because_o of_o such_o alienation_n but_o be_v put_v to_o his_o writ_n if_o a_o man_n seize_v in_o the_o right_n of_o his_o wife_n or_o if_o a_o tenant_n in_o tail_n make_v a_o feoffment_n and_o die_v the_o wife_n may_v not_o enter_v nor_o the_o issue_n in_o tail_n nor_o he_o in_o reversion_n but_o be_v put_v to_o the_o waction_n now_o the_o wife_n may_v enter_v by_o the_o statute_n 3_o 2._o h._n 8._o and_o a_o recovery_n suffer_v by_o the_o tenant_n by_o courtesy_n or_o by_o the_o tenant_n after_o possibility_n of_o issue_n extinct_a or_o for_o term_n of_o life_n be_v now_o make_v no_o discontinuance_n such_o thing_n that_o pass_v by_o way_n of_o a_o grant_n by_o deed_n without_o livery_n and_o seize_v can_v be_v discontinue_v as_o a_o reversion_n or_o rent-charge_n common_a etc._n etc._n a_o release_n or_o confirmation_n without_o warranty_n make_v no_o discontinuance_n chpp._n xvi_o descent_n descent_n which_o take_v away_o entry_n be_v where_o a_o man_n disseize_v another_o and_o die_v and_o his_o heir_n enter_v or_o make_v a_o feoffment_n to_o another_o in_o fee_n or_o in_o tail_n and_o he_o die_v and_o his_o heir_n enter_v these_o descent_n put_v a_o man_n from_o his_o entry_n a_o descent_n during_o minority_n marriage_n non_fw-la sanae_fw-la mentis_fw-la imprisonment_n or_o be_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n do_v not_o take_v away_o a_o entry_n descent_n of_o rent_n in_o gross_a the_o lord_n notwithstanding_o may_v distrain_v a_o die_v seize_v of_o a_o term_n for_o life_n or_o of_o a_o remainder_n or_o reversion_n do_v not_o take_v away_o a_o entry_n he_o must_v die_v seize_v in_o fee_n and_o franktenement_n a_o diseizin_n can_v be_v to_o one_o joynt-tenant_n or_o parcener_n alone_o if_o it_o be_v not_o to_o the_o other_o if_o a_o condition_n be_v break_v after_o a_o descent_n the_o donor_n feoffor_a or_o his_o heir_n may_v enter_v a_o wrongful_a diseizin_n be_v no_o descent_n unless_o the_o diseisor_n have_v quiet_a possession_n five_o year_n without_o entry_n or_o claim_v 32._o h._n 8._o chap._n xvii_o continual_a claim_n continual_a claim_n be_v a_o demand_n make_v by_o another_o of_o the_o property_n or_o possession_n of_o a_o thing_n which_o he_o have_v not_o in_o possession_n but_o be_v withhold_v from_o he_o wrongful_o defeat_v a_o descent_n happen_v within_o a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n after_o it_o be_v make_v and_o now_o by_o the_o statute_n within_o five_o year_n chap._n xviii_o remitter_n remitter_n be_v when_o by_o a_o new_a title_n the_o franktenement_n be_v cast_v upon_o a_o man_n who_o entry_n be_v take_v away_o by_o a_o descent_n or_o discontinuance_n he_o shall_v be_v in_o by_o the_o elder_a title_n as_o if_o tenant_n in_o tail_n discontinue_v the_o tail_n and_o after_o diseize_v his_o continuance_n and_o die_v thereof_o seize_v and_o the_o land_n descend_v to_o his_o issue_n in_o that_o case_n he_o be_v say_v to_o be_v in_o his_o remitter_n viz._n seize_v his_o ancient_a estate_n tail_n when_o the_o entry_n of_o a_o man_n be_v lawful_a and_o he_o take_v a_o estate_n to_o himself_o when_o he_o be_v of_o full_a age_n if_o it_o be_v not_o by_o deed_n indent_v or_o matter_n of_o record_n which_o shall_v estop_v he_o it_o shall_v be_v to_o he_o a_o good_a remitrer_fw-fr a_o remitter_n to_o the_o tenant_n shall_v be_v a_o remitter_n to_o he_o in_o the_o remainder_n and_o reversion_n chap._n xix_o tenor_n all_o land_n be_v hold_v of_o the_o king_n immediate_o or_o of_o some_o other_o person_n and_o therefore_o when_o any_o that_o have_v fee_fw-mi die_v without_o heir_n the_o land_n shall_v escheat_n to_o the_o lord_n and_o they_o be_v hold_v for_o the_o most_o part_n either_o by_o knight_n service_n or_o in_o soccage_n knight_n service_n draw_v to_o it_o ward_n marriage_n and_o relief_n viz._n of_o ward_n marriage_n and_o relief_n the_o heir_n male_a unmarried_a shall_v be_v in_o ward_n until_o 21_o year_n of_o age_n if_o he_o be_v marry_v in_o the_o life_n of_o his_o ancestor_n yet_o the_o lord_n shall_v have_v the_o profit_n of_o the_o â—â—nd_n till_o his_o full_a age_n none_o shall_v be_v in_o ward_n during_o the_o life_n of_o â—he_n father_n if_o the_o heir_n refuse_v a_o convenient_a marriage_n he_o shall_v pay_v to_o the_o lord_n the_o value_n when_o he_o come_v to_o full_a age_n if_o the_o ward_n marry_v against_o the_o will_n of_o the_o guardian_n he_o shall_v pay_v he_o the_o double_a value_n of_o his_o marriage_n but_o if_o the_o heir_n be_v of_o the_o full_a age_n aforesaid_a he_o shall_v pay_v a_o relief_n a_o relief_n for_o a_o whole_a knight_n fee_n be_v 5_o l_o for_o half_a a_o knight_n fee_fw-mi 50s._o for_o a_o quarter_n 25_o for_o more_o more_o for_o less_o less_o according_o a_o relief_n be_v no_o service_n but_o be_v incident_a to_o a_o service_n the_o guardian_n must_v not_o commit_v waste_a viz._n chattel_n tenure_n in_o soccage_n tenure_n in_o soccage_n be_v where_o the_o tenant_n hold_v of_o his_o lord_n by_o fealty_n suit_n oâ—_n court_n and_o certain_a rent_n for_o all_o manner_n of_o service_n the_o lord_n shall_v not_o have_v the_o wardship_n but_o a_o relief_n present_o after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o tenant_n a_o relief_n for_o soccoge_n land_n be_v a_o year_n renâ—_n and_o be_v to_o be_v pay_v present_o upon_o a_o descent_n oâ—_n purchase_v as_o if_o the_o land_n be_v hold_v by_o fealty_n and_o 10s._o rent_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la â—0s._n shall_v be_v paiâ—…_n for_o relief_n the_o next_o of_o the_o kin_n to_o who_o the_o inheritance_n may_v not_o descend_v shall_v have_v the_o wardship_n of_o the_o land_n and_o of_o the_o heir_n until_o his_o age_n of_o 14._o year_n to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o heir_n at_o which_o age_n the_o heir_n may_v call_v he_o to_o account_v if_o the_o guardian_n die_v the_o heir_n can_v have_v a_o action_n of_o account_n against_o the_o executor_n of_o the_o guardian_n the_o executor_n of_o the_o guardian_n may_v not_o have_v the_o wardship_n but_o some_o other_o of_o the_o next_o of_o kin_n the_o husband_n may_v not_o alien_a the_o interest_n of_o the_o wife_n in_o the_o guardianship_n nor_o hold_v it_o if_o she_o die_v it_o may_v not_o be_v sell_v if_o another_o man_n occupy_v the_o land_n of_o the_o heir_n as_o warden_n in_o soccage_n the_o heir_n may_v call_v he_o to_o account_v as_o guardian_n if_o the_o guardian_n hold_v the_o land_n after_o the_o heir_n be_v 14._o the_o heir_n shall_v call_v he_o to_o account_v as_o his_o bailiff_n gavill-kinde_n the_o next_o of_o kin_n shall_v have_v the_o guardianship_n of_o the_o body_n and_o land_n until_o the_o heir_n be_v 15._o year_n of_o age_n diversity_n of_o age_n a_o man_n have_v but_o two_o age_n the_o full_a age_n of_o male_a and_o female_a be_v one_o and_o twenty_o a_o woman_n have_v six_o age_n the_o lord_n her_o father_n may_v distrain_v for_o aid_n for_o her_o marriage_n when_o she_o be_v seven_o she_o be_v double_a at_o nine_o she_o be_v able_a to_o assent_v to_o matrimony_n at_o twelve_o she_o shall_v not_o be_v in_o warde_n if_o she_o be_v fourteen_o she_o shall_v go_v out_o of_o ward_n at_o sixteen_o she_o may_v sell_v or_o give_v her_o land_n at_o 21._o no_o man_n may_v be_v swear_v in_o any_o jury_n before_o he_o be_v 21._o before_o which_o age_n all_o gift_n grant_n or_o deed_n as_o do_v not_o effect_v by_o delivery_n of_o his_o own_o hand_n be_v void_a and_o all_o other_o voidable_a except_o for_o necessary_a meat_n drink_n and_o apparel_n etc._n etc._n a_o infant_n may_v do_v any_o thing_n for_o his_o own_o advantage_n as_o to_o be_v executor_n or_o such_o like_a a_o infant_n shall_v sue_v by_o his_o next_o friend_n and_o answer_v by_o his_o guardian_n gavill-kind_n the_o heir_n may_v give_v or_o sell_v at_o fifteen_o year_n of_o age_n 1._o the_o land_n must_v descend_v not_o be_v give_v he_o by_o will._n 2._o he_o must_v have_v full_a recompense_n 3._o it_o must_v be_v by_o feoffment_n and_o livery_n of_o seize_v with_o his_o own_o hand_n not_o by_o warrant_n of_o attorney_n nor_o any_o other_o conveyance_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n a_o infant_n may_v be_v executor_n at_o 17._o year_n of_o age_n a_o infant_n may_v make_v a_o will_n of_o his_o good_n at_o 14._o year_n of_o age_n and_o a_o maid_n at_o 12._o chap._n xxi_o rent_n there_o be_v three_o manner_n of_o rent_n rent-service_n rent-charge_a rent-seck_n rent-service_n be_v where_o a_o man_n hold_v his_o land_n of_o his_o lord_n by_o certain_a rent_n and_o so_o forth_o rent-charge_a be_v grant_v or_o reserve_v out_o of_o certain_a land_n by_o deed_n with_o a_o clause_n of_o distress_n rent-seck_n be_v a_o rent_n grant_v without_o a_o distress_n or_o rent-service_n sever_v from_o other_o service_n become_v a_o rent-seck_a the_o reversion_n of_o a_o rent_n
