Title of a Dukedom This City lies seven Leagues from the Shoars of the Mediterranean Sea to the West eight from the Borders of France fourteen from Perpignan to the South and sixteen from Barcelona to the North. A Spanish Council was held at it in 517. Gisborn a Market Town in the West Riding of Yorkshire in the Hundred of Stancliff Gisborough a Market Town in the North Riding of Yorkshire in the Hundred of Langburgh situated in a pleasant Flat between Mulgrave and the River Tees and heretofore enriched with an Abbey This is the first place where Allum was made in England Gisors Caesortium Caesarotium and Gisorium an ancient Town in Normandy mentioned by Antoninus the Capital of le Vexin Normand a Territory in this Province which lies upon the River Epte sixteen Leagues from Paris to the West and ten from Roan to the North-East It has given the Title of an Earl for many Ages past About the year 1188. Henry I. King of England and Philip the August King of France had an Enterview betwixt this place and Trie after the news of the taking of Jerusalem by Saladine wherein they agreed upon a Croisade for the recovery of the Holy Land again and to lay aside their differences with one another till they had performed it Givaudan or Gevaudan Gabali a Territory in Languedoc the Capital of which is Mende it lies between Auvergne to the North Rovergne to the West the Lower Languedoc to the South and Vivarais and Velay to the East Placed in the Mountains of Sevennes and very subject to Snow yet not unfruitful near the sourse of the Allier the Lot Olda and the Tarn Mende the principal City lies twenty five Leagues from Lyon to the South West and Baignol the next to Mende in greatness lies about six Miles South of it This was the Country of the ancient people called Gabales It now gives the Title of Earl to the Bishops of Mende and was first united to the Crown of France in 1271. being heretofore under its own Counts The Huguenots ravaged it much in the last Age. Giulap Chaboras Chobar a River and City of Mesopotamia The River ariseth from Mount Masius in the Confines of the Greater Arabia and running Southward through Mesopotamia falls into the River Euphrates at Al Thabur which last City it seems is by some called Giulap The River is the same that passeth by Caramit the Capital of Diarbeck or Mesopotamia and in the latter Maps is called Soaid supposed to be the River Chobar mentioned by Ezekiel the Prophet See Chaibar Giulia Julia a City of Transylvania between the Rivers of Sebekeres and Feyerkeres upon the Lake Zarkad seven German Miles South of Great Waradin upon the Frontiers of Transylvania in the Hands of the Turk whose Ancestors conquered it in 1566. Some Authors believe this to be the same place with the Ziridava of the Ancients Giulich a Branch of Mount Taurus in Cilicia Giulick See Juliers Giustandil Acrys Justiniana Prima Lychnidus Tauresium a City of Macedonia commonly by the Christians called Locrida standing on the Confines of Albania upon the Lake Pelioum out of which the River riseth that watereth Albanopoli This City was the Birth-place of that Great Prince Justinian the Emperour and from him had the Name of Justiniana even now it is a great and populous City and an Archbishops See it stands upon an high Hill eighty Miles from Durazzo to the East Glamorganshire Glamorgania Morganucia one of the twelve Counties of Wales has on the South the Severn Sea on the East Monmouthshire on the North Brecknockshire and on the West Caermarthenshire the North part being Mountainous is barren and unpleasant the South side descending by degrees spreads it self into a fruitful Plain which is filled with Towns The principal City of this County is Landaff There is in this County one hundred and eighteen Parishes The Earldom was granted to Edward Somerset Lord Herbert of Chepstow c. by Charles I. in 1645. the Father of Henry Duke of Beaufort in which most Loyal and most Noble Family it now is Glan Clanes a River in Bavaria which now falls into the Danube Glandeves Glandeva Glannata Glannatica a ruined City in Provence amongst the Maritime Alpes near the River Var giving Name to an Honourable Family in Province and formerly dignified with the Title of an Earldom The continual Inundations of the River Var obliged the Inhabitants to desert it about eight hundred years ago who settled at Entrevaux at the distance of a quarter of a League from it whether they removed also the Episcopal See of Glandeves which is a Suffragan to the Archbishop of Ambrun Glanfordbridge or Glamford a Market Town in Lincolnshire in the Hundred of Yarborough Glanio Clanius Liris a River in Italy now frequently called L'Agno See Agno Glarys Calarona Glarona a Town in Switzerland which is the Capital of a Canton seated in a Valley of the same Name upon the River Sarneff amongst very high Hills called Glarnischberg eighteen Miles from Altorf to the South-East and as many from Schwits to the North-East This is so great populous and strong that it may compare with most Cities The Plain upon which it stands lies by the River Limat about three German Miles in length being fensed on three sides by the towring Alpes having on the South and East the Grisons on the West the Canton Von Vry and Schwits and on the North the River Limat which parts it from the Grisons This is one of the lesser Cantons and the eighth in number Of old subject to the Monastery of Secon which had the Tythes and some certain Rents but the Inhabitants were otherwise free of all Exactions Taxes and Tolls and governed by a Senate chosen out of themselves by their own Laws and Customs only the Abbess of the Monastery chose the Senators and the Emperor was Advocate of the Monastery which Right being consigned by Fredericus Aenobarbus to Otho Palatine of Burgundy came to the House of Hapspurgh and by the latter to Albert Son of Rodolphus I. who attempting to change these Methods of Government this Canton in 1351. revolted and was received into the League of the Cantons and in 1386. gave the Austrians a fatal overthrow Zuinglius about 1515. preaching here against the Church of Rome many of the Inhabitants imbraced the Reformed Religion the rest persisting in the Roman and so it stands at this day Glas Nanaeus a River in Scotland the same with Strachnavern Glascow Glasquo Glascum a City in the West of Scotland upon the River Cluyd Glotta sixteen Miles from the Western Shoar This was very anciently a Bishops See but discontinued till King William of Scotland restored it now an Archbishops See and an University which was opened by Turnbull a Bishop who in 1554. built a College here and it is now the best place of Trade in this part of Scotland having a delightful situation excellent Apples and a Bridge of eight Arches over the
Pont near Belsey in the County of Northumberland giving the Title of Earl to the Duke of Newcastle and its name to the VVard it stands in It did formerly belong to the Barons Ogle Oglio Ollio Ollius a River in the States of Venice in Italy it springeth from the Mountains above Edulum in the Borders of Switzerland in the Valteline and flowing through Brescia or Brexa into the Lake de Iseo it leaves it at Calepio a little lower separating the Territory of Brescia from that of Cremona or the State of Venice from the Dukedom of Milan and watering part of the Dukedom of Mantoua it falls into the Po at Burgoforte Oie a County in Picardy It is extended from Calais as far as to Graveling and Dunkirk and hath a Town in it of the same name The Spaniards during the Civil Wars of the League possessed themselves of this County till by the Treaty of Vervin in 1598. it was surrendred again to the Crown of France The English heretosore held it above two Ages § There is a small Island Oie near that of Rè upon the Coast of Saintonge in Aquitain L'Oise Osesia Isauria Oesia Aesia a River of France which ariseth in Picardy in the Confines of Hainault and Champagne and washing Guise Lafere and Noyon at Compeigne it takes in the Aysne a bigger River than it self so by Pont S. Maxiente Beaumont and Pont Oyse falls into the Seyne six Miles below Paris towards Roan Okeham or Oakham the Capital Town of the County of Rutland seated in the rich and pleasant Vale of Catmoss and said to derive its name from the plenty of Oaks growing in its neighbourhood It has a Castle where the Assises are kept a Frecschool and a Hospital And by an ancient Privilege belonging to its Royalty a Nobleman entering on horseback within its Precincts pays the homage of a Shooe from his Horse Therefore upon the door of the Shire-Hall there are many Horse-shooes nailed and over the Judges Seat in the same one curiously wrought five foot and a half long with a breadth proportionable But this Homage or Forfeiture may be commuted for money Okehampton a Borough and Market Town in Devonshire in the Hundred of Black-Torring It returns two Members of Parliament Old or Ould Olitis a River in Quercy in France Olde or Oude Vlda a River in Bretagne Oldenburg Oldenburgum Brannesia a small City in VVestphalia the Capital of a County of the same name seated upon the River Honta twenty five Miles from Breman to the West and forty from Embden to the East Built by Otho the Great and almost totally ruined by Fire in the year 1676. that very day the Citizens were to have taken the Oath of Allegiance to the King of Denmark The County of Oldemburg is a small County in the Circle of VVestphalia between East-Friesland to the West the Dukedom of Bremen to the East the Bishoprick of Munster to the South and the German Ocean to the North. Very fruitful especially as to Pasture and Cattle the Air is cold and Foggy This for a long time was under Counts of its own who are derived from VVittikindus the last King and first Duke of the Saxons VValepart one of his Nephews in 850. being the Earl of Oldemburg This Line continued with some small variation for twenty three or twenty four Descents and in 1676. failed Since which it has been annexed to the Crown of Denmark that King being descended of the Eldest Branch of the Earls of Oldenburg Oldenborg a Town in Holstein in the Territory of Wageren once a Bishops See but removed long since to Lubeck it stands not above three Miles from the Baltick Sea and thirty from Lubeck to the North. Oldenpo Oldenpoa a Tract in Esthonia in Livonia between Lettonia to the South Esthonia properly so called to the West Alentak to the North and Moscovy to the East under the Swedes the chief Town in it is Tonspat Oldenzeel or Oldensel Odesalia a strong Town in Overyssel in the Vnited Netherlands taken and dismantled by the Hollanders in 1626. Oldeslo Oldensloe Oldesloa a Town in Holstein in Wageren upon the River Trava in the Borders of Lavemburg three German Miles from Lubeck to the West and five from Hamburgh to the South-East The King of Denmark erected here a spacious Fortification in 1688. At which Lubeck was not a little alarm'd Oleron Vliarus an Island on the Coast of Aquitain belonging to the Duchy thereof upon the Shoar of Saintonge against the Mouth of the River Charente two Leagues from the Continent Six from North to South two from East to West strengthened by a very strong Castle on the South Side and universally famous for the Sea-Laws here Published by Richard I. King of England at his Return from the Holy Land in the fifth year of his Reign at which time this Island lay under the Dominion of the Kings of England This is the same Island with the Olarion of Sidonius Apollinaris which he says yields plenty of Rabbets Oleron or Oleron sur le Gave Oloronensis urbis Huro Hurona Elarona Loronensium Civitas a City of Bearn in the South of France which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Aux Destroyed by the Normans in the year 1080. and rebuilt by Centulus one of the Earls of this Province upon a Branch of the Gave thence called Le Gave de Oleron ten Leagues from Tarbes to the West eighteen from Dax to the South and twenty four from Pampelona to the North. It stands upon an Eminence having an old Tower Olika Olica a City in Volhinia a Province of Poland five Miles from Lucko to the South-East which in 1651. sustained a Siege against the Cossacks and preserved it self out of their Hands Olinde Olinda a Maritim City of Brasil in America the Capital of the Province of Pernambuc Taken by the Hollanders in 1629. and fortified but afterwards deserted and returned under the Crown of Portugal This City stands upon a Hill near the Mouth of the River Bibiribe has a Castle called S. George and a large Haven In 1676. it was made a Bishops See under the Archbishop of S. Salvadore Olivenza Evandria Oliventia a strong City of Portugal upon the River Guadiana three Leagues from Elvas to the South-West and twelve from Evora to the East Taken by the Spaniards in 1658. and restored to the Portuguese by the Treaty of Peace at Lisbon in 1688. Olivero Oliverio Helicon a River on the North of Sicily The Mount of Olives Mons Olivetus a Mount in the Vicinage to the East of the City Jerusalem in Palestine which hath the Valley of Jehosaphat lying betwixt Jerusalem and it and the Brook Kedron gliding at its Foot About two thousand Paces in length from North to South and six hundred in heighth affording a delightful Prospect not only over Jerusalem but towards the Mountains of Arabia towards Jordain and the Dead Sea Hebron and Samaria It breaks into three Points or little Hills whereof the
South-East Aquileja is call'd by the French Aquilee by the Germans Aglar and Aglareu a Patriarchal City of Italy in antient times very great and one of the principal Cities of Italy the Residence of some Emperours In 452. Attila King of the Huns took and destroyed it after a Siege of 3 Years after this being rebuilt by Narsetes it was again Burnt and Ruin'd by the Lombards in 590. and was after this rebuilt by Poponâ— Patriarch of it In antient times it was under the temporal Jurisdiction of these Patriarchs but being afterwards taken by the Dukes of Austria it remains to this day in their hands It is now almost desolate by reason of its bad Air troublesom Rubbish and Ruins and the Vicinity of Venice which draws all Trade from it This City lies between the River Isonzo to the East and Ansa to the West and is not above 9 Miles distant from the Shoars of the Adriatick Sea on the North. It lies in 36. 10. Long. and 45. 45. Lat. Aquino Aquinum a very antient City in the Terra di Lavoro in the Kingdom of Naples a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Capona and heretofore a Roman Colony Almost Ruin'd and little consiberable now but for its being the Birth-place of S. Thomas Aquinas as formerly of the Poet Juvenal Aquisgrana Aquisgranum See Aix la Chapelle Aqutaine Aquatania a third Part of the antient Gaul supposed to be so call'd from the abundance of its Waters The Emperour Augustus divided it into Prima and Secunda including within both Bordeaux Agne Angoulesme Xaintes Poitiers Perigueux Bourges Clermont Rodes Albi Cahors Limoges Mende and Puy Whereunto the Emperour Adrian added a third Province by the Name of Novempopulonia See Gascoigne This Country continued in Obedience to the Roman Empire till Honorius about the Year 412. yielded part thereof to Athaulfe King of the Goths whose Successours took occasion thereupon to Usurp the whole About the Year 630. it came into the Possession of the Crown of France entirely The Gascoigners soon revoulted giving to Eudos their Leader the Title of Duke of Aquitain which brought on a War that was not ended till the powerful Reign of Charles the Great In 778. Charles the Great erected Aquitaine into a Kingdom in the Person of Lewis the Debonnaire his Son It continued a Kingdom about 100 Years and then broke into particular Fiefs and Hereditaments In 1152. it came to the Crown of England as Dukes of Aquitaine in the right of Eleanor Wife to Henry II. For its fortunes since see Gascoigne Arabia is a very large Country in Asia having on the North Syria and Diarbechia upon the East the Persian Gulph and the Streights of Basor by which it is separated from Persia on the South it has the Arabian Sea and on the West the Red Sea which cuts it off in great part from Africa The Southern and Eastern parts which are the greatest are well cultivated but the Northern is for the most part barren and sandy having but few Inhabitants or Cities by reason of the vast Desarts barren Mountains and want of Water It is all under Princes of its own except a small part of Arabia Petraea in which the Turks have some few Forts This vast Country is divided into three Parts viz. The Desart The Happy and The Stony Arabia Deserta the Desart is the least part of all the three and lies most North call'd by the Asiaticks Berii Arabistan bounded on the South by the Mountains of Arabia the Happy on the East by the Province of Iraca heretofore Chaldea upon the North by Diarvechia from which it is separated by the River Euphrates upon the West by Syria the Holy Land and Arabia the Stony Arabia Foelix the Happy is the greatest of all the three parts and lies extended to the South and East it is call'd by the Inhabitants Jemen and is encompass'd on all sides by the Sea except towards the North where it bounds upon the other two Arabia's There are in this part many Kingdoms and great Cities the Soil being fruitful and the Country not easie to be invaded by the neighbour Nations by reason of its Situation Arabia Petraea the Stony lies more West and is call'd by the Turks Dase-lik Arabistan or as others say Baraab Arabistan by the Natives it is bounded on the North by the Holy Land and part of Syria on the East by Arabia Deserta in part and by Arabia Foelix in part as also on the South and on the West it has the Red Sea and Egypt Two things have made these Countries known to all the World The wandering of the Children of Israel 40 Years in the first and the Birth of that great Deceiver Mahomet in the latter of these three Parts Aracuâ—es a People of Chili which are the most Warlike of all the Americans Arach Parthia a Province of the Kingdom of Persia Arach Petra the chief City of Arabia Petraea once the capital City of Moab and then call'd Rabath afterwards an Archbishops See under the Patriarch of Jerusalem being taken from the Patriarch of Alexandria it was also once call'd Cyriacopolis and Mons Regalis by some now Krach it stands upon the Confines of Palestine near the Brook Zareth and lies in 66. 45. Long. and 30. 20. Lat. Arad Caucasus is a Mountain of Asia which the Fable of Prometheus has made very well known It is that part of Mount Taurus which lies betwixt the Euxine or Black Sea on the West and the Caspian Sea on the East including the Mengrelians Coraxicos Caitachians Heniochos and the Achaeans Achaeos It is continued also amongst the Asiatick Tartars as far as to the Cimmerian Bosphorus now commonly call'd Cocas This Mountain is very high and always covered with Snow It is call'd by Hayton the Armenian Cochias by others Albsor by Niger Adazer by Circassians Salatto and by the French le mont de Circassie Aradus an Island and City of Phaenicia in the Syrian Ocean over against Tortosa sometime the Seat of a Bishop till it fell under the Tyranny of the Turks Arafat a Mountain within a League or two of Mecca in Arabia On the top of it there is a Mosque whither the Mahometan Pilgrims repair tofinish their Devotions after their performance of the Ceremonies of Mecca It is the same they say that Abraham would have Sacrificed his Son Isaac upon in Commemoration whereof before they part they kill some Sheep in the Valley of Mina below and what they present not amongst their Friends they distribute to the Poor by the name of Corban that is their Oblation Aragon See Arragon Arais Araxes See Achlar Arakil-Uanc a Celebrated Village and Monastery at the foot of Ararat in Armenia in great esteem amongst the People there who believe it to be the place where Noah after the Deluge retired to offer his Sacrifices of Thanksgiving to God for his miraculous Preservation Aran Arania is a very fruitful Vale in Aquitain â—n France which lies between
Gates of Geneva Gold is found amongst its Sands Arundale Aruntina Vallis a Corporation in Sussex upon the River Arun in which there is a Castle a stately place strong by Art and Nature The Name State and Dignity of Earl belongs to whoever is possessed of this Mannor and Castle without any other Consideration or Creation to be an Earl as Mr Camden acquaints us out of the Parliament Rolls of the 11. H. VI. This Castle stands 9 Miles East of Chichester and the Fee is in the Hands of the most Noble Henry Duke of Norfolk Earl Marshal of England by Inheritance granted by Charles II. in 1672. to the Father of this present Duke who is the Eldest Duke Earl and Baron in England and the first Protestant of this Noble and Illustrious Branch The marmora Arundeliana have made this name universally known amongst the Ingenious of all parts The Corporation sends Two Burgesses to the Parliament Arzilla Zilia Azella a maritime Town in the Province of Hasbata in the Kingdom of Fez upon the Atlantique Ocean well fortified Alphonsus V. King of Portugal surnamed Africanus took it in 1471. The King of Fez besieged it in 1508. without Victory Afterwards the Portuguese abandon'd it Arzeron Aziris a City of Armenia upon the Euphrates the Turkish Viceroy of which has under him 17 subordinate Governors Asasi a Town in the Kingdom of Marocco Asaph Elâ—â—a Asaphopolis a Town and Bishops See in Flintshire in Wales this Bishoprick was erected by Kentigern Bishop of Glascow in Scotland in the year 560. He returning afterwards into Scotland made Asaph a holy Man Bishop of this place from whom it has its Name There is in this Diocese 128 Parishes The Town is mean as well as the Church and it stands upon the River Cluyd about three Miles from the Sea and sixteen from Chester Lat. 53. 22. Long. 3. 17. Asborn a Market Town in Darbyshire in the Hundred of Wirksworth Ascalon was heretofore a City of Judaea in the Tribe of Dan upon the Sea Coast and one of the strongest holds of the Philistines Baldwin I. King of Jerusalem took it from the Saracens about the year 1153. It was made a Bishops See but so destroyed since that not above 50 Families now dwell in it who are Moors and Turks Ascania an antient Town in the Principality of Anhalt in Germany betwixt Magdebourg and Northuhausen it gives the Title of a Count. Aschaffenbourg Asciburgum a City in Germany in the Diocese of Mentz but in the Limits of Franconia and therefore by some ascribed to that Province Heretofore an Imperial or Hans-Town but afterwards exempted it is divided into two parts by the River Mayn which falls into Rhine at Mentz There is in it a stately Palace built of square Stone called Johansburg where the Elector of Mentz often resides This Town is distant from Frankford 6 Miles Eastward Aschen a Castle in Bavaria Aschersleben Ascania an old Town in the Diocese of Halberstad in the Principality of Anhalt in Germany whence the House of Anhalt receives the Name of principes Ascanii almost ruined Ascherne Aschenten Askarna a Town in the County of Limerick in Munster in Ireland upon a River of the Name Ascoli di Satriano Asculum Apulum a small decaying City an Episcopal See under the Archbishop of Benevento in the Kingdom of Naples in the County called the Principate at the foot of the Apennine 35 Miles East from Benevento This City is built on a Hill a former which stood near it having been ruin'd in the year 1399. by a dreadful Earthquake this was built in the year 1410. by the Inhabitants of the other Ascoli upon the River Tronto a City in the Marcha Anconitana in Italy with an Episcopal See immediately under the Pope The Birthplace of Pope Nicholas IV. as formerly of Betutius Barrus an Orator mentioned by Cicero In 1557. the French and Spaniards had a Battle near this place The antient Inhabitants were the first that confederated against the Romans in the Marsick War Sometime after that it was almost ruined but rebuilt and fell to be one of the first Temporal Demains of the Pope Ascot a Mannor in the County of Buckingham which has long belonged to the Loyal Family of the Dormers Earls of Carnarvan and Viscounts of Ascot who were advanced to this Honor Aug. 2. 1628. by Charles I. for whom Robert the first Earl died fighting in the Battle of Newberry in 1643. Asebin Nisivis See Nisbin Asgar a Province in the Kingdom of Fez in Africa to the West between the Provinces of Fez and Habat It s principal Towns are Arasch and Alcasar-Quivir Ashby de la Zouch a Market-Town and Barony in Leicestershire which saith Camden is now in the Earls of Huntington one of which Family Sir William Hastings procured the Town the Privilege of a Fair in the Reign of Henry VI. It stands in the North-West Corner of the County about eleven Miles North-East from Eaton Ash-burtun a Corporation seated upon the River Dart in Devonshire which sends two Burgesses to the Parliament it stands about 17 Miles from Exeter to the South-West and 5 Miles from Newton Ashdale a Place in Scotland of which the late Duke of Monmouth was Baron Ashdod Azotus a City in the Holy Land which was one of the Principalities of the Philistines in S. Jerom's time it was a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Caesarea now a Village called Alzete by the Turks See Azotus Ashford a Market-Town in Kent upon the River Stower in Scray-Lath Ashkrig a Market-Town in Yorkshire in the North-riding and the Hundred of Hang West A S I A the first of the Four parts of the World the Mother and for a long time the Nurse and Mistress of Mankind for here in this Man was created and after the Deluge this was the Place God chose to give Mankind a second Beginning in the 2 first of the General Monarchies viz. the Assyrian and Persian were in this part and to it chiefly was the Church confined till our blessed Saviour came It is washed on three sides by the vast Ocean which on the East is called the Eastern or Pacifick Ocean on the North the Tartarian Ocean or Mar del Norte on the West the Aethiopian Ocean and the Red Sea and it is divided from Europe by the Mediterranean and Black Sea with the Rivers of Tanais Don or Tana Rha and Obb. It is only parted from Europe by the space of 300 German Miles more or less by these Rivers connected to Africa by a Neck of Land of about 30 Miles and whether the North-East part of it is not united with the North-West part of America could never yet be discovered tho probably there is a streight or narrow Sea between them so that lying in the midst of the other three it was the fittest place to be made the Cradle of Mankind from whence the other were all to be peopled It lies in length from the Hellespont to Malacca the utmost Eastern
which is Munchen Monachium seated on the Isar The Family thereof gain'd the Upper Palatinate by the Peace of Munster He is of the Communion of the Church of Rome and the far greatest part of his Subjects by which and their new Grants and Dignities they are very firmly united to the House of Austria which the present Emperor has improved by Marrying his Daughter to the now Duke of Bavaria Baz Ocite a small Island on the West of Ireland over against the Earldom of Desmond in the Province of Munster North of the Bay of Dingle call'd by the Irish Blasquo Baza Basti a City of the Kingdom of Granada in Spain It was once a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Eluire at which time it was well Fortified but now it is little inhabited and every day decays it stands upon the Borders of the Kingdoms of New Castile and Murcia 6 Leagues from Guadix to the South-East 15 from Granato and Gaen or Jaen to the North-East and 16 from Almeria to the North it is built at the Foot of an Hill in a Valley call'd from it Hoya de Baya by an inconsiderable Brook Bazadois Vasata a small Territory in the Lower Guienne in France which has the River Garonne on the North and West Agenois on the East and Condomois on the South It has its name from Bazas the principal City of it and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Ausch this City stands searce 3 Miles from the River Garonne towards the South 7 from Bourdeaux to the North-East 10 from Condomois and 17 from Ausch It is mentioned by the Antients under the name of Cossium Vasatum Civitas Vasatica and Vasatae Arehosae And likewise the People of the Territory of Bazadois by the name of Vasates who were the same perhaps with the Cocosates of Pliny and Cesar Bazaim Barace a vast Tract of Land but very barren which lies between Egypt and the Kingdom of Tunis in Africa the same which was called Marmarica as Bochart saith § Also a Town in the Kingdom of Guzurate in the hither East-Indies situated upon the Coast of the Gulph of Cambaia 26 Leagues from Daman to the South It has been in the hands of the Portuguese ever since the Year 1534. who have built a good Cittadel with several stately Churches in it and made it a fine Town therefore fuller of Gentry than Goa insomuch that Fidalgos de Bazaim a Gentleman of Bazaim is become a Proverb with the Portuguese Bazano a Mountain of Abruzzo in the Kingdom of Naples in the Territory of Aquila of which mention is made in the Life of S. Justin Bazas See Bazadois Bazois a District in France in the Dukedom of Nivernois Beaconsfield a Market-Town in Buckinghamshire in the Hundred of Burnham on a small Hill Beareford was a small Monastery built by the Danes in Greenland about 300 Years since but now a long time ago deserted and ruined Bearne a fruitful and well Watered Territory in the South of France advanced to the Honor of a Principality It lies at the foot of the Pyrenean Mountains which part it from the Kingdom of Aragon towards the South upon the East it has the County of Bigorre and Armagnac le Noir upon the North Gascogny and upon the West the Kingdom of Navarr This Country had heretofore Princes of its own one of which by a Marriage with Elenora Queen of Navarr united it to that Kingdom Henry IV. brought it to the Crown of France and by a Decree it was annexed for ever to that Kingdom in 1620. Beaucaire a small City in the Province of Languedoc in France upon the River Rhosne right over against Tarascon 4 Leagues from Avignon towards the South and 3 from Arles towards the North most remarkable for its Fairs It is called in Latin Belloquadra This Town was taken and retaken in the Civil Wars of France It had a Castle in it built upon a Rock to the River side which the last King commanded to be demolished Beauce or Beausse Belsia a Province of France that heretofore was of very large extent but is now much less and the Bounds not well known It lies between the Loyre on the South and the Seyn to the North the principal Towns in it are Chartres Chasteaudun Montoir Pluviers Estampes and Vendosme This Province lying so near to Paris a considerable part of it has been taken into the Isle of France The Soil is dry but very fruitful and abounding in all things especially Corn so that it is called totius Galliae Horreum the Store-house or Granary of all France Beauchamp a place near Calais in Picardy The Duke of Somerset is Baron of Beauchamp Beaufort a Castle in the Dukedom of Anjou in France which belonged heretofore to the House of Lancaster and was much beloved by John of Gaunt who caused all his Children that he had by Catharine Swinford to be called Beauforts who were afterwards Dukes of Somerset and Exeter and Earls of Dorset The most noble Henry Somerset late Marquess of Worcester being descended from the antient Dukes of Somerset was December 2. 1682. by Charles II. of most blessed Memory created Duke of Beaufort This Castle lies about 3 Leagues East of Angiers and 2 from the Loyre And is now possessed by the House of Beaumanoir-Lavardin with the inferiour Title of an Earl from the King of France § There is another Beaufort in Champagne this is a small Town but honored above the other with the Title of a Dutchy by Henry le Grand in the year 1597. which Title has been granted by Lewis XIII to the House of Vendosme Beaujalois a small Country contained in the Lyonnois a Province in France with the Title of a Barony It takes its name from the Town Beaujeu in Latin Bdujovium or Beltiecum upon the River Ardiere the same does the House of Beaujeu Beaumaris a Town in the Island of Anglesey with a Port to the River Menay It is called in Latin Bellomariscus and Elects one Burgess for the Parliament Beaumont in Argonne a Town in the little Country of Argonne near the Mense in France It suffered much in the Civil Wars of that Kingdom Beaumont sur Oyse a Town upon the Oyse at the foot of an Hill in the Isle of France about 8 Leagues from Paris towards the North. Beaumont le Roger a Town in the Dukedom of Normandy in France upon the River Rugle Four Leagues from Eureux towards the West and about 6 from Roan towards the South so called from Roger one of its Counts who built or at least enlarged it it having the Honor to give that Title § There is another Town called Beaumont also near the Sea Shoar in the District belonging to Coutance three Leagues West of Cherbourg Beaumont a Town of Hainaut in the Netherlands adorned with the Title of a Dukedom to which belongs a Castle it stands 7 Leagues from Mons to the South-East and 4 from Chimay to the North and about 2 from
of it is to be seen the Bridge of Loyang over the River Loyang 360 Perches long about one and an half broad so curiously contrived with great Pillars instead of Arches and so finely imbellished with Sculptures as no where to find a Parallel in the World Cividad del Roy Philippo a Colony of Spaniards planted in Magellanica at the Mouth of the Streights of Magellan but dissipated by Famine again it being far remote from their Countries and seldom visited Civita Nova a small Town in the Marcha Anconitana in Italy 5 or 6 Miles from Loretto and near the Adriatick upon a Hill dignified with the Title of a Dukedom Civita Busella Bucellum a Town in the hither Abruzzo in the Kingdom of Naples upon the River Sangro Civita Vecchia a famous Port in S. Peter's Patrimony in Italy believed by some to be the Centum Cellae of the Antients Civitella a Town in the farther Abruzzo in the Kingdom of Naples upon a Rock with the River Librata at the Foot of it Besieged by the French in 1557. under the Duke of Guise in vain Clagenfurt Clagenfurtum Claudia the Capital Town of the Dutchy of Carinthia in Germany â— Leagues from the River Drave and the same Distance from S. Veir There is a great Lake near it It is a fortified Town See Klagenfurt Clain Clanis Clitis a River of the Province of Poictou in France which having received the Vonne the ClouÌ„ere c. passes by Poictiers and loses its Name at length in the Vienne below Chasteleraud Clairvaux Clarevallum a famous Abbey of Champaigne upon the River Aube in the Diocese of Langres 5 or 6 Leagues from the said City Founded in the Year 1115. by the Great S. Bernard Himself being the first Abbot Who left above â—00 Religious in it at his Death Hence the Title of Abbas Clarevallensis given that very Divine Person Clare Clarence Clarentia a Country-Village in the County of Suffolk upon the River Stour which divideth Essex from Suffolk about 6 Miles West of Sudbury It had once a Castle but now ruined yet famous for the great Men who have born the Titles of Earls or Duke of it The last of which was George Duke of Clarence Brother to Edward IV. King of England who in 1421. was drowned in a Butt of Malmesey The second King at Arms retains the Surname of Clarencieux as appertaining formerly to the Dukes of Clarence At present the Title of Earl of Clare is in the Family of Hollis § There is also a Town and County in the Province of Connaught in Ireland of this Name the former standing near the Fall of the River Fergus into the Shannon Clarendon or Clarindon is a Noble Country House and Park belonging heretofore to the Kings of England about 2 Miles North of Salisbury in Wiltshire Famous of old for a Parliament here held in 1164. where were made the Constitutions of Clarindon Charles II. of blessed Memory added a new and lasting Honor to this Place when April 20. 1661. three Days before his Coronation he created the Loyal Edward Hide late Lord Chancellor Earl of Clarâ—ndon Viscount Cornbury c. who dying at Roüen in Normandy in 1674. was succeeded by Henry his eldest Son a Person of great Virtue and Goodness Clarentia or Clarenza a Country in the Morea described to contain the antient Achaia properly so called Sicyonia and Corinth Heretofore renowned under particular Dukes of its own The capital City bears the same Name of Clarenza Claros a mountainous Island of the Aegean Sea consecrated in antient times to Apollo Called at present Calamo § The Name of Claros is likewise born by a Town now unknown but mentioned we find amongst the Antients as belonging to the Colophonii in Ionia Apollo having had an Oracle in it and his Attribute thence deriv'd of Clarius Deus Claven Cleven Clavenna a small City in the Valtoline with an Earldom call'd by the Germans the Graffschaft von Cleven This City stands 5 Leagues from the Lake that bears its Name to the North upon the River Maiera called by the French Chiavenne Clausenbourg Claudipolis called by the Inhabitants Coloswar is the principal Town in Transylvania great populous and ennobled with an antient Castle All the Publick Affairs of that Principality are transacted and Justice administred here It stands upon the River Samosch nine German Miles from A'ba Jùlia North and fifteen from Waradin East The Duke of Lorrain put into it an Imperial Garrison Oct. 19. 1687. upon Articles agreed in a peaceable manner by the Magistrates and Governor for the late Prince Abafti Clay a Market-Town in the County of Norfolk and the Hundred of Holt. Clazomenae the Birth-place of the Philosopher Anaxagoras an antient City of Ionia in Asia Minor built in the Year of Rome 98. upon the Aegeun Sea betwixt Smyrna and Chio. Clebuâ—g Mortimer a Market-Town in Shropshire in the Hundred of Stottesden Clerac or Clairac a Town in the County of Agennois in Guyenne in France 4 Leagues from Agen and the same Distance from Nerac It stands upon the River Lot which a little below falls into the Garonne And has a famous Abbey in it Clermont en Argene a Town in the Dukedom of Bar upon the River Ayr four Leagues from Verdun West and seven from Barleduc North-East This belongeth to the Duke of Lorrain but in 1654. was taken from him and annexed to the Crown of France It is honoured with the Title of an Earldom Clermont en Auvergne Arvernae Claromons Claromontium the principal City of the Province of Auvergne and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Bourges It stands upon a declining ground in a Territory called Limaigne which is very fruitful upon the River Tiretaine twenty Leagues South of Moulins and twenty five East of Limoges Here was a General Council celebrated in 1095. under Pope Vrban II. in which the Croisade for the recovery of the Holy Land was concluded and Godfrey of Bouillon declared General of the same Also Philip I. King of France was excommunicated until his repentance for Adultery This is thought to have arisen out of the Ruines of Gergovia an old Roman Town It is honoured with the Title of an Earldom belonging to the Crown ever since the Union of Auvergne with the Crown Clermont on Beauvais a Town in the Isle of France five Leagues South of Beauvais in the North-East Border of that County The Earldom of this place is famous for giving a beginning to the Royal House of Bourbon in the Person of Robert of France Earl of Clormont en Beavais the Son of St. Lewis Clermont de Lodeve a Town in Languedoc upon the River Lorgue four and twenty Leagues from Avignon West So distinguished because standing in the Diocese of Lodeve It gives Name to an Honourable Family and is beautified with a Collegiate Church a Cattle and some Monasteries § There are other Clermonts in this Kingdom One in Danphine in the Territory of Viennois giving the Title of an Earldom
