_v to_o a_o anchor_n under_o carnarord_n ship_n anchor_n in_o six_o and_o nine_o fathom_n in_o st_n margaret_n bay_n three_o mile_n from_o carnarord_n it_o be_v good_a anckor_n in_o five_o and_o six_o fathom_n sand_n ground_n a_o little_a further_o be_v the_o bay_n of_o grenore_n where_o you_o may_v anchor_v as_o near_o the_o land_n as_o you_o will_v in_o six_o five_o four_o or_o three_o fathom_n some_o mile_n from_o
into_o the_o land_n the_o which_o it_o do_v for_o the_o space_n of_o fifteen_o mile_n as_o far_o as_o to_o the_o town_n of_o belfast_n where_o a_o little_a river_n call_v lagon_n not_o portable_a but_o of_o small_a boat_n fall_v into_o this_o harbour_n in_o this_o bay_n be_v a_o reasonable_a good_a road_n before_o the_o town_n of_o knockfergus_n seat_v about_o nine_o mile_n within_o the_o land_n where_o it_o be_v good_a anchor_a in_o three_o fathom_n and_o three_o and_o a_o half_a on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o the_o bay_n somewhat_o near_o the_o sea_n under_o a_o castle_n call_v mouse-hill_n be_v a_o sand-bay_n where_o it_o be_v good_a anchor_a for_o all_o sort_n of_o ship_n aswell_o great_a as_o small_a one_o for_o the_o north_n and_o northwest_n wind_n but_o bad_a ride_v for_o the_o south-west_n sect._n 4._o sheep_n haven_n lough_n suillie_n and_o lough_n foil_n the_o three_o forementioned_a havens_n of_o carlingford_n strangford_n knockfergus_n be_v all_o in_o the_o province_n of_o ulster_n on_o the_o east-side_n thereof_o the_o say_a province_n have_v also_o three_o good_a havens_n on_o its_o northern_a coast_n not_o very_o far_o distant_a the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o viz._n sheep_n haven_n lough_n suillie_n and_o lough_n foil_n every_o one_o of_o these_o be_v a_o lough_n which_o the_o very_a name_n of_o the_o second_o and_o three_o sufficient_o testify_v open_a itself_o into_o the_o sea_n of_o the_o which_o sheep_n haven_n and_o lough_n suillie_n although_o they_o be_v fair_a large_a harbour_n as_o well_o as_o lough_n foil_n and_o that_o ship_n may_v ride_v there_o defend_v off_o all_o wind_n lough_n suillie_n be_v also_o of_o sufficient_a bigness_n to_o contain_v a_o thousand_o great_a vessel_n yet_o be_v they_o very_o little_o frequent_v because_o there_o be_v not_o any_o trade_n nor_o traffic_n nor_o any_o good_a town_n place_v upon_o or_o near_o they_o lough_n foil_n be_v of_o a_o great_a bigness_n at_o least_o twelve_o mile_n long_o and_o in_o most_o place_n five_o or_o six_o mile_n broad_a be_v almost_o every_o where_o of_o a_o equal_a breadth_n except_o at_o the_o two_o end_n where_o it_o grow_v narrow_a be_v of_o a_o oval_a figure_n for_o at_o the_o mouth_n betwixt_o magilions_n point_n and_o greencastle_n it_o be_v hardly_o a_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a broad_a and_o at_o the_o other_o end_v it_o be_v much_o narrow_a yet_o run_v from_o thence_o with_o a_o long_a arm_n some_o mile_n into_o the_o country_n be_v like_a to_o a_o broad_a river_n than_o to_o a_o lough_n upon_o this_o arm_n three_o or_o four_o mile_n from_o the_o great_a lough_n be_v the_o town_n of_o london-derrie_a in_o a_o place_n where_o that_o arm_n turn_v and_o wind_v itself_o in_o that_o manner_n as_o it_o environ_v the_o town_n on_o three_o side_n it_o be_v nothing_o big_a consist_v only_o of_o two_o long_a street_n the_o which_o cut_v one_o neither_o cross-waye_n in_o the_o midst_n but_o it_o be_v very_o handsome_a the_o street_n be_v broad_a and_o well_o pave_v the_o house_n some_o story_n high_a &_o build_v for_o the_o most_o of_o freestone_n with_o a_o handsome_a church_n market_n place_n and_o key_n and_o be_v enclose_v with_o a_o thick_a and_o very_a strong_a stone_n wall_n be_v one_o of_o the_o principal_a fortress_n of_o ireland_n it_o be_v but_o few_o year_n old_a have_v be_v build_v up_o from_o the_o ground_n by_o a_o company_n of_o london_n adventurer_n under_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n james._n before_o the_o mouth_n of_o this_o lough_n lie_v a_o great_a sand_n call_v the_o toun_n upon_o which_o it_o burn_v great_o when_o the_o wind_n blow_v from_o the_o sea_n but_o so_o as_o a_o fair_a broad_a and_o deep_a channel_n remain_v betwixt_o the_o say_a sand_n and_o the_o westside_n of_o the_o land_n where_o there_o be_v at_o all_o time_n fourteen_o and_o fifteen_o fathom_n of_o water_n as_o in_o the_o mouth_n itself_o some_o eight_o or_o ten_o enter_v into_o the_o lough_n there_o be_v very_o great_a sand_n on_o the_o left_a hand_n from_o the_o one_o end_n to_o the_o other_o which_o be_v some_o mile_n broad_a from_o off_o the_o land_n and_o of_o the_o right_a hand_n be_v some_o little_a sand_n or_o shelf_n here_o lie_v close_o to_o the_o land_n betwixt_o these_o run_v a_o broad_a channel_n in_o most_o part_n three_o and_o four_o fathom_n deep_a and_o in_o that_o arm_n whereon_o londonderry_n stand_v it_o be_v deep_a yet_o in_o some_o place_n no_o less_o than_o ten_o or_o twelve_o and_o before_o the_o town_n four_o and_o five_o fathom_n so_o as_o this_o be_v one_o of_o the_o best_a and_o most_o commodious_a harbour_n of_o all_o the_o land_n sect._n 5._o kilbeg_n and_o dungall_n haven_n the_o country_n of_o tirconnell_n the_o which_o take_v up_o the_o whole_a westside_n of_o the_o province_n of_o ulster_n run_v a_o great_a way_n into_o the_o sea_n with_o its_o southern_a part_n on_o the_o south_n side_n of_o which_o foreland_n there_o be_v two_o very_a fair_a havens_n the_o one_o not_o far_o from_o the_o other_o viz._n kilbeg_n and_o dungall-haven_n kilbeg_n be_v a_o fair_a round_a bay_n where_o the_o great_a ship_n that_o go_v upon_o the_o sea_n may_v at_o all_o time_n with_o their_o full_a lade_n enter_v and_o come_v to_o a_o anchor_n be_v distant_a about_o twelve_o mile_n from_o cape_n de_fw-fr tellin_n the_o outmost_a or_o most_o western_a point_n of_o that_o forename_a foreland_n of_o tirconnell_n the_o entrance_n be_v very_o narrow_a so_o as_o unto_o they_o who_o be_v come_v to_o it_o there_o seem_v to_o be_v no_o open_n there_o until_o they_o be_v very_o near_o but_o it_o be_v very_o clean_a as_o well_o in_o the_o mouth_n as_o in_o the_o bay_n itself_o and_o nothing_o that_o can_v hurt_v the_o ship_n either_o come_n in_o or_o go_v forth_o be_v enter_v one_o may_v anchor_v where_o one_o will_v in_o five_o six_o seven_o eight_o fathom_n or_o more_o three_o or_o four_o mile_n to_o the_o south_n from_o kilbeg_n be_v a_o cape_n call_v st._n johns_n point_n and_o six_o or_o seven_o mile_n eastward_o from_o the_o say_a cape_n be_v dungal-haven_n wide_a and_o deep_a enough_o but_o in_o the_o entrance_n great_o encumber_v with_o shelf_n sand_n &_o rock_n so_o as_o great_a care_n &_o circumspection_n be_v requisite_a to_o enter_v or_o go_v forth_o safe_o these_o two_o havens_n have_v their_o name_n of_o village_n seat_v on_o they_o which_o be_v very_o small_a and_o no_o way_n considerable_a sect._n 6._o broad-haven_n akill-haven_n and_o galloway-haven_n the_o province_n of_o connaught_n extend_v herself_o betwixt_o ulster_n and_o munster_n take_v up_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o westside_n of_o ireland_n it_o have_v also_o some_o good_a port_n as_o namely_o broad-haven_n a_o other_o to_o the_o north_n of_o akill_n head_n and_o a_o three_o situate_v between_o the_o main_a and_o the_o north_n and_o east_n side_n of_o akill_n island_n in_o which_o one_o may_v ride_v in_o seven_o and_o eight_o fathom_n and_o be_v defend_v off_o all_o wind_n although_o it_o be_v rather_o a_o sound_n than_o a_o enclose_a harbour_n for_o the_o ship_n which_o be_v come_v into_o it_o need_v not_o to_o go_v forth_o the_o same_o way_n again_o but_o sail_v on_o betwixt_o the_o main_a and_o the_o island_n may_v at_o the_o south_n end_n of_o the_o i_o will_v come_v again_o to_o the_o open_a sea_n these_o havens_n be_v nothing_o famous_a be_v very_o seldom_o resort_v unto_o by_o any_o great_a ship_n except_o such_o as_o by_o tempest_n and_o foul_a weather_n or_o some_o other_o accident_n be_v necessitate_v to_o shelter_v themselves_o in_o the_o same_o but_o the_o famous_a port_n of_o this_o province_n be_v that_o of_o galloway_n be_v a_o very_a great_a bay_n some_o mile_n broad_a and_o many_o more_o long_o have_v in_o the_o mouth_n three_o ilandâ—_n name_v the_o isle_n of_o aran_n the_o which_o lie_v north_n and_o south_n by_o the_o side_n one_o of_o the_o other_o there_o remain_v three_o channel_n for_o to_o come_v out_o of_o the_o sea_n into_o this_o bay_n one_o channel_n run_v betwixt_o the_o land_n and_o the_o northern_a island_n call_v therefore_o north-sound_n the_o second_o between_o the_o the_o same_o northern_a island_n and_o the_o middlemost_a which_o channel_n be_v the_o most_o usual_a of_o the_o three_o be_v common_o style_v st_n gregory_n sound_n and_o the_o three_o between_o the_o southernmost_a island_n and_o the_o main_a name_v south_n sound_v the_o channel_n betwixt_o the_o southern_a and_o the_o middlemost_a island_n not_o be_v passable_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o sand_n and_o shelf_n wherefore_o the_o name_n of_o false-sound_n have_v be_v give_v to_o it_o the_o whole_a north-side_n of_o this_o bay_n be_v very_o foul_a with_o sand_n and_o rock_n so_o as_o one_o may_v not_o approach_v the_o shore_n in_o