but_o by_o presentment_n in_o the_o leete_n if_o a_o private_a way_n be_v straighten_a or_o if_o a_o bridge_n there_o which_o another_o aught_o to_o repair_v be_v decay_v a_o action_n of_o the_o case_n lie_v but_o if_o the_o way_n be_v stop_v a_o assize_n of_o nuisance_n lie_v and_o the_o lessee_n may_v have_v it_o after_o the_o lessor_n year_n begin_v or_o the_o lessee_n may_v have_v a_o action_n of_o the_o case_n if_o the_o most_o part_n of_o a_o water-way_n be_v stop_v a_o assize_n will_v lie_v chap._n xxvi_o liberty_n a_o liberty_n be_v a_o royal_a privilege_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o subject_n all_o liberty_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o crown_n and_o therefore_o be_v extinguish_v if_o they_o come_v to_o the_o crown_n again_o by_o escheat_n forfeiture_n or_o such_o like_a for_o the_o great_a do_v drown_v the_o lesser_a one_o may_v have_v park_n a_o leete_n wayfe_n stray_n wreck_n of_o sea_n and_o â—enura_fw-la placitorum_fw-la by_o prescription_n and_o without_o allowance_n in_o eyre_n but_o not_o cognizance_n of_o plea_n nor_o cattalla_n fellonum_fw-la vel_fw-la fugitinorum_fw-la aut_fw-la ut_fw-la ligatorum_fw-la a_o liberty_n may_v be_v forfeit_v by_o misuse_v as_o to_o keep_v a_o market_n otherwise_o than_o it_o be_v grant_v a_o liberty_n may_v be_v forfeit_v for_o not_o use_v when_o it_o be_v for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n as_o not_o to_o exercise_v the_o office_n of_o the_o clerk_n of_o the_o market_n but_o not_o to_o use_v a_o market_n be_v not_o whatsoever_o be_v in_o the_o king_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o prerogative_n may_v not_o be_v grant_v or_o pardon_v by_o general_a word_n but_o by_o special_a chap._n xxvii_o of_o chattel_n real_a chattel_n real_a be_v guardianship_n lease_n for_o year_n or_o at_o will_n etc._n etc._n guardianship_n be_v a_o commodity_n of_o have_v the_o custody_n of_o the_o body_n or_o land_n or_o both_o where_o the_o heir_n be_v within_o age_n and_o the_o lord_n of_o who_o the_o land_n be_v hold_v by_o knight_n service_n shall_v have_v the_o same_o to_o his_o own_o use_n for_o it_o be_v a_o chattel_n real_a and_o therefore_o his_o executor_n shall_v have_v it_o the_o guardian_n must_v not_o do_v waste_n nor_o in_o feoff_n upon_o pain_n of_o lose_v the_o wardship_n but_o he_o must_v maintain_v the_o building_n out_o of_o the_o issue_n of_o the_o land_n and_o so_o restore_v it_o to_o the_o heir_n if_o the_o committee_n of_o the_o king_n commit_v the_o wardship_n shall_v be_v commit_v to_o another_o if_o the_o grantee_n he_o shall_v lose_v the_o wardship_n and_o one_o of_o the_o friend_n of_o the_o ward_n be_v his_o next_o friend_n that_o will_v may_v sue_v for_o he_o if_o a_o lease_n be_v make_v to_o a_o man_n and_o his_o heir_n for_o 20._o year_n it_o be_v a_o chattel_n and_o his_o executor_n shall_v have_v it_o otherwise_o if_o a_o man_n will_v a_o lease_n to_o a_o man_n and_o his_o heir_n here_o the_o word_n heir_n be_v word_n of_o purchase_n and_o his_o heir_n shall_v have_v it_o if_o a_o man_n grant_v proximam_fw-la advocationem_fw-la to_o i._n s._n and_o his_o heir_n it_o be_v but_o a_o chattel_n for_o it_o be_v but_o for_o unicâ_fw-la vice_n write_n pawn_v for_o money_n lend_v be_v chattel_n if_o a_o woman_n have_v execution_n of_o land_n by_o statute-merchant_n and_o take_v a_o husband_n he_o may_v grant_v it_o for_o it_o be_v a_o chattel_n of_o chattel_n personal_a chattel_n personal_a be_v gold_n silver_n plate_n jewel_n utensil_n beast_n and_o other_o chattel_n and_o movable_a good_n whatsoever_o obligation_n and_o corn_n upon_o the_o ground_n all_o good_n as_o well_o movable_a as_o unmoveable_a corn_n upon_o the_o ground_n obligation_n right_a of_o action_n money_n out_o of_o bag_n and_o corn_n out_o of_o sack_n sunt_fw-la cattalla_n money_n be_v not_o to_o be_v pass_v by_o the_o grant_n of_o all_o his_o good_n and_o chattel_n nor_o hawk_n nor_o hound_n nor_o other_o thing_n ferae_fw-la naturae_fw-la for_o the_o property_n be_v not_o in_o any_o not_o after_o they_o be_v make_v tame_a long_o than_o they_o be_v in_o his_o possession_n as_o my_o hound_n follow_v i_o or_o my_o man_n or_o my_o hawk_n fly_v after_o a_o foul_a or_o my_o deer_n haunt_v out_o of_o my_o park_n but_o if_o they_o stray_v of_o their_o own_o accord_n it_o be_v lawful_a for_o any_o man_n to_o take_v and_o the_o heir_n shall_v have_v they_o all_o chattel_n shall_v go_v to_o the_o executor_n fat_n and_o furnace_n fix_v in_o a_o brew_n house_n or_o dyhouse_n by_o the_o lessee_n if_o they_o be_v fix_v by_o tenant_n in_o fee_n the_o heir_n shall_v have_v they_o now_o something_o have_v be_v say_v concern_v possession_n it_o follow_v that_o it_o be_v show_v how_o they_o may_v be_v convey_v from_o one_o man_n to_o another_o chap._n xxviii_o of_o conveyance_n in_o every_o conveyance_n there_o must_v be_v a_o grantor_n and_o a_o grantee_n and_o something_o grant_v the_o conveyance_n of_o some_o person_n be_v void_a of_o other_o voidable_a conveyance_n of_o a_o woman_n covert_n be_v void_a without_o the_o consent_n of_o her_o husband_n and_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v make_v in_o she_o and_o his_o name_n except_o it_o be_v do_v as_o executor_n to_o another_o of_o a_o infant_n that_o which_o do_v not_o take_v effect_n with_o the_o delivery_n of_o his_o own_o hand_n be_v void_a and_o a_o action_n of_o trespass_n will_v lie_v against_o he_o for_o take_v the_o thing_n give_v otherwise_o it_o be_v but_o voidable_a except_o it_o be_v as_o executor_n or_o for_o necessary_a meat_n and_o drink_v etc._n etc._n for_o his_o advantage_n voidable_o of_o non_fw-la sane_fw-la memory_n royal_a voidable_o or_o make_v by_o duresse_n royal_a voydable_a by_o the_o party_n themselves_o and_o their_o heir_n and_o by_o they_o that_o shall_v have_v their_o estate_n except_o non_fw-fr sane_a himself_o grant_n by_o fine_a voydable_a by_o writ_n of_o error_n by_o a_o infant_n during_o his_o nonage_n and_o by_o the_o husband_n for_o a_o fine_a levy_v by_o his_o wife_n alone_o during_o their_o marriage_n conveyance_n of_o some_o person_n can_v be_v good_a for_o ever_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o other_o as_o the_o dean_n without_o the_o chapter_n the_o major_a without_o the_o commonalty_n and_o of_o other_o body_n politic_a that_o have_v a_o common_a seal_n or_o of_o a_o parson_n without_o the_o patron_n and_o ordinary_a if_o there_o be_v no_o condition_n in_o the_o conveyance_n it_o shall_v be_v intend_v the_o elder_a a_o conveyance_n make_v to_o a_o feme_fw-fr covert_n shall_v be_v good_a and_o of_o effect_n until_o her_o husband_n do_v disagree_v a_o infant_n may_v be_v grantee_n so_o may_v a_o woman_n outlaw_v a_o villain_n a_o bastard_n