Ravensberg once an Imperial and Free City governed by its own Magistrates but in 1647. taken by the Duke of Brandenburg as Count of Ravensberg of which this was pretended to be a Member In 1673. it was retaken by the French and soon after deserted and restored to that Duke It stands ten German Miles from Munster to the East five from Minden There is in it a Nunnery the Abbess of which is a Princess of the Empire Herzegovina Arcegovina Chulmia Zachulmia Ducatus S. Sabae a Province in Servia called by the Turks Caratze-dag-ili that is the Black VVood by the Inhabitants Herzegovina by the French Le Duché de Saint Saba It is the upper part of the Kingdom of Bosnia lying upon Dalmatia towards the West and South the principal Town in it is S. Saba This was heretofore under Dukes of its own of the Family of Cossa in Venice Hesdin or Hesdin-Fert Hesdinum Hedena a fortified Town in the Borders of Artois upon the River Chanche Quantia which falls into the British Sea below Staple to the North. Built by the Spaniards in 1554. in the place where the Village of Mesnil formerly stood as a Fort against the French who have several times since taken it till in 1659. by the Pyrenean Treaty it was yielded to them It is seated in a Morass eight Miles from Abbevill to the North. Heserwaldt a Forest in the Dukedom of Cleves Hesperia the Name of Spain and Italy amongst some ancient Geographers Hessen See Hassia Hessi the People of Hessen or Hassia which drove out the Chatti and possessed their Land Heszgang the Cataracts of the Danube in Austria beneath Lentz Hethy Ocetis one of the Isles of Orkney called also Hoy. Hetland the same with Shetland another of those Isles Hetruria a large Country in the ancient division of Italy lying betwixt the Tyber the Apennine Mountains the Tyrrhenian Sea and separated from Liguria by the River Macra now Magra It was likewise called Thuscia The present Toscana or Province of Tuscany containing the greatest part of it Heu Itis the same with Assin a small River in Ross in the North-West part of Scotland Hexamili Isthmus Corinthiacus that Neck of Land which joins the Morea to the rest of Greece called thus because it is six Miles over This Passage has been attempted to be cut through to make the Morea an Island by Demetrius Julius Caesar Caligula Nero and after by Herodes Atticus a private Person These all failing it was walled against the Turks by a Grecian Emperour in 1413. By the Venetians in 1224. Amurath II. threw down this Wall in 1463. Mahomet II. in 1465. intirely ruined it though the Venetians had spared neither labour nor charge to fortifie and strengthen it making to the Wall one hundred and thirty six Towers and three Castles In 1687. the Venetians cast out the Turks again and are possessed of it See Morea Herham a Market Town in the County of Northumberland in Tindale Ward upon the River Tyne and the South side of the River Trent This has been anciently a place of great account For in the Infancy of the Saxon Church we read in Bede it was an Episcopal See with the Title of Episcopus Hagulstadiensis in the Person of S. Eata the fifth Bishop of Landisfarne and the first of Hexham to whom afterwards succeeded nine others till the fury of the Danes discontinued it and the Jurisdiction was annexed to the See of York King Henry VIII removed it from that See to the County of Northumberland whereby it became annexed to the Bishoprick of Durham The Church here was scarce inferiour to any in England before the Scots pulled a great part of it down It is fourteen Miles from Newcastle to the East and hath claimed the privilege of being a County Palatine Heydon See Headen Heyssant an Island upon the Coast of Bretagne in France Hiamuen a strong Town in the Province of Fokien in China in a near adjacent Island to the South of Ganhay from whence the Merchandises of China are transported into the Indies and the Philippine Islands It is a considerable Place as well for its Buildings as its Commerce yet the Chinese give it but the Name of a Fort because it is a Garrison Hichan the same with Chios an Island in the Mediterranean Hickling a Market Town in the County of Norfolk in the Hundred of Happing Hidro a Mountain in Otranto in Italy Hielmeer a Lake in Sweden between the Provinces of Suderman and Neritia Hierapolis an ancient Archiepiscopal City of Syria The See was subject to the Patriarch of Antioch Also called Bambyca § There was a second in the Province now called Germian or Phrygia Major in the Lesser Asia which was likewise an Archiepiscopal See under the same Patriarch The Turks call the Ruins of this latter yet extant Bamboukale Hieres Olbia Area a small Town upon the Coast of Provence in France two Leagues from Thoulon which communicates its Name to those Islands in the Mediterranean over against it called the Hieres This was an ancient Colony of the People of Marseilles who then gave it the Name of Olbia from the Happiness of the Soil it stands in and being afterwards changed to Area it thence came to be called Hieres Charles I. King of Jerusalem and Earl of Provence purchased it of the Viscounts of Marseilles being heretofore one of the strongest Garrisons on the Coast of Provence and the ordinary place of embarquation for the Pilgrims to the Holy Land It has been adorned with a Collegiate Church ever since 1572. Hiero-Caesarea an ancient City of Doris in the Lesser Asia so called in honour of Caesar before Hierapolis Tacitus reckons it amongst the twelve Towns to which being in a great part all ruined by an Earthquake in one night Caesar remitted their Tribute for five years to recompence their loss There stood a celebrated Temple here dedicated by Cyrus to Diana L'Hiesmois Oximensis Pagus a Territory in Normandy which takes its Name from Hiesmes a Town in Normandy sixteen Miles from Caen to the South-East and eighteen from Mans to the North. Higham-Ferris a Corporation in the County of Northampton which has the Election of two Parliament-men The Capital of its Hundred It stands upon the Eastern banks of the River Nen with a Bridge over the same a Free-School an Alms-house and anciently a Castle whose Ruins yet are visible Highworth a Market Town in Wiltshire The Capital of its Hundred Hiind Indus the great River in the East-Indies Hildesheim Ascalingium Hildesia Hildesheimum Brennopolis a City in the Lower Saxony which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Mentz erected by S. Lewis the Emperour it is seated upon the River Innerste not above two Miles from the Borders of the Dukedom of Brunswick seven from Zell to the South and six from Hamelen to the East The Bishop being the only Roman Catholick Bishop in all Saxony is the Protector of it which is otherwise a Free Imperial
mostly discovered from this Cape and the Island of Tenedos in the Aegoan Sea stands at the distance of a League from it Ianowitz a small Town in Bohemia where the Swedes in 1645 gained a great Victory over the Imperialists six German Miles from Prague to the North-West towards the Confines of Moravia Iaocheu a great City in the Province of Kiangsi in China with a Territory of the same Name whereof it is the Capital extending its jurisdiction over six other great Towns and particularly remark'd for good Porcelain Ware Iantra See Ischar Iapan Japonia a vast Country in the Eastern Ocean called by the Inhabitants Niphon by the Chinians Gepuen that is the East and from thence by the Europeans Japan On the West it is bounded by the Sea of China which divides it from China and the Island or Promontory of Corea It is supposed to be an Island one hundred and fifty German Miles in length seventy in breadth The Inhabitants are all under one Prince Heathens and sworn Enemies of Christianity which begun to take rooting amongst them by the Preaching of the Portuguese but was extirpated by Fire Sword and the bloodiest Persecution that ever was practised amongst Men. The Dutch who Trade here are secured with the utmost Caution that they may not surprize any part of the Shoar or build any Fort or do any other Act whereby they may settle themselves nor will they permit them to see more of the Country than one small Peninsula or of the Inhabitants than those they Trade with and for a long time they would not permit them to Land Buy or Sell till they had renounced their Christianity This Island lies sixty Leagues from Cantan a Province of China to the East and about three hundred from New Spain in America mountainous and generally barren but it maintains a vast number of Cattle yet the Inhabitants do not know how to make either Butter or Cheese This Island totally unknown to the Ancients was first discovered by Antonio Mota a Portuguese in 1542. The Jesuits in 1556 sent S. Francis Xavier to Preach here who is called therefore the Apostle of Japan at first they had great success insomuch that in the Year 1587 they pretended to have gained two hundred thousand Converts But this lasted not long for about the Year 1622 there began so dreadful a Persecution as is no where to be met with and these new Converts having never been well grounded in their new Religion Apostatized so fast that in seven years there were very few Christians to be found and perhaps at this time none This Country lies in 35 degrees of Lat. In Long. betwixt 171. and 188. The air very healthful and generally cold The Earth affords Gold Silver and Pearl watered by divers Rivers and Lakes with good Ports Some describe it to be a Mass of many Islands going altogether under the Name of Japan and that the three most considerable are Niphonia Ximo and Nicoco The Japonese are jealous fierce pompous in their habits and language sincere in Commerce and ingenious imitators of the Characters and Hyeroglyphicks of the Chinese from whom they descend The principal City is Meaco tho the Emperor of late has resided at Jendo Iapara a Kingdom in the North of the Island of Java in the East-Indies with a City of the same Name which has a good Port. Iappenaw Japodes a small District in Carniola under the Emperor Iaracazes Canea two Rocks at the entrance of the Euxme Sea in the Propontis Iaretta Terias Simethus the greatest River in the Island of Sicily it falls into the Sea three Miles from Catania to the South West Iarnac Jarnacum a small Town in Angoulmois upon the River Charente dignified with the Title of an Earldom between Angoulesme to the East and Saintes to the West eight Miles from either memorable for a Battel here fought in the Year 1569 betwixt the Roman Catholicks and Huguenots in which the old Prince of Condy who commanded the latter was slain by one Montesque a Captain under the Duke of Anjou afterwards K Henry III. the head of the Catholicks tho he offered one hundred thousand Crowns for his Ransom and the Hugenots defeated after a bloody Fight of ten hours continuance Iaromitz a small Town in Bohemia upon the Elbe twelve Miles from Prague to the East Iaroslaw a pleasant Town in Red Russia belonging to the Poles upon the River Sane with a Castle forty five Polish Miles from Warsaw to the South thirty five from Cassovia to the North-East and twenty from Lemburg to the North-West near this place the Swedes gave the Poles a fatal overthrow in 1656. In 1625. it suffered much by Fire Iaroslaw a great City in Muscovy which is the Capital of a Dukedom of the same Name and has in it a Timber Castle it is seated upon the Wolga thirty German Miles South of Wolgda thirty seven North of Moscho The Dukedom of Jaroslaw is very great and lies between that of Wologda to the North Rostow to the South and the River Wolga to the East Governed by a Prince of its own till John Basilovits Duke of Russia Conquered it and annexed it to his own Dominions Since that it has been given to the eldest Son of the Duke of Muscovy as his Title and Residence Iarrow a Town in the Bishoprick of Durham in Chester Ward deserving a remark for being the Birth place of the Venerable Bede Iarsey Caesarea an Island on the Coast of Normandy and part of the Dukedom of Normandy but now annexed to the County of Southampton This and Guernsey being all that is left to the Kings of England of their great Dominions in France from the Shoars of which it lies about five Miles to the West and thirty from those of England to the South The Inhabitants speak a Norman kind of French There are in it twelve Parishes and two Gastles Montorgueil and Elizabeth This Island was one of the last that yielded to the prevailing Rebels not without force in October 1651. after the Kings return to France from the Battel of Worcester The same Prince in 1663. sent them a Silver Mace to be born before their Chief Magistrate as a remembrance of this their fidelity to him in his greatest distress Iasque a Principality of the Kingdom of Persia upon the Borders of the Province of Kherman extended along the Sea Coast from thence betwixt the Cape Jasque and Cape Guadel which two are the most Southern points of Persia and possessed by three petty Princes of whom the chief takes the Style of the Prince of Jasque This Prince after the Conquest of Ormus by Cha-Abas I. K. of Persia paid a yearly tribute to that Crown which being remitted in the Reign of Cha-Sephi his Successor Cha-Abas II. endeavoured by War to compel the Prince of Jasque again to pay the same but in his attempts was beaten Jassy or Yassi Jassium a City of Walachia called by the French Jas upon the River Pruth
it Lepseck and Lasipio the Europeans Lampsaco It is now in a tolerable good Condition and the See of an Archbishop Xerxes King of Persia gave the Revenues of this City to Themistocles the Athenian in his Banishment to find him Wine It consists of about two hundred Houses inhabited partly by Turks partly by Christians It has a very fine Mosque whose Portico is supported by Red Marble Pillars the same was formerly a Christian Church as appears by the Crosses that yet remain on the Capitals of the Pillars This City has even at this day a great many fine Vineyards especially on the South-side fenced in with Pom granate Trees Wheeler p. 76. In the antient Roman Times the God Priapus was revered here In the Year of Christ 364 the Demi-Arrians in a Council at this City condemned the Forms of Faith that had been published by the Councils of Rimini and Constantinople confirming another made by the Council of Antioch in 341. There was also a second Synod assembled here about the Year 369. Lampura Selampura a City of India beyond Ganges mentioned by Ptolemy Lancashire Lancastria is a part of that Country which was of old possessed by the Brigantes This County has Westmorland and Cumberland on the North Yorkshire on the East Cheshire on the South and the Irish Sea on the West In length from North to South fifty seven Miles in breadth thirty two containing twenty six Market Towns sixty one Parishes and many Chappels of Ease equal for the multitude of Inhabitants to Parishes Watered with the Rivers Mersey Rible Son all three running from East to West into the Irish Sea and the first serving as a Boundary betwixt this County and Cheshire besides the great Lakes of Merton and Winder which last divides it from Westmorland Where the ground is plain and champaign it yieldeth good store of Wheat and Barley the foot of the Hills is fitter for Oats All is tolerably useful and good except the Mosses or Bogs which yet afford excellent Turffs for firing There is also Marle in many places and in some Trees are found under Ground which have lain there many Ages This County is a Palatinate and has many Royal Privileges belonging to it In the time of Henry of Bullingbroke afterwards King of England the fourth of that name and first of Lancaster the half of the Lands of Bohun Earl of Hereford Essex and Northampton being added to what before belonged to the Honor of this County which was then a Dukedom it became the richest Patrimony that was in the hand of any one Subject in Christendom and in that Prince's Person it was annexed to the Crown of England and never since granted to any Subject whatsoever Lancaster Alione Mediolanum Lancastria The Town which gives name to this County stands on the South Bank of the River Lunne or Lone from which it is supposed to be denominated five Miles from the Irish Seas and towards the Northern Bounds of the County It seems to Mr. Cambden to be the Longovicum of the Romans which was one of their Military Stations Not overmuch peopled and consequently not extraordinarily rich It has a small but fair and strong Castle built on a Hill near the River and one large fair Parish Church with a S one Bridge of five Arches over the River Lon. This Town in 1322. was burnt by the Scots in an inroad they made into England and although it is thereby removed into a better Situation yet it may be presumed to be the less at this day for that Calamity Of the House of Lancaster abovementioned Henry the Fourth Fifth Sixth and Seventh inherited the Crown of England The last of which marrying Elizabeth Daughter and Heiress to Edward IV. of the House of York united those two Houses of York and Lancaster whose competition for the Crown under the names of the Red and the White Roses had caused the effusion of more English Blood than was spent in the Conquest of France Lancaster stands in the Hundred of Loynsdale and returns to the Parliament two Burgesses Long. 20. 48. Lat. 54. 05. Lanceston or Launceston the County Town of Cornwall in the Hundred of East upon the banks of the little River Kensey not far from its fall into the Tamer Well inhabited marketed and traded It returns to the House of Commons two Burgesses Lanciano or Lansano Anxanum the capital City of the hither Abruzzo in the Kingdom of Naples and an Archbishop's See built five Miles from the Adriatick two from the River Saras now il Sangro about eighty from Naples to the North and a little more from Ancona to the South This City was raised to the Dignity of an Archbishoprick in 1562 and built as is supposed upon the Ruins of the antient Anxanum Long. 38. 55. Lat. 42. 27. Landaff Landava Landuvia a small City and Bishops See in Glamorganshire in Wales seated on the North side of the River Taff. over which it has a Bridge about three Miles from the Irish Sea to the North. The Cathedral and Bishoprick hereof was founded by S. Germanus and Lupus two Holy French Bishops who came twice into Britain to extinguish the Pelagian Heresie about the Year 522. They preferred Dubricius a holy Man to this new-founded See to whom Meuricke a British Lord freely gave all the Land that lies between the Taff and Eleâ— But this See has since met with others of a contrary temper who have reduced it to that Poverty that it is scarce able to maintain its Bishop The present Dr. William Beaw is the LXXVI Bishop consecrated in 1679. June 22. Many Synodal Constitutions we find in the Councils were made and published by the Bishops of this See in antient times Landaw Landavia a City of Germany in the Lower Alsatia in the Territory of Wasgow upon the River Queich in the Confines of the Palatinate of the Rhine four Leagues from Spire to the West Once an Imperial and Free City but by the Treaty of Munster yielded to the French who still have it L'andramiti Adramytium a City of Phrygia in the Lesser Asia which is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Ephesus called by the Europeans Andromiti by the Turks Endroinit in which word there is a further account of it Landrecy Landrecium a City in Hainault small but well fortified It is seated at the Fountain of the River Sambre Sabis six Leagues from Valenciennes to the North-East and two from the Borders of Picardy to the North. This has been made at once famous and miserable by the frequent Sieges it has suffered of late But by the Pyrenean Treaty it was put into the hands of the French The Emperor Charles V. besieged it in 1542. for six months with fifty thousand Men and retired from it at last without success The Lands End Antivestaeum Bolerium Ocrinum the most Western Cape or Promontory of England in the County of Cornwal Landshut Landshutum a City of Germany in the Lower Bavaria in the Marquisate of
inhabited by any but the Wild Arabs though prodigiously fruitful and that he frequently met the ruins of great Cities buried in their own Rubbish whose Memorial was perished with them Lisonzo See Isonzo Lissa an Island belonging to Dalmatia thirty Miles South of Lesina Lissus a River of Thrace said by Herodotus to be drunk dry by Xerxes's Army § This is likewise the ancient Name of the Town Fionissi in Canadia which Strabo calls Lictus See Fionissi And of another in Albania near the Bay of Drin now called Alessio Listra Lystra a City of Lycaonia in the Lesser Asia mentioned in the Acts of the Apostles It lies forty Miles from Cogni Iconium to the West and was once a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Iconium but is now totally ruined and desolate Lita Lete a City of Macedonia upon the Gulph of Thessalonica which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Thessalonica two Miles from it to the South Lithquo See Linlithgo Lithuania a Province and Grand Dukedom belonging to the Kingdom of Poland called by the Inhabitants Litwa by the Germans Littawen by the Poles Litewsky which was heretofore a part of Sarmatia Europaea This Country imbraced the Christian Faith in 1386. Jagellon Grand Duke of Lithuania being made King of Poland and in 1569. this Dukedom was for ever united to the Kingdom of Poland It is bounded on the East by Moscovy or great Russia on the North by the same in part and by Livonia and Samogitia on the West by Poland properly so called and Mozâ—via on the South by Red Russia The Dukedom of Czernichow did heretofore belong to this Province which is now under the Russ The principal Cities are Breslaw Brest Grodno Minsko Mohilow Noovogrodook Poloczk Troki Wilne or Vilna the Capital and Witebsk This is the greatest Province belonging to that Kingdom being in length from the River of Polet to Dassow two hundred and sixty German Miles and in breadth between the Niemen or Memel and the Nieper eighty It is all overspread with Woods Forests and Marshes which since the times of Sigismond I. have yet been very much improved The Air is exceeding cold and the Inhabitants as barbarous Their language is a dialect of the Sclavonick and their Frontiers have been often desolated by the incursions of the Tartars and Moscovites Livadia Lebadia Creusa a City of Boeotia which from this City is now called Livadia It is seated upon a River which falls into a Lake of the same name but was anciently called Cephissus Mr. Wheeler who had seen this Place saith It is an ancient City and still called by its ancient name the Greeks pronouncing B as we do the V Consonant The ancient buildings are yet remaining we found saith he several Inscriptions to the same purpose it is situate about a pointed Hill on the top of which is an old Castle on the N. side of the high Cliffs of a Mountain of a moderate height which I took to be part of the Helicon till I found it afterwards parted from it by a Valley therefore I now take it to be Mount Tilphusium This City stands fifteen Leagues from Delphis now Salona to the East From this City all that part of Greece which was anciently called Achaia is now called Livadia lying from Negropont in the East to the Ionian Sea West having Thessalia on the North the Gulph of Lepanto the Hexamilia and the Bay of Corinth on the South in which stand Lepanto Salona Livadia and Athens Livenza Liquentia a River in the State of Venice which ariseth in the borders of Bellunese and flowing South separates the Marquisate of Treviso from Friuli then falls into the Venetian Gulph twenty Miles from Venice to the South East Livonia called by the Inhabitants Lieâ—land by the Poles Inflanty by the French Livonie is a great and cultivated Province of the Kingdom of Poland ever since it was taken from the Knights of the Teutonick Order but the greatest part of it has since been taken from them by the Swedes It is bounded on the North by the Bay of Finland on the West with the Bay of Riga both parts of the Baltick Sea on the South with Samogithia and Lituania and on the East with Ingria and Pleskow two Provinces belonging to the Russ It is divided into four Counties Esten Esthonia Curland Semigallen and Letten Esten is under the Swede and also Letten except a little part towards the East which the Russ have Curland and Semigallen are subject to a Duke who is a Feudatary of the Crown of Poland there belong to it also Oesel and Dagho two Islands in the Baltick Sea which were possessed by the Dane till in 1645. by a Treaty at Bromsbro they were yielded to the Swede The chief Towns in it are Narva Parnaw Revel Riga the Capital Derpt and Wolmer It s length from Narva to Memmel is ninety German Miles its breadth from the Sea to Dodina sixty It produceth Wheat in abundance which the Dwina and Narva bring down to Riga and Narva for Exportation Its Forests abound with wild Boars Bears c. which come over the Narva out of Russia This People being then Barbarous began to imbrace the Christian Faith about 1161. Meinradus became their first Bishop in 1190. The way of Instruction being thought too slow by his Successors Albertus one of them instituted an Order of Knights to Bang them into Christianity which were called the Livonian Order but in time united with the Teutonick in 1237. About 1525. these two Orders were again parted by Albert Duke of Brandenburgh and Sigismond King of Poland put an end to them in 1587. In 1617. the Swedes became Masters of this Country In 1634. the Muscovites ceded all their right to it to Ladislaus K. of Poland who by the treaty of Stumsdorf confirmed the Swedes in the possession of as much as they held on the North of the Dwina for twenty six years All which was entirely yielded to them in 1660. by the peace of Oliva Livorno See Ligorne Lizaine Liricinus a River in Normandy The Lizard Point the furthest South-West Point or Cape of the Goon-hilly Downes in Cornwal which is a tract pretty large shooting forth from the main Land into the South Sea In Latin called Danmoniorum Promontorium Lizza Laodicea Llanbeder a Market Town in Cardiganshire in Wales in the Hundred of Moythen Llandaff Landava a small City and a Bishops See in the County of Clamorgan in South Wales seated upon the West side of the River Taff three Miles to the North from the Sea This Bishoprick was Founded by Germanus and Lupus two Holy French Bishops about 522. And Dubricius a Holy Man was made the first Bishop to whom Meuricke a British Lord freely gave all the Land that lieth between the Taff and the Elei But one Kitchin a Bishop about the time of the Reformation so wasted the Revenue that it will scarce maintain its Bishop Dr. William Beaw the seventy sixth Bishop is the present
Champagne sixteen from Reims North and four from Marle South often mentioned on the account of a Peace here made between Henry IV. of France and Philip II. of Spain May 2. 1598. Uerâ—lam Verolamium an ancient Roman City and Colony mentioned by Tacitus and Ptolemy in Hartfondshire the Royal City of Cassibellanus a British Prince contemporary with Julius Caesar by whom this City was taken fifty two years before the Birth of our Saviour in his second Expedition into Britain In the year of Christ 66. it was taken and intirely ruined by Boadicia Queen of the Iceni and all the Romans put to the Sword yet it recovered again and flourished as long as the Romans continued in Britain and under Dioclesian had one famous Martyr called Albanus In 429 there was a British Synod held here by S. German Bishop of Auxerre in France against the Pelagians Soon after it fell into the Hands of the Saxons I suppose about 465. Retaken by Vthe Pendragon who began his Reign in 498. and Reigned eighteen years Again retaken by the Saxons and intirely ruined In 975. Offa King of the Mercians built on the other side the little River Ver which washed the Walls of it a goodly Monastery in Honour of S. Alban which after became a great Town K. James I. revived the Memory of this place when he made Sir Francis Bacon then Lord Chancellour of England Lord Verulam in 1620 who dying without Issue the Title failed but he yet honors the place by lying buried in a little Church near it Veruli or Veroli Verulum a City in Campania di Roma under the Dominion of the Pope which is a Bishops See and now in a tolerable condition upon the River Cosa forty eight Miles from Rome to the South and from Capua to the North sixty from Pescara West Vesere See Weser Vesle Vidula a River of Champagne which ariseth three Leagues from Chaalons to the East and watering Reims falls into the Aisne Vesoul Vesulum a small but neat City in the Franche Comté nine Leagues from Besanzon and thirteen from Beaucaire West Now in the Possession of the French Vesprin Vesprinum Vesprimium a City of the Lower Hungary called by the Inhabitants Vesprim by the Germans Weisbrun It is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Gran. The Capital of a County of the same name strong and populous and defended by a Castle Seated on the River Sarwize eleven German Miles from Gran South and five from Alba Regalis West This has been in the hands of the Emperour ever since 1565. Vesulus one of the Cottian Alpes betwixt Dauphine to the West and Piedmont to the East Now called Mont viso The River Po derives its head from it Vesuvius a Vulcanoe in the Terra di Lavoro in the Kingdom of Naples eight Miles from the City Naples near the Castle of Somma from which last place the Italians give it the name of il Monte di Somma The particular times of its overflowing with stormes of fire are all recorded in History since our Saviour and the Reign of Augustus viz. in the years 81. 243. 421. 985. 973. 983. 1036. 1038. 1138. 1139. 1430. 1500. 1631 1660. 1682. Where the Intervals sometimes continue two or three hundred years at others not above one two and ten In its last rupture in 1682. Aug. 14. it covered the whole Dukedom of Massa adjacent with ashes of a nauseous odour and set on fire the wood of Otajano The twentieth it caused an Earthquake of three hours continuance which reached to Naples The twenty second it cast forth floods of smoak ashes coals attended with a roaring noise Flames Earthquake and Thunder the Flames ran from it unextinguished in the midst of vast storms of Rain filling Naples with Ashes And on the 24th it ended in a cloud of white ashes Before the Reign of Augustus we read of its ruptures five times The Elder Pliny was suffocated as he searched the causes thereof upon the place Veteravie See Weteraw Veuxin Vexin Velocasses a Territory in Normandy betwixt the Rivers Apte and Ardelle the Capital of which was Roan but now Gisors § There is another in the Isle of France of the same name between the Oyse and the Apte the Capital of which is Pontoise This for distinction is called Vexin Francois and the other Vexin Normand § There is a City of the same name in Gothland in the Kingdom of Sweden Vezelay Veseliacum Vizeliacum a City in the Dukedom of Burgundy in Auxerre upon the River Curez in the Borders of Nivernois ten Leagues from Auxerre to the South eighteen from Nevers to the South-East and five from Corbie in Picardy to which Province this City is now added P. Eugenius III. celebrated a Council here in 1145. for the recovery of the Holy Land Vgenti Vgento Vxentum a small City in the Province of Otranto in the Kingdom of Naples twenty Miles from Otranto to the North-West and eleven from Gallipoli to the East Long. 42. 28. Lat. 39. 56. Vgogh Vgoza a County in the Vpper Hungary towards the Tibiscus and the Borders of Transylvania The Capital of it is a Castle of the same name Two German Miles from Zatmar to the East and a little more from the Tibiscus W. Viana a City in Navarre upon the River Ebro thirteen Leagues from Pampelune and seven from Calahorra in Castile to the South-West Built by Sancius King of Navarre in 1219. In 1423. made a Principality by Charles III. and ever after given to the Prince of Navarre as his Title Viatka a City River and Province in Muscovy one hundred and twenty Miles from Cazan to the North. Viburg Viburgum a City in Sweden the Capital of Carelia and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Riga one hundred and sixty Miles from Narva to the North upon the Bay of Finland on which it has a Haven and a strong Castle The Muscovites have several times in vain assaulted it Vicenza or Vincenza Vicentia Vicetia Vincentia a City in the States of Venice in Lombardy which is a Bishops See under the Patriarch of Aquileja a great strong City under the Republick of Venice upon the River Bachiglione Eighteen Miles from Padoua thirty from Verona East and from Feltria South Taken by Maximilian in 1509. Long. 33. 40. Lat. 44. 50. It was inhabited anciently by the Euganei The Gauls were Benefactors to it The Romans and the Lombards possessed it each in the times of their Power It fell to the Venetians not till after great revolutions and divers Wars The pleasantness of its situation gives it the Title of the Garden of Venice It is the Capital of the Territory of the Vincentine In 1583. and 1623. Synods were assembled here Vich Vicus Aquae Voconiae Ausa Nova Corbio a small City in Catalonia which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Tarragona Seated upon the River Tera twelve Leagues from Barcellone to the North and nine from Girone to the West In 1627. a Synod was
almost Desert by reason of the Sands and venomous Creatures and want of Water it is almost twice as big as Europe Afrique Africa the Aphrodisium of the Antients a Town and Port in Barbary in the Kingdom of Tunis 20 Leagues from Mahometa Charles V. took it from the King of Morocco and demolish'd it Aga or Agag a Kingdom with a City of the same Name in the Upper Aethiopia Agades a Kingdom with a City of the Name in Nigritia in Africa tributary to the King of Tombut Agan or Pagan an Islet in the Eastern Ocean betwixt Chomocoan and Guagan where the famous Portegueze Magellan was assassinated as he was going in search of the Moluccaes Aganara or Aganagare a City on this side the Ganges in the East-Indies remembred by Ptolomy Aganippe a Fountain in Boeotia in Greece celebrated by the antient Poets Agaosi a People in the Kingdom of Bagamedri in the Upper Aethiopia The Agarens or Hagarens a People of Arabia Foelix descended from Agar and Ismael who went to war with the Tribes of Ruben Gad and Manasse in the time of Saul Their capital City is called after their own Name Agarena or Agranum When they revolted from the Roman Empire under Trajan that Emperor attempted the Reduction of them without success and since Mahomet was born amongst them they have been of his Religion Agarus Sagaris a River of the European Sarmatia which falls into the Danube in Moldavia now call'd Stiret according to Ortelius Agathyrse Agatyrium Agathyrna an antient City and Promontory in Sicily The Promontory is the same with that they now call Cape d'Orlando Agathyrses an antient People of Scythia applauded by Historians for their Hospitality to one another Agde a City in Languedoc in France the Bishop of which is a Suffragan to the Archbishop of Narbone It is a fine and well built place seated at the mouth of the River Eraud which there falls into the Mediterranean Sea Agdus a famous Rock upon the Frontiers of Phrygia in Asia Minor Agen a City and Bishoprick in Guienne in France under the Archbishop of Bourdeaux and the Capital of the County of Agennois which gives the Title of an Earl It stands upon the Garonne where it receives on the opposite side the River L'Egers It is large beautiful and one of the best Cities of Aquitain being also the Birth-place of Joseph Scaliger about 15 Leagues from Bourdeaux to the North-East Aggerhuis a Province of Norway so called from a Castle in it It is bounded on the East with the Kingdom of Sweden on the South with the Sound on the West with the County of Bergen and on the North with that of Drontheim from which last it is separated by the Mountain Sevone It reacheth in length from the North to the South 240 Miles The chief Cities of it are Ansloga Fredericstad Saltzbeg and Tonâ—bâ—g The whole of it is under the King of Denmark Agion Oros Athos a Mountain in Macedonia in the Province of Jamboli call'd by the Italians il Monte Santo by the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Holy Mount It runs into the Aegean Sea like a Peninsula it is joyned to the Continent by a Neck of Land of an Italian Mile and half which Herodotus saith was cut through by Xerxes It is 90 Miles in compass called by the Turks Scididag and Monastir by reason of the vast numbers of Monasteries in it being about 24 Cloisters of Caloirs or Greek Monks the chief of which are Garopedos and Agias Laura in which two are 600 Monks in all 5000. Most of these Monasteries are fortified to secure them from Pirats From hence the Patriarch of Constantinople fetches most of the Bishops he needs for his Patriarchate it being now the School or University of all Greece the Monks are all of the Order of S. Basil This Mountain lies between the Bay of Strymon on the North and that of Singo to the South Agira Agurium Argirium and Agnina Vrbs is a City in Sicily near Mount Aetna The Birth-place of Diodorus Siculus now called San Philippo d'Argirone Aglie a celebrated Castle in the Province of Canavois in Savoy which gives a Name to one of the most illustrious Houses in that Country Agmet the Emere of Ptolomy an antient City in the Province of Marocco sometime the Seat of that Empire and very populous and strong before Marocco was built Agmundesham a Corporation seated upon a small River which falls into the Isis a little above Vxbridge in the County of Bucks It sends two Burgesses to our Parliament and is not otherwise remarkable to my knowledge It stands 9 Miles from Vxbridge to the North-West and about 8 from Maidenhead to the North-East Agnabet or Agnetlin one of the principal Towns of Transylvania seated upon the River Harbach which falls into the Alt. In this place Q. Isabella assembled a Diet for the preservation of her Son which Martinsius dissolved and began a War upon his Master which ended in both their ruins Agno Clanus a River of Campania in Italy call'd afterwards Liris it riseth in Mount Tiphate and flowing West between Avella and Nola entereth Terra di Lavoro makes the Lake of Linterna and at last ends in the Sea of Tuscany between the Ruins of Cuma and the Mouth of the River Voltorno Agnone a Town in the Province of Abruzzo in Italy understood by some to be the antient Aquilonia Agobel a City in the Kingdom of Tremissen in Barbary understood by some to be the Victoria of Ptolomy Also another in the Province of Hea in the Kingdom of Marocco Agol a City in the Upper Aethiopia towards the Mountain Amara Agore Agorum a small City upon the River Cordevol in the Dominions of the Republick of Venice Agouges or D'Agouges a small River of Auvergne in France which falls into the Allier a little above San Porzain Agouste Augusta a City in Sicily built by Frederick the Emperor in 1229 upon a Peninsula which in the last Age was turned into a little Isle with a Bridge to communicate betwixt it and the Continent It has a very large Haven defended by 3 Cittadels to the Sea Taken by the French in 1675. and abandon'd by them in 1678. Agout Acutus a small River in Languedoc in France washing the two Cities of Castres and Lavaur it falls into the River Tarne Agra or Agara a new City seated in a Province of the same Name in India beyond Ganges It is the Capital of the Moguls Empire and his residence a rich and beautiful City built by Ekebar one of his Predecessors in the last Age upon the River Gemini It is of a vast circuit and adorned with a stately Palace on the other side of the River lies another City called Serandra which is well built and but a kind of Suburb to Agra Agragas See Gergenti Agramont Agramontium a Town in Catalonia in the Plain of Vrgel between Solsona and Lerida Agreable an Island in the Kingdom of Fez form'd by the