so_o in_o a_o manner_n do_v meet_v the_o sure_a who_o fall_v into_o the_o other_o arm_n for_o which_o consideration_n these_o three_o river_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v call_v the_o three_o sister_n as_o giraldus_n witness_v both_o the_o our_o and_o the_o barrow_n be_v portable_a many_o mile_n into_o the_o country_n the_o our_o only_o with_o little_a boat_n and_o with_o cot_n they_o call_v in_o ireland_n cot_n thing_n like_o boat_n but_o very_o unshape_o be_v nothing_o but_o square_a piece_n of_o timber_n make_v hollow_a but_o the_o barrow_n with_o good_a big_a bo_n the_o slay_a fall_v into_o the_o haven_n of_o wexford_n be_v like_a unto_o the_o our_o for_o length_n and_o bigness_n sect._n 3_o of_o the_o liffie_a and_o the_o boine_n the_o liffie_a be_v the_o princess_n of_o the_o irish-river_n not_o for_o her_o bigness_n for_o not_o only_o the_o shanon_n but_o the_o boine_n barrow_n and_o several_a other_o do_v far_o surpass_v she_o therein_o but_o because_o dublin_n the_o chief_a city_n of_o all_o ireland_n be_v seat_v upon_o her_o bank_n a_o mile_n below_o which_o city_n at_o a_o place_n call_v rings-end_n she_o lose_v herself_o in_o a_o bay_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v call_v dublin-haven_n with_o the_o help_n of_o the_o flood_n ship_n of_o fifty_o and_o threescore_o tun_n can_v make_v a_o shift_n to_o come_v up_o to_o the_o key_n of_o dublin_n but_o when_o the_o tide_n be_v out_o and_o at_o the_o low_a the_o small_a boat_n find_v hardly_o water_n enough_o to_o go_v between_o dublin_n and_o rings-end_n because_o the_o channel_n be_v very_o broad_a there_o the_o water_n spread_v itself_o too_o much_o and_o by_o reason_n thereof_o grow_v very_o shallow_a but_o in_o the_o city_n itself_o where_o she_o be_v enclose_v betwixt_o the_o key_n on_o both_o side_n and_o from_o the_o bridge_n of_o dublin_n until_o the_o bridge_n of_o kilmanan_n and_o a_o little_a further_o be_v somewhat_o more_o than_o a_o mile_n in_o which_o space_n she_o run_v between_o she_o own_o bank_n great_a boat_n may_v go_v upon_o she_o at_o any_o time_n she_o will_v be_v navigable_a with_o boat_n some_o three_o or_o four_o mile_n further_o but_o the_o wear_v make_v in_o she_o a_o little_a way_n above_o the_o bridge_n of_o kilmanan_n do_v hinder_v that_o this_o river_n take_v her_o beginning_n in_o the_o mountain_n lie_v to_o the_o south_n of_o dublin_n not_o above_o ten_o mile_n from_o it_o but_o fetch_v such_o a_o compass_n bend_v her_o coast_n first_o to_o the_o west_n afterward_o to_o the_o north_n and_o last_o for_o seven_o or_o eight_o mile_n eastward_o that_o from_o her_o original_n to_o her_o mouth_n be_v the_o space_n of_o no_o less_o than_o forty_o or_o fifty_o mile_n the_o boine_n the_o river_n where-on_a tredagh_n be_v seat_v have_v her_o beginning_n in_o king_n county_n close_o by_o the_o original_n of_o the_o barrow_n although_o the_o place_n where_o the_o barrow_n fall_v into_o the_o haven_n of_o waterford_n be_v above_o fourscore_o mile_n distant_a from_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o boine_n this_o river_n be_v almost_o of_o a_o equal_a bigness_n in_o far_o the_o great_a part_n of_o her_o course_n and_o will_v be_v portable_a of_o good_a big_a boat_n very_o many_o mile_n into_o the_o land_n if_o that_o be_v not_o hinder_v by_o the_o wear_v sect._n 4._o of_o the_o band_n and_o blackwater_n the_o principal_a river_n in_o ulster_n of_o those_o that_o fall_v direct_o into_o the_o sea_n be_v the_o band_n the_o which_o as_o in_o her_o mouth_n she_o be_v encumber_v with_o several_a inconvenient_n as_o we_o have_v declare_v above_o in_o the_o three_o chapter_n so_o she_o be_v portable_a but_o a_o few_o mile_n from_o the_o sea_n because_o of_o a_o certain_a rock_n the_o which_o run_v across_o the_o channel_n from_o the_o one_o bank_n to_o the_o other_o stop_v all_o manner_n of_o passage_n not_o only_o of_o big_a vessel_n and_o bark_n but_o of_o the_o small_a boat_n which_o dare_v not_o come_v near_o the_o same_o rock_n because_o it_o be_v somewhat_o high_a and_o the_o water_n from_o it_o fall_v downward_o with_o great_a violence_n it_o go_v for_o some_o space_n with_o a_o mighty_a current_n this_o rock_n or_o cataract_n call_v vulgar_o the_o salmon-leap_a for_o a_o reason_n hereafter_o to_o be_v declare_v and_o the_o fall_v because_o of_o the_o fall_n down_o of_o the_o water_n be_v not_o above_o four_o mile_n from_o the_o sea_n hinder_v all_o manner_n of_o communication_n between_o the_o same_o and_o lough_n neaugh_n from_o the_o which_o this_o cataract_n be_v distant_a about_o three_o mile_n whereas_o otherwise_o if_o the_o passage_n of_o this_o river_n from_o the_o sea_n to_o the_o lough_n be_v open_a ship_n may_v by_o that_o mean_n go_v a_o great_a way_n into_o the_o land_n not_o only_o the_o whole_a length_n and_o breadth_n of_o lough_n neaugh_n which_o every_o where_o be_v very_o deep_a and_o navigable_a even_o for_o great_a ship_n but_o even_o a_o good_a many_o mile_n far_o with_o good_a big_a boat_n by_o mean_n of_o some_o river_n that_o fall_v into_o it_o especial_o the_o blackwater_n which_o be_v the_o princpal_a of_o they_o all_o for_o the_o band_n although_o she_o give_v the_o name_n to_o the_o river_n go_v out_o of_o the_o lough_n be_v not_o comparable_a to_o the_o blackwater_n for_o breadth_n nor_o depth_n be_v rather_o a_o brook_n than_o a_o river_n the_o which_o be_v very_o shallow_a at_o other_o time_n do_v rise_v so_o excessive_o upon_o the_o fall_n of_o much_o rain_n that_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o dangerous_a and_o terrible_a brook_n of_o all_o ireland_n in_o the_o which_o therefore_o from_o time_n to_o time_n many_o man_n and_o horse_n have_v be_v drown_v at_o the_o pass_n of_o it_o sect._n 5._o of_o the_o lagon_n and_o nury-water_n tide-river_n beside_o the_o band_n and_o the_o blackwater_n there_o be_v scarce_o any_o other_o river_n in_o ulster_n but_o that_o which_o pass_v by_o strebane_a and_o london-derrie_a discharge_v itself_o into_o loughfoile_n for_o the_o lagon_n heretofore_o mention_v by_o we_o which_o by_o belfast_n fall_v into_o the_o sea_n the_o nury-water_n whereof_o we_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o description_n of_o carlingford-haven_n and_o some_o other_o of_o that_o nature_n be_v proper_o brook_v and_o not_o portable_a by_o reason_n of_o their_o own_o water_n but_o of_o that_o which_o out_o of_o the_o sea_n flow_v into_o they_o as_o appear_z clear_o when_o the_o tide_n be_v out_o for_o than_o they_o be_v as_o small_a and_o as_o little_a portable_a in_o those_o place_n where_o the_o boat_n and_o big_a vessel_n do_v pass_v at_o high_a water_n as_o be_v they_o at_o all_o time_n in_o those_o place_n unto_o which_o the_o tide_n do_v never_o reach_v which_o kind_n of_o tide-river_n or_o brook_n which_o only_o by_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o tide_n be_v make_v navigable_a for_o a_o little_a way_n be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o all_o the_o province_n of_o ireland_n sect._n 6._o of_o the_o cataract_n in_o the_o irish_a river_n beside_o that_o the_o navigable_a river_n be_v but_o rare_a in_o ireland_n and_o that_o the_o most_o part_n of_o they_o be_v only_o portable_a of_o very_o small_a vessel_n and_o boat_n not_o of_o any_o big_a ship_n or_o bark_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o former_a relation_n there_o be_v very_o few_o river_n who_o have_v not_o some_o impediment_n or_o other_o in_o they_o whereby_o it_o come_v that_o they_o be_v not_o portable_a so_o far_o as_o otherwise_o they_o will_v be_v these_o impediment_n be_v chief_o three_o in_o number_n cataract_n wear_v and_o foard_n whereof_o the_o last_o two_o do_v only_o concern_v the_o lesser_a river_n the_o first_o to_o wit_v the_o cataract_n be_v incident_a to_o the_o great_a river_n as_o well_o as_o to_o other_o as_o may_v appear_v by_o what_o we_o have_v say_v concern_v they_o in_o the_o description_n of_o the_o shanon_n and_o the_o band_n whereby_o also_o full_o may_v be_v conceive_v the_o manner_n and_o nature_n of_o the_o say_a cataract_n so_o as_o it_o be_v needless_a here_o again_o to_o delineate_v they_o such_o a_o cataract_n or_o fall_v there_o be_v find_v in_o the_o liffie_a seven_o mile_n from_o dublin_n and_o about_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o mile_n above_o the_o village_n and_o castle_n of_o leslip_n the_o description_n of_o which_o as_o hold_v it_o not_o improper_a for_o this_o place_n we_o shall_v here_o set_v down_o as_o it_o come_v to_o our_o hand_n from_o those_o who_o have_v observe_v it_o very_o exact_o the_o say_a river_n run_v there_o about_o along_o a_o narrow_a and_o deep_a valley_n be_v hem_v in_o at_o both_o side_n with_o high_a hill_n of_o a_o long_a continuance_n have_v a_o very_a rocky_a channel_n and_o beside_o that_o the_o bottom_n be_v overspread_v in_o several_a part_n with_o