and_o a_o felon_n a_o bastard_n can_v have_v no_o heir_n but_o the_o issue_n of_o his_o body_n lawful_o beget_v a_o infant_n at_o the_o age_n of_o discretion_n by_o his_o actual_a entry_n and_o a_o woman_n against_o the_o will_n of_o her_o husband_n may_v be_v a_o disseisor_n or_o a_o trespassor_n in_o all_o conveyance_n there_o must_v be_v one_o name_v which_o may_v take_v by_o force_n the_o grant_n at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o grant_n a_o grant_v make_v to_o the_o right_a heir_n of_o one_o that_o be_v dead_a be_v good_a or_o custodibus_fw-la eccle._n be_v good_a for_o good_n all_o chattel_n real_a or_o personal_a may_v be_v grant_v or_o give_v without_o a_o deed._n rent-service_n rent-seck_a rent-charge_n common_a of_o pasture_n or_o of_o turbarie_n reversion_n remainder_n advowson_n or_o other_o thing_n which_o lie_v not_o in_o manual_a occupation_n may_v not_o be_v convey_v for_o year_n for_o life_n in_o tail_n or_o in_o fee_n without_o write_v the_o major_n or_o commonalty_n or_o such_o like_a can_v make_v a_o lease_n for_o year_n without_o a_o deed._n chap._n xxix_o of_o deed_n three_o thing_n needful_a and_o pertain_v to_o every_o deed_n write_v seal_v and_o deliver_v in_o the_o write_n must_v be_v show_v the_o person_n name_n their_o dwell_a place_n and_o degree_n the_o thing_n grant_v upon_o what_o consideration_n the_o estate_n whether_o absolute_a or_o conditional_a with_o the_o other_o circumstance_n and_o the_o time_n when_o it_o be_v do_v no_o grant_n can_v be_v make_v but_o to_o he_o that_o be_v party_n to_o the_o deed_n except_o it_o be_v by_o way_n of_o remainder_n the_o word_n must_v be_v sufficient_a in_o law_n to_o bind_v the_o party_n as_o if_o a_o man_n grant_v omnes_fw-la terras_fw-la certa_fw-la sua_fw-la a_o lease_n for_o year_n pass_v not_o but_o for_o franktenement_n at_o least_o nec_fw-la per_fw-la omne_fw-la bona_fw-la sua_fw-la exceptio_fw-la semper_fw-la ultimo_fw-la ponenda_fw-la est_fw-la the_o habendum_fw-la must_v include_v the_o premise_n a_o condition_n can_v be_v reserve_v but_o by_o the_o grantor_n and_o it_o be_v proper_a to_o follow_v the_o
rather_o beat_v he_o then_o suffer_v he_o to_o take_v or_o carry_v they_o away_o chap._n xliv_o how_o far_o other_o man_n contract_n and_o misdemeanour_n do_v bind_v we_o a_o man_n shall_v be_v bind_v by_o many_o trespass_n of_o his_o wife_n but_o not_o to_o sustain_v corporal_a punishment_n for_o it_o for_o murder_n felony_n battery_n trespass_n borrow_v or_o receive_v of_o money_n in_o his_o master_n name_n by_o a_o servant_n the_o master_n shall_v not_o be_v charge_v unless_o it_o be_v do_v by_o his_o command_n or_o come_v to_o his_o use_n by_o his_o assent_n if_o i_o command_v one_o to_o do_v a_o trespass_n i_o shall_v be_v a_o trespassor_n or_o otherwise_o if_o i_o do_v but_o consent_v there_o be_v no_o accessary_a in_o trespass_n we_o shall_v be_v charge_v if_o any_o of_o our_o family_n lay_v or_o cast_v any_o thing_n into_o the_o high_a way_n to_o the_o noisance_n of_o his_o majesty_n liege_n people_n every_o man_n be_v bind_v to_o make_v recompense_n for_o such_o hurt_n as_o his_o beast_n shall_v do_v in_o the_o corn_n or_o grass_n of_o his_o neighbour_n though_o he_o know_v not_o that_o they_o be_v there_o and_o for_o his_o dog_n bear_n etc._n etc._n if_o they_o hurt_v the_o good_n or_o chattel_n of_o any_o other_o for_o that_o he_o be_v to_o govern_v they_o a_o man_n shall_v not_o be_v charge_v by_o the_o contract_n of_o his_o wife_n or_o his_o servant_n if_o the_o thing_n come_v to_o his_o use_n have_v no_o notice_n of_o it_o but_o if_o he_o command_v they_o to_o buy_v he_o shall_v be_v charge_v though_o they_o come_v not_o to_o his_o use_n or_o have_v notice_n thereof_o if_o a_o wife_n or_o servant_n use_v to_o buy_v or_o sell_v if_o he_o sell_v his_o master_n horse_n and_o exchange_v his_o ox_n for_o wheat_n that_o come_v to_o his_o master_n use_n his_o master_n may_v not_o have_v a_o action_n of_o trespass_n for_o it_o but_o he_o shall_v be_v charge_v for_o the_o corn_n and_o the_o other_o need_v not_o to_o show_v that_o he_o have_v warrant_n to_o buy_v for_o he_o if_o a_o manservant_n that_o keep_v his_o shop_n or_o that_o use_v to_o sell_v for_o he_o shall_v give_v away_o his_o good_n he_o shall_v have_v trespass_n against_o the_o donee_n but_o if_o i_o deliver_v my_o good_n to_o another_o to_o keep_v to_o my_o use_n and_o he_o do_v give_v they_o away_o i_o shall_v not_o for_o the_o donee_n have_v notice_n who_o good_n they_o be_v as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o servant_n if_o a_o man_n make_v another_o his_o general_a receiver_n which_o receive_v money_n and_o make_v a_o acquittance_n and_o pay_v not_o his_o master_n yet_o that_o payment_n discharge_v the_o debtor_n if_o a_o servant_n keep_v his_o master_n fire_n negligent_o a_o action_n lie_v against_o the_o master_n otherwise_o if_o he_o bear_v it_o negligent_o in_o the_o street_n if_o i_o command_v my_o servant_n to_o distrain_v and_o he_o do_v ride_v on_o the_o distress_n he_o shall_v be_v punish_v not_o i_o if_o a_o man_n command_v his_o servant_n to_o sell_v a_o thing_n that_o be_v defective_a general_o to_o who_o he_o can_v sell_v it_o deceit_n lie_v not_o against_o he_o otherwise_o if_o he_o bid_v he_o sell_v it_o to_o such_o a_o man_n it_o do_v a_o contract_n or_o a_o promise_n make_v to_o the_o wife_n be_v good_a when_o the_o husband_n do_v agree_v so_o it_o be_v to_o a_o servant_n and_o it_o shall_v be_v say_v to_o be_v make_v to_o the_o husband_n and_o master_n himself_o if_o a_o man_n take_v a_o wife_n that_o be_v in_o debt_n he_o shall_v be_v charge_v with_o her_o debt_n during_o her_o life_n if_o she_o die_v he_o shall_v be_v discharge_v chap._n xlv_o will_n and_o testament_n have_v hitherto_o treat_v of_o such_o contract_n as_o the_o take_v effect_n in_o the_o life_n time_n of_o the_o party_n with_o their_o difference_n it_o be_v now_o to_o deal_v with_o instrument_n which_o take_v effect_n after_o their_o death_n that_o those_o thing_n which_o they_o have_v preserve_v with_o care_n and_o get_v with_o pain_n in_o their_o life_n may_v be_v leave_v to_o their_o posterity_n in_o peace_n and_o quietness_n after_o their_o death_n of_o which_o sort_n be_v last_o will_n and_o testament_n there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o will_n write_v and_o nuncupative_a anuncupative_a testament_n be_v when_o the_o testator_n do_v by_o word_n only_o without_o writing_n declare_v his_o will_n before_o a_o sufficient_a number_n of_o witness_n of_o his_o chattel_n only_o for_o land_n pass_v not_o but_o by_o write_v it_o may_v for_o the_o better_a continuance_n after_o the_o make_n be_v put_v in_o writing_n and_o prove_v but_o it_o be_v still_o a_o testament_n nuncupative_a a_o write_a testament_n be_v that_o which_o at_o the_o very_a time_n of_o the_o make_v thereof_o be_v put_v in_o writing_n by_o which_o kind_n of_o testament_n in_o writing_n only_a land_n and_o testament_n pass_v and_o not_o by_o word_n of_o mouth_n only_o two_o thing_n be_v require_v to_o the_o perfection_n of_o a_o will_n by_o which_o land_n pass_v viz._n first_o writing_n which_o be_v the_o beginning_n second_o the_o death_n of_o the_o devisor_n which_o be_v the_o finish_n in_o a_o will_n of_o good_n there_o must_v be_v a_o executor_n name_v otherwise_o of_o land_n a_o man_n may_v make_v one_o executor_n or_o more_o simple_o or_o conditional_o for_o a_o time_n or_o for_o parcel_n of_o his_o chattel_n if_o no_o executor_n be_v name_v than_o it_o still_o retain_v the_o name_n of_o last_o a_o will_n and_o shall_v be_v annex_v to_o the_o letter_n of_o administration_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o gift_n gavil_v kind_a land_n may_v be_v devise_v by_o custom_n land_n bolden_v in_o socage_n