Mart 1300 German Miles its breadth between the Mouth of the Red Sea and the supposed Streights of Aman is 1220 Miles now divided into five principal Parts 1 Tartary 2 China 3 India 4 Persia 5 and the Turkish Empire Asia Minor See Natolia Asine the same with Anchora Asoph Tanais called Azack or Azeck by the Inhabitants la Tana by the Italians is a City of the Precopensian Tarters at the Mouth of the River Tanais which cuts the City into two parts and then immediately falls into the Lake of Moeotis It has a large Haven and a strong Castle which stands by the River taken by the Muscovites anno 1638. which upon false Accusation cost Cyrillus Lucaris Patriarch of Constantinople his Life but it was re-taken by the Turks who are now Masters of it the Town is square and built at the foot of a Hill in 67 d. of Long. and 54. 30. of Lat. Asopus the name of 3 Rivers one in Achaia now called Arhon the second in the Morea and the third in Asia minor near Laodicea Aspe a Valley of the Canton of Bearn in Switzerland watered by the Gave de Oleron It s principal Town is Accous Asphaltites or the Dead Sea by the Arabians sometimes called Baar Lout that is the Sea of Lot in Memory of his Deliverance is a Lake of Judaea in the same place where formerly the Cities of Sodom and Gomorrah were consumed The Rivers Jordan Arnon and others fall into it 580 Furlongs long and 150 broad according to Josephus They say no Fish can live in it for the Bituminousness of its Water and that nothing ever grows upon its Banks Assasiniens a People formerly inhabiting about 12 Towns in Phaenicia near Tyre under a King of their own Electing Whilst they paid a Tribute to the Templers they offered to turn Christians to be discharged of the same but the Templers refused it which says William of Tyre has been the cause of the ruine of Religion in the East In 1231 Lewis of Bavaria was assassinated by these People In 1257 the Tartars came upon them and killed their Antient or King and took their Towns and we have had no further account of them ever since Assinarius a River of Sicily See Falconara Assinshire Assinus a County in the North-western part of Scotland it has Strathnavern on the North the Mountains of Marble and Alabaster on the East Rosse on the South and the Irish Sea on the West This is properly a part of the County of Rosse and therefore little is said of it Assisi Aesisium Assisium a City of Vmbria in the Patrimony of St. Peter it is a Bishops See built on a Hill 5 Miles from the River Asio L'Assumption Assumptio a small new City in the Southern America near the River of Plate in Paragua it is a Bishops See under the Archbishop de la Plata Assyria the first of all the Empires and Kingdoms in the World It subsisted for 1300 years under 37 Kings or according to the computation of others for 1484 years under 41 Kings that is from Nimrod and Ninus the first of which reigned at Babylon in the year of the World 1879 the other at Ninive down to Sardanapalus who burnt himself in 3178. 876 years before the coming of our Saviour Now it is a Province of Asia called otherwise Mosul and Arzerum between Diarbeck and Persia under the Grand Seignior See Mosul Asta a City and Roman Colony lying between Piedmont and Montferrat it is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Milan well fortified with a strong new Castle belonging to it once a Commonwealth then it became a part of the Dukedom of Milan and was under the Viscounti being disjoyned from that Dukedom in the year 1531. after various changes itfell into the hands of the Duke of Savoy who is still Master of it It is 15 Miles distant from Casal to the South § There is another City of the same name in Andalusia and another in the East-Indies in the Kingdom of Decan Astabat a City of Armenia upon the Frontiers of Persia within a League of the River Aras not great but very beautiful and enriched with excellent Wine Astaces the antient name of a River in the Kingdom of Pontus in Asia Minor Astachar Astacara a City of Persia upon the River Bendemir near the Ruins of Persepolis which was once the Capital of the Kingdom of Persia but is now decaying Astarac or Estarac Astaracensis tractus a little County 7 or 8 Leagues long in the Province of Gascoigne in France Asterabath or Sterabath Asterabatia a City and Province of Persia towards the Caspian Sea The City stands 20 Leagues from Gorgian Astetlan a Province of the new Kingdom of Mexico in America upon the Coast of the Vermiglian Ocean Astora Astura Augusta a City and Bishoprick in the Kingdom of Leon in Spain 9 Miles from Leone the Archbishops See to the South This City is also called Astorga Astracan Astracanum the Capital City of a Tartarian Kingdom in Asia near the Mouth of the River Rha or rather Wolga where it falls into the Caspian Sea it is built in an Island made by that River about 25 German Miles from the Sea-shoar and has been in the Hands of the Muscovites ever since the Year 1554. before which time it had Kings of its own The Kingdom of Astracan is a considerable part of the Czar's Dominion it lies in Tartaria Deserta from the Head of the River Rha to the Caspian Sea and extends West to the River Tanais which parts it from the Precopensian Tartars It was conquered by Johannes Basilovits Emperor of Muscovy Asturia was once a Kingdom but is now a part of the Kingdom of Leon in Spain it lieth in length from Biscay to Galaesia The eldest Son of the King of Castile is stil'd Prince of the Asturia's it being divided into two parts as the English Prince is of VVales of which this is an Imitation as also the Delphinate in France Atacama a Desart in the Province of los Charcas in the Kingdom of Peru in America along the Coast of the Pacifick Ocean Atad Caucasus a Mountain in Asia much celebrated by the antient Poets § Also a Country beyond Jordan in the Holy Land where the obsequies of the Patriarch Jacob were performed by his Children Gen. 50. 10. Atavillos a People of Peru. Atha a River of Germany in the Dukedom of Bavaria which falls in the Danube a little above Ingolstad Athamania a Country of Epirus between Acarnania Aetolia and Thessalia free and under Princes of its own till it submitted to Philip King of Macedon Athamas a River of Aetolia in Greece with a Mountain of the same name from whence it springs Aeth Athum a small but strong Town in the Province of Henalt upon the River Dender Tenera which falls into the Schelde 2 Leagues distant from the Confines of Flanders 5 East from Tournay Taken in 1667. by the French and by the Treaty of
English Parliament Berytis or Barut an antient City of Phaenicia in Asia upon the Mediterranean Sea and sometime an Archbishoprick under the Patriarch of Antioch For in the 16th Session of the great Council of Chalcedon we find the Bishop of Berytis taking the Title of a Metropolitan In the year 1110. Baldwin I. King of Jerusalem redeemed this City out of the hands of the Saracens and settled particular Governors over it till it became united with the Crown of Jerusalem in whose ruin it received its own and all the subsistance it now enjoys depends upon an inconsiderable little Commerce Ibas Bishop of Edessa was accused in a Council here in 448. of Arrianisme and of treating S. Cyril as an Heretick but acquitted Besagno Feritor a small River which riseth out of the Apennine Hills and falls by the Walls of Genoua into the Mediterranean Sea Besanzon Bisontio Vesintio a City of Burgundy in France which is an Archbishops See upon the River Doux Dubis an University and has a Castle built of later times Taken by the Spaniard in 1654 retaken by the French in 1668. and in 1674. and finally left to them by the Treaty of Nimeguen in 1678. Once an Imperial free City made so by Henry I. in 1651. exempted from the Empire and granted to the Spaniards The Court of Parliament for the Dutchy of Burgundy sits here it stands 15 Leagues from Montbelliard to the North-West 20 from Dijon to the North-East Joannes Chifletius wrote a particular Description and History of this City The old Roman names of Campus Martius Vicus Veneris Vicus Castoris Mons Jovis and the like to several quarters within and without it continue to this day in French as le Champ Mars Rue de Venie Rue de Chasteur Mont Jouot c. Abundance of Urns Medals Inscriptions Vessels and Instruments of Sacrifice are daily found here The Ruins of the Triumphal Arch erected for the Emperor Aurelian in 274 are yet to be seen which are undeniable marks of its being Antient as now notwithstanding all former Misfortunes it is also a flourishing Place Besbre Besbria a small River in the Dukedom of Bourbone which washeth the principal City and then falls into the Loire Besecath one of the Names of Africa Beses Besos Baetulo a small River of Catalonia in Spain which falls into the Mediterranean Sea between Badelona and Barcelona There stands a small Town call'd Beson by it once Betulo from it Besiers Bliterae Buterae a City of Languedoc in France upon the River Orbe which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Narbone a fine and well built place not above 2 Leagues from the Mediterranean Sea to the North 11 from Mompellier to the West and 3 from Pezenas Bessarabia is a small Territory between Podolia to the North Moldavia to the West the Danube to the South and the Black Sea to the East Formerly a part of Moldavia but in 1485. Bajazet II. Conquered it and annexed it to his Empire under which it has been ever since the chief Town of it is Moncastrum a very strong Town taken by the Turks then also It is called Budziack by the neighbouring Tartars and by that Name is best known to the present times Bestercze or Bestricze Bistricia a City of Transilvania It stands in a very large Plain upon a River of the same Name which 2 Miles further takes in the Saio 5 German Miles North-East from Burgles and 15 from Weissenburg to the North-West It is little and ill built Beta a River of South America in the Country of Paria which falls into the River Orenock Betanzos Flavium Brigantium a small City in Gallicia in Spain seated upon the North side of the River Mandeu 11 Miles from Mondonnedo to the East Betawe or Betau a small Territory contain'd in the Dutchy of Guelderland in the States of the Vnited Provinces It seems to retain the Name of the antient Batavi who had their Habitations here Nimeguen stands in it Betente an Island near Naples call'd by the antients Parthenope Bethany Bethania an antient Town and Castle of Palestine near Jerusalem of everlasting Fame for the Resurrection of Lazarus from his Grave at the Command of our Saviour here John 11. There was another Bethany beyond Jordan Bethel that is in the Hebrew The House of God according to the Interpretation of Jacob's Dream Gen. 28. 17. 19. was a City of Samaria call'd Luz till the Patriarch chang'd its name Here Jeroboam erected his Idols In derision whereof it was afterwards call'd Bethaven that is The House of Iniquity says S. Jerom in Oseam Ch. 4 and 5. Josias destroy'd those Idols Bethlehem that is in the Hebrew The House of Bread the Place of the Nativity of our Saviour and the capital of the Family of David as likewise the Birth-place of David call'd Bethlehem of Judea in distinction from another Bethlehem in the Tribe of Zabulon was never but a small place two Leagues from Jerusalem to the South and 32 from Nazareth Now Inhabited by about 150 Houses of Turks Moor's Arabians and some poor Christians that make a Trade of selling Chapelets and Crucifixes to Pilgrims Yet St. Mary's Church built by Helena is entire still and in the particular part of it where our Saviour first entred into this World within a Circle illustrated with a Glory like the Rays of the Sun there are these words Engraved Hic ex Virgine Maria Jesus Christus natus est The Greeks Armenians and Latin Cordeliers have their several Quarters in this Church It is a very noble Pile envied by the Turks who therefore have robb'd it of some Ornaments to carry to their Mosques S. Jerom says the Pagans heretofore erected the Idols of Adonis and Venus in it to prophane it In 1110. after the Christians had gained the Holy Land they constituted Bethlehem a Bishops See under the Patriarch of Jerusalem It stands upon a small Hill and nothing can be pleasanter than the Valleys about it § When the Christians were expelled the Holy Land again in 1223. Raynaud Bishop of Bethlehem attended Guy Earl of Nevers into France who conferred upon him the Administration of an Hospital at Clameci a small Town in the Diocese of Auxerre in the Province of Nivernois which was afterwards augmented in Honor with the Title of Bishop of Bethlehem to continue to the Successors of the said Rainaud for ever in the nomination of the Earls and Dukes of Nevers hence there is at this day a Bishop of Bethlehem in France without any Lands or Diocese Bethshan an antient Town in Palestine in the Tribe of Menasseh called Scythopolis by Josephus and Stephanus The Philistines fixed the Body of King Saul to the Walls of this place 1. Sam. 31. 10. Bethshemesh Bethsama at first called Abel 1 Sam. 6. 18. was a Town in Palestine belonging to the Levites Josh 21. 16. whither the Ark came when dismissed by the Philistines 1. Sam. 6. 14. and 50000 Bethshemites were immediatly struck with
on the East by Glamorganshire and Brecknock on the West by Pembroke on the North by Cardigan from which it is separated by the River Tivy and on the South by the Irish Sea This County is said by Mr. Camden to be very fruitful and in some places to have plenty of Coal Mines and to abound in Cattle It takes its Name from the principal City which stands upon the River Tiny about 5 Miles from the Sea called by Ptolomy Maridunum by Antonius Muridunum It was Walled with Brick in the times of Giraldus Cambrensis but was then decaying Pleasantly seated between Woods and Meadows and very venerable for its great Antiquity taken from the VVelch in the Reign of VVilliam the Conqueror after this by them retaken and burnt twice till being first strengthened with a Castle by Henry Turbervil an English Man and after that walled about by Gilbert de Clare it recovered something of its former Glory The Princes of VVales settling here the Chancery and Exchequer for South VVales Caernarvanshire has on the North and West the Irish Sea on the South Merioneth and on the East Denbighshire parted from the Isle of Anglesey by the River Menay All the middle parts of it are covered and filled with Mountains so that Mr. Camden calls these Hills Alpes Britannicas the British Alpes and saith they afforded the greatest Security to the Welsh in times of VVar and so abounded with Grass that they seemed sufficient alone to have fed all the Cattle of VVales The Western parts are more level and yield plenty of Barley The chief Town or City is seated in this part of the County upon the River Menay and was built by Edward I. King of England about 1283. Small and almost round but strong and defended by a beautiful Castle Edward II. was born here and Surnamed from this Town who was the first of the English Princes that bore the Title of Prince of VVales In after times these Princes setled here the Chancery for North-VVales Robert Dormer Baron of VVing was created Viscount and Earl of Carnarvan in the sourth Year of the Reign of King Charles I. who afterwards lost his Life valiantly for that Prince at Newberry in 1643. to whom succeeded Charles his Son Caerphilly a Market-Town in the County of Glamorgan in VVales where the Earl of Pembroke has a Noble Castle It is the Capital of its Hundred Caerwis a Market-Town in Flintshire in the Hundred of Coleshill Caeron a Country in Assyria where Josephus says the Relicks of Noah's Ark were to be seen in his time It produces your odoriferous Wood. Caesarea Palestina was anciently call'd the Tower of Straton But Herod the Great rebuilding it called it Caesarea in honor of Augustus It is now call'd Caisar It lies on the shoars of the Mediterranean Sea in the Holy Land 30 Miles to the South from Ptolemais and 45 from Jerusalem After the Ruin of Jerusalem it became the Metropolis of Palestine and the Seat of the Prefect or Governor the Bishop of Caesarea gained thereby the Authority of a Primate over the Bishop of Jerusalem and for some Ages maintained it but in after Councils the Bishop of Jerusalem was exempted and made a Patriarch several great Councils have been held here Eusebius Pamphilus the Church Historian was in his time Bishop of it Cornelius the first converted Gentile was baptized here by S. Peter S. Paul was a Prisoner here And Origen taught here But in 653. after a Siege of 7 years Muhavia a Saracen took it from the Christians In the Holy War it was several times taken and retaken till at last intirely ruined by Barsus a Saracen Long 66. 15. Lat. 32. 20. § Caesarea Magna in Cappadocia the Episcopal Seat heretofore of S. Basil See Caisar § Caesarea Philippi See Balbec § Caesarea in Africa an antient City mention'd with Honor in the Roman History upon the Coast of the Mediterranean believed to be the same with the Iol of Ptolemy Pliny and Mela. It became a Bishop's See since Christianity and likewise an University that produced divers Poets and Philosophers of Note in the time that the Arabians were Victorious in Africa In the Year 959. the Caliphs ruined it The Remains of its Walls make it appear to have been above 3 Leagues in Circuit call'd by the Africans Tiguident Caffa a considerable City and Sea-Port in Crim Tartary upon the Eastern side of the Peninsula East of the City of Crim supposed to be the Cavum of the Antients It is a flourishing Mart and furnished with a large and capacious Haven Heretofore possessed by the Genoese who saith Dr. Heylin by the Help of this Port and the Plantation they had in Pera on the North Side of Constantinople engrossed all the Trade of the Euxine Sea into their own hands In 1475. it was taken by Mahomet the Great ever since it has been in the hands of the Turks and though by them much ruin'd is still the principal Place in that Demy-Island The Turks govern it by a Bashaw they send thither and although the Tartars can possess themselves of it when they please yet they chuse rather to leave it in his hands than to take it into their own The Venetians have often sollicited a free Commerce with it for the Benefit of its Commodities but the Port has constantly refused to suffer their Vessels to pass into the Black Sea for Reasons of State They reckon about 4000 Houses of Mahometans Tartars and Christians whereof some Latins Greeks and some Armenians to the Number of about 800 who are obliged to wear a Distinction from the rest in their Bonnets Caffreria a Country of Africa of large extent It lies from the Kingdom of Angola on the North to the Cape of Good Hope and is bounded East West and South with the Ocean the South-Eastern part is very fruitful and well peopled the rest barren Mountainous and little peopled The Inhabitants are so barbarous that they are called by this Name from their rude way of living which signifies the Lawless People they were all heretofore Man-eaters and many of them continue such to this day They call themselves Hottentots Mr. Herbert an English Man who was in these Parts will scarce allow them to be perfect Men and saith they sell Man's Flesh in the Shambles They acknowledg a Soveraign Being under the Name of Humma which they adore when he sends good Weather But in cold and rainy or very hot Seasons they change their Praises of him into Complaints against him Cagliari Caralis Calaris a City of Sardinia an Island in the Mediterranean Sea which is the Capital and the Seat of the Governor on the South side of the Island upon an Hill Also an Archbishop's See and an University When the Moors were Masters of this Island they ruined this City but James II. King of Aragon recovering it Anno Christi 1330. the Pisans rebuilt the Town which is now become great and rich under the Spaniards It has three
large Suburbs a Castle and a very capacious Haven The famous Lucifer was Archbishop of this See in the Reign of Constantine M. Pope Hillary was born here and Martin King of Sicily died here in 1409. Long. 32. 12. Lat. 37. 30. The Cape Cagliari derives its Name from hence Cagli or Caglio Callium Cale Calle a small City in the Dukedom of Vrbino which is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Vrbino seated upon the River Metro at the foot of the Apennine 14 Leagues from Vrbino to the South-West and the same Distance from Eugubio to the North-East It was under the Dominion of the Pope in 1289. Caiors or Cahors Doveona Divona Cadurcum the principal City of Quercy in Guienne in France upon the River Loth over which it has three Bridges It is a large fine and strong City and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Alby ever since 1678. before which time it was under the Archbishop of Berry ten Leagues from Alby to the North and 45 from Bourdeaux to the East Pope John XXII being born here founded an University in it in 1331. The Bishops take the Title of Earls of Cahors Henry IV. King of Navarre besieged it in 1580. and reduced it in three Days since which time its Castle and Fortifications have been demolished Cajania a Province of Sweden which is often also called East-Bothinia between the Botner Sea Lapland and Finland Cajanâ—burg the principal Town within the former Territory which gives Name to it it lies towards Lapland upon the Lake Vla with a Castle for its Defence and Honor. Cajazzo Calatia a City in the Province of Lavoro in the Kingdom of Naples about 7 Miles East of Capua near the River Voltorno and a Bishop's See under the Arch-Bishop of Capoiia It was considerable in the times of the Caesars a Colony having been setled there by Julius Caesar as Apianus Alexandrinus saith which on that account joyn'd with Augustus But now very small and in a declining Condition Cajenne an Island to the South of the Mouth of the River Cajenne which gives Name to it in the Province of Guyana in America under the French 18 Leagues in Circuit The River Cajenne springs from the Mountains near the Lake of Parima and continues its Course about 100 Leagues through the Country of the Galibes before it falls into the Ocean with this Island in its Embraces The Hollanders settled themselves here in 1656. and again in 1676. but were both times expelled by the French who were the prior Occupants Cajâ—tta See Gajetta Caifum or Caifung one of the principal Cities in China seated on the South of the River Croceus in the Province of Honan in Long. 142. 35. It was heretofore the ordinary Residence of the Emperors of China till the Year 1642. that the Usurper Lyncungh besieged it To drown whose Army the People piercing the Banks of the River Croceus which lies higher than the Town brought the Water upon themselves more than on the Enemy with so great an Impetuosity that the Houses were all overturned three hundred thousand Inhabitants drown'd and the whole Town changed into a Lake from that Day Caiman a greater and Lesser Island North of Cuba in the Gulph of Mexico known by the Tortoise-Fishing-Trade there Caiphas a City of Phoenicia at the foot of Mount Carmel and heretofore an Episcopal See under the Archbishop of Tyre Understood by some to be the Porphyrcum of Polybius and Stephanus The Lords hereof were of high renown in the time that the Christians were Masters of the Holy land Cairo Babylon Memphis Cairus the Capital of Egypt and indeed the greatest City in all Africa by the Arabians call'd Alchair seated on the East side of the River Nile about 1 Mile from it there is a Passage from the River into it which divides the Town in the middle This City sprang out of the ruins of Memphis and Babylon which stood not far from it on the Western Shoar of the Nile and was built by the Saracens or Moors after they became Masters of Egypt the Califfs of which Nation for a long time resided here as did afterwards the Sultans In 1517. it was Conquered by Selim the Turk and it has ever since been in their hands but is now sensibly declined from what it was The Patriarch of Alexandria resides here who has six antient Greek Churches in the place there are many more belonging to the Cophtites for whose Conviction in the business of Nestorianisme a Council was held here in 1582. by the order of Pope Gregory XIII but without effect tho the Patriarch of the Cophtites had been first gain'd over to the Perswasion of the Latens They have an Aqueduct of 350 Arches which brings the water from the River to the Town It s chiefest Manufacture is Tapestry Three Leagues lower the Nile is divided into two Branches which make the Delta It is 8 Miles in compass and has at the South end of it a stately Castle the Palace of the Mamaluck Sultans built upon a Mountain which overlooks the City and a great part of the Country When the Turks took it it was very strong but Selim ruin'd a great part of it and that which remains serves for the residence of the Turkish Bassa who hath the Government of this Kingdom About 10 Miles from this City stand those famous Pyramids which have in all Ages been so much admired and are certainly the most antient Buildings in the whole World and may in all probability not perish before the general Conflagration Long. 38. 48. Lat. 36 40. Cairoan Cyrene an antient and once very noble City in Africa mentioned in the Acts of the Apostles and now almost ruin'd and depopulated by the Turks in whose hands it is seated right over-against Matapan the most Southern Cape of the Morea an Archbishops See under the Patriarch of Alexandria and once famous not only for its Antiquity being built in the year of the World 3560. 143 years after Rome but also for Learning it having produced many noble Greek Writers and particularly Aristippus the founder of the Sect of the Cyrenaick Philosophers with the ingenious Areta his Daughter who succeeded him in his School The Country antiently call'd Libya Cyrenaica comprehending the Five Cities of Berenice Teuchire Ptolomais Apollonia and Cyrene derived its name from hence It had sometime the honour to bear the Title of a Kingdom For in the Year of Rome 658. we read of a Ptolomy surnamed Apion King of Cyrene nominating the Romans to be his Heirs The Libya Cyrenaica was afterwards call'd Pentapolis from these its Cities and now Mestrata Long. 50. 00. Lat. 31. 20. § Also a Town upon the River Capullia in the Kingdom of Tunis about 14 Leagues from the Sea Built in 652. by the Caliphs of Syria and adorn'd with a sumptuous Mosque where you see the Sepulchres of the Kings of Tunis For want of Fountains in so dry and barren a Soil as this Town stands in they
the Hundred of Lesnewth Camerino Camerinum an Episcopal City in the Marca Anconitana in the Dominions of the Church Seated at the foot of the Apennine upon the River Chiento which entereth the Adriatick Sea 25 Miles South of Ancona This was a considerable place in the time of the antient Romans and has sometime since born the Title of a Dukedom Leander gives it a strong Situation and plenty of People which last is rarely found in these Italian inland Cities He says also there was another Town of this Name in Campagnia di Roma which they call now Camerota It lies 24 Miles East of Spoleto Long. 36. 43. Lat. 42. 47. Camin Caminum a small City in the further Pomerania which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Gnisen whereas heretofore it belonged to Magdeburg It stands on the Eastern Shoar of the River Diwenow Odera over against the Island of Wolinsche not above a Mile from the Baltick Sea and about 7 from Stetin to the North. This belongs to the Duke of Brandenburgh by the Treaty of Westphalia and has imbraced the Augustan Confession Long. 39. 30. Lat. 54 12. Caminiec See Kaminieck Campagnano Campaniano Acheron a River of the Province of Calabria flowing from the Apennine and falling into the Tyrrhenian Sea about 8 Miles South of Amantea over against Stromboli a flaming Mountain in an Island of that Name Campagna a City of the Kingdom of Naples in the Principato which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Conza with the Title of a Marquisate It stands between the Rivers of Atro and Tuza 16 Miles from Salerno to the East and 11 from the Shoars of the Mediterranean Sea to the East also Campagnia di Roma a Province of Italy under the Dominion of the Pope on the West it has S. Peters Patrimony on the North Sabina on the South the Mediterranean Sea and on the East the Kingdom of Naples Rome itself stands in this Province and it contains the far greatest part of the antient Latium the inland parts are fruitful and populous those towards the Sea are little inhabited by reason of the unwholsomness of the Air tho otherwise the Country is plain and fruitful enough Campanir Astacapra a City of the hither East-Indies Campden a Market-Town in Gloucestershire in the Hundred of Kistgate the Earl of Gainesborough Viscount Campden has a Seat here Campen Campania a Town in Stiria § There is another of the same Name in Over-Yssel in the Low Countries upon the Western Banks of the Yssel near the Zuider Zee 5 Miles from Daventer to the North-East It was heretofore an Imperial free City but long since exempted and under the States General In 1672. taken by the French and the year following deserted It is a great lovely and important place and was the Birthplace of Albertus Pighius a very learned Man Long. 27. 14. Lat. 52. 42. Campiano a small Town in the State of the Valley of Taro in Italy near the River Taro. It is an important Pass and therefore carefully fortified by the Duke of Parma Campeach a City belonging to the Spaniards in the West-Indies taken by Captain Mynnes an English Man in 1662 being deserted by the Inhabitants The English took here 50 peices of Canon 14 Ships and the Governor Prisoner Campus Piorum a celebrated place in the Island of Sicily near Catania so called from the 2 Brothers Amphinomus and Anapus that carried their Father and Mother upon their Shoulders hither out of the flames of Aetna Val. Max. Cana a Town in the Tribe of Zabulon in Galilee in the Holy Land heretofore famous for the first Miracle of our Saviours operation on Earth at the Marriage of Simon Zelotes according to Nâ—cephorus Calixtus or of S. John the Evangelist according to others Now a poor Village inhabited by none but Turks For the Church which Helena the Mother of Constantine built in the place of that House where our Saviour celebrated the Marriage has been long since converted into a Mosque Nathanael was an Inhabitant of this Town Canada New France a large Country in the North America discovered first by the French and by them inhabited It lies North of New-England Quebec is the chief Colony of it The Savages speak different Languages and here as in other parts of America they have a custom to eat their Enemies taken in War a fate that particularly befel John Verrazan a Florentine who first took possession of this Country in the name of Francis I. King of France in 1525. There is a very great River of the same Country already known to run 500 Leagues full of large Islands and about 30 Leagues broad at the mouth called Canada by the Natives by the French S. Lawrence from their entrance into it upon that day The Saguenay and the Three Rivers fall into its Channel from the North. Cananor a Kingdom in the Promontory of Malabar on this side the Ganges in the East-Indies abutting upon the River Gangerocora 25 Leagues in length along the Coast with a City of the same Name sometime since taken by the Hollanders The Islands of Divandurou and Malicut amongst the Maldives are subject to this King Canara a Kingdom on this side the Gulph of Bengala in the East-Indies in the Promontory of Malabar separated from the Kingdom of Malabar to the South by the River Gangerocora and from that of Cuncan to the North by the River Aliga It is Tributary to the Great Mogul by some called Tulamar and at perpetual Enmity with the Kingdom of Malabar Canary Isles Canariae are 7 Islands over against the Coast of Lybia Interior so called from Canaria the principal of the number in which the Spanish Governor resides being about 20 Leagues in circuit and ennobled with a large handsom populous City of the same Name which is an Episcopal See These were called by the Antients the Fortunate Islands in general but their particular Names are Canaria Teneriff the Isle of Palmes the Isle of Iron Fuerte-Ventura Gomera and Lancelote and because a great number of Dogs was found in them in antient times therefore says Pliny they had all the Name of the Canaries In one of these the first Meridian is usually fixed viz. Teneriff They are are much frequented for their excellent Wines and Merchandises by the English and other Nations After the knowledg of them had been lost for many Ages they were first discovered again in 1330. Vid. Azores About the year 1344. Lewis de la Cerda Grandson to Alphonsus X. King of Castile and Earl of Clermont undertaking the Conquest of them thereby to introduce the Christian Faith was Crowned King of the Canaries by Pope Clement VI. He in his design failing they were afterwards granted to John Betancourt according as it is already remarked under the Word Azores Canathus a Fountain in the Morea in the Province of Napoli di Romania celebrated by the antient Poets for a Fiction of Juno's washing herself every year therein to
the Name of their King Charles X. The Danes took it in 1676. but they yielded it to the Swedes again in 1679. according to the Treaty of Fointainebleau Catmagnole a strong Town in the Marquisate of Saluces in Piedmont about 2 Miles from the Po and 9 from Turin in the Dominions of the Duke of Savoy ever since Charles Emanuel Duke of Savoy during the Civil Wars of France made himself Master both of the Marquisate and it in 1588. and that the same were ceded to him by a Treaty of Peace in 1601. This Town has been taken by the French and retaken by the Confederates in this present War Carmarthenshire See Carmarthen Carmel Carmelus a Mountain in the Holy Land or Palestine upon the Mediterranean Sea 50 Miles North of Jerusalem betwixt Galilee and Samaria in the Tribe of Issachar about 30 Miles in Circuit deliciously covered and adorned with Trees Plantations Springs Villages Valleys and Caverns which have been the retreats of the solitary in all Ages Now inhabited by the Drâ—sians a Warlike People who are supposed to be the Relicks of the European Pilgrims and accordingly pay as little deference to the Port as they can There is a Monastery belonging to the Carmelites here whose whole Order derives their Name from the place These carmelites regard the Prophets Elias and Elisha as their Patriarchs whose 2 Grots with the Fountain that sprung miraculously up at the Prayers of Elias now under the keeping of a Mahometan Anchorite are much honored as well by Turks Moors and Arabs as the Jews and Christians The Prophet Agabus they say built a Chappel upon this Mountain in the year 83. a small part thereof being yet extant In the time of the Emperor Vespasian there was a Temple of an Oracle here so famous that Vespasian came in Person to consult it Possibly it was some remains of the Idol of Baal or Beelzebub that they used heretofore to adore in Acre a Town below at the foot of the Mountain The Prince of it pays yearly to the Turks for Tribute 12 Horses Carnarvan See Caernarvanshire Curnia Acarnania a Province in Epirus over-against the â—sle of Corfu or Cephalonia Carniola called by the Dutch Krain has Slavonia on the East Friuli on the West Carinthia and part of Sâ—eirmark North and Istria South fruitful in Corn and Wine this and Carinthia both belong to the House of Austria by descent to which they give the Title of a Duke The Inhabitants are part Sclavonians and part Germans its Capital City Laubach This Country was a Branch of the antient Carnia Carolina a Plantation of the English Quakers upon the Continent of North America which has its Name from Charles II. It lies between the Lat. of 29. and 36. deg being the most Northern part of Florida Tho the English began to plant it only since 1663. yet being extremely fruitful and temperate the Inhabitants are already very numerous and have built 2 considerable Town Charles Town and Albermarle This Country is bounded to the South by Florida to the North by Virginia to the West by the Apulathean Hills which are exceeding steep and high and to the East by the Atlantick Ocean The Colonies are endeavouring to improve it to Wine and Oil which the English chiefly want Carolstadt Carolostadium a Town in Croatia built by Charles Archduke of Austria and well fortified against the Turks seated at the confluence of the Kulp and the Mereswiz 2 German Miles from Meteling to the North-East the Governour of Croatia always resides here There is another of the same Name in the Bishoprick of Wurtzburg upon the Maine 3 German Miles North of Wurtzburg And a Third in Sweden in the Province of Westrogrothia built by Charles IX upon the Lake Wever which suffered much by the Danes in 1644. Carpathus See Scarpanto Hence the Carpathian Sea now called the Sea of Scarpanto betwixt the Islands of Rhodes and Candia derived its Name Carpenterland a vast Country in the Terra Australis of America lately discovered by one Carpenter a Dutchman who has left it his Name Carpentras Carpentoracte a City in Provence in France which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Avignon and the Capital of the County of Venacin under the Dominion of the Pope 4 Leagues from Avignon to the North-East It stands upon a very well watered Soil Caesarius Bishop of Arles presided at a Council here in 527. in the Papacy of Foelix IV. Long 25. 49. Lat. 43. 18. Carpi Carpum a small City in Lombardy in Italy with a Castle and Principality belonging to the Duke of Modena It has a large Territory to it and a Collegiate Church built first by Aistulphus one of the Kings of the Lombards who died about 750. Rebuilt by Albertus Pius who was then Prince of Carpi with greater magnificence and is exempted from the Jurisdiction of all the Neighbour Bishops who have any Pretensions to it by the Decrees of Julius II. and Leo X. This City lies 4 Leagues from Modena to the North. Carrara a small Town in the Province of Tuscany in Italy between Massa and Sarsina belonging to the Prince of Massa with the Title of a Principality Carrhae an antient City of Mesopotamia upon the River Charra remarkable in History for the Defeat of Crassus by the Parthians in the year of Rome 701. It has had the honor to be a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Edessa This is the Charan mentioned in the Story of the Patriarch Abraham Carriek-Fergus See Knock-Fergus Carrict Carricta a small Bailywick or Earldom in the West of Scotland which has Dumbritain-Fryth to the West and North Nithisdale to the East and Galloway to the South It is fruitful and supplyed both by Sea and Land with all the necessaries of Life The Earldom belongs now to the Prince of Scotland Cars See Chars Carthago Carthage call'd by the Grecians 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 was once the most famous and potent City in Africa and the Rival of Rome generally supposed to be built by Queen Dido a Tyrian Princess An. Mundi 3725. 72 years after Rome 874 years before the Birth of our Saviour But then Justin makes it to be built before Rome and Appian before the Ruin of Troy and this is now thought the more probable Opinion The Learned Vossius in his Book de Magnitudine Vrbium is confident that it was not only built before the Trojan War but in its greatest Dignity Extent and Power before that time and that Dido was only the Repairer of it and that it was much older than Tyre itself But however certain it is that it was a Phaenician Colony It subjected by degrees not only all Lybia but a great part of the adjacent Islands and the greatest part of Spain and Sicily It sustained 3 sharp Wars with Rome the first lasted 24 years the second 18 and had ended in the Ruin of Rome if the Carihaginians had but supplied their General effectually and in time The third lasted