kilacollie_a alias_o bailieborrough_n in_o the_o county_n of_o cavan_n which_o being_n ten_o mile_n long_o be_v almost_o nothing_o else_o but_o a_o continuance_n of_o hill_n of_o no_o great_a bigness_n all_o very_a fruitful_a land_n both_o pasture_n and_o arable_a in_o the_o county_n of_o westmeath_n from_o lough-crew_n to_o lough-sillon_a and_o beyond_o it_o as_o far_o as_o ballaneach_v where_o mr_n william_n fleve_v have_v build_v a_o fair_a house_n and_o farm_n ten_o year_n before_o the_o late_a detestable_a massacre_n and_o bloody_a rebellion_n of_o the_o irish._n these_o hill_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n low_a and_o small_a yet_o some_o of_o a_o good_a height_n and_o bigness_n the_o ground_n lean_a in_o many_o place_n very_o stony_a in_o some_o rocky_a not_o of_o any_o one_o continual_a rock_n but-by_a peecemeal_n here_o and_o there_o rise_v and_o appear_v yet_o be_v these_o hill_n in_o several_a place_n wet_a and_o moorish_a aswell_o in_o the_o rocky_a as_o other_o part_n these_o hill_n serve_v only_o for_o pasture_n of_o sheep_n in_o the_o major_a part_n of_o the_o mountainous_a country_n of_o wickloe_n the_o which_o beginning_n five_o mile_n to_o the_o south_n of_o dublin_n do_v extend_v itself_o above_o fifty_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o in_o several_a other_o part_n it_o have_v be_v observe_v in_o many_o part_n of_o ireland_n but_o chief_o in_o the_o county_n of_o meath_z and_o further_a northward_o that_o upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o great_a hill_n and_o mountain_n not_o only_o at_o the_o side_n and_o foot_n of_o they_o to_o this_o day_n the_o ground_n be_v uneven_a as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v plough_v in_o former_a time_n the_o inhabitant_n do_v affirm_v that_o their_o forefather_n be_v much_o give_v to_o tillage_n contrary_a to_o what_o they_o be_v now_o use_v to_o turn_v all_o to_o plow-land_n other_o say_v that_o it_o be_v do_v for_o want_v of_o arable_a because_o the_o champain_n be_v most_o every_a where_o beset_v and_o over_o spread_v with_o wood_n which_o by_o degree_n be_v destroy_v by_o the_o war_n they_o say_v further_o that_o in_o those_o time_n in_o place_n where_o nothing_o now_o be_v to_o be_v see_v but_o great_a log_n of_o a_o vast_a extent_n there_o be_v thick_a wood_n which_o they_o collect_v from_o hence_o that_o now_o &_o then_o tree_n be_v dig_v out_o there_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n some_o yard_n long_o and_o some_o of_o a_o very_a great_a bigness_n and_o length_n sect._n 4._o of_o the_o high_a sort_n of_o mountain_n in_o ireland_n as_o for_o those_o other_o mountain_n the_o which_o with_o a_o excessive_a height_n rise_v up_o towards_o the_o sky_n they_o be_v not_o very_o common_a in_o ireland_n and_o yet_o some_o there_o be_v which_o although_o not_o comparable_a with_o the_o pyrenaei_n lie_v between_o france_n and_o spain_n with_o the_o alps_n which_o divide_v italy_n from_o france_n and_o germany_n or_o with_o other_o mountain_n of_o the_o like_a vast_a height_n nevertheless_o may_v just_o be_v count_v among_o the_o lofty_a mountain_n of_o this_o number_n be_v the_o mountain_n of_o carlingford_n betwixt_o dundalke_n and_o carlingford_n the_o which_o in_o a_o clear_a day_n may_v easy_o be_v see_v from_o the_o mountain_n to_o the_o south_n of_o dublin_n the_o which_o be_v more_o than_o forty_o mile_n distant_a from_o they_o the_o mountain_n about_o lough_n suillie_n in_o the_o north-part_n of_o ulster_n the_o which_o may_v be_v see_v many_o mile_n off_o in_o the_o sea_n the_o curlews_n that_o sever_v the_o county_n of_o slego_n and_o roscoman_n in_o connaught_n the_o twelve_o mountain_n in_o the_o north-quarter_n of_o the_o county_n of_o tipperary_n in_o munster_n the_o which_o far_o exceed_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o mountain_n there_o be_v know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o twelve_o hill_n of_o phelimâ—ghe_a madonna_n knock-patrick_n in_o the_o west_n part_n of_o the_o county_n of_o limmerick_n not_o far_o from_o the_o bay_n of_o limmerick_n which_o mountain_n can_v be_v seâ—n_v by_o the_o ship_n which_o be_v a_o huge-way_n from_o the_o land_n yet_o the_o mountain_n of_o brandon_n hill_n in_o the_o county_n of_o kerry_n to_o the_o east_n of_o the_o haven_n of_o smerwick_n the_o which_o be_v discover_v by_o the_o seafaring_a man_n when_o they_o be_v above_o fifty_o mile_n from_o the_o land_n in_o the_o northwest_n quarter_n of_o the_o county_n of_o waterford_n call_v slew-boine_a that_o in_o the_o mountainous_a country_n of_o wickloe_n which_o for_o its_o fashion_n sake_n be_v common_o call_v the_o sugarloaf_n and_o may_v be_v see_v very_o many_o mile_n off_o not_o only_o by_o those_o that_o be_v upon_o the_o sea_n but_o even_o into_o the_o land_n sect._n 5._o nature_n of_o the_o ground_n in_o ireland_n and_o of_o the_o fruitful_a ground_n next_o to_o the_o foregoing_a division_n of_o ireland_n take_v from_o the_o fashion_n and_o outward_a form_n of_o the_o land_n come_v to_o be_v consider_v that_o which_o consist_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o soil_n or_o ground_n some_o part_n of_o the_o country_n be_v fruitful_a and_o other_o barren_a the_o fertile_a soil_n be_v in_o some_o place_n a_o blackish_a earth_n in_o other_o clay_n and_o in_o many_o part_n mix_v of_o both_o together_o as_o likewise_o there_o be_v sundry_a place_n where_o the_o ground_n be_v mix_v of_o earth_n and_o sand_n sand_n and_o clay_n gravel_n and_o clay_n or_o earth_n but_o the_o chalke-ground_n and_o red_a earth_n which_o both_o be_v very_o plentiful_a and_o common_a in_o many_o part_n of_o england_n be_v no_o where_o to_o be_v find_v in_o ireland_n these_o ground_n differ_v among_o themselves_o in_o goodness_n and_o fatness_n not_o only_o according_a to_o the_o different_a nature_n of_o the_o soil_n whereof_o they_o consist_v but_o also_o according_a to_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o mould_n or_o uppermost_a good_a crust_n &_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o ground_n which_o lie_v next_o to_o it_o underneath_o for_o the_o best_a and_o rich_a soil_n if_o but_o half_a a_o foot_n or_o a_o foot_n deep_a and_o if_o lie_v upon_o a_o stiffie_a clay_n or_o hard_a stone_n be_v not_o so_o fertile_a as_o a_o lean_a soil_n of_o great_a depth_n and_o lie_v upon_o sand_n or_o gravel_n through_o which_o the_o superfluous_a moisture_n may_v descend_v and_o not_o stand_v still_o as_o upon_o the_o clay_n or_o stone_n make_v cold_a the_o root_n of_o the_o grass_n of_o corn_n and_o so_o hurt_v the_o whole_a there_o be_v indeed_o some_o country_n in_o ireland_n where_o the_o ground_n underneath_o be_v nothing_o but_o stone_n and_o the_o good_a mould_n upon_o it_o but_o very_o thin_a it_o be_v nevertheless_o very_o fruitful_a in_o corn_n and_o bring_v sweet_a grass_n in_o great_a plenty_n so_o as_o sheep_n &_o other_o cattle_n do_v wonderful_a well_o thrive_v there_o which_o kind_n of_o land_n be_v very_o common_a in_o the_o county_n of_o galloway_n and_o in_o some_o other_o county_n of_o connaught_n as_o also_o in_o sundry_a part_n of_o the_o other_o province_n but_o the_o reason_n thereof_o be_v in_o those_o part_n because_o the_o stone_n whereon_o the_o mould_n do_v lie_v so_o thin_o be_v not_o freestone_n or_o any_o such_o cold_a material_a but_o limestone_n which_o do_v so_o warm_a the_o ground_n and_o give_v it_o so_o much_o strength_n that_o what_o it_o want_v in_o depth_n be_v thereby_o large_o recompense_v sect._n 6._o cause_n hinder_v the_o fruitfulness_n of_o the_o ground_n where_o the_o soil_n otherwise_o be_v not_o bad_a except_o in_o the_o case_n now_o by_o we_o declare_v neither_o corn_n nor_o grass_n will_v grow_v kind_o where_o the_o ground_n though_o otherwise_o good_a be_v not_o deep_a enough_o as_o also_o where_o it_o have_v a_o bad_a crust_n underneath_o from_o whence_o it_o come_v that_o in_o many_o place_n where_o the_o grass_n do_v grow_v very_o thick_a and_o high_a the_o same_o nevertheless_o be_v so_o unfit_a for_o the_o food_n of_o beast_n that_o cow_n and_o sheep_n will_v hardly_o touch_v it_o especial_o if_o they_o have_v be_v keep_v in_o better_a pasture_n first_o except_o that_o by_o extreme_a famine_n they_o be_v compel_v thereto_o and_o that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o coarsness_n and_o sourness_n of_o the_o grass_n cause_v by_o the_o stand_n still_o of_o the_o water_n the_o which_o through_o the_o unfitness_n of_o the_o nether_a crust_n find_v not_o a_o free_a passage_n downward_o make_v cold_a the_o good_a mould_n and_o the_o crop_n and_o grass_n degenerate_a from_o its_o natural_a goodness_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n the_o land_n in_o many_o part_n where_o otherwise_o the_o soil_n in_o itself_o will_v be_v fit_a enough_o to_o produce_v good_a wheat_n or_o barley_n will_v hardly_o bear_v any_o thing_n else_o but_o oat_n or_o rye_n and_o that_o none_o of_o the_o best_a as_o in_o other_o part_n the_o fault_n be_v in_o the_o soil_n itself_o