tenure_n all_o be_v devisable_a knight_n service_n 2_o part_n 3_o in_o writing_n fear_v fraud_n and_o flattery_n three_o unfit_a accident_n to_o be_v at_o the_o make_n of_o a_o will._n a_o woman_n may_v make_v a_o will_n of_o the_o good_n of_o her_o husband_n by_o his_o consent_n and_o licence_n by_o word_n be_v sufficient_a and_o of_o the_o good_n she_o have_v as_o executor_n without_o his_o consent_n but_o she_o can_v give_v they_o unto_o he_o a_o boy_n after_o his_o age_n of_o fourteen_o and_o a_o maid_n after_o her_o age_n of_o twelve_o may_v make_v a_o will_n of_o their_o good_n and_o chattel_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n the_o will_n of_o the_o donor_n shall_v be_v always_o observe_v if_o it_o be_v not_o impossible_a or_o great_o contrary_a to_o the_o law_n a_o devisor_n be_v intend_v inops_fw-la consilii_fw-la and_o the_o law_n shall_v be_v his_o counsel_n and_o according_a to_o his_o intent_n appear_v in_o his_o will_n shall_v supply_v the_o defect_n of_o his_o word_n a_o prerogative_n will_n be_v five_o pound_n in_o another_o diocese_n a_o man_n may_v not_o traverse_v the_o probate_n of_o a_o testament_n or_o letter_n of_o administration_n direct_o but_o he_o may_v say_v against_o the_o testament_n that_o the_o testator_n never_o make_v the_o party_n his_o executor_n chap._n xlvi_o devise_n a_o devise_v aught_o to_o be_v good_a and_o effectual_a at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o death_n of_o the_o devisor_n the_o devisee_n may_v not_o enter_v into_o the_o term_n or_o take_v a_o chattel_n but_o by_o the_o delivery_n of_o the_o executor_n but_o he_o may_v sue_v for_o it_o in_o court_n christian_n into_o franktenement_n or_o inheritance_n he_o may_v enter_v devisee_n be_v purchasees_n as_o if_o a_o lease_n for_o year_n be_v will_v to_o a_o man_n and_o his_o heir_n the_o heir_n shall_v have_v it_o for_o heir_n be_v a_o name_n of_o purchase_n here_o a_o reversion_n of_o land_n or_o tenement_n will_v pass_v by_o the_o name_n of_o land_n and_o tenement_n in_o a_o devise_n if_o a_o man_n devise_v all_o his_o land_n and_o tenement_n a_o lease_n for_o year_n do_v not_o pass_v where_o he_o have_v land_n in_o fee_n and_o also_o a_o lease_n there_o otherwise_o it_o will_n if_o a_o man_n devise_v all_o his_o good_n a_o rent-charge_n which_o he_o have_v for_o year_n will_v pass_v and_o all_o other_o his_o personal_a chattel_n and_o if_o a_o man_n give_v all_o his_o moveable_n to_o one_o he_o shall_v have_v all_o his_o horse_n cattle_n pan_n and_o personal_a chattel_n and_o all_o his_o immovables_n to_o another_o he_o shall_v have_v all_o his_o corn_n grow_v and_o fruit_n on_o his_o tree_n and_o the_o chattel_n real_a a_o man_n may_v devise_v land_n or_o good_n to_o a_o infant_n in_o the_o mother_n belly_n or_o good_n to_o the_o churchwarden_n of_o d._n there_o be_v great_a diversity_n where_o the_o property_n be_v devise_v and_o when_o the_o occupation_n be_v devise_v a_o man_n may_v devise_v that_o a_o man_n shall_v have_v the_o occupation_n of_o his_o plate_n or_o other_o chattel_n during_o his_o life_n or_o
of_o general_a statute_n the_o judge_n will_v take_v notice_n if_o they_o be_v not_o plead_v but_o not_o of_o special_a or_o particular_a all_o act_n of_o parliament_n as_o well_o private_a as_o general_a shall_v be_v take_v by_o reasonable_a construction_n be_v collect_v out_o of_o the_o word_n of_o the_o act_n only_o according_a to_o the_o true_a intention_n and_o meaning_n of_o the_o maker_n four_o lesson_n to_o be_v observe_v where_o contrary_a law_n come_v in_o question_n 1._o the_o inferior_a law_n must_v give_v place_n to_o the_o superior_a 2._o the_o law_n general_n must_v yield_v to_o the_o law_n special_a 3._o man_n law_n to_o god_n law_n 4._o a_o old_a law_n to_o a_o new_a law_n and_o oftentimes_o all_o these_o law_n must_v be_v join_v together_o to_o help_v a_o man_n to_o his_o right_n as_o if_o a_o man_n disseize_v and_o the_o disseizor_n make_v a_o feoffment_n to_o defrand_v the_o plaintiff_n in_o this_o case_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o say_v unlawful_a entry_n be_v prohibit_v by_o the_o law_n of_o reason_n but_o the_o plaintiff_n shall_v recover_v double_a damage_n and_o that_o be_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o 8_o hen._n 6._o and_o that_o the_o damage_n shall_v be_v sess_v by_o 12._o man_n that_o be_v by_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o so_o in_o some_o case_n these_o three_o law_n do_v maintain_v the_o plaintiff_n right_n and_o these_o law_n concern_v either_o man_n possession_n or_o the_o punishment_n of_o offence_n and_o so_o much_o shall_v be_v sufficient_a to_o be_v say_v touch_v common_a law_n custom_n and_o statute_n concern_v possession_n the_o difference_n between_o possession_n and_o seize_v be_v lease_n for_o year_n be_v possess_v and_o yet_o the_o lessor_n be_v still_o seize_v and_o therefore_o the_o term_n of_o the_o law_n be_v that_o of_o chattel_n a_o man_n be_v possess_v whereas_o in_o feoffment_n gift_n in_o tail_n and_o lease_n for_o life_n he_o be_v call_v seize_v chap._n iii_o of_o possession_n of_o franktenement_n tenant_n in_o fee-simple_n be_v he_o which_o have_v land_n or_o tenement_n to_o hold_v to_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n for_o ever_o it_o be_v the_o best_a inheritance_n a_o man_n may_v have_v he_o may_v sell_v or_o grant_v or_o make_v his_o will_n of_o those_o land_n and_o if_o a_o man_n die_v they_o do_v descend_v to_o his_o heir_n of_o the_o whole_a blood_n chap._n iv._o fee-tail_n fee-tail_n be_v of_o what_o body_n he_o shall_v come_v that_o shall_v inherit_v tenant_n in_o tail_n be_v say_v to_o be_v in_o two_o manner_n tenant_n in_o tail_n general_n and_o tenant_n in_o tail_n special_a general_n tail_n be_v where_o land_n or_o tenement_n be_v give_v to_o a_o man_n and_o his_o wife_n and_o to_o the_o heir_n of_o their_o two_o body_n or_o to_o his_o heir_n male_n or_o to_o his_o heir_n female_n tenant_n in_o tail_n be_v not_o punishable_a for_o waste_v tenant_n in_o tail_n can_v will_v his_o land_n nor_o bargain_n sell_v or_o grant_v but_o for_o term_v of_o his_o life_n without_o a_o fine_a or_o recovery_n if_o a_o man_n will_v purchase_v land_n in_o fee_n it_o behove_v he_o to_o have_v these_o word_n heir_n in_o his_o purchase_n if_o a_o man_n will_v grant_v land_n in_o tail_n it_o behove_v he_o to_o appoint_v what_o body_n they_o shall_v come_v of_o yet_o a_o devise_n of_o land_n to_o a_o man_n and_o his_o heir_n male_n be_v a_o good_a intayle_v and_o of_o land_n to_o a_o man_n for_o ever_o a_o good_a free-simple_a how_o land_n shall_v descend_v inheritance_n be_v a_o estate_n which_o do_v descend_v it_o may_v not_o lineal_o ascend_v from_o the_o son_n which_o purchase_v in_o fee_n and_o die_v to_o his_o father_n but_o descend_v to_o his_o uncle_n or_o brother_n and_o to_o his_o heir_n which_o be_v the_o next_o of_o the_o whole_a blood_n for_o the_o half_a blood_n shall_v not_o inherit_v but_o the_o most_o worthy_a of_o blood_n as_o of_o the_o blood_n of_o the_o father_n before_o the_o mother_n of_o the_o elder_a brother_n before_o the_o other_o and_o bear_v within_o espousal_n a_o descent_n shall_v be_v intend_v to_o the_o heir_n of_o he_o which_o be_v last_o actual_o seize_v that_o the_o sister_n of_o the_o whole_a blood_n where_o the_o elder_a brother_n do_v enter_v after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o father_n and_o not_o his_o brother_n of_o the_o half_a blood_n nor_o any_o other_o collateral_a cousin_n shall_v inherit_v yet_o notwithstanding_o such_o a_o one_o be_v heir_n to_o a_o common_a ancester_n in_o which_o rule_n every_o word_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v and_o so_o in_o every_o maxim_n if_o the_o land_n rent_n advowson_n or_o such_o