separating themselves from the Arians who in the number of 400 Bishops convocated by Pope Liberius to this Council carried the Majority by a great many came hither to say their Masses Cattay or Catio a Region of Asia supposed by learned Men to be China or some part of it towards the North comprehending the Provinces of Peking Xantung Honan Suchuen Xensi and Xansi whereof Peking is the Capital City Being under the K. of Tartary it is likewise called Tartary de Kan Cattaro Cattara a City in Dalmatia which has been under the Venetians ever since 1420. It is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Bari and is a strong Place well seated on a Hill having a Castle belonging to it and 17 Villages It lies 40 Miles South of Ragusa and 35 North-West of Scutari upon a Bay of the Adriatick Sea call'd Cattaro which takes its name from this Place The Turks have often attempted to take it in Vain Catti an antient People of Hassia and Thuringia in Germany who sometime passing into Holland have left the Names of Catwick Opzee to a Town upon the Sea Coast and Catwick op den Rhein to another upon the Rhine In the Reign of Tiberius the Hermanduri gave them a terrible Defeat wherein they destroy'd both Man and Beast upon a pretence of having Consecrated the Spoils to Mars and Mercury Catzenelbogen Catti Meliboci a Country in the Province of Weteraw in Germany under the Landgrave of Hesse Cassel The antient Catti its Inhabitants have left it this Name In the Year 1548. the Emperor Charles V. adjudged this Country to William Earl of Nassau who made pretensions to it But the Arrest was afterwards cassated by the Treaty of Paslaw Cava a great and populous City and a Bishop's See in the hither Calabria in the Kingdom of Naples seated partly upon a Hill and partly in a Valley within four Miles of Salerno and about 20 from Naples to the South This Bishop was heretofore a Suffragan to the Archbishop of Salerno but now exempted and is immediately under the Pope which Honor was obtained from Boniface IX in 1394. yet is the Bishop's Jurisdiction limited with the Walls of the City There is also a Abbey in it Cavado Cavadus a River of Portugal which ariseth in Gallicia and watering the City of Braga falls into the Ocean Cavaillon Cabellio Vrbs Cavallicorum a small and ill built City in the County of Venaissin in Provence in France in an Isle made by the River Durance within 4 Leagues of Avignon to the South-East This is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Avignon and under the Dominion of the Pope Cavan a Town and County in the Province of Vlster in Ireland The Duke of Berwick in an Action before this Town against K. William's Forces Feb. 11. 1689. had his Horse shot under him It is not without a strong Fort. Caucasus a Part of the great Mountain of Taurus in Asia towards Georgia beginning about the Mouth of the River Phasis It is very fruitful and well inhabited by Christians for the most part of the Georgian Church Full of Rocks and Precipices and shewing the Ruins of several Castles and Churches Yet covered at the Top with Snow perpetually Cauda a River of Cumberland which running through West-Ward Forrest by Dauston on the West of Carlisle falls into the River Eden Caudebec Calidobeccum a considerable Town in Normandy upon the Northern shoar of the River Seine in the Pais de Caux about 5 Miles West of Rouen 7 from le Haure East much Celebrated for Weaving This is one of the Principal Towns of the Pais de Caux which is bounded by the British Sea to the North and West by Picardy to the East and by the Seine to the South and lies from East to West 25 Leagues The Caudebec Hats come from hence The Caves in Wiltshire between Luckington and great Badminton upon the Edge of the County nine in Number of a Row of several Dimensions the least 4 Foot broad and 9 or 10 Foot long are credibly supposed to be the Tombs of some Heroick Men among the antient Romans Saxons or Danes because Spurs and Pieces of Armour have been digged out of them Cavita de Manilha Manilhanus Sinus a Gulph of the Philippine Islands Cavours a Town 5 Leagues from Pignerol in Piedmont under the French near the River Peles fortified with two Castles It was taken by Lesdiguieres in 1594. and retaken by the Duke of Savoy the Year after Now made a Dependant of Pignerol Caurestan a great Village in the Province of Farsistan in Persia betwixt Lar and the Isle of Ormus Caux or Pais de Caux a District contain'd within the Province of Normandy in France betwixt the Seine and the Sea in which Diepe Haure de Grace Caudebec Aumale S. Vallery c. are comprehended There is also of the same Name with it a Town and a Promontory Cawood a Market-Town in the West-Riding of Yorkshire and the Hundred of Barkston Caxamalca a Country within the Province of Lima in Peru adorn'd heretofore with Divers Royal Palaces of the Inca's of that Kingdom Thirty Leagues from the Pacifick Sea but near the River Vagna It was here that the Noble Atabalipa King of Peru was defeated and taken Prisoner by Francis Pizarro who basely and barbarously afterwards murthered him in 1533. Caxton a Market-Town in Cambridgeshire in the Hundred of Stow. Caxume the Capital City of the Kingdom of Tigremahon in Abyssinia thought to be the same with the Tenesis of Strabo where the Queen of Sheba dwelt that visited Solomon Cayenne an Island under the French in the North Sea upon the Coast of Guyana about 20 Leagues in Circuit 4 Degrees from the Equinoctial Northward and South of the Disembogure of the River Cayenne which glides betwixt the Countries of the Caribes and the Galibes It s principal Commodity is Tobacco The French have built themselves a Fort at Bourg their cheifest Settlement of about 200 Houses and besides they guard the Harbor with Canon Cayernittes some small Islands frequented by the Fishers for Tortoises which here are to be found of the largest Size near the Western shoar of Hispaniola in America Cayphas an antient Town so call'd from Caiphas High Priest of the Jews who formerly re edified it at the Foot of Mount Carmel in the Holy Land upon the shoars of the Mediterranean 2 Leagues by Water from S. Jean d' Acre Since Saladine demolish'd it in 1191. it has never been fortified again and therefore now become a Village inhabited by some Moors Jews and Greeks Cazan See Casan Cazares an antient People who took part with the Hunns and the Avares in their Incursions to ravage the Empire Cea Ceos or Zee Zie and antiently among the Greeks call'd Hydrusca is one of the Cyclades Islands in the Aegean Sea whereof Julide Julis is the Capital City in which Simonides and Bacchylides the two famous Lyrique Poets with the Philosopher Ariston are said to be born
Cebarsussi a Town near Carthage in Africa where the Donatist Bishops in 394. held a Council and deposed Primianus Bishop of Carthage Cedar or Kedar the Hebrew name of Arabia Deserta taken from Kedar the Son of Ismael Gen. 25. 13. Cedes a great and strong Town heretofore of Judea in the Tribe of Napthali in Galilee 4 Miles from Cephet and Capernaum given by Joshua after he had killed the King thereof to the Priests and Levites It had an Asylum in it for such as committed accidental Murder that is in the Phrase of the English Law chance Medley pursuant to the Laws of Moses provided in that behalf Cedogna Laquedoniae an Episcopal City of the Further Principate in the Kingdom of Naples suffragan to the Archbishop of Conza believed by some to be the Aquilenia of Livy Cedron or Kedron a small Brook in the midst of the Valley of Jehosaphat in the Holy land near Jerusalem passed by our Saviour a little before his Death John 18. 1. and frequently in Scripture mentioned upon other Occasions Cefalu or Cifalu Cephalaedis a fair City with a good Port and a Castle in the Island of Sicily being a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Messina upon a Cape whence some conjecture that its name is derived from the Greek Word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 It stands near Termini Celena the Capital City formerly of all Phrygia which being once repeopled by Antiochus Soter he caused it to be called Apamea See Haman Celtae the antient Greek Authors give this name indifferently to the Gauls and the Germans as some do to the Spaniards upon the account of the Alliances of the Celtae with the Iberi See Celtiberi But it more particularly understands the Original Gauls whose Empire in a part of Gallia from them called Celtica the Boundaries whereof you see described under the Word Gallia flourished in the time of Tarquinius Priscus when Segovesus and Bellovesus Sons or Nephews to Ambigatus King of the Celtae conducted those 2 Colonies into Italy and Germany we mentioned speaking of the Province of Berry whereof these People were the antient Inhabitants Celtiberi a mixt People as the name itself imports of the Celtae aforesaid and the Iberi or the antient Spaniards of Arragon and Castile Recorded in History with great Honor for their Courage and Fidelity Florus calls them the Force of Spain The Celtae passing out of Gallia into Spain and there alliancing themselves with the Natives was the Occasion of this Denomination Cemele an antient City near Nice in Provence amongst the Maritime Alpes of great Esteem heretofore with the Romans and yet showing the Ruins of an Amphitheatre a Temple of Apollo Inscriptions Tombs and Canals which were the Works of their curious Hands Since Christianity it became a Bishop's See and bore the Honor thereof till either the Goths and Vandals in the sixth or the Saracens in the seventh and eighth Centuries ruined it so that the See was translated to Nice Cenchrea the Port over against Corinth in the Peloponesus or Morea Ceneda Ceneta a small but well peopled City and a Bishop's See in the Marca Trivigliana seated at the Foot of the Mountains about 13 Miles South from Belluno and 15 from Trevigi North-East The Bishop is Sovereign of the City but a Suffragan of the Patriarch of Aquileia Cenis or Mont-Cenis Alpes Cottiae the Name of that famous Passage over the Alpes which parts Savoy from Piedmont Centobrica an antient City of the Celtiberi in Spain which when besieged by the Romans under Metellus placed the little Infants of Rethogenes who had run over to Metellus in the Breach where the Besiegers played their Battery And though the Breach was of that Largeness as to render the Conquest of the Town indubitable and Rethogenes himself offered his Family to be a Sacrifice to Metellus's Glory Yet rather than so Generous a Father should see the Massacre of his own Children Metellus raised the Siege And the Town ravished with his Humanity and Clemency therein voluntarily afterwards opened the Gates to him Val. Max. Centum Celles an antient Town of the Province of Toscana in Italy in which Pope Cornelius during the Persecution of Gallus was confined and put to divers Torments It is mentioned by Pliny and Procopius Leander Alberti calls it Ferolle or Forcelle Others believe it is the same with that which we now call Civita Vecchia Ceperano or Ciperano a Town in the Campagna di Roma in Italy upon the River Garigliano P. Paschal II. held a Council here in 1114. in which William Guichard Grandson to Robert Guichard the Valiant Norman that drove the Saracens out of Italy was created Duke of Apulia and Calabria Cephalonia Cephalenia call'd by the Italians Cefalonia is an Island of the Ionian Sea just opposite to the Mouth of the Gulph of Lepanto The Inhabitants are of the Greek Church but with the Island which is not above 90 Miles in Compass subject to the Venetians It is fruitful in Wines excellent Oil and in those Grapes whereof Currans are made The Town wherein the Proveditor or Governor resides is Argostoli a small Place with a tolerable good Port on the East side of the Island There is no other Town of any Note there but only the Villages of Liscuri Finea Erisso Pillaro Samo and Lucato after whose Names together with Argostoli the whole Island is divided into seven Parts that are accordingly so notified In the twelfth Century a Bishoprick was founded here to which the Church of the Isle of Zante is annexed In 1224. the Venetians received this Island by a Donation from Gaio the Lord of it at that time In 1479. the Turks took it In 1499. the Venetians retook it and repeopled it and have since secured it with a strong Fortress called Asso that stands upon a high Rock surrounded with the Sea excepting the Reserve only of a Point of Land about 20 Paces broad to join the Castle and the Island The Proveditor's Commission is made to continue 32 Months The Antiens call'd this no less than that other Island in the Archipelago Samos Cephisus a River of Phocis in Achaia first springing up in the antient Country of Doris there and passing by the Mountain of Parnassus it continues its Course through Boeotia where it receives the Rivers Asopus and Ismene Then traversing the Lake Copae now known by the Name of Lago Stivo it falls into the Euripus or the Streights of Negropont And with a little Variation from Cephisus is now called Cefisso The Oracle of Themis said to be consulted by Deucalion and Pyrrha stood upon the Banks thereof § Some other Rivers of this Name in Greece are remembred by antient Authors as likewise a Fountain at Apollonia mentioned by Strabo and Ptolemy Cepuz Cepusiensis Comitatus a small County in the most Northern part of the Upper Hungary towards the Carpathian Hills and the Confines of Poland the greatest part of which is under the Crown of Poland though the
and Montargis Chasteau-du-Loyre A Town upon the Loyre in the Province of Maine five or six Leagues from Mans with the Title of a Barony It belongs to the Demesnes of the Crown Chasteau-Meliand a small Town and Chatellany in the Province of Berry in France remark'd particularly for its Castle and a Tower said to be built in the time of the Romans Chasteau-Neuf A Town in the small Territory of Timerais within the Province of Perche in France with others of the same Name in Anjou Berry Bresse c. whereof nothing particular Chasteau-Pelerin a Fortress ten Miles from Caesarea upon the Sea Coast in the Holy Land built for the security of the Christian Pilgrims that travel'd to Jerusalem and in the year 1217. enobled with a Palace which the Templars erected for the service of their Grand Master It has been since neglected and nigh ruin'd Chasteau-Porcien A Town and Principality upon the River Aisne in the Territory de Retel in Champagne below Rhetel It was advanc'd to the Dignity of a Principality by Charles IX in 1561. Chasteau-Regnard a small Town in the Territory of Gastinois in France upon the River Ouaine two Leagues from Montargis Chasteau-Regnaud a little Sovereignty upon the Meuse in Champagne in the Territory of Retelois two Leagues from Charleville The Town is fortified and the Title now born by Monsieur Chasteau-Regnaud the French Admiral who engaged Admiral Herbert at the Bantry in 1689. May 1. Chasteau-Rous a Town in Berry upon the River Indre between Bourges and Blanc Lewis XIII advanced it to the quality of a Dukedom and Peerdom in 1616. It is a considerable large Town with a good Castle and divers publick Buildings In Latin Castrum Rufum and Castrum Rodulphium § Also a City and an Episcopal See in the Island of Negropont by the Ancients call'd Carystus by the Italians Castel rosso The famous Carystium Marmor comes from hence Chasteau-Thierry Castrum Theodorici a City in the Isle of France four Leagues South of Chastres It stands upon the Marne in the Confines of Champagne and is a heat City and a Dukedom beautified with a Castle and divers Churches Baudrand placeth it in Brie twenty Leagues from Paris to the South Chastel-Chinon a small Town in the Province of Niverhois in France near the River Jonne towards the Confines of Burgundy Chastellet Castelletum a Town in Namur upon the River Sambre six Miles West of Namur There is another Town of the same Name in Picardy at the head of the Scheld three Leagues from St. Quintin North. This latter has been fortified being a Frontier Town but in 1674. it was dismantled Chastel-herault a Town upon the River Vienne in the most Eastern Border of Poictou seven Miles from Poictiers to the North-East Francis I dignified this Town in 1514. with the Title of a Dukedom and Peerdom It was often taken and retaken in the French Civil Wars Chastillon sur Indre a small Town in the Province of Touraine some say Berry in France upon the said River § Chastillen sur Loing a handsom small Town in the Territory of Gustinois in France about 4 Leagues from Montargis upon the River Loing § Chastillon sur Loyre a Town in the Province of Berry below Cosne upon the Loyre § Chastillon sur Cher is in the same Province towards the Confluence of the Sandre and the Cher. § Chastillon sur Marne A handsome small Town in Champagne with a Chatellany thereunto belonging between Espernay and Chasteau-Thierry There is a noble and ancient Family deriving their Name from it § Chastillon sur Seyne a pretty Town in Burgundy between Alseile-Duc and Bar-sur-Seyne divided in two by the River that distinguishes it from all the foregoing La Chastre A great Town upon the River Indre in the Province of Berry in France between S. Severe and Chateau-Roux imparting its Name to a considerable Family of that Kingdom Chatham a long thoroughfare Town in Kent in Aylesford Lath upon the Bank of the Medway and near Rochester It is the principal Station of the Royal Navy of England and therefore well provided with Storehouses and a Dock for the building and equipping of the same Chatzan a Town in the Kingdom of Hajacan in the East Indies within the Dominions of the Grand Mogul not far from the conjunction of the Rivers Behat and Nilab Chaumont en Uexin Calvomontium a Town in that part of the Isle of France call'd Vexin upon a small River about five Miles West of Beauvais which has a ruined Castle Chaumont sur Marne called Vexin-Francois a very fine Town in Champagne five Leagues South-West of Joinville and about the same distance from Grand to the West This was first walled in 1500. and has received its growth from the hands of three Kings Lewis XII Francis I. and Henry II. Chauni Calniacum a small Town and Chatellany in the Government of the Isle of France upon the River Oise between Noyon and la Fere. It belongs to the Crown Chaxan a City in the Territory of Chingyang within the Province of Huquang in China The Mountain Nuiqua famous for a Temple that is built upon it in honour of a Woman a pretended Prophetess amongst the Chinese stands near it Cheadle a Market Town in Staffordshire in the Hundred of Totmonslow Checkley a Market Town in the same County and Hundred preceding upon the River Teane Chekiam a Province of China which has Nankim on the North and the River Kiam Kiamsi on the West Fokien on the South and the Chinian Ocean on the East the principal City is Hamcheu it contains eleven Cities sixty three walled Towns and 1242135. Families It lies between 27. and 32. deg of Lat. Chelles a Town in the Isle of France near the Marne famous for a Nunnery founded in 662. by the Queen Bathilde It had heretofore a Royal Mansion also standing in it Chelmer a River in Essex on which Maldon is situated Chelmesford Caesaromagus a Town in Essex twenty five Miles North of London Chelo A Fort in the Province of Junnan in China Chelsey a place deserving particularly to be remark'd for the Magnificent and most Delightful Hospital begun by King Charles II. continued by King James II. and now perfected for the refuge and maintenance of disabled poor and Veterane Soldiers here This being such a stately Pile as to surpass by confession in divers respects the famous Hotel des Invalide at Paris It s situation near London is better known than that we should need to mention more Cheltenham a Market Town in Glocestershire and the Capital City of its Hundred Chemnis an Island of Egypt mentioned by Herodotus Apollo had heretofore a Temple in it The people used to believe that it floated § We find mention made in Herodotus of a great City also of this Name near to Nea in the Country of Thebes Chepstow a fine Market Town on the River Wye on the Eastern Border of the County of Monmouth in Wales It is fortified with a
of the World it followed the Fate of Syria successively subject to all the four great Empires and famous under all But then the Conversion of S. Paul which happened in part near and in part within this City is one of the greatest things that has in the Course of so many Ages befallen it This was also one of the first great Cities the Saracens took from the Romans after a Siege of six Months in 636. by Omar the Successor of Abubecher In 813. it was made the Seat of one of their Califs Babylon being the second and Grand Cairo the third Conradus III. Emperor of Germany attempted in 1147. to reduce it without any good Success by reason of the Divisions amongst the Christians in the Holy Land In 1298. it was taken by Cassan the Turk and 30000 Saracens slain but the Saracens soon after recovered it About 1395. it became a Prey to that Flagellum Dei Tamerlane the great Scythian Conqueror After this it was subject to the Sultans of Aegypt till Selim I. about 1514. subjected it to the Ottoman Empire under which it still is This City is an Archbishop's See under the Patriarch of Antioch the Seat of one of the Turkish Visiers in a fruitful Valley so extreamly pleasant withal as amongst many Writers to gain the Title of the Paradise of the World Yet not mightily inhabited of later times being more visited by Pilgrims of the Turkish and Christian Religions than by Merchants The Current of the Trade running by Aleppo fifty Miles more North. It is now called by the Turks Scham Long. 69. 00. Lat. 33. 00. Dambea a City and Kingdom in Aethiopia in Africa near the Fountains of the Nile which has a Lake in it of the same Name twenty five French Leagues in Length and fifteen in Breadth incompassed on all sides by Mountains out of which arise a vast Number of Rivers to form this Lake called Bar-Dambea the Sea of Dambea in the Aethiopick Language And out of these Waters thus united the Nile springeth at some Distance from the Mounains See Nile There are twenty one Islands standing in this Lake the chiefest of which is Dek Damiata a City of Egypt upon one of the more Eastern Mouths of the Nile Anciently called Tamiatis or Damiata and now by the Arabians Damiat This City stands on the opposite Shoar to Pelusium and grew out of the Ruins of it Taken by the Christians in 1218. But in 1221. they were forced to restore it being involved in such Miseries by the Waters that were let loose upon them that they must otherwise have perished After this it was retaken by Lewis IX in 1249. who being afterwards taken Prisoner by the Sultan was forced to restore it as his Ransom after which the Saracens burnt it This is an Archbishops See under the Patriarch of Alexandria and now a great well peopled City and one of the Keys of that Country Long. 63. 20. Lat. 31. 10. Dammartin or Dampmartin Domnum Martinum a Town in the Province of the Isle of France near Paris Adorned with a Collegiate Church and famous in French History for the Earls of the House that derive their Name from it Damor Leon a River in Phoenicia which ariseth from Mount Lebanon and falls into the Mediterranean Sea between Sydon and Bayrut Damut Damot or Damout a Kingdom of the higher Aethiopia heretofore under the Abissins but now torn from them by the Gala's It s Situation is towards the Lake of Zaire There are many Golden Mines in it and a City the Capital of the same Name Dampierre a Barony in the Territory of Aunis in France upon the River Boutonne or Voltunna Damvillers Damvillerum or Danvilliers Danvillerium a strong Town in Luxemburgh upon the River Maes seated upon a Hill five Leagues from Verdun to the North and about eight German Miles from Thionville to the West Taken by the French in 1637. and annexed to the Dutchy of Lorrain but in 1673. dismantled Danambre See the Nieper Danby an ancient Castle in the Tract of Cleveland in the North-Riding of Yorkshire seated near a large Park and Chase of the same Name First advanced to the Dignity of an Earldom by King Charles I. in the Person of Henry Danvers of the Line of the Lord Latimer to whom this Castle did anciently belong and afterwards upon the Default of Issue from the said Henry in the Person of Thomas Osborn created by King Charles II. Baron of Kineton and Viscount Latimer in 1673. and Earl of Danby the year after The now Marquess of Caermarthen from King William Dandalii an ancient People of Germany of great Power in the twelfth Century and so addicted to their Paganism that VValdemar King of Denmark with the Princes of Pomerania and Saxony were obliged to force them by Sea and Land to hear Christianity preached amongst them Dangala or Dancala a City of the Vpper Aethiopia upon the Nile in the Tract of Nubia whereof it is the Capital and in the Kingdom of Gorhani towards the North. Long. 52. Lat. 10. Danneberg or Daneberg a Town and County in the Dukedom of Lunenburgh upon the River Tetza four Miles from the Elb and seven from Lunenburgh to the South-East The Town has a Castle belonging to it The County belongs to the Duke of Zell and is extended from East to West upon the Elb between the Dukedom of Mecklenburgh to the North the Marquisate of Brandenburg to the South and East and the Dukedom of Lunenburgh to the West It had heretofore Earls of its own but Nicolas the last of them in 1303. sold it to Otto Duke of Brunswick Of latter Times it was under the Duke of VVolfembuttel and by him was granted in 1671. to the Duke of Zell Dantsick Dantzik Dantiscum Gedanum called by the Inhabitants and Poles Danske and Danzig by the Germans is a vast well fortified City of Poland the Capital of Prussia in the little Pomerania with a noble Haven and Castle upon the Vistula which a League below dischargeth it self into the Bay of Dantzick a Part of the Baltick Sea So watered by two other Rivers the Rodaun and the Motlau towards the South and West it has some Hills which in 1656. were first fortified against the Swedes This City is Imperial and Free belonging originally to the Empire Primislaus King of Poland in 1295. first walled it against the Knights of the Teutonick Order as Cromerus saith lib. 11. After this it was betrayed to the Marquess of Brandenburgh by one Peter Chancellor of Pomerania who being in wrath with Vladislaus Lochicus his Master King of Poland and the Castle thereupon surprised by the Teutonick Order who pretended to assist Vladislaus they demanded a vast Sum of Money which the Citizens refusing to pay they proceeded to take the City to plunder and slay great Numbers of the Inhabitants In 1310. Sigismundus Augustus took away half the Customs upon their Disrespect to his Ambassador who was sent to quiet them then in Tumult and
the South thirty six from Lion to the North. It is a great and well built City and has an old Castle and a small Territory belonging to it Long. 26. 02. Lat. 46. 50. Aurelian the Emperor walled it The Children of Hugh Capet who made this the Capital of the Kingdom of Burgundy much enlarged and beautified it Under the Dukes of Burgundy it had Counts And Lewis XI who got the possession of it after the Death of the Duke of Burgundy by the means of the then Prince of Orange built the Castle to keep the Inhabitants in Subjection The Reformed Religion in 1562. beginning to spread here was extinguished by an Edict those that imbraced it being disarmed and some of them banished Near this City S. Bernard was born There was a French Council held here in 1075. And another in 1199. under Pope Innocent III. at the Instance of Canutus King of Denmark in the behalf of his Sister Isemburge Wife of Philip the August King of France who had divorced her and remarried Whereupon the whole Kingdom was interdicted by the Pope's Legate in this Council and continued so seven Months till King Philip vacated the said Divorce and received the Lady for his Wife again By a Stone with an old Roman Inscription here found it appears that this City was in those times called Dibione The Mayor of it is honoured with the Title of a Viscount Dilinghen Dilinga a City in the Circle of Schwaben in Germany upon the Danube in the Diocese of Auspurgh seven Miles East of Vlm and the same Distance North-West from Auspurgh An University here was founded by Cardinal Otto Trucio Bishop of Auspurgh under Pope Julius III. in 1549. This City and the County belonging to it were united for ever to the Bishoprick of Auspurg by Hermanus the last Count Bishop of this Diocese who died about the Year 1260. The Jesuits of Dilinghen gave great Provocations to the Swedish War in Germany by perswading Ferdinand II. that the Protestants of his times were not the same with those of 1530. tolerated by Charles V. and therefore the Emperor who was then victorious was not obliged to keep the Peace with them By which Insinuation in 1629. they put that Prince on those Actions which brought on a War that had like to have ended in the Ruin of the House of Austria the German Liberty the Empire and the Roman Catholick Religion there Dillemburgh a Town and County in the Circle of the Rhine in VVesterwalt The Town stands on the River Dilla five German Miles from Marpurgh to the West and eleven from Francfort upon a Hill and has a strong Castle in which the Counts reside The County is called by the Germans Das Graffschaft von Dillemburgh bounded on the East by Hassia on the North by Westphalia on the West by the Rhine and on the South by Solmis This is under the Dominion of its own Prince who is of the Family of Nassau There is in it besides Dillemburgh a Town called Herborn which is an University Dimel Dimola Dilla a River of Germany which divides Hassia from VVestphalia and falls into the Weser at Helmerstrusen seven Miles East of Paderborn Dimitrado See Demetriade Dimotuc Didymotyches a City of Thrace upon the River Hebrus which almost surrounds it about seven Miles from Adrianople to the South Formerly a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Adrianople but now an Archbishop's Bajazet one of the Turkish Emperors was born here who resign'd the Empire and retired hither again Dinant Dinantium a Town in the Bishoprick of Leige upon the River Maes over which it hath a Stone-Bridge that has been ruined often but now repaired ten German Miles from Brussels to the North-East Taken by the French in the Reign of Henry II. in 1554. and almost ruined and its Cittadel demolished But all very well rebuilt again and its Cittadel is now standing upon a steep Rock There is another Town of the same Name in the Dutchy of Britain in France upon the River Rance five Miles South of S. Malo which was heretofore a strong Place and gave the Title of Earl to the younger Sons of the Dukes of Brittany Dingle Dinglae a small Town and a convenient Port in the County of Kerry in the Province of Mounster in the South-West Part of Ireland which stands upon a large Bay of the same Name seventy English Miles West of Cork § There is a Marsh in the County of Suffolk of the same Name which signifies salt Water washes as Mr. Camden seems to intimate Dingolving or Dingelfing Dingolvinga a small Town in the Dukedom of Bavaria where there was a Council held in 772. Dinkesipiel Dinchespila a small Imperial City in the Borders of Franconia upon the River Warnaw twelve Miles from Vlm to the North-East and ten from Nuremberg to the South-West It belongs to the Circle of Schwaben and has been often taken by the Swedes and French in the Wars of Germany Dionysia a figurative Name of the Island Naxia in the Archipelago given it by the Ancients in Allusion to Dionysius or Bacchus upon the Account of its abounding with excellent Wines Dionysiopolis divers antient Cities occur under this Name One in Bulgaria see Varna One upon the River Indus in Asia in the Country where stood the Pillars called Dionysii Columnae This the Ancients report to have been built by Dionysius or Bacchus being the same with the Nagara Nysse or Nerus of the modern Geographers One in Phrygia mentioned by Pliny And another in Africa by Stephanus Dioscoros Dioscori or Dioscoride an Island of Magna Graecia in the Calabrian Ocean over against Capo delle Colonne at a few Leagues distance § Another of Africa See Zocotera Diospolis an ancient City in the Thebais in the Kingdom of Aegypt surnamed Hecatompylos from its having an hundred Gates or rather so many Princely Palaces in it when the Kings of Aegypt called Diospolites after its Name made this place their Residence and Capital of their Kingdom § Also an ancient City of the Holy Land which was made a Bishop's See under the Patriarch of Jerusalem Called otherwise Lydda Rama and S. George and remarked in Ecclesiastical History for a Council assembled at it in 415. against Pelagius wherein he was acquitted of the Accusations of his Adversaries Dirgh a Lake in the County of Dungal in the Province of Vlster in Ireland out of which the River Leffye springs In an Island thereof you see the Cave the People call S. Patrick's Purgatory near the Ruines of a Monastery that was dedicated to S. Patrick The Noise of some subterraneous Winds or Waters heard by the People hath occasioned this conceited Name amongst them Disne See Aisne Disse a Market-Town in the County of Norfolk upon the River Wavenay The Capital of its Hundred Ditmarsen See Dietmarsh Diu Diou or Dive a small Island with a Fort upon it in the Mouth of the River Indus belonging to the Portuguese It has also a small but very strong
a Castle taken by the Swedes and granted them by a Treaty in 1658. but in 1660. the Danes again recovered it The Country about is called the Government or Prefecture of Drontheim granted to the Swedes with the City but since recovered with it too This is the largest Prefecture in Norway reaching from North to South five hundred Miles and from West to East one hundred Droses Jernus a River of Conaught in the County of Clare which falls into the Bay of Shannon at Dinghanbeg Dinga East of Clare two Miles Le Drot Drotius a River in Aquitaine in France which ariseth at Montpasier ten Miles North-West of Cahors and running West falls into the Garrone over against Bazas nine Miles East of Bourdeaux Druidae Druides the Priests of the antient Gauls compared by Laertius with the Magi Gymnosophistae and Philosophers of Persia India and Greece for their pretensions to Learning and Piety and Authority over the people of whose Superstitions they were the Authors as of their affairs publick or private the Arbitrators The Eugabes of Ammianus Marcellinus the Saronides of Diâ—d Siculus and the Semnotheoi of others were several Orders of these Priests according as they applyed themselves either to the services of the Altar or to the Contemplation of the Works of Nature In the former they made Sacrifices of Men till the Emperors Angustus Tiberius and Claudius by repeated Interdicts at last broke them of that barbarity Their other they delivered to the publick in thousands of Verses unwritten only committed to Memory and passing the course of Ages by Tradition Their name of Druides some derive from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 because of a particular esteem they had for an Oak Some from Deru in the Celtick Language of the same signification They had a Chief Priest over them in the nature of a Soveraign Pontiff And we read the Gauls were so possessed by them with the belief of the immortality of the soul that they would lend mony in this world upon condition to be paid in the next Valer. Max. The Town Dreux in Normandy is supposed to be so called from these Druides Drummore Drummoria a City in the County of Lowth in the Province of Vlster in Ireland upon the River Lagang with a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Armagh Druses Druzes Drusi a people living in Grots and Caverns about the Mountain Libanus in Asia and onwards as far as to the Dead Sea following in Religion the Institutions of one Isman or Ismael a Prophet pretended which allow them to marry with their own Children or Sisters or Brothers and to live in perfect liberty from all such like precepts and ties as are in use amongst the Jews Christians and Mahometans They Traffick with the French Merchants for Silks and say they are descended from the French that went to the Conquest of the Holy Land with Godfrey of Bouillon being after the loss of Jerusalem in 1187. forced for safety to retire hither under the command of one of the House of Dreux Drut Dara a River of Carmania in Persia It falls into the Persian Gulph over against the City of Ormus having passed between Fafa and Chabon Duare a strong Fortress of Dalmatia upon a Hill not far from Almissa Taken from the Turks by the Venetians in 1646. and soon after lost again In 1652. retaken and demolished Whereupon the Turks to hinder the Incursions of the Morlaques out of Croatia rebuilt it yet in 1684. the Morlaques forced it and there is now a Venetian Garrison in it Dublin Dublinum in Irish Balacleigh the Capital City of the Kingdom of Ireland in the Province of Leinster in a County of the same Name upon the River Leffy which is the noblest River in all this Kingdom and maketh a Capacious Haven here at about twenty Leagues distance from Holyhead in Wales This City is called EBLANA by Ptolemy When or by whom it was first built is not known but old it must needs be by its being mentioned by him Saxo Grammaticus acquaints us how much it suffered by the Danes it was afterwards under Edgar King of England and Harald Harfager King of Norway In the year 1151. P. Eugenius III. made it an Archbishops See with the Title and Jurisdiction of a Primacy Henry II. having Conquered Ireland sent hither from Bristol a Colony whereby it began to Flourish more and more and became the Capital of the Kingdom the Seat of the Lieutenant the Courts of Justice and their Parliaments strengthened with a Castle on the East side built by Henry Loundres a Bishop in 1220. and near it there was a Royal Palace built by Henry II. King of England It has a College for Students which is an University of it self founded by Q. Elizabeth in in 1591. This was attempted before by Alexander Bicknor Archbishop of Dublin who in 1320. obtained from the Pope a Bull for it but the troublesome times that followed defeated that good design then at the North Gate is a Bridge of hewen Stone built by King John It has a Cathedral of great antiquity Dedicated to S. Patrick the Apostle of the Irish Nation and built at several times in which are a Dean two Archdeacons and twenty two Prebendaries there is another fair Collegiate Church in the City called Christs Church built in 1012. and about thirteen Parochial ones In more ancient times this City was Governed by a Provost but in 1409. Henry IV. granted them License to choose every year a Mayor and two Bailiffs changed into Sheriffs by Edward IV. thus far Cambden King Charles II. honored them with a Lord Mayor This City escaping the fury of the Massacre was besieged by the Parliament Forces and by the Duke of Ormond by the Kings Order delivered to the English rather than the Irish Rebels for they were now united against their King and when afterwards June 21. 1649. he indeavoured to recover it his Army was broken by a Sally and totally defeated and this City continued in their Hands till 1660. It has been extraordinarily enlarged in its Buildings in the twenty years last past The County of Dublin is bounded on the East by the Irish Sea on the West with the County of Kildare on the South by the little Territories of O Tooles and O. Brians on the North by the County of Meath and a small River called Nanny The Soil is fruitful as to every thing but Wood so that they use Sea-Coal and Turf for their Fewel It is well Inhabited Rich full of excellent Sea-Port Towns Ducey a Town of Normandy upon the River Ardee in the Diocese of Auranches Ducy a Town of Normandy betwixt Caen and S. Lo in the Diocese of Bayeux Duderstad Duderstadium a Town in the Dukedom of Brunswick upon the River Wipper eight Miles from Cassel to the North-East This Town though in the Duchy of Thuringia has belonged to the Elector of Mentz ever since 1365 and is the Capital of the Territory of Eichfeld Dudley a Market Town in