the_o same_o again_o by_o any_o mean_n whatsoever_o chap._n xiii_o of_o the_o heath_n and_o moor_n or_o bog_n in_o ireland_n sect._n 1_o of_o the_o moory_n or_o boggy-heath_n have_v speak_v of_o the_o fruitful_a land_n of_o ireland_n it_o follow_v that_o we_o treat_v of_o those_o which_o be_v neither_o fit_n for_o the_o bring_n of_o corn_n or_o feed_v of_o cattle_n some_o be_v such_o for_o want_v of_o good_a soil_n and_o other_o through_o superfluous_a moisture_n of_o the_o first_o sort_n be_v those_o place_n where_o the_o ground_n consist_v of_o mere_a rock_n sand_n or_o earth_n natural_o unfruitful_a have_v no_o good_a mould_n at_o the_o top_n sufficient_a for_o corn_n or_o grass_n to_o root_n and_o to_o draw_v convenient_a nourishment_n out_o of_o it_o the_o ground_n be_v bare_a or_o overgrow_v only_o with_o moss_n heath_n furze_n brake_n thorn_n rush_n and_o the_o like_a the_o place_n who_o ground_n be_v bare_a be_v nothing_o frequent_a nor_o of_o any_o great_a bigness_n in_o ireland_n and_o rather_o on_o the_o seaside_n than_o within_o the_o land_n but_o the_o other_o be_v very_o common_a throughout_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n not_o only_o in_o the_o mountain_n many_o whereof_o do_v for_o the_o most_o part_n consist_v of_o nothing_o else_o but_o also_o in_o the_o hilly-quarter_n the_o plain-country_n and_o in_o many_o place_n of_o great_a extent_n take_v up_o some_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o breadth_n most_o of_o these_o waste_v in_o the_o plain-country_n and_o valley_n as_o also_o some_o on_o the_o mountain_n and_o hill_n be_v moory_n and_o boggy_a fit_a for_o to_o dig_v turf_n out_o to_o the_o great_a commodity_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n in_o place_n where_o other_o fuel_n be_v want_v so_o that_o these_o part_n of_o land_n although_o barren_a and_o produce_v no_o kind_n of_o thing_n for_o the_o food_n of_o man_n or_o beast_n may_v not_o be_v reckon_v in_o the_o number_n of_o those_o which_o be_v altogether_o unprofitable_a be_v of_o good_a use_n in_o the_o part_n far_o distant_a from_o the_o sea_n where_o they_o can_v have_v no_o sea-coal_n and_o where_o wood_n be_v want_v nor_o well_o live_v some_o of_o these_o dry_a or_o red_a bog_n as_o common_o they_o be_v call_v the_o first_o in_o comparison_n of_o those_o whereof_o present_o shall_v be_v speak_v the_o other_o because_o the_o earth_n in_o they_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v red_a and_o overgrow_v with_o mosâ—_n of_o the_o same_o colour_n be_v in_o some_o part_n of_o a_o vast_a extent_n instance_n that_o by_o the_o shanon-side_n begin_v hard_o by_o atlone_a and_o follow_v the_o course_n of_o the_o river_n down_o towards_o limmerick_n which_o be_v two_o or_o three_o mile_n broad_a in_o most_o part_n be_v say_v to_o be_v upward_o of_o fifty_o mile_n in_o length_n sect._n 2._o of_o the_o dry_a heath_n there_o be_v some_o dry_a heath_n in_o ireland_n for_o the_o most_o part_n on_o the_o mountain_n and_o very_o few_o in_o the_o plain_a country_n to_o the_o contrary_a of_o england_n where_o as_o well_o as_o in_o netherlands_n germany_n and_o other_o country_n those_o heath_n on_o plain_a ground_n be_v very_o common_a in_o sundry_a part_n of_o the_o land_n and_o many_o of_o they_o of_o a_o great_a extent_n have_v very_o many_o mile_n in_o compass_n and_o where_o any_o such_o dry_a heath_n be_v in_o ireland_n the_o land_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v not_o altogether_o barren_a but_o grassy_a between_o and_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o heath_n so_o as_o the_o heath_n be_v burn_v a_o thing_n much_o use_v in_o ireland_n both_o by_o the_o english_a and_o irish_a the_o land_n bring_v reasonable_a good_a and_o sweet_a grass_n fit_a for_o sheep_n to_o feed_v on_o and_o with_o a_o little_a extraordinary_a labour_n and_o cost_v bring_v to_o bear_v corn_n other_o of_o these_o heath_n be_v grassy_a have_v the_o grass_n grow_v not_o all_o over_o among_o the_o heath_n but_o in_o space_n by_o itself_o as_o upon_o the_o heath_n between_o the_o town_n of_o kildare_n and_o the_o liffie_a which_o be_v famous_a over_o all_o ireland_n by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o currogh_n of_o kildare_n be_v a_o hilly_a ground_n at_o its_o high_a near_o the_o say_a town_n from_o thence_o towards_o the_o liffie_a descend_v by_o degree_n about_o three_o mile_n long_o and_o two_o or_o three_o broad_a divide_v into_o row_n of_o heath_n and_o grass_n which_o be_v of_o no_o great_a breadth_n and_o many_o in_o number_n do_v lie_v by_o the_o â—ide_v one_o of_o another_o throughout_o the_o whole_a earth_n each_o of_o those_o row_n extend_v it_o self_n in_o length_n from_o the_o one_o end_n of_o the_o currogh_n to_o the_o other_o the_o row_n of_o heath_n be_v about_o a_o stone_n cast_v over_o in_o some_o place_n in_o some_o more_o in_o other_o less_o but_o those_o of_o grass_n a_o good_a deal_n narrow_a than_o the_o other_o be_v always_o alike_o green_a and_o dry_a in_o the_o winter_n as_o well_o as_o the_o summer_n and_o clothe_v with_o short_a grass_n but_o very_o sweet_a and_o good_a very_o convenient_a for_o sheep_n to_o feed_v on_o of_o the_o which_o always_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n a_o very_a great_a number_n be_v graze_v here_o the_o whole_a currogh_n be_v a_o commons_o sect._n 3_o of_o the_o wet_a bog_n the_o place_n barren_a through_o superfluous_a moisture_n be_v bog_n call_v by_o the_o irish_a moon_n whereof_o ireland_n be_v full_a there_o be_v three_o or_o four_o different_a sort_n of_o they_o grassy_a watery_a muddy_a and_o hassocky_a as_o appear_v more_o large_o by_o the_o follow_a description_n but_o the_o english_a irish_a have_v give_v the_o name_n of_o bogs_n not_o only_o to_o the_o wet_a of_o which_o we_o be_v now_o to_o treat_v but_o aswell_o to_o the_o turf_n moor_n of_o all_o sort_n not_o except_v the_o red_a bog_n which_o in_o most_o place_n be_v firm_a enough_o to_o bear_v a_o man_n or_o unshod_a nag_n go_v over_o it_o but_o be_v not_o for_o any_o great_a weight_n but_o we_o shall_v in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n speak_v in_o order_n of_o the_o four_o sort_n of_o wet_a bgg_n which_o above_o we_o have_v mention_v and_o afterward_o in_o its_o due_a place_n treat_v of_o the_o turf_n and_o red_a moor_n as_o occasion_n shall_v require_v sect._n 4._o of_o the_o grassy_a bog_n the_o grassy_a bog_n be_v all_o over_o cover_v with_o grass_n look_v fair_a and_o pleasant_a as_o if_o they_o be_v dry_a ground_n and_o goodly_a meadow_n whereby_o many_o who_o not_o know_v the_o nature_n of_o those_o place_n and_o because_o of_o the_o greeness_n suspect_v no_o evil_a go_v into_o they_o to_o their_o great_a trouble_n and_o many_o time_n to_o the_o extreme_a danger_n of_o their_o life_n for_o the_o earth_n be_v very_o spungy_a can_v bear_v no_o weight_n but_o as_o well_o man_n as_o beast_n assoon_o as_o they_o set_v foot_n on_o it_o do_v sink_v to_o the_o ground_n some_o knee_n deep_a other_o to_o the_o waist_n and_o many_o over_o head_n and_o ear_n for_o all_o or_o most_o bog_n in_o ireland_n have_v underneath_o a_o hard_a and_o firm_a gravel_n be_v not_o of_o a_o equal_a depth_n which_o in_o some_o be_v only_o of_o two_o or_o three_o foot_n in_o other_o five_o six_o or_o more_o in_o somuch_o that_o those_o who_o fall_v into_o the_o deep_a place_n of_o these_o bog_n can_v hardly_o escape_v but_o for_o the_o most_o part_n do_v perish_v be_v pitiful_o smother_v some_o of_o these_o bog_n do_v so_o dry_v up_o in_o the_o summer_n that_o they_o may_v be_v pass_v without_o danger_n the_o which_o in_o particular_a fall_v out_o in_o the_o great_a mountain_n in_o munster_n in_o the_o county_n of_o kerry_n call_v slew-logh_a upon_o which_o all_o kind_n of_o cattle_n do_v graze_v the_o summer_n long_o be_v every_o where_o full_a of_o good_a and_o sweet_a grass_n knee_n deep_a in_o most_o place_n whereof_o not_o the_o ten_o part_n be_v eat_v for_o if_o all_o the_o cattle_n of_o that_o province_n be_v drive_v thither_o and_o leave_v all_o the_o summer_n upon_o the_o place_n it_o will_v hardly_o be_v consume_v the_o rest_n be_v spoil_v when_o the_o wet_a weather_n come_v in_o and_o stay_v the_o rain-water_n from_o descend_v through_o which_o the_o ground_n rot_v in_o that_o manner_n that_o all_o winter_n long_v it_o be_v unpassable_a for_o man_n and_o beast_n but_o the_o deep_a bog_n be_v unpassable_a in_o the_o summer_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o winter_n yet_o most_o of_o they_o have_v firm_a place_n in_o narrow_a path_n &_o in_o some_o large_a parcel_n by_o the_o mean_n whereof_o those_o unto_o who_o they_o be_v know_v can_v cross_v they_o from_o one_o side_n to_o another_o where_o other_o who_o be_v not_o use_v to_o they_o do_v not_o know_v in_o what_o part_n to_o set_v one_o step_n in_o which_o