like_a do_v descend_v to_o the_o elder_a son_n and_o he_o die_v before_o any_o entry_n or_o receipt_n of_o the_o rent_n or_o presentment_n to_o the_o church_n the_o young_a son_n shall_v have_v and_o inherit_v and_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o that_o in_o all_o inheritance_n in_o possession_n he_o which_o claim_v title_n there_o unto_o as_o heir_n aught_o to_o make_v himself_o heir_n to_o he_o that_o be_v last_o actual_o seize_v here_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o lessee_n for_o year_n or_o of_o the_o guardian_n shall_v invest_v the_o actual_a possession_n and_o franktenement_n in_o the_o elder_a brother_n but_o he_o die_v seize_v of_o a_o reversion_n or_o a_o remainder_n or_o a_o estate_n for_o life_n or_o in_o tail_n there_o he_o which_o claim_v the_o reversion_n or_o remainder_n as_o heir_n aught_o to_o make_v himself_o heir_n to_o he_o that_o have_v the_o gift_n or_o make_v the_o purchase_n feodo_n exclude_v a_o estate_n tail_n where_o the_o second_o son_n shall_v inherit_v before_o the_o daughter_n and_o if_o the_o land_n be_v once_o settle_v in_o the_o blood_n of_o the_o father_n the_o heir_n of_o the_o mother_n shall_v never_o have_v they_o because_o they_o be_v not_o of_o the_o blood_n of_o he_o that_o be_v last_o seize_v and_o to_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o blood_n of_o the_o first_o purchaser_n as_o if_o the_o father_n purchase_v land_n and_o it_o descend_v to_o the_o son_n who_o enter_v and_o die_v without_o heir_n of_o the_o father_n part_n than_o the_o land_n shall_v descend_v to_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o mother_n or_o father_n of_o the_o father_n and_o not_o to_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o mother_n of_o the_o son_n although_o they_o be_v more_o near_o of_o blood_n to_o he_o that_o be_v last_o seize_v yet_o they_o be_v not_o of_o the_o blood_n of_o the_o first_o purchaser_n if_o the_o heir_n be_v female_n in_o equal_a distance_n as_o daughter_n sister_n aunt_n and_o so_o forth_o they_o shall_v inherit_v together_o and_o be_v but_o one_o heir_n and_o be_v call_v parcener_n gavill-kinde_n do_v descend_v to_o all_o the_o son_n and_o if_o no_o son_n to_o all_o the_o daughter_n and_o may_v be_v give_v by_o will_n by_o the_o custom_n chap._n v._o parceners_n parcener_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n woman_n and_o their_o heir_n by_o the_o common_a law_n man_n by_o the_o custom_n they_o may_v have_v a_o writ_n of_o partition_n and_o the_o sheriff_n may_v go_v to_o the_o land_n and_o by_o the_o oath_n of_o 12_o man_n make_v partition_n between_o they_o and_o the_o elder_a shall_v have_v the_o capital_a message_n by_o the_o common_a law_n and_o the_o young_a by_o the_o custom_n where_o the_o party_n will_v not_o show_v to_o the_o jewry_n the_o certainty_n there_o they_o shall_v be_v discharge_v in_o conscience_n if_o they_o make_v partition_n of_o so_o much_o as_o be_v presume_v and_o know_v by_o presumption_n and_o likelihood_n parceners_n may_v by_o agreement_n make_v partition_n by_o deed_n or_o by_o word_n and_o the_o elder_a first_o choose_v unless_o their_o agreement_n be_v to_o the_o contrary_n every_o part_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o partition_n must_v be_v of_o a_o even_o yearly_a value_n without_o encumbrance_n rend_v may_v be_v reserve_v for_o equality_n or_o partition_n and_o may_v be_v distrain_v for_o without_o a_o deed._n parcener_n by_o divers_a descent_n before_o partition_n be_v disseize_v shall_v have_v one_o assize_n a_o parcener_n before_o partition_n may_v charge_v or_o demise_v her_o part_n the_o entry_n or_o act_n of_o one_o copartner_n or_o joynt-tenant_n shall_v be_v the_o act_n of_o both_o when_o it_o be_v for_o their_o good_a if_o a_o parcener_n after_o partition_n be_v enter_v she_o may_v enter_v upon_o her_o sister_n part_n and_o hold_v it_o with_o she_o in_o parcenary_a and_o have_v a_o new_a partition_n if_o she_o hold_v none_o of_o her_o part_n before_o she_o be_v out_v viz._n in_o exchange_n chap._n vi_o joynt-tenant_n ioynttenant_n be_v such_o as_o have_v joint_a estate_n in_o good_n or_o land_n where_o he_o that_o survive_v shall_v have_v all_o without_o encumbrance_n if_o the_o tenement_n abide_v in_o the_o same_o plight_n as_o they_o
be_v grant_v joynt-tenant_n may_v have_v several_a estate_n a_o joynt-tenant_n can_v grant_v a_o rent-charge_n but_o for_o term_v of_o his_o own_o life_n a_o joynt-tenant_n may_v make_v a_o lease_n for_o life_n or_o for_o year_n of_o his_o part_n or_o release_v and_o the_o lessee_n for_o year_n may_v enter_v although_o the_o lessor_n die_v before_o the_o lease_n begin_v and_o his_o heir_n shall_v have_v the_o rent_n but_o the_o survivor_n the_o reversion_n a_o joynt-tenant_n may_v have_v a_o writ_n of_o partition_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 31._o of_o h._n 8._o cap._n 32._o a_o partition_n make_v by_o joynt-tenant_n or_o tenant_n in_o common_a of_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n must_v be_v by_o indenture_n by_o word_n it_o be_v void_a chap._n vii_o tenant_n in_o common_a tenant_n in_o common_a be_v those_o that_o hold_v land_n and_o tenement_n by_o several_a title_n they_o may_v join_v in_o action_n personal_a but_o they_o must_v have_v several_a action_n real_a they_o may_v have_v a_o writ_n of_o partition_n by_o the_o stat._n of_o 31._o h._n 8._o cap._n 32._o if_o one_o parcener_n joynt-tenant_n or_o tenant_n in_o common_a take_v all_o the_o other_o have_v no_o remedy_n but_o by_o ejectione_n firm_a or_o such_o like_a or_o waste_v gavil-kinde-land_n tenant_n by_o the_o courtesy_n of_o kent_n whether_o he_o have_v issue_n or_o no_o until_o he_o marry_v and_o so_o forth_o he_o may_v not_o commit_v waste_a chap._n viii_o tenant_n in_o dower_n a_o woman_n shall_v be_v endow_v of_o all_o sort_n of_o inheritance_n of_o her_o husband_n where_o the_o issue_n that_o she_o have_v by_o he_o may_v inherit_v as_o heir_n to_o his_o father_n by_o meet_v and_o bound_n of_o a_o three_o part_n she_o shall_v have_v houseroom_n and_o meat_n and_o drink_v in_o common_a for_o forty_o day_n but_o she_o may_v not_o kill_v a_o bullock_n within_o those_o 40._o day_n after_o the_o death_n of_o her_o husband_n in_o which_o time_n her_o dower_n ought_v to_o be_v assign_v she_o the_o assignment_n by_o he_o that_o have_v the_o franktenement_n be_v good_a but_o by_o he_o that_o be_v guardian_n in_o soccage_n or_o tenant_n by_o elegit_fw-la verte_a elegit_fw-la or_o statute_n or_o lessee_n for_o year_n be_v not_o she_o be_v to_o demand_v her_o dower_n on_o the_o land_n she_o shall_v recover_v damage_n when_o her_o husband_n die_v seize_v from_o the_o death_n of_o her_o husband_n if_o the_o heir_n be_v not_o ready_a at_o the_o first_o day_n to_o assign_v her_o dower_n she_o shall_v have_v all_o her_o chattel_n real_a again_o execept_n her_o husband_n sell_v they_o he_o may_v not_o charge_v they_o or_o give_v they_o by_o his_o will_n and_o likewise_o her_o bond_n if_o the_o money_n be_v due_a in_o the_o life_n of_o her_o husband_n and_o all_o convenient_a apparel_n but_o if_o she_o have_v more_o than_o be_v fit_a for_o her_o degree_n it_o will_v be_v asset_n a_o woman_n shall_v be_v bar_v of_o her_o dower_n so_o long_o as_o she_o detain_v the_o body_n of_o the_o heir_n be_v ward_n or_o the_o write_n of_o the_o son_n land_n a_o woman_n shall_v not_o be_v endow_v of_o any_o land_n that_o her_o husband_n joint_o hold_v with_o another_o at_o the_o time_n of_o his_o death_n dower_n of_o gavil-kind_n land_n if_o the_o woman_n shall_v be_v endow_v of_o one_o half_a so_o long_o as_o she_o be_v unmarried_a and_o chaste_a and_o it_o may_v be_v hold_v with_o the_o heir_n in_o common_a it_o be_v of_o land_n and_o tenement_n and_o not_o