Nation The Gallaci or Gallaici of the Ancients under whom the Amphilochi of Justin the Celtici of Mela the Tamarices of Strabo the Lucentii and Lucentes of Pliny and Ptolemy have been interpreted to be comprehended dwelt here It became an Apannage with the Title of an Earldom to the younger Sons of the King of Leon and Castile after its Union with that Crown § New Galicia is a Part of New Spain in South America towards the South Sea called of old Xalisco and sometimes Guadalajara from its Capital City This is not much unlike that in Spain as to the Nature of the Soil The Inhabitants were Canibals exceeding wild and fierce when the Spaniards settled there and not easily reduced from eating Man's Flesh Galilaea a very celebrated Part of Asia on the North of Judaea at first the Inheritance of four of the Tribes of Israel Asser Naphtali Zabulon and Issachar the two first of which were intermixed with the Phoenicians and Syrians and being more Northern and nearer the Fountain of Jordan it was called Galilee of the Gentiles or the Upper Galilee and the other the Lower Galilee This Country was bounded on the North by Syria and Phoenicia from which two Nations it was divided by Mount Libanus on the East with the River Jordan on the South with Samaria cut off from it by Mount Carmel and on the West by the Mediterranean Sea The same was the Scene which our Blessed Saviour chose out of all the Earth to dignifie with his Presence in it he was conceived lived the greatest part of his time and wrought most of his Miracles It is now called Belad Elbescara that is the Western Country and is almost desolate under the Dominion of the Turks To omit so much of the Story of it as may be learned from the holy Scriptures this Country was first brought under the Roman Vassalage by Pompey the Great Anno Mundi 3887. sixty one Years before the Birth of Christ They were again conquered not without great Difficulty by Vespasian and Titus in the year of Christ 66. In all following Times it followed the Fate of the Holy Land or Palestine The Country is exceeding fruitful and in the ancient Times was extreamly populous full of great and noble Cities the principal of which were the Tower of Straton or Caesarea Caphernaum Tiberias Cana Nazareth The Inhabitants were Men of Courage neither fearing Death nor Poverty nor any thing but Slavery and of that they were infinitely impatient But Wars and the ill Government of the Mahometan Princes which have insulted over them ever since 637. have made it now desolate Gallas Gallanes or Giaques a people of the Kingdom of Monomotapa upon the Eastern Coasts of Africa towards the Indian Ocean who in 1537. broke into the Kingdom of Bali and gained some Conquests over the Abyssines in the Upper Aethiopia Ludolphus in his Aethiopick History describes them Their Country is bounded by the Nile to the West Abyssinia to the North and the Kingdom of Mono-Emugi to the East Gallia one of the greatest and best known Regions of Europe to the Ancients I have considered its present State under the Word France and here I am to say a little of its ancient Bounds and People before the Francks or French entered into it These Nations were at first called Celtae after that Galli and by the Grecians Galatae They possessed all that vast Tract of Land between Ancona in Italy and the Mouth of the Rhine from the Western Ocean of Aquitain to the Adriatick Which was divided into Gallia Transalpina and Gallia Cisalpina 1. Gallia Transalpina was divided by Julius Caesar who first conquered the greatest part of it into four Parts Provincia Romana Aquitania Celtae or Gallia properly so called and Belgium All which he saith had different Tongues Laws Manners and Governments 1. Provincia Romana was then bounded on the North with the Mountains of Gebenna and the River Rhodanus on the East with the Alpes on the South with the Mediterranean Sea and the Pyrenean Hills which divided it from Spain and on the West with the Garumna the Rhodanus cutting this Province almost in the middle after it turned to the South and ceased to be a Boundary This River is now called the Rhosne 2. Aquitania had on the North and East the Garumna now Garonne on the West the Ocean on the South Spain and the Pyrenean Hills and was the least of all the four Parts 3. Gallia Celtica was likewise the greatest bounded on the North with the River Sequana now Seyne Matrona now Marne and the Mountain Vogesus now Mont de Vauge which parted it from Gallia Belgica on the East it had also the Marne the Rhine and Alpes on the South Provincia Romana and Aquitania and on the West the British and Aquitain Ocean 4. Gallia Belgica which was the fourth Part on the North and East had the Rhine on the South Gallia Celtica and on the West the British Ocean from the Mouth of the Seyne to the South of the Rhine This vast Tract was divided into various Nations or Tribes which had sent their Colonies into the British Islands and peopled all these Tracts Yet such was the Increase or Restlessness of this People that at times they broke over all those Bounds which Nature had set about them and invaded the neighbour Nations Thus they conquer'd that part of Italy from them call'd Gallia Cisalpina being invited over the Alpes by the sweet Wines from thence about the times of Tarquinius Priscus in the year of Rome 162. 588 years before Christ Bellovesus Son of Ambigatus King of the Celtae being their Leader General or Prince Gallia Cisalpina was the Northern Part of Italy extending from Arsia now L'Arsa a River of Istria to the Alpes which bounded the Provincia Romana in the Gallia Transalpina and its borders on the North and West were the Alpes on the South the River Rubicon or as others say Aesis or as Pliny assures us Ancona and on the East they had the Adriatick Sea These People were divided into four Potent Nations viz. 1. The Insubres which dwelt from the Alpes to the River Arnus now Arno which passeth through Florence 2. The Cenomani which lay next the Insubres to the East and possessed the greatest part of Trevigiana 3. The Boii which took up the rest of Trevigiana and the Dukedom of Ferrara and so much of Romandiola as lies on the North-West side of the Rubicon 4. The Senones who passing the Rubicon inhabited all the rest of Romandiola and the Dukedom of Vrbino to Ancona according to Pliny Of all these Italian Galls the last were the most considerable These were the Men who under Brennus took and sacked the City of Rome in the year of Rome 364. But in the year 470. of Rome they were finally conquered and extirpated by the Romans The Boii were conquered by Flaminius about the year of Rome 529. and being impatient of Servitude passed over the Alpes into Germany
which it sprung A Bishops See under the Archbishop of Regio from which it lies twenty seven Miles to the North-East Giera-petra Hiera-petra Hyerpytna a City of Candia or Creet which has a Castle and an Haven such as it is and heretofore a Bishops See it lies on the South side of the Island in the Territory of Sitia near Mount Malaura sixteen Miles from Setia to the West now under the Dominion of the Turks Giessen Giessa a small but very strong City in Hassia in Germany upon the River Lhone four Leagues from Marpurg to the South It was of late years made an University and is the strongest Town in this Province under the Landtgrave of Darmstadt in part and of Cassel in part Giffhorn a Town in the Dutchy of Lunenburg in the Lower Saxony upon the River Allere three or four Leagues from Brusnwick and a little more from Zell Gigel Gigeri Gigari Igiti a City of Africa heretofore a Bishops See but now a small Village in the Province of Bugia in the Kingdom of Algier twenty seven Miles from Algier to the East upon the Shoars of the Mediterranean Taken by the French in 1664. and afterwards deserted There was another City which Ptolemy calls Colops and placeth in the Province of Zeugitania which is now called Giger Giglio Igilium Iginium Egilium a small Mountainous Island in the Tyrrhenian Sea which has in it one Village and a Castle and belonged heretofore to the Republick of Sienna with which it came into the hands of the Duke of Tuscany It lies about a Mile from the nearest Coast of Italy between 34. and 35. deg of Long. in Lat. 41. 55. Gihon one of the four Rivers springing from the Paradise of Adam and Eve Gen. 2. 13. Josephus makes it the same with the Nile others with the Araxes See Nilus Gilan Gelae Gilania a Province of Persia upon the South side of the Caspian Sea which from it is often called the Sea of Gilan The chief City of this Province is Gilan and stands upon the River Abisirni twenty five German Miles from the Caspian Sea in Long. 90. 13. and Lat. 40. Gilboa a Chain of Mountains in the Holy Land extended the length of ten or twelve Leagues from the City Jezrael to Jordan along the Tribe of Issachar and the Vpper Galilee Famous in the Jewish History for the encampment defeat and death of King Saul and his three Sons here in a Battel with the Philistines and for David's cursing these Mountains with Barrenness for Jonathan's sake They are almost all covered with Stones Taking their Name some suppose from an ancient City Gilboa As at this time we are told of a considerable Town called Gilbus standing amongst them Gilead The Mount properly in the Region of Trachonitis in Palestine whereat Jacob and Laban passed a Covenant with each other Gen. 31. But afterwards extended to express the Cities and Country adjacent which were given by Moses to the Tribe of Gad Josh 13. 25. Gillesland a Tract in the North parts of the County of Cumberland from whence the Earl of Carlisle receives the title of Baron Dacre of Gillesland Gilolo an Island in the East Indian Ocean to the west of the Moluccaes and East of the Terra des Papaous in 165. deg of Long. It has four Points of Land shooting forth into the Sea as many different ways One about twenty another fifty Leagues Long. The Capital of it is called Gilolo also Gindes a River springing from the Martian Mountains of Armenia and ending in the Tigris In which course it retarding the passage of Cyrus's Army to the Siege of Babylon he broke it into three hundred and sixty Channels Gingi Gingis a great City in the Promontory of Malabar in the East-Indies which gives Name to a Province This City was heretofore under the King of Bisnagar but has now a Prince of its own it is very strong and has a Castle built upon a Rock The Province or Kingdom of Gingi has Bisnagar to the North the Gulph of Bengala on the East the Mountains of Malabar on the West and the Kingdom of Tanjaour to the South Gingiro a Kingdom in the Lower Aethiopia towards Melincle Zanguebar and the Eastern Ocean Ginopoli Gemanopolis Jonopolis a City of Paphligonia which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Gangra It lies upon the Black Sea ten German Miles West of Carambis the most Northern Cape of the Lesser Asia Giordano Jordan Giorgiana Georgia Giovenazzo Juvenacium a Maritim City of Apulia Pucetia now Terra di Lavoro upon the Gulph of Venice between Bari to the North and Trani to the South welve Miles from the first and a little morefrom the latter In Long. 40. 50. Lat. 41. 12. This is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Bari It stands upon an Hill and is almost incompassed with the Sea Giovenco Juvencus Invectus a River of Italy in the Kingdom of Naples which falls into the Lake of Celano at the foot of the Appennine forty five Miles West of Rome in the Province of Abruzzo Heretofore it passed through the Lake without mixing with it but whether it passeth into any other River or is swallowed up by the subterraneous passages which carry away the waters of that Lake Leandro has not informed us Gir a River of Africa which rising in Biledulgerida not far from the Atlantick Ocean runs Eastward and passing under several Chains of Hills and Mountains at last falls into Nile above the Cataracts of Egypt It is a vast and wonderful River in all things and deserves a more particular description if the Counties through which it passes were so known to us as to enable us to give it Girgia See Hyrach Girigo Girgium a City of the Vpper Egypt near the Nile the Capital of a Province which takes its Name from this City betwixt Barbanda and the Sahid Otherwise written Girgilo Girmasti Caicus a River of the Lesser Asia which rising by a City of the same Name washeth Judai Pergama Caristo and Stinga then falls into the Archipelago over against the Isle of Metellino The City of Girmasti was of Old called Hierogerma and is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Cyzioeno called only Germa in the Councils being attributed by some to Mysia Minor by others to Phrygia Minor it lies between Balichstria to the East and Pergama to the West Giro or Palmacia Venaria a small Island on the Eastern Coasts of Genoua Girona Gerunda a City of Catalonia in Spain built by Gerion a celebrated Hero who is said to have lived Anno Mundi 2840. and to have been Contemporary with Hely the Judge of Israel It is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Tarragona of a large extent seated partly upon the descent of a Hill partly upon a Plain ennobled with two Bridges one in the City over the River Oingar and the other without the City on the North side over the River Ter and besides is very well fortified and honoured with the
and running Southward falls into the Propontis South of Seliurea ten German Miles South of Constantinople and six North of Perintho Gnesna Limiosaleum Gnesna a City in the Kingdom of Poland by the Germans called Gnisen it is an Archbishops See in the Palatinate of Kalish towards the Confines of Germany and was anciently called Limiosaleum This was the Royal City of Poland and is now the Seat of the Primate of that Nation and Capital of Polonia Major but daily decaying having suffered much by Fire in 1613. It lies three Polish Miles North from the River Warta seven from Kalish thirty five from Warsaw to the North-West and thirty from Dantzick to the South-West Built by Lechus I. King of Poland in a Marshy Ground The Bishoprick was founded by Mieczilaws Duke of Poland in 966. The Bishop of this See executes the Regal Office in the Interregnum of that Kingdom and summoneth the Diet for the Election of a new King He has the privilege from the Roman See to be a Legatus Natus and takes upon him to refuse to give precedence to Cardinals Gnido Cnidus Gnidus a ruined old City of Caria in the Lesser Asia seventy Miles from Halicarnassus to the East between Rhodes and Cyprus upon the Mediterranean Sea There are here many ruins of ancient Structures as a Theatre a Temple and the like which shew the Antiquity of it though now desolate and its two Havens which made it once so famous totally decayed Goa Barygasa Goa a City of the Hither East-Indies called thus by the Portuguese but Goemoat by the Natives that is the Fruitful well watered Land It lies in a small Island towards the Mouth of the River Mandova on the Shoars of the Province of Cuncan in Long. 104. 15. Lat. 15. 40. on the Western Shoar of the Cape of Malabar This Island belonged anciently to the King of Decam but in 1510. was conquered by Alfonsus Albuquerque a Portuguese Pope Paul I made it an Archbishops See and it was for a long time after the most celebrated Mart and Haven in the East-Indies great populous rich and strong though neither walled nor fortified only as it had six Forts in the Suburbs The Portuguese erected here an University made it the Seat of the Vice-Roy of the Indies and improved it as much as was possible Thus Baudrand Thevenot assures us that it has good Walls with Towers and of Cannon plenty The Island produceth Corn Cattle Fruit in abundance and wants not good Water It is still the Capital of the Portuguese Acquisitions in this remote part of the World full of Religious Houses and Churches Monks and Friers but much lessened as to its Trade by the growth of the Dutch East-India Company The Jesuits have five Houses belonging to their Order and it is pretended that the Body of S. Thomas the Apostle is preserved in this City Godalming A Market Town in the County of Surrey The Capital of its Hundred Goes Goae Tergoes a considerable Town in Zealand seated on that Branch of the Scheld which is called the Schenk a great rich and populous Town on the North Shoar of the Isle of Beuelandt four Miles East of Middleburgh and almost five from Vlilissingen to the North-East Guicciardin Goga Dunga a small City in India Propria under the Mogul in the Kingdom of Guzarat towards the North Shoar of the Bay of Barigazen sixty Spanish Leagues from Dabul to the North. Gogna Agonia a small River in the Dukedom of Milan which ariseth near the Lake called il Magiore in the County of Novarese and running Southward by Novara Mortara a little above Dorno takes in from the East the Ditombio then falls into the P◠eight Miles West of Pavia Gojame Gojamum a Kingdom in Africa in the Higher Aethiopia near the Sources of the Nile where it breaks out of the Lake Zembre or Zaire and lies on the South of the said Lake between it and the Mountains the Capital of it being Zembre a City which gives Name to the Lake between Long. 40. and 50. and South Lat. 10. and 20. Golconde Golconda a Kingdom in the Hither East-Indies near the Bay of Bengala on the North it has the Empire of the Mogul on the West the Kingdom of Decam on the South the Kingdom of Bisnagar and on the East the Bay of Bengala This is more frequently called Orixia It is a great Kingdom extended by the space of two hundred and sixty French Leagues upon the South Bay and takes the Name of Golconda from the Capital City which lies between the River Guenga and the Mountains of Balagua a great and noble City adorned with such a stately Pagod or Temple for the Indian Worship as gains the preserence with some Travellers before the most admired Ediflces in all Asia sixty Leagues from the Port of Masilupatam to the North and fifty from the nearest Coast of the Ocean to the West The other Cities are Conteripatam Caregare Orixa Masilupatam Narfingapatam and Maliapaura or S. Thomas This Prince is one of the most powerful in the Indies It is a pleasant Country to travel in by reason of the Rice and Corn and the many lovely Keservatories The Earth also is rich in Mines of Diamonds Monsieur Thevenot in his Travels assures us that Golconda is only a Castle where the King of Orixa resides and that the City is called Bagnagar a great populous rich well Traded City in Southern Lat. 17. 10. adorned with many noble Structures and fine Gardens though the common People live in low thatched ill contrived Hutts The Castle of Golconda stands two Miles West of Bagnagar upon a Hill rising like a Sugar-Loa◠secured by a Dike which is very deep and a Wall of Stones three Foot in length and breadth the Ditches are filled with fair and good Water besides this Wall it has five round Towers with a great many Cannon mounted both on the Wall and Towers for the defence of the Place The Prince of this Country is a Mahometan Tributary to the Great Mogul he has vast Revenues being the Proprietor of all the Lands in his Kingdom and his Tolls yield him a great Sum of Money Goldhurst or Goudhurst à Market Town in the County of Kent in Scray Lath. Goletta or Goulette Calache a Fort in the Kingdom of Tunis built by Charles V. in 1535. at the entrance of the Bay of Tunis which was taken by the Turks in 1574. and since enlarged by them with a capacious Port a Custom-house two Mosques and a Prison for Christian Slaves Golfo di Arabia Sinus Arabicus See the Red Sea famous for the passage of the Children of Israel That which we call a Bay or Arm of the Sea or a Sea restrained within narrower Bounds as opposed to the word Ocean is by the Italians Spanish and Portuguese called Golfo so that in their account there is a vast number of Golfoes or Gulphs But I will only take notice here of the more remarkable and to which the
falls into the River Oakre Obater Gostynin Gostinia a small Town and a Castellany thereto belonging in the Palatinate of Rava in the Great Poland two Miles from the Vistula and Ploczko to the South which has a Castle tolerably strong This small Place was made famous by the Imprisonment and Death of Susicius Great Duke of Muscovy Gotham Egates Aegates a knot of small Islands in the Mediterranean Sea over against the Western Point of Sicily upon the Coast of Africa Gothardsberg or S. Gothard Adula Summae Alpes a considerable Branch of the Swiss Alpes between the Dutchy of Milan and Switzers where the Pennine Alpes begin it lies in part in the Canton of Vri and in part in the Upper League of the Grisons between Altorff to the North and the Town of Belinzona once a Town of the Dutchy of Milan now belonging to the Swiss upon the River Tesino to the South the parts of this Mountain are Grispaltsberg from whence springeth the first Branch of the Rhine Vogselberg called by the Italians il monte Vccello from whence comes the second Branch of the Rhine Mont Furk from whence the Rhosne and the Tesino Mont Grimsel the Mother of the Aar and Russ which do both afterwards fall into the Rhine It is dangerous to pass this Branch of the Alpes without Guides being ordinarily covered with Snow Gothen Gotha a small City in Thuringia in Germany built by the Goths which is now under the Duke of Gotha a Branch of the House of Saxony whose Castle is Grimmestein This place was heretofore very strong but in the time of Ferdinand I. it was destroyed and in later times rebuilt and called Freidenstein It stands three German Miles from Erford to the West and four from Eysenach § The Dukedom of Gotha is a part of the Vpper Saxony under the Dominion of its own Duke who is a Branch of the Line of Weymar and besides this possessed of Altenburg in Misnia Coburg a part of Hennenberg in Franconia and Osterland in the Vpper Saxony Gothebourg or Gotembourg a very strong City with an Harbour belonging to it in the Province of Westrogothia at the entrance of the Baltick Sea three German Miles from Bahuys to the South sixty six from Stockholm to the South-West and seventeen from Skagen the most Northern Point of Jutland to the North-West In this City Charles IX King of Sweden died in 1660. § There is another Town of the same Name in New York formerly called New Sweden in America built by the Swedes but taken from them by the Hollanders and taken again from the Hollanders by the English Gotland Gothia the South part of the Kingdom of Sweden called by the Inhabitants Gutlandt by the Swedes Gota by the Germans Gotlandt It lies between Sweden properly so called Norway to the North and the Baltick Sea from Norway it is again divided by the vast Lake Wener and the River that issueth out of it This great space of Land is divided into three parts or Provinces West Gota Ost Gota and Sod Gota each of which is again subdivided into lesser Provinces In Ostrogothia is Ost Gota Smaland Oeland and an Island in the Baltiek Sea called Gotland In Sod or South Gota which lies next Denmark being separated from it only by the Sound are Skone Haland and Bleking which three belonged heretofore to the Danes but in 1658. by the Treaty of Roschild were yielded to the Swedes In Westrogothia are Daal and Wermeland the principal Cities in these Provinces are Calmar Gottenbourg Bahuys and Landskroon This was the Country of that Nation of the Goths which contributed so very much to the ruin of the Western Roman Empire being associated in their Conquests by the Rugii the Carini the Sidrones the Vandali and others They began to be taken notice of under Decius the Emperour in the year of Christ 251. Theodosius conquered them after this when they had but a little before ruined Valens his Predecessor Alaricus took Rome and laid all Italy desolate in the Reign of Honorius A. D. 409. after whom Atulphus set up the Kingdom of Wisigoths or Western Goths in Aquitania and Narbon in France which was conquered in 506. or rather removed into Spain where it continued three hundred years till Rodericus the last King of this Race was overthrown and slain by the Moors and Saracens of Africa Of all which I shall speak more largely in the proper places This people had a Bishop named Theophilus assisting at the General Council of Nice under Constantine the Great and another Vlphilas who was a famous Arrian § The Island of Gotland aforementioned in the Baltick Sea is about twelve Leagues long from North to South and five broad from East to West and nine Swedish Miles from the Isle of Oeland to the East with the City Wisburg for its Capital Gottingen Dulgibiorum Dulgumniorum Munitium Juliphurdum Gottinga Gottengen a City of the Lower Saxony in the Dukedom of Brunswick upon the River Leyne five German Miles from Limbecke on the same River to the South twelve from Paterborne to the East and sixteen from Mansfelt to the West the River upon which it stands a little beneath Ferden falls into the Weser above Bremen to the East six Miles Gottorp a Castle near Sleswick in the Province of Jutland in Denmark which is the ordinary residence of the Dukes of Holstein entituled Gottorp from hence in distinction from the Dukes of Holstein Regalis Two Branches of the same Family from Christian III. King of Denmark See Holstein Gotz See Emmaus Goualiar or Govaleor a City and Province of the same Name of the Empire of the Great Mogul in India on this side the Ganges to the East of Agra The former is esteemed one of the most considerable places in the Indies where the Emperour keeps his Treasure and confines the Prisoners of State Goude Gauda a Town and Port of Holland upon the Issel which there receives the River Gou which last gives Name to this place in an advantageous situation upon the account of the Sluces five Leagues from Leyden It is said to have been built in the year 1272. and afterwards in 1420. to have been quite destroyed by fire The Town-house is remarked for a good Building Gouel a River of the Kingdom of Bengale in the East-Indies where Diamonds are found Governo Acroventum a Town in the Dutchy of Milan but under the Dominion of the Republick of Venice upon the Po where the River Menzo comes to join it between Mantoua and Concordia Memorable for the Enterview at it of Pope Leo and Attila King of the Hunns Gournay Gornacum a Town in the Territory of Bray in Normandy upon the River Epte five Leagues from Gisors § There is another of the same Name in the Isle of France upon the Frontiers of Picardy and the River Aronde betwixt Compiegne Noyen and Clermont en Beauvais Gozi Thera and Island near Candia Gozo Gaulos and by the Inhabitants called Gaudisch is a
now exempted and is one of the States united in the Dutch League § Het Groeningerlandt the Province belonging to this City was heretofore a part of Friesland It s present bounds on the North are the German Ocean and the overflown Shallows on the West Friesland divided from it by the River Lavica on the South Overyssel and on the East East-Friesland from which it is divided by the vast Lake called Dollert The principal City is Groeningen It was of old subject to the Bishop of Vtretcht from whom the City revolted and put it self under the Duke of Guelderland in 1515. It submitted also to Charles V. in 1536. and under that Family continued till 1594. when it was taken by the Forces of the Vnited Provinces from the Spaniards This Province enjoys the last Voice in the Assemblies of the States General Groen-Land or green-Green-Land Gronia called by the French Terreverte by the Dutch Spitsbergen is a considerable part of the Artick Continent which lies more North than Island First discovered by Ericus Rufus an Islander in 982. After this it was searched and inhabited towards the Shoars by the Danes and Norwegians In 1256. Magnus King of Norway sent a Royal Navy to reduce the Inhabitants who had refused to pay him Tribute But from 1379 all Navigation thither was intermitted and the Inhabitants heard of no more The more Southern parts were again discovered about the end of the last Century by Martin Forbisher an Englishman George Monk a Dane and others yet there can very little be said of it remarkable but its Harbours frequented by the Europeans for Fishing By several advances in succeeding times the Land is discovered to deg 78. of Latitude whether it be an Island or a part of the American or any other Continent is not known Hofman saith the Inhabitants live on Fish and Fowl whereas most I might perhaps say all that have sailed thither pretend to have found no other Inhabitants than Wolves Bears Foxes and Deer It s moâ—â— Southern Cape is in deg 66. of Latitude It has perpetual day during our Summer and Night during our Winter and three months longer for their Summer lasts only three months and fourteen days Grol Grolle or Groenlo Grola is a City belonging to the Vnited Provinces in Guelderland in the District of Zutphen little but well fortified and seated upon the River Slinke Taken from the Dutch by the Marquess of Spinola in 1605. Again by the Dutch in 1617. By the French in 1672. and again deserted in 1674 This City is in the borders of Westphalia and of the Bishoprick of Munster four Leagues from Zutphen to the East There is a Tract written by Grotius entituled Obsidio Grollae Groneburgh See Tavasthus Grosseto Grossetum Rosetum a small City in the State of Siena in Italy upon the Sea Shoar which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Siena and has a Castle that is very strong It stands about three Miles from the River Ombrone to the North-West near the Lake of Prilis now di Castiglione or di Buriano and four from Siena South This City sprung up out of the ruins of Rusellae which stood about two Miles from it Grosso Ticarius a River of Corsica on the South side of the Island Groswerder an Island of Prussia at the Mouth of the Vistula Grosverner or le Grand Brenner that part of the Alpes next Trent Grotkaw Grotkavia a small City of Bohemia in Silesia the Capital of a Dukedom of the same Name under the Dominion of the Bishop of Breslaw from which it is distant seven Miles to the South and thirteen from Prague to the East The Dukedom of Grotkaw is a part of the Vpper Silesia in Bohemia which has belonged to the Bishoprick of Breslaw from the times of Priteslaus Pogarellus Bishop of that Diocese who bought it of Bolâ—slaus Duke of Lignitz and Brieg and annexed it for ever to this See It lies between the Dukedom of Oppelen to the East Monsterberg to the West Brieg to the North and Niessa to the South Grotkaw and Niessa are the principal places in it La Grotta de Cani a pestilential Cavern near the Lake Agnano in Italy four Leagues from Naples towards Pozzuoli call'd likewise the Cavern of Charon from the mortal malignity of the Air and Vapours within it In 1628. Kircher says he tryed the experiment of letting down a dog into it which thereupon became as perfectly dead but taken up and plunged in the Lake Agnano he revived again to 1. Mund. Subter And from this sort of quality it comes to bear the name of de Cani La Grotta di Napoli Crypta Neapolitana a Read cut a-cross the foot of the Mountain Posilipo twelve foot deep and broad and half a League long in the way betwixt Naples and Pozzuoli in Italy for the convenience of a shorter Passage from the one to the other It was the work of Lucullus who empoly'd a hundred thousand men about it and finished it in fifteen days Grubenhagen a Castle and Territory in the Lower Saxony in the Dukedom of Brunswick towards the Mountains not far from the River Leina almost five Miles from Gottingen to the North and eight from Goslar to the South-West twenty seven from Bremen to the South-East This is the Capital of a Dukedom the only City in which is Eimberke two Miles North of this Castle which belongs to the Duke of Brunswick Hannover Gruninghen a Town in the Principality of Halberstad in the Lower Saxony Guadajox Salsum a River of Andalusia which at first was called Biboras or Viboras but taking in the two small Rivolets of Tovazo and Salado it has the name of Guadajox and falls into the Guadalquivir between Sevil and Cordova Guadalajara Guadalaxara a City in New Spain which is the Capital of New Gallicia and is very considerable being seated upon the River Baranja and built in 1531 by the Spaniards under whom it is This is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Mexico ever since 1570 when the See was translated from Compostella hither and the Seat of the Parliament or Courts of Justice of this Province It is forty Leagues distant from the South Sea and eighty from Mexico to the West standing in a well watered and fruitful Plain The Province of New Gallicia called of old Xalisco hath the name given it sometimes of Guadalajara from this City § Guadalajara a Town in New Castile the Capital of Algar upon the River Henares four Leagues from Henares Complutum to the East and nine from Madrid it has been called Carraca Guadalaviar Durias Turia a River in Valentia in Spain it ariseth in Arragon in the Confines of New Castile near the Head of Tagus Tajo and running Eastward watereth Albarazin and Tervel then turning South it entereth the Kingdom of Valentia and by the Capital City of it falls into the Bay of Valentia over against Majorca Guadalentin Chrysius Terebs a River of Spain which ariseth in Granada near Guadix and