our_o saviour_n a_o eleven_o hundred_o seventy_o and_o one_o but_o the_o english_a have_v settle_v themselves_o in_o the_o land_n do_v by_o degree_n great_o diminish_v the_o wood_n in_o all_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v master_n partly_o to_o deprive_v the_o thief_n and_o rogue_n who_o use_v to_o lurk_v in_o the_o wood_n in_o great_a number_n of_o their_o refuge_n and_o startinghole_n and_o partly_o to_o gain_v the_o great_a scope_n of_o profitable_a land_n for_o the_o tree_n be_v cut_v down_o the_o root_n stub_a up_o and_o the_o land_n use_v and_o till_v according_a to_o exigency_n the_o wood_n in_o most_o part_n of_o ireland_n may_v be_v reduce_v not_o only_o to_o very_o good_a pasture_n but_o also_o to_o excellent_a arable_a and_o meadow_n through_o these_o two_o cause_n it_o be_v come_v to_o pass_v in_o the_o space_n of_o many_o year_n yea_o of_o some_o age_n that_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o wood_n which_o the_o english_a find_v in_o ireland_n at_o their_o first_o arrival_n there_o be_v quite_o destroy_v so_o as_o nothing_o at_o all_o remain_v of_o they_o at_o this_o time_n sect._n 3_o diminish_v of_o the_o wood_n during_o the_o last_o peace_n and_o even_o since_o the_o subdue_a of_o the_o last_o great_a rebellion_n of_o the_o irish_a before_o this_o under_o the_o conduct_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o tirone_n overthrow_v in_o the_o last_o year_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n by_o her_o viceroy_n sir_n charles_n blunt_n lord_n mountjoy_n and_o afterward_o earl_n of_o devonshire_n and_o during_o this_o last_o peace_n of_o about_o forty_o year_n the_o long_a that_o ireland_n ever_o enjoy_v both_o before_o and_o since_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o english_a the_o remain_a wood_n have_v very_o much_o be_v diminish_v and_o in_o sundry_a place_n quite_o destroy_v partly_o for_o the_o reason_n last_o mention_v and_o partly_o for_o the_o wood_n and_o timber_n itself_o not_o for_o the_o ordinary_a use_n of_o building_n and_o fire_v the_o which_o ever_o have_v be_v afoot_o be_v not_o very_o considerable_a in_o regard_n of_o what_o now_o we_o speak_v of_o but_o to_o make_v merchandise_n of_o and_o for_o the_o make_n of_o charcoal_n for_o the_o ironwork_n as_o for_o the_o first_o i_o have_v not_o hear_v that_o great_a timber_n have_v ever_o be_v use_v to_o be_v send_v out_o of_o ireland_n in_o any_o great_a quantity_n nor_o in_o any_o ordinary_a way_n of_o traffic_n but_o only_a pipe-stave_n and_o the_o like_a of_o which_o good_a store_n have_v be_v use_v to_o be_v make_v and_o send_v out_o of_o the_o land_n even_o in_o former_a time_n but_o never_o in_o that_o vast_a quantity_n nor_o so_o constant_o as_o of_o late_a year_n and_o during_o the_o last_o peace_n wherein_o it_o be_v grow_v one_o of_o the_o ordinary_a merchandable_a commodity_n of_o the_o country_n so_o as_o a_o mighty_a trade_n be_v drive_v in_o they_o and_o whole_a ship-loads_a send_v into_o foreign_a country_n yearly_a which_o as_o it_o bring_v great_a profit_n to_o the_o proprietary_n so_o the_o fell_n of_o so_o many_o thousand_o of_o tree_n every_o year_n as_o be_v employ_v that_o way_n do_v make_v a_o great_a destruction_n of_o the_o wood_n in_o tract_n of_o time_n as_o for_o the_o charcoal_n it_o be_v incredible_a what_o quantity_n thereof_o be_v consume_v by_o one_o ironwork_n in_o a_o year_n and_o whereas_o there_o be_v never_o a_o ironwork_n in_o ireland_n before_o there_o have_v be_v a_o very_a great_a number_n of_o they_o erect_v since_o the_o last_o peace_n in_o sundry_a part_n of_o every_o province_n the_o which_o to_o furnish_v constant_o with_o charcoal_n it_o be_v necessary_a from_o time_n to_o time_n to_o fell_v a_o infinite_a number_n of_o tree_n all_o the_o loping_n and_o windfall_n be_v not_o sufficient_a for_o it_o in_o the_o least_o manner_n sect._n 4._o great_a part_n of_o ireland_n very_o bare_a of_o wood_n at_o this_o time_n through_o the_o aforesaid_a cause_n ireland_n have_v be_v make_v so_o bare_a of_o wood_n in_o many_o part_n that_o the_o inhabitant_n do_v not_o only_o want_v wood_n for_o fire_v be_v therefore_o constrain_v to_o make_v shift_n with_o turf_n or_o sea-coal_n where_o they_o be_v not_o too_o far_o from_o the_o sea_n but_o even_o timber_n for_o building_n so_o as_o they_o be_v necessitate_v to_o fetch_v it_o a_o good_a way_n off_o to_o their_o great_a charge_n especial_o in_o place_n where_o it_o must_v be_v bring_v by_o land_n and_o in_o some_o part_n you_o many_o travel_n whole_a day_n long_o without_o see_v any_o wood_n or_o tree_n except_o a_o few_o about_o gentleman_n house_n as_o namely_o from_o dublin_n and_o from_o place_n that_o be_v some_o mile_n further_o to_o the_o south_n of_o it_o to_z tredagh_o dundalk_v the_o nurie_n and_o as_o far_o as_o dremore_n in_o which_o whole_a extent_n of_o land_n be_v above_o threescore_o mile_n one_o do_v not_o come_v near_o any_o wood_n worth_a the_o speak_n of_o and_o in_o some_o part_n thereof_o you_o shall_v not_o see_v so_o much_o as_o one_o tree_n in_o many_o mile_n for_o the_o great_a wood_n which_o the_o map_n do_v represent_v unto_o we_o upon_o the_o mountain_n between_o dundalk_n and_o the_o nury_n be_v quite_o vanish_v there_o be_v nothing_o leave_v of_o they_o these_o many_o year_n since_o but_o one_o only_a tree_n stand_v close_o by_o the_o highway_n at_o the_o very_a top_n of_o one_o of_o the_o mountain_n so_o as_o it_o may_v be_v see_v a_o great_a way_n off_o and_o therefore_o serve_v traveller_n for_o a_o mark_n section_n 5._o many_o great_a wood_n still_o leave_v in_o ireland_n yet_o notwithstanding_o the_o great_a destruction_n of_o the_o wood_n in_o ireland_n occasion_v by_o the_o aforesaid_a cause_n there_o be_v still_o sundry_a great_a wood_n remain_v and_o that_o not_o only_o in_o the_o other_o province_n but_o even_o in_o leinster_n itself_o for_o the_o county_n of_o wickloe_n kings-county_n and_o queens-county_n all_o three_o in_o that_o province_n be_v throughout_o full_a of_o wood_n some_o whereof_o be_v many_o mile_n long_o and_o broad_a and_o part_n of_o the_o county_n of_o wexford_n and_o carloe_n be_v likewise_o great_o furnish_v with_o they_o in_o ulster_n there_o be_v great_a forest_n in_o the_o county_n of_o donegall_a and_o in_o the_o north-part_n of_o tirone_n in_o the_o country_n call_v glankankin_n also_o in_o the_o county_n of_o fermanagh_n along_o lough-earne_a in_o the_o county_n of_o antrim_n and_o in_o the_o north-part_n of_o the_o county_n of_o down_o in_o the_o two_o country_n call_v killulta_fw-la and_o kilwarlin_n beside_o several_a other_o lesser_a wood_n in_o sundry_a part_n of_o that_o province_n but_o the_o county_n of_o louth_n and_o far_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o county_n of_o down_o armagh_n monaghan_n and_o cavan_n all_o in_o the_o same_o province_n of_o ulster_n be_v almost_o every_o where_o bare_a not_o only_o of_o wood_n but_o of_o all_o sort_n of_o tree_n even_o in_o place_n which_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o present_a age_n in_o the_o war_n with_o tirone_n be_v encumber_a with_o great_a and_o thick_a forest_n in_o munster_n where_o the_o english_a especial_o the_o earl_n of_o cork_n have_v make_v great_a havoc_n of_o the_o wood_n during_o the_o last_o peace_n there_o be_v still_o sundry_a great_a forest_n remain_v in_o the_o county_n of_o kerry_n and_o of_o tipperary_n and_o even_o in_o the_o county_n of_o cork_n where_o the_o great_a destruction_n thereof_o have_v be_v make_v some_o great_a wood_n be_v yet_o remain_v there_o be_v also_o store_n of_o scatter_a wood_n both_o in_o that_o county_n and_o all_o the_o province_n over_o connaught_n be_v well_o store_v with_o tree_n in_o most_o part_n but_o have_v very_o few_o forest_n or_o great_a wood_n except_o in_o the_o county_n of_o maio_n and_o sligo_n chap._n xvi_o of_o the_o mine_n in_o ireland_n and_o in_o particular_a of_o the_o iron-mine_n sect._n 1_o all_o the_o mine_n in_o ireland_n discover_v by_o the_o new-english_a the_o old-english_a in_o ireland_n that_o be_v those_o who_o be_v come_v in_o from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o first_o conquest_n until_o the_o beginning_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n reign_n have_v be_v so_o plague_v with_o war_n from_o time_n to_o time_n one_o while_o intestine_a among_o themselves_o and_o another_o while_n with_o the_o irish_a that_o they_o can_v scarce_o ever_o find_v the_o opportunity_n of_o seek_v for_o mine_n and_o search_v out_o the_o metal_n hide_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o irish_a themselves_o as_o be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o barbarous_a nation_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n have_v at_o all_o time_n be_v so_o far_o from_o seek_v out_o any_o that_o even_o in_o these_o last_o year_n and_o since_o the_o english_a have_v begin_v to_o discover_v some_o none_o of_o they_o all_o great_a nor_o small_a