of_o a_o fair_a or_o such_o like_a where_o the_o heir_n lose_v not_o his_o inheritance_n there_o she_o lose_v not_o her_o dower_n jointure_n if_o a_o woman_n have_v a_o jointure_n be_v before_o marriage_n she_o may_v claim_v no_o dower_n 27._o hen._n 8._o if_o it_o be_v make_v during_o marriage_n she_o may_v enter_v into_o her_o jointure_n present_o if_o she_o enter_v or_o accept_v of_o it_o she_o shall_v not_o be_v endow_v if_o she_o shall_v be_v expulse_v of_o any_o part_n of_o her_o jointure_n she_o shall_v be_v endow_v of_o the_o residue_n of_o her_o husband_n land_n chap_n ix_o tenant_n for_o term_n of_o life_n tenant_n for_o term_n of_o life_n be_v he_o that_o have_v land_n or_o tenement_n for_o term_n of_o his_o life_n or_o another_o man_n life_n and_o none_o of_o lesser_a estate_n may_v have_v a_o freehold_n if_o a_o tenant_n for_o life_n sow_v the_o land_n and_o die_v before_o the_o corn_n be_v reap_v his_o executor_n shall_v have_v it_o but_o not_o the_o grass_n nor_o other_o fruit_n if_o a_o tenant_n for_o life_n be_v empanel_v upon_o a_o inquest_n and_o forfeit_a issue_n and_o die_v they_o shall_v be_v levy_v upon_o he_o in_o the_o reversion_n and_o so_o likewise_o if_o the_o husband_n on_o the_o land_n of_o the_o wife_n chap._n x._o tenant_n for_o term_n of_o year_n tenant_n for_o term_n of_o year_n be_v where_o a_o man_n let_v land_n or_o tenement_n to_o another_o for_o certain_a year_n he_o may_v enter_v when_o he_o will_v the_o death_n of_o the_o lessor_n be_v no_o let_v and_o may_v grant_v away_o his_o term_n before_o it_o begin_v but_o before_o he_o enter_v he_o can_v surrender_v nor_o have_v any_o action_n of_o trespass_n nor_o take_v a_o release_n he_o be_v bind_v to_o repair_v the_o tenement_n the_o lessor_n may_v enter_v to_o see_v what_o reparation_n or_o waste_v there_o be_v and_o he_o may_v distrain_v for_o his_o rent_n or_o have_v a_o action_n of_o debt_n if_o tenant_n for_o life_n or_o year_n grant_v a_o great_a estate_n than_o he_o have_v himself_o he_o do_v forfeit_v his_o term_n chap._n xi_o tenant_n at_o will._n tenant_n at_o will_n be_v he_o that_o hold_v land_n or_o tenement_n at_o the_o will_n of_o another_o the_o lessor_n may_v reserve_v a_o yearly_a rent_n and_o may_v distrain_v for_o it_o or_o have_v a_o action_n of_o debt_n the_o lessee_n be_v not_o bind_v to_o repair_v the_o tenement_n the_o will_n be_v determine_v by_o the_o death_n of_o the_o lessor_n or_o of_o a_o woman_n lessee_n by_o her_o marriage_n or_o when_o the_o lessee_n will_v take_v upon_o he_o to_o do_v that_o which_o none_o but_o the_o lessor_n may_v do_v lawful_o it_o determine_v the_o will_n and_o possession_n and_o the_o lessor_n may_v have_v a_o action_n of_o trespass_n for_o it_o the_o lessee_n shall_v have_v reasonable_a time_n to_o have_v away_o his_o good_n and_o his_o corn_n but_o he_o shall_v lose_v his_o fallow_a and_o his_o dung_n carry_v forth_o chap._n xii_o remainder_n a_o remainder_n be_v the_o residue_n of_o a_o estate_n at_o the_o same_o time_n appoint_v over_o and_o must_v be_v ground_v upon_o some_o particular_a estate_n give_v before_o grant_v for_o year_n or_o for_o like_a and_o so_o forth_o and_o aught_o to_o begin_v in_o possession_n when_o the_o particular_a estate_n end_v there_o may_v be_v no_o mean_a time_n between_o either_o by_o grant_n or_o will._n no_o remainder_n can_v be_v of_o a_o chattel_n personal_a a_o remainder_n can_v depend_v on_o a_o matter_n ex_fw-la post_fw-la facto_fw-la as_o upon_o estate_n tail_n upon_o condition_n that_o if_o the_o tenant_n in_o tail_n sell_v than_o the_o land_n to_o remain_v to_o another_o be_v a_o void_a remainder_n chap._n xiii_o reversion_n a_o reversion_n be_v the_o residue_n of_o a_o estate_n that_o be_v leave_v after_o some_o particular_a estate_n grant_v out_o in_o the_o grantor_n as_o if_o a_o man_n grant_v land_n for_o life_n without_o further_a grant_n the_o reversion_n of_o the_o fee-simple_n be_v in_o the_o lessor_n chap._n fourteen_o waste_v waste_n lie_v against_o a_o tenant_n by_o the_o courtesy_n for_o life_n for_o year_n or_o in_o dower_n and_o they_o shall_v lose_v the_o place_n waste_v and_o treble_a damage_n waste_n lie_v not_o against_o a_o tenant_n by_o elegit_fw-la statute-merchant_n or_o staple_n but_o account_n after_o the_o debt_n or_o damage_n levy_v waste_v or_o account_n will_v lie_v against_o a_o tenant_n in_o mortgage_n because_o he_o have_v fee_fw-mi conditional_a waste_n be_v not_o give_v to_o the_o heir_n for_o waste_v in_o the_o life_n of_o his_o father_n waste_n be_v give_v against_o the_o assign_v of_o the_o tenant_n for_o life_n or_o of_o another_o life_n but_o not_o against_o the_o assignee_n of_o a_o tenant_n in_o dower_n or_o of_o the_o courtesy_n it_o be_v to_o be_v bring_v against_o themselves_o it_o be_v waste_a to_o pull_v up_o the_o form_n bench_n door_n window_n wall_n filbert-tree_n or_o willow_n plant_v chap._n xv._n discontinuance_n discontinuance_n be_v where_o a_o man_n that_o have_v the_o present_a possession_n by_o make_v a_o large_a estate_n than_o he_o may_v dive_v the_o inheritance_n of_o the_o land_n or_o tenement_n out_o of_o another_o and_o die_v and_o the_o other_o have_v right_a to_o have_v they_o but_o he_o may_v not_o enter_v
for_o year_n and_o if_o he_o die_v within_o the_o term_n that_o it_o shall_v remain_v to_o m._n a._n and_o it_o be_v good_a for_o the_o first_o have_v but_o the_o occupation_n and_o the_o other_o after_o he_o shall_v have_v the_o property_n but_o if_o a_o chattel_n be_v give_v to_o one_o for_o life_n the_o remainder_n to_o another_o the_o remainder_n be_v void_a for_o a_o grant_n or_o devise_v of_o a_o chattel_n for_o a_o hour_n be_v good_a for_o ever_o and_o the_o devisee_fw-mi may_v dispose_v of_o it_o but_o if_o he_o do_v not_o the_o other_o shall_v have_v it_o a_o man_n may_v devise_v his_o land_n he_o hold_v in_o lease_n but_o not_o his_o lease_n under_o this_o condition_n provide_v that_o if_o the_o devisee_fw-mi die_v within_o the_o term_n than_o he_o shall_v have_v it_o if_o a_o man_n will_v his_o good_n to_o his_o wife_n and_o that_o after_o her_o decease_n his_o son_n and_o heir_n shall_v have_v the_o house_n wherein_o they_o be_v she_o shall_v have_v the_o house_n for_o term_v of_o her_o life_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o devise_v unto_o she_o by_o express_a word_n but_o it_o do_v appear_v that_o his_o intent_n be_v so_o by_o the_o word_n if_o a_o man_n will_v his_o land_n to_o his_o wife_n till_o his_o son_n come_v to_o the_o age_n of_o 21_o year_n and_o the_o woman_n take_v another_o husband_n and_o die_v the_o husband_n shall_v have_v the_o interest_n by_o a_o devise_v a_o man_n may_v have_v the_o fee-simple_n without_o express_a word_n of_o heir_n as_o if_o land_n be_v will_v to_o a_o man_n for_o ever_o or_o to_o have_v and_o to_o hold_v to_o he_o and_o to_o his_o assign_n etc._n etc._n by_o will_n land_n may_v be_v entail_v without_o the_o word_n body_n as_o if_o land_n be_v give_v to_o a_o man_n and_o to_o his_o heir_n male_a it_o do_v make_v a_o estate_n tail_n if_o a_o man_n will_n that_o his_o executor_n shall_v sell_v his_o land_n the_o inheritance_n do_v descend_v to_o the_o heir_n yet_o the_o executor_n may_v enter_v and_o enfeoffe_v the_o vendee_fw-mi but_o if_o land_n be_v give_v to_o the_o executor_n to_o sell_v and_o they_o receive_v the_o profit_n thereof_o to_o their_o own_o use_n and_o do_v not_o sell_v the_o same_o in_o reasonable_a time_n the_o heir_n may_v enter_v a_o executor_n may_v sell_v if_o the_o other_o will_v not_o if_o land_n be_v recover_v against_o tenant_n for_o life_n or_o for_o year_n by_o a_o action_n of_o waste_n or_o former_a title_n he_o may_v not_o give_v his_o corn._n if_o the_o cognizee_n have_v sow_v the_o land_n and_o the_o cognizor_n bring_v a_o scire_fw-la