a Market Town in the County of Suffolk in the Hundred of Risbridg not far from the head of the River Stower Havessen Cimmeriorum Populi a Province in Georgia upon the Caspian Sea as Ortelius conjectures from the Description of Haiton the Armenian But not being called by this Name by our later Travellers it can be no further described here Havre de Grace Portus Gratiae a strong Sea-Port Town in Normandy in France which has a well fortified Castle and an excellent Haven Seated at the Mouth of the Seyne in the Païs de Caux eighteen Leagues beneath Roan to the West fifteen from Caudebec and almost twenty from Dieppe to the South upon the Shoars of the British Seas over against Shorham in Sussex This Town was in 1563. put into the hands of Q. Elizabeth by the Protestants of France then ingaged in War against their King as a Cautionary Place a Peace was soon after concluded without any regard taken of that Princess or her Interest by those she succoured And not contented with this both Parties joyning against the English then commanded by the Earl of Warwick besieged the Town which being surrounded with Enemies without and wasted by the Plague within was forced in a short time to surrender to the French It is now one of the Keys of that Kingdom Haut-Combe a Village in the Principality of Savoy one League distant from Bellay where there is an Abbey of Cistercians and a remarkable Fountain which twice in an hour ebbs and flows Haut-Riue Alta-Ripa a Town in Languedoc upon the River Auriege Alburacis which ariseth in de Foix from the Pyrenean Hills and falls into the Guaronne four Miles from Tolouse to the South Haux Halla See Hall in Hainault Hawkeshead a Market Town in Lancashire and the Hundred of Loynsdale in a hilly and wooddy Country Hay a Market Town in the County of Brecknock in Wales in the Hundred of Talgarth La Haye Haga Com. See Hague Haye du Routol Haga Brotona a Village in the Forest of Routal in France La Haye en Touraine Haga Turonica a Town in Touraine upon the River Crausia Creuse ten Leagues from Tours to the South in the Confines of Poictou three Miles from Noyers to the East where the Creuse falls into the Vienne This Town gave Birth to des Cartes the famous modern Philosopher who died at Stockholm in Sweden in 1650. And it is besides remark'd with the Title of a Barony Hayâ—sham A Market Town in the North Riding of Yorkshire in the Hundred of Bulmer Haynan or Hainan an Island upon the Coast of the Province of Quangtung in China abounding with fine Woods Forests and Fruits and Mines of Gold and Silver It s capital City is Kiuncheu which with twelve other Cities lying upon the Sea Coast belongs to the Emperor of China whilst the inland parts remain under the possession of the Natives Upon the Northern Coast of this Island they find much Pearl Hayne See Haisne Haynburgh by corruption Hamburgh Comagenum a small Town in the Lower Austria on the Confines of Hungary upon the Danube six German Miles from Vienna to the East and three from Presburg West near which are the Mountains of Kâ—â—nberg called heretofore Comagenus Mons. This Town is remarkable for nothing but its Antiquity having been a Roman Town Hea a Province of the Kingdom of Morocco in Barbary bounded by the River Ecifelmeli to the East the Mountain Atlas to the South and the Ocean to the North and West Headon or Heydon an antient Borough Town in the East Riding of Yorkshire in the Hundred of Holderness upon a small River near its fall into the Humber and a few Miles East of Hull whose rise has occasioned the decay of this place It has the Election of two Parliament Men. Hebal or Ebal a Mountain of Palestine in the Tribe of Ephraim from whence Joshua pronounced a multitude of Curses upon the Violaters of the Jewish Law Some make it to be but a part of Mount Gerizim Hebrides the same with the Ebudae Hebron an antient and famous City of the Holy Land in the Tribe of Juda near to which the Patriarch Abraham did abide It was the Capital of the Country of the Philistines and afterwards taken by Joshua and given to Caleb his General David retiring to it after the death of Saul came to be elected King here and made it his residence seven years till the taking of Jerusalem It had the honour to be advanced to an Episcopal See when Christianity was re-established in Palestine but now almost ruined Hecatompylis a Name antiently given to the Cities Thebes Haspaam c. from their having 100 Gates Hecâ—a a burning Mountain in Island near the City Schalholt in the South part of the Isle The Natives call it one of the mouths of Hell It vomits Floods and Rivers of Fire like Aetna and Vesuvius notwithing its nearness to the Polar Circle Hegow Hegovia a small Territory in the Circle of Schwaben between the Lake of Zell or the Zeller Sea to the East and Schwartzwaldt or the Black Wood to the West not above six German Miles in length In part under the House of Austria and in part under the Duke of Brandenburgh Heidelburgh Edelberga Budoris Heidelberga The chief City of the Palatinate of the Rhine seated in a Plain at the foot of an Hill upon the River Necker which is covered here with a woodden Bridge This is a great well peopled place and the usual Residence of the Elector Palatine who has here a noble and magnificent Castle built upon an Hill It stands three Miles from Spires to the North-East ten from Franckfort upon the Main to the South and twenty from Vlm to the North-West Said to be a Fee of the Bishoprick of Worms and that it was granted to Lewis Count Palatine in 1225. by Henry Bishop of VVorms Robert Count Palatine afterwards Emperor in 1392. as Marquardus Freherus saith much enlarged it and joined the Village of Berghimb to it as a Suburb Rupertus Count Palatine in 1346. opened here an University and endowed it with great Privileges In 1622 this City was taken by the Spaniards and plundered and the Noble Library which the Princes Palatine had collected was sent to Rome In the long Swedish War it was taken and retaken several times till at last in 1649. by the Treaty of Munster it was restored to its former Master In 1688. October 25. both the City and Castle were surrendred to the French This City is supposed to be the Budoris of Ptolemy and was in ancient times the Seat of the Vangiones Heiden Heida a Town in Holstein Heidenheim Ara Flavia a Town in Schwaben Herâ—a Hela a Town in Prussia Polonica upon the Bay of Pautzkerwick almost encompassed by the Baltick Sea It stands four German Miles from Dantzick to the North burnt in 1572. by an accidental Fire but since rebulit Heilichlandt Actania Saxonum Insula a small Island belonging to the Duke of Holstein six Miles
of Edessa at first but afterwards it became the Metropolis it self Seated in the Province of Diarbeck near the River Chabor forty Miles from Edessa sixty from Euphrates to the East The Tartars under Tamberlane treated this City with great Cruelty since that it has been in a declining condition and now not much inhabited It is mentioned several times in the Holy Scriptures upon the account of Abraham's sojourning and burying his Father Terah here before he went into the Land of Canaan Gen. 11. 31. Acts 7. 4. in which last place it is called Charran in Mesopotamia And by Pliny and Ptolemy Charrae It s Long. is 73. 20. Lat. 36. 10. Heresbach a Town in the Diocese of Cleves in Germany Heri Aria a Province in Persia in Asia more commonly called Hera or Herat it has a City and a River of the same Name This River in the later Maps called Pulimoilon riseth out of the Mountains of Cassubi and washing the Walls of this City on all sides it standing in an Island falls into the Lake of Burgian The City is called Ser-heri in Long. 100. 13. and Lat 36. 20. Ninety German Miles West of Candahar one hundred and twenty South-East of the Caspian The Roses of this Province are thought the best in the World The Province of Heri is a part of that of Chorasan which is one of the most rich fertile and populous Provinces in all Persia In the City of Heri are made the best Persian Tapestries on which and other accounts it is much frequented by the Indians who must pass through it in their way to Persia See Olearius his Travels Herit Adramitae a Province in Arabia the happy Herma or Erma a City of Galatia called Germa or Therma by the ancient Geographers and now sometimes Germaste It stands in the Confines of Bithynia and Phrygia upon the River Sagarium Sacrio where it falls into the Casilirnach which falls into the Euxine Sea at Cagani twenty one German Miles East of Scutari This City is placed thirty six German Miles East of Bursia Now an Archbishop's See Long. 60. 10. Lat. 42. 25. Hermanstad Cibinium a City in Transylvania commonly by the Inhabitants called Seben and Zeben by the Italians Cibinio by the Germans Hermanstad The Capital of that Dukedom the Seat of the Prince a great populous strong well-built City seated in a Plain upon the River Cibinium Cibin which a little lower falls into the Aluta The Inhabitants are Saxons it stands fifteen Miles from Clausemberg to the East and eight from Alba Julia. A Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Colocza though there is now no Bishop of it The late Duke of Lorrain of famous Memory in November 1687. put into this place a Garrison of three thousand Imperialists by the agreement of Prince Abafti then Prince of Transylvania to enjoy the same for their Winter Quarters Hermanstein or Erenbreitstein Eremberti lapis a Castle in the Bishoprick of Trier in Germany upon the Rhine near its Confluence with the Moselle standing on a Rock that is on all sides inaccessible which makes it one of the strongest in Germany It sustained a long Siege in the year 1637. and could only at last be taken by Famine Hermanville a place near Calais in France Herndall Herndalia a part of Norway on this side the Mountains of Norway by the Province of Jemplandt on which depends Nomedale Hellegelandt Frostein Inder Heroa and some others which together with it were yielded to the Swedes in 1645. by the Danes Herou Heropolis a City of Egypt near the bottom of the Red Sea ninety miles from Damiata to the South-East about thirty five English Miles from Sues to the West and sixty from the next Shoar of the Mediterranean to the South Mentioned by Pliny and Ptolemy It s Long. 63. 30. Lat. 29. 50. Herstal Heristel or Haristal a Town upon the Maes near Liege in Westphalia adorned heretofore with a magnificent Palace built by Pepin King of France who resided so frequently at it that in the French History he is sirnamed Pepin of Heristel This Palace was afterwards destroyed by the Normans Hersteld a City in the Circle of Westphalia in Germany upon the River Weser belonging to the Bishops of Paderborne since the year 1608. The People of Paderborne conspiring once against their Bishop the Episcopal See was removed from Paderborne hither which was re-established at Paderborne again in 799. Charles the Great also resided here some considerable time Hertford Durocobriva a Town in a County of the same name in the South of England upon the River Lea or Ligean as the Saxons called it which runs through it In 607. here was a Synod Now saith Mr. Cambden it is not very populous yet for its Antiquity it deserves-regard It has given Name to this County and is reputed the Shire-Town It has a Castle built as some think by Edward the Elder enlarged by the Family De Clare to whom it belonged as Earls of Hertford in the times of Henry II. and King Stephen Afterwards it belonged to the Crown Edward III. granted it to John of Gaunt his Son then Earl of Richmond and after Duke of Lancaster Hertfordshire Herfordiae Comitatus Cattieuchlani hath on the North Cambridgeshire on the West Bedfordshire and Buckinghamshire on the South Middlesex and on the East Essex it is very fruitful as to Corn and Pasture has plenty of Woods and Groves and for great Towns and Rivers it may vye with most Counties in England considering its bigness This County had first for Earls or Marquesses the Family De Clare who for seven Descents between 1139. and 1314. enjoyed this Title Being extinguished Henry VIII in 1537. created Edward Seymour Viscount Beauchamp Earl of Hertford who afterward in 1551. was made Duke of Sommerset being the fourteenth Earl and seventh of his Family who hath born this amongst other Titles of Honour Hertogenraiad Rodia Ducis a Town in Holland Hertzogthumb in the High Dutch signifies a Dukedom and is frequently used by them So Hertzogthumb Bremen is the Dukedom of Bremen Hertzogthumb Ferden is the Dukedom of Ferden Heruli an ancient People of the Country now called the Dukedom of Meckleburg in the Lower Saxony in Germany towards the Baltick Sea who established themselves in Italy in the fifth Century and were of the number of those Barbarians that formed their States upon the ruin of the Roman Empire Odoacer their King dispossessed Augustulus in the year 476. and having reigned about seventeen years he was slain by Theodorick King of the Ostrogoths The Emperor Justinian granted them Lands to cultivate whereupon they not only gave themselves entirely to him but became Christians and Gethesius their King was baptized in 528. Till this Conversion their Customs were to offer Men in Sacrifices to their Gods to kill the sick and aged to oblige Wives not to survive their Husbands and to indulge themselves in every voluptuousness Hervorden Hervordia a City in VVestphalia in the County of
the Sepulchre which till then had been reverenced by all Men but Jews Ever since this it has been in the Possession of the Mahometans as they at times prevailed one upon another It continued under the Sultans of Egypt till 1517 when Selim Emperor of the Turks took it from them and under this Family it is at this day called by the Turks Elkods that is the Holy City It is at this day the principal Place in Palestine seated saith Mr. Sandys on a rocky Mountain every way to be ascended except a little on the North with steep Descents and deep Valleys about it which do naturally fortifie it for the most part it is environed with other not far removed Mountains as if placed in the midst of an Amphitheatre On the East is Mount Olivet separated from the City by the Valley of Jehosaphat which also circleth a part of the North and affords a passage to the Brook of Kedron on the South is the Mountain of Scandal with the Valley of Gehinnon on the West formerly it was fenced with the Valley and Mountain of Gthon Mount Sion lay within the City which stood upon the South side of it on the East side of this Mountain stood the famous Temple and between the City and the Temple the King's Palace Mount Calvary which formerly lay without the City to the North-West is now well nigh the heart of it the visiting the Holy Sepulchre being the almost only reason why Jerusalem at this day has any being The Inhabitants of it are not many for the most part Monks and Religious Persons of all Nations miserably oppressed by the Turks who seek all opportunities to impoverish and injure them This City stands forty Miles from Joppe and the Mediterranean Sea a hundred and sixty from Damascus to the South three hundred from Grand Cairo to the North-East and four hundred from Alexandria commonly believed to have been built by Melchisedech and called Salem from him It had divers Names of old expressed in this Distich Solyma Lusa Bethel Hierosolyma Jebus Elia Vrbs sacra Jerusalem dicitur atque Salem For above eleven hundred years together this City was the Queen of the East None ever so sacred yet none ever hath suffered greater Profanations than it The Emperor Titus erected a Temple here to Jupiter Capitolinus and Adrian in derision both of Judaism and Christianity engraved a Swine upon the Gate of Bethlehem dedicated a Chappel to Venus upon Mount Calvary another to Jupiter in the place of our Saviour's Sepulchre and a third to Adonis in Bethlehem all which continued till the Reign of Constantine the Great See Bethlehem and Calvary The Church of Jerusalem is the Mother of Christendom sanctified by the Death of Christ the Descent of the Holy Spirit the Preachings of the Apostles a General Council of the Apostles in the year 49 or 50 and the Martyrdom of S. James its first Bishop The Council of Nice allowed this Church the style and dignity of a Patriarchate tho at the same time subjecting it in point of Jurisdiction to the Bishops of Caesarea But in 553. in the fifth General Council or the second of Constantinople that Subjection was reversed and not only the See of Caesarea but Scythopolis and Berytus were made subject to this Church After Christianity received its Restauration by the Arms of Godfrey of Bouillon Jerusalem bore the Title of a Kingdom which continued from the year 1099 to 1187. in the Persons of about eight Christian Kings from the said Godfrey with possession of the Lands and Rights of a Crown But Frederick II. and others after who enjoy'd the Title of Kings of Jerusalem possessed no Land in Palestine It lies in Long. 69. 30. Lat. 31. 20. according to Mr. Fuller Others say Long. 69. 00 Lat. 32. 44. Ieselbas Margiana a part of the Province of Chorasan in the Kingdom of Persia Iesi Aesium a City in the Marchia Anconitana in the Dominions of the Church which is a Bishops See immediately under the Pope it is but small and stands upon an Hill by the River Jesi six Miles from the Confines of the Dukedom of Vrbino twenty three from Ancona to the West Iesselmeer or Gislemere a City and Kingdom under the Great Mogul lying North of the Kingdom of Guzarat on this side the Ganges the City is great a hundred and twenty Miles from the River Indus to the East and the same from Guzarat to the North. The Kingdom lies amongst the Mountains Terra de Iesso or Yezo Essonis Terra a large Country towards China and Japan discovered by the Hollanders in 1643. It is joyned by some to the North parts of Japan by others separated from it by a Streight of fifteen Miles broad All agree it is of a great extent from East to West The chiefest City is Matzumay which is the Capital of a Province of the same name but no European having yet setled here it is very little known The later Voyagers have discovered a Streight betwixt Tartary and this Country which they call the Streights of Jesso Iesual another Kingdom belonging to the Great Mogul in the East-Indies betwixt the Kingdom of Patna with the River Ganges to the West and that of Vdessa with the Mountains to the East The chief City is Rajapour Iesupol a very strong Town and Castle in Podolia in Poland on the Confines of Pocuock upon the River Bistris Ieter Jatrus a River of Mysia in the Lesser Asia Ietsegen and Iesten or Jetsengo two considerable Territories or Provinces in Japan in the Island of Niphon subdivided into divers other Provinces Jetsegen has the Region of Quanto to the East and Jetson to the West The latter is bounded by Jamaisoit to the West Iex and Jexdi Hecatompylos a City of Persia If Hypaea one of the Hyeres Iglaw Iglova Iglavia Giblova a City of the Kingdom of Bohemia but in Moravia upon the River Iglaw on the Confines of Bohemia twenty four German Miles from Prague and ten from Lentz This City is reasonably well peopled Igliaco Peneius a River on the West of the Morea Ihor a City and Kingdom at the most Southern Point of the Promontory of Malacca in the East-Indies over against the Isle of Sumatra distant little more than one degree and a half from the Line in Long 129. 31. The King is a potent Prince in these parts The City Ihor is situated upon a River which falls into the Ocean near the Promontory of Sincapura where it has a good Port. Iksworth or Ickworth a Market Town in the County of Suffolk in the Hundred of Thingo retaining in its Name says Mr. Cambden the memory of the antient Iceni who dwelt in a part of this County The remains of a Priory founded by Gilbert Blunt sometime Lord of the Town and of a Guildhall are yet extant A Pot of Roman Coyns bearing the Inscriptions of divers Roman Emperors was digged up here not many years since Ila Yla Epidia one of the Western
entereth the Dukedom of Bavaria where being augmented by several other Rivers it falls into the Danube at Passaw over against Ilstat Inspruck or Insprug Oenipons is the Capital City of the County of Tyrol in Germany little but neat and populous built in a fruitful Valley upon the River In or Inns over which it has a Bridge and from whence it has its Name at the foot of the Alpes It has a neat strong Castle in which the Dukes of Austria have sometimes resided Walled by Otho the Great in 1234. but those Walls are not now maintained it is under the Emperour This City stands twenty Miles from Saltzburgh to the South-West and eighteen from Trent to the North. Most memorable for the shameful Flight of Charles V. in 1552. when Maurice Duke of Saxony Albert Marquess of Brandenburgh and William Landtgrave of Hessen joining their Forces suddenly took Auspurg twenty Miles from hence to the North-West in four days thence marching directly for Inspruck they took in their passage Eresburgh which was thought Impregnable and put that Prince with Ferdinando his Brother then at Inspruck into such a fright that they were forced to cross the Alpes in the dead of the night by Torch-light many of the Nobility not having so much as an Horse to ride on The next day these Confederate Princes took the Town plundered all they found belonging to the Emperour and Spaniards but spared the Towns Mens Goods and Houses This Action put an end to all the Projects of that Prince in Germany and has established the German Liberty then in great danger of ruin In 1689. about January this City suffered much by the repeated shocks of an Earthquake Instad Oenostadium a Suburb of the City of Passaw upon the Eastern Bank of the River Inn where it falls into the Danube Ioannipoli Jambol a City of Bulgaria which is a Bishops See Iocelin Josselinum a Town in Bretagne in France upon the River Ouste which coming from S. Quintin falls into the River Vilaine near Redon It stands sixteen Miles from Rennes to the West and as many from S. Brieux to the North-West Ioden Judaei the Jews Iâ—gues Gymnosophistae a Heathen Sect of Philosophers of great Antiquity in the East-Indies still extant Ioigny Joviniacum a City in France upon the River Yonne Icauna in Champagne in the Territory of Sens which is built at the foot of an Hill and has splendid Castle belonging to it written by some Iviniacum Ioinville Joanvilla a small Town in Champagne in France upon the River Marne Matrona eight Leagues from Chaumont to the North eighteen from Chalons to the South-East Ennobled with the Title of a Principality by Henry II. of France in 1552. in favour of Francis of Lorrain Duke of Guise Iolcos an ancient Maritime Town in Thessalia upon the Archipelago at the foot of the Mountain Pelion and near the Cities Demetrias and Pagasae The famous Argonautae were said to embarque here It has been since called Iaco. Iona Ibona Hii an Island on the West of Scotland famous for the Sepulchres of the old Scotch Kings The chief Town is Sodore a Bishops See in time past who had in his Jurisdiction all these Western Isles and the Isle of Man This See was erected in 840. This is the same with Cholmkil and lies five Miles from Dunstafag to the North-West Ionia a fruitful Province of the Lesser Asia betwixt Caria and Aetolia now called by the Turks Quiscon Famous in ancient times for many considerable Cities and Noble Temples standing in it as also for a Sect of Philosophers called the Ionian Sect who were of the Disciples of Thales of Miletus The Sea betwixt Greece and Sicily towards Macedonia Epirus Achaia and the Peloponnesus anciently bore the Name of the Ionian Sea which Name some derive from Javan the Son of Japhet Ionne Joanna a River written also Yonne it ariseth in the Dukedom of Burgundy from the Mountain called Morvant near the Castle of Chinone and visiteth the City of Clamesy in Nivergne and Cretian where it takes in the Cure after which passing on the East of Auxerre it becomes sufficient for the passage of Boats of some Bulk and admits the Serine and Armancione then passing by Sens falls into the Seyne at Montreau sur Yonne seventeen Leagues above Paris Ionquera Juncaria an old Roman Town mentioned by Antoninus and Ptolemy It is in Catalonia at the foot of the Pyrenean Hills near the Passage called Col de Pertus in the Confines of Rousillon and France three Leagues West from the Mediterranean Sea five from Perpignan to the South and seven from Girona to the North-East Ionquieres Juncariae a Town in Provence in France upon the Mediterranean Sea five Leagues from Marseille to the West and fifteen from Avignon to the South Iortan Jortanum a City and Kingdom on the North side of the Island of Java in the East-Indies The City has a good frequented Port betwixt the Streights of Palambuam and Passarvan Also a River of the same Name Ios an Island of the Aegean Sea to the North of Candia one of the ancient Sporades Famous heretofore for the Tomb of Homer according to Pliny Iotapata an ancient City of Palestine besieged taken and ruined by the Emperour Vespasian at the same time that Josephus the Jewish Historian assisted in its defence who describes the Siege Ant. Jud. l. 3. Iouare or Jouars Jotrum an Abbey of the Benedictines in the Province of Brie in France in the Diocese of Meaux where a Council was celebrated in 1130. Iour Jura a Mountain which divides France from Switzerland Ioura or Jero Gyarus Giaros Giara a small and barren Island of the Archipelago whether the Romans used relegare their Criminals i. e. in the sense of the Roman Law in opposition to deportare to banish them for a determinate or indeterminate time Juvenal understands the same place in his Aude aliquid brevibus gyaris carcere c. There is nothing at this day to be found upon it but Fishermens Cabbins Iourdain Jordan Jordanes is the greatest River in the Holy Land or Palestine and the most celebrated in the Holy Scriptures called at this day by the Inhabitants Scheriah It ariseth in the Confines of Coelosyria from two Fountains Jor and Dan both at the foot of Mount Libanus four Miles above Caesarea Philippi and running Southward it maketh two Lakes first that of Meroz then that of Capernaum called also the Sea of Galilee and having watered several of the ancient Cities of the Land of Canaan none of which are now extant it falls into the Dead Sea or Lake of Sodom It is the greatest or rather the only River in all this Country the rest being mere Brooks rather than Rivers About half as broad at Jerico as the River Seine is at Paris very rapid and the Water of it thick because it passeth through fat Lands and is very full of Fish beset on both sides with thick and pleasant Woods This account is
of the Negro Slaves of Nicaragua to look after the Fields and the Cattle Isle des Sacrifices an Island upon the Coast of the Province of Tlascala in New Spain in America near the City St. Jean d'Vlva so called from the cruel Sacrifices of Men made by the Natives to their Gods The Spaniards used for some time to discharge their Merchandises at this place Islebe See Eisleben Issenos Selinus Trajanopolis a City in Cilicia in the Lesser Asia Ismar See Smyrna Isne Issny Ysna Viana a small City in Schwaben in Germany in the Territory of Algow upon the River Arg which falls into the Lake of Constance four German Miles from Kempten to the West the same from Lindaw to the North-East and eleven from Vlm to the South made an Imperial Free Town by Charles IV. Emperour of Germany Isnich Ascania Palus Nicaea Antigonia a City in Bythinia famous for the first General Council here held in 325. See Nicaea Isnigâ—mid Nicomedia a ruined City of Bythinia Isola Insula Aesulum Aesulae an Episcopal City in the Province of Calabria Vlterior in the Kingdom of Naples § This Name is also given to the River Cremera in Tuscany to an Island of the â—iber called in Latin Libanus almae Veneris and to a City of Histria in Latin Alietum Isonzo Isontius Natisco Sontius a River of Friuli it ariseth out of the Carinthian Alpes in Carniola a Province of Germany and entering Friuli a Province of Italy it watereth the County and City of Goritia and also Gradiska where taking in Frigido Turre and some other Rivers it leaveth Aquileja and falls into the Gulph of Trieste five Miles South-East of Aquileja near this River Odacer who had made himself King of Italy was slain by Theodorick King of the Goths in 489. To this Place the Turks came under the Command of Asa-Beg in 1177. in the time of Mahomet the Great and overthrew Jeronimo Novello Count of Verona a famous Commander of those times and slew him in Battel together with his Son and most of his Commanders destroying a Party of three thousand Venetians and setting one hundred Villages on fire Ispaham See Haspaam Ispirite Sparte a Village and Mountain in Thrace upon the Euxine or Black Sea Issar Sichem a ruined Place in Samaria in the Holy Land Issedon an ancient City of Scythia beyond the Mountain Imaus supposed by some to be the Modern Ciracoram in Tartary or Synchun or Suchur in the Kindom of Tangut towards the Region of Cathay in China Issel See Yssel Issoire Isiodorum a City in Auvergne in France upon the River Allier which divides this Province and falls afterwards into the Loyre six Leagues from Clermont to the South This City is called Icciodorum Issorium and Icâ—odurum Issoudun Exelodunum Exsoldunum a strong Town in the Dukedom of Berry in France in the Diocese of Bourges upon the little River Thiol seven or eight Leagues from Burges A Synod was assembled at it in 1081. Issus See Laiazzo Istacar Istacarta a City in Persia one of the most ancient of that Kingdom and once a Royal City but now scarce a Village the City of Xiras having sprung out of its Ruines and overwhelmed it It stood one Mile from the Araxis now Bendamur Istthmus Corinthiacus the Neck of Land betwixt the Ionian and Aegean Seas near Corinth or betwixt the Gulph of Corinth and the Gulph of Engia which connects the Morea with Achaia and the rest of Greece The Emperours Julius Caesar Caligula and Nero in vain attempting to cut a passage from the Ionian Sea into the Archipelago through it created the Proverb Istthmum fodere for an unsuccessful undertaking It is six Miles long There was afterwards built upon it a Wall of the same length called Hexamilium and Hexamili which Amurah II. destroyed the Venetians repaired and fortified and Mahomet II. again destroyed in 1443. § Istthmus of Panama See Panama § Isthmus of Suez an Istthmus betwixt the Mediterranean Sea to the North and the Red Sea to the South which joins Egypt to Palestine and Arabia Petraea seventy Arabian Miles large taking this Name from the City Suez upon the Banks of the Red Sea It has been attempted to cut a passage through it from the two Seas divers times in vain Istria See Histria Istrig Sargetia a River of Walachia which ariseth in the South part of Transylvania and falls into the River Marish In the Bed of this River Decebalus buried his Treasure when invaded by the Emperour Trajan Italia Latium Ausonia Hesperia Oenotria Saturnia is the most celebrated Country in Europe the Mistris and Civilizer of all the rest As she had anciently all those Names I have already expressed so of later times the Germans call it Welschlandt or Wallischlandt the Danes Ualland the Turks Talia the Poles and Sclavonians Uloska It s ancient Bounds extended no further to the North than the Rivers of Arnus now Arno and Aesis Esino afterwards it was enlarged by the Conquest of the Senones to the River Rubicon now Il Pisatello All between these Rivers and the Alpes being then called Gallia Cisalpina But at this day it is extended to the Alpes and the River Varus which parts it from France and Germany to the West and North on which side also the Adriacick Sea divides it from Dalmatia on the South the Tyrrhenian Sicilian and Ligurian Seas divide it from Africa on the West the same Sea washeth it and on the East the lower part of the Adriatick Sea and the Ionian which divide it from Greece This Country lies in the form of a vast Peninsula and resembles very much the Leg of a Man It containeth in length from Augusta Praetoria now Aoust at the foot of the Alpes unto Otranto in the most Eastern Point of the Kingdom of Naples one thousand and twenty Miles in breadth from the River Varo which parts it from Provence to the Mouth of the River Arsa in Friuli where it is broadest four hundred and ten about Otranto where narrowest it has not above twenty five and in the middle from the Mouth of Pescara on the Adriatick Sea to that of the Tiber on the opposite Shoar is one hundred twenty six Miles its whole Circuit may be about three thousand four hundred forty eight Miles The Apennine Hills divide it into two parts it is a very fruitful pleasant Country and towards the North extremely well watered with Rivers At first divided into divers Tribes and Nations which being all united by the Roman Conquests into one Empire upon the ruin of that it became again divided into divers Seigniories and Republicks that are now severally in the hands of the Pope the King of Spain the Republick of Venice the Dukes of Savoy Florence Mantoua Modena and Parma the Common-wealths of Genoua and Lucca and some other small Principalities of all which I shall discourse in their proper places This Country lies towards the midst of the Temperate Zone from 28. deg and an half of Long. to 42. and
to the West and sixteen from Magdeburg to the South It has a Castle called Pleisenburg and an University opened here by Frederick Marquess of Misnia in 1409. Upon the Banishment of the followers of Jerome of Prague from that City four thousand Students retiring to this In 1520. Luther disputed here with Eckius against the Popes Supremacy soon after which they embraced the Reformation In 1547. this City which then belonged to Maurice Duke of Saxony was besieged by John the Elector of that House in the Month of January Maurice tho a Protestant having joined with the Emperour against the rest of the Augustane Princes who had taken Arms for the defence of their Religion and Liberty against Charles V. And although the City was not then taken yet it was much defaced by the Battery and its Suburbs burnt In 1630. Gustavus Adolphus gave the Forces of Ferdinand II. a great defeat near this place In 1642. the Swedes defeated the Forces of Ferdinand III. under the Arch-Duke Leopold and Piccolomineo and thereupon the City was forced to yield it self to the Victorious Swedes It is not great but rich by reason of its Mart twice every year and the great concourse of Students to this University Leyte Leyta Lutis a River of Austria which washing the Town Prurck adder Leyta in the Lower Austria at Altemburg falls into the Danube three Hungarian Miles from Presburg to the South and six from Javarin Lez Ledum Liria a River of Languedoc it ariseth three Miles above Montpellier and a little beneath falls by the Lake of Maguelone into the Mediterranean Sea See Les. Lhon See Lippe Lhundain the Welsh Name of London Lhydaw the Name of Bretagne a Province in France in some of the Writers of the middle Ages Liacura Parnassus a Mountain in Greece in Achaia Liamone Pitanus or Ticarius a River in the Isle of Corsica Liampo the most Easternly Cape of all the Continent of China in the East-Indies taking its Name from a Town so called in the Province of Chechiara Lianne Liana Elna a small River in Picardy in France which ariseth in the Confines of Artois and flowing through the County of Bologne by the Capital City of it falls into the British Sea Liasto Liguidon a Sea-Port on the East of Sardinia an Island in the Mediterranean Sea Libano Libanus the greatest and best known Mountain in Syria which alone produceth the Cedar Tree in that Country It beginneth between the Confines of Arabia and Damascus and ends at the Mediterranian Sea near Tripoli having run from East to West one hundred and twenty five Miles It is the oftenest mentioned of any Mountain in the Sacred Scriptures exceeding high and very far spread fruitful and pleasant and was the Northern Boundary of the Holy Land and Mother of the River Jordan Now inhabited by divers Towns and some Cities amongst which is the Seat of the Residence of the Patriarch of the Maronites The Rivers Rochan Nahar-Rossens and Nahar-Cardicha spring from it The Northern part is said to be continually covered with Snow It hath Palestine to the South Mesopotamia to the East and Armenia to the North with one foot in Phoenicia another in Syria and the Mediterranean to the West Opposite to it stands a Mountain called Antilibanus separated only by a Valley See Antilibanus Libaw Liba a Town in the Dukedom of Curland in the Kingdom of Poland which has an Haven on the Baltick Sea in the Confines of Samogitia eighteen German Miles from Memel in Prussia and twenty five from Mittaw the Capital of Semigallia to the West This Town was often taken and retaken in the late Wars between the Swedes and Poles at last by the Treaty of Olive-Kloster in 1660. it was restored to the Duke of Curland Liburnia a Branch of the ancient Illyricum now thrown partly into Croatia and partly into Dalmatia It s principal City was Scardona now Scardo in Dalmatia The Lopsi were some of its ancient people to whom is owing the invention of light Frigats thence called Naves Liburnicae Libya is so considerable a part of Africa in the old Geographies that the Greeks called all Africa Lybia It stood divided into the Exterior and Interior The former lay along the Mediterranean betwixt Egypt and Marmorica or from Egypt South according to others along the left Bank of the Nile as far as to Aethiopia in which space the Desart of Elfocat and the Kingdom and Desart of Gaoga now are contained The other ran from the Mountain Atlas to the River Niger containing the now vast Desart of Zaara And this latter is Libya properly so called Which together with Libya Marmorica now Barca and Libya Cyrenaica makes up a second division that we find in Writers of Libya Lichfield Lichfeldia a City which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Canterbury seated in the County of Stafford twenty four English Miles from Leicester to the West ten from Stafford to the North-East and sixteen from Coventry to the North-West It is a low seated beautiful and large City divided into two parts by a clear Brook which is crossed by Causeys with Sluces in them for the Passage of the Water That part which lies on the South Side of this Water is the greater by far and divided into several Streets and the North Part though less has the Cathedral Church the Close incompassed with a strong Wall in which are the Prebends Houses and the Bishops Palace This has been a Bishops See very long for in the year of our Lord 606. Oswius King of Northumberland having conquered the then Pagan Mercians instituted a Bishoprick and settled Dwina as Bishop here to instruct them in the Christian Faith his Successors were in such esteem with the following Kings of Mercia that they did not only obtain large Possessions for the maintaining the Dignity of this See but were also reputed the Primates of Mercia and Archbishops Ladulph one of them had a Pall sent him as such upon the Golden Solicitations of Offa King of the Mercians about 779. Which Dignity lasted not long for it died with this King and Archbishop Ladulph A Synod held in 1075. ordaining that the Bishops Sees for the future should be settled in the greatest Cities Peter Bishop of Lichfield removed this to Chester Robert Lindsey another of them removed it to Coventry Roger Clinton a third Bishop but the thirty seventh in Succession in 1148. began the beautiful Cathedral here which he dedicated to the Blessed Virgin and S. Chad and rebuilt the Castle which is now intirely ruined The Ciose in the old Rebellion was garrisoned for the King But the Lord Brook a zealous Parliamentarian coming before it March 2. 1642. though the General was slain and so paid dear for his Disloyalty yet the place was taken by that Party The twenty second of that Month the King's Forces returned and besieged it the second time and April 8. after a Defeat of three thousand that came to the Relief of