whereby_o the_o melt_a of_o the_o iron_n be_v great_o further_v and_o the_o furnace_n make_v to_o work_v more_o mild_o within_o the_o barn_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o furnace_n stand_v constant_o two_o man_n one_o of_o each_o side_n the_o which_o with_o long_a iron_n hook_n through_o hole_n leave_v for_o the_o purpose_n do_v every_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n draw_v out_o the_o unburnt_a coal_n ash_n and_o cinder_n which_o cinder_n be_v great_a lump_n of_o a_o firm_a substance_n but_o brittle_a of_o a_o blackish_a colour_n shine_v but_o not_o transparent_a be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o remainder_n of_o the_o iron-oar_n after_o that_o the_o iron_n which_o be_v contain_v in_o it_o be_v melt_v out_o on_o it_o the_o iron_n itself_o descend_v to_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o furnace_n call_v the_o hearth_n the_o which_o be_v fill_v so_o that_o if_o one_o stay_v long_a the_o iron_n will_v begin_v to_o swim_v over_o through_o the_o aforesaid_a hole_n they_o unstop_v the_o hearth_n and_o open_v the_o mouth_n thereof_o or_o the_o timpas_n the_o arts-man_n call_v it_o take_v away_o a_o little_a door_n of_o fashion_n like_o unto_o that_o of_o a_o baker_n oven_n wherewith_o the_o same_o be_v shut_v up_o very_o close_o the_o floor_n of_o the_o barn_n have_v a_o mould_n of_o sand_n upon_o it_o wherein_a before_o they_o open_v the_o furnace_n a_o furrow_n be_v make_v of_o sufficient_a breadth_n and_o depth_n through_o the_o whole_a length_n of_o the_o barn_n from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o furnace_n until_o the_o barn_n door_n into_o which_o furrow_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o furnace_n be_v open_v the_o melt_a iron_n run_v very_o sudden_o and_o forcible_o be_v to_o look_v on_o like_a unto_o a_o stream_n or_o current_n of_o fire_n it_o remain_v a_o long_a time_n hot_a but_o do_v present_o loose_v its_o liquidness_n and_o redness_n turn_v into_o a_o hard_a and_o stiff_a mass_n which_o masâ—es_n be_v call_v sow_n by_o the_o workman_n sect._n 8._o of_o the_o different_a bigness_n of_o the_o iron_n sow_n these_o mass_n or_o sow_n of_o iron_n be_v not_o always_o of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o weight_n and_o bigness_n but_o there_o be_v they_o of_o all_o size_n from_o one_o hundred_o weight_n until_o thirty_o hundred_o which_o difference_n do_v chief_o depend_v on_o the_o different_a bigness_n of_o the_o furnace_n and_o hearth_n and_o partly_o on_o the_o will_n and_o discretion_n of_o the_o workmaster_n or_o founder_n and_o according_a as_o he_o either_o stay_v until_o the_o hearth_n be_v full_a or_o let_v out_o the_o iron_n soon_o but_o ordinary_o they_o do_v not_o use_v to_o cast_v or_o to_o open_v the_o hearth_n under_o less_o than_o twelve_o hour_n nor_o to_o stay_v much_o long_a than_o four-and-twenty_o and_o here_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o even_o in_o furnace_n of_o the_o same_o biguess_n yea_o in_o the_o selfsame_a furnace_n the_o same_o quantity_n of_o iron_n be_v not_o always_o cast_v in_o the_o same_o space_n of_o time_n but_o that_o vary_v both_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o oar_n and_o according_a to_o the_o different_a season_n of_o the_o year_n for_o within_o the_o same_o compass_n of_o time_n you_o shall_v cast_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o iron_n out_o of_o a_o rich_a mine_n or_o oar_n than_o out_o of_o a_o lean_a one_o and_o in_o the_o summer_n time_n when_o the_o coal_n come_v in_o dry_a and_o fresh_a than_o in_o the_o winter_n sect._n 9_o of_o the_o refine_n of_o the_o sow-iron_n and_o the_o hammer_v it_o into_o bar_n the_o soweâ—_n be_v with_o team_n of_o ox_n draw_v to_o the_o hammer-work_n where_o be_v put_v into_o the_o fire_n again_o they_o melt_v they_o into_o the_o finery_n the_o fine_a turn_v the_o melt_a stuff_n to_o and_o fro_o till_o it_o come_v to_o be_v a_o solid_a body_n than_o he_o carry_v it_o under_o the_o hammer_n where_o it_o be_v hammer_v out_o into_o such_o flat_a narrow_a and_o thin_a bar_n as_o be_v to_o be_v see_v every_o where_o the_o hammer_n be_v huge_a big_a one_o and_o never_o cease_v from_o knock_v day_n nor_o night_n as_o be_v keep_v at_o work_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o certain_a wheel_n turn_v about_o by_o watercourse_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o wheel_n of_o the_o bellows_o by_o mean_n of_o this_o second_o melt_v and_o of_o that_o mighty_a hammer_v the_o iron_n be_v free_v from_o a_o mighty_a deal_n of_o dross_n and_o dregs_o which_o it_o keep_v stick_v to_o it_o through_o its_o whole_a substance_n in_o the_o first_o melt_v and_o so_o of_o impure_a call_v sow-iron_n become_v to_o be_v useful_a such_o as_o be_v accustom_v to_o be_v deliver_v unto_o merchant_n be_v therefore_o call_v merchants-iron_n one_o tun_n whereof_o be_v usual_o have_v out_o of_o a_o tun_n and_o a_o half_a of_o sow-iron_n but_o if_o that_o be_v of_o the_o best_a sort_n and_o cast_v of_o the_o best_a oar_n two_o hundred_o pound_n less_o of_o it_o will_v yield_v the_o aforesaid_a quantity_n of_o a_o tun_n of_o merchants-iron_n chap._n xviii_o of_o the_o mine_n of_o silver_n and_o lead_n in_o ireland_n and_o occasional_o of_o the_o pestiferous_a damp_n and_o vapour_n within_o the_o earth_n sect._n 1_o of_o the_o several_a mine_n of_o silver_n and_o lead_n and_o in_o particular_a that_o of_o tipperary_n have_v of_o lead_n and_o sâ—lver_n in_o ireland_n have_v to_o this_o day_n be_v find_v out_o three_o in_o number_n one_o in_o ulster_n in_o the_o county_n of_o antrim_n very_o rich_a forasmuch_o as_o with_o every_o thirty_o pound_n of_o lead_n it_o yield_v a_o pound_n of_o pure_a silver_n another_o in_o connaught_n upon_o the_o very_a harbour-mouth_n of_o sligo_n in_o a_o little_a demy-iland_n common_o call_v conny-iland_n and_o a_o three_o in_o munster_n the_o first_o two_o have_v be_v discover_v but_o a_o few_o year_n before_o this_o present_a rebellion_n be_v through_o several_a impediment_n never_o take_v in_o hand_n yet_o wherefore_o we_o shall_v speak_v only_o of_o the_o three_o this_o mine_n stand_v in_o the_o county_n of_o tipperary_n in_o the_o barony_n of_o upper-ormond_n in_o the_o parish_n of_o kilmore_n upon_o the_o land_n of_o one_o john_n mac-dermot_n o-kennedy_a not_o far_o from_o the_o castle_n of_o downallie_o twelve_o mile_n from_o limmerick_n and_o threescore_o from_o dublin_n the_o land_n where_o the_o mine_n be_v be_v mountainous_a and_o barren_a but_o the_o bottom_n and_o the_o land_n adjoin_v be_v very_o good_a for_o pasture_n and_o partly_o arable_a of_o each_o whereof_o the_o miner_n have_v part_n to_o the_o value_n of_o twenty_o pound_n sterling_a per_fw-la annum_fw-la every_o one_o it_o be_v find_v out_o not_o above_o forty_o year_n ago_o but_o understand_v at_o the_o first_o only_a as_o a_o lead-mine_a and_o according_o give_v notice_n of_o to_o donogh_n earl_n of_o thomond_n than_o lord_n precedent_n of_o munster_n who_o make_v use_v of_o some_o of_o the_o lead_n for_o to_o cover_v the_o house_n which_o he_o then_o be_v building_n at_o bunrattie_n but_o afterward_o it_o have_v be_v find_v that_o with_o the_o lead_n of_o this_o mine_n there_o be_v mix_v some_o silver_n sect._n 2._o the_o manner_n of_o dig_v this_o i_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o oar_n and_o what_o proportion_n of_o silver_n and_o lead_v it_o yield_v the_o vein_n of_o this_o mine_n do_v common_o rise_v within_o three_o or_o four_o spit_n of_o the_o superficies_n and_o they_o dig_v deep_a as_o those_o vein_n go_v dig_v open_a pit_n very_o far_o into_o the_o ground_n many_o fathom_n deep_a yea_o castle-deep_a the_o pit_n not_o be_v steep_a but_o of_o that_o fashion_n as_o people_n may_v go_v in_o and_o out_o with_o wheel-barrow_n be_v the_o only_a way_n use_v by_o they_o for_o to_o carry_v out_o the_o mine_n or_o oare_n the_o water_n do_v seldom_o much_o offend_v they_o for_o when_o either_o by_o the_o fall_n of_o much_o rain_n or_o by_o the_o discover_n of_o some_o spring_n or_o water-source_n they_o find_v themselves_o annoy_v by_o it_o they_o do_v by_o conduit_n carry_v it_o away_o to_o a_o brook_n adjoin_v the_o mountain_n be_v so_o situate_a as_o that_o may_v be_v do_v easy_o this_o mine_n yield_v two_o different_a sort_n of_o oar_n of_o which_o the_o one_o and_o that_o the_o most_o in_o quantity_n be_v of_o a_o red_a colour_n hard_a and_o glister_a the_o other_o be_v like_o a_o marl_n something_o bluish_a and_o more_o soft_a than_o the_o red_a and_o this_o be_v count_v the_o best_a produce_v most_o silver_n whereas_o the_o other_o or_o glister_a sort_n be_v very_o barren_a and_o go_v most_o away_o into_o litteridge_n or_o dross_n the_o oar_n yield_v one_o with_o another_o three_o pound_n weight_n of_o silver_n out_o of_o each_o tun_n but_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o lead_n so_o as_o that_o be_v count_v the_o best_a