he_o may_v give_v the_o corn_n sow_v if_o a_o man_n devise_v omne_fw-la bona_fw-la &_o cattalla_n hawk_n nor_o hound_n do_v not_o pass_v nor_o the_o deer_n in_o the_o park_n nor_o the_o fish_n in_o the_o pond_n chap._n xlvii_o executor_n a_o executor_n be_v he_o that_o be_v name_v and_o appoint_v by_o the_o testator_n to_o be_v his_o successor_n in_o his_o stead_n to_o enter_v and_o to_o have_v his_o good_n and_o chattel_n to_o use_v action_n against_o his_o debtor_n and_o legacy_n so_o far_o as_o his_o good_n and_o chattel_n will_v extend_v where_o two_o executor_n be_v make_v and_o one_o do_v prove_v the_o will_n and_o the_o other_o do_v refuse_v notwithstanding_o he_o that_o refuse_v may_v administer_v at_o his_o pleasure_n and_o the_o other_o must_v name_v he_o in_o every_o action_n for_o every_o duty_n due_a to_o the_o testator_n and_o his_o release_n shall_v be_v a_o good_a bar_n if_o he_o do_v survive_v he_o may_v administer_v and_o not_o the_o executor_n of_o he_o that_o die_v but_o otherwise_o if_o all_o have_v refuse_v if_o one_o prove_v the_o will_n in_o the_o name_n of_o both_o he_o that_o do_v not_o administer_v shall_v not_o be_v charge_v if_o the_o executor_n do_v once_o any_o action_n that_o be_v proper_a to_o a_o executor_n as_o to_o receive_v the_o testator_n debt_n or_o to_o give_v acquittance_n for_o the_o same_o etc._n etc._n he_o may_v not_o refuse_v but_o other_o act_n of_o charity_n or_o humanity_n he_o may_v do_v as_o to_o dispose_v of_o the_o testator_n good_n about_o the_o funeral_n to_o feed_v his_o cattle_n lest_o they_o perish_v or_o to_o keep_v his_o good_n lest_o they_o be_v steal_v these_o thing_n may_v every_o one_o do_v without_o danger_n when_o executor_n do_v bring_v a_o action_n it_o shall_v be_v in_o all_o their_o name_n aswell_o of_o they_o that_o do_v refuse_v as_o of_o other_o but_o a_o action_n must_v be_v bring_v against_o he_o that_o do_v administer_v only_o and_o he_o which_o first_o come_v shall_v first_o answer_v a_o executor_n of_o a_o executor_n be_v executor_n to_o the_o first_o testator_n and_o shall_v have_v a_o action_n of_o debt_n account_n etc._n etc._n or_o trespass_n as_o of_o the_o good_n of_o the_o first_o testator_n carry_v away_o and_o execution_n of_o statute_n and_o recognizance_n etc._n etc._n st._n 25._o ed._n 5._o the_o title_n and_o interest_n of_o a_o executor_n be_v by_o the_o testament_n and_o not_o by_o the_o probate_n but_o without_o show_v it_o they_o may_v release_v the_o probate_n the_o justice_n will_v not_o allow_v they_o tosue_v action_n the_o executor_n shall_v have_v the_o wardship_n of_o the_o body_n and_o land_n of_o the_o ward_n in_o knight_n service_n but_o not_o in_o soccage_n and_o lease_n for_o year_n and_o rend_v charge_n for_o year_n statute_n recognizance_n bond_n land_n in_o execution_n corn_n upon_o the_o ground_n gold_n silver_n plate_n jewel_n money_n debt_n cattle_n and_o all_o other_o good_n and_o chattel_n of_o the_o testator_n if_o they_o be_v not_o devise_v and_o may_v devise_v they_o but_o if_o he_o do_v will_n omne_fw-la bona_fw-la &_o cattallasua_n the_o good_n of_o the_o testator_n pass_v not_o neither_o shall_v they_o be_v forfeit_v by_o the_o executor_n a_o executor_n be_v chargeable_a for_o all_o duty_n of_o the_o testator_n that_o be_v certain_a but_o not_o for_o trespass_n nor_o for_o receipt_n of_o rent_n nor_o for_o occupation_n of_o land_n as_o bailiff_n or_o guardian_n in_o soccage_n etc._n etc._n for_o this_o be_v not_o any_o duty_n certain_a so_o far_o as_o he_o shall_v have_v asset_n if_o the_o executor_n do_v waste_v the_o good_n of_o the_o testator_n he_o shall_v pay_v they_o of_o his_o own_o a_o executor_n shall_v not_o be_v charge_v but_o with_o such_o good_n as_o come_v to_o his_o hand_n but_o if_o a_o stranger_n take_v they_o out_o of_o his_o possession_n they_o be_v asset_n in_o his_o hand_n if_o a_o executor_n take_v good_n of_o another_o man_n among_o the_o good_n of_o the_o testator_n he_o shall_v be_v excuse_v of_o the_o take_n in_o trespass_n duty_n by_o matter_n of_o record_n shall_v be_v satisfy_v before_o duty_n by_o specialty_n and_o duty_n by_o specialty_n before_o charge_n and_o legacy_n before_o other_o duty_n a_o executor_n may_v pay_v a_o debt_n or_o credit_n of_o some_o kind_n depend_v the_o writ_n before_o notice_n of_o the_o action_n but_o not_o after_o notice_n or_o issue_n join_v a_o executor_n may_v pay_v debt_n with_o his_o own_o money_n and_o retain_v so_o much_o of_o the_o testator_n good_n but_o not_o land_n appoint_v to_o be_v sell_v any_o of_o these_o word_n debere_fw-la solvere_fw-la recipere_fw-la borrow_v or_o any_o word_n that_o will_v prove_v a_o man_n a_o debtor_n or_o to_o have_v the_o money_n if_o it_o be_v by_o bill_n will_v charge_v the_o executor_n or_o administrator_n but_o not_o the_o heir_n if_o he_o be_v not_o name_v chap._n xlviii_o adninistrator_n a_o administrator_n be_v he_o to_o who_o the_o ordinary_a of_o the_o place_n where_o the_o intestate_a dwell_v commit_v the_o testator_n good_n chattel_n credit_n and_o right_n for_o wheresoever_o a_o man_n die_v intestate_a either_o for_o that_o he_o be_v so_o negligent_a he_o make_v no_o testament_n or_o make_v such_o a_o executor_n as_o refuse_v to_o prove_v it_o or_o otherwise_o be_v of_o no_o force_n the_o ordinary_a may_v commit_v the_o administration_n of_o his_o good_n to_o the_o widow_n or_o next_o of_o kin_n or_o to_o both_o which_o he_o please_v make_v request_n and_o revoke_v it_o again_o at_o his_o pleasure_n the_o ordinary_n may_v assign_v also_o a_o tutor_n to_o the_o intestates_fw-la child_n to_o his_o son_n until_o twelve_o year_n but_o so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o a_o prejudice_n to_o he_o that_o be_v the_o guardian_n and_o after_o those_o year_n he_o or_o she_o may_v respective_o choose_v their_o own_o curator_n and_o the_o guardian_n may_v confirm_v they_o if_o there_o be_v not_o good_a order_n take_v by_o their_o father_n will._n as_o if_o such_o a_o tutor_n die_v the_o infant_n can_v have_v a_o action_n of_o account_n against_o his_o executor_n the_o power_n and_o charge_n of_o a_o administrator_n
in_o plowdens_n commentary_n it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o the_o premise_n may_v be_v enlarge_v by_o the_o habendum_fw-la but_o not_o abridge_v as_o it_o plain_o appear_v aswell_o in_o the_o say_a case_n of_o throgmorton_n as_o in_o worteslies_n case_n report_v also_o by_o master_n plowden_n and_o i_o have_v read_v as_o my_o collection_n tell_v i_o that_o it_o be_v require_v of_o the_o habendum_fw-la to_o include_v the_o premise_n moreover_o the_o habendum_fw-la as_o w._n n._n esquire_n have_v it_o in_o the_o treatise_n of_o the_o ground_n and_o maxim_n of_o the_o law_n must_v not_o be_v repugnant_a to_o the_o premise_n for_o if_o it_o be_v it_o be_v void_a and_o the_o deed_n will_v take_v effect_n by_o the_o premise_n which_o be_v very_o worthy_a of_o observation_n the_o tenendum_fw-la tenend_n '_o the_o tenendum_fw-la before_o the_o statute_n of_o quia_fw-la emptores_fw-la terrarum_fw-la make_v 18._o ed._n 1._o be_v usual_o de_fw-la feoffatoribus_fw-la &_o haeredibus_fw-la suis_fw-la &_o non_fw-la de_fw-la capitalibus_fw-la dominis_fw-la feodorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n viz._n of_o the_o feoffor_n and_o their_o heir_n and_o not_o of_o the_o chief_a lord_n of_o the_o fee_n etc._n etc._n whereby_o there_o happen_v divers_a inconvenience_n unto_o lord_n as_o the_o lose_n of_o their_o escheat_n or_o forfeiture_n and_o other_o right_n belong_v to_o they_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o signory_n which_o as_o the_o same_o statute_n express_v it_o durum_fw-la &_o difficile_fw-la videbatur_fw-la etc._n etc._n whereupon_o it_o be_v grant_v provide_v and_o enact_v quod_fw-la