a Dukedom but now under the Turks The Maps call it Nixia The Ancients dedicated it to Bacchus for the excellency of its Wines to whom they built a Temple of Marble which also abounds in this Island upon a Rock very near the Shoar joyned by a Stone-Bridge to it the Foundations whereof and a Gate about thirty Foot high and fifteen broad remain to be seen to this day The Venetians enjoyed it from the year 1210. to 1516. when Selim I. made himself the Master of it It pays six thousand Piasters Tribute to the Turk There are divers Monasteries of the Greeks and Latins They find of your Emrods in this Island But there is no Port or Harbour in any part of its Coasts Naxio Acone a Port in Bithynia in the Lesser Asia upon the Euxine Sea which was the Port to Heraclea Pontica and stands upon a River called Acone of old Nazareth A City of Galilee in Judea in the Tribe of Zabulon thirty Leagues distant from Jerusalem to the South upon the ascent of a Mountain The same in which Joseph with the young Child and his Mother dwelt after their return from Egypt Matth. 2. 21 23. It is said the Virgin here in the House of Joachim and Anne her Parents conceived by the Operation of the Power of the Highest and that she her self also either was born or was conceived in the same place Helena the Mother of Constantine the Great built a stately Church in Nazareth in Commemoration of these Passages which the Christian Kings of Jerusalem after the Conquest in 1099. erected into an Archiepiscopal See and adorned with a Chapter of Canons But this Edifice was so defaced in 1291. by the Sultan of Egypt who retook the Holy Land and exterminated the Christians thence that now only some Ruins remain to be seen of it And for what became of the miraculous Chamber of the Virgin see Loretto At this time the Franciscans have a Monastery and a Church at Nazareth which Pilgrims visit you are shown the rests of the Synagogue in which our Saviour explicated the Passage of Isaiah concerning himself together with the place where Joseph kept his Shop to whom in the Chappel there is an Altar dedicated and another to Anne his Spouse But Nazareth is a poor Village There is a Titular Archbishop continued by the See of Rome at the City Barletta in Apulia Peucetia in Italy and the Title particularly was born by Pope Vrban VIII before his Elevation to the Pontificate The Turks call all Christians Nazarenes from this place as Christ himself Matth. 2. 23. was called Nazianze an ancient City of Cappadocia in the Lesser Asia and an Episcopal See heretofore under the Archbishop of Cesarea which had the Honour to be farther advanced to an Archiepiscopal one under the Patriarch of Antioch This was the Birth place of Gregorius Nazianzenus whose Father had been the Bishop here Neath a Market Town in Glamorganshire in â—ales the Capital of its Hundred Neaugh Neaugus a very great Lake in the Province of Vlster in Ireland Nebio Nebium Censunum a ruined Episcopal City in the Island of Corsica The See was a Suffragan to the Archbishop of Genoua It stood about the place where the Town Rosoli now is Nebrisso or Lebrixo a Town in the Kingdom of Andaluzia in Spain betwixt Sevill and the Mouth of the River Guadalquivir mentioned by Pliny and Ptolemy Necastro Neocastrum a small City in the Further Calabria almost ruined by an Earthquake in 1638. Necker or Neckar Nicer Neccarus Neccanus Nicerus a River of Schwaben in Germany which ariseth in Swartzwalt scarce seven Miles from the Fountains of the Danube and passing Rotweil it entereth the Dukedom of Wirtemberg watereth Elsing and Hailbrun and so passing by Heydelburgh in the Palatinate falls into the Rhine Necropolis an ancient City of the Kingdom of Egypt four Miles from Alexandria where Cleopatra poisoned her self with Asps Neda Nedina a River of Arcadia in the Morea Nedham Point a Fortess in the Barbadoes which sustained an Attack of four hours continuance made upon it by De Ruyter the Dutch Admiral sent with a Squadron of Ships to conquer this Island in 1665. but was repelled Needham a Market Town in the County of Suffolk and the Hundred of Bosmere which drives a Trade in Blew and Broad Cloaths for Russia Turkey and other Foreign Parts Neers Nabalia a River of Germany which aariseth in Juliers twelve Miles from Juliers and flowing through the Bishoprick of Cologne and Gelderland by the Castles of Gelders a little below Genep falls into the Maes three Leagues above Nimeguen to the South Negapatan a City of Coromandel in the Hither East Indies now under the Dutch formerly under the Portuguese Negombo a Town in the Island of Zeilan in the East-Indies in the Possession of the Hollanders Negrepelisse a small Town in the County of Quercy in Guienne in France upon the River Aveirou betwixt Bourniquet and Albias two or three Leagues from Montauban Lewis XIII sent a Garrison of four thousand Men hither in 1621. who were in one night massacred by the Inhabitants during the Civil Wars of Religion Therefore in 1622. the said King besieged it and taking it it was laid in Blood and Ashes by the Fire and Sword of the Conquerors Negro Tanager a River in the Kingdom of Naples it ariseth near a Lake of the same Name in the Borders of the Basilicate but in the hither Principate thirteen Miles from Policastro to the East at the Foot of the Apennine And flowing North watereth Atena and after it has buried it self for four Miles under ground comes up again then falls into the Bay of Amalfi near Cappachio twenty Miles from Salerno to the South Negropont Euboea an Island in the Archipelago of old called by the Poets Chalcis and Abantis now by the Turks Egriponte or Egribos and sometimes Euriponte because the Wonder of the fam'd Euripus by the natural situation of the Rocks the Promontories the Channel c. is made here It lies upon the North of Achaia or Livadia being separated from it by a narrow Channel one hundred and twenty Miles from East to West thirty broad three hundred in circuit joyned to the Continent by a Bridge of Stone built by the Venetians It is extraordinary fruitful but little inhabited The principal Town was called formerly Chalcis now Negropont and stands on the South Side of the Island at one end of the Bridge its Walls are two Miles in compass None but Jews and Turks are suffered to reside within those the Christians dwell altogether in the Suburbs the whole of which may be about five thousand exceeding far in number the other and amongst these the Jesuits have a College There are four Mosques in the Town of which the principal hath been a Cathedral Church dedicated to S. Mark and the Seat not only of a Bishop under the Archbishop of Athens but of an Archbishop The Town is separated from the Suburbs by a
is a Province of Germany in the Circle of the Rhine called by the Germans Nider Pfaltzische Landt under the Electoral Prince who has his Title from it The Rhine divides it into two unequal parts on the North it is bounded by the Bishoprick of Mentâ— and in part on the East the rest of that side is inclosed by Gerawer on the South it has the Lower Aâ—satia on the West the Bishoprick of Trier and the Dukedom of Bipont This Country is now divided into thirteen Bailywicks The chief Towns of it are Heydelberg Manheim Franckenthall Oppenheim Kaisers-Lautern and Creutznach These Countries or at least a part of them have been enjoyed by the Palatinate Family ever since 1195. Palazzulo Herbessus a City of Sicily twenty Miles from Syracuse to the West and sixteen from Lentini to the South Palencia Palantia Pallantia Palentia in Vacexis a City of the Kingdom of Leon in Spain with a Bishop's See heretofore under the Archbishop of Toledo now of Burgos Mela Livy Strabo c. often mention it In 1388. a Council was celebrated here under Pope Clement VII It has been in former times a strong and considerable Plâ—ce but in that part of its Character it is deficient now Palermo Panormus a City in the Valley of Mazara in the Island of Sicily which is an Archbishop's See and the present Metropolis of that Kingdom It is great populous and rich built by the Phoenicians before the Greeks entered this Island Under Roger Earl of Sicily it became the Capital of the Island It is pleasantly seated on the North-West Shoar at the mouth of the River Olestis where it hath a Port four Miles from Montreal to the North and fourteen from Messina to the South-West Baudrand saith the French beat the Dutch and Spaniards near this City June 2. 1676. Palestina Palaestina a small but celebrated and noble Country in Asia extended from North to South between Syria to the North the Desarts of Arabia to the East the Stony Arabia to the South and the Mediterranean Sea to the West This was that spot of Ground allotted by God to his own People the Children of Israel and divided at first into twelve Tribes About the time of our Saviour's Birth it was divided into six Provinces Now commonly called the Holy Land and in the Hands of the Turks ever since the year 1517. See Jerusalem Palestrina Praeneste Polystephanos a City of Latium in Italy of great Antiquity of a Colony made a Municipium by Augustus It is in Campagna di Roma under the Dominion of the Pope twenty two Miles from Rome to the South-East Of old it stood upon a high Hill where the Castle is now but also built down as far as the Plains This ancient City was pulled down by Pope Boniface VIII and rebuilt in the Plain upon the River Vetesis it is a Bishop's See which belongs to one of the six Senior Cardinals and a Dukedom born by the Family of Barberini Suaresius a French Man has published a particular account of it In the Roman times it had standing in it a Temple dedicated to Fortune and much resorted to upon the account of Lots Many of the Ruins thereof are yet apparent Palicenus a Fountain near the City Catania in the Island of Sicily where the Romans sacrificed to the Dii Palisci Palimban a City in the Island of Sumatra in the East-Indies Palmela a Town near Sâ—â—uval in Portugal Palma la Pova a strong and fortified City in Friuli in Italy under the Dominion of the States of Venice built by them in the Year 1593 in the Confines of their Territories and those of Austria eleven Miles from the Shoars of the Venetian Gulph and fifteen from Goritia to the North-West Dr. Brown who saw this place saith It is the largest Regular Fortification I have seen having nine Bastions bearing the Names of so many noble Venetians The Ditch is thirty paces broad twelve deep and is kept dry in order to make the place the more healthful but it may be filled upon occasion It has three Gates and about an hundred Cannon always mounted and there are many more upon occasion In the Centre of the Town there is a Well and over it is fixed a Standard The Venetians believe this the strongest Fortification in the World But the Doctor wisheth they may never know a Compleat Turkish Army before it when they are in no good condition to relieve it Travels pag. 84 85. Palma or la Palma one of the Canary Islands in the Atlantick Ocean twenty six Leagues in compass Conquered by the Spaniards in 1491 and now well inhabited The principal Town of it is Santa Cruz de la Palma There is a Volcanoe Mountain in this Island which in Nov. 1677. raged with a mighty vehemence accompanied with Thunder Earthquakes and Rivers of Fire Palma the same with Zadaon La Cividad di las Palmas Palmarum Civitas the principal City of the Island of Canaria which has an Harbor on the Atlantick Ocean and is placed on the East side of the Island Sometime called Canaria but Palmas is its true Name and it is under the Spaniards Palmyra an ancient City of Syria near the Arabia deserta the Capital heretofore of the Kingdom and Country of the Palmyreni and the See of an Archbishop The Emperor Adrian augmented it and called it Adrianople Some now give it the name of Amegara and others Faid Palipoli Celendris a City of Cilicia in the Lesser Asia which is a bishops See under the Archbishop of Seleâ—cia and has a tolerable Haven Palos de Moguer Palus a small Town in Andaluzia at the mouth of the River Odiel Luxia or Tinto as Baudrand explains the Latin Name in another place upon the Bay of Cadiz fifteen Leagues from Sevil to the West and nine from the Mouth of the Guadiana to the East in a declining State From this Town Columbus set Sail in 1492 when he went to discover America Palotta Paloda a Town in the Lower Hungary in the County of Alba Regalis near the Confines of Austria and about three Miles from Alba Regalis to the North which was in the Hands of the Turks till 1687. And then taken by the Imperial Forces after the Battel of Mohatz Palus Maeotis a great Gulph or Marsh made by the Euxine Sea betwixt Europe and Asia having the Crim Tartary on the West Sarmatia Europaea or Moscovia to the North and Circassia to the North and East About six hundred Miles in Circuit and passable in some places by boats Now called Limen the Sea of Zabache and the Sea of Tana See Limen Pamiers Pamiae Apamiae Epaunum Fredelacum a City in the County de Foix which is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Tolouse by the Institution of Pope Boniface VIII having been heretofore a part of the Diocese of Tolouse It stands near the River Ariege three Leagues from Foix to the North and nine from Tolouse A late Bishop of this Diocese has made it
subordination to it but now much diminished having been often ruinated by the Kings of Arracam Tungking and Siam Nevertheless a fertile Country much visited by the Merchants of Europe In the Year 1568. the King of Pegu knowing the King of Siam to have two white Elephants desired by his Embassadors to purchase one of them at any price required but was refused He therefore entereth in revenge into Siam with a powerful Army and takes the Capital City so that the King of Siam fearing to fall into the hands of his Enemy poysoned himself from which time the Kings of Siam have acknowledged the Soveraignty of the Kings of Pegu. This Kingdom belongs now to the King of Ava The frontiers both of Siam and it suffer the greatest misery by the continual Wars betwixt the two Crowns it lies between the Kingdom of Tungking to the East and that of Arracam to the West Pein Peina a Town in Lunenburg famous for a Fight between Albert Duke of Brandenburg and Mauricius Duke of Saxony July 9. 1553. Maurice got the Victory but died within two days of the Wounds he received Albert being driven out of Germany died in 1557. in France in the XXXV year of his Age having lived much longer than was consistent with his Inconstancy and Perfidy saith Brietius This Town is seated upon the Weser Peiseda reca Peisida a River in the Asian Tartary East of the River Ob whose Fountains are not known as arising in desolate and unfrequented Countries it falls into the Frozen Sea above Nova Zembla Peking Pechinum the principal Province in the Kingdom of China Bounded on the East by Leaotum and Xantum on the North by Tartary and the great Wall on the West by Xansi and on the South by Honan The principal City is Peking Pechinum A vast and populous City which in 1404. became the Royal City of China instead of Nanquin The Inhabitants are innumerable though it has been often taken and plundered in the late Tartarian War It is now recovering those losses and ruins under the King of Tartary who is become the Master of it The Province of Peking contains eight Capital Cities one hundred and thirty five lesser Cities four hundred and eighteen thousand nine hundred eighty nine Families Petlecas Aliacmon Haliacmon a River in Macedonia which falls into the Bay of Thessalonica over against Thessalonia to the South-West thirty three English Miles Called Platamona Bistrisa and Aliagmo from Aliagmon the name it bears in Claudian Pelion See Petras Pella an ancient City of Palaestine in Asia sometime dignified with a Bishops See under the Patriarchs of Jerusalem who for many years kept their Residence here § A second in the Kingdom of Macedonia made famous by the Births of Philip King of Macedon and Alexander the Great his Son thence surnamed Pellaeus Some call it now Janizza others Zuchria It being hitherto extant and noted for excellent Works in Marble § The Ancients mention a third in Achaia Peloponnesus the ancient name of the Morea then divided into these eight parts Achaia properly so called Arcadia Argos Corinthus Elis Laconia Messene and Sicyonia See Morea The famous Peloponnesian War which lasted from the Year of Rome 323 in the 87th Olympiad to the taking of Athens in the Year 350 rather chose to be named from the People of this Country who maintain'd it against the Athenians than from the Athenians their Enemies Pelorus Pelorias or Pelorum the same with Capo di Faro Pelusium See Belvais Pelysz Pelysia a Town in the Lower Hungary which is the Capital of a County of the same Name It lies fifteen Miles from Vaccia to the South-West twenty six from Alba Regalis and twenty from Buda to the North-East Pembridge a Market Town in Herefordshire in the Hundred of Stretford upon the River Arrow Penbrokeshire Penbrochium one of the Shires in Wales Bounded on the North by Cardigan separated by the Rivers Tyuy and Keach on the East by Caermarthenshire on the South and West by the Irish Sea From North to South it is twenty six Miles from East to West twenty in Circuit ninety five This County affords Corn and Cattle in great plenty and has a mild and pleasant Air. Penbroke the Town which gives Name to this Shire is one direct Street upon a long narrow Point of a Rock in Milford Haven the Sea every Tide flowing up to the Town-Walls It has a Castle though now ruined and two Parish Churches within the Walls and is a Corporation represented in Parliament by one Burgess The first Earl of Pembroke was Gilbert de Clare Created in 1138. In 1201. it came into the Family of Martial by Marriage this Family enjoyed it six Descents and by Females it continued till the Year 1390. After which it became very unsteady till Edward VI. in 1551. Created William Herbert Lord Steward Earl of Pembroke whose Posterity still enjoy that Honour in the seventh Descent Pendennis a strong Castle in Cornwal Pene Suevus one of the Branches of the Oder in Pomerania Peneus a River in the Province of Thessalia in Macedonia which greatned with the Rivers Ion Pattisus and Apidanus passes betwixt the Mountains Ossa and Olympus to surrender it self into the Bay of Thessalonica having first watered the pleasant Fields of Tempe It is now called Salampria The Fiction of the Metamorphosis of Daphne into a Laurel in this River gives it a place in the Writings of the Poets Pengeab the same with Lahor a City in the East-Indies Pengick Penica a City in Misnia upon the River Muldaw between Altemburg to the West and Chemnitz to the East seven German Miles and the same distance from Leipsick to the South Peniel or Penuel an antient City of the Holy Land in the Tribe of Reuben beyond the Brook of Jabbov at the foot of Mount Libanus near Tripoli and upon the Frontiers of the Amorites So called from Jacob's Vision of an Angel wrestling with him according to his own Interpretation thereof that he had seen God face to face Gen. 32. 30. Gideon broke down the Tower and slew the Men of this City because they refused to give his Army Bread Judg. 8. 8. 17. But Jeroboam rebuilt it Penk a River in Staffordshire near to which stands Penkridge a Market Town in the Hundred of Cudleston of good Antiquity Penna or Civita di Penna Penna S. Joannis Pinna in Vestinis a City in Abruzzo in the Kingdom of Naples and a Bishop's See over which there is no Archbishop who has any Jurisdiction This is very frequent in Italy In 1585. a Synod was assembled here Penna-Fiel Penna fidelis a Town in Old Castile in Spain near the Duero six Leagues from Valadolid It had the honor to give the Title of Duke to Ferdinand the Just King of Arragon from the year 1395. to 1412 before his Ascension to the Crown which Title afterwards was enjoyed by his Son John who succeeding to the Crown also in 1458. changed this Dutchy into a
the Bishop of Elna settled his See here It stands not above three Miles from the Mediterranean Sea and ten from Narbon to the South Peter King of Arragon opened here an University The Antipope Peter de la Luna called Benedict XII celebrated a Council at this City in 1408. Persepolis a noble City of the antient Kingdom of Persia built upon the River Rhogomane as Ptolomy calls it in 91. deg of Long. or the Araxes as Strabo and Curtius It had been the Capital of the Kingdom adorned with a Palace of Cedar till taken by Alexander the Great and at the Perswasion of Thais the Alexandrian Courtesan burnt in the year of the World 3624. Persia Persis one of the most Ancient Great and Celebrated Kingdoms of Asia called by the Inhabitants Farsistan and otherwise the Empire of the Sophy At this day it is bounded on the North by the Caspian Sea and Mauralnahalria or Trans-Oxiana on the East by India Propria or the Empire of the Great Mogul on the South by the Indian Ocean and the Persian Gulph on the West by Arabia Deserta the Turkish Empire and Georgia so that it extends from the River Indus in the East to the Tygris in the West that is from 82. degrees of Longitude to 120 which is thirty eight degrees and from 23 to 43 degrees of Latitude The Earth in so vast an extent being very different but the Air pure and healthful throughout This vast Kingdom is divided into these Provinces Fars or Persia properly so called Kirman Makeran Send Chustusan Sitsistan Sablistan Dilemon Khoemus Tabarestan Gordian Chorasan Erack-Atzem or Jerack Agemy Kylan or Gilan Candahar Schirvan and Aderbeitzan The Cities are Ardevil Caspin Cassian Com Erivan Herat Hispaham Lar Mexat Schiras Sitsistan Schamachie Sauster and Tauris It did anciently comprehend the Countries of Media Hyrcania Margiana Assyria in part Susiana Parthia Aria Paropanisus Chaldaea Caramania Drangiana Persia properly so called Arachosia and Gedrosia which were most of them powerful Kingdoms This People were at first subject to the Assyrians and Medes In the year of the World 3406. Cyrus vanquishing Astyages King of the Medes made Persia the Seat of the General Empire which continued in this Nation till it was transferred to the Grecians by Alexander the Great in the year 3635. In the year of the World 3718. Arsaces the Founder of the Parthian Family assumed the Royal Diadem which in time expelled the Greeks and obtained the Kingdom of Persia This Family continued four hundred and seventy years succeeded by Artaxerxes a Persian whose Line after twenty eight Descents ended in Hormisda vanquished by Haumar the Saracen in the year 634. It continued under the Saracen Caliphs till the year 1030. when Tangrolipix a Turk invaded this Kingdom This lasted but three Reigns Cassanes the last of them in 1202. being slain and Haalon made King of Persia by Occata the Great Cham of Tartary This Prince exterminated the whole Race of the Caliphs of Bagdat and his Posterity reigned till 1337. When it also fell under the Tartarian fury to which it owed its Rise In 1405. after almost an hundred years of Confusion Mirza Charock IV. Son of Tamerlane ascended the Throne of Persia whose Family lasted till the year 1472. Then Vsan Cassanes began another Line which ended in 1505. when Hysmael the Founder of the present Line of Persia began his Reign Solyman the present King of Persia is the Tenth of this Line and succeeded in 1666. The principal Commodity of this Country now is Silks whereof it is reported to produce yearly twenty thousand Bales at two hundred and sixteen pound weight a Bale Arabick is the Learned Language there as Persian which hath a great mixture of Arabick and the Turkish the Vulgar But the Persians though Mahometans differ as to Religion from the Turks so professedly in explaining the Alcoran and in their Saints and Ceremonies that each as they conquer destroy the very Churches of one another The Persian Sea or Gulph Persicus Sinus commonly called Mar de Elcatiff or de Bassora is a Branch of the Indian or Ethiopick Ocean beginning at Cape Raz the most Eastern Cape of Arabia in Long. 96. 45. and running into the Land to 81. having Persia to the North and East and Arabia and Persia to the South and West In the most North-West Point the Euphrates and Tigris fall into it with a vast Current It receives also the Rivers of Arabia and Persia which lie near it but they are not of any consideration being neither many nor great Some others have counted the beginning of this Gulph at the Isle of Ormus and the Streight of Bassora which will make it much shorter than the length I have given it Pertois Pertensis Ager a Tract in Champagne in France between Champagne properly so called to the West the Dukedom de Bar to the East and the River Marne Perthe Perthia a County in Scotland which has Angus to the North Stratherne to the West Fife to the South and the German Ocean to the East divided into two parts by the Fyrth of Tay. It is a small County and takes it name from Perth or S. John's-Town the Capital of it One of the principal Cities in the North of Scotland upon the Tay in which the Kings of Scotland have commonly been crowned It lies thirty Miles from Edinburg to the North and twelve from Dunkeld This Town was totally ruined by an Inundation in 1029. and rebuilt by William King of Scotland where it now stands Long. 16. 8. Lat. 58. 00. Peru Peruvia Perua a large Country in South America affording great plenty of Gold and Silver Mines and at the Discovery of the New World the most Potent Kingdom in South America It s length from North to South is six hundred Spanish Leagues its breadth in some places ninety in others less Bounded on the North by the Prefecture of Popian on the South by the Kingdom of Chili on the West by the Pacifick Ocean or South Sea and on the South it has undiscovered Countries It is at this day divided into three Provinces los Reyes Quito and los Characas or de la Plata The old Capital was Cusko the present is Lima. This Kingdom was discovered by the Spaniards in 1529. under Francis Pizarro a Spaniard Who finding two Brothers of the Royal Family Huascar and Atabalipa betwixt whom their Father had parted the Kingdom in disagreement made use of their divisions to both their ruins and taking Atabalipa the last King of Peru Prisoner who before had surprized his Brother defeated his Forces put to death all the Princes of the Royal Family and caused Huascar to be drowned in the River of Andamarca after he had extorted a vast Ransom in Wedges of Gold the perfidious base born Villain hanged him May 1533. contrary to his faith given What the Spaniards report of the Fertility Wealth and Government of this Kingdom is scarce credible yet all fell into the Power of
of the Asiatick Tartary and called by the Russ Ziemnoipoias that is the Girdle of the World in their Language Rhoa Edessa a City of Mesopotamia mentioned by all the ancient Geographers famous for the Story of King Abgarus very great and an Archbishops See under the Patriarch of Antioch It has had anciently many other Names at this day it is the Capital of Diarbeck or Mesopotamia under the Turk It stands in the middle between Aleppo to the West and Amida to the East In the times of the Holy War it had Counts but falling into the Hands of the Mahometans again they have reduced it into the State in which it now is Thus described by Mr. Thevenot who saw it This City is about two hours march in circuit the Walls are fair and pretty entire and form a Square within there is hardly any thing but Ruins to be seen and yet it is very populous on the South Side is a Castle upon an Hill with large and deep Ditches tho they are cut in the Rock this Castle is of a large circumference has little within it but Ruins and some pitiful old broken Guns Long. 72 30 Lat. 37. 30. Rhodes Rhodus a celebrated Island in the Mediterranean Sea upon the Coast of the Lesser Asia near its South-West Point over against Caria having Cyprus to the East Egypt to the South and Candia to the West Of old it had very many names and is now called by the most remarkable of them About an hundred and thirty Miles in compass or as others say an hundred and ten The principal Place in it is Rhodes an Archbishop's See seated upon an insensible Ascent of a Hill near the North-East part of the Island and environed with divers other little Hills full of Springs and Fruits it sprung out of the Ruins of Jalissi an ancient City near it It has a delicate Harbor to the East and North form'd by two strong Moles approaching each other demicircularly so as to leave a Passage betwixt them for no more than a single Vessel and of old much famed for a vast Coloss or Statue of Brass of the Sun made by Chares a Lydian a Scholar of Lysippus of Sicyon seventy Cubits high which stood a-stride over the Mouth of this Harbor upon two Rocks so that the Ships failed between his Legs and this was then thought one of the seven Wonders of the World The Brass of this Statue in 654 one thousand four hundred and sixty one years after it was built when Muhavia the Saracen Sultan of Egypt had conquered the Island was carried to Alexandria in Egypt by the Saracens upon the backs of seventy two Camels having it is said been thrown down in an Earthquake which verifies the Prediction of the Oracle long before That Rhodes should be lost when that Colossus broke This Island is seated twenty Miles from the nearest Coast of Asia to the South one hundred and thirty four from Crete or Candy to the North-East and five hundred from Constantinople to the South of a most fertile Soil and so serene and pleasant an Air that as the Ancients dedicated both it and the Colossus to the Sun because not a day passes without the full displaying of his beams here so many of the chief Romans chose it for the place of their Retreat First peopled by Dodanim the Son of Javan Grandchild of Japhet before he peopled Greece After these the Empire of this Island passed to the Phaenicians who made the Inhabitants so very expert in Navigation that for some Ages they gave Law to the World and were Sovereigns of the Sea their Constitutions and Judgments in Affairs concerning the Sea being withal so just as to become incorporated afterwards into the Roman Pandects Their fear of the Macedonians made them sue to the Romans for Protection whom they served very effectually to the Ruin of the former after which they helped on the Ruin of Antiochus and withstood the flattering Fortune of Mithridates King of Pontus till at last the Roman Greatness became undisputable by this small Island and under Vespasian they were made a Roman Province It continued under the Greek Empire to which it fell in the Division till 652 when it was conquered by Muhavia the Saracen Sultan of Egypt It returned under the Greeks again during the Civil Wars of the Saracens and in 1124. was taken by the Venetians The Greeks recovered it under John Ducas about 1227. About 1283. it fell together with the Lesser Asia under the Turks In 1310. the Knights of S. John of Jerusalem when Jerusalem and all the Holy Land was lost from the Christians retook it after a Siege of four years under Fulk Villares Great Master of that Order The Turks ' ere it could be re-fortified again besieged it in which Conjuncture Amadaeus IV. Duke of Savoy bravely succoured it and to eternalize the Memory of his Victory changed the Eagles the Arms of his Predecessors into the Silver Cross of the Order of the Knights with these four Letters F. E. R. T. to signifie Fortitudo Ejus Rhodum Tenuit After this it was one of the Bulwarks of Christendom against the Turks Mahomet II. the Great attempted the Reduction of it in 1457. Again in 1480 with 100000 Men and the greatest Art and Obstinacy imaginable for 3 Months but without Success in commemoration whereof Peter d'Aubusson the then Grand Master built the Church of S. Maria della Victoria with a Chappel to the Honour of S. Pantaleon here it being upon his day that the Turks in their last Assault were defeated Nor had Solyman II. the Magnificent had any better Success in 1522 if he had not met one Andrea Amarato a discontented Traitor a Portuguese discontented at the Elevation of another to the dignity of Grand Master before him within the place who was Chancellor of the Order and betrayed their Counsels to that Prince who yet spent six Months before it and lost an infinite number of Men. And Amarato his Treason being before the Surrender discovered had his Head cut off on Oct. 30. Mr. Knolls in his Turkish History p. 391 has well described the Situation of the principal City in this Island Bellonius saith it was seated in a Plain fenced with double Walls thirteen Towers and five Bastions of great Strength and Beauty The Turks have to this day so great a Veneration for the Valor of those Knights of S. John of Jerusalem that they preserve saith he their Houses as they left them with all the Arms Paintings Statues and Inscriptions and the Walls of the City are put into the same state they were before the Siege From hence these Knights passed to Sicily and in 1530. obtained from Charles V. the Isle of Malta Two small Bays accompany the Harbour on the North and South sides The former is lock'd up by a Mole which enters into the Sea above 300 Paces bearing a Fort called The Tower of S. Nicholas built by the Order in 1464 and
one Channel near the City Teneriffa in the Province of S. Martha falling afterwards into the North Sea § Also a Government in Brasil Rioga Rivogia a Province in Spain which was a part of Navarre but now annexed to Old Castile it is divided from Alava by the Douro and lies between Old Castile and Navarre The principal Towns of which are Calzada Legrono Najara and Belorado Riom Riomum Ricomagum a City in the Lower Auvergne in France two Leagues from Clermont to the North in a flourishing State The Capital of Auvergne adorned with a College of Oratorians of the Foundation of Lewis XIV an antient Abbey built in the beginning of the seventh Century two Hospitals and divers Churches and religious Communities Genebrard and Sirmondus the learned Jesuit were produced by this Place Ripa de Transona a small but elegant City in the Marquisate of Ancona under the Pope and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Fermo It stands five Miles from the Shoars of the Adriatick Sea the same from the Borders of the Kingdom of Naples and ten from Fermo Pope Pius V. made it a Bishops See in 1571. Ripaille a Town in Savoy upon the Lake of Geneva Ripen Ripa a City in the Kingdom of Denmark in South Jutland which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Lunden and has a convenient Harbor upon the German Ocean at the Mouth of the River Nipsick and a Fortress five Miles from Hadersleben to the West and eight from Flensburgh to the South-West This Bishoprick was founded by Balatand King of Denmark in 950. Christopher I. King of Denmark died here in 1259. The City was taken by the Swedes in 1645 but since recovered by the Danes Ripley a Market Town in the West Riding of Yorkshire in the Hundred of Claro upon the River Nyd Rippon Rhidogunum a Town in Yorkshire in the West Riding in the Hundred of Claro of good Antiquity near the Youre over which it has a Bridge Adorned with a Collegiate Church with three lofty Spires and antiently with a stately Monastery built by Wilfride Archbishop of York till the Danes destroy'd it with the Town Yet Odo Archbishop of Canterbury repaired it again and translated the Reliques of the holy Founder to Canterbury There is a narrow hole in a Vault under ground in the Church called S. Wilfride's Needle It is one of the best Towns in the County well inhabited and of note particularly for making good Spurs Having the Privilege to be a Corporation also represented by two Members in the House of Commons Risano Formio a River of Carniola the upper part of which is called by the Germans Alben the lower by the Italians Risano It springeth out of the Alpes from Mount Ocra in Carniola towards the Lake of Lugea or Czirknitzerzee and flowing Westward through Istria falls by the Bay of Trieste into the Adriatick Sea six Miles from Trieste and two North of Capo di Istria Risano Rhizana a City of Dalmatia mentioned by Ptolemy Pliny and Polybius which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Raguza under the Dominion of the Turks and accordingly much depopulated and ruined It stands forty Miles from Raguza towards Scodra from which thirty Long. 45. 15. Lat. 42. 00. Risborough a Market Town in Buckinghamshire in the Hundred of Aylesbury Risenbergh a Mountain in the Eastern parts of Bohemia out of which the Elbe springeth Rivadava or Rivadeo a City of Gallicia in Spain called by the French Rivedieu it stands upon the Bay of Biscay in the Borders of Asturia at the bottom of an Hill and the Mouth of the River Navius which affords it the convenience of a Port fourteen Spanish Leagues from Oviedo to the West and four from Mondonedo Rivera di Genoua Liguria Littorea is a Country in Italy bounded on the West by the Maritime Alpes by which it is divided from France on the East by the River Magra by which it is divided from Hetruria or Tuscany on the North by the Apennine and on the South by the Mediterranean Sea here called the Ligurian Sea In the middle of it stands the City of Genoua which divides it into the Eastern and Western This is now under the States of Genoua by whom a great part of the Western Division is destinated more to pleasure than profit the rich Genoueses having filled it with Country-Houses where they spend the pleasant time of the Summer and Autumn in noble Palaces and delightful Gardens The Eastern Division supplies them with as much Wine as they need and an extraordinary plenty of good Oil. The principal Place in the Western is Aranza once an inconsiderable Village lately a Place of great Trade and Wealth having sixty Sail of Ships trading into all parts of the World but their Shipping is now declining The principal Place in the Eastern is Sarazana a Town of great strength Rivoli Rivolium a small Town in Piedmont called by the French Rivoles It stands upon the River Doria eight Miles from Turin to the West and has one of the most sumptuous Castles in Piedmont Roan Rotomagus the Capital City of Normandy called by the French Rouen by Caesar and the other ancient Historians Vrbs Velocassium It is an Archbishops See and the Seat of the Parliament of Normandy Great rich populous well built in all respects one of the best Cities in France and thought by some to be the greatest next to Paris It stands upon the Seyne which affords it a noble Harbor and a great Trade at the foot of an Hill twelve Miles above Dieppe and twenty eight beneath Paris with a Bridge upon the Seyne for the convenience of a Land Trade It has an old Castle called the Palace in which the Dukes of Normandy kept their Court and is about seven Miles in compass having besides what lies within the Walls six very great Suburbs and containing in the whole thirty five Parishes with thirty four Monasteries for Men and Women The Castle on S. Catharines Hill is now intirely ruined This City is said by Vitalis lib. 5. to be built by Julius Caesar Valesius proves it one of the most ancient Cities of France and that in the times of Theodosius the Great it was esteemed as a City of the highest rank Taken by the Normans in 889 and assigned to Rollo first Duke of Normandy in 912 when Rollo became a Christian It continued under his Posterity fourteen Descents In 1019. it suffered very much by fire Taken from John King of England by Philip the August King of France in 1204 after it had been in the Hands of the Normans three hundred and sixteen years This City continued under the French till 1418 When the English under Henry V. retook it after a bloody Siege Charles VII of France recovered it to that Crown in 1449. In the times of the late Civil Wars of France it was taken and sacked by the Hugonots in 1562 but recovered after the Battel of Dreux and plundered by the Royal Party Anthony of