england_n wales_n and_o scotland_n in_o great_a abundance_n and_o therefore_o reasonable_a cheap_a which_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o the_o less_o care_n have_v be_v take_v to_o find_v out_o coal-mine_n in_o ireland_n itself_o whereas_o otherwise_o it_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o person_n know_v in_o these_o matter_n that_o if_o diligent_a search_n be_v make_v for_o they_o in_o sundry_a part_n of_o the_o land_n good_a coal-mine_n will_v be_v discover_v this_o opinion_n be_v the_o more_o probable_a because_o that_o already_o one_o coal_n mine_n have_v be_v find_v out_o in_o ireland_n a_o few_o year_n since_o by_o mere_a hazard_n and_o without_o have_v be_v seek_v for_o the_o mine_n be_v in_o the_o province_n of_o leinster_n in_o the_o county_n of_o carlo_n seven_o mile_n from_o idof_n in_o the_o same_o hill_n where_o the_o iron-mine_a be_v of_o mr._n christopher_n wandsworth_n of_o who_o have_v be_v speak_v above_o in_o that_o iron-mine_a after_o that_o for_o a_o great_a while_o they_o have_v draw_v iron-oar_n out_o of_o it_o and_o that_o by_o degree_n they_o be_v go_v deep_a at_o last_o in_o lieu_n of_o oar_n they_o meet_v with_o sea-coal_n so_o as_o ever_o since_o all_o the_o people_n dwell_v in_o those_o part_n have_v use_v it_o for_o their_o fire_n find_v it_o very_o cheap_a for_o the_o load_n of_o a_o irish-car_n draw_v by_o one_o garron_n do_v stand_v they_o beside_o the_o charge_n of_o bring_v it_o in_o nine_o penny_n only_o three_o penny_n to_o the_o dig_a and_o six_o penny_n to_o the_o owner_n there_o be_v coal_n enough_o in_o this_o mine_n for_o to_o furnish_v a_o whole_a country_n nevertheless_o there_o be_v no_o use_n make_v of_o they_o further_o than_o among_o the_o neighbour_a inhabitant_n because_o the_o my_o be_v situate_v far_o from_o river_n the_o transportation_n be_v too_o chargeable_a by_o land_n these_o coal_n be_v very_o heavy_a and_o burn_v with_o little_a flame_n but_o lie_v like_o char-coal_n and_o continue_v so_o the_o space_n of_o seven_o or_o eight_o hour_n cast_v a_o very_a great_a and_o violent_a heat_n in_o the_o place_n where_o this_o mine_n stand_v do_v lie_v little_a smith-coal_n above_o the_o ground_n disperse_v every_o where_o in_o great_a quantity_n from_o whence_o the_o smith_n dwell_v in_o the_o part_n round_o about_o do_v use_v to_o come_v and_o fetch_v they_o even_o before_o the_o mine_n be_v discover_v chap._n xx._n of_o the_o turf_n lime_n and_o brick_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o make_v those_o thing_n in_o ireland_n item_n of_o the_o glass_n make_v in_o ireland_n sect._n 1_o of_o the_o two_o sort_n of_o irish-turf_n turf_n be_v very_o much_o use_v throughout_o all_o the_o land_n as_o we_o have_v say_v before_o be_v of_o two_o sorâ—s_n according_a to_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o bogâ—_n out_o of_o the_o which_o it_o be_v take_v that_o which_o be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o dry-bog_n or_o red-bog_n be_v light_n spongy_a of_o a_o red_a colour_n kindle_v easy_o and_o burn_v very_o clear_a but_o do_v not_o last_v the_o other_o to_o the_o contrary_a which_o be_v raise_v out_o of_o the_o green_a or_o wet_a bog_n be_v heavy_a firm_a black_a do_v not_o burn_v so_o soon_o nor_o with_o so_o great_a a_o flame_n but_o last_v a_o great_a while_n and_o make_v a_o very_a hot_a fire_n and_o leave_v foul_a yellowish_a ash_n it_o be_v the_o observation_n of_o woman_n that_o the_o linen_n which_o be_v dry_v by_o a_o fire_n make_v of_o this_o last_o sort_n of_o turf_n get_v a_o foul_a colour_n be_v it_o never_o so_o white_a wash_v and_o bleech_v and_o grow_v yellowish_a in_o that_o manner_n as_o that_o it_o can_v hardly_o be_v get_v out_o again_o sect._n 2._o the_o manner_n of_o make_v the_o turf_n the_o first_o sort_n of_o turf_n cost_v but_o little_a pain_n in_o the_o make_n for_o be_v dig_v and_o have_v eye_n some_o day_n a_o dry_v first_o spread_v out_o thin_a and_o single_a upon_o the_o ground_n and_o afterward_o pile_v up_o in_o little_a heap_n it_o be_v bring_v into_o the_o barn_n but_o black_a turf_n can_v be_v make_v without_o more_o trouble_n first_o they_o mark_v out_o convenient_a place_n for_o only_o those_o be_v fit_a for_o it_o to_o which_o some_o path_n do_v lead_v and_o which_o in_o themselves_o be_v not_o too_o miry_a and_o too_o deep_a but_o have_v a_o firm_a &_o sandy_a ground_n underneath_o within_o the_o space_n of_o four_o or_o five_o foot_n or_o thereabouts_o have_v find_v out_o such_o a_o place_n if_o it_o be_v too_o watery_a they_o make_v some_o trench_n into_o which_o the_o water_n descend_v out_o of_o that_o part_n of_o the_o bog_n wherein_o they_o intend_v to_o work_v may_v by_o they_o be_v carry_v to_o some_o place_n fit_a for_o to_o receive_v it_o to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o bog_n be_v thereby_o grow_v somewhat_o dryer_n and_o firm_a may_v the_o better_o bear_v the_o labourer_n without_o sink_v too_o deep_a into_o it_o then_o they_o fall_v to_o the_o business_n divide_v it_o so_o among_o the_o labourer_n that_o one_o part_n of_o they_o do_v dig_v out_o the_o earth_n or_o rather_o the_o mud_n for_o all_o the_o earth_n whereof_o this_o turf_n be_v make_v be_v thin_a and_o muddy_a and_o by_o spadeâ—-full_a cast_n it_o on_o a_o heap_n either_o by_o the_o â—ide_v of_o the_o pit_n or_o some_o where_o within_o the_o same_o where_o other_o stand_v who_o very_o well_o work_v it_o turn_v it_o to_o and_o fro_o and_o then_o with_o their_o shovel_n fill_v it_o into_o certain_a wooden_a tray_n among_o the_o english_a in_o ireland_n peculiar_o call_v lossel_n the_o which_o be_v full_a another_o part_n of_o the_o labourer_n draw_v the_o same_o with_o great_a cord_n fasten_v to_o they_o to_o some_o dry_a place_n within_o the_o bog_n or_o by_o the_o side_n thereof_o where_o have_v pour_v out_o the_o mud_n they_o go_v back_o to_o fetch_v more_o and_o so_o go_v to_o and_o fro_o all_o day_n long_o on_o that_o dry_a place_n where_o the_o mud_n be_v pour_v forth_o sit_v certain_a woman_n upon_o their_o knee_n who_o mould_n the_o mud_n use_v nothing_o else_o to_o it_o but_o their_o hand_n between_o the_o which_o take_v a_o part_n of_o it_o they_o press_v they_o together_o in_o that_o manner_n that_o their_o hand_n meet_v above_o the_o turf_n be_v fashion_v flat_a and_o broad_o beneath_o grow_v narrow_a towards_o the_o top_n which_o be_v do_v the_o turf_n be_v let_v lie_n upon_o the_o ground_n the_o space_n of_o a_o week_n or_o more_o according_a as_o the_o weather_n be_v and_o be_v reasonable_o well_o dry_v it_o be_v pile_v up_o in_o little_a heap_n leave_v every_o where_o empty_a space_n between_o that_o the_o air_n and_o the_o wind_n pass_v through_o they_o they_o may_v dry_v the_o soon_o sect._n 3_o the_o charge_n of_o make_v turf_n ireland_n be_v so_o full_a of_o bog_n that_o every_o man_n almost_o have_v bog_n enough_o upon_o his_o own_o land_n to_o make_v turf_n for_o his_o family_n and_o for_o all_o his_o tenant_n so_o that_o the_o turf_n do_v cost_v most_o man_n no_o more_o than_o the_o hire_n of_o the_o labourer_n who_o be_v employ_v about_o it_o those_o that_o begin_v early_o in_o the_o year_n whilst_o the_o labourer_n have_v but_o little_a employment_n give_v ordinary_o beside_o meat_n and_o drink_n three_o penny_n sterling_a a_o day_n to_o every_o man_n and_o two_o penny_n to_o every_o woman_n four_o penny_n a_o day_n be_v the_o ordinary_a price_n and_o when_o it_o be_v be_v at_o the_o dear_a five_o penny_n twenty_o man_n make_v in_o two_o or_o three_o day_n as_o much_o turf_n as_o be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o whole_a year_n fire_v of_o a_o great_a family_n of_o which_o number_n five_o man_n do_v dig_v and_o cast_v up_o the_o mud_n five_o wrought_v it_o and_o fill_v it_o into_o the_o tray_n and_o ten_o be_v busy_v in_o draw_v the_o tray_n to_o the_o place_n where_o the_o turf_n be_v mould_v by_o the_o woman_n who_o go_v so_o nimble_o to_o work_v with_o it_o that_o only_o two_o of_o they_o be_v sufficient_a to_o keep_v twenty_o man_n at_o work_n sect._n 4._o of_o the_o lime_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o make_v it_o of_o limestone_n all_o the_o lime_n in_o ireland_n be_v make_v not_o of_o the_o shell_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o shellfish_n as_o in_o holland_n and_o some_o other_o country_n but_o only_o of_o stone_n and_o the_o gray_a freestone_n whereof_o we_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o precedent_a chapter_n be_v very_o fit_a for_o it_o especial_o when_o it_o be_v not_o new_o come_v out_o of_o the_o quarry_n but_o take_v off_o old_a building_n but_o a_o peculiar_a sort_n of_o stone_n proper_o call_v limestone_n be_v best_a for_o it_o this_o stone_n be_v of_o a_o gray_a colour_n tend_v to_o a_o dark_a blue_a which_o be_v break_v a_o white_a dust_n