de_fw-la caetero_fw-la liceat_fw-la unicuique_fw-la libero_fw-la homini_fw-la terras_fw-la sitas_fw-la seu_fw-la tenementa_fw-la sua_fw-la seu_fw-la partem_fw-la inde_fw-la ad_fw-la voluntatem_fw-la svam_fw-la vendere_fw-la ita_fw-la tamen_fw-la quod_fw-la feoffatus_fw-la teneat_fw-la terram_fw-la illam_fw-la seu_fw-la tenementum_fw-la illud_fw-la de_fw-la capitali_fw-la domino_fw-la feodi_fw-la illius_fw-la per_fw-la eadem_fw-la servitia_fw-la &_o consuetudines_fw-la per_fw-la quae_fw-la feoffator_fw-la suus_fw-la illa_fw-la prius_fw-la de_fw-la eo_fw-la tenuit_fw-la q_n estate_n '_o fuit_fw-la fait_fw-fr as_o say_v one_o pur_fw-it l'advantage_n de_fw-fr senior_fw-la '_o which_o statue_n be_v make_v for_o the_o advantage_n of_o lord_n and_o indeed_o i_o easy_o believe_v it_o now_o it_o be_v evident_a from_o that_o which_o have_v be_v declare_v out_o of_o the_o say_a statute_n that_o at_o this_o day_n the_o tenendum_fw-la where_o the_o fee_fw-mi simple_a pass_v must_v be_v of_o the_o chief_a lord_n of_o the_o fee_n etc._n etc._n for_o no_o man_n since_o the_o say_a statute_n can_v convey_v land_n in_o fee_n to_o hold_v of_o himself_o out_o of_o which_o rule_n the_o king_n only_o i_o think_v may_v be_v except_v and_o it_o be_v not_o in_o silence_n to_o be_v pass_v over_o that_o where_o land_n etc._n etc._n be_v convey_v in_o fee_n though_o there_o be_v no_o tenendum_fw-la at_o all_o mention_v yet_o the_o feoffee_n shall_v hold_v the_o same_o in_o such_o manner_n as_o the_o feoffor_a hold_v before_o quia_fw-la fortis_fw-la est_fw-la legis_fw-la operatio_fw-la the_o statute_n so_o determine_v the_o clause_n of_o warranty_n et_fw-la ego_fw-la &_o haeredes_fw-la mei_fw-la etc._n etc._n warrantizabimus_fw-la etc._n etc._n defendemus_fw-la etc._n etc._n warrantizo_fw-it be_v a_o verb_n use_v in_o the_o law_n and_o only_o appropriate_v to_o make_v a_o warranty_n littleton_n in_o his_o chapt_n of_o warranty_n say_v que_fw-fr cest_fw-fr parol_n etc._n etc._n that_o this_o word_n warrantizo_n make_v the_o warranty_n and_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o warranty_n and_o no_o other_o word_n in_o our_o law_n and_o the_o argument_n to_o prove_v his_o assertion_n be_v produce_v from_o the_o form_n and_o word_n use_v in_o a_o fine_a as_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v because_o the_o word_n defendo_fw-la be_v not_o contain_v in_o fine_n to_o create_v a_o warranty_n but_o the_o word_n warrantizo_n only_o ergo_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o argument_n deduce_v and_o draw_v à _fw-la majori_fw-la ad_fw-la minus_fw-la be_v very_o forcible_a for_o the_o great_a be_v enable_v needs_o must_v the_o lesser_a be_v also_o enable_v omne_fw-la majus_fw-la in_o se_fw-la continet_fw-la quod_fw-la minus_fw-la est_fw-la &_o quoth_v in_o majori_fw-la non_fw-la valet_fw-la nec_fw-la valet_fw-la in_o minori_fw-la but_o certain_o littleton_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v only_o of_o a_o express_a warranty_n indeed_o and_o of_o a_o warranty_n annex_v to_o land_n for_o there_o may_v be_v and_o be_v other_o word_n which_o will_v extend_v and_o inure_v sufficient_o to_o warrant_v chattel_n etc._n etc._n and_o which_o will_v imply_v a_o warranty_n in_o law_n as_o dedi_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o excambium_fw-la as_o i_o have_v hear_v say_v imply_v a_o warranty_n in_o law_n which_o from_o glanvil_n well_fw-mi in_o excambium_fw-la or_o escambium_fw-la datione_fw-la lib._n 3._o cap._n 1._o may_v receive_v some_o confirmation_n and_o littleton_n in_o his_o chapter_n of_o parcener_n teach_v that_o partition_n imply_v a_o warranty_n in_o law_n etc._n etc._n and_o lest_o some_o may_v here_o say_v that_o defendemus_fw-la stand_v for_o a_o cypher_n i_o will_v tell_v they_o what_o bracton_n declare_v of_o it_o speak_v about_o a_o warranty_n in_o deed_n from_o the_o feoffor_a and_o his_o heir_n who_o word_n be_v these_o per_fw-la hoc_fw-la autem_fw-la quod_fw-la dicit_fw-la scilicet_fw-la feoffator_fw-la defendemus_fw-la obligatse_n &_o haeredes_fw-la suos_fw-la ad_fw-la defendendum_fw-la fi_fw-la quis_fw-la velit_fw-la servitutem_fw-la ponere_fw-la rei_fw-la datae_fw-la contra_fw-la formam_fw-la donationis_fw-la etc._n etc._n lawyer_n in_o their_o book_n make_v mention_n of_o three_o kind_n of_o warranties_n viz._n warranty_n lineal_a warranty_n collateral_a and_o warranty_n which_o commence_v by_o disseisin_n the_o first_o be_v when_o one_o by_o deed_n bind_v both_o himself_o and_o his_o heir_n to_o warranty_n and_o after_o death_n this_o warranty_n descend_v to_o and_o upon_o his_o heir_n the_o second_o be_v in_o a_o transverse_n or_o overthwart_a line_n so_o that_o the_o party_n upon_o who_o the_o warranty_n descend_v can_v convey_v the_o title_n which_o he_o have_v in_o the_o land_n from_o he_o that_o be_v the_o maker_n of_o the_o warranty_n the_o three_o and_o last_o be_v where_o a_o man_n unlawful_o enter_v upon_o the_o freehold_a of_o another_o thereof_o disseise_v he_o and_o convey_v it_o with_o a_o warranty_n but_o this_o last_o can_v bar_v at_o all_o of_o these_o you_o may_v read_v plentiful_a and_o excellent_a matter_n and_o example_n in_o littleton_n chapter_n of_o warranty_n and_o sir_n ed._n coke_n learned_o comment_v upon_o he_o to_o who_o for_o further_a illustration_n hereof_o i_o refer_v you_o as_o also_o unto_o master_n cowel_n interpretation_n of_o word_n in_o the_o title_n warranty_n who_o there_o remember_v divers_a thing_n very_o worthy_a observation_n concern_v it_o before_o i_o come_v to_o the_o five_o part_n of_o the_o deed_n of_o feoffament_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o observe_v that_o a_o warranty_n always_o descend_v to_o the_o heir_n at_o the_o common_a law_n and_o follow_v the_o estate_n as_o the_o shadow_n the_o substance_n and_o whensoever_o the_o estate_n may_v the_o warranty_n may_v also_o be_v defeat_v and_o every_o warranty_n as_o say_v sir_n ed._n coke_n which_o descend_v do_v descend_v to_o he_o that_o be_v heir_n to_o he_o which_o make_v the_o warranty_n by_o the_o common-law_n and_o moreover_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v as_o may_v be_v gather_v from_o what_o have_v be_v former_o say_v that_o a_o heir_n shall_v not_o be_v bind_v to_o a_o express_a warranty_n but_o when_o the_o ancestor_n be_v bind_v by_o the_o same_o warranty_n for_o if_o the_o ancestor_n be_v never_o bind_v the_o heir_n shall_v never_o be_v charge_v and_o i_o remember_v i_o have_v read_v a_o case_n in_o br._n abr_n 35._o h._n 8._o pl._n 266._o to_o this_o purpose_n si_fw-mi home_n dit_fw-fr en_fw-fr son_fw-fr garrantie_n et_fw-la ego_fw-la tenementa_fw-la praedicta_fw-la cum_fw-la pertinentiis_fw-la praefato_fw-la a._n b._n le_fw-fr donee_n warrantizabo_fw-la &_o ne_fw-fr dit_fw-fr ego_fw-la &_o haeredes_fw-la mei_fw-la il_fw-fr mesme_fw-fr garrantera_fw-fr mes_fw-fr son_fw-fr heir_n nest_n tenus_fw-la the_o garrant_a pur_fw-it ceo_fw-la que_fw-la heir_n ne_fw-la sont_fw-fr express_v en_fw-fr le_fw-fr garranty_n b._n garr_fw-mi 50._o so_o i_o will_v forbear_v to_o speak_v any_o further_a herein_o be_v a_o very_a intricate_a and_o abstruse_a kind_n of_o learning_n require_v the_o pen_n of_o a_o most_o cunning_a and_o experience_a lawyer_n and_o now_o i_o address_v myself_o to_o the_o five_o orderly_o or_o formal_a part_n of_o the_o deed_n of_o feoffament_n the_o clause_n of_o in_o cujus_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o cujus_fw-la rei_fw-la testimonium_fw-la this_o clause_n be_v add_v as_o a_o preparatory_a direction_n to_o the_o seal_n of_o the_o deed_n for_o seal_v be_v essential_o require_v to_o the_o perfection_n thereof_o because_o it_o do_v plain_o show_v the_o feoffors_n consent_n to_o and_o approbation_n of_o what_o therein_o be_v contain_v