It is sufficiently known how the first Romans under Romulus procured themselves Wives from this People their Neighbours Sabionetta Sabuloneta a strong Town in Lombardy which has a strong Castle Garrisoned by Spaniards It is the Capital of a Sovereign Dukedom belonging heretofore to the Caraffa's and now to the Gusman's a Spanish Family between the Dukedom of Mantoua to the East and the Territory of Cremena to the West twenty five Miles East of Cremona and fifteen North of Parma Sablé Sabolium a small City in the Province of Maine upon the River Sarte ten Leagues from Anger 's to the North and from Mans to the South Sablestan Sablistania an inland Province in the Kingdom of Persia towards the East in the Mountains between Chorazan to the North and Khermon or Caramania to the South The Cities of which are Zarans Bost and Nebesaet Sacae an ancient People of Scythia betwixt the Mountain Imaus and the Sarmatian Alani represented by Dionysius Africanus and others as a wild and cruel Nation Sacania Laconia the most Southern Province in the Morea containing that part which was anciently under the Lacedemonians and Argia The Capital of which is Misitra Sacay Sacaia a City in Japan Sacca Siacca Saxa Xacca a City on the South Shoar of Sicily in the Valley of Mazara called by the Ancients Thermae Selinuntiae It stands at the foot of a Mountain and has an Harbour twenty two Miles from Mazara to the East and forty from Gergenty Cluverius saith it has an ancient Castle which is now carefully upheld and repaired A Synod was held here in 1579. Sachsen See Saxony Sadodela Edus a River of Liguria in Italy now in the States of Genoua which falls into the Porcevera Saffay Savus a small River of Barbary which falls into the Mediterranean Sea in the Kingdom of Argier between Accharara and Metafus Sagabria See Zagabria Sagan Saganum a City in Silesia in the Kingdom of Bohemia the Capital of a Dukedom of the same name called by the Germans Zeigan It stands upon the Bober where it receives the Queiss seven German Miles from Glogaw to the West and six from Crossen to the North. Now in the Hands of the Emperor as King of Bohemia whose Predecessors in 1548. redeemed to out of the Hands of the Elector of Saxony to whom it was Mortgaged together with its Dukedom Sagone a ruined City in the Island of Corsica which is yet a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Pisa in Italy the Bishop keeping Residence at a neighbouring Town Sagriano Sagra a small River in the Farther Calabria Saguenay a River Town and Province in New France The River discharges it self into the Gulph of S. Lawrence Saguntum a noble and famous City of the ancient Spain whose memory is recorded with honour for their fidelity to their Allies the Romans when Hannibal desieg'd them nine months together in the year of Rome 535. Chusing rather than betray the one or fall into the Hands of the other in one vast fire made in the middle of the City to destroy themselves their Wives and Children with every thing that was dear and valuable to them Hannibal razed the place Which fact of his became the Subject of the second Punick War Flor. 2. 6. Sahid Delta an Island made by the divided Branches of the Nile and the Mediterranean Sea which is the best part of the Lower Egypt See Delta Saille or Haute-Saille Alta Sylva a Monastery of the Cistercian Order in the Pais de Vauge in the Dukedom of Lorain first established about the year 1140. in the midst of a great high Forest and therefore called Saille by a corruption of the word Silva Saint Santo Santa Sainct Is a VVord frequently put before the Names of Places since Christianity prevailed in the VVorld of which those that are omitted under their proper Names are as followeth S. Agatha di Gotti Agatha or Fanum Sanctae Agathae Agathopolis a City in the Kingdom of Naples in the Further Principate which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Benevento nine Miles from Telese to the South and fourteen from Capua and Benevento S. Aignan or Agnan a Town of the Dukedom of Berry in France which stands at the reception of the River Saudre by the Cher adorned with the Title of a Dukedom and Peerdom now of an Earldom before and so called in honour of a Bishop of Orleans of this name its tutelar whose reliques they preserve here It s more ancient name was Hagand S. Alyre a Town and Abbey in the Province of Auvergne in France near Clermont by which the River Tiretaine passes S. Amand Elno a Town in the Earldom of Flanders and Confines of Hainault in the Hands of the French and heretofore very strong but now dismantled It stands upon the River Scharpe which a little Lower falls into the Schelde four Leagues from Tournay to the South and three from Valenciennes The Lands lying between the Scharpe and the Schelde are from this place called the Isles de St. Amand but it s greatest glory is a celebrated Monastery Abbatia S. Amandi Elnonensis where the Saint of that name dyed This Town was taken by the French in 1667. The Forest beginning upon the Frontiers of Flanders and extending nigh to Valenciennes in Hainault hath the name also of the Forest of S. Amand. S. Amour a small Town in the County of Burgundy in France and the Diocese of Lyons Honored of late with a Collegiate Church S. Andero Andreapolis Antiqua Flavionavia a Town and Port in the Principality of Biscay in Spain lately advanced to the Dignity of a Bishop's See Some place it in the Asturias S. Andiol a Town in the Province of Vivaretz in France upon the Rhosne adorned with divers Ecclesiastical and Religious Houses and a College of the Barnabites It s ancient name in Latin was Gento Gentibo Gentibus This of S. Andiol and Fanum S. Andeoli descended upon it by the Martyrdom of S. Andeolus a Graecian Subdeacon here in the Reign of the Emperor Severus about the year 190 who with others had been sent to serve the Gauls by S. Polycarp from the East It hath the Latin name also of Vivariense Monasterium being under the Bishop of Viviers S. Andre or Fort de Saint Andre a strong Cittadel in the Dutchy of Guelderland in the Low Countries situated betwixt the Maze and the VVael about two Leagues from Bosteduc Built in 1599. by Andrew Cardinal of Austria and the year after taken by the Dutch who remain the Masters of it Only in 1672. the French gained it and soon after ruined and abandoned it § A Town near Buda in Hungary supposed by Bonfinius to be the Quarta decima legio Germanica of Ptolemy bears this name also Capo di S. Andrea a Promontory of the Island Cyprus the same which Pliny calls Dinaretum Capo S. Andrea a Promontory of the Peloponnesus in Achaia the same with the ancient Antirrhium of Ptolemy and Pliny S. Andres Lavantum
to the North now also sometimes called Lamia Scalambri or Scaramis Caucana a ruin'd City and Port on the South of Sicily near Cape Passaro the most Eastern Point Scalona Ascalon a City in the Holy Land on the Mediterranean Sea between Azotus to the North and Gaza to the South eighteen Miles It was one of the Regal Cities of the Philistines after this it was a Bishop's See under the Patriarch of Jerusalem now reduced to a poor Village and a few Cottages as Leunclavius saith and the See is united to that of Bethleem Scamandro Scamander a small River in Phrygia in the Lesser Asia mentioned by Homer It falls into the Archipelago near Cape Janisary at the very entrance of the Hellespont North of the New Dardanells The River ariseth out of Mount Ida and has but a short Course Scandalor Pamphylia a Province in the Lesser Asia Scanderone Alexandria a City of Syria call'd by the Italians Alexandretta heretofore a Bishop's See and a celebrated Sea-Port at the Mouth of the River Belum now Soldrat upon the Bay of Laiazzo Issicum fifty Miles from Aleppo to the West twenty five from the Consines of Cilicia to the East The beginning of it is owing to a Castle built by Alexander the Great for a retreat whilst he besieged Tyre at the distance of four or five Miles from Tyre upon the same Coast to the South A Castle which Alexander called by his own name but time and corruption first changed it to Scandalion and now to Scanderoon Pompey destroy'd it in his Conquest of Phoenicia And in 1116. Baldwin I. King of Jerusalem whilest be besieg'd Tyre as Alexander had done before rebuilt it from which time it became a strong place an honourable Government and a safe retreat to the Christians during their possessions in the Holy Land Now saith Baudrand there is scarce any mention of it remaining except a few Cottages for the use of the Merchants and a Stone-House for the Captain of the Janisaries who collects the Grand Seigniors Customs But I have been informed by some Masters of Ships that have been there that this Place of late years is much improved by the Trade the English and Dutch drive in it Long. 68. 00. Lat. 38. 10. Scandinavia a vast Peninsula in the North of Europe containing the Kingdoms of Sweden Norway and Lapland Scandia or South Gothland by some Geographers is represented as the Southern part of it and Lapland the most Northern Scania See Schonen Scarborough a strong Town in the North Riding of Yorkshire and the Hundred of Pickering not very large but well built and inhabited standing to the Sea with a convenient Port for Trade upon a craggy steep and almost inaccessible Rock which the Sea washes on all sides but the West where the passage is narrow yet hath a strong Wall to secure it This Rock upon the top of it presents us with a fair Plain of sixty Acres of ground a Castle Royal garrisoned and a Spring of fresh Water Formerly a high stately Tower stood upon it which served as a Landmark to Ships at Sea but this in the last Civil Wars was demolished Scarborough besides is made a noted place by its Spaw and the Herring Fishery upon its Coasts Between which and Whitby to the North lies the Bay of Robin Hood the famous Robber in the Reign of K. Rich. 1. It hath the honour to be a Corporation also represented by two Burgesses in the House of Commons Scardo Scardona a City ascribed by Ptolemy to Liburnia now in Dalmatia and a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Spalato ever since 1120 called by the Sclavonians Scardin It is now but small lies upon the Adriatick Sea near the Lake of Prochlian at the Mouth of the River Titius and has a small Castle on an Hill in the Hands of the Turks This Place was taken by the Venetians and ruined in the year 1570. After this the Turks repossessed it and were re-expelled by the Venetians in 1647. In 1683. the Morlaques of Croatia drove the Turks away from it and garrisoned it Baudrand placeth it thirty five Miles from Zana to the East and nine from Sibenico to the North and saith the Venetians bought it of the Wayvode of Bosnia in the year 1411. for five thousand Duckats of Gold Scardonia an Island of Dalmatia mentioned in the Writings of the ancients but now unknown Scaren Scara a small City of Westrogethia a Province of Sweden which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Vpsal and heretofore the Seat of the Kings of Gothland but now in a declining Condition it stands ten Miles from the Lake of Venner to the South and twenty from Falcop to the North. Scarlino Scapris vel Scabris a Town in Italy in the Territory of Siena and Principality of Piombino ten Miles from Massa to the South Before which was slain the famous Strozzi Prior of Capoua in the French Quarrel Scarpanto Carpathus an Island near Rhodes betwixt that and Candia in the Archipelago towards the Coast of the Lesser Asia belonging to the Turks It had heretofore four considerable Cities which are now reduced to one of the same name with it self but half ruined The former Knights of Rhodes or Malta as they are now called fortified it so as to reap great advantages by it both over the Sultans of Egypt and the Turks its situation rendring it considerable in relation to Egypt and Syria The present Inhabitants generally follow the Greek rites The Mountains have been thought to contain Mines of Gold and Silver but none have hitherto undertook to open them The Soil yields plenty of Wine and Fruits and here are delicate Patridges Scarpe Scarpa a River in Artoise it ariseth three Leagues above Arras and watering it and Douay and dividing Hainault from Flanders falls into the Schelde near Mortagne a great Town in Flanders six Leagues above Tournay to the South-West Scarsdale a Dale or Valley in Derbyshire encompassed with Rocks and Mountains according to the sense of the word Scaâ—re in the Saxon Language signifying a Craggy Rock It contains one of the parts into which the County is divided Chesterfield stands in it And K. Charles I. did it the honour to make an Earldom of it in the Person of Francis Leak Lord Deyncourt of Sutton created Earl of Scarsdale in 1645. which Title descended to his Son Nicholas and now is enjoyed by his Grandson the R. H. Robert Leake Scatono a small Town in the Province of Toscana in Italy near a Lake Noted upon the account of certain stones found thereabouts which do not Calcine by fire Scenitae see the Bedovins of Arabia Schaffhausen Probatopolis Scaphusia Schafusia a City of Switzerland called by the French Schafhouse the Capital of one of the Cantons It stands upon the Rhine four Miles beneath Constance to the West two beneath the Lake of Zell or das Zeller see as the Germans call it six from Basil and four from Zurich to the North. This is
South called Swold's Bay made by the shooting forth chiefly of Easton Ness the most Eastern Point of England The Cliff hath several Pieces of Ordinance planted upon it Sowe the River upon which Stafford is situated Sowtham a Market Town in Warwickshire in the Hundred of Knightlow Spa a small Town in the Bishoprick of Liege in the Low Countries famed for its Medicinal Mineral Waters Spahan See Hispaam Spain Hispania is one of the most considerable Kingdoms in Europe called heretofore Hesperia and Iberia It is separated from France towards the North-East by the Pyrenean Hills on all other sides surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea the Streights of Gibraltar and the Atlantick Ocean so that it lies in the form of a vast Peninsula joined to France by a Neck of eighty Spanish Leagues over Called by the Natives La Espanna by the French L'Espagne by the Italians La Spagna by the English Spain by the Poles Hispanska by the Germans Spanien and by the Dutch Spangien It s greatest length from East to West is one hundred and ninety German Miles or five hundred Italian It s circuit two thousand four hundred and eighty Italian Miles taking in the Creeks and Windings of the Seas and Mountains it is two thousand eight hundred and sixteen Miles the least of which Computations is four hundred and sixty Miles greater than France was forty years agone The ancient Geographers with one consent affirm That it abounded with whatsoever the Ambition or Needs of Men required full of Men and Horses all over replenished with Mines of Gold Silver Brass Iron and Lead white and black had Corn Wine and Oyl in abundance in short so extremely fruitful that if any place for want of Water was less useful yet even there Hemp and Flax thrived very well It was in those days the West-Indies of the World and like them the Store-House of the ancient Treasures The Ancients divided it into three great parts called by them Tarraconensis Baetica and Lusitania First Hispania Tarraconensis was the greatest of the three and the most Eastern On the East bounded by the Pyrenean Hills on the North by the Bay of Biscay on the West by the Atlantick Ocean and Lusitania on the South by the Mediterranean Sea and Baetica Secondly Hispania Baetica was the most Southern part bounded on the East and South by the former in part and by the Ocean on the West and North by the same Ocean and Lusitania Thirdly Hispania Lusitanica was the most Western part extended upon the Ocean between Hispania Tarraconensis and Hispania Baetica The very ancient History of this Country is either fabulous or lost The Phoenicians may justly be supposed to have been the first Civilizers of it and the Founders of the most ancient Cities as Diodorus Siculus and Strabo affirm After these who settled mostly in Baetica the Grecians followed who from Marseille sent many Colonies into Hispania Tarraconensis The Carthaginians were the next who about forty years after they were by the Romans dispossessed of Sicily Sardinia and Corsica in the end of the first Punick War about the year of Rome 512 by the Isle of Gades which was theirs before entered Spain and in less than twenty years under Amilcar Asdrubal and Hannibal the Son of Amilcar destroyed Saguntum built New Carthage conquered all the Nations of this Country as far the Pyrenean Hills and the Mediterranean Sea and might easily have subdued the rest but that Hannibal chose rather to revenge the Injuries of his Country and ruin Rome by an Invasion of Italy The Jealousie of the Carthaginians ruined his Designs in Italy and the Roman Fortunes prevailed in Spain too under Cornelius Scipio about the year of Rome 545. The People having been broken by the Carthaginians submitted the more willingly and easily to the Romans and continued under them till about the year of Christ 400 when Gundericus King of the Vandals first conquered them The Goths followed these and in 418 set up a Kingdom which in time extirpated the Vandals or drove them over the Sea into Africa This Kingdom continued under thirty one Princes till 724 when the Moors came in and after a Fight of seven Days continuance prevailed against the Goths and forced Spain They brought over fifty thousand Families of Moors and Jews and so fixed themselves here that though they were in a short time cantoned into a small Kingdom and the Spaniards with the remainders of the Goths who had secured themselves in the Mountains and other places of difficult access by the help of the French made a gainful and prevailing War upon them yet they could not be intirely subdued before 1492 In after times it is hard to say whether the good Fortunes or ill Government of the Spaniards have contributed most to the ruin of this once most potent Kingdom For first Ferdinando and Isabella in 1492 expelled out of Spain one hundred and seventy thousand Families of the Jews Philip II. in 1610. expelled nine hundred thousand Moors And America being found in the mean time the numbers of Spaniards that passed thither is unknown Philip I. succeeded in 1504 The first Prince of the House of Austria who reigned in Spain Charles V. his Son in 1516. Philip II. in 1556. Philip III. in 1598. Philip IV. in 1621. Charles II. the present King began his Reign in September 1665 being then an Infant This Kingdom is now divided into fifteen Kingdoms or Provinces viz. 1. Navarre 2. Biscay 3. Guipuscòa 4. Leon and Oviedo 5. Gallicia 6. Corduba 7. Granada 8. Murcia 9. Toledo 10. Castile 11. Portugal 12. Valentia 13. Catalonia 14. The Kingdom of Majorca 15. And the Kingd of Arragon Which are at this day all reduced under three Crowns or Governments Castile Portugal and Arragon The Religion professed is strict Roman Catholick especially since the introducing the Inquisition by Pedro Gonsales de Mendoza Archbishop of Toledo in 1478. The Christian Faith was taught this Nation very early by S. James or more probably by S. Paul Arianisin entered with the Goths and continued till 588. They never heard of the Roman Rites till after 1083 when a Frenchman being made Archbishop of Toledo endeavoured the Introduction of that Service and was at first opposed in it by all the other Prelates and People It had been well for Spain if it had never been received seeing it has cost that Nation so many of its People no less than three thousand Families having been destroyed by the Inquisition in one Diocese in three years not to mention the loss of the United Netherlands and the ruin of Flanders The Cities of Spain are too numerous to be here inserted New Spain Hispania Nova is a considerable Country in North America called by the Spaniards la Nueva Espanna and sometimes el Mexico from its Capital City It contains all that space of Land between the North and the South Sea that lies between the Terra Firma or Streight of Panama to the East and Florida to
between Durazzo and the River Aspro which last falls into the same Sea twenty five Miles from Durazzo to the North Some call it Aspro Spirnazza others Spirnazza Arzenza Spitsberg an University in Brandenburgh founded in 1544. Spitsberg Spitzberga Regio Arctica or the Sharp Mountains as the Name signifies is a large Country and a part of the Artick Continent between Nova Zembla to the East and Greenland to the West which are yet not near it by three hundred Miles It was called thus by the Dutch upon their discovering it in 1596. the English call it New-Land others Spigelberg It extends to deg 80. of North Latitude Whether it be an Island or joyned to any Continent is unknown to the Europeans extreme cold without one Village in it only some parts are frequented by the Dutch who Fish for Whales and find some two hundred foot long Here are a great number of Bears black and white Foxes and Sea-Geese Split the same with Spalatro Splugen Splugue Speluca the highest Mountain amongst the Grisons a part of the Rhetian Alpes upon which there was once a strong Castle near the Lower Branch of the Rhine about eight Miles from Clâ—ven to the North. Spoleti Spoletum Spoletium is a City in the States of the Church in Italy called Spoleto and Spolete the Capital of a Dukedom of the same Name It stands in the Province of Vmbria or Ombria partly on an Hill partly in a Valley upon the River Tessino thirteen Miles from Fuligno to the North-East forty five from Rome to the North and sixty two from Ancona to the South It is a Bishops See immediatly under the Pope and a City of great Antiquity having defended it self very well against Hannibal in the second Punick War In 1234 here was a Council held under Pope Gregory IX for the Recovery of the Holy Land The same year the Bishop's See was translated hither from Spollo In seven hundred and forty it was besieged by Luitprandus King of the Lombards and reduced to great Extremities In 1155 Frederick Barberossa took plundered and burnt it for violating his Ambassadors and corrupting his Coin In 1583 here was a Synod held by its Bishop It shows some stately Ruines of an Amphitheatre a Temple and a Palace of the Kings of the Goths who made it their Residence Il Ducato di Spoleto Spoletanus Ducatus is a very large Province of Italy called of old Vmbria of latter times Ombria And a Dukedom from the time that Longinus the Greek Exarch of Ravenna after the recalling Narses instituted Dukes for the Government of this Province The Lombards made a Conquest of it under Alboinus one of their Kings in 571. But they left it under Dukes still one of which in 740 joyning with Pope Gregary and rebelling against his Master Luitprandus drew a War upon the Province In 876. Charles the Bald one of the Caroline Princes made Guido a Descendent of Charles the Great Duke of Spoleto whose Posterity in thirteen Descents enjoyed it to 1198. How or when this Province fell under the Pope I know not but it bore the Title of a Dukedom under them till 1440 when it reassumed its ancient Name of Ombria See Leander Albertus Sponheim Sponheimensis Comitatus a County in the Palatinate of the Rhine between the Moselle and the Naw which last falls into the Rhine four German Miles beneath Mentz The fourth part of it is under the Marquess of Baden the rest has been under the Electors Palatine ever since 1416 when it came to that Family by the Marriage of Isabella Heiress of it with Robert Elector Palatine The principal places in it are Creutznach Simmeren and Birkenfeld Sporades the scattered Islands towards Candia in the Archipelago so called in opposition to the Cyclades which lye together in the form of a Circle The Romans Saracens and the Corsairs with the present Masters the Turks of them by their several devastations have reduced these once flourishing retreats into a poor condition There are always some Greeks upon them Sprche Sprewe Spra la Sprehe Spreha a River in Germany which ariseth in the Borders of Bohemia and flowing through Lusatia watereth Bautzen Cotâ—â—itz and Luben then entering Brandenburgh falls by Berlin into the Havel at Spandow which last ends in the Elbe at Havelburg Sprotaw Sproâ—avia a City of Silesia in the Dukedom of Glogaw upon a River of the same Name which falls into the Bober Four Miles from Glogaw to the West Spurnhead Ocelli a Cape or Promontory in Yorkshire at the Mouth of the Humber Squillaci Scyllctiâ—m Scillaceum a small City of great Antiquity called by Ptolemy Scilacium Pliny Scylaceum and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Reggio in the Fuâ—ther Calabria in the Kingdom of Naples to which there belongs a Bay upon the Ionian Sea called Golfo di Squillaei This City stands sixty five Miles from Regio to the North-East fifty five from Rossano to the South and has not above three hundred Houses in it Long. 40. 12. Lat. 37. 48. It was an Athenian Colony and one of the most considerable Cities belonging to the Brutii in Magna Graecia Staden Statio Stada a City in the Lower Saxony in the Dukedom of Bremen near the Elbe anciently a Free Imperial City and a Hanse Town but now subject to the Duke of Breme It stands upon a small River called Sâ—â—â—vinge which a little lower falls into the Elbe seven German Miles from Hamburgh to the West and twelve from Bremen to the North. A very strong Town Taken in 1676 by the Duke of Brunswick In 1680 it was restored by the Treaty concluded at Zell to the Swedes under whom it was before put by the Treaty of Munster Staffanger Stavandria Stafangria Stavangria a City of Norway which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Drontheim and has a large safe Harbor upon the German Ocean It stands in the Prefecture of Bergen ninety Miles from Bergen to the South and sixty from the Baltick Sea Long. 27. 45. Lat. 61. 15. Staffarda a Town not far from Saluzzes in Piedmont made remarkable by the Battel between the Duke of Savoy's Army and the French on the eighteenth of August 1690 in which the former retired with loss Staffordshire Staffordia Cornavi a County in the middle of England Bounded on the North by Cheshire and Darbyshire where a Stone shews the point in which these three Countries meet on the East by Darbyshire cut off by the Dowe and Trent on the South by Warwickshire and Worcestershire and on the West by Shropshire It represents a Lozenge in its form its length being forty four Miles from North to South and its breadth twenty seven the whole Circumference one hundred and forty seven containing one hundred and thirty Parishes and eight Market Towns For Springs Brooks and Rivers besides the Trent it hath the Dove which partly separates it from Derbyshire the Churner the Blithe the Line the Teaâ— the Sowe the Penk the Manifold and several
men The Buildings are ancient the Inhabitants grave It stands in a Marsh which makes it less healthful though it affords the City a great plenty of all things The Cathedral Church of S. Luke that is there now was heretofore the Temple of Diana Long. 39. 24. Lat. 36. 24. Syria a vast Country in the Greater Asia called by the Jews Aram or Charam When it is largely taken it contains Phoenicia Palestine or the Holy Land and Syria properly so called In the latter Acceptation it is bounded to the North by Cilicia and the lesser Armenia on the East by Mesopotamia divided from it by the Euphrates and Arabia Deserta on the South it has Palestine and Phoenicia and on the West the Mediterranean Sea Now called by the Inhabitants Souristan by the French Sourie by the Italians Soria It s length from North to South four hundred from East to West it is in breadth two hundred Italian Miles In very ancient Times Damascus was the capital City in the middle times Antioch now Aleppo This Country is by Nature extremely Fruitful and once as Populous but now almost desolate As to the Story of it N. Damascenus mentions one Adadus slain by David King of Israel after whom there followed a Succession of Kings thirteen in number the last of which Rezin was conquered by Tiglath Phileser King of Assyria and beheaded in Damascus about the year of the World 3213. After this they were subject to the Kings of Assyria Media and Persia till after the Death of Alexander the Great Seleucus Nicanor began another Kingdom here about the year of the World 3644 whose Posterity and Successors to the number of twenty one or twenty five of which Antiochus XII was the last Reigned till Pompey the Great made a perfect Conquest of all Syrià for the Romans in the year of the World 4650 sixty two years before the Birth of our Saviour It continued under the Romans till the year of Christ 636. or as others 34. when it was conquered by Haumer the third Calyph of the Saracens About the year of Christ 1075. Melech and Ducat began a Turkish Kingdom which in the year 1262 after a Descent of nine Kings was destroyed by Haalon the Tartar Next it fell into the Hands of the Mamalucks of Egypt under whom it continued till the year 1515 and then was conquered by Selim Emperor of the Turks under whom it is at this day most wretchedly harassed and desolated Syrtes two dangerous sandy Gulphs in the Mediterranean Sea upon the Coast of Barbary in Africa called antiently Syrtes magna parva now the Gulph de Sidra and de Capes In one name the Shoals of Barbary The first lies betwixt the Kingdoms of Tripoli and Barca the other betwixt Tripoli and Tunis TA. TA a River on the South of China in the Provinces of Quansey and Quantam Tabago the Tobacco Island in the West-Indies in the North Sea Possessed by the Dutch commonly also called Niew Walcheren It lies eight Miles from la Trinidad to the North-East and ninety South of Barbadoes having eighteen small Rivers and many sase Harbours about nine Dutch Miles long and three broad very fruitful and full of all Necessaries About forty years since the Dutch began to plant it In 1673. the English under Sir Tobias Bridges took and plundered it carried away four hundred Prisoners and as many Negroes In 1677. the French being desirous to drive the Dutch out of it sent the Comte d' Estrée with ten Ships which entered Klips Bay and for several days ingaged a Fleet of eight Dutch Ships there lying under the Command of James Binckes a Dutchman who so well defended the Island that though the French pretended they destroyed the Fort the Dutch had built yet they were forced to draw off and leave the Dutch Masters of the Place Long. 316. Lat. 10. 30. The whole Plantation of this Island is Tobacco after its name Tabarestan Tabarestania a Province of Persia toward the Caspian Sea containing a great part of the ancient Hyrcania The Caspian Sea is sometimes from this Province called the Sea of Tabarestan Asterabath its Capital City Tabarque Tabraca an ancient City in the Kingdom of Tunis in Africa upon the Mediterranean Sea betwixt Hippo and Vtica It hath had the honour in the times of Christianity there to be a Bishops See but now only considerable for its Port. Pliny Claudian and Stephanus mention it Tabasco Tabasca a Town and Province in New Spain in North America The Province lies between the Bay of Mexico to the North and the Province of Chiapa to the South extended from East to West forty six Spanish Leagues The principal City in it was by the Indians called Tabasco but the Spaniards call it Nuestra Sennora de la Viâ—toria our Lady of Victory because Cortez the Spanish General gave the Mexicans an irrecoverable Defeat near this Place Tabenna an Island of the Thebais in the Kingdom of Egypt near the City Syene Inhabited formerly by the Monks entituled Tabenniosiâ—ae from it in whose times Tabennis was a small Town standing here Tabor Taborium a Town in Bohemia upon the River Lauznicz twenty Miles from Budwess and forty five from Prague The Hussites made this Place the Seat of their War and fortified it and from thence for twenty years ruined the Imperial and Hereditary Countries called thereupon Taborites Tacara a small Kingdom on the Coast of Guinea in Africa Tacaze Tacasus Astaboras a vast River in the Higher Aethiopia which ariseth in the Kingdom of Angote chiefly from three Fountains and runs West sometime between Dagana and Hoga Then bending North through the Kingdom of Tigre it watereth the Desart of Oldeba and joyns the River Mareb or Marebo Being much improved it passeth through the Kingdom of Dengin and at Jalack falls into the Nile in the Kingdom of Nubia from the East Tachiali Antiochia Maeandri a City of Caria in the Lesser Asia which was a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Ephesus from which it stands seventy Miles to the East upon the Meander and thirty seven from Bursia to the South Latitus Bishop of this See subscribed to the Council of Chalcedon Long. 58.00 Lat. 39. 30. Tadcaster a Market Town in the West Riding of Yorkshire which hath a large Stone Bridge over the River Warfe and Lime-Stone digged up in its Neighbourhood in Plenty Tadouslack Tadussacum a Town in New France upon the Bay of S. Laurence where it receives the River Saguen a hundred Miles from Quebec to the South-East Taenarus See Matapan Taff Rhatostathybius a small River in Glamorganshire in Wales which watering and giving name to Landaff falls into the Irish Sea near the Borders of Monmouthshire Taflete Tafleta a Kingdom in Biledulgerida in Africa between Segellomessa to the East and Darba to the West bounded with the Kingdom of Morocco to the North. The Capital City is of the same name A populous and plentiful City fortified with a Castle of great Trade for Indico
Strasburg whilst that City was in the Hands of the Protestants Zabes a City of Transylvania upon the River Merish six Miles from Weissemburg to the South and twenty nine from Hermstadt to the West Called by the Natives Zas Zebes also and by the Germans Millembach Some suppose it to be the Zeugma of the Ancients Zacatecas or los Zacatecas a Province in New Spain betwixt New Biscay and New Galicia in South America Zaconia Laconia a Province in the Morea Zacynthus See Zante Zadaon Calipus a considerable River in Portugal called also Zadan It ariseth in the Borders of Algarve and running North watereth Alvalada Garcia de Minjuno and Alcaser and at Setuval six Leagues South of the Tajo falls into the Atlantick Ocean Zaflan a Lake in the Vpper Aethiopia with a Town of the same name under the Abyssines formerly but ravished from them by the Galla's or Gala's a neighbour Nation Zagathai Zagataia a considerable Country between the Kingdoms of Thibet to the East Persia to the South and the Caspian Sea to the West in Tartary in Asia Called also Vsbech Zagaya one of the modern names of the Mountain Helicon Zagrabia Sisopa Zagabria Soroga Vicus Italicus A City in Sclavonia which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Colocza and the Head of a County of its own Name A place of great strength and well peopled It is near the Borders of Croatia forty five Miles from Vihitz to the North fifteen from Gradisca to the West and eleven from Cilley to the South-East upon the North side of the Drave This City and County has ever been in the Hands of the Germans who call it Agram The Bishops of it have the care of all Sclavonia Zagrus the Mountain dividing the ancient Media from Assyria in Asia through which some pretend that Semiramis pierced a passage into Media which bore the name anciently of Zagripylae or the Streights of Zagrus and the Mountain itself of Semiramis Zaire Zairus a vast and a celebrated River of Africa in the Vpper Aethiopia which ariseth out of a great Lake of the same name and flowing Westward watereth the Kingdoms of Cosange Macoco Congo and in part that of Loangi At last falls into the Atlantick Ocean by a Mouth twenty eight Miles broad in five degrees of Southern Latitude This River is not navigable above eighty Miles upward from its Mouth by reason of its Cataracts It has been formerly thought that the Nile derives its source from the Lake Zaire But Thevenot and Jeremy Lobo a Portugueze who lived twelve years in this Country have undecelved us with their better accounts Zalderane a spacious Plain near the City Tauris in Persia towards the Borders of Armenia beyond the Euphrates made remarkable by the Battel fought upon it Aug. 26. 1514. betwixt Ismael K. of Persia and Selim. I. Emperor of the Turks Zama an ancient City of Africa which is the modern Zamora in the Kingdom of Algiers Called in an inscription yet extant in it Colonia Aelia Hadriana Augusta Zama Regia Hannibal received a great defeat from Scipio at this City Juba King of Mauritania chose it for the Capital of his Kingdom In the ancient Christian times here it had the honour of a Bishops See Pliny mentions an excellent Fountain near it of the same name Zambeze a great River of Aethiopia in Africa which springeth from a Lake of its own name but called also Sachat upon the Borders of the Empires of Monomotapa and Abyssinia And after the reception of many Rivers into its bed divides itself towards its Mouth into four great Branches inclosing divers large and fruitful Islands so falls into the Aethiopick Ocean upon the Consines of Sofala and Mosambick Some confound the Lake Zambeze with that of Zaire Zamora a City in the Kingdom of Leon upon the River Douro which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Compostella so made by P. Calixtus II. in the Reign of Alphonsus VI. in 1119. Nine Leagues from Miranda to the East and fourteen from Validolid to the West See also Zama Zamoski Zamoscium a City in Red Russia in the Kingdom of Poland upon a fine Plain near the River Weper Built by a Grand Chancellour of Poland of the name of Zamoski fourteen Polish Miles from Luxemburgh to the North. It is a place of great strength and baffled an Attempt of the Cossacks upon it in 1651. Zanaga See Senga Zancle an ancient City of the Island of Sicily whose destruction by Anaxilaus a King of the Rhegenses in Italy makes it mentioned in History and Antiquity Ovid expresses the whole Island by its name in saying Zancle quoque juncta fuisse Dicitur Italiae Some suppose Messina now stands in the place of it Zanfara a City and Kingdom of Nigritia in Africa Zanguebar Zanguebaria a great Region in the Lower Aethiopia in Africa It has this Name from the Arabians over against whose Country it lies signifying Negroes or Blacks upon the Aethiopian Ocean on the Eastern Shoar of Africa It extends from North to South from five degrees of Northern to eighteen degrees of Southern Latitude but of small breadth The Kingdoms of Mombaza Melinda Mosambick Lamo Queilloa and many others of less note are contained in it full of Forests and Marshes which create a pestilent Air and an unfruitful Soil Zanhaga a Region and Desert upon the Atlantick Ocean in Africa North of the Kingdom of Tombutum or Tombotu in Lybia under the Tropick of Cancer South of Marocco Zante Zacynthus a great Island in the Ionian Sea under the States of Venice Twenty four Miles long sixteen broad and sixty in circuit It lies twelve Miles from Cefalonia to the South and the same from the Morea to the West It contains forty eight Castles fifty Villages and one City of the same Name with the Island which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Corfu has an excellent Harbor on the East side defended by a strong Castle upon an high Hill and a Garrison of Roman Catholicks but the Inhabitants are for the most part of the Greek Church Mr. Wheeler saith it is not above thirty Miles in circuit but one of the most fruitful and pleasant places he ever saw Lat 36. 30. It produces Wine Corn and Oyl with great abundance Robert Guichard the Valiant Norman Duke of Puglia dyed here in his Voyage to the Holy Land The chief Commodity is the Curran-Trade which bears the Charge of the Venetian Fleet or Armada The City and indeed the whole Island is very populous subject to Earthquakes which forceth them to build low The Jews have three Synagogues the Dominicans and other Religious three Monasteries the Episcopal See of Cephalonia and Zante is the same the two Islands making but one Diocese the City Zante may contain twenty or twenty five thousand Inhabitants There is only one River in the Island whose Communication with the Sea makes it Salt and one plentiful spring of sweet water But the great number of its Jacynths