for_o else_o one_o will_v run_v great_a hazard_n to_o sustain_v great_a loss_n and_o to_o have_v all_o spoil_v but_o those_o that_o be_v vigilant_a and_o careful_a and_o that_o lose_v no_o occasion_n at_o all_o do_v common_o in_o the_o end_n get_v in_o their_o increase_n well_o enough_o notwithstanding_o all_o those_o great_a hindrance_n so_o that_o there_o be_v as_o few_o year_n of_o dearth_n in_o ireland_n as_o in_o any_o other_o country_n of_o christendom_n and_o most_o year_n there_o be_v not_o only_a corn_n enough_o get_v for_o the_o sustenance_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n but_o a_o great_a deal_n over_o and_o above_o for_o the_o send_v out_o of_o great_a quantity_n of_o grain_n into_o other_o country_n sect._n 4._o of_o the_o fair_a weather_n in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o autumn_n in_o the_o foul_a weather_n the_o night_n be_v often_o fair_a in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o autumn_n weather_n be_v common_o fair_a again_o for_o some_o week_n together_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o in_o the_o spring_n but_o not_o so_o long_o which_o as_o it_o do_v serve_v for_o to_o dry_v up_o and_o to_o get_v in_o the_o corn_n and_o hay_n which_o till_o then_o have_v remain_v in_o the_o field_n the_o too_o much_o wet_a have_v hinder_v it_o from_o be_v bring_v away_o soon_o so_o it_o give_v the_o opportunity_n of_o plough_v the_o ground_n and_o sow_v the_o winter-corn_n the_o which_o otherwise_o will_v very_o hardly_o be_v do_v for_o that_o season_n be_v once_o past_a you_o have_v very_o little_a dry_a weather_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o autumn_n and_o during_o all_o winter_n and_o although_o it_o do_v seldom_o rain_v continual_o for_o many_o day_n together_o yet_o be_v the_o wetness_n very_o great_a and_o few_o week_n do_v pass_v wherein_o be_v not_o two_o or_o three_o rainy_a day_n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o ordinary_o it_o rain_v in_o ireland_n much_o more_o by_o day_n than_o by_o night_n and_o that_o many_o time_n when_o it_o do_v rain_v two_o or_o three_o day_n together_o the_o night_n between_o be_v very_o clear_a and_o fair_a the_o which_o also_o many_o time_n fall_v out_o in_o other_o foul_a weather_n and_o when_o all_o day_n long_o the_o sky_n be_v overcast_v with_o cloud_n and_o mist_n sect._n 5._o some_o dry_a summer_n in_o ireland_n but_o hardly_o ever_o any_o too_o dry_a but_o although_o it_o be_v ordinary_o thus_o in_o ireland_n yet_o the_o same_o inconstancy_n and_o variableness_n of_o year_n and_o season_n which_o be_v observe_v in_o most_o other_o country_n do_v also_o here_o occur_v and_o that_o more_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o summer_n &_o dry_a weather_n than_o of_o the_o winter_n and_o cold_a for_o it_o be_v marvellous_a seldom_o to_o have_v there_o a_o hard_a winter_n and_o long_o â—rost_v but_o summer_n have_v be_v which_o be_v full_a of_o very_o dry_a and_o fair_a and_o pleasant_a weather_n but_o as_o winter_n cruel_o cold_a so_o likewise_o over-dry_a summer_n do_v in_o this_o island_n hardly_o come_v once_o in_o a_o age_n and_o it_o be_v a_o common_a say_n in_o ireland_n that_o the_o very_a dry_v summer_n there_o never_o hurt_v the_o land_n for_o although_o the_o corn_n and_o grass_n upon_o the_o high_a and_o dry_a ground_n may_v get_v harm_n nevertheless_o the_o country_n in_o general_n get_v more_o good_a than_o hurt_n by_o it_o and_o when_o any_o dearth_n fall_v out_o to_o be_v in_o ireland_n they_o be_v not_o cause_v through_o immoderate_a heat_n and_o drought_n as_o in_o most_o other_o country_n but_o through_o too_o much_o wet_a and_o excessive_a rain_n sect._n 6._o amendment_n of_o the_o wet_a air_n in_o ireland_n how_o to_o be_v expect_v so_o that_o the_o irish-air_n be_v great_o defectuous_a in_o this_o part_n and_o too_o much_o subject_n to_o wet_a and_o rainy_a weather_n wherein_o if_o it_o be_v of_o somewhat_o a_o better_a temperature_n and_o as_o free_v from_o too_o much_o wet_a as_o it_o be_v from_o excessive_a cold_a it_o will_v be_v one_o of_o the_o sweet_a and_o pleasant_a in_o the_o whole_a world_n and_o very_o few_o country_n can_v be_v name_v that_o may_v be_v compare_v with_o ireland_n for_o agreeable_a temperateness_n and_o although_o it_o be_v unlikely_a that_o any_o revolution_n of_o time_n will_v produce_v any_o considerable_a alteration_n in_o this_o the_o which_o indeed_o in_o some_o other_o country_n have_v cause_v wonderful_a change_n because_o that_o those_o who_o many_o age_n ago_o have_v write_v of_o this_o island_n do_v witness_v the_o self_n same_o thing_n of_o it_o in_o this_o particular_a as_o we_o do_v find_v in_o our_o time_n there_o be_v nevertheless_o great_a probability_n that_o this_o defect_n may_v in_o part_n be_v amend_v by_o the_o industry_n of_o man_n if_o the_o country_n be_v once_o inhabit_v throughout_o by_o a_o civil_a nation_n care_n be_v take_v every_o where_o to_o diminish_v and_o take_v away_o the_o superfluous_a and_o excessive_a wetness_n of_o the_o ground_n in_o all_o the_o watery_a and_o boggy_a place_n whereby_o this_o too_o great_a moystness_n of_o the_o air_n be_v great_o increase_v and_o partly_o also_o occasion_v this_o opinion_n be_v not_o ground_v upon_o some_o uncertain_a speculation_n but_o upon_o assure_a experience_n for_o several_a know_v and_o credible_a person_n have_v affirm_v to_o i_o that_o already_o some_o year_n since_o good_a beginning_n have_v be_v see_v of_o it_o and_o that_o in_o some_o part_n of_o the_o land_n well_o inhabit_v with_o english_a and_o where_o great_a extent_n of_o bog_n have_v be_v drain_v and_o reduce_v to_o dry_a land_n it_o have_v be_v find_v by_o the_o observation_n of_o some_o year_n one_o after_o another_o that_o they_o have_v have_v a_o dry_a air_n and_o much_o less_o trouble_v with_o rain_n than_o in_o former_a time_n herewith_o agree_v what_o we_o read_v in_o that_o famous_a writer_n pliny_n in_o the_o four_o chapter_n of_o the_o seventeen_o book_n of_o his_o natural_a history_n concern_v that_o part_n of_o macedon_n wherein_o the_o city_n philippi_n be_v seat_v where_o the_o air_n former_o have_v be_v very_o rainy_a be_v great_o amend_v by_o the_o alter_a the_o wetness_n of_o the_o ground_n his_o word_n be_v these_o circa_n philippos_n cultura_fw-la siccata_fw-la regio_fw-la mutavit_fw-la coeli_fw-la habitum_fw-la that_o be_v word_n for_o word_n the_o country_n about_o philippi_n be_v dry_v up_o through_o tillage_n have_v alter_v the_o quality_n of_o the_o air._n chap._n xxii_o of_o the_o dew_n mist_n snow_n hail_o hoar-frost_n thunder_n and_o lightning_n earthquake_n and_o wind_n sect._n 1_o of_o the_o dew_n the_o naturalist_n and_o geographer_n do_v assure_v we_o that_o it_o dew_v exceed_o in_o the_o hot_a and_o dry_a country_n and_o that_o the_o less_o it_o use_v to_o rain_v in_o a_o country_n the_o dew_n do_v fall_v there_o the_o more_o abundant_o whereby_o it_o shall_v seem_v to_o follow_v that_o in_o the_o wet_a climate_n it_o dew_v very_o little_a and_o consequent_o that_o in_o ireland_n where_o it_o rain_v so_o very_a much_o the_o dew_n must_v be_v very_o scanty_a but_o there_o be_v as_o much_o dew_n there_o as_o in_o other_o country_n that_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n hot_a and_o dry_a only_o thus_o much_o experience_n do_v show_v in_o ireland_n and_o it_o may_v be_v as_o well_o in_o other_o country_n whereof_o i_o have_v not_o yet_o inform_v myself_o that_o when_o it_o be_v towards_o any_o great_a rain_n little_a or_o no_o dew_n do_v fall_v so_o as_o in_o those_o time_n go_v forth_o early_o in_o the_o morning_n into_o the_o green_a field_n you_o will_v find_v they_o altogether_o dry_a and_o that_o even_o in_o that_o season_n wherein_o the_o dew_n in_o ireland_n as_o in_o other_o neighbour_a country_n use_v to_o fall_v more_o abundant_o than_o in_o any_o other_o time_n of_o the_o year_n to_o wit_n in_o the_o month_n of_o may_n and_o june_n this_o be_v a_o certain_a sign_n to_o the_o inhabitant_n that_o great_a rain_n be_v to_o fall_v sudden_o and_o common_o after_o such_o a_o dry_a and_o dewless_a night_n it_o use_v to_o rain_v two_o or_o three_o day_n together_o but_o the_o precede_a rain_n do_v not_o hinder_v the_o dew_n in_o that_o manner_n as_o that_o which_o be_v imminent_a and_o it_o be_v find_v ordinary_o that_o in_o a_o clear_a night_n follow_a a_o rainy_a day_n the_o which_o be_v very_o ordinary_a as_o we_o have_v say_v in_o the_o precede_a chapter_n the_o dew_n come_v down_o as_o liberal_o as_o if_o it_o have_v not_o rain_v the_o day_n before_o sect._n 2._o of_o may-dew_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o gather_v and_o preserve_v it_o the_o english_a woman_n and_o gentlewoman_n in_o ireland_n as_o in_o england_n do_v use_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o summer_n to_o gather_v good_a store_n of_o dew_n to_o keep_v it_o by_o they_o all_o the